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f ^ ( ? f 5 c 5 5 ^ ' i f t s >5T5 "^"ira ' r a f e , <p«5i<it5<i ^ W i w r a ' r a f e , ^ t , ^ i •ifrwi5 'refe, ^ m t c5K®5 t t o o t t n t t^f'tg, (?5'=ik55
2tMI&?|5|»!. 1 T E 5T55K55 a i n r r 5 % ^ , 1 ^ 5 5 Cg'ftf5w1t, '3msT5 snS®^^ÎT55I, w r a i 5 «1©® 4-JI<(.=1<l a^tRFstn, C1115 tÎJTCETB
^<n 55Tm xi'w % # 5 i 5 ' r a f e , oihw^ wgi* 'rafe, ^ 1 5 3 5 sra:^ ®ir^, w i 5 > ^ 5^515 'rafe, 1*1(5?
5#5i5 'refe,flnfti<pB<ii!5 ' R i f e , ^pjm -smmm^ra <h!-j:i5 ' s t r a t t 5 t T O 'rafe, ^ ^ '
jgrawtwi, (35515, ' n f ^ ? er^rora (âîftî, "J^ra 'nf^su «<^:c<!<! 2i<M<itoh, 45i5-'5f? c j ^ , 4515 t i ^ ?
(355TC55 <i<*,l5, 1 O T 1 1 ' r a f e , a C P I III5!? C g ^ , '5f(:?PT =Trf¥? C3<-!'.<!5 ai4>l<)C«ti, •^l? 'STOFI t t t i t l f ^ ? (y<WC5i5
e 3 ^ 1 f 5 w 1 1 , -MlRil) 135511:55 1W, T l f ^ ca<Plc<l<] 5 1 5 5 1 5 , f®(?15 s f w r e ^ t W I '<3 '8'^ft5^, 1?OT1 ' R i f e , f 5 W , Rc=1<l S|<FI<1CW,
f57?I5 5 1 5 5 1 5 , ? T t l e ^ r a W 5 * fe, -swra ^11:5^ %!m t ' s l ^ l t ' R i f e , niÛR? 4JI«'BI5, =1l5i;Rt, 4 T K 5 t T C 5 5
a i c . < l l s S l * j « i , qi5l;Pi!,4Jl«5la-45 (a^1f5«in, 5«t-?tni 4JIW?!<I, 5 ' ! - t T K ; i 5 •^tC511 ' R i f e , B a r e c o p p e r c o n d u c t o r t a b l e ,
^ ( : « t W p(«wv| vEit55 -tpt^_ "ITRT^ C«H^W<1 ca% ftsil I
55Tlflf5l?5, mWS, ^l5C<M3fT?n>S, 55TT1lf5lBc<)5 f5«in, ^ 1 fSj55 55!^, ^ t l f t t e r a "^^Wl, ShI^5=I « I
8Sik-(iov»
Contents
S A F E T Y METHOD O F W O R K S
( i ) £<ji3^f^^ ^5nt=^ "srm "^^m 1
(•5,) t ^ - W f ^ f t t ^ ^ ^ m r a ^ I
(v5) aFt^"^ MWIiJH « ^ f l i ^ ^gpng^ I
(Safety R u l e s a n d P r e c a u t i o n s ) 8
^W'ÎJa'^JM f t ^ ^ •'ini I ^n<lTg ^ fif!%5« ^ « ^ I^liR,
^ I ^ <^j(^w Ftsj; «ii5wfi^°v •^n:^ csit^ ^ ^
<int^ * ( t ^ 'BiPidvB 7 5 ^ . ?if^ : ^ 9 f ^ ^sf^sji^ «rn::^ ^<?r<n ^ m\ ^stt^tm
« I ^tR cm?! T^-QTm^ ^ ^ s % g ' S R ^ C?lrfj <JJ<1^W • ^ s f k ^ ^ ^ I ^ I
(t 12<i3jf^4 c s i f S R R S<ii|(^<i' sntw ^ f^t^ ^
^«?n^rt^ ^^5f^ ^ I
^ I SK-^ ^ «itl?n tmt (Xpn > f i ^ 1 w i j t ^Rc^? ^ti:^ i
H11^5^ ^ 3 ^ wilt cs^^ ^ î#?n ît:^ i
Contents
J> I ^ i f f t f ^ <?!<3?i|iJ at^ i t t s n t TOKI^lWfl ^nr^ w t e I
bo 1 ^ (TF^ ^ ^ ^ # 2 ; ^ I
is I i'i^^4> TO ^rtFtm m. ^ voivîîf^ ' n ^ n t ^ ^^1^ i
I t^?RîF ^ ^Kt^ t n ^ , ^Ht^ t ^ , -^StH, c^'^,
CTnf^ c ^ , c ' l ' ^ t w t f t <ij<î<i I
CIO I CIpBkI ^ o T ^ ' ^ t i ^ 1<[f^ ^ I ?PBl=f ^ f^fff^^ I
(8) 'A'^ f f t ^ , 'il^ ^^F# ^ I

(<?) ' c ^ ^ ^ î'^^ csrf^ I
Contents
fiftîPi^îw '^m^^ ^nert^ f5l^<!,3n ^•^\
t ^ < ! , ^ ^sp5t^ ^ ^sr^
t^«!?n^ siwi^H TO I 'TOst 'TpiH ^^1^ w5Fn f^<!,5n to ?im csnt^
o IW R ^ ^-spsfl^ 1 S w 5 F r i P f ^Qcvsi^ \oR] ^ ^ t ^ >fl"^»v c^stfe ^ 5 i W 5 titm

"?inf5^ ^ « r ^ « i f ^ ^ ^ r = "
m i t ^ "î^ " 5 p f ^ I
^îr^ ^^Fttc^ I wH^c^tw^ " 5 ^ ^ , ^ v s p t r ^ ^ -^s^ I
Tff^ *fH « ^ T t t ^ TO I
^ 1 ti^wDwietRô <j{^c<i ^'JR^S ?ni^ ^ , 'siT^ « 5 t v o t W < T O I ^ TO I
i o I sfmwi?^ c ^ - ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ I
Contents
^ vsm^ (Electric Shock)
(y) ' s i K i ^ * " ^ i ^ "iftei fS^*! sRifljs î?n
* ^ sf?n^ I
c^2?f^. - ^ ^ j r f g i ^ c?rpy, ^ 5ijT55R (?n*R, 1^, to c^l^, ^ i
^rt^sp^ *lltar »tflm«t ^?

1 ^ f% f f ^ « t sRif^ ^ ^ TO *if?:^ ' s n ^
^îm « f t ^ K s j ^ fe^ « mm ^ « ^ ) c«6ic^c«t5j
« ^ ^ *lfta mBI^JW i o î:;® ôo f^8 (Kii) "5?! I 5^
^ ^ ^ i (Kfl) 'gng^jgjL.
'il^ w c^K^ "ira 1 ^ <ijmPRiHi TO^ a t m ^
TO I ^ ^ iô Col^ 'rf^?!!^ TO5 ' I ' . i t 'Tvi^lin - J ! ^ m , ^ (?ft
^ ^ ? 5 f ^TOI mm *r^^ wfsfSji*! ^ ^mt « ^ ^) <Jr 'wi
«lfk3?I ^l*U f ^ ^ ( ^ 2(^^lfl^ f&sJtt ^ 3n«R ^5^, ^ 1 ^ TO
Contents
vjww ^ ^ « ^ti?5 TO 1 ^ ^rnm f l ^ t TO% 'Tf^t^ ^ ^ R ^ w %n swff^ ^
^n^<=r ^rt^ "*t^^ *f%T«'*iw%lftys'r^^ ^tira
^ r n ^ ans TO I
^ I ^ ( ? p ^ f ^ < 5 , % ^ « p p ^ s r ^ i g f f ^ T i i j ^ ^-i^ TOs ^s!W ^nf^ î^n * f f t ^ ' ° » f ^ Îtm
^ ^ iff Mi<<ili<j m m^NsjTOs,^ (7f t^rnt wp^ m i
8 I^ w w f ^ 3 % tw<ftB<^ an® <jf*w «fit>itc^ 1 ^ tow lî^raH ^ ^5!#m

TO5, ^ (Tit ^îf^ 'srw^ an® I
"l5lW»14< <flbl^<Jl osmi "sm^ 1 ^ 1 —
Contents
^f3R 1 ^ smm f^'i^n ^^f^
TO I ^«T5H ^*JJ < ? ^ ^ cam {Holger
N e l s o n m e t h o d ) îwt^ ^^mw ^ ^ I ft^C
(Tfmit^ xst?[m "51^ lii^?, T^^m
<ji^c<> f&f^'^Tt <iQ(:<w, 1%f^[ ^srr^ - ^ j f ^ T^«2fH
(TR^- csRTa t ^ r ^ 1 1 ^ csim cp^'Qm
TFTsra " 5 ^ ^ "^T^ ^tII^ "5:^^ wf^R::^, ^
^sn^ f^<^ <»'i5c^^ •^.^"s 1 ^
*|HIJ# ^ i t e ^tC^ f ^ « ! , ^50^ ^ ^ f e
^1"^ "5:^0 ^siTCs ^^?tMi ^j^-i^w^j
Pi«i^'i5w<i ^îin -sjitk^ ^tR?n fH^<^ '^'^

<ijI^C'^ SwMH ^^ftw c5ti -^tcî
•^WtW?! t^<^ '5(115^ ^?!jf^ ^^'T^ ^
c ^ t ^^TopT ^ 1 % ^5:t?n ^nti:^ i ^ t r ^ ^
(?R^ "SRi^j 'wii^ ^^5§c«s I ^«t^ ^'i.
W I ^ ^^jf%^ S'ra F I f ^ f ^ , (TRW
^ 9m ^ 5 R ^ ftirn ^srtte -^^w i «;<n<^

i^°s 1^33 «t^5lft «1<1^1?J ftfWt Wff^R^S l^X^ I
Contents
^ ^ ^ t ^ ^ w ,
nc!?, ^ ^ti?T -xn^n (TTM ^ # ¥ 1
mjus •<iif^ws ^^jf^
«2-) lilt 2}1SF¥t 2 1 %
"5rr«2rm «2rm^5t#^ w <iifec<t» f l f % e ? r r ^ ^ ? f ^ t % « r t ^
^ s t ^ ^ 5 K ^ ^rrni-î^s - ^ t ^ TO I lilt
^ ' r a t^-j^Tt ^ I ^sTRvs ^fi'R
^ - 5 p ^ TO i& <ijl^c<tj -sn^n
(TITO Bt^-w w v s t ^ fRiira ^«JT^ OT'srK'i?n
i ^ ^3% "siT^nTi *f^^2n®
'^j^ wwi^ «?n1%^^
Contents
'^SliJf^^ (ConflagraUon)
TO I iTTSR- f^TOiS, ^w<iitB<j»jm w % 7 ^ wmtm ^ ^ « t "STm^
^ T t f ^ TO I ^ ^^nrWlM^ ^('oIW, (?Tn5 "il^t 5d*I<pQj<Jijl«1 •?FITO?I ^ 'Sil^^

TO I ^ ^srf^^ ^ ^ ^®«©7^ m\ w n >im><^V£>i ^rmrî
(7rW->ilf^ t^fsrs «il^^«f^*tt^ (Soda-acid Extinguishers)8

i£it «raRR^ i 5 ^ » v « t ^ cnMfffe 9rn:^ i I S i ^ Tif^ ?rR
^^TFrf^S^ i ^ t ^ '?fTw I w cm] ^ "iitîus? T f o j n f?i%?n TO ^ ^ ^ T ^ wtt-^srîtw
^^'f^ ^ I ^ C?PI T T t t OT^TTI ^ I ^-^y^f^ io "tp <))<)^W

^ I '^m'^ i^?°s ^ 1 1 : ® ^ ' Q ^ J#J?T <(R5jg W t ^ I C^fl^M, ^551 i£|ô
< F t ^ T S f ^ - ^ s n ^ l ^ v a f ^ ^ « l % * t t ? (Carbon Di oxide E x t i n g u i s h e r s ) 8
^ i£i^?!Qf5TO ^ ' T O I •?n^ ^ w r vsit-wwft^ ^^t%

TOf 1 w i wft-^5Wt5 TO I im ^^51^ wTt-*i«ii5^ ^5t?n ^srfCT,
w ^ I^ w f c^TO t^<f ^nt^t wi, ( R T O « ^j<j^w ^ i t^cra ^5Rt?«n
(?EFm vir5|i^^«f^*rm ( F o a m Extinguishers)?

i£|^?,«t^ ^ iSft#?I f'Tn:'?! s#i?T <)j 0^151 W TO51 ^ ^
WTf^ Wlfl^ TPfR^f^ «#i?T ^ m r a W TO I $W4lIa<»JFI ^FITO <JJ<1i^W ^ TO ^ I
siwrn 'A'^^^flptim n f f ^ « ( R t l w m <m4w'B TO i wra<3 * t f ^ » n ^ ^1%TO w=tf t ^ j s
i£iTi=i,fviP»ijm >iMw'G î]^m w ^t?n strn:^ i ^5%n c?ri fein§ TO >ii?°s
^[iT^ wfTO wft-*iî5^ ^^n% ^ ^sTRTf I
CBSl«>NlX>i» >irfrt^^«fl"*ft? (Carbon T e t r a c h l o r i d e E x t i n g u i s h e r s ) 8

^ ^FTiw ^5t^ 5!rn:^ 1 ^ n i ^ j j w r *«]-^tij,«rn;^ i ^ ^ ^ q ^
dSaicst^wit* ^TTTO ^îf?^ •^t?it TOP 1 I
Contents
HAND T O O L S
^ 5 n « | ^ (Hand Tools)?
?c*i<i11a<r>jp! ^ ^ R t m ? f ^ êm:?r^=t ^ « ^^^«tr^ ^ j t r ^ # 7 ? ^ ^5jf^ pn:^.

' i j w aiwi&'i i ^rrs 55^} w '^'t^ ^ wf ^ I
5r5n«rR w t TO ^ 1 ^ T O , tf3?f^?n^< ^ ^^^TO ¥ ^ ^tis. ^ ^ H ^ ^ p^pra

?r^=TR:g^'^ ^<m ^ffei^ 1 «i5i Jsp T^wbi îf^ I
i i C W l f ? ^ 05*f ( M e a s u r i n g Tape)§ t % i % i f ^ s , « ? n ^ " = 1 ^ Jii^T/Sj^ G t W !
^ i ^rflraFtf^tft^ (Micrometer)? f 5 1 t 1 ^ ^ ^ < I t S W ' R ' ! ^ i t ^ R 'TT^nTn 'Sra?*

sJiiisvUw e % . ' s n t . % ^ ^'ih'<-dK<i ^.?n TO i
Contents
f^sft? C t ^ (Filer
Gauge)? ^ f^TJl^n^:
8 1 ^srt^'e wrf%*fTg^'(Out Side
Calipers)? cmmH ^
^ 5 W l 1 ^ ^ t f ^ t ^ TO I ^ ^
* I ^Jpnt^S •^TtPf'ft?^ ( I n S i d e Calipers)?
•»rt^'^ TO I ^ ^ ^
^[tZvo f f ^ l ^^HTg^ W 1TOI
\b I f ^ ^ f ^ v E l ? ( S p r i n g Divider)?
^ ^ R ^ •ST.JO ^ ' f ^ l TO
f^Tt*T^ W I f t ^ riiri't
TO 1 <T«^ i ^ i ^ r g
^ 1 wm^tHT^ ?rm*f l ( D i a g o n a l
C u U i n g Pliers)?
^ ^ J T ^ -^NÎ w ^ ^f^-ra
Contents
VI IFff C?!M (Flat Nose Pliers)8
J» I ^ r l ^ (?Tt^ ?rtTrt^ ( R o u n d N o s e PUers)S
m m ^ I^'n ^ tits vfl-g^ '^ffB
i o 1 * R ( , ^ « J H ?mn^ (Combination PUers)?
t1i?fî^^ ^ T O ^ '<»»^t''i ^ f ^ ;
i y i f9«r^SfC9^ ?mrr*f (Sllp j o i n t PUers)?
^<i5i^ ^ ^spi I m m 'Ti'^t^
X I "Srtf^ (Monkey W r e n c h ) ?
iv3 ( f 3 F # f ^ ?mrr<(Crimping Pliers)?
t?:i -^jT® 5 ^ / 1 1 ^ >iiî«j *mj^
•mw îPI-îi (Lugs) Tsn««t5i ^riTOi

i 8 I ^ r r ^ ^ F l ^ (Cable Cutter)?
W I ^ ' s t ' m csrf5i^c*R®ra c ^ , ^,

« ^ ? 5 t Tj\*sjoi "?pflw
Contents
)>(t I If (Screw Driver)?
H«avy-duty screw driver. (Stbniey Tools)
i«31 ^VWU ^ Sft«t? (Offset S c r e w
Driver)?
tfl^ ^ ^ 1 t w ^'m[ jio"
^^^?iqi^ TOP I ( ? i T O (?n^ ^-
y^l f¥%*t'T f -'St^Stl ( P h i l i p s

S c r e w Driver)?
PhJIIips-type screw driver. (Stanley Toots)

^ ^ I t W WI ^ 'Sit^
«rTTO ^"^l 'SfiJK^ f ^ ' P } (S>5 .^-vs ^ I
iV I tif>r$|<J«1 ( 3 ^ ^ (Flexible
B l a d e S c r e w Driver)? <2I!lQ]II^
iJ» I Q'l (Carpentry Brace)?
t53 ^ ^ i twrw?ii
^ ^TOI <3 CiIFn TO I '«T^ ^
t^^ ^TO f^^s ^«ttt^ ^ fis

TO I
Contents
I «5jrB (Wire Gauge)?
îl^^(File)?
^ 1 ^ ^ 1 f^t%^ «S[?R?^ TPlt^f
•^^1 fliSrr*f (Reamers)S
tW tlsi ^ TO. ^ I
^ S T o ] ^ "xr^«t ^ TO I
•ô I l P t ^ ^ l * < } < l (Crosspeeri Hammer)?
. <il^*s ^ ' r a Sim ^ ^ TOl ( 7 t « O T 3 s^"^
< p | ^ • ' l ^ ^ TO 1 ^©T5J CTUHC^
Cross-peen hammer. (Stanley Toolsl

: T O 5 | -
^8 I AJIWN (Ballpeen Hammer) ?
t t'^j^ CSJ^f^
nTTl?!!^ f^^Ttm ^ ^t%^ ot©
wi.TOt ^ ^ < ^ m ?i I (?iTO
(?i?tf%^ ; 5 j r w <i<m >fli?i ^ -^t^
TO, (RTO ^^mra ^ '^tti:^ I
r ^ * f ^ flc^ (Carpentry
Chisel)?
tw TO1 ^5R^ TO(:^ ^
TO I Tfe^ ^ 'ItW I
^vi ^ l t ^ ( H d c k s a w ) ?
tlO 'Tl W t tl3?1%t^'s • ^ - ^ I

tW C^? ^ W I TO I
CSJî^^ f f % t % ^ Ttt^
I ^ I T ^ (Junior Hack-
saw)?
t?cra w i wt€tn c5i?Tf^
Wfl 11 I (TI'SR- PR, ^
vblJllPiUlWiJ T l t t I
\3o I ^ J t ^ ' l ' (Backsaw)?
TO5 '^H' c^? ^w

<fv5W<5 ^ <j<îfi W I xt?n
TO51 "^1%¥l "fl^S.
Contents
\3i I Wt^fBc«»«1 (Cold ChiseDS
^ « ca^ ^vsi^ w tTOi
vs^l C5r^*rt« (Centre Punch)S
Prick puftch. (I_ S . Starrett Co «

tâ tm 1^^ ^^ptro
Center pvnch (LutWn Rute Co.)
w t TO I <;
^ I 5 f | ? f ? (Scriber)?
^Tf^'v ^ ^ § T O ^ T C ^ , ^TOi^ ^
V58 I (3rtiat? (Try-Square) S

Tp|i)m|.[i|m,,[,,m(l|imi|l|l'|lj'l'|'l
^wi%R« '^[(m STt-c¥!TO ^ I J b 4 a a I
•jj«in- (^) 'fttvs 5[ftw5 i>o"^ M l c ^ t >firw5i
^TO ^ 5lt-(mTO Wl
(t) m C ^ » v ^ - l ^ ^RSi. t ? ! ^ R ? J ^ ^ - ^
\3<? I « « P «f|7r ( B e n c h Vlce)S
fl5l, ^gs^ vf^^^-t ^fTSlTO *{§TO
^ TO I
Contents
*nt*t (Self
UKJktag Hinged P i p e Viee)S
cttw?! ^ cw^\ WI m I t w
vs'l I > Q C ^ »£R5îrÎ^ ( O p e n e n d S p a n n e r ) ?
5 T i t ^ '*tnTO fi'Gî
<3 ^ T O f l TO I .
Ob-1 f?<-"'1irsrt? ( R i n g - s p a n n e r ) 8
tw W I Rfo^ ^nt^ ^ « c<rt^ c^fpn ^ n t ^
TO I
o ^ I f^T-sFTM C - C l a m p ) ?
^ T O ^ CI *l<5.o1c<5
8 0 I l i t r R s i ^ ^ (Allen key)8
Contents
8 b I •f^'t^^tBfJ (Pipe Cutter)?
8 ^ 1 1^'r(Snlp)S
m\ f m i c'jSiI^ wi 'mil
(flt 1^1 1 ^ TO I (RT^,- ^
' ^•v
8V31 ?tm (Plumb Bob)g
TO I C ^ f f t a ^nt^ * U 1 ^ 'Xi<i»v ^ ^Tft^
i f t ^ <«^Q<nQ"gjR ^ H t ? (Wire Striper)?

TO? ^'ra? t^^jr^m oi^nwi
^TO il^n? wi ^ I
TO I 'stw^ ^TOra csn^ c*m
mm TO 1 (?Tt ^N-iî^ ^ jwf^

w iwt t^^ym^ ît^ wi TO I
Contents
8^ I *rt^»r (Pipe W r e n c h ) S
*#?n TO 'fl^'v T t t T c ^ ^ T O i 4 ? ° v c<fHi TO I
8^^ 1 ^nmS (Gimlet)S
8VI •sSjr® to C ^ f ^ (Hand Drill
Machine)?
^ ^ drill CSJpt^ ^ TO I
8ii. I ? t ^ ^ 1^ (Rowal Tool)?
<>ilWl<] ^KKi (Ti'GTOf f|g
^\s¥Fi ^ W I ^^tni TO51
(?o I C5R:«5f (Spirit Level)?
:W! ?J<f^ ^ TO I
Contents
<?> I ^ ^pmr (Pully Puler)8
<t\\ "i^terqi^f^tTt^ (Electrician's
Knife)?
TO? t^3JW*R ' s t T W t 'Q C ^ ? .
I% f (Neon Tester)?
C
t^^?s^ ^ <i5l7g?I 'RT^
w^, 1 ^ cistra <^j<î^ w i TO I
<?8 I CB^ «1TH (Test Lamp)?
fft^-Mt^ ^ 'Tjrt ? m t ? w t
^ ^ T O i ^ ^ «)Rfs^vot f i m WIS m I
e<? I Î^^N t^W (Counter Sink)?
1^ ^ ?nf? t l ^ W ^?"s ^ C5j5' ?1

c?:® ? T O i ? ^ <f'i5î?i t^f?
^ T O I
I (^•tt^ (Scraper)?
?mt? TO I
Contents
(fK I t^^lCMHH ^ "UHtl ^Hexagonal

BCK Spanner):
?5K^, ? m i ? ?s?t ^ 1
<?V t dUltêlfillJH tAvometef)8
t^? m m TO^, C^TC^W 'Q Cgf¥ljB
^WI^ ^ ^sHTtPfS? tWll^ i f ^ - M ^ Wt<3

TO I
<?i> I (Megger)?
f^?f?t^^ f f t ^ WI ^ I *Rc=Tg
wm? ?iwi^ Tt^Tji ^ 1 'i^n-^'®
^ 0 1 %WlCS<^ f ^ T ^ ( F r e q u e n c y
«t5 SD 55
Meter)? iliiiilimli
••aoaaooDaaaa
c«nte? % T O # ff?^t w t TOi
fei I CS\^ f^fSl? (Volt Meter)?
Co\^ TO! , C^TOl'S'v C^'TIR?
33?p# ff?^f WI TO I
Contents
'b^l <iDtsrf*tSl^ 1*1*5M (Ampere
Meter)?
^1 «lrf?t^ (Watt Meter)?
bill's l^"?!? m\ C T O ? sTfo <3Tif5 'a
Jllf^cUiJ ft^sTO W 1 TO I
«j8 I 'iHtMf^T^ (Energy Meter)?
'srt'^ll^Rs, < ) 5 5 T O ^ 'Q RR-(;%*fi?R
i^j^ ^ ^ w tSRiU f f ^ i
1 ^ «iRlfi R ^ ? m t ? wi ^ TO I
(Tong Tester or clip on Test

meter)?
l<^^<' TO? ^t? 'Bi cB%1? Xl"^
^#5n 2<iijf«* TO^ 1^'^ W l TO I iflt
^smrat 'îtf ? 1 T O ii«?n TO i
Contents
^ I c5C4lf5|'BN ( T a c h o meter)?
^11 C>it^l'9l^ ^5rtTli?«r (Soldering

Sr«(4 tadkaiot. Spnd Mietrar.
Iron)?
$w<iinj4 ^ w:^, ?fpnt ? # T O ^
«RI (TTt^'v TOJet ? J ? ^ ?5?t ^5t?1
«fR^ I
^vi *fT«imf ^ F J t ^ (Power
F a c t o r Meter)?
^nt? R ^ W T 5 t ? l TO I
I C5^ (Test B o a r d ) ?
tw WI csrf^, î?tT?m^ twti^
lo I (Growler)?
t W TO! «llWb|«<1 >Q^'R-3Ttf^, 3T$-3nf^

«anw^ W ITOI
Contents
ô
1i I PlWlW*( (Phase S e q u e n c e ) ?
W I TO I
' l ^ l C 5 T m § ^ ^ ^ (Soldering Unit)
mi^x ifi? ^ * T ^ T O ^timt w i TO
(Electric Power Drill M a c h i n e ) ?
Ha wi TO 1
'^S I (Tap)?
HllMillllMim
? ^ ^ T O i
'^f? I xsf^ v£I5 (Die & Stock)?
>^?5fg |5I>J I T l f ) ^«1?1 «
fStww ? T l t ^ 'ifr^ SRI
wi "5?! 'nti^ ^
^ ? ? , % ^ 3TTOT ^ M-^ I
Contents
^8, C#R5
H>b I .^*t ^sftTT (Grip Vice)8
^ ^ I t W Wl ^
'\'\ 1 "^JTS C ^ M ? ( H a n d Blower
(Electric) 8
^JtiW^K Csrf^t^ ( W i n d i n g
Machine)?
?RTPl £ ^ { ? ?5?rt ^ 1 1 f%fo^ «R151?

^Q-mtt^'s ? t T O môm TO I
Group removed trom form
( C o n n e c t i n g S c r e w Driver)8
-5?5f5 -m^ ^^3^1 t ^ ? mm
5R<p^, cg?5i? twil^ Screw driver. (Stanley Tools)
Vo 1 ^|^^*StHJB<}«1 C?l^ (Adjustable
Wrench)?
>ii$d'S?<^ liijmn^ « « t 3 «^^Gln TO i
Contents
Vb 1 ^ (SdssoiTS
(Stripping Tweezere)8
I*yt«i»w «ptTO • ( f ^ wT
)r^^ 1 C*fBf ( D i a l g a u g e ) « >il'5l.
Tsni tiJIWltîWHS (Alignment) W t a ^
35nsipsi ?I?3CRl ^ •'^t?! TOt I

.-,. ~ LI
—8
Contents
*tm< 8 -sifw TO i^'v ^ ^ TO ^ ?«75mn ?s%?r
«i<i-8lit«itt t m ^ 1 ^ a w ? ; m ^ (^) (n) i
( i ) c>nf*i* 'twt^ 8 c? im<R^ ^ ^ w i ^'vW ?#?m 'mxs <7it fwt^ ^ <?PH
MlÛalt'ef^, cm. ^f'n, ^ I
^ 8 1^%;® w tm^r TO, 'aKfOT? ai(:vsj<>nj ^ ^ ?s«rm rjiH •snsi i i f i t ^ ?s«rm
^ (Molecule) I a i c ^ ^ e p ^ TORs TFfTO^ 1??MTOI "s^^, ^ 1 W t Tifl^ tlS^,

(If -TtTR^ I ^n?l? aic«j<pnr 'q>«<prD •^M'J? 3 ^ ^ I
' m ' f ' J (Atom)
^ " 3 ? I p o ^ ( A t o m ) ^<3^ « t f ^ ^ " 3 ? ««f 1 ? ? m T O i 1 ^ B t f ^

' S i TO R( I -'nfsi? ^<3r^ «nf^ 3^^^ ««rt?^ RhjijHTOî 1 ^ îtogrc^
f^^-^po «lf ««tl®^ TOs R( I arosi^ 1»fK<fi<j ^ ^ f ^

ifeW*! TO I t W io'^xbo-'^'^^ (/l?»vtW C'S)m i>o-i'« (R? 1^g I
^î^T^ ^ (Electron theory)
PtScBiw^ Fi^ ^ I^ t 5 j i ^ ' W I 5w4(J3i«i!^«wi>i 'ii?i tw^.UatC'iti ai?R, 1^1^
Contents
^sj^ TO I ^ fC^Rl ^ CT^ (Shell) I CTt "^«?n«i « ^•rg[^^ TO I »«t
K. L. M. N. W t W I "^Jl I ai«Pl C>1»t ^1^, 1 ^ C P l L C® v1^, ^ft? M C®
bvft, 84 (?Pt M C5 »8^1^, (?m O C5 bV^^ « CTt PC® >rf& 5c*1«?c5H I
^ *fmc% lipji*^ nis? OTTOt
Hydroeen i»in
Heliam atom
b«ft (Wi^ «bsl^ t^SzSH TO I
Copper a l o n
Contents
(?wfl^ ^ cm ^ TO I ^ 'snw *Rnn«jji iwfl;* ^ c^m wt îr^s ^ I'l^
TOP ^ ^ 1 ^ tPi^Bbrt^ ?c»r I
2n2i.2n22.2n23.2n24
f?5i^?r^
vii?s^ Tst^ TO «tTO? c? ^ ^ vti^n* 1^<^ ?t tw^^tSPilTJ I t^<^ ^

aR5t? I W i ) % 1 ^ ,W ^ 5 r f ^ I
FT m w Tj^TO ^ W I ? n i i ?«iii-
( i ) ^^WWn;?.TO^ (A.C) ^BttlSt TO^ (D.C) I
(i) *I^HCHrB?, TO* (Alternating current)?

TO* 2 R l i ^ W t ? 'Pra 1 ^ ^ "xrs • 1 ^ ? ^ TO
'H^s srf^ "sipi^ ^ ^TO^t '5i%mwfk TO*
?c5n lilt TO* 0 ? ^ ' s i t T O a t ? l t ^ ^ 1
(i) «9lXw^ ^ t C ? * (Direct c u r r e n t ) ? TO*
ît«8 TO* I "flt TO* ^ csm W « R t f ^ ^ I
cw- ?n*if? TO* I
i 1 ^'A ^^^.m^'o ^tCVs- 11W HI 1 i 1 i 5 » r ^ ^ ^ « *i H55*M 1
8 1 5»l1^^sr5J^^»IWPPI
Contents
(E. M. F . & P. D.)
t f ^ ^ t f TO? ^«tT -$w<5i,cjaH 2i?tf5?5 4 R < w ^ (71, c?n^ sfwtn w t ^ ^ i T O t ™ f i t w t ! ^

<?pt^ ^ I t r o ^ ^ i ^ i (E.M.F) t . '^"^ ? w I ^ ^ t 5 K ^ ^sftTO 2?^j!%^ m '^j^r?!
?jf&if 1^??t ( M : ? 5 ? ^ t i ® fifsrw (71, c « i ^ ®<!.f3 ^ ^sTOP $c^<^_dStwin5« c?pt^ <r5t i

"•jjitJif ^<?f?t ( ? R 5 f ? •SR'^T c^lvi^jw f?faRn W I t . ' ^ ' q . '^"^ w t ira I ^ ? i i [ ^ «if^
afwit ?#?n c s R R ^ ' B ^ «rf??t^ TOi? "smii?#^ - f T O ^ ? # ? t t.i5"5i.iii"^ w t TOj 1
t , iflTj.iflTP 1^?:^ C 5 i ^ R ^ W t ti?5rtt W I w 1 ? ^ V ? t E arf1?5 ^ w
^ I tW <J<*,lf^<^ 1 3 W (^51% I t ^ K ^ CflT5 V W I Wt ^ I
tW<P<JalH (?R«t1^ - ^ t ^ ' n ^ r t k ^ 2Rlf^ ^ vs'JR ^mro^ ^l$i^<li«R13T ? S H ? * ? P T I
^snw tw<^(JjH " T O t ^ ^ t i ® (?Ri1k«? to ^ v ^ t ^ wiis^mm tot* wti
100
200
CÎC^BetX^SPlU (Voltage Unitse)J
i (f^s^CSl^) K V = b o o o V . bV = 7 — K V
i ( f ^ t e ^ ) m V = : — V. i V = booo m V
iooo
Contents
50
ioooooo
v. i V = i.oooôoo (iV.
t^lt*Be»X^Rc5< • l ^ ? r ^ ( C h a n g i n g of voltage u n i t s * )
8 * o V - o.8<HCV i KV" (toooV
i * V = i*ooo mV (too m V = o.<tV
- i*,ooo,ooo^,V 'i>io<t MV= o.oova*otf^V
(Electric Current)
TO^-ifl? *#sn«t« <:?Pr ^ I -siitij cikUhPijiw TO, ^ w u t tw^pflS*

TO* 2 R i f l ^ ^tc? I <flt ?5««n w fS?t%i "sn^ji ^
Hf-tw^ûSH TO,^ *iQ<ii)?
TO*
•sii^jj cm «Rif^ ^ I t c T ^ ^ B «RTJ5? ^ ^ aimt w t ^ , tw^z&c^
'ic'o ^«sc^ iQîDij "sri:«ij lii^ ^ ^ j t ^ 'anj str? TO* s R t f ^ ^ i <flt " t i ^ stm
vaxioi" f ^ / ( T O ^ I f t ^ t ? aril^ I Wt ^ I t i ? R 5 ^ TOR*? <J<^lQ-» > i r ^
ifln^rf^ I tro^ ' f ' N ^ f A m[ tî^w t ^ i wroi -ii^s^ 1 ^ -iirNPrni? « ^ n t ^
«iowPRn?i
iflRs "iimtei ( m A . ) = o.ooi liirpiRing ^ io-«A
iiOfi!
FREE I
ELECTRONS |
jiiSiiiyijfB
WIRE
Contents
oi
(Changing c u r r e n t units) S
v5<hnA = o.ov3<? A
o . i ^ < ? A = i^<? m A O A = 'i>,ooo,ooo | I A .
i^<? | I A = o.ooo),:i.<t A i ^ c f m A = i^<?,ooo | I A .
^ i5tcn (ii^s (iimPrai? ^ I ' t ^ ^ R ^ < M « * W îimPrat? 1 ^ if^^î w t m i ^^t

( i i m f ^ f»iiGw(.<f emc®? i ^ i ^ Tfoj^nn ? s % 5 ^ i , .
ELECTRONS MOVIMG IN A WIRE...
tOCMtlMMM
ALLSTARTATTHE SAME TIME
C?flt%m ([Resistancc)
•tlMtft? TO* sRifl>s "^'STO ^ iI^<iiD<i^TnTR wn ^*rt? ^ ^ ,
^*rn:^ R e s i s t a n c e It ^ , Itt^ l l W W ^ o 'o'^R ^ f%l^ •^«n
an« ^ I W I ^ ^ R ^ I l t ? t f TOI? £<1113(^4 a R l f t ^ ^fT l1??Tf
v o T ^ ^1_-'Rrsn«^^ t ^ T ^ ^ TO* s R i i ^ -^s} ^trra ^ ?#?n m:^ i i t t ^ i f TO? î-Tsrsn^l
m\ TOst 2<i3iR>4 wlsf^jM ? w I «ferSjMd<)i R m\ Wt ^ I ?J?^lf?^

iflWS « ^ (Q)t Wm:^ vftws ( m Q )« Î%aFf (|IQ)ii]?l >i<Cb« ? ^
^Ji?n « ^ ( K Q j « w n t ' s ^ (MQ) I «fe5jM(i<]i 1 ^ m\ "^-^ wt TO I
cm l ^ ^ l f f TO? ^ TO? 1?«? 2 ? W ^ "^r^ % n viPP i f l J T s i t ^ ?qis[*
st?Tf|)o ^ ^ i f ? ? ! ^ ? Mfe^JM ^ « ^ I
Contents
o^
^snw^ wrs»»Bj|«l (Ohmic Resistance)? ^ ?! ift^lft? TO AbltwB TO*
TO* sRlf^ WI ^ ^ « B t 5 j l * i tl'Q?!! ? l t ^ ^ 1
wRt»Bj|«l ^^f^T? ( R e s i s t a n c e Units)? i^lQ

ioooooo
iMil = iooooooil
wrsi>Bj|41 X'StntBil '»Q<^*\ (Changing R e s i s t a n c e units)?
vsCooo |Xi2 = o.ov!)' (t a ^Ml- ^•hoo,ooo j l Q
Mf2= ^.'too.ooo n ô,ooob. = o.â Mil
Contents
wf^>B4 (Resistor) 8 W cm TO ( 3 , «f^5jl«1 ««fT^ «{s,^Jl*t ?1«5l
%n:? ^ TO c?1^ ^ \
•iR'I^H'^ wf^>BtJ (Variable Resistor)? ' f l ^ ( 3 ^ ? I TOJ? «fei5j|*1 ^£1?
?iTOi ^ ? T O i TO I >\0di-A TO*w ^ ' ^ f e t w ^«n2n« ^ ?#Tn tok ' T T O J TO
C?f^5fBir (Regulators ^fl^ lôlfl I wf^5j|C*1<J ^ f^«t ^^#5n S?îj1%^
CîPfCT? aiWiejHiJVB W I TO I
^ W l »^ ^CbhiQ"s law)
m\if^m^ ^m"^ (George S i m o n Ohm) '^g CoV^,
TO* « wfe^JlC*!^ TO > i l ^ *rtf^t{%^ 3f«f^ ^ t e ^ I ^5T?t? TO S f ^ T O ^ (Ohm's
law) v£i^ JTr5j^«t W I ^ T O I
f%5? TI'JI^;^ ^ ' i 1 # ? 5 >iiô «Br5ilC*ifi © ^ T ^ l l l ^ I ( T h e c u r r e n t flowring i n a c i r c u i t
is directly p r o p o r t i o n a l to t h e applied voltage a n d inversely proportional to
the r e s i s t a n c e a s t e m p e r a t u r e is constant.) t T O « ^ ^£1^ ^ i >£I^ jjaj
mm ^^f??l U^fii^' 'ftf^-'ira »nf^!%^ t^TJÎsi colt^Bst, TO* « ( 3 f ^ ^ ? t f ^ W I TO I
I a V f§?lf? R TO,
I a ^ ?-«R t f M t ^ ^ TO? M i l ? tlaHsj V TO I

R
' V
I a ~ ? ^ l f ? ? I ^ C?[|it%JT91 ' R ' >£l?°s V ^ «fll^ ^
R
V
I = K - ( ^ T O K ^?<P ^??1I1)
R
•iJTO V= i.
R=i
^ K=W U t i I
—<t
Contents
(mr^ V = TO* (I) X (R) i 'i?.^ I
C»KrS5t (V)
TO* (I)= ^ ^ ^ 1
(R)
'=^^^^=TO*F
Best on Ohm's Laws
v2 „ - / p V p p J— p V v2
l^fs^ * r ? d t o ' 0 ^ - < i R i ^
DUiw^jmô V coi^ ^n^rft c^^?i ^ ,
?if5? w I TO*
îft^WS l i l ^ t ^ T ^ ^ tit? C<f^^Jl*i * o
•iiTO m:^-
^ I 'sre*ll \(io Cot^ Tl^nt
Contents
0(?
WeTH "5?!, ^RJ ^ tf^ (A)'siH? t ? ^ ' S T ^ ,

TO* "5^^ ^ ?Tli? W I
0511^ (V)
W f ^ ^ i h (R) " 'M,^
^TO- TO* (I)
A^8.0bi»A
«Wt (?m »fl?sf^ ^SM? 4>W4*1<J TO \oo
(MîW (R) - (?o'Q5?l51
c5i% »qjtf»rai? TO* « m ^tlPf
TO* I = ? TOi?RJ c?n*J ?t «Bt^Jl«i
c*R^«r (V)
'sit^Rn ^ TO* (I)
«ir«tti??(7rQ?nTOv- Aoo 05t*
I = <t <m\?^M\^
A tArprt^rai? I ffA
V ^
« *t??i «r?r^ ^jsnsFw (tan « ' b ^ ^ V = I x R ? l R = 7?t 8o n
I <t
«n!f8 8v!>o « ^ TO? <iR^ «l^5j|4*t5) TO
o.e tiJIlH?!? t^<^ 2l?T^ ^5tW ^T^^TO

TO* ^ ?tf^ w I
^ ^ 8 "SJW ' I ? ? ? ! ^ WlC-êt = V
•iTO Cti«?n TO'I = o.<? " ^ f f f P ^

4 ^ (?!«?n«^,
R=8boQI
^ C ^ f ^ ^ (R) = I
n?^'SR^ c a f e ^ (R) = ' j j ^ ^ « ^ I
^ ^ 8 ÔoV
TO:* I * o w = — = 8.iVA^8
i I boo a i-AMima TO ^v5o Fi*t a w ? s j ^ ii^«t TO* i
v5 I iooo'QTH^ ^ô C51* 5?t?nt to ?n5 TO* a R l f l ^
8 1 (too ^ ?it^ ^.ff .fijTP^ TO* 2r?Tf^ ^ : n t c ^ r ^ ?s^?
Contents
{Laws of R e s i s t a n c e )
f § ? t % « f ^ 5 j | « i R.i^L AT?!il. ^ ^ t i ? I wBf^lM R = (C?f)
>ilTO ( p rho) ^ ^ 1 TSfMt m) p 1 > ^ p ((31) %

^°>?iTn:^ «fKif^ (sJwtjH -m <a'^'^ tv.^ôo <?*ti5#^ c a ^ ^ ?1 c^ji^fÎon) i
i§?i%? (:5fli%ji^ f^^^l^>i?i<ra S i ? ^ € ? % T ^
i I i§?ifi? 3f^N? &Trf]? S i ? ^ ? ^ 1 ^ I i f ? ? t f csf^îB ariT?^?!? S i ?
S ^ 1 f f % ^ I vo I iQ^lD?) Wf^5jt*l imt«t? '©lI'Qll'f? S i ? ^ ( o ? % 5 1 8 I l f ^ ? l f ? WfSl^JW ^ 1
^Ji^n? Si? 1^€?%[ I
TO? A%i\ (Area) ? ^ «i^^JlC'»l5l i f ^ t W i ^ ^ ^ v£ll^ TO? Wl^SjIt*!^
if?^"^ (:?R ^ t t ^ I (?!TO1^-
CO^JDUCTORS WITH GREATJ ER CROSS-SECTION
HAVE
RESISTANCE
Contents
(Conductance or Conductivity)
WW TO fUm^s^ I t r o * ' G ' arft^ ^ wi ^ 1 4 w (V) csn ^<n"^
m*tf%¥ C?rr«r ^ C-nl^rf^ wl«»*Bil«l ^ a f ^ f ^ ^ (Specific Resistance or
ReslsUvity)8
•iiws ^srpT®^ c^TH ira<i^<j c?n«j?:^ c-îît^ c^f^tm ?(?i i tTO* p (Rho) m\ spm wi
R = p -
v£lTO?f^L= i , A = i ^ ^ ^ l ! ? I R = p W U t ^ t t ? l
^ t f ^ C51«} ?C5l I
TO I
p (cat) = « B f 5 j l * l I p = R -
pL RA
^'^?, A = v i I T v L = -p-
nd2
RS 5 ? TO? CâPW A =
Contents
^J5?IfvTOf¥P TO tmt^ «ll*I^W<J Cg^%ItW3 Si?, &!WJ? Si? <fI?^TORI Si? I
«lKlf^ C^^RI 4?s^ f^Mcm), 1 ^ ( M ) « >ntcW « ^

^'TO'Ts ^n?? ^ 1 ^ ^5f^?ift 'sm TO? dîfitf^fol^
p = o.'bllx io-«»J2(<3^)t1^l
^xit^«^8 f^.1«.^f t ^ W H ^ ' i l l t ^ f i r f ^ TO? a i ^ W ^.<? ?*f f^8 f^8 "il?^ S53? ioo
^C^l S ^ C<3fer5jl«i ?s^? t^Jl^j^f^TO? ' S T K l f ^ C^«J ^ > x i o - ^ J 2 f ^ )
vflTO cffs?n wic^,
A='^.<??^t^8f^8
A •^.e X i o - < » ? ^ 1^8
L = b o o f ^
P = ^ . VX i o - ' ^ I
PL ^.Vxbo-*^ Xioo
«W8 - f l ^ o . o i ? ^ (?rf*fttT? 2f?[TOf (?TT5J? TO? >>ot ^ ^ >i)?«v (?n^
C^?l?.?s i S X i o - ' ^ <?Tf*1^ ^ , ^ ^ 11^^
?s^ TO? = L 4 T O eft's?! TO,
RA
^5n5i?iwt^ R = P7
?t L = - p - A = 0 . 0 b ? ^ C^lPBPJuW, p = i S X i o - ^ J2Cm3
Contents
io<fXo.ob
R = )>o(t L=T
«r*t^cBteH 'Ttti?? ?IW» TO? a«l aif^ l^4*1tf»lUl<l ^<t « ^ 4?i ^ TO?
C<B?J5i«)l^ i.êxbo-^ «5?J 1 ^ -5^^ S^ TO? afWi WI
?sfl, TO? a i ^ W =A i i l ^ Cf!?1 TO,
«fPl?l^ R= - L = b f?sjmf^ « booo

A
?I A =
R
?! A= • R = v»? A = r
A= M.SiXio-l^?î^g
b1 2 k i n « I ^ ^srsn? TO? vbluifilUw o . ^ ft. ft. C"*tf5#?|s C ^ f ^ ^ b.«^ |IQ. c m . <m
««n1%^, S^ ^»!TO TO? wfit^Jl«l ^ ^5t^ ?!f^ W ?
v«TO p = b.SHiicm^. = b.SXbo-fe Q c m 3
L = •i, fts. ft*!? = ôoo ft^ = ^ 0 0 0 0 0 (?!. ft.
d = "bft. ft = o.fe (?l.ft.
PL nd2 3.14X(.b)^ ^
R =— A=— = : =a^V^*b ?n CT.ft.
8
b.SXbo-'^ôoooo
R = b.^ Q(Ohms)
Contents
8o c<rf5f^ %^r^©^jf«i '^î^
ii^rn?' L = •ôo ft&i? = ^0,000 (Ti.ft. R = ^ i Q
d = 0.088 CT.ft,
3.14X(.o88)^
A = = = i(?iI».'\<bXio-^^fsf&rai
4 8
pL RA i<?i5».'=l<ijX:î
R = — = p L = RA. p= — = i.(2-i»Wio-'i» ?I i.(?îb|iacm3
(Temperature coefficient of Resistance)
^ > \ ^ ^ vsTTsrw <J!vbi5c«i ?T <r-^!5c«i c ^ f i p t n ^ <^c< ?i ¥ ^ r ^ w Mler^ji^ twt^h:^ i ° c
^K^, j??r^îgilgjG_t;^K°i^^ tm?, « "STft^ t ^ s n t ^ v s i w i n "<ii\i>!5w
5(l<^<li1^<iJFt C S j f n ^ C?%§Tt^ >raT3# v51TslT3Tra St? 1^^^^ i «%^J!5i C^-^TO^
c^«!y'f>tcii'Bc<}» 'St^ * m ^srimFi (at W ! i5%\c w i ^ i ^TO=t^ * r r p ^ i "srrai O ' c
ift??! i?si ^%?T c ? r f e t r m R5 i o''c f®§t c^g csjg >a c&'totbi? ( ? ^ i r ? R F f e ? R ? ^
1 Ri-Ro
t,-u
/ 5 I ^ R i = Ro (1 + a o t , )
Contents
8i
^ I T O Ra = R o (1 + d o t a l
Ra l + Oota
t, >rsra «#?n ?#?! RI ^ i ^j?^ a(^%!m^ C 5 * T O T O crof^î^
ttit, 'fsra <f3?t^5ti?ll t Tsra »t?R ? 5 t o ^ s n S J ? CJi^^
Rt = R , I 1 +ttiU - t , ) l
t , = v5<?'*c (At ta = 8 o ° c fett <?I8
>i5 boQ "J?;?! I 'aRJ vjo^c («8
1 ^ CT8 («8 »^ TOn?ra cat^îpi ^

^ ?[f^ W I (Oo =-oo<?).
R a ~ l+(Xot2
0°c <?I8 (?J8 >i5 i f ^ C<ll^'2A*1 boo b+aoxv5<f

?1
boo.i<? i + a o X 8 o
R o ^ -
?1 (b +av5<?) boo-i<?f D +a8o) i o o

R, i+CXot,
?1 b o o - i C + Oo 0<?X b o o - b < ? = b o o + CXo
Ra b+Oota
8o X boo
bo i+o.oo<?Xb<? b.oH<?
?1 ôo-â + ôi-î = b P o + 8ooo
b+o.oo<?Xoo b.b<?o
?1 ôo-â — b o o = 8oo — ôd-î
b.bffo
^. b<?= 8^-H<?
R.. = X bo = i.o-4))»V U l ) ^ ^
b.oH<? ?1
^8 bo-4,J>V ( f i ) < 3 ^ ^ i ^ ? . CXo= O'Ooovoovs
R , = R o ( b +CXo t)
G2lS 4 b o o lilt's 8 o ° c 1 ^ ClîSSt!:®
R„ = •h\r.>><t
^ ^ < J C5f^^«I boo.beti ^
R25 = R o ( b + tto ^<^) s.v-^<? (i+
O . O O O O O O X ^H) = <45>.'tlj4^ (Si) "Q25?J3J I
?T%WI
^ 8 iJi-'bSiJi a («5?P() I
'RTSfH 8
• i i T O cî'GTn TO- •
Ri = b o o Q ^ ^ R2 b o o . i C
Contents
8ik
*il? W51
o.owkr
,-•5' O.OOOiilO
^.BbXbo-^ O.OOJX?
^.b-Xbo-* 0.00800
-•5
0.008'^
o.oood
i»Xbo-* " 5 ^ ^ b(?-,(?-Xio- O.OOOIj'=\
o.oo>M-
0.000^"=^
8 8 ^ t ? : ^ 8V, 0.0000be
•SJimfiTS;, 8 % HC<P1 8Vxbo--
boV.CJ-xbo-* o.ooob(?
bo-'*
<rfTO
8^ 8i»Xbo o . o o o o i ^^c^
0.00008
Contents
Si
T t f ^ ( E l e c t r i c a l Circuit!
'î mm ?5i?i (?m TO ?#?i ^ "^r^ ^

« n t e TO ^5TTO5 t ^ s P P ^ 5 T 0 ^ ?T^5^K^
(iO %5lt^,
2 3
4-
9^
(8) *ff^
((?) (?n® t
' s r ? ^ (JoW 'Tiff? I 7i«?n-
i 1 ^st'R 5Ttf^ (Open C i r c u i t ) .
^1 (^m ' f l f ^ (Closed Ciixiult).
vs I 3 T i ^ (Short Circuit),
C L O S E D CIRCUIT OPEN CIRCUIT SHORT CIRCUIT
> I >ec*rsi 'rtf^j tî^f^ cm ftf^ ?i cm « n t o s r r ^ t o TO
^ I (SFtW^ Ttf¥5g ^st? <s|Rfb^ 'ftf^ ' ^ t o TO ^5l^ aRT^ F t o TO,
îTOs ( S p m ^nf^ ^ c n i
*iiI^clJi^«tS^'»5i^ji¥'^Hii^^ 55]5t w iTOI
bI (Series Circuit), (^ 'Hf^^dParallel C i r c u i t ) , (o)

' n f ^ ( S e r i e s - P a r a l l e l Circuit) I
Contents
88 (?#R5 TW<^S<}>JM
WLEI^JW tjis^ I^RW f? «iw I "2

• A A A A A r - r — V W W —
^^F^ 'I°>E?I»t W I ^ 4?«s TO*

Vi- va V 3
SRRNS? 1 ^ TO, ^
? s t w l t Cold^Sr V = V , + V 2 + V 3
ftf V = IR, >li(^t,'G«J Wf^5ll«» I R = IR1+IR2+IR3
IR = I ( R l + R 2 + R 3 ) (Ss^ll^CflW I ? W f ^ )
R = Rl+R2+R3, 'STSîW R t = Ri+I^+R3 + Rn
Rr = R , + R j + R a + ••• ..-Rn
t^tflsr >itfûJ< 8 ( C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f S e r i e s C i cult)
s
(b)'qil^tS? TO*35P TO I _
(^ CvfB -^vk (drop) C6K%ce»?
V=v, + V 2 + V 3 + ..V„
«J«iKRT=R, + R 2 + R 3 + ...Rn
f j r f l l f >ilf¥ci3^ <1<K\<H (Use o f S e r i e s Cuxult)
^ I tsal^-^nif^ ? i i ^ 5NF?^ ? i ? ^ w i TO
8 1 ^nt^^T? ^gLg*tgi? îf^ g t g ^ ^
^m^n? ^ T 5 ? TO* 'il?l caf^tlfj^tf^ W ICTI^C 5 N ^ « aiWJ-*!^

C?FE5JR*ii5 '3rr;JT5NI^ C5ii?&S;SRF5I^<3 ?IT^ w 1 pn^N^g TO* 1 ^ e A »<8rwPPii? ^ )
-O o-
12 V
Contents
8ff
OTt? !l<lf^^j|-*t R T = Ri + R2 + R3
Rj = i^ + 0 + <t = i o Q ( « ^ )
^ ^ ? , ^mf^rB? ? n : ? * (I) = — = — = i . ^ A wii'ifiTO) I ^
CSr(^ ?f5f% (drop] I X R i =<J-x^ = ioVCoT%
^ ' T s T ? : ? , c«l(l^«ir ^ e n ^ R2 = <?x v5=i<? VCS^ R 3 = <?x<? = ^(tV(^
«Ivs;a<I, C5rf5 C«|C^CSt<1 V = V , + V 2 + V 3 = bo + =(2-o vC51^ I "Ss (J-ov
*frBrMFl-^>rTf^ d-arallel circuit)
2<Ji3jl^<|s ^Ttf^tS? <?TP5t}^ ?1 WfSr^Jl*! ^TiHTO ^ t W t l W l ^ I TO]? '-Q^. 5f|®-jfl<pf& f ^ f ^ f % = ^

' S i ^ m Sfm ^ ^?sf^ ^"vWm WT ^ ^TC?* SRfR:?? f <?l ;a?sTf*R5
???T I
^sft^^Mt^ c o T C ^ gfT?:^ ^Q?°vf?^ (•^m^Tvm

f?1%g 2f?ifl« ^?t?! 1
V V V
I
I = I , + I2 + I3 = _ + + —
Rj R2 R3
(V)
m'-^ (I) = z s z ^ z z , — = iîTO, V ^ T ? ^ (:«T?:%® laî r = i r r r n ^ > n f ^ ^ t t ^ I ^
c^Mtrm (R)
V V V V
«fsr^jm - = — + — ^ J T r t ® <:<?R:^ V. <n^ !
R Rj iyi R3
( ' ^ ]
=v + +
[Ri R2 R 3 J
Contents
Rx Rl R2 R 3 Rn
•limmHTtl^^'t^Pltj (Characteristics of Parallel c i r c u i t )
( i ) CSJI^ TO*, wf^5ilC*l5l TO % 1 3 R T f l ^ TO* 'flRl CT1*tWia 'TSIHI
(v3) 'ra-na «i^<i^5j csn^ «I^'bji«i ^st^g •[«?t^ 1 5 - 1 ? ^si^pfi? (?nnwra w 1

•UnrHH >llI¥cB< (Uses of Parallel Circuit)
i 15ii«n?«R5 «iMil*i* ? m » j c ^ ^psRsmîHm, ? w < i * n t c 5 « c ^ ^ r n i an? •in?m
Wl ^ TOs I^ f ^ t *IJWI*1I*1 Ttf^^ ^ TO I
i 1*iif$d"C5j ^*n? 5 t o c?Pi I

^ I 1^1^ ? l f ^ f ^ <*»JHC?I TO! te < Î
o I i T f i ^ ?if%«t^ ^ m\ ft?3«t w i ?m I
8 1 « £ r ^ ?Tf^ ^ cni?i ?if%t}l5i toi (?ni ^ i
(?! f^ttl^*ii(^cBi^ts*B3_si:sj—
4> I P^ >ilRîi;<TO* a i T O ? 'fl?^ I
' i I in?!?!?!'fit^ ^ « n ? c?Pr I

^ I i m m ^Tif^?^ ? t f ^ TOt 'sj^^nf
v3111mm ' t r f ^ 4?5Rj ^ <5N apf^^jif ^ ^sRjtig ? T f e « ^ ' T i s i f ^ TO TOn 1
81 iimHH itWfi (?n® ^ TO ft?i3«t ?5?tTOI
4> I iJWhl*! 'TITO? TO* a(?ns? <il?5lf^ i««t TO I
^S5it???^s taw^si?^ 3T#(i5? WFSI^JW fi'mK^ i , ^ «(?Q I S ^TO\ov CJ5i% ^ j n t

afont t f ^ « t TO* a R l f ^ .il??.atC®r^ Ml^§JlC*liJ " H ^ ^ TO* <il?»s'W^
«t«5jK?T% W l
I
20-V
Contents
Rj, .£1? TO TO* 'fl? l f ^ « I
II =
R2, wBi^Jl-H .£1? TO TO* v£)? »tf^«t
R3, «Bt'2jh v£i? ^ i « * «£ra f t ^ M
SAÔJWtel
f%j# csffs TO*
I = I, + I 2 + I 3 = + i o + 8 = V58A I VS8A
(V) ^t<?T, TOI* V58A «imPmT? I ^ ^ i * i ^ ^ * 1 J WfSjîl*! R = ^ ^ j ^ ° 08 " '
W^«t8 f ^ f ^ ^tsu cMm
mSKH O , ^ « iVft < 3 ^ .if
'rt^^ TO boA viUT^lPmi? TO* 2 R T f ^
?s?n ^,^ ^ i#tB? (?nt C5K*^ RT Rl Ra R3

til??. S I I I ' S I ^ ?5X5 TO* bo
^ — = - + - + —
^Stc? ^ ?Tfl? W I Rt O «5 bV bV bV
bv
'sr^'ii?, R = b.bli
10A. bo
CSJTS C o K ^ V = I X R = boxb.V = b V v
R j , «f^5jl*t-v£i^ TO TO* 2RTf5^ ^
I =
Contents
8b-
Ra, C?I^8l1^ «fl? TO TO* SRtfljS
TO* I - — - vscqmPmt?
^MS?[t R, = 6A. Ra = 3A, R g s l A
R3, cgf^SjT^ 4 ? TO TOf* a R i ^
f5lf?^-»tJt?HM T t ! ^ (Series-Parallel Circuit)
ft^-ijiîPiFi'nf^ ?j?T I o—I—\A/\^ MAA—f vMA"
cD o
CO
• w
1 > i I > I
II
>
o
u
> I
+
o (D
ro ,
t>#^-*liNI«lM >ll(¥tB<l
'I
I ( C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Serles-ParaUel Circuit)
()>) f>ft?^-1Jii5WM 5Ttf^t5 TO* P^ R-^JHf** % «?nf%W^£t?»v UWWl*! R'^JI*',^^ iRf
^n^t?i?ttî
(^) fta 'nRstS? C o K ^ f5rt^ R^Jl>i^\» S K I TilT^ ^^t^ ^?*v UWHM apif
(x3) ft3 Tfif^^ CS^^Tpl « MiWWW >ilf$C'i;55 £?Pt^ ^ I

Contents
8^
i I 'nf^^ ? i ? ^ ^ TO I
^ I ^p-pflS^ C s n ^ , .ilt 5 f t 1 ^ ? j ? ^ ^ TOs I
-/VWWV-
-WvV—»
• A W V W
-vvwvv-
^ ^ • n A « D -.£1? TO cn^^m = 8a
A 'Q B T O «let5jl-»l (lr+8) »
CsJltTO* *A, fi-Q C^f^tltCT? W i ^ T O * a R t % ^ 8Q,
ACD-'il? "'^'0 " T O * = — - =«iA. ':>5^?.«Q « * Q C^f^t? "514*0? PD = bX^ = ^ C5f% .
bW2 c?i^'%r^ ^ » 0 ? PD = bVXb = bVV

<?Q C a f ^ i J ? ^ » 0 ? PD = <tX8 = \oV
wfSf^Wsl ^*JI? PD = VX<t = 8oV
^WK4«t? to '5[°^ *ilf?ct;<l TO ôoV Cofj >r?R?t^ W l ^^4^ vif^TI^tB? TO ft ff^t
TO* 2f?tf^ ^ ?lf^ W 1
Contents
e#^8lW A F <iPR. E F I J WWW

I ^10^
R «0 ^ ^
boo
R, = - r - bS.^VQ
>ipR R l , F G « I ^ J l t » l ^ Pll^cat ^TCt
AF. E F <iW.FG <3^8nw?l C#f8j1*| — Q
1 b b «\ b
rfiîa, <ilt CSI^^W Ra. G B Caf^^nro ^
^®?n% Wl^5jlC«li5 ^ A F . E F , F G . DG ^ GB = + «o- *^ « ^ <£(^ ^FfSl^
' P l ^ Wl^^JlW? TO TO* Sl<^ — - «.»r8 .fffP^Rn? I <flt TO* GB
(sl^^nc^T01^s R i ^ ^tt^ I GB cg^§nc^ TO*-«ii^^

DG «(ij5jlC^? TO TO* lltC?
DG-iBl TO C o t i ^ *I^«t
DG = '
(toil
Contents
OOXO.VS - V«.«»^V 051*6
^PRm, DO eife^-»iRiTO*-«a?i*t^*t - - — i.«»iA<fln5ilî
W .'b^ V C51% S T J l ^ C a i ^ ^ A F . E F F G T O
^J5?IK FG-*iRI TO TO* -
. - . T O * F G = ^.b«A
AF erfliîtc^ TO* <iRi i ^ * ! - - b.»8 A<iimiPfiiRii
o.«»Â»iUWB5lWl
-8A
TOI*-«fl5 'rt^*t A F = b . * 8 A
EF = o.«Â
F G = ^.b(fA
30-n
DG = b.«lA
G B = O.V»A
" " " CB = 8 A
Contents
4^
^•J*rw? ^ ( K e r c h i e f s Laws)
3^254^ ^ TO W ITOI ?<!ft-(i) TOI* ? t t r ? ! * ^ (Kirchhof s c u r r e n t o f point l a w . o r

first law). (^) CSPT ?TColc^sr ^ ) ( K e r c h i e f s m e s h o r voltages law o r s e c o n d law) I
^ ^ ^ '5[«W TOI* ^s"Pn»t ^ TO! • —1L *
^ s I T O TO* ? t ITS* ^ I
Jiil^4l;«5 ? r N r t w t ^ 1 TO*I2 I4 ^ ? i ? n n ^ toj TO i£i?^ i i . I3

'il<R I 5 ^^H?* ^ I W t t TO TO! I TO* ^•OT*t TO TO I W i ^ TOT* I ^SflTO
TO! TO «l^ld = bb A ' i i m i t e i I
1 W ^ " ^ S cm ^«f?! ^ynf^stS^ d^tCêr V||'5f^<j OT«m ^ ^5R»tlt
^mf^5r5^ ^ ? r ! t i i ' t e i d ^ d s ; ^ OTtwi? ^ w T ^ ^ ^ 4 ? I ^ m ^ r c w ^ s j c m n ^ : 9 T t c s r d ^ ' s
?f5% (drop) W !TOI

C<lfsrîl*1, d r o l l s ? ? l f B l % •5!TTO d ? ^ I l ^ d ' i 5 < ! ' ^ ^ p n 'srf'P! ^ ^51TO d - f t l d ^ ^ " ? f 5 f ^ 1 ^
<J»!d<]d*<] 21TO?I to*!?s ^ ? T O r a ^ t ^ f f , ^ ^ t d ^ r d T O » ^ ^rf6% I W!?
to ifli^ " ^ ^ m t ^ d i i T O f ! ^ I d < l i ^ ^ M R,

i£l?fd2i ^ ? . " d m n W I ^ T O r ABCA t S ^ W f t 1 ^
m TO*-tC? ^51%^ (TTOl " ^ T O I
S i d ? T ^ ? 5 i ^ » t d w t l € t ? ^ s t r ? n t ? 5 t ^
ABCA = - I i R i - I 2 R 2 - I3R3 = 0
I i R i + I2R2 + I3R3 = 0
^ ? 3 7 n n w i " ^ t i f d ^ I ^ ? F ! ? * f d w l^-a ^ a r d ? n » t ? # ? n
A B C D M A ^ s n ^ t t t , - I j R i + I2 R2 + . V i + I3R3
-V2 = 0
Contents
4*0
? ! I i R i - l 2 R 2 - V i - l 3 R 3 + V2 = 0
^ I T O ft^'Tlf^ "5^4^ l l t -
V - i|ri = 0 -iJ^'v ^ o - V = 0
<i!?i ÎMC*^ 1 ^ "W I

W^«tj f^'-^ ?s?t
î?^wn;^?nd^ ?ifi? w i
2 - ^ + -
ABDA^Tlf^"5t^
IQx + 4 0 z - 2 ( t y = 0
^ S ^ »i0a;5j TO* X, ?l X + 4 z - 2 y = 0 (y) (S»5?l * W
atmn ^strsj^ «nt- boig!?1^?5i^)
BCDB'Hf^'^tC®
- ^ x - - ^ x + b.(? - •^x + b.<? =0 30(x-z) - 15(y+z) - 40z=0
?1, 30x-30z-15y-15z-40z = 0
?1. 3 0 x - 1 5 y - 8 5 z = 0
b.<?
?t, 6 x - 3 y - 1 7 z = 0 W (So? •f^
TO* cnff5)
^|o.^(?A. ABCEA^fif^^ti::®
box + vso (x-z) = 2
? ! , box + vsox- \5oz = 2
?!, 8ox-\3oz = 2
?t, 8 x - vsz = . 2 io) (So?

•f^ bo ^ oit ? # ? ! )
Contents
48-
^1 ^ ^ f i s ^ T ^ ^ A B f t t P i ? 0 5 n ^ \ g 1
A m\ ««f w T ? f ? tot ??to
« x - ^ + i ^ =0 (8)
-i^-'4jy-«8z = 0 (<?)
+ +
- S»x + 8te = 0 fe)
>i^W«lC4 8 ?|?n 'OI W t ? f ? CTt*t 4Qc\»
itf^l? ' 8 f « ^ -^Pllirt ^ to

- v«« + iWz = o
Mesh C A B E C ; ( i o + i o ) x + «!j (x + y)
« i8o
X i o o - ii.8«i»inA
b<W
?t ôx + +'Jjy » i 8 o
(.«. z ICetlô «fl?t> *lW4*tJ 'BfJ^
?t. ^'!jx + 'by= i 8 o (i)
Mesh DABED. tfy + (x+y) -S»o
tfy + 4K+ 4y » ^
«a+iiy«^
^ ^ ' f f t w i ^5t^ b ?T§tw«t tot
+ «sy = i 8 o
'Ja+ biy « ^
^«3x-4y = * o
8x-y - i o .....
Contents
cm ? 5 l ^ 'siprat i T t ,
88x+biy=iio
'4K+ i i y »J>o
' 8 Amps.
*3
8x-y=bo.. h)
b'ia - y = bo
.-. y = b ' b - b o " ' b
y=
A B «nt4^ C 5 1 ^ ^lfEf% ( X + y) = 'bis

+ lb) - b o x = 'bo VS}rfi
» b 8 o X 8 + ioX'b
Power of s o u r c e s = *'bo + * 8 o =
bboo «?llS (8)
ciits m ^ ?if^
( 8 ) ^ (ô)^ + X * + box
= b«>X ô + vsb X <? + boo X 'b
= vaô + blro + 'booo
= bboo«?n^... .(<?) D B
^TOfT! J^tUC^H %m ftlo^ TO?
«t^5ji-»i *iBil4ivs to ' i ; ^ 3itf?^ (?fy8?n TO x+y

s^ 'nf^-'ii? BD 1 ^ ' ^ ? N B ^'••y
^tC® D ^ TO Wlij^Jl*! ?lf|? W I
Contents
E L E C T R I C A L C O N D U C T O R & I N S U L A T O R
^W<lilj|'*il«i • i f ^ ( E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t o r s ) § ^ ^ W<I^m ^ t t o s l i J ^ s ^ -^td^
W T O csmt w ^t?n TO 1 ^ n i ? * 'san î1??Tf ?jt?=^ ^./^"q
TO*-*^^îtMif I Gim^ itt?itt S H ^ , « c ^ ^ T i m ? ? w ^ ^ ® i t o ?
c? imd^N "sj*!! % i vof^ 2 R T % 5 " 5 t d ^ ^TO ^ f ! ^ ^ ^ ôiTO i l ? ? i f ?(?r I t d ^ r ^ ^ T O
(>) ^ - t 1 t ? # ( G o o d c o n d u c t o r ) , (^) ( ? ! f s i - 1 ^ ? I ^ ( S e m i - c o n d u c t o r ) . (^5) « f - f 1 ? ? r f t t , ^ -
lt??!tf ( B a dc o n d u c t o r ) I •
(Tj *rrf? fen 5w<^t^<^jf5T S?.^! ^ T O ^ f t J ^ ^ " ^ ^ i ^ t o j TO ^sto^
^ i t ? ? i f t ^d^f I c w ? - ^ , ? i n t , ^ j T ^ j f t f % m , W I , fivs^f, cm\, to^, # m , ?rf»s c ^ t r i , t r r f ^ ,
W F ? , ?5j#TO; - s n r m f ^ , tnlU-^^^b <3 i m i
(71 ifTp "si«(T fen td^r^^îm S<^^ m i p t TO i T?t« " i ^ ^ ^ ? t « f m T « ^ ^
«nf? "51*17 fen 5w<^l|-*iW ^ I W R i ? ^TOf TO'JTt ^-l^ff^ ^

^•33(:°ii;<j ^ i (7rsR-"5n(:#^ i f « i ? , toi?, <ijic4=iitG, f N " s i # , g t s i t « m , '©wt ^ i w , ^
« lilJFfWS^, liirtlTOft^ « ' # f W tWlf^ I
?i*rT (Silver)
-m wm î^^rfi i TO i1w?ff i ^ \ ^m, torn cwi
TOT^H ^ t ? l TO51 ^ * H ^ IJ'W f^pS^ ^ f ^ T O ?R!5H ^[t?l TO I ^fTO ^sRi?? IllWt,
^*ft? (Copper)
?lfpt>3 ^1T?I TO ? R ^ , ^«ITf^ ^ t d ^ R s l l W l ^ f H ^ f f f f^^ni? ? T ^ ^ I^ = t ,
I J i r a "ST^t ' i t ^ < l l j i ^ - I T ^ ^FFllTrt TO, ^'T^SZWt ( ? l W l f l ^ W l TO 'il?°v " ^ ^ T ? ^ ^ | *IHjfiiC<}>
Contents
«sitRi<«riPh. t^(?i*R m 'Q^îm Wm'Q-fmrn \ m 'sm^^^ -m^'cm

^ TO I TO? ^ r t ^^ I « '-^-^r^
*lvllJKil aif% ?»f PlPlftUlW ^<?.v3 'S 8 ^ . ^ c^ I ?5ni? TO? "^nr?
TO? bi% -iit ?5»fi?, \5T?, ? f ^ , c?f53j fi«f, ^ , r [ t f - ^ n t f , |p#?i? t ^ n t o ?r<;^5
^ t ? l TO I ^ ^ ' S F n H CWTQ ? I ? 5 I ? ^ TO51
(Aluminium)
viui4lftR«isj * f i ? t t cs^ «nti?f ? T ? ^ ?5?t ^ TO I w R i «rr5? i

.iui*lPjR«iWij TO ftsf 2n:?»f ?5?it?t »tf^ ^ ?s?i ^ TO51 ^tm^ ^ t i ?
4?it
TOi? ^ t e .iffHfttoi TO? f f l m ^ >bb% I c5#r5i ^^Fwt 8 < ? % « v s o % I ^-^t ^tte^^-
^n?TO?^to TO? i.»i38 -©I a r ^ p ^ c ^ W i I <i)iP2ftfem5 ^115? c^J'iP-'ST
art? H<?% .ii??, '<?^ T s r p f ^«n? TO? W I I ^ f i ? TOI? frsi ^ s n f e

"ioi^fttoi TO? a i ^ w c^^RW ? i ^ § t e I .fliHftferni "©Hc^ ^5(1^ ^gsjtc®
fêt t^jzsm ^ mtm ^ I tfliHP^ csrfs? 'Q?tt%"v Â??. ôj^^HI ^ml^'-. mt,
<m\(.<^ ? j ? ^ ?s?i ^ TO51
« (Iron and Steel)

mm <3 <Hî<j %sn?^ I ^ w ^ l i ?nd^ ? j ? ^ ^ t ? i «iK^ i t r o ^ M i ' j
^ ^ (?rRt .i3?»s fl^r « o i ? sntd^ f f t ? ! ^ f i T O ? j ? ^ ^ TO I c w i - f^. '^l?^
'!mst??5 ^ I \5tt 'Got? ?Tt<?i *TT<^ 'G?ri?' 'Q •c§-'Q?n? t i r o ? i ? ^ ^ t «4ic^ I
^'Q TO?5T (Malleable) f ^ . m mm^^ m^X ^ ^^xm f ^ T O ? J ? ^ "5?^ TO i
• f ^ jptB f t ^ (Copper Clad Steel)

•ilt ? ? ? ^ TO? S*fd? ? s T O ? atis^l <?!«?1 ^ I mB ^ TO^ tt?5K^ *fBl i t ^ I
' H T O i ^ sm 'Qoi? ^nt?^ ^x « ? j i ? >ii??, ntt «?it? t l T O ' « ? i ? ^ ^ «nc^
:#|g1îirt^-IFm (Alumlniuin Clad Steel

TO[? S f ? .ifft^jftfertw? aKsfi cii«-?n ^ i m!<i TO^ SI? ^#51 ^TK ""Î ^^^K
TO? 1 % P I ^ ?t^§lt?1 <?!? I t ^ ' S 'Qot? nit ' G " ^ ? 1 ? T ? ^ '^'l^ i

7 f t s r t ? e r ' ^ ^ I C 5 T * f : ^ « n f ( C o m m o n i n s u l a t i n g materials)
^rft^ (Mica) 8 t ^ ?tfI t ^ ^ W t T O ? t T O H ^ ? ! ? ! ? I t T O "^^^ '^'f^";-^ '
vCp.rsCHi'Q <i<ii\< W t :5t?1 i - .
Contents
•srf^ ' r f ^ (Mica nite) % t^^ ^ n t ^ I 1 ^ ^ i P ^ ^HTi? ^ T^tt^H &5Tn§
srm (Glass) 8 t i i i 4 * i n ; « > •w^ i t^j ' s ^ i w »nt4?^ fi?nw ^
TO I stt^ ^ 1 « i r m ^ ^ ^tr® ^smfl w t ^ TO i t^j -i^^m «
fNTSrtf& (Porcelain) 8 t^J « ^ (35® T t t w ? t ^ 5 J ^ , C ^ l ^ , ^ «fl?^#S % t 4 ? Q

^ T O l
^rw?i8 ^ «iRt>^5n^ ^ ^ >5t?f{ ^ i wm (?m (v. i. r ) fe. 'snt. 'sn?!.
t^jd^TO & 5 ? i t I iiit (V. I. R) 1%. « n t . t^ywH. m ^mx (m^^

TO^-*^ ^'ft??? I
(Paper) 8 ' 5 1 ^ ^ t^yWH I ?n»TOs TO*!""^ 5*y4*l*H ? r ? ^ Wt
^l^^'RCSI^ (Rosin) &a45I?I TO ?nnsf « I ^ t 1 ^ W H ^ I ^nro
WI ^ I ^ oTf%ra 2n?if <?m\ ^ I ?si»TOs ^sjiiiPiUw ^ i ? f ^ w i -^tiPT i m i f ^ c r o ? TO
ft[^WT!??l^l
^ « C5*rsr (Cotton a n d silk) 8 tÔ 'MIWIJH «?nt%«>TO? S i ? '5rt??et f i T O ?r?Rg? ^
TO I C ? ^ - ^ ^[t^«f ( s . C. C) "m, W l ^ ^5f|??«t, (D. C. C.) ^ .il?t.^?S»f
^lK?«t ( S . S . C.) tsnf^ I «flJTsif^ C5l, C5l, ^rt^fl?nt^ C5l (adheslne) tWtf^ ?*=^ ( > I
t'gjZ'PR, ^4?l* « ' Q S t t f ^ i T O f ? I ? ^ ^ TO I
^JlW«1l'5jJ (BakeUte) 8 ^jR^ltU <Rpf^ W n f ? ? S / ^ I CW#?s gsisnfl ^ I
.ilt •4Jt4<Mt$i; m\ tW^^nS^'il*! t ^ t W d * ? C?W .il?«S C?t^ 2 ® ? # W I ^ TOP I ^ ^

td^RS^TO rbott^l'Q Wl TO* I <7J^- C S J t ^ / ^ , «JTr*t 'Q?Pt 'Td'^,
(am « t t i t I
tiMUlX* (Polyvinyle Chloride) (P. V. C.) 8 « n t ? 5 :5t4® J^TlTtl I

TO? ^fT??^, tttiwn;?. S t o ^ 8 ^JKCItj f t e f i T O ? J ? ^ "5t?t TO I t^. t o . •Pr. S ^ ( S l ^ ^
ir^, ^ « n g ^ , caig^, C ^ R ^ J H « wt^'?n ^î® ^ ? ^ ?sc5i 1%. « n t . m
t*y W1W5J ira^^C^s "^J<5.W w t ?T? I
*i|>tW»B>l (Asbestos) 8 ^ *mi<t I C?^?!, (?n-Co1l^ iJlPJ-^H C?t^îl?«vTO#
U T O " i T O ^ ? i ? ^ W l "^t?! TO I <AH(.<^^ m 1 ? ^ wi?it? ^n?5i U T O ^ S ? I ? ^ ? ^ "^t?!
TO I ^ ^ . i T O ^ ^ 1 4 ^ ^ ' P i . ira<ilD< f l T O « ? I ? ^ ^ TO51
(Oil) 8 ^ t w * H %m? ? j ? ^ ^ 1 ^Tpfwn?, 'nf^t <:5<m « ^ c o t ( ^
?5im(:^ ? t t ^ ^ ? T ? ^ w t " ^ TO I ^ tci4ila<pjw >iinit?f^-«i» t r o ^ ^ '
%n4?^ ? i ? ^^ 1 '
Contents
? s ^ , ? s m , 1m, c a r r o i , ^ p. v , c . t^snf^
? 5 ^ , ' ?si»t<s, 2 ^ , 's ^ 5 i t o Sfi,ig 1
TO? i!TO^, TO^^. '(?Tfjf^1^ ^ 11^5® W I

mi} •\ ' , • , J,
jTR, T^^m, ^mcf^, • s r t t ^ ^ " v a ^ffi^ ftfB^ fm«t i

B
*W<tl
H mrc^ cwi- i ^ r f ^ ^ t ! ^ 'ii?^ 'mti"^ to«f cw?-
i t t m , c * r t ? ^ i * ! , jm?« twii^
( W i r e s s a n d Cables)
»n«n?«t^ ^5i?c^ i j ^ ^ t Wl'5? I
i I TtTOet^l? "?I'QTirl?, (Wire) I
^ I?^?t ?irf?5T (Cable) I '
t-°lJ4^*t^ f^t?1 ^ T O * f ^ TOff^- ^ ?t C'ilt mTO*<k'i'^\^

tj^<iDi<fi ^ ?dgi i
C^FRf (Core) 8 'fl?' ?1 ^£l?sif*(?s CWIÎCHI ^Sl?!!;^ 1T!?T i i7m ^^fWi-, C^- ^'^
cm, cm, cm, tt^'cm ^ cm t^.^ trc? t ^ "jn
îTt?»T (Cable) S t-'Î^W^ ^ iir?|s C'^lt C«!^1?H& C?1*t TO*, ?<iSWlf tf^-qtî*
?8^?t?5im?FT!
Contents
fitd^ ^ lii^vTOPra ^ TO I < ? i ^ - b.<?, ^.<t, 8 . 4 ) , i o , b^, ^<t,
> i t « f m « r ^ ( G e n e r a l Wire)
to ^ « TOTO ^5it^ i^rPRrai W l

b I Pi. 1%. ft (P.V.C) ( l ^ l j o ^ <3PT3lt^) ^ I (Polyvinyle cloride) wire.
i ^ . Wit. "Bmi (V.I.R) ('6«1<^Hltst6 t 1 ^ ? M g ) ^ I (Vulcanized i n d e a R u b b e r ) wire.
* I ft. 1^. oq:?! (C.T.S) v T O ^TJII? % ' ^ ) ^ I (Cab tyre s h e a t h e d ) wire
8 115. «n?. .iW ( T . R S ) (trip ^«t®) I fTough R u b b e r s h e a t h e d ) wire,
e I ^ I (Lead s h e a t h e d wire.)
^ I 'Q^?R1? 2?3P ^ I ( W e a t h e r proof wire.)
°i I Q^Bk^ ^ I { Flexible wire.)
VI t*liC«1i.'I3vb ^ i P l a s t i c i n s u l a t e d wire.
^ I tSd^'Pl ^ ( E u r e k a wire)
i o I n(tl2Fp5 (Nichrome wire)
i b I ^'TO «ilTO?T ^ ( S u p p e r e n a m e l e d wire)
(Cable)
b I PI. t « . ft TO^ ( P . V. C cable) I
^ I^. ^ TO^ (V. I. R cable) I
v3 I ft. 15. TO^r (C. T . S cable) I
8 1 ^ ^ ? ! wTfl (Lead s h e a t h e d cabler) I
a i t*jJW4i;^ ^ wt? TO^ ( P a p e r m s u l a t e d lead covered c a b l e ) I
o ! 2ftt%^ f>ip?fl^ W?5T (Plastic i n s u k i t e d cable) I
•n i oTH^T C^T#?5 (Vemish c a m b r i k cable) I
R ^ TO (V. 1. R)8 i o . srtt. «n? S t ? .a?5 ?t ^n^^ W fSlTOl ?t?t?a? wi??t

Cff«?I TO 1 51???!^ O o R ^ I ^ S t ? ^ € ? TO? Sta t*yi.*t*iH ^ I ^
I-
?|f}-^fR^ ^GW#?, 'G P r a ^ ^ 5 1 1 ^ -^TJâ ? I ? ^ 1 "5t?t TO I
Contents
R fe. ^ (P. V. c) ? fW%5=nt^ o q g t e ^ >f°^s^1 PI. 1«. ft ?i?n tô tK^?nf%?s wrii? Pi.
ft ^ I n?T} ^ ^ TOI 'sriTO ^ î?t ^ ?mi t%. wtt. mTO?
5*J4*1*1 C-îJ Fitc^ Pt. ft TO? t=^JOT^ 1? *RF I PI. 1%. ft ^ c?Pi ^ wi?*ti? ? i ? ^
W ! TO ^ I ?5t?t,. c:?Pf TO? t-^WR ^Fl15?1 TO I ^ ^ ^ 1 t?xi ^5?, ' f l ^
^nit%ds ?! ^pnwi ?i%c® ? r ? ^ ?5?i ?tti:? ^ i iît TO? ^ ?t|l-'sn3? «?ji1li « Pia ?^^f!TO
«?TTt?'v.a? ?sid^ w<m ^ TOI ftm-c^, ^-c?n? (s^ ^-^xî-cm, (?m-(?m^
cm^ra m ^ ^ t ? i TO I
1%. 1^. iflsr i£l?^ f t . TO. (C. T ; S A n d T . R . S)8 W t l 5!TO ^5^5 « ?1?1? ^«t^,
?T|)? «?rt1^?r4? ? m ? ?»?1 ^ TO i '"flt TO? ? T O ? 'srt??'! ?1 X5!«t ?^: ? s t o

TO «^ ^ft's ?ift ? ^ <pfe5 TO 115. 'sn?. .iiT^. ^ 3T!jn?«f« ftm-ian?, j^t^^-c^,
^t5!-C^ I5t?1 TO I C ^ « f t ?R1? m\ WTfS ?s?! TO I C t t ?r?Rj? ^1l?t
? s ? t "35? I .ilt W i R ? ?5'<R« ?5'«R'Q Tftf^ ^•>j?!tt? W!?*!!? <i<k!i< ?5?t
TOl
m5 ^ « f 5 15. «n?. TO? I ft^ 4 t TO? S*f? «^ i%??i 5???s? ?!?!
TOifes ? ^ TO I -i^t <?!?i? ^ ?Tf5! ^ wT?^>s?i «ii?s> ? ? ^ *i1%^ mm^

^ TO I ^ "Q ^TO«I TO? S t ? (?iis? wi??«t TO I ? t T O ?5|d?* ^
t^ft! ^ ? 5 t o TO I ^ ^ C^TO ^'Q?!? 'TÎ?^ TO, <?!TOt 'ilt ^ ? r ? ^ ^
•5t?lTOi-,
«^:Wt? e}5^ %Ti'?'STf^^s?! 2pTF ^ :si!^
•ijt TOI? S t ? men ? T O ? t^j^?TO •A'^x t ^ ^ t d ^ l?fi "iit ^ 'fjn^si?^ _

?^?#?nTOi
OF^ft^ ^ 8 ^f?^ ^51?W ORsfyRî xsf^ ^n:?! I t ^ >|^C^t CSTtTOI ? t ? 1 «flt TOI?
Si? 1%s^ ?t?T? "Si^ p i . ^ . f t (Tins?! TO I
X^w«}>i ^ 8 t i ? ? ^ ^ c^l^%!=»i sôinl?? ?nw ts«<!>i m ?i?5]? ^ TO I .
HlXd^lil ^ 8 ^ t S<!,tTO? C W ! ^ntl?5n? ^ ? T ? ^ Wl 1 ^ TO I CW?- f5l?, 'QfCoSI «
C5!^t5j!l^l . • >
'
^'tt? «iiTO^ ^ 8 ^ t i ? TOI fe?i1?? c w i ? T ? ^ "s^t?! TO I < ? i ^
c«ftTO?"dtf^ ?^ c'^ft 1?!^ TO? c?^
Contents
i r t e t i T O t TO l a ^ i V t - ^ l J i ^ i ^ v b i w â^s ^ (c«ft) TO? F t t : ^ ?^ 1?t^ TO ?m?
I ?^ t?rf5^ TO? ^ i ? t t t ? « ^^^^ ^ I
0 1 i£|?5 C'^ft W5i|t ^ (:5!5?TttlR?!^TO? W t «Ti5Tn?ft(:^ TOV"^
?!S«R« ?5"pn??? ? W 5 l f ^ TO ^ I
8 I ? I 5 C«lt 1 ^ TOI? t r o * ! ^ 15 ^^'^^ ^ ' '
? 5 w'tt?PitTO?TO2^^TO(>.?T^?5n;TOs^liTî^^-^ywiU^?s%rt?n:t
TO? «nS^ TOPT) I
^ « TOW? TO *rt<?!j
b I "^tm Sf? t ^ T O ttft'E® TO, wi?i? '^-'Q «in%^ TO I ? s T m -ii? S t ? wut
^ I ^ ^«n?«M ?s;si ?nd?* at^t ^ s t o TO I 1 ^ ? 5 7 ( ^ ^^^FTJTi^T^pîi:? ^ ?^'?sto

TOl •
vs I ^TO«t^ «v51? ' i t o , t t t , C5rf5?, t T O T O i£l?t Wl?5TnTO5 ? J ? ^ ?5?1 I5t?t
TOl ?sjt?t7nTO«t^wm?4iSs<3'8oi«jc^^gnt6^tn:î
< ^ (Cables)
TO^Tc^ ' Q ' ' t ^ 'si^?ift î^n ?s?t TO I (?s) <s^mm ?sTm, cî) ariS®.
( ^ ) tflfwt»T * j M « i § 'iil??!^ ? s i m < ^ *ittw<5 c«iKf wmtt? <i<n.\< ?5?i TO I
W I ? F | j ^ f ^ b ! | f < S « R ^^Tt^.imtW^S ? I ? ^ ?s?t -^t?! TOs I ii)t -^l^?!^ 1 % 5 = ! ^ t ?s?rt

TOl ?tT-
b I m (V. 1. R) ? s j m I
^ I P(. 1 % . ft (P. V . C ) W ? « 7 I
•O I "^Pr^ C4W|1<' (V. C) ? T O t I •
t%. 'srft. ^ i^?! Pt. ft ?sTt?^ stmt ? t f t d ? 5 5 W ® f <J<J^1vj|l<ii w ^ < 3 ?sTt ^ ' l ^TO«t^ ?!%?? «
f«>^«<J tSti?S*f?( >ilf^{.>i^ ? T ? ^ ^ t ? t TO51
Contents
t W ^ S w R t^?T% « ^'^
("T) fift^ ? w J t«*,Qj*ji*i ^ ?#?Bi ^ ^ % tîTn. <?i ^ ^
^51TO TO? «nS^ ? W t ?d?I t TOf llîn? 5T?R?t5,« ISI|R5»H ??^?t? ?I?^ ^
TO I at«n^8 ^ ? f f ^ S t ? ^ ? # 5 n ' s n ^ atts^ ? 5 i m 5RI ^ i t^ywiw^j S t ? i«f% ? s ^
iJtS^ 4JM*i4-* ^ TO ^ ?s?t ?T? I ?tt-
i I c»iti? t r o ^ (î^ (P-1- L- c ) .
^ I ?nit?s t^jw® ? s i m (P. V. c ) I
cttt? t r o ^ wt?T? ^ TO « i t ?5?i ?i? I ?«n- ( i ) 'ift® « m i ? trtt i
c? ?sjTO? TO ^ «j5^ c?t«j ? # ? t ? .ii??. w-iwfj S^Hil^* ^ t ^ ^SF^
<}1^1WW ? I ? ^ TO ^ I 'R?SITTO5 1 ^ * f ^ » r ? 5 n ? 5 { ? W l 'Sit?!? C? -*JHW«5 S t ? i5lt
afmt ?s%lt t T O ' ^ c ^ * } ? 5 Wli[? ^ 5 T ^ caW? 1^*t?ijm?d5Ti ' ^ s 'BTtt
••J1<1*1C* WT?1? ^ TO « I t W l ?T? I
?«f(-(i) C ? ^ 'iltS 5ltt (va) <£m, m ((S.L.) 5ltt (8) ^f. <i)9? ( H. S . L.) 5ttt I
csRt? 5 t t t ?>iHtw wt?i? TO ^ t Wl ?m, ? t i -
i I ?S5f o l ^ T O f ^ S ^ t I 1 C T ? F K t ? ? s j m (vo)?f|s^tJtl7i?FKt??sjt?f I
3#t\5 5ltt ?5im KV t W ColC^tSi ?I?53? ^t?1 TOl ^ ^fe C«lC%C«f^ StCa
•5td?t GHRt? 5ttt ? s i m ? J ? ^ w t ^ TO 1
i i t)^?tf «c?pi? I cTO? St?fent*t!t*i*iW5j wt??t I

vs I ?r®? Wf??«t 1 8 I C?fe?.L<?l WT^'vl
(b) * t f ? ? t f f « s afC!oj^ c«it^ t§?t^ ?5rt ^ I wf?T? w^'sft i£i-<^ CTO?
^ •5?JI -i!t (?Pl?ote tî5jl?mTO! *[t"^ Wl TOl 'ilt C^t?©^ W?df?TOITO TO 1 4Jl<W^
•xid«u îpp ?i .ii^^tf^ «nf%?5 tR:^ I
"^*[jc«1«tcs^ TO?«r 8 otf t^jm^ I^TO tfg?tf? St? ?j?^ ^ TO I
<>jMW? coldest si^?lfl TOdf? St? t^5^f^ OT'G?! TO I ^ CTO? TO ^-t^Rri^^
?MtC^^(?f m t^^Jd?i*R ? I ? ^ ^^to "5t^ I
( o ) «ft^ TO?*r 8 <j>JMct<j St? 'sft??«t cifs?t ^ I ^ t , ? s n ? ^ st?-?iTO <iiRw<j wi?rs«
^?t^^tc§i
( 8 ) c?f%^ 8 'S[t???#St? c? tic5? ^ c ^ TO mm c?1^?, ?i?i 1 .at c?fe*v cut 'sifs
«n?ro "^td® 4'JHIC* ? ^ ^î?I TO I '
^ B l t ^ ^ 8 4>J|<W<] St? Wt^°v Ctfsm I ?sl?^, ? ? ? ^ ?1 C5lS ^td® TOfC^ ? ^
wt? ^ s oi'QTn "5? I
Contents
(wire Gauge and Micrometer)
m\s cat ^ £®Tji§ W l i ? ? 1 T O n^jm fla w i T O I fisg? TO

s t ?FfBt TOl T R t ? 2f?sj?5jk® H j p t t d c t w Si:g^ w i TOI "ît TO? ^
%ti:?«i?l"^jii c ? T O i ? < ? t ^ • ^ ^ • N t % T i ? t e i ^ 5 t d ? I c ^ t
^ 'nsjlf :l?t5? fen aa'?*t ?sftc® TO W«t?t ?lft?
^?ti:?® TO, c J ! t 5 t t c»m w f^TO «^ ^ I c? 5c5?
fen ^ ^ ' T ^ «R?*f ? 5 f e TO ^ I ^ ^!5tw
TOff art? ^ ? 5 K ^ csti ? 5 t e ^tr?i ^r??
wt?Tftti? ?if|? ^ ^ p t o i ^ t w 2t<«rw ^
'SHTO t^Jtf*R ? f t o ^5td? 'a??. TOf? WI<P1? «
' n t w l ^ ' Q ? T t o ^^td? I « l « t n ^ <?H f ^ ? ? ! TO?
¥T?iftti? ?5ft?i •snti^^Fif^^ ^?n'Q 'isti??
wr?nfttt? i R ^ i ?s?t ? i ? I- "snti^jqfttir?!? mm
^srm mi^lK ? i ^ w tTOITO?

c?Pi ^ c ? ^ TO?'nt^ ^ ^?td? I «n?t? CM
? ^ ?s^ ^ TO? TO? csntt -^td? I ( C ? ^ - V,
i o , bc^, csntt ^ ^v, vso t ^ w ^ )
^ T O ? " T f t ^ (Wire size)
tW4lIa<Wl*1 ^ T O ? TO? ' H t ^ ^ % « t ^ ^ t o "5? I '5[^«ft? ^ t W ? ?Tt?T« ^ t o TO I
TO?'ntw ( s . w . G ) cnw 5^9d?? >nTOJ ai?n*t ?5?i ^ I C?PR-VS/C^^, b / i v , s / i v , <\/ô, 't/^^

tWtt^ I WITO TO? Wt?Tf¥5T? «!<?f?1 l^ftRltfC?! aRsH w t ^ , 1 C ^ - VD/.O^^, vs/.ovs^b" t l ^ »
i/i.8o,î>o i ^ g l ^ g t w t f ^ i S'fd?!^ ^ ^ ? t o vs c i t R P f ? . af!%ft C!ltd?i? ^l?n!i5tt«J .o^^'^
tt^ W bxvax .oc^^' . a t W ^ ? t o >C^.p f?Pf§ 2 f 1 ^ CTtc?? ^ 5 T ? n f ^ . o ^ r I
^ • t r o b x i / b . v d t ^ g f t g ? t o ^ l ^ , b c<!q?'i c«it f?Pi5ait^ c«ttc?j?-vbi?iilijti<j b.vol^gi^gi
?t|N? «?Ttf??.'a? ^ n ^ j ^ ^ ? m t ? w t ^ TO I awi- i ?^ ^ % t^g, i.<? ?^

l^gftg, •;^.<? ?t^ t^g 1^g, 8 ?4 l^g 1^8, .a?°s S . W . G No. o / ^ ^ , o/ô, <^/iV-. 'l/ô, ^ / ^ ^ t W t f ^ l
( W l r e a n d Cabl« Specification)
tî?r»R « c o t ^ twif^ Sdi^ •^c® ^ c ? I c?rsR-
Contents
tW<^(ia<')M t t ? ? T % «t*llC*1i3^ M
(lYYL) ^ !
^ ! I^t. ft t^wdGib .£Rt Pf. 1%. ft. %.m "^-(^ w r t i cv»R^«r ^<tol8ao c«i% (IYFY)
o I w ? 5 i ^«f:5^ ^nt^ ^ ^ I i5tdf w n t w r ^ ' s ^ s r m TORj? ^ ^ t o ^ t d ? i
8 I Gm^ TO^r TOH^m <?!t'«imBi ' f r ^ TO* (?TT5 t t r o ? 5 % i ^^srt?!5T
<t I «1iJMW<5 &fWJ?l St? C«IC^Sr ?fBf% % R ? # T ( W ^ l f 1^?mt ? s t o I
«3 i tR«1lD<1 4 j - ^ W CâjJFr .£1^?, TTQ?!? vi|i;fvo<5 f^Tfl? ?siT?r5T ^ % c t ^^^d^s " ^ d ? 1
CSffe? ( C a b l e grading)
*iMw<) t'Tji^m, c«ic^c«?<j S t ? 1%% ?#?n 2^5?tft w ? t ? t TOF I t ^ F P n ? i ? wit-tc»T??^

1 ^ ? ^ c « T ^ .£1? S t ? I t t t i f t'ssm'^ tt'vFt? ^t?i ?m i -^M^ C T O ^ .a?
S«1? ^ ^^s%n W ? f d5?l1? ?5?t I k.<tol88o 051% (SEtW? ?sjT?f i(j) ?t 0({> t l i % ? S t W I ^ ^ T O
?1?^M W 5 ? I ^ « (?PdSt? TO <:vt>liii«, (Tj^ ^(?o V d^JjIC^-l C?Pt ^ ^ I WT?1? ^(?o/ i i o o
V Gsms? ? s i m (fvjf^*jivi) f t - c ^ « ? j ? ^ ?5?t ^t?i t n ^ 1 « ( T R : ^ TO (?R '&<?O V

CTOJ?C?1%^Î
^ t o l d ? «.vs KV, KV <3 KV CZtTO? ?sjt?f ? T ? ^ "5t?l TO I ^ « n ? ^ Oi\<(.'\JI<W? <MW* ^ ® ? ? # ? !

tld^ I vsRI ^ ^sTd?? F l i ? t o s ? ^ t s i M .i5?°s W f f t ^ S i ? 1MC*<J ^^Wt ^ € ? , ? 5 % r t , T O 5 1
5^wctvb m .a?°s ? 5 i m ii?5 Tfojn Tm ^t^ w( VS^R <M«(1HS<J '^FWI ?sf?nTf TOT I ^ ^ " n ? T ?
« i ? ^ S i ? ? s n ? ^ ^ T ! ? * «n?=t "^wT TOS I w ? F r ? <MC<I* «n?t v»n:?? >iitc's?<i

t i ? « ^ € ? ?s%n TO I <^ ?sti? TO? wt?t f5[8 ftg .ii?t .aiHt^femi m ? ? ^
^<2- 1^lftl¥Bl? I Rs^ ^5TTO? ?5ra* «n?t ^simsj 5i.8oA (.ar^^f?!?) tg?t sbo A (.iJJTsill?!?) i
'n?!? t 1 ? ? f % 4||<^Fs? S l ? « ft€?- TOS| I F l t ? ^ ^ ? ^TTt^ ^fi'X8
l ^ ^ f t t i ? .g?^.£f<istt-rn^m?n:?? ^ b i . « fviPifviUw i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ .a??,ai-^y^w C^^SRFW
w » 1 ^>5^t ?j?ra1?^ OT'«n ?i? c?, jfiBoiw*! fen c?f% ?JR?* 2 f ? # o ^tcocst 1
^ ?T?I CT, ^TO* l1?<lD? «llff^<1 St?<3 ^ # 3 tft^ I .fiRsft t-^WCt^, ?5«fjg ^sra? \bl*llRli5M
Contents
O t l ^ • ' I L ^ B T O r c * ? * I ^ « t b^X.8i « V » J » . o « A ( . F L I P L P R L R L ) ( o . 8 i C ? L I 5 L W L 8 ? ) I •iPPt'TOT?!?!
2 5 X 4nun
^t1?.A8oA
re ^;!JN?8 1 ^ ^ ar^cB^ ( ? t H ^
nn ^ ? t o ^ 8 C«TT ? M AR^CBS?^
S M ^ ? I 1 ? 8 M - ^ T ^ O ^ A ^ ^
* NYA ^ 8 PL.fe.ft T^j^sm ^ TOF ( 3 S MTOFI
NYMT ^ ? R N I 8 PL.fe.ft T R O ^ ^ "^^VP . V . C % v 5 ^ TOF TO F T F TO?
TONFS^TOI
NYY ^ ^ 8 P L . ^ . f t T^Jd?I»R ^ . A ? ^ P L . ^ % ® TOF f
BYA ^ 8 PL.%.ft T ^ J M ? ^ ^^•S'PJ TOF < ? MTOFV
BYFy ? t o ^ 8 P T . f e . f t T G W ^ ^ .£I??.PT.fe.F ^ (S^ TOF I
. BYFYE ? t e ^ 5 ^ S P ( . T%.ft. t ^ m R ^ .a??. P L . f e . f t ^ TOF ?Rl5l TO

••nfepyBT^ ^ T O I
BYM ? t o ^ s R t % . f t T ^ J W ^ ^ . A ? ? . P } . f e . f t ^ « ? R 5 ^ T O ¥ L
lYAL ? t o ^ ^ 8 R F E . f t T ' ^ J M ^ ^JÎFI^ to
J I M , ^ 8 f^.fo.ft T R O ^ ^ ' I ^ ^
IYFY ? t o ^ 8 P I . fe.ft T ^ J M ^ ^ .IL?»SPL.T«.ft % 5 TOF I
Contents
t C f ? 5 @ W 5 t ; ' t i ? 1 % <3 'tttJWt?^)'
P.V.C v,i.R OTa TO*i> ^vms ^sn^m-
mna^ S.W.6 V.I.R P.V.C

V i,8o V.088 ( V i v ) «A. ^ A
<Â ^ A
>oA -A
8 VÂ8 i<Â ^*A
<!} V.ovs*/(Vô) ^8 A >SÂ
v.088 ( V b v ) vaiA 8 0 A „
«<\A fib-A
V.o'!98 ( V i ^ ) 8* A <\8A
i V . o 8 8 (iJ»/bb') (hsA Jfco A
. <to iV.08^ W b * ! ) ^MA iifiÂ
iV.o^8(bVi^) *«A iNSa-A
ioo A i«9*A
iôA iJftoA
>s V . b o « ( v s V b ^ ) ^<?oA
Contents
J O I N T S AND SOLDERING
WJ^ (Joint) S ^ C«lt W t ? ! ? 5 TO? f «5i?TOst t l W ^ W WC?I* ? W I
1»It«t ^ R C S * (Tap Joint) 8 il?5 C'^ ? t ? ^ C t t TO? TOfTO ? l C? Wmtt? f tCTW

?TOst tjit Tsnis* ? w r
^ «flT?rf5?T ^K?r* (SpUce Joint)8 ^ ?T TO? ^TOTTt ? T O s îmStt^^ ?W I
TO*P!5 'STT?!? T ^ T O ?sm ?!?; ?<n- (?s) ?f& ^flf?fTtf W I ? * I (^) tnt .aP=!?nt^ WC?* I
^ 'Q ?5rf?OT^ .a? (21^ f ? ^ * f - t o ?Phi5 ? t f -
b I Ptntetf (Pigtail J o i n t ) I
^ I «t?ltT<ttSfeH (Western union Joint) I
O I (PPl (S«?Tt^ (Bell h a n g e r s J o i n t ) I
8 I lltBfenTOI*(Brltania Joint) I
* I tr^ ?TPP wuk (Turn b a c k Joint) i
«j I ^-CST^ TOT* (Duplex J o i n t ) I
'\ I TClt^ TOl* (Married J o i n t ) I ^
b-1 iSn TOf* (Tap J o i n t ) - m (SHTOl tin TOI* I (t) ^ f T O I TOSI* I
S» I f t ® TOl* (Sllve J o i n t ) t
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(Tit WT TO tT%PI5 ia?li|r5fen TO* ? J ? 5 H ?s?t TO CSTSI? (SS f t t ^ ) I
^ If C?f?!^ TO*8 ^ cm f?Pf2 ?sn?C5T, ^ ? ? W ? TOl* ? m ? ? ^ ^ TOS I 2f% CTO

'il?sl* ?5l??T 'TOl* la'HTO ?s1?7® ^ , C?^ TOl*^ - a p ^ W«l?ft? R f t t ^ R1l??I r
Contents
Pin cBtf w *
t|%p|STOl* ^-CSPRWi:?!*
'OT^ TOI* (PfB)
V7
OPT tn*! TOl*
Contents
<{\ c«tt 4jHd*i5j TOl* -sjitl^ TOI* -mm ^ TO i
VI t r t t TO*j 2<iijf^"* f t t ^ ? t ? ? 5 i l t ' H t o f «nt^ t n f (?f6Rn? TO» toi*
TO i ^m'^ (?i w i Unt tor* Ut^ TOc ^ r o t csnrot t n i toi*
W t ^ T O l R ^ «rf%i^ (??^ ^ ^ fTOt tnt TOl* ^ TO I
i» I IN Wî ' s r t ^ atlS® TOf-'i) TOl* OT^sra ^ fl« TOl* Wt ^ TO I
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^ TOic*? mm^ I^ ^ ^ f N ^ ^ R r f ^ ^;s?n TO? ftTOi? ^ toi*-'^?
b I TO? t ^ J I f « R ? 5 # ? 1 CWt (Sklnnliig) I
^ I^ ^ I f T O t ^ t ? ?Rn (Scraping) I
v91 ^ C«fctt?t f ?i?nt (?t«?t (Tying) I
8 I (?m5ti^ W l (Soldering) I
(t I c!5Plt. W l ( t ^ 5 J ^ ? ) (Taping) I
^ ^WC*? RifPlf^ ftfi^^ ^fPftm'i'H ( i ) ? t @ ^ "^Wl 1**!^ ^«i?t I •
(^ ^(?% cE^JPiPf ^ «i)?»v (\3) i o o % tW^SiîJl^ TOlt ^ I
t?i5t%?5 ^ TOI <11^ f?I?Tt^f(:^ ' f ^ ^ r f ^ «il?^TO? «lR(^v*l ^ «i)?*vaft^f%^ ? !
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C r m f l ^ ^ i ? ? ! ? ' t d ^ (Types of solders)«
to C5!1?5|t^?#?!? 1 ^ ?t^
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i . TO[% (.>ll«ilQ?, Hb
v[\ c r t ^ : ftf^t? cfmn, ^ « -ira i « i ^ « t 2®?!^ ^ i ft«i«t? cfmg (srf^ 'fRi

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VAI c»N^^Rt«IWLEHIJ^ •F?PSI^^to^C?I
81 TO .<?RTI?to CTt TO« -HUÔIW -m
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t^Rs^^FLFI ff??TFTR^ 1?J?1T ? # ? ( ? NIHILJH C T O ?

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? J ? ^ W l " ^ TO
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C f l ^ v l ^ ( S o l d e r i n g Tools)
I I C>lPS{E\«fT?I?t. F I R F , h) C5T1^»v?t15 (8) F I M T W T F ^ I

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8 F C N ^ ' v TO ^ ' T O T ^5t^ I
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Parasol) I IFLJHF^felfsj TOIR*? Wii ^ ^ B T ® £ ^ IFBl ? M F ? ?5?1 ^ T ? 1 TO I ft^ ^ oM
HTWLT'L ( T r l c t h a Nolamine) O F t t o ? (Fluorine) to"! '^? ? ^ ?I?5l? W ^ i
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Contents
<\s c ? f ^ ^w<^(B<'»iN
^^4^\ (Precautions)?
w?5 m'm ««nte I^ ^ cTO^?>?s§?m 'nra c?Pr ^
tWÎS* TO* 'fl? f?1o^ ÎWlt^, «sf^TO, &!f^ «
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<t I vim-C3 faniTS t i ? r ^ TO* # t e (Rare fleed gas) TO. TO • a ? ? . ' ^ ! ^ fen
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TO* ff??ifi? fen 2 R i f | v s ^'QTO snf^ i ^ ittw, *r^?t^
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ti^n:^, âipiPraT? ?5K?* CTIW G2t?«t ¥ ? ( : ^ <?i « f % ? «inB? ^ voiîc* «?it/c>iw* ? w r
Contents
^ w n i n ^ CT, ^ i f ^ W W i ? t ^ « R i W W <?reiin i <?r«R- f t * f f ^ ?t@?! * f f t o
l8?«i» WI ?m <il?;.ti?T^S?srW "ff%fC^ f t (heat) ^ff^ WI TOl ^js?!?, i ^jiwill =
8.iv ^ 1 f t *tf%^ ^ ? l i ^ «i1%^ » i m w ^ n r o ?Tt?» * i f ^ f ' l ^
J = = - - 8 . i n
wm Sehxister and Ccamon *lfNn (Jito? «ir^ -iiws tw^Gj^Jl*!
i / 8 . i V <iIW5 S w ( ' i f e ? TOim ^ I
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V . I . t = V - x t = — - = IX R X l X t = P R t
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t p w f i ^ ^ t f ^ ^ 1 "ûs if?ef^ ?s?i TOI i ^ - i «?nt/{?ic^ = o.^8 ?sn5ffi i-

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i I CsltPT f ^ T O * •a^^^'sit^ fm I
Contents
^ It d f ^ ^ *a?"vf^ I
V5I " Dti5j *ii<»v*ii?i<«n
81 " CBlo 4<?.<3CoH 1
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VI " frtt'v *a?'v «?ntm f r t t i i
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•il^ G¥f5 = A^ ^ / ( T T i : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ E M F
W f e ( ^ ) = "^Svb «1lf5 ?1 ( 5 5 0 tlS^/
Contents
• f ^ t o ^!^^,ooo ^ / n i S ^ " ^ t o TO ^ 5 T T O "it^ W
i ^ T S ^ = tfcoxoo .8Vx8 <^^.'!3 •EtNOT81^8/P T C ^
= <^•*oxoo.8Vx8<^^.'!3xi>vb vsitj? OT8f^8/TO5®
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W l
Contents
<{\r C?ft^ tW<^l]a<t'j|ei ^TCf^
CSK^^lti^V- lXR=v3<?o xo.oi C51^l
1 1 « ? t g ^ 1 ^ P = I2R= > a ^ o x « * o x o . o i = i ^ ^ f «?NT I ^ H^<iw

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Contents
îfea cgf^fSjw 'fl^t \m[ "^n, S o ? i t ?T1^

SfÎ iiatt «rR351
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ton«?Tt^'STO (1 Kwli)= i ft. f t (DOT) = <iR5 I
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Contents
< , -
PXT VoxSx^xvW
KWHj = - : — = — ; ; = (î.'btSlî
JOOO JOOO
PxT SoxSxbxvao
KWH2 = -: »-5Jr.vtSf^l
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CSJtt = (fK.b + ^V.V + 'bl.bS = b<h3.<?8 I
Wâa? i<h3.^8 'tSRcUiJ i < h 3 . M x i . ' b o = ^8*.«»fc 1 ( ^ ^ )
•WJ > I ? r | b 5 i o o 'QiJKt? ^ o f t ? l i ^ ( ? ! f ^ V frsT, ( ? ! t T O &ff^ ?|J®

toTs?Tt-'3rrQ?rt? f^<^"f% ^
S s ? 8 Clft *t%= i o o X X br = i'booo «l?lf&-'5rNs(?n?
(?nt tÎJITSTlfB-WTsTO = — = i^bfesTTSTlfB^"QTO (Kwh)

iooo
i I i i l ^ ? f 1 ^ 'bo 'QTIK?? ? 1 ^ , i o o 'onttB? ^15 ?|f^, ^00 'Q?ntB? vsft ?lf%, S ^ t ^ ?ll%
Sfffep 8 5 t o f (?5) etiîjil^ TO? tt%; (^) 'Sti-i^jtra TOra ftf ? t t ? ? t % W 1 (2tt%
^SRcGij^ i.iot m i )
?li%? 'box ^ = bô OTfS
?Tf^ i o o x ^ = -^00 mi^
vsS «q|R)<^ ÔOX_v!) = ' b o o ^TlfS
Contents
wps^ wm^K vi
t«!^ 8 ^ CTt5 - —^^^1^;—- i i 8 . o V k « ^ ? t B.O.T
t i w R i a i S TO? ^ i i 8 . o y x i . * \ o - iJ»^9.i8 I
^1 «iRsft ?n?wHm i<?tt « ^ « T O ? j ? i f ^ I v t t 8 0 «?nrtij ? i f e , 8 t t ^.o m^-^ - ^
^T*i^<ipp|t *nf^*frtTOi ^ * o % ?if^ « ^ &?f^ 8 ? * i . < r ^ * n f ^ ' m & i f ^ «

^rf^ w f ^ TO? t w - ^ g - » ftf w i ? S c ? ? r t ^ W I {4rt^ W t E ? ^ )
iffft ?lf%? ' ^ T S t («»oxi*) - ^ o o «?fB
VFFI?|f^WJt (80)flr) •yoô'SSf?
8F5 t r o ? feoXS) - ^ 8 0 'Sllll?
(?nt ' P T s i - i84»o «?nu
^ « &#?s 8 ? 5 ^ ^
bS'boxooXS
K w h i = — ^'\(tA
iooo
i
iff f r * f (~ Xl8'{j) «?fB = v8*l« «?fB
o ?*1 ^Pi?t
©•wxoxvoo
kwh2= = >a«.(?<»
CTlU k w h = k w h i + k w h 2 » b*^*.^ + ^va.fl-l - ^ O V . S I
tSfttC? ^ b-VO TFFI
« I •flWlt ? ^ ?!T?^*IH? 8 O 1 T i o o «?ttB? ?Tfe, -oolt ^ o o «?n5? ? l t ^ , 'btt * o o <3?K5? ?lt^ I i15
kw ^ CsitU? <£i-^%^(t k w «?Tt5? bit fitt? V *ntiR TO I^ t m ^ ^ nf^
FFFISCFT 8o?*l ? l l t ? ? R L I CsnU? 4 ? » s f ^ f ? ^ * l ^ 4?«s?Tt^ iil?°v2ii%
$sRcU? Tjfij ^.oo
8oft?tl%?'f^ iooXSo-8ooo«?15
oofs ? l f e ? W 5 1 ^<>oxv30 * «»ooo "eSlt
'bf&?lf%?W51 eoojC'b " vgooo'S'lfg
en? ^F>I^ « ioooo'S?!!?
Wit » >v5 k w .
Contents
= b<? k w
Htl? = vs<? k w
CTlt = tfo k w
(StB ? t f ^ , (SfS? » a ? ^ f ^ bvo+<?o = 'bo k w
'JÔXiooo
cskSSw (V) = ^ ^ o V . TO* (I) = — — = ^b^.v^b A
CSlfB?'Q f ^ t t ? TOI ''RTS ^ = <?ox8o => ^ o o o k w h .
?l1% TOl "ra^ "J??! ( •pVaycjo ) = ^ ' b o k w h (^t^-rr^ i.:Sv>T[?=-Ci-Ooo+iô)j xisi&kwt,)
^ 8 8(?ô.ootT?Pl
«ftt8i I E l i t e s 8 0 vsTO? bolt &it^ V f P J I b<?oo ' S T O ? 'iRsft 2<iuiô4 •^ft
& f f ^ (t ^ 1 (ij^'sSfusi^ v o «s?ntB? (?f5 TO ô K fr fejj<^«rf^ ^

o.*?© t W "^ti?! bS»S»<? ' T ^ ^ , ^ TOT t W 2<iijR><i ftf ^ t C ? I
^ ^ 8 ? r W 5 wit * l f ^ « t f ^ « t = (8oXboX8V) = 0^1,00 «?llt-^'QTO
£<i3jFo«p ? i ? ^fe5<5,» i f ^ «ti^«r = (b<?ocxbX(?) = '{doo ^nnt-TOn? i
? j ? 5 i « f?(5<!.nf^ f j ^ « r = ( v o x ( ? x ^ o ) = v o o o 'G?nt-'STO
fiffeto CSIlt ? I ? ^ f ^ < ! . * l f ^ lft>n«l (vs:!,oo+<\<?oo + V o o o ) = bV<\oo ' Q ? n t - « n ^ S f J f R T O
^ TO ft^ «lf^ w ? fi?^«t
(bvHoo X 0 0 ) = (^bbooo 's^nt-'sn'STO = (?^b toH'G?nt-«n«TO
= t s ^ ' ( b f%(?^^•?^t-^^sTO = b t ® ^ )
«r®>a? ^ TOT? 2 ? ^ ^ f¥\ W t t o = (J'^b X o.do t f ^ = ^Vo.<?o t f ^ (^^)
«nj{8^ I C^-H «n?lft^ <l|lc^ b o o 'GTIKS? b o l t ?Tfe <? ? * 1 , 8 0 ' G T O ? <?1t GPKTOT* ÛfM <?
^ 0 0 0 'GUTCuS ^^.it <? T q * 1 > a ? ' s 2 f 4 ^ Vo ' s T O ? <?it fem bo ^ wn, atf^ îRT
•Sjfn o,<\(? t|<n ^ t ? T b^^(? >TW? •afsif TOT W t l ^ S ^ ^ g l ^
tol8 ? t f e : « ? T W S CVit ftij'^ «lf%^ t f M I t = ( b o o X bo X (?) = (?ooo 'G?nt- ^ ' S T O
CJPlWliî* ?l1%? * l f ^ if^^H^ = (Vo X X X b.V) = bVoo 'G^lt TOI!?
^TO? (Xlt f ^ ^ l f ^ •lf?^«! = (Côoo X (? ) = b o o o o 'Q?!t-«I!'QTO
Contents
TOI* (Trmtis, vo
?i?^ (?nt fti3j<^^Tf^ * f i > n * t » ( b - o X * X i o ) » 8 0 0 0 « ? n t - w t « ? n ?
wrem? (Kwh)
TO ? J ? ^ (Sit ft^(ô. VXOo) = ^ ^ 8 . 0 totSUtt-^n'QTmJ I fe^8 t S t ^ ' f l ^
TOI? S ? ^ j l ^ ftpt (^^8Xo.<\<?) » 8^V t W ( S ^ )
^ ( S w i t c h ) J (?I t S o t t f $C*l«pQa4 f t t ^ ?1 ^7|va|R<> m ^ ^

W ^ ?1 ?T?l mm ^Pl I
(?l ^ TOt t i P T ^ ^ T O fttRC^ W«f?1 TOH^^ ? ^ ftt?l y p i ? s ? l TO mm
(?rt^ ^ ? W I W1TO (?l ^ TOI tm^mn ^lf$4t55>a?5f& >5[«?f yt^ ^smi ? ^ W l TO
^5TO5 3 1 ^ ^ ?f1 ^ I
C S l t ' T - ' ^ (Main Switch)? ^ îlTOI^ tttcf? TO I (mi <a?l
• a r r o i t t m TOI fe?ift ^ I ( ? i t ^ ^ ^ 1 5 ? (iorsiPiTO c ^ i c?Pt ^ TO I c s i t ^ 5 3 ^ 1 5 ? TO
?1»imf^f^TOl ( T I ^ ^ T O f ^ T O ^ s t T O ^ t W e f ? : ? ! ! CSlt^ ^^54^ t i n ' S f ^
TO W l TO I ? « n - ^
b I wnrai iPts W l C1H ( I . c . D . p ) ( ? i t ^ ^ I
^ I «nTi?«t ?5t® m (I. c . T . p ) ( ? i t ^ ^ 1
'TO?'! ^ W l C1H ^ IS.ft f i t i R «a?i15im (?m «a.ft « n t w ?i??3? TO I ^nro
C1H «n??et im ^ «a.ft § - c ^ f t t c ^ ? j ? ^ ^ TO I «at TO? ^
TOs I C?SH- O, b o , 0 0 , boo 4 ? ? . C5,oo A «aiTslPr?I? ^do « <?oo V Col* ^ t ? 1TOÎ
^ ( B r a n c h s w i t c h ) ? C? ^ 31^ 'Ttf^tt ? J ? ^ ?s?1 ^ mm 3 1 ^ ^ ?1E5II >at
«I??R? ^ ^5lS«S 'Q?ni?'S 'a <i<K\^ TO 1 31^ ^ ^ t ? t TO ^ to Ct'S?!
b Itmt? ^1 O I -"Ifl ?1 ftfti^, 8 I <t I C?lt|t 4> I "T^

?f5^ <t 1 ?STi5 ^Q?^tl? t t t i VI t^lt?H ^ I Rlt^ ^ I
R t t ^ y^bL 'snro ? ^ TO o t t ?s?I TO I ?«n-
m ftm-'sr? ^ (^) ^ (t) t * i ? r # c ? t ^ (?) i 5 i t ? w - i i i ? m ^ (®)
^ thrift I
^ ? t fsrfsi^ ^ ? ^ ??IR? ^ ftft'v <a X f H ? ^ ^ TO I W??f i R b H W ^
^ ? l t o T O l ?T@?5 ? s i ? 2 R C?Pll t 5 3 ' U T O ^ tof Ctif ^ TO I «at ??iR? ^
?t?^ « C?^5TO ? J ? ^ ^ t ? 1 TO I
Contents
b-8
^t5, c^mimi -mds^ 'sm s»t?j ^ r o t TO i iJWfm ^ TO? ^ TO i t^j

•<i^ ^ T O ?JW5 ^ I ^ ^ <ii^ ? t t o '<Rnf^ ^tm'n <7<rc» ^13*1 wt ?m 1 ^sna ij^t
r * T ? r 4 ^ ^ TOl «flwif^ •fl'it ? i t o W l imi I t*wwf^c«t
wtTs ^ i f ? ftf^ ?Gi?[ ? i f a ? fif^, cftstSw « ^totow ^ TO I
C^tttlt ^ ( R o t a r y Switch)* <fltTO?^ ^CSft, ftW, csnl^
TfijS (Push Batton Switch)! ^ ^ CTf ItRfeP ^ ?I?J[RI

^ T O I
TO?erffT^^ (Iron Clad •fltTO3^ WW

Switch)! ^ TO I
irft^ ^ (Knife S w i t c h ) * .flt ^ CTRW 51^?ISP51CTTO»ll^tlt ^Bt^gTSt^fttSlTOf
ci^ =?^TO mmi ^! cftTO TO? ^ ^ TOI i o A •flimiâiciw «ft ^SW,
' i i t ^ ^ TORO? W l Stg<^ R? I
^ (Grid S w i t c h ) * 4ty5 ^ ^^5W? I ^ t^J f 'J'W «W?5?»PlHl CT^
?] < ^ ^t?I TO*!
05^ ^ ( C h a n g e Over S w i t c h ) ! t ^ J W T C^Tf « ^ cm CW» « « t 5 ^
TO I «at ^ TOI CTilTO^ to^/!>1TO! 1™ ^ »ntfc» t*ia cwi Wt I
l*IW<»t^ ^ (Selector Switch)! ^ ^ ÎTSW a(W1«R 'SI^TO ^ ^
i3K?PS_(Socket)
c? f ^ o i t w i i >n«nCT OTPrw ^'mw wnntin TO* ^ •i®5i»ns?t ^ m mm
(» t i t t ' T W * I (2-Pin Type Socket)
(;0 ^-PR t i t t f W * ( 3 - Pin T y p e Socket)
(c) ^ n t o - p R t T t * l f C ^ t ( 5 - Pin Type Socket)
^îSwiJ m ^^j^t ^sftl^ 'soi'tutsnf «ft •itoRi? «Ri «ii®twl; ? i ? ^ wi

^tm TO I (?i^-c5ft5! *nt^, cBftTTO,ft. «a?*v crt^, m ^ t , c?ppI am, 2?«5l^ t®,
^ ^ « ^ s n t ^ tâllf^ I
«nst <?!t til? îijiw TO* f ^ nl?mTO ^ TO? 4 ^ « K a t B B toi "flt

f ^ *(<im ^ TO I ?sn- M J-f^-tit (2-Pin Plug). ( ^ Sf-f^ ?nt
(3-Pin Plug), (O) >PTto-f^ ait ( 5 - P i n Plug) t^sITl^ I
Contents
\r<i
Tift m. Its? ^ntt, i t r ; ^ c ^ i ^ ,ftrf%^c?w ^
•??i i ^ (?nTO? 'QWCT '^ftm i % ? i ? m ^ rnu^ i ?i

'Stfen f % ? 1 ? -^T® ? ^ <fQ<W WiRT ftftl ( T O f ? ^?51^ SOTSf^fvsl
TO I ftlft's C?1W sp<m I ?«in-(J>) 5-cr5 ft^^ C?TW ( 2 - P l a t e Ceiling
R o s e ) . (^) § - c a t ftlftl (Sim (3-Plate Celling Rose) t C?T^
ftifti (snw i t l t ?i - ( j i w i ^ t tiTn:<r? 2^5?if? ^t?n TO^ i ftft°v cm t r n : ^ ^ r m , ftrf%? w ^ ,

*awit TO, I t s ? «Titt t w f t o ? i ? ^ ^ TOs I
^ t B e t ?rt ^ - ^ s r t ^ ( F u s e o r c u t - o u t ) S t F T ^ I t ^ m Tlf^tB? ^^T^ (^TPS ^sftTI^

?t'Q?f? ^ ^ \ ^*ij<H # ? j r c ^ ft'mri^ ? t R ? i ? 1?sSw ?sf5-4iiSct<j â?^ 2fr?fwftwi
TO I ft^ ?nt -'snSt m i ?«n-

(ill?-^?!)^*!?*! ftsSw (Re-wirable F u s e ) . (A) ^tft'Si f^PSsf (Cartridge F u s e ) , (o) 'ilt^. «n?.
ft t^Sw ( H.R.C F u s e ) , ( 8 ) ' T O I f l t t t^S^ (Salow light Fuse) 1
f-3<3?TRms! f^F^ { Rewirable F u s e )
?3?t f t T O t ??w? ftsS® I fti^ TTfIt ?T?i f ? 5 ^ cm i i ? i f ? 5 ^
C^PSI? S^mil? ?s?T ^ I ftSw ( 3 [ I ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ' I l W I ' m f îttt
tiRjHW ia?i Wim f TO I ? w ? 'TfTOi 2?^2J%^ >iiI^'Gw

f ? ^ >i<j<i<ji^ *ii$CH? f i w i * t ^^5%n (?i? I f^ps^ f f ^ ?i ftsSw
C^^t^-â ? s * t t TO I ? I ^ 1^pSw CÎ^TC?? 1 ^ TO ?TO1
TO51 fts^ "m, fts®w f t w ît^t ? ^ tira-îw ^ TiTOi

W t r o t TO t ?T^ ftsS^ C?CSf? Cilt ^ 'ItWI't ^sîJI CPtII I
•Sit ftsSw b A ^TTsjft?!? " ^ t ^ 0 0 0 A iflrraft?T? 1 ? ^ ^5t?l
St 'sicra 'ff?^ cffliE •*t(:<ii^5< - "ot 1
^^llt"© I V S ^ ( C « r t i d g e Fuse)
>at ft^ ? f ? w (ititi ? i ?sift^ â? w ?ft?i t r o ^ '^llt^ ? ^ I ?î1tw fts^

^ ? i TOFfi 2®?if ^ f?c«i? I ^TCf? "sn:*!! %Ssf ^ f i t i t ? ! ftft^ « ^ wt
S ? ^ S'S? TTITO 5ft ?t?1 ? 1 ?st??t (7f<3?t ^ I S ^ ^ t t ^ t : ^ ? l t t ? ^<3?I tlf^TO 'tr^
Contents
F «E»R F «3?N»T ^#?NOT9?N^ i LIIT TRS CT? ^WNI % TO I
TO? ^, d, i o , i<?, ^ o , « o « feoA • a j f l t e a ? ^ TO I

m m
^ FTSW ^ [ f ^ cm TO? R(?i? ftw TOFT C*fl?I? f f t ctMi
?T?l '
" i l ^ . TO. ft ft^ (H.R.C. F u s e )

^ FEMII f~t^ ?si1t^ fts^TOP -at^. isit?. ft ?PI I "iit ft'Ss^ ^ 'HTOt® ?»*RT?
&5?tft ^ I ?!i5 ?t FTRPNFT Rw? TO ftS^ ^ •r$it?t 5 ^ S ^ ft'SF ?! ?5jif ?!?T
W!t?flt?l ( ? f e ? ! ^ i ftft^ TO! ^fwlt? fts^ TO?^^fe«t^?5^
?!#^ f»>s^n; s n T O i « ? i ? I
Voo A vfllT'^ft?!? TO? ? t ? i TO I
•ats. ST!?, ft f ^ S ^ ftigftR^
FEN I ?«IN-
(i) , («) ftS^ 51^,
(8) ft^^n^ ^, {<t) ?s*TB 1
Trrc^n îf^ (Salow Ught Fuse)S
' T O ! sntt va?°v^ft!?'I'vW ? ! ItiT
*a?'v ?5n!? i°v?5? *N^? NL^ i 'N*N?«R« c?f ?
Tff^tS ?5^ J2!?!f^ Clt f r f ^
TO? PFSW ? J ? ^ ?s?I TO I ^ trd?
?5*tt •n-G?!? ^ csittf TO I tro*
. f t . f t (M.c.B)8 ^Ti. ft.f? w R a b w n f ^ c^m i "atft c*w1t ?! ant^nj* I

T l t ^ f ! t ^ ' j t 1 ^ va-S!,ft, ft, - ^ f <pfel! TO I Â. «A, (tA, bA, i o A , i(?A, ôA, « vsoA.
ftrf%^ vflirPn?!? c?f5^ vfl? i5;t?i TO i csit^ ' H f ^ (3?n? (SOA. 4QA, SOA, 6OA, ^^CÎOOOA)
C3ft«s«iJ?lst?tTOl
J>nf^ (circuit Breaker)
, ' n t ^ cpn? iq? i^^^t^^ ?! Sîj^l^* >»iPfi;c* ^ h i f t * 4^»v*iî«ift* ^ S F ^ ^SRP
? ! ^ ?5?! ? I ? I 2<ndvs«* •>I1W'D<3 fent^ ^ T ! ^ <3TO? s f c ? ! ^ ' T O I
^ ? T S (I) ^^t^ TO? CR? ft^ <:?ft *TFT^«T ?nra* 2T?!fl^ ^ ; ? T ^ ÎFT S t ?5§?N ?!? i
w ' n f ^ k ^ f^t's!? i^TSRS f i T O ? ^ ? ^ TO F
(vo) T f i i ^ ^ ^^ji!^ CT^ ? I ? ^ I ?sc5r 'SN'CR «!!*!!? ^'&\<î\ TO i
(8) ^NW?'SiTj'SI?! «fftTn«T WRAN!? SFON^ ^ I
it) (?n*5 TO!* f t ^ I v ^ # ! r 5 TO I
^ ! ^ ? t 8 ^f^n^fr^TO Tlf^t ? I ? T R f ^ va?'v >i[W!? <Mil4|Qvot ^ ^ CtW Îtf
I T E ?N?R«T CWFW ?s?i 'FS? ^ RL I
Contents
-•e^^ ?55rf| mn (Tinned coper)
ft5^ TO? ^rftsf
(fusing current) (Mi W ?
(s£OlH?f?) (S. W . G )
8o o.ooSV
8 O.OOTI.
O.OOH50 o.i'sJ
a-
0 . 0 0 « r
0 . 0 0 %
•
=1 «• O.OOtrg
r-f fa- O.OOI>I
is 0,0'IOO o . v S d
i o O.Oiobr
«i o . o i i b
O.Oi^S
0.800
o.oi>o!5
O.OiSbr
O.S'M
o . o i t b - O.(THC
i8.o
o.oil?o o.ino
0 . 0 ^ 0
o . o «
o.lio
0.0^8
i'=l.o
80 , o.lffo
se o.b-(?o
o.o^b-
xi.o
DO 0.^00
AIR î O.OiS^
IO.O to i.oo
"to
i.i^
Vo
i.:ie
•3b-.o Iri is. o.oSo
So.J i.o;;
8«.o 0.088
S-S.J ico i.8o
S(?-.o iob it
iio i.'ijo
W.o i.lo
W.o il o.o(^S5
«3.o iSo i.lrt>
i(?o i.W?
it
'i(?.o
i(?
crO.O
O.OtrO
Contents
b-b-
1 8
10
Contents
29
8 I, ti^t O - f f e ^ ^ I
<t I titf^ t i t i ftt]:i5t w ^ c^)
o I t i t t ^ t i t t vo-fe^ W 5 1 \. 4J I trt^ t i t t •^-f^ ' T c ^ I
i i I titi^ t i t t i(2--4n8 <3m TJ:^ I

i«M t if^'^ ifl--4ns I
itf' I titf^ ti$i f%t-?nt io-JDis I

i 8 1 ? m Srt-î cat ^\ cm i
i"^ I <3C5 twrra *-"^s I
i4j I ??ri t i t i cift^^ ^ I
i^ I ««R<MI$T; ?n*t (?-'fins i
ib-! ^xLm cnpT ^ (fN ^ c ^ ) <? '^ns I
^ i I VS-FR •uiwi^'i; art t-mi i
^b-1 îiJêt ,f|(,^.f.T;«5 ^c<Mi$i; >rc^ i

\si I RSBw it., vs^ .Arts '^fi-o <?5is I
oo I t ^ ' S - ^ i*.o ^ ^ viJlg ^ 8 o C518 I
O'^ I «fT$. ft. 1t. ^-f?f®^ I
Contents
MAGNET AND MAGNETISM
^ m'^ «imt iiwra I ^ i f r o t C 5 t ^ ?i?r i toi iw#t?i ^m "^^"^ TO i ^
^ ( t ^ 7f<i ^ TTt%ct ?#?n TO; ^ 1
C*rH ( M a g n e t P o l e )
• 5 ; ? ^ sfMÔI? ? 5 t ^ m f l CT, fe^p® C?Pf ^snw'f «IW \ s t T O C5|<P ? t CfM
? M I ^ i w ? t j t l t c f H TO i -^m-1<5? (OT* ^ Tif^«t I yj<j,c<f, ^ i m t m ? i 1 ^ 'TTn
w n t ^ - i i f % ^ « f "^'jf ^^#?rf I bj^(<^<\ Gi sm ^ ^ <i#?ti TO^ ^ t t o ^ S s ? (?rf ^g??,

(7J fifl^ T i ^ < : t '^'St ÎTO ?C5TI ' T ? ! ^ ' ! Sg (N) îg ( S ) TOl ^ j f s ^
. «rSf ( P r o p e r t i e s o f a M a g n e t )
i I w T i (?Tra <3 i^t^ '5rr?R'=f TO^ I
'Q^ms't ^ "5^?! TOl
^*JC<l>t( C S f l f e r t ( T y p e s o f M a g n e t s )
1 ^ 2f?)iRwg ît I sn^^ (^) ÎSrsj ^ I
mm - i i ^ vii^Hw ^ t i i ^ i T O TO^ TOI? (?nTO ' r f ^ TOn "*f^ •i]? ti^q?!
^tH^t I 'ijt ^mroi 1^'^ I^ TO c^'s?! ^ ? n f l f (?nw 1 c?
2f^1%? wTwi ^5n<if^ ^<3?n TO mm sn^t^^ ?i?r 1 ^ n r o CT. ^fam S T O
'fm T^f^n;^ W I TO I ^Sft- m ^ - ^ ' G m ^ I ^ W ^ TOI ^ ^
m^ ?«?li^ WT 1 ^ I WtTO '^TRK C T O ? S'ra ^ t T ? T 5 v s t ? ^ ^ 5 T t ? t STO "^*II
T^Hj 2 R T f ^ w t t ? t w f i t j«?i^ w r ^ < ^ It r o t 5wt<:|r5mi^ ? ^ r
Contents
CSt^lfem (Classification of Magnets)
I 1 ~1
^ ^ ^ C ^ Aiîiii (Uses of P e r m a n e n t m a g n e t s ) ?
^ (TO) ^ nw?«t1TO t f h F l •'PfN?TOf? I ? ^ W l TO 'Sf^ ^ 'U'
arfTO? ^ ^'^x ft»vt t t f ^ ^ T f f ^ <i<^\4 W l ^ I < ? i ^ - fttt«i, (r«i^, ft!?f, ? f ^ . csint?,

TfS^ <3 ^ «ftr^ -^sftTO TO^ ?j?^ W t TO f ?5»*rfTTOIti^tS^m
C#ICT? CTKffti! Ct§ W t TO I .
^ «^5(^ TO »rt<f^
i 1 ^ n n ? ? t f N . t % t f t ? ^ wtTORti i 1 T W » t ? ? # ? »tf^ -iî^m^ w ! ?f?i I

^ I c*!pn§ft w tTORt I ^ I cTprtftft • f i ^ ? ^ w t TO I
« I ;?tf cbTOS? î<ir?i Rt I oI TO C 5 t ^ ?c?tt?n i
8 I cttwf ftnat W lTORt I 8 I t3?t^ feB3«t w t TO I C^t* f^'^'l
wt TO)
<t\ t ^ ^ ^ ^ c w e r a ^5n?T^ *(%»n# i
'Ir! t 5 j ? mm C5lt ^t?n TO I I'sr^^ 'Q ? 5 R l t ^ ^t"?!! «n-:<i5!
11 lilt C^, -^^Tsl^^" .'i^^v

(alnlco) t«rtftTOI?S?rt§ W l I PlSwtpfTOIS'SWift W lTOI
V! c ^ r ? ^ , -Jft?, Si^wsrt^, f ^ , >iif4?
?K5T3 W l ^ I csm. »nS® ' ^ T O w<^ I W W CTO Cti'^fl ft-??l tW'^.CSl^t't'^t

i^linTOI
Contents
^ TO *fl?^ ^ (Magnetic Field And Field Strength)?
TOTOf ^ ?|1^ >ir ^ ^ 'SIT^*! « ft^M i ^ f ^ fert? Sô? apst?

<M tHC4'$ ^ ?:9T ITOJC^Ttl4 'T??!!! ? t % ^ 1 % ? 1 % ? mm <*«C*llJ *1WC*
? 1 f ^ (7^ I
i I T l ^ t e s TOn?ra 'ftt^ T'v'in i ^ o o «ij?»vTO* A. TO? 2ff?i >s i ^
Ni
• i i T O (?i<;?t TO. M = i ^ o o t i l 1= •5,.<f A, L = >3 1 ^
H = = booo ^ o r t P ^ t i 4 / f ^
^1 Vo 'illlHTII? ? 5 T C ? * (ô OT.fil. ^ C ? ? TTC'O fen 2|?tf^ ^ 1 CS^Sfftlt >3Xbo-«
•QOTO/^^ft^ ? ^ ?5\5 1
'i]-^ TO—
B = vsxio-« o-jTJ?!?/?^*!?
^K?* I = 8 0 'iinl^TO
£ ^ L = (J'o c'T.f^. = o.<?
?^ F = B i L
= vsxbo-«xvox.(?
= o,b^1^St^
^ W ^ ^ T O ' ^ ( U n e s o f Magnetic Flux)8
'ii?^ xift ^ c t l ? ^ Sf? ?#?n S*i?
(?TP^ f l t t t ? ! c^«?i ^ W 5 c<n^ Sf?

c t w fe^T^ '^"si't 5i?:n mtm ® ^ s f t ^;?cw i^t ^rrc^
'5(^''« ?t?ii c^TO ^ I c5TOt ^ ? 2 r a ^ ?;5i I
'ilt ^ Wa^l '^Jl^Z'^^ ^ ^ I ?^^«ft
c? ^T;*!? ^*5rsi ^ n i TO ÎTO C 5 ^ ^ ^ IH^ ?i?f i
Contents
CBt^lFm (Magnetic Flux)8
îrpTp^ iPi^ ^ I <p TOI w t ^ I t 5 J ? ' i i w s « W T O (wb) I ^ W^TO
'ITjft^Tls iflRS «OlTO I
"flRP 'SWTO C 5 t g ^ JM«I4* i Q « i l | | 'sliJ TOI «ii?5 ( ? i c ^ W t ^5ti?l c e m w U w <il^ CSl^
Sgiijf^ W S?.t^ I ft. ^ . ^ t i i t ^ c ® io'^ <3WTO ? i ? r I
1 ^ ? 5 r o r ^ «r< (Properties o f l i n e s o f MagneUc Flux) 8
i I ^ w i i T O ?i*n c ^ T O ^ t r o * ^ Rtt 1 ' N fmcî? ft?! sRifl:®
^ I^ ? 5 f ^ ^ 1 feTn§ ?5fen TO I
v 5 1 1 5 ^ W S T O * ^ ' ' R a fto'SF W l TO ^ I
81 t ^ g ^ ' f m c « f < i T4«o fen 2 R t f ^ ^ I
<? I WS'^'1Jt?nTO " i l ^ ' v ' i T ^ ' T O ? ^ ftw«t ^ I
f®im ^ (Coulomb's Law)
^ Csra^ «n?s^«f 'S ftw«f ôITO? CSRP * r f ^ '01 W T ? ' r f l ^ 'TTOift ^ P n ^ l l t f ^ "il^'v
:^<*?w? ^ i ? c ^ ?:»t? S ^ i T t ^ ^ p I
o -o • • ,
mi ni2
F t t - ^ (1)
C^. «iR (M. K. S ) « ' s n t . ( S . I) l ^ i ^ t ^ ^?CW C S J W M « f %
«flTO, d = W'O'm^ -HKi ^ (ftTO)
m^ ^ m^ = ^Ptiawi CSI^^W?
* Ho = <în?^jftst f t ^ t ^ w f ^ f t l t I
F = ^?CW ^ n w t ' Q ftwi I
Contents
m.m.f»Ni= 15x2 = 30 A ^ Mean
•IlilRc^RRfiJ (PermeabUity) N=i6^^ 2 0
^ <i}?si^ (?iT3^ 'sr^n cB^wfl? c^caRj TO ?iM ^ 1 «if 'srti-ra ipm

?»rc?«n ^ 4?'v < m i w < j TO fen c l t ^ ipm sRif^ ^ ^ <?[m TO " T O ?
4R«t^ ^ ? 5 j ^ I ^wii TO CT, <iv6iw5i TO fen ^ ^ ^ ' ^ 'T^PTft^ ^ cmro

I c? c m r o " f f ^ ^ ? # ! n csKw ^ s i r o t ' i ^ t o f t f t l t ? w i c? fe^
fen T ? F f e ^ c?Pt ^ w < ] ^ ? i t w TO, (?T^ iwRiwRlît ' H ^Ttrs : # ! I - s n r o ?
TOfeTiftt%it *i?i ^ I
fen csrt^ ?5rmRi R??iit <ii?i?je?n ? t 'Iiri?! îî fen c? Rt?ir? 15?^ ^tfts
(SRtl/ftti? ( H / m ) I
^ I " f l ^ ^sra? S o (?Tg ftg I S ^ ^ Slf^ GmC^ i fttl? TTOTCt I >intptf&^
cwujss cb--^Kt 0.0 •^w S ^ TO S'.i^ c . m . f 4 ? tftsnt
TsrtKtR
e = BLV.
<iTO (?f<3?n TO I B = cs^^ « 0 . 0 (S'lsn
L = t^l^J 8 0 (7T,f§.
V= WIpiit/OTcgr®
(?xboo = e o o (?isfi;s/.'5fi:^
e = O.^XSoxC-oo = t o o o V.
\5 I '£i-^f5 TiV^C?! TO^ m )>o 9i^. I S^ TO? 2 ^ b fttt? iil?»v tpjT^ C 5 ^ # f t o.<? C55T?n
S ^ <#^|r<j fe<n <pv5 TO* 2 i ? i % •ît^f
F = BIL ^ T O (?i«?n TO F = i o f ^ , B = 0.<f , L= i fttl?. I
Contents
'S C5tW^ ^5
BL O.tfxb <t b
1= F bo boo ^
= O.oÂ
^ 8 o.o<t A
C P T ^ IFK;^ ^ (MagneUc F l u x Density)
mm ? : 5 j I t r o * B TOI f 5 l ^ W l ^ 4?'s <iJWi C B 3 ^ 1 < f l t iUîlR* T TOl
w t "5? I b = b «C?RBl/?*fi^
9 CQDITO) = B ((Pm X a ( ? ^ t i ^ )
9 = Ba
C5l^S|#9 în;?*r (MagneUc Induction)
c^t^ *itijRi<f«iw I «^
m<Rt ft^ i?!t?n (?t<3?n ^ ^

(St^ <?ni H t c ^ I i i l t ' S T ^ CStWPp ? t T O t Cb1^<ll?l TO*t
?1 " S f f T p R i t ^ t^1?s»{i^ ?(?T I
C5!#hr W ? ' ^ m ? » t (Magnetic L i n e s o f InducUon)
^ c^cg? ?'«i^ cm c!5\^ ?T«n ^ i ^ w ? « f t ? TO ^ TO i " ^ i t S5?rf?*i

(?'?n-'5nft C B I ^ ^ •ii^'sRfR ^ c s ! ? ^ ?5f) ? 5 0 T O TOP^ ^ I
Cb1*<<H« 'BTSF (Magnetic Axis)
t5j " f l w i t ?n^fep « ^ I ^^cw OMIM ^^XM^^^^^ ^ c ii?°v S ^ S t ? ^ t t f t W >l?5f
. < ^ ^ TTaTji TO votîw5 cbl^-Ha R5Si*i 3 W ?25T I Jit c^-î? CM C ^ t ? % l ^ I
7fs\ ^ i T O c f ?5ftTO 'fc^'s ^ *ftf ' t m ^ ? cb!^^^ tffejt ?fRTO c? W o t M M

•QcUHrDfoit ? C 5 f I 'SitTO 1 ^ ^ ^tlTOt ^<5f^ f ? ^ 'WR<t? C 5 t ^ TO, 'ioTTO
*f*ft??t?t ^?PfS C5tW^ (Residual m a g n e t i s m ) i
f f t ^?W ^^-^<t7o CMM^ FL^, ^% tirsiSM f p t , C^T-J t l ^ , (Alnlco) (Fe. C o .

NI, AL. Cu) ( t C H l ^ f?j%^ «f^'n\s's1% ^ CS^'i-^-il?!^ Wl. ! ^sRI c5T^<f^ ''
Contents
h<b C ? f t ^ ^W<)jS4Jl<=1 WPf^.
ijyotnits^ %m 2 # ?^ft^tra «i)?5 ^si^m ^nwtt^ im m i im<tt3ft ^ ^nwt

Swift ¥??r?i <jj<i^vs 2 ^ 1 (m\ ^<i°v ^nt^ fti:?^ IîUHllJRjft <i)t w^,
tWî.CSrsmtlRt fiTO ?J?TO ^t?I ^ni^ l C^t^ i f t W ^ W^ri, frafsiTpf ( P e r m e a l ) -^^'s
IviScvjtll ( m u m e t a l ) *r?.W 'W^t t^^JÎÎlRt flTO ? m i ? I W w ftT?!? %&©ft

(?rte? ' s t r ; ^ <3 jRwrn:?? cm imfm m^ ? m r a ^tm TO i
'^W<llI3<l> TO* « I T O ? W f "P^fft?
fe:W S t ? 15tW%T I W ? * fif?!^ ft^ S%1 ^ I ^ ^?t^ ?l?I? fes I

cw^ ?\£^<^ ^ T O * sf^tf?'® - ^ f ^ vsvs^"^ ^ «nf^ I
iil?iit CTTSfl l f t ? T f t ? W fen fe^ ^ T O T * 2f?lf|v5 ^tl?, vsT^ i^wtff^Ks ^f?CT ? t f 5 5 W t
^ ^ ^5l?r^l TOpT«WC51? ft?W ( C o r k s c r e w or MaxweU'^s r u l e )
^ ^ «r«r?! ^H<jfff (3:?n tos 1^f^
^^Sfen ^^11?^ 2!<1|(14<1 G F ? ^ C^^XilJ?! gf^T^'^ f R ^

W I TO I § ^ îtfl5 ^?lWt ^5tT?T, -iJIJt
%(:^ cwi? ^^#i? 'ii?^ ^ ^
•®tR ^ ^ TOI* <3 ^ F t C ^ ft^ 1%'^ W

•.£1^ ^ fen ^ffe^r i j t ^
.^^"v'sft -mr?,^ 2 f ^ ^ f^- ^-Q<!l '(f??Tft ^T?II^-
i f t R W U S ? CSt^^ ( B f e ^ e t i c field o f a S o l e n o i d
4i%''jfl, 'WJi^ € . ' ^ ' C ^ f R ^ ^«|?{ W T TO I
Contents
Xc«l*,cBl»llhlWl3»l (Electromagnets)
~ 1 "
c?Pf «rt^«n^ ^ S'^f^ ^fen TO I ?n?«t,

L_ 1
—T-
^smtra <?n^ c r o ? RWLTO •tmftwftftft'i^^te c?Pti
Xt*l*.(|l»lil*IWC,'B4 (Use of Electro Magnets)
v51 c»i* fttm, <i}^[fttT? t f t ^ m ? ^ 1

8 I ora*f§5FRt?^l
(M t P t ^ S R O C5LPTOT« ? I ? ^ ^ TO I
F O R C E ON A CONDUCTOR CARRYING CURRENT IN A MAGNETIC F I E L D
TO* ? 5 R ? # fft?!^ m ^ C'KaRl ^«ff Xl'R ^'f^ ^ I ?^ F a

TO* X^9CW?5^xtt?ttlTO?&tC^S^R®??siai F = BILRSti^fttt?l
m^, F = i t ^ l f ? ^ (ftS^)
B = TO??J^
I = l i ? ^ TOI? TO 2 f ? l f ^ ?stC3*
L = l f t ? I ^ &i?I ( t t o )
^*TWt fe? ? n ^ ? ^ R ^ lft?T^ m ^'R ? t o S^ ^ (S^H to ^t?W 1 ^

Qpf^V'il? ?fsj ^ fera ?T?1 ? 1 % ?5?1 ?1? 1
Cipft^ i£f?L?lT| ^ f»ll^ ( F l e m i n g o ' s left-hiand R t d e )
-m ^^«ft, « ^lOTt t ? T O ? TO *ivjwic«t

?TR(?r, ?ft « ^«ipn ??iaK5i ^ «<pi«t*<3 2f?ic5?
fep ftwn ?sc? I '^sRi ^ " v ' s f t r^?Tf( TO? * t t ^ « f % ? i
?R?5j? ^5t?I TO I
—bo
Contents
^ J S t ^ ^ (Electro Magnets Inductions)
bt^b TOra i/zli^Mi Rî^*!, cb]^"!!?! «iift'*iij 1 1 ^ «w«f wa^? CT,

^15.3: - S J I O TO* ? ^ I T ^ Tft^ffl ^ 'T'W wt ^ fft^tfl TO? W
?u^<p75rCT#« <?F(R s<^*^ ^5t^ I f%ft TOI spn«f ? ^ CT, S'^'Ttfes t . "fl^. "flv *rfl?i^ TO?
c'Tcg? 5i??j]i? Si? ft€?% 1 c? TO ^ ?5R:?ITO ? s ^ ? s | ^ ^ 1 5 3 ? S * R r a ft€?% 1
si^ cm "^^0^5^ ^ wa'^ ? ^ fft?1^ TO I < ? = i t
5nf^t51. 4 ^ s<^*f^ "5? I
ift?if ^ ? ^ 5 ^ ? ^ T O ^ I « i r «fft?t|i TO? TO t.'Sfi.'iw S s . - * ! ^ ^ 1
'JlIS W[f?§ t.'il^.^?'-'^? lfen*t 5t?Plt ^ ? 5 R a ^ C? TO *lQ?(^^ ^ ^5RI? 7lf|j5
C^twfl? TO*f ^ CT, ? 5 r a * S?.f^ i^g m m 'sitftS TO* ???? I 'siKta « ^ 'SHftS t.'fl^.'^^ ?l?l
c? TO* "5? ' ^ T O ?w4u5iwin5« cm^ 1

lilt 'srtf?^ t.'fl'i.'^?' ij^TO S*."^ "5? I ?'«n-
b I w m i f w t ^ 'sitf?^ t.'Sm.^Tf (Dynamically induced emi)
^ I M & W ^ « r t l ^ t . ' ^ ^ . ' f l ? ' ( S t a t i c a l l y Induced emf) I ,
C^TOtc? W ^ T f W l ^ «tC? t . ' i P l . ' ^ ^ S < ^ t ^ ^ 1 *(t??t^ ^ «f«!t^ ^^twID* \<51WI?
t . ^ ^ . ^ s<^*t^ "^î I ft^ 'snftt t.'spi.^-^ S o ? * f f t ? t f «>jji»twn;<* n ? ^ ^^t':^^
'H^?! ?m I ^ n w f t ? s f t e i F t c ^ TO ' # ? ( f ^ fft?^ ?sft?i ?Jt(:?* ?tTOi « ^ ^ r o i ?i? 1
«nf^ t .'ii^.'i)^ ' ^ ? * v I t ^ f ^ TOic*? ft?s (?W3? ^ «f«?r^ cjpft'^ ^ fei^ TOt wt
C^TC^ ^ (Lens's I A W )
?t?i
?ft t t ? ? t t TO? m fen f ? T 5 « ^ a(?tfl:® ?5?t ?m I ^ '^j?^ ^ TO? F ^ f e
t.^-5i.^?s «5nft^ I^ >5nf?i t . '^^.'^^ CTt^ t.<sm.^-^m ÎWR ? % ? mm 'jpi 1
Ca#^ ««l? ^ ftiPt ( F l e m l n g o ' s R i g h t H a n d Rule)
CJFf^Vil? ?1 W 3 fel^ ?T?t 'snf?? t.'^^.'i)?'
>ii? ft^ W l ?m I ^ ^ " v i j f t , ^sw^ «-sjtuin
^sr?M ^tt%? ^ ^*5rsji «n?,«1%
Contents
^ ^ ftlPT (Left h a n d R u l e for C o i l s ) !
^(.m< m ^ feni <*c?w«! ^ » r t ? s c^nsnît R % w t TO I
Wt?fiTTfwrt# '5rtft§^«iW.(£pp ( D y n a m i c a U y I n d u c e d E M F )
^Sltftt t . ' i l ^ . ^ ? ' ?i?I I CWCm'^*^ «l<rt^ fft^fttl (X.Y.Z) 2 f W ^ *fl?S,'a<!?JS?IJt
ftisR^-^ fB^R^-^ f5a[*R-t
^?.f^ 'X' - n f t ^ : ; ^ ? 5 n : ^ T O ^îfl^ T S I B T O \ --^^x ^-mmjs

? 5 r a T O W T ? # c ^ TO ^ 1 ^ ^ ? , f§?t^ TO W ^flftS -5^1;? ^ i^ ^ s f K 3 -y
lR<lDlt^ *tl% *f!?| ? 5 r a T O 'ifl^ « r a T O ' S R ^ ? s % ^ 1 liWsT^ m ? ^ - T O
Rt^vs W ^ « t 0,0° M t ) ^RXt^ I't^C^t^ I W I ^ W ? T O ^Qc^C^ I ff??lf ^

5t*t ^rtft? i^tc^L^ I ?tTO t f t ^ e t e _ B L V Volt
i f l T O , B =^ C W I ? W?«f|?
Contents
L = •tft?!^ TO?
V = f i ? I ^ TO? t t e P t ? ^
f R\t&cai 'Z' * l f t ? t f f t ^ ? s r c ? ^ T r f ^ ^ feaSt C^<t S<5.'^ ? t e c ^ i ms^, TO?
?#5n«f e = BLV X sln(|> volt.
îin»4j|<^ ^5rtf^ X.^fl'I.**!' (Statically Induced emt)
i I Wtftt t.'SR.'fW (Self Induced emf)
^ I RStij*il^ ^stlftS l^.iiW.'inF (Mutually Induced enf) I
^rtftt'^viw.tiW (Self Induced enf)
'#?t^TO?'^^% WRRf^«r?if^?5?iî ^ «Jr w ?WBr<t i Q < ^ w ?
fm <?i, t.'flw.'aw S«.*t^ ^ ^ I T O (?T^ ^snfti t.^.<iPf ? p r i i f t ? ! ! ! ^CSR?I? TO ? f t TOI* ^

?5?1 ^ I \5RI ^JtW (?PPF 'STtftS t.'iW.'fW -il? tft>n*f ^ TttC? I CTt^ 4lW*C* «PfH
?s§l?t TOI
^6)411?^ ' r t f ^ (Inductive c i r c u i t )
C? 31#C5? ?sT!:?* *lQ<^W? TO IFHSl? f f t ? ^ ^ OT, t.>iW.»flW S'!?^^ ^ ^JITO t w i ? # s

>tll^'i> ? c ^ I
C I ^ X 4 K ' i ? J l t * W ? I ? i ^ (Use of self-Inductance)«
i 1 I t s ? *ntt t t t ?sftr« c ? , c T O s ^ sfwt^R I ^ ^?ft?i TO vii?ts «iR>ft*

c T O T O •^<n spiR ?sl?ir( TO I
î?TO?C?«Ff5^
N3I 5 n t < ^ i » T O t R ? ;
8 1 'src^l-'BjFtWTO
<t I W l ? «cwi I
i I w?C5ra '®*i?
^ I ^f'l:???!? &iWF^ S*r?
51 *«c*ii3 fif^s^pT? c^?3iwi? S*r^
3 1 C T O ? CSWfSl? S f ? l
Contents
f»l"®yill*l (Mutual Inductance)
^ ?SOT A « B ^ ' R ^Pfen, «f^ptf A
I S^ -^mm 'B' ? w r a TO *fft?rf^ ^ ^dc^ "

TO tmrot fttej %t TO* «Rtftj5 I^ '
^Q<4v^w<5 W Ifep*?€fw?n?ra TO CT, t.'sw.iii^
^ AiKi:-* ftt^prpi t.^.^'^ ?C9t I ftS^prw
i I csift? t t f ^ t t P l * R "siWI
vol^fiWTOl
0 ? ! ^ I^>(3lWf*l»l (MagneUc Hysteresis)

^ft^ ^ B ^ ' r t ^ ?17ra H to'SR^ ?scg I \5t^
C5t^fm RîTJiwft^ ? w I ^snro « R i T O m ?Ttc® TO ift ^ *RK^ csiwcpi
^ T O * (Eddy Current)
<?rt^ CTO? ^ ^ f e c?, TO* ^ ^ t r o

TO* ? W I tcsWt^WITPfB TO^ TOI C 5 t ^ C T O ?
t.'fl'i.'iw "5? I ? W ? W I t ' i t ' T O I * S'^1^ ^ I >ait

t f t 4|C?*C4> ^ T O T ? ^ C^P1?sto' IJlPiCHCUvb
?s?1 ^ 1 t i t ? 5 K ? * C T O ? ?l^§lt?l C«i?, W l
CTOI? t'i-*iiW"R C^^^TPl
^ m r o
RS 1
? i T O
^ TO
*I1«?|? ^ 1 5 ? ^ 1 rem CSlPfCR? ? # i W ( ?ssnt?t Ctf? I <flt

t ^ ?stca* s ?i%®
'i)?'N
Rl
tl?FP^?si?I
TO I d t
•
^ « t t c^n?®to ijiterct® ?s?t ^ r t ^ TOI* ^f^.
(&cTOP^ X ipm)^ <«? ' r t ^ i ^ f t f ^ I « m f ^ c ^ C T O ?

T?F^ 0 . 8 ft« fts l i ) ? ^ ? r | c « sn? 8 % ftftw f f t
TOsi
Contents
»IJl*lwn>* (MagneUc Circuit)
CT tK®? fen w?r«n ^sflc® TO viiîi* I U M W I T J * itf?^ ?i7r i
•flTfJ^pCî^ *IU(5iwRPinS (Absolute permeablllt)^
•m csfttt B « T ^ n p # ^ ?c5ra H ' 5 i ^ * t i ^ ^mw^ *iwP)GiRRni ?i?t i
^ = ^ ? t B = !JH
" g ^ D|ei^ ^'BT (Magnetomotive Force)
c? *ff^ ^ ^nl^re ^ W^TO sRifl:® ^^ft^ TRRJ W ? ^ T T O ^ ?i

vjJMWOJlwlto ???I I t r o "H" TOt w t ^ 4 ? ^ t ^ «flWS >iljp#mi? t i ^ I
IN ' •
H = —'fjimfen?/fttm
•ilTO. I = TO*, N = ^xm. L = -SIJIIP^ *1lf^C"B*I & t < J I
H^rrt^tim (Reluctance)
^nwft^ T t f ^ w ? ! ^ fiTO? ft?R:i ^«n? ^ ' s t r o ftro^rR ^ i îwlt^

wl^5ii*(t<> f^*ii<ptjM *m ^ I t r o s TOt Wl^ I
ftsTf^s^ s = — ^
^/WWlJ ( L e a k a g e M a g n e t s )
^tiR^ ^ C5t^ ^ T O 2Rl1^ ^ ?fer

•iit jfi^w ?st??5ft im ^ I «n?H "flt ^nff?^ <o)
iFf^ f?^ m ^ 3i<t<^ ^«?n ? t i i R j ? fen
4 i ? t f ^ ^ I fts^ • ? I ? ^^ Rl I ^ lilt
% ^ iFT^ ? ( ? ! I TO! ' n c ^ fk3] OTTOi ^ I
Contents
ii ii
EMF
^1
v51 tw^fcsiwiFDo (c«i*)
8 1 ipm (p c s m ? ) 81 TOI* I {'iiimfen?)
<t I TOR*? (ifllT#rai?/?*ft^)
4> I i r o t m i s = ^
A
H I «n?ftc?m
i i *iwii)«RPin;
wiyMliSlUii « i f % ^ , ^ ^ *£R^'T^^*r ^ OT<3Tt ^
Name Symbole Unit Abb. sign

C^lC^Sf (Voltage) V or E CO|H5 (Volt) V
<)»IC«q* ( c u r r e n t ) I •iijTsfPmi? A
(Ampere)
R < 3 ^ (ohm) Q
(Resistance)
<l>Î<^l3jl-»I G (moh)
Conductance)
Contents
io8
ft^TO (power) «?nt (watt) w
^ (HAIT3) H Z
Frequency)
(H«n»^) ( H )
(Inductance)
4> «C?Rt3 (weber) WB
(Magnetic flux)
mm (farad)
(Capacitor)
B (Tesla)
<:®#fft (magnetic
flux density.
' G ^ (Ohm)
(Impedance)
(Magnetic Hysteresis)
^n%»n^ cm wK'wm -fi^ cmw^ m^ ?Tfen TO c s t ^ S'j.f^ w t ^ i ^

?jtwt t ^ j w C 5 t ^ «?ttfts?nTOI ? f ^ ^ c 5 R 3 j f ^ R ? ? g t ^ ? ^ ? 5 J ^ (?f9?nî c^t^fhi
?c5ra ' p ' ^ TO%i iFm ?t ?(?ra ajpiîiit ^ C5l^1^5TEFî ^ f t ^
^ lii^ ^Ttm S ^ Si? 'at? w^tt?n TO? felt 2R?i1^ ^^ftpi H 1%?
*£i?5LT &«?tt? I ?ra TO? fen s R t f l ^ - ^ I W C H J ^ J 'T^'nf%?51 ? f t , C 5 t w % ?5I
H ^tc'* ? i l ^ ftf^ R c % T O c^ftij? <fl?°v TR31? ?SFEN 'snro ^^^^w c^ftij? 1
C T O ? F M VTHV5T4> B <fl?»v cbi^^y ?5R:?S H «FFEN S r o ? ^ ^^ti::® B - H ?ST5
^l^TOl
1
? ^ C S t ' ^ ?5T H ? 5 f e ® TO ' i l ? » v ' ^ l ^ C t e l I ^ ' H t TOI% C^bHftn; B OC (S^
si?i (TiTOT ^^tm^, ? 1 T O «i?7n? I FIM^f? mc^ cstw? «ffen ?IRTO t j t ^
Contents
QcUHltl^m ?W I <iPR TO* SRtC^ S%t -^Jl I ^ ^ C S I ^ ?»f H«S*t^l«(^,

TOI* S^ to "Ill^Wti^, ? ^ « t 'H TO^ ^ B "IpWS Rt TO I B = 0 T?V ^
^siî#in H = OD ?t5J W W C 5 l ^ % m « t ^ Î^H*t CTOltPl^
(3Fr^ (Coasive force) ???I I i f t -flt «l??#t? ?»f H Tr^?1^ ^ t f ^ »ic4l%VlW viRV^sf^
^wjw TO, ^ ^tPf.wi»in)vt> « •tcBfit^ Tdrero? < ^ ? i YHpp a c d e f g a
ft^, ?ni"Pt (Wrought) TO*t, ft»I % ^ ^51? ftra
Yt (Loop) a ^ ^ ftÎ I t r o ^ QctHni^tt ^ »il?<. '^^Hl^l? C4|?lPl^ (?Pt^ (Coashre

force) <!ft^, -flt TO? Xt^ «RI ^ I ' l ^ ^StW? 1|?lBtC#Pi ^ ?Î
CTtC5:f ^ ft»I S*t ^t^RBttJJspR ? s t o STO^ R ? f t t , ifllfpifelfl «
toe?!?'spitot^ (AlnlcoaUoys)'1^Tt^^JC^^W5I^S«fpn'itr
If
^ 1 (Loop) b ? t ? * ^5n?i?*t 4 ? ^ ?5ft f t ^ - ? t i ^ ^ TO TO ^ I t ? I (?IW:5 ••^'^ ^

^mîwiu* *n?ftc?iftftlt «ii?ô|9i fti^Ntfotti ^ .flt TO? 1 ^ 2 % tc?t^djt^lPTCB? «Ri
' ^ (Loop) c '5rt??ê,^. BHI (?n ^ f f t , fti5|?R, -"RW, •n?^nsrzsit (PermaUay) TOt
ftSpitpI ^ I .ilt TO? * R t : ^ IWPlwRRn; C?Pt ^ t|?l5tC#PJ 'Sits? ^ "'5?' I ^ ^ " f l t
TO? ^ 3jh*M»Il? « «llWbW C T O ? BRI ' S i W S f C ? t ^ I ? t ? a ^ S * t ^ T l R t t t c e j ' R
? t e T O l
RîotiPin-*^ ( D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f H y s t e r s i s Loss)
f t ^ t c # P i ^ 1 5 ? f I T O P R njf? c ^ ' < f l ? ^ f l ^ t c # P i ^ 1 ? TOC3? S«t? ^ ?5ft?i R ^ ?s?t

?n? I ^ 1 ? C^Faj?^ ÎltnCi^ttf^ C ? s | ^
ilJMwtttlVs C^PtC^ liRs^ H = AT/m
TPTI^ C^HPlfDil >fl?s^ B = Wb/m2
Contents
io'b C ? f ^ tw<^(B<1>iM ^TC^M
S T ^ « W ? I i « f .ipp fttm H = XAT/m
tW<iPI5fttliI B = y w b / m 2 < t o
RlUlwfti 'PJ « ^ p t ? CâWT X.Y Joules/m^/qrcle,
^ IVitlWPlI '^fB? cSt^TCJJtm (Stelnmetz method) ft^ W l ?m I

(?nH- tl?lBt^#PI«nRl a (Bmax) ^-^ J / m / c y c l e = X PmajJ^-^J/mVcycle.
atf^ WWC** CSJlt R'Jl'DlWPlJl ' S T O - X (Bmax)^ -6 f v J / s or watts.
<ilTO, x = IPT^ C S ^ l f t t t ? i f t ^ t I
f - Tsm»t??#ttc'^*n7ra % T O ^ I
" S R t ^ r t ^ cmai? *tf^ ( E n e r g y o f m a g n e t i c field)
•iRsft 2<kuR)»' <^^0i> 4|wc*<; 4i<Kc<P ^SR'^ 5iffil?1? ^ aiwieiH ^ i1 ^ ^
^ ? 5 T ^ ?tR?I? ^ « s R aim^ ^ R l I "if^ « ^ afoim ^ ^ ? » I ^ S'^l^
?i#P5 lii^'vi^^smai ^ w a ^ t o S'!,'!^ *t1^ R???n^ w t ^ I
^ ?sft, W ? I ( ? R t^1?*rm L C5?# I ^ .ilt '•WtltJ TO TO* '^J!S TO
*ntc? ^ (?i5pp 'siTftt t. <iR. w?R?Ri TO S<î^ ^5tc? m^ w r TO*«

I ^ ittc?
.flit wiftt t.'iw.'il'p S'î^ TO*c^ «fm=i liR?. <iit '^*fm 2 ( 1 ^ îf^ simsR
cTO>^ w ? n ? r a w S'î^ 'snftt t.'^w.'iw-'ira i TOI ^ ^(.mnTO? n c ^

ira<ôWi5 w i t ^ I ^:«?I"v'ilt ColCêj ' S f t f t g t . « i R . ' i l ' P - ( ? P ftl^^^lC< RWin TO I
^T^t.'iW.'il'P e=-Cl'I^.'siTfttt.'iR.'iW
di di ^ ^ ^
= -(-L.— )'PR — (?I TO TO* ^ I
dt dt
di
m Tsroi TO ^ *iii<i55i^ w t ^ dt.
di
dw = ei-dt J o u l e s = L " x i x dt = Lidl.
Contents
- J d w = j Q U d i = ^ L P Joules.
^s^TO TO mm *tf^ *i<R^|^ - L P Jovdes.
^-'ITTOrSR-iim 'Sc^HH (Lifting p o w e r o f e l e c t r o - m a g n e t s )
<i)TO 1 ^ cipt S's?! « iffVti stc^Rsft C T O ? c ^ ?*ffSlTO «rat ^ t T O i ^ t&cai

CfTOtî
'ICR ^ C T O ? 'sn^*! ?»I P 1 <il^
? f t ff^«t csi?» m dx ? t ^ ^ I ^ ^
^«fC5i?»'!n?s^«i'i%?ftite?st«j?%? =pdx
' m »ff^«I C ^ C ^ a ?*ffttl? d x
m\ I ^ ' ' R 'SJTJTSR ^ Ittai
adx?Rfttt?l C ? ^ ? 1 T O ? TO ^ t C ^ fe
^ 'IstJ? T5tt? = - — ^ / ? R ftti?

2)io T
«P5«fl?, ^ I t t ? ! ^ t C ?
2}io
~—adxTO
i
^J5?t?. a d x = pdx.
2Ho
0a
CTO? "Jit*!! ^^t^«t *lf^ P = ~ f - RiSl^l t
•flTO IFtai CîftiU B I 4 ? s ^ C B C ^ 'm. a . x CI^ÎCH? I t^Cl? 'fl?^^ ? * f f ^ I
.âi??mt?i
i I?5^ ^ 1 ^ TOt-?s^t?sto c f t ^ •. • ?»n:?^
^ I^ T # (thumb) ft???
v91 c#raj -^jt^ ^ ?t?t tciBcijiiijiMcHi;? .q? CTO? cusnfttt ?s?t m i
8 1 c?i^ ?i?t t c ' i t i ^ t ' m n p ^ ifl? C T O ? cniîif^ ft^ ?s?^
ei C J p f t ' v \ 5 H ^ i ^ ? t ? l c ^ T O t o ^?^5t^k?l? ?slCiI* ? ^ ?mI
491 CSPft^?W ^ few ?t?l- C5lf5? C^TCB»R ft^ w t ?1? I
<\ ?Tl?tcs? 5 ^ ?t?t c ^ T O k a ? S5,i^ t.ifl^. w t ?1? I
VI csre^ fepi ?t?t ^snctei? ?siS*t? ? s t i ? ^ ^ ft^ ?s?t ? t ? I
Contents
D. C. GENERATOR
csfirn;^ i m^ mm ^ t t ^ » t f T O i t w ^ ?sfwt tc^R^m ^ ft^s-m

TO; t r o t CSrHlMlJfl ? w I
'TO?'! mm R«?tRs ^ ^ ^ r t ? t ^ t T R l ^ fe? TO ^fen 1 . ^ A T P . S'^.f^ w i

CSrHlwBWfl ^ ^ tt«1«liUal*JiltCJ# $^l4*lWfJ S t ? Rvto?^41^fl?l'^ ?5T ? # T O
wrt il<<iD TO? TO t . ^'i. '5?'. S5,9f^ ^ 1

x s t ^ SRT^ t. S'!,TRC=W ^ Of^X-^ WR ^ few (Method) TOt ft^ ?5?f TO I
t. lil^-iil? TirtlWyS^ = B L V X sin (p C®1* I
^TO, B = iPtC^ ^13I?1?/?«fftT5l?
L = tw/ftl5t? I
V= Ii??lf?»t1%^»t1^/TOS^
(p = # S - ^ ^ t^SSm ^ (?TO ^yitt'o C^«f I
C®rHt«i;«5l ^ ^ tw^P.USWJl'n?^ TOt Swfetô ?s?t ^ ?ft?l Wt?TOl ?5n ^ I
(?l C S T O k ? ? ^ ftft ^ TOt Swlsr^s ?5?t ^ Ao|^|i<i •smilRt&t-C'lf^ ? W iXl?l ^
5w<fa3tijji»n?# "s^m ^ ^ TOt SOT%5 ^ vstTO Tmti?# ?csr i ?5uw, liit

W ^ I ?sf?TO ^nCRS ^ ^ C T O ? ^«tJ-?T5t ^ ^ o T T O ''TtCWt? ?C5T I 'sjt^Rt Cll«1l9^
*R<it^ t t ? ? ^ ^ ^5tTO^<3 «iiwbi<i ?5n TO I ^liiHiww *tiR ^ S ^ i m 'ST^TO ^j^'snin 'sin ?5?t
TO I ?««n-
(b) W t t l # TO* C^RtC?5? (tS. ft o^TO5?) I
(^) «l^l<wn5°s?n:?* C ^ R t * W. ft C S T O ^ ) I
^ . f t . CSrTOf^C?? ( P r i n c i p l e o f A. C. G e n e r a t o r )
^ cm ftftt i £ i ^ lii.ft ( « : ? B ? ctiTOt ^ T O I mrsm mm TO^^

?SC?5T ^ ^ C W i ? TO "^L^L^ I
•s^R ? s ^ , ^ôtsn? c ^ ? ^ c? to ^
CRt ftc^ iRwCfel I ôTC?? C ^ 9^

1 «.
m ^ cm /?f??T ^11?? « r ? T O W??t
Îtftcvo v5\bo° f«?t.*|fvsiil»vj <}>Ric\s "5?J lilt C ^
^ CWl?f?i%^WTO^1^t.^.^. (e.m.f)
Sî^ ?#^:î S^Ttft^ t . ^'i. i^^.
?5TC?TO TO? Si? R^11%^ I
Contents
% . f t . (?5RfC?r5? ioJ>
TO? ? ^ ^ ?5fC<lTO R ^ « 5 i V C t H « f ^ 5 R ^ ^^TO, •^''R t1?T^f ^ W^^rt TOI?
'TfÛHiTO ^ K ' ^ H ?#c? I Tm ^ ?5rc?'«n ?sf?i? R l I ft*n?, ^ît ^ r o ?
^5,11^51. ^?^. " S T R ^ t C ? I
c ^ f e f ^ ^ [ f e n ?'*R ^ ? * i < t i w 'srriRc? ^ ?^'«ri?
'iit «i<^t!j TO? t. ^ 5 5 , 1 ^ ^ r ? I. 'srt?!?.
<ii'WW5i v 5 ? TO îftc< w <^<:^wti ' s j ? , * ! ^
?TO'«n? R f t ^ ^ w ^ f S < ^ t ^ ? s f ^ ^ I w ^ R^:?T^
^ ? 5 r m i ?5\5R ?5t?c? i 4 ? i R ^ T ^ t . ^ ? ' . S<!,i^
^ C ? I ? ^ 8<I ' s r ? ^ ' S T K J l ^'«R ^ ? W T O ? ^
t. iflPi. ^Tp S's.l^ ? # ; ? lij?^ ^SRTO? 1 . i ^ ? ^ . - ' ^ ?
TO ^[tc? I W T O I ? ^ S'^t^ " 5 ^ ^ 1 ,
^ ?5K?TO ?5\5R ?5l?r? Rt, I ^^Tm^ C=^ T I ' « R
W T O " ^ f i f e R ^'^R S%t c*rKit?ft CTO w ^ ?TO I
WT t. i ^ - ' ^ ? feP S % t ^ C ? I W R ? I ? Cffe
'\'\^ « l < t l W *llPlW C^'tfe^S t . iflPI. R C ? ! ^ "^tC? ^
? ^ « f R l ?5r?w s f « r a "^rm îftc< t. ^3?^.
? s f ^ «ri^sc? I l i l t T O , C ^ r T O ^ ? s t ? ? I TOs I
i C S f l ^ « C=^nf^ •HltC<^C'i1< R ^ r f l l ^ i g ? 5 >||5t<f.«i ^ \ ^-^ ^ l t C 4 « 1 S5,1^ ^ ^ s % ^ ? s c ? F i i ^
^ CTO? w R^#TO ifiwn? ^ g f e i t ' s n f T n : ? i ^mtcw S^s,*!^ ? # c ' 5 ? s c ? 5 i i k ^ TOc t o i ? w
7r»i5 ' ^ ' ^ ^ 'îIrc® ^ t c ? I
? I ^ 1?»v?sU?FT ^ t C ' o Î^MwIUlt. ^?'.. C 5 T 0 T O ? T ? ^ ^St?t TO M t ^ T O ^
^ t - 1 ? ° v ?Z?T I ? W t ? T O ? TO 'Si^?^ TO j t & t - 1 ? ? ® f t <1i(14JW^ R I J I RslTItl ?s?t TO I ^ît
fet-1?°s-^? Si? ?sT?R ?TOn TO I iQ.ft CSTO^5?C^ T l ^ l « t 1 TO I ?«IT-
(i) C?tr6l^v*lldl>W*ltl ( R o t a t i n g A r m a t u r e Type)
( ^ ) WlCtJfD'v * l t l ( R o t a t i n g F i e l d type)
^ f?îT<^ S < 5 . i T O ? ^ ^snwFi? *iti ^.1r c s R n ; ? 5 ? ? j ? ^ TO IQ?i c ? f t f?^<^
S<!,1TOI? ^ ^ *ltf OSRTC??? ? T ? ^ ? 5 ? I ^st?t TO I ^î.Ir c s t o ' ^ W^9] cnm

^ I ? « n - ( ? 5 ) c g t ? f ct) c?fB?, ( 1 ) limitsi?, (?) w r n ? , (s) i ^ i t ? i i i i ? i ? 5 t ? ^ iHi
"î^JtlJiJ? « gtc*t? ? r l ^ s 1 S . f t cjsTOt!:?? ^nwFR;?? c ? c o i c ^ w S<!,i^ ^ t ^ 1 S . f t ^5%n
?1^P? R#C5 C2t?1 < 1 5 ^ j t B ^ <3 TOt? « f * r R I
Contents
iio C?ft^ TCSF^^Wt^T RCS^
f^.fR. (.si'^lwbW'a ( P r i n c i p l e o f D.C. G e n e r a t o r )
LII.ft O^TOBC?? 'G IS.ft CSFTOB? srm ^î^ i t?i-I£m I^R:^ ^^CUU^ ^^NNRT
TO5| LL??Tfr^ A'G B <r>5IJCL5'5«5J CTlWC*? C i 'G C a - ^ ? Rl^t RSI^tt W t ^??. U i 'G
U2 "ftft ^ I ?'«R LR<LD ^ A , N Cim W l 2L«tf?^ ^ I T. ^"?P. TO feP ^
to 2f<nf5:S ^ I ^sTfTO IF??IF B , S CTPT WI SRSTFES ^ 1 T. '^?'. ^ FEP

TO to 2F?lf^ ^ I ^^TO5 t ? <II«W«1 TO* t ^ ? ^ <5C^C^ ISR^
W? ?5r?J^ :^?prt't S%t TO I I?«fm w r t U 1 T5ifviHtw<I'-SIT«TK5I TOT* mrs ^MFFD? îj^ to
i^m^ 1 TOI Ui LII? TO fen U2 Rtwi ^snft:? 1 JITRO TS.ft C ^ r o ^
?sfenTOi
tÎ?Pfai 0 3 ^
feft. C^StHlWUWi) ^ * r a t % (Worlcing P r i n c i p l e o f A. C. G e n e r a t o r )
^ ÎICiJbM T r f ^ ??|^ ( T i t o (Tit fe:^ ^Qd^Cfel ^"^X ^ W ^ A TO ( 0 ° ) I A

TO^fl^ "5innri#^ ^ t e ? S « 1 « < o | W (Perpendicularly) ^ T O ^"^X W?n 'G RT^ l^^ftf
TO? ^1 R^nwmTO•xmni?#^ "te? TO "^(.^(A. I ft?tf m *IVI^<IH ^nwi^ "te?
^ I ^ ^î?T I 1 ? ? i f TO? Rc«u ipm ^«f?t t . '^?'. S<^t^ ^5ti:? RI I •
COMMUTATION —CONVERTING AC TO DC
* (0') C(180")
position *
Contents
?^^t^fen A ^ ^ ^ B TO I f^^ftff m^ W ? T O ^FW >iMl%«lW
W I ? s t o >ij?»s ^?[fwt j»o°, B TO ^^nTO ^ ' ' R t f ? ? t f TO ? t ? 5 o i ^ Rc?f^ i f l ^ t t.
>ij?s. {csn^) S^t^ I t § ? i % TOI? (o° ^^vo ji,o°) sî^ t . 'SiTf. ^

TO I o° ji,o° <i?^ c r o n i ^ ? i f ^ ^ n w l ^ "fTOs fe:^'to w i ^1??n
? t t c ^ , 1 ^ iii<pt w ? Rtm i^îft ^ win?#^ #TO5 STC^ tos ?s1wi ? t t c ^ I
^sTRi? ^''R i1?<nff ^1,1 ^g1??n B ^ ^SUTO (^<in Ji.o° bb-o° TOT) I B
c TO tt??ftf ^ c^fT^ R ^ %? %? ^^to TO I ?n?'=t 'il??!^ vol?

?5v5i? ?5t^ ^ 7^ I : ^ » s S ^ t 5 1 . ' ^ ? 5 . Ji.o° iiro° c^TfiH R ^ f t e % ? ?5t^ ?rn:^ i
o ° ^ ^ i ^ biro° ' r f e i i ? ? t ^ TO ^ ? ^ T O ^*ii iii?5t to ^1??i? R ^ t.'S\-^. 'SiT?-
?'?R t l ? ? ! ^ m i i r o ° ^ t c ^ i » ^ ? ^ A TO ? f ? I 'rf??if m ^ C?TO f ? f f ^ ^

c*rFn1?1te5 W I ? T O i- ?sti?n if??i% m^ ?5TC?^ ^^1?^ ^^^^
Si:^ TflPft "t^^ vst<j ^ ?eTC?TOs W T ?#I?S ?5l?i:vo % 5 ?tos?T? I S<i,1^ t.'^'SI.
« ?stc?* f?ifvo ^ cTpnt?ft ^ r ? I 'rf??if m R^'^ iî^ ?f? ^ # ? t ? t ? S ^ T t t w t . '^?'.

*i^MwfD°s^r?, ?f^g^ R i f ^ s t ? i 1 ^ ^ 1 1 . 'S^. 'SiT?.TOî:^?5^K5^ iî? ^ w i ' t l ? ? ^
.?s1??T fS. ft TO* >il t ^ « I ^ ?5?I ^ I > i l t T O fS.ft TO* S<!,1^ ^ t ? l TO I -
>il^ ^ ^ J ^ tS, ft CSTO^ « fS.ft C S J i t o ft^ftRvo ^??1«ft «fTC^ I ?«n-(b) t w t ^ ? t C^, (^)
csitR cnrn, (vs) ^ ? s c ? « T . (8) *iiwbw, «?) ^^gjrS^, (î ^ C5i^ iii?°s??5i?, c^) c?r® ?5vst?,
(H t??Tf?°s, (h) SwH-i W^TJ (bo) (?I^ ca^, (bb) t*1?C«Tm. (bî) •'Jft, C ? * ^ f ? t ? . (bo)
^ ( T O t m ) , (b8) * i f ^ , (b<?) i5^s?TO (^^t^ftw^t ?TO) I
^C?rt^ ? t CS^ ( Y o k e ) 8 t l ? f ^ ? t CIR

C^fTOrS? ? 1 CVJIIJM*) TTlil^ W ? I ? R t ?
m mnu^ ^ ctM R?i?nn ?5?i TO i

tzm ^ f t R ?i?i 2 ^ 1 ^ ?5?i ^ 1 ?t
(MM St? ^ <3 ^riTOl TO I ? I ^ >ll<l«i
errors? ?t c^rfs? ^ ^RM? ^^P^^
^ I ^ ^ ? t CiRSI? R?jn c ? ^ ?5«t? ContlfocUon ol d t a r t - t a m M m i c M i i .
STITOT? ^ ? t S R ^ ? J ? ^ TO I
Contents
ii^ C?ft?5 %?i?5@W51 RC^T^

C»tH (Main Pole) 8 CtFi# cm, ^ ^X ^ '^G^ ^ I ^
TOsTTO? ^ ^ I ^ « C ? 1 * TOt 0 1 ^ TO RlTOl TO I

^ (Field Colls) 8 ^ TOt ^sfT^ ^ ^«f?t ÔTOR ^ W t t ? t ^ Swt^ Wt
^ I C T O ? S i ? t^JWlU?. tRt<f W t t ? t S ^ S t ? ? T O t TO I
«IK<1>N (Armature)8 C W ? 6 i : l< Gm ^ C?Tt^
^«r?T R S j % ^ TOt &S?tt ^ I?t^ 0.8 ^tC^ o . ^ ftft ^ I t S t TO* ?sTOt?
^ C^n?©ft ^ T T t t o ^ ?5?t ^ I C5tS WplW<1 C^Cai ^ m t e ^ f t R?T5# «llCvit>W »ljt^^cl3<l 1 « I t
'<5rtSTOTt TO ia?»s ? ^ ? ^ c5it%cJT? cwm Rrtl5r??m8ft ' ° t t t T O ? ' n w t *irt^pc5? «III3<MWI
TO I ^mcwt? C T O I ? TO 1 ? * TO I
^s^grteS? ( C o m m u t a t o r ) 8 *llCiIt>M <^C^C«1?t ^«1T C ? , ^5i%1?l?#^ ?stC?* S<^f^ ^ I
?sigjt^-ii|? ^ « t K 5 J W t t l ^ ?sTi:?* lf?«t^ ^ I lilt ?s^JC6l5? ^siKIvft TOm CRtCSI* TOt ?t ^ ?#
TOt £Wlt? ^ . 1 CR»tW*©ft ^«tTO ^5tC^ ?siferf 5lt?t 2 f C ? t ^ t % C R t W * TO tic?
?Rtt?t S T O ? TOTO •snt^ TORS H i W ^ TOt 'J«I?s ?st??t C ^ T ^ ? ! ^ I lilRRTO t*li,t*1'^
cf\m\ ^ I ? t T O c R t w * t?'°nc?? TO Rt I lilt c R i w * Q f t c n k ^ * t r f ? ^ S t ?
? T O 1 TO I *IICVIbW «?tt%Viil? ^®t?Qft CRlI^-iil? ? l t T O I ? R?J»t ?T?r?m' ?5fen C ^ « ? 1 ^ I

^ ^fl^gM C^tTO ( B r u s h a n d B r u s h Holder)? ?5:^jt55? <lRw< R t f w 5 C«IC^'Sr
CSt?1 ?5?tt TOl? «t?H ? ^ I RlTO«t^ fes?i ?n?^ TOl ^ SWtf? W ^ I ? 5 t R ? ? t l ^ TOTS
2^1^ ^ 1 1 ^ ? 5 t t c ^ TO? w 'sit^lfi^ c?ft ^ I t?«rt?, ?5tt?
t i c w t f ? ? ^ ^ft?sit5 ?n?R
?j?TO ?5?f 1 vot^ ^ <M<w5 *rr«? ft*ii ?si?R gtn Swtf? ^ t ? i TO I
g r o '^•s-iii? ^ t ? ^jc'i;i5-i£i? S t ? ? T O t «rtc^ i iît ^ «n? 2t%?»f c>tRjfviT5w o.b(2-
^ t c ^ o.V c ^ TO ^si^jcTJUw^ S t ? ?TOn TO I
«|j|»ltB (Shaft)8 t ^ «llWb|<1'Q 5iJCl5t5<I TO* ? ^ ? # ? t TO I ^rr?l? îJl^fcUfl S t ? ^
?Rlt?l C€iHl«i;<JW C ? ( : * ? ^<TW 'ÎCTO ? T ? ^ ^ I
C?r C?^ ? ^ (Play-end cover). § C ^ T O & C ? ? TOTOC^ "smiTRf^ fe? TO ^^TOI?
ct-G^ W l ? ? m f ? ? ^ ^t?t TO I ^ ^ c s R i c ? ^ ^s?itt%?3:^ ^ ?ift, wn Rii^ ^
^ t ^ ? ^ ? # ? t ? ^ t ^ ?I?TO ^t?t TO I
iJlfSfHH W (Terminal box) 8 C ^ T O ^ Rl^ftt <tl^«<t R l f ^ R?r?lt C^^TO WÛ
S l f ^ ?^ ? I ? ^ ^ TO I
CSR C?l* (Name plate)? CSJpRR? t?f%^ vo«lT T f t ^ W l ? ?s1?TO C^T^ C?I^ ? J ? ^ ^
mcî
f^.ftf Cfit-HWUMÎ % ^ ^ 8 tS.ft cec^lWl5c<I<] -smnCiTi^ ? S C ? F 1 TOl ^ o ? l § ^ TOl
C W ? B l ? CoK*W S<5,tti^ ^^f?TO C ? ^ n c ^ # ^ TPt^-iil? afC?lWR ^ ?SC?H s<?,tm
^^s%n TO I lilt winc^t^ wrn^ ? ^ c^tc^^ S^t^ ^ i W I F I ? ? S I : ? * W c?ft ?sti7rt

S ? , t i f ^ c«ii*w feii«t TO I lilt w^Tit " f e ? 2 n : ? m - T O 1
^rtC^fro? ? ^ 8 t ^ . f t C S T O ^ ^ ^??nc^ m w l ? ? ^ I lilt *llC»Jbl<I ^ t W l ^ -^tZ^ TO
T5t?TO W ^ ?5T C ? T O I ?5^ W wr
t t ? ? l f TOra TO C T O J W S<?,t^ t ? I ^silCWl? ^ C51?5?
TO TO ?ft?i "5ijinc=#^ 1?TO*jiR w t t ? i cî? I wr ^tf^»tt^ im S<!,t^ ^ I ^TOFI? ??t5? TO
-siJinc^ m ? T O 1 TOs I
Contents
(?^STr^^-ii3?I ' S l I W b M iil<P \5«fF ^ I C v i b l W ^ SJCvsJ-^fD l ^ ^ f f t ^ Sla? C^TSP (N)
9 = i2if% C T O ? ^ I ? ? s f IFm (•eWTO) I
1 60
iil?s -TOs v i f ^ ^ TO " = ~ TO5^ i£l<Il c f i l ^ tfenft ^ ifl^ CTFT1% Rsra
. N N
^ 60 1
N P
'60 r (pNP
^ o Q ? i^^f^ ^ w^^m;^ tc^ ?5v^ ? S T 3 =9
N " P 60
(pZP
i£i?i tc^ 2Hvsj<iifD tfenf w ? f . i Q ^ . iii?s. S«î^ ^ = • cs^ ( V )
60
liiTO, z = '*iiciii)ibi^, J3?i 2 # C T O ? ? # w t iprai . o i * • « w ? r a 1^ ^9 c s r o i y ? ^ m.
*a?s. t<ôf^ - ^ ^ ^ - g i f ^ ^ I (Ci5r«TiC<5l??n5 s i f ^ DOO ? I ? 'gj:^) i
'RT«rtRi i f l T O (?i<3Tn TO-

L J
P = )r
A = >
Z = ii>^»b
N = <?oo
(p = 0.0%
Contents
>i8 (?!ft?5 TW<?IIa<>JM RC5!W
cpZNP
V = = - — —
60A
. _ : , . . .
'9^t so^ { V ) ( ^ i
%lTtipi«rt lil?^ % . f t . C^vso (J5T*, ôo i f l T f H r o RTIITt TO i£l?l ? n # f f W l

C^-ÎWlJil \ ^ l t W dillTJW? W % W ^Gi?
V = Cl«o C®^
TOI*I=ôoA
CBfTOte? ^sitSBT^ (P) = V x l .

^;53ox ^00% 8^000 m(5 = 8 ^ KW.
~ —
t=n^= —7—-—= • V = <hs,8b-KW
<^^8lro
CsniS?'3j«p^= = <ii,.i,ir ^5pg»i^ (H.P) ( 5 ^ 1
o.fl- IHTIHTO toi* 5J^^ ?5Tg 'il??. ^ W ' i W ! ^0% ^ ? F I , S ^ C^RTT^ \^\'^f.^ W ^^-"^"ffe
3f*fg f l a p Isri i?tC??
C^TOB? CNSldÊR ( V ) = ^^(? V.
C«STO^ ^TO^ (I)= 'IWI X 2 1 % ? 1 % ? = X 0.^= i S i i . ^ A
CERHIWU«<J ^3nS5-»^= V x I = ^ ^ ( 2 - x i 8 i i . - < = v^SO-iooW

CSF'ÎWBW'J •*I*JtT'*vs! ji,o%= O.J*
Contents
S<?itf^ $c*i'*IB<'Jt*T «n<3?n?i
lite ipm S<?,'»f5 <»Q<w Win. c? *ra%? ^ w ^ s i «»itw* TO* w t I^ÎTOP

iiOTtt5*m ? 7 ? I I
t . •sm. ifltp. S<^<T^ o>Q<iw wRf, - # 5 ?si:?gT <ii%«j ? ^ûs ^mm. w i ^t?n TO I
^ i l W l t l ^ R t t o ? S<^R W ??
1S.ft. CSHIWlJiJ
(Tttf^^Sft ifl'flltc'Gys <^*fTC?S3
i i i
OSHIM^? R l * CSffTO^ ?s»>»ft®^ C » r T O ^
CTf*llwU(*1 t«4|(^C'B* t « . ^ CW^rtC^fB? ( S e p a r a t e l y excited D . C G e n e r a t o r )
(?iTO*ft lawittBw % . f t CWTO5?I-I3?I #SC^ •j'^Rsst^ ii)«llct;' CTTOIIJ^ â^ntttJ®
WlwUWfJ f T O s fR?ia«t ?5lM( S<5.'<Tlft^ tt'QTO fel3«t w t TO ! TO* RTSTI^ * l f l ^

<mfWTC? (?TT5 W ^ - v i R 1 1 % ? ^ W l TO I ( ? t T O ^ tflfllttl?^ CWTOU? lB[^«f?»
Contents
^ <i<^\4 ?[tTn TOs t mi ^ ??l?&, ^ RTt^ i5?°v âRTRI o f f (^TTOS? C^r35« ^HTO 7 ^
TOPI
Field 4 § A'^ ATinatm-f ,
S E P A R A T E L Y - E X C I T E D DC CENIKATOR
C9I»R »ff?rf5K5« f^.tR CWIWTJ^ (Self Excited D.C Generator)
•#te? ^?CTt«r tat C'SrHlWlM^C'* TO W l TO I ?'?tT-(?5) ftt?^ CWTOB?, ('t) R l *
(^) t 3 # i f WHlMli-a (Series G e n e r a t o r ) 8 (?I CWTOB? ifl? ^ W?M «ildt>IW<1 R ^
1r%W R?37nf W t TO5 '55TO5 lRt?W CSr'HIwU^ <II?H ^^[®<n°v «mRTO TO* i5?»v (pm TOt* IRI^
^ f e ? i TO fen «pnfl^ I c'&'TiwUw'i cm Riwtt ^ w t ^ i ^ #t^
W57?R TO ftSt (?PR TO* gRit^Vft ^ t r ? ^ I ^ C^rfgl torn TOt ^ "^m^ C'ftR R W ?
2^R# W l I
ft!?® O^TO*C?l (?Tr5 ^ TOSW ^ ,
TO* 2J?1^ ^ t r ? ^ I f?s^ RT55FII TO!*
^sdcsjbTM ®«^«t^ u t i R I mn w t * i t c ^ t g ^ s ^ S t ?
•plW ? # I ? I I ? f t CRT® T(?jninn W I ^ ^ ^m

j f e ? ^ W t <11%C«3 ^5T^Tftjt TJtJt =5lf^TO
cTO>w « ^ trtzR I w:?* ^ titFi
?t1^^ C^TC^W ^ f ^ t l t ^ I ?siIWt ftt?W
CSRTC?^;^TO«t TOf RJRTO W t ^ ^ I
f?R?W ?STCSr<5 WiTI "gpTTO ^?t?n TOS i 5 l R f t * R <3
ti!|PlS"R R t t ^ « ^ftt? f l r o ^?°v CTTO IT'S
" T O * - i a ? sfunwiT ( T i T O t ? T ? ^ ^ t ? T «rn:^ i
Contents
fe.R CigrTOS? BI<^
i"^) T t * (.STIIWTJFL ( S h u n t Generator)?
C? C'Sr'TlWFWi^ - f t ^ 'snWFra
f m t m w ;fi?r?t^ w t «nf^ mm ri^ Curve
cmi^^ I TOT^ 1%^ 'srtwFf?

^ ^^(?^ fen 2F?itt^ ^ I ?tf^
»——, I f
5^ "5ii*n fen 2 t ^ # s ^ i. •ft^ <ji(:?iw<}
TO fen 1^ f f e n t TO* <2F?TF5^ - ^ t ^ v D t ^ Load
Shunt Generator Rated L o a d
t r i ^ ^ 05TC*W « C<jfe5jli*l<3 S t ?
Amperes —
?SC?I I ^ ^?Ttt%t1^ ?^ R ^ ^
mM c'to? R w ? Somf? w t •5? i f?*n?
IPt^ S-s^tg < j i % < 5 ^ ?sTC?^-ia? siwi'StH ^ i
w : ^ ?tfe?? >iiR^c'B<5 fe:^ w ^ 2R?ff|v5 ^ 1 ^ cstHiwUw (?n® ^?.wti w t ^^jp] *iidbi?

lii. W 3 * < n % s TO5, m ^ ^"z^ "50^ 'p^w TO^ i ^ « t , ^ n w r o ? (:on:%w ? f B %
( d r o p ) ?Tfe¥t -m I *iiwbiw53 c o i ^ ^?r*% TO fen. s<^ttfeo tt^"?n TO i RI* csron&cg?
tJlRjWlfel ColC^Sr tQ<I\£H%T C^fipgrR?^ -SHTO fe®'=t W t TO I
?i?^8 ¥iwt? f l r o ,FERCAFPTRC5if5? « csf-flwiJw^ i f l ^ s T t ^ %ni:?, t F i ^ ^ T f l ^ i . ^

t l ^ T O c§«t^ ? F r T O ^ t ? t TO I
( t ) ^P*tf©^ C W I W U ^ ( C o m p o u n d Generator) 8 (71 WI(1<](5W<J TOFI?-iiI? ^XTJi f^t^S? <3
ft* ^ ? w r f 5 ftf?si « triwpmR f ?.wti «nr^ w i ^ ^îtS® (r^rofB? ^c^^ i ^ i i ^ (mm St?
fti?w ^ ?si7iR w T O t TO51 ^cii^n; *iiwbiw< # i t o ia?°. ^ <*w«in; ^livibiw^ •
i t t ^ t m i T O ^xmi] ?s?t TOS I.
'n*. ^ ? s m f ^ *ii«bt(:«5<j 1?s^ ?sfi3^ ^ lawittsw "5? I ?tf^ TO* lRt?w .^C?FI? "SKJIT
fen.2r?i1t^ ^ 1 ? f t (?nw ? s t c ? * ? t t ^ TO ^DT^ 9{m ? t ^ TOI
CSRTC?5^ ftîgf # 5 ^ ^tbi:<is >i^|ijvs| ^ VDTÎW ^ f s J S w I U - o CSrHIMBfJ ?i7T I WITO ? f t
^ R t * -^m^ ?T*n ?scg X5tj[t -^ti^ mm i S T T O f t ? m ^^*tts® c ^ T O 5 ? ?C5^ i w r o
• f e ? R?I?t1 '^st^Rlft ^ j ^ ^ t iStt ?s^ TO I R^-3Tt^ « ÎVRI* I S w 7^ TORTO? ?s»tlSw
C€f'ltwU«5l S ? f % ia?st TOS I (?ftW <tt^t>!5w ^ ^ » t l t s :!Tt* C^'IIWBM?! t l f ^ ^ C o l ^ ^ ?f5% -JJ?! |
CWTOSC?? ColC^'St TOS ?^ wiw"Gw<i (?nw % l f^SfviSwfDo
Contents
•ETMT1%i-ifi? tn.^<i,_ ^ t i r ^ S t ? f ^ ? % TI
t^^m R?TTI 'TT^ #1C*<J Trft^ ft^C'Sr .
#TO5 ?\tn smR ^gs%n «2nr^;,?nt^ R f "fte
(Resultant) T # 1 ^ TOl I <?TO ? 1 ^ f til

f ttn ."^ttW! ColC^Sr 1 1 % ^ ? s % j t ^5tTC5T t I F i t
_^^s»t!S^ C ^ f T O * ? , t l - Q T O C ^ T ^ , ftlTTsn
*il?»v IWTOftTOFT CSfTO^ ^ <3C?fe°^, IQ-S].
(M.G.) C R C ^ TOfTO Wt •^??t «rt^ I
*l|{.Sfbl5( Q?|j|«l»*l^ (Armature R e a c t i o n )
? - « R ^ C v i b t W < l "SR:*!! ^TO* Sf^tft^ • 5 ? ^ i ^ W I « T ; « < ] c?it^

o l d Neutral ^
cTOra "SR:*!! %O° c^=t w ? * s f ? i ^ ^ i w:?^-*ii? plane j^^û.
C^lfec^-^te ( R e s u l t a n t ) t^S^t^ tlFT (Neutral plane) (:^-

Tt^ t f ? ? ^ W t t I t r o s t ^TfOTFf? 2f%l3F?n ? ^ ! WlWblWf!
2ti%t3FTO W T '^mf^'s ^ t i ^ TO5 -mx c s f T O * R ^

*iic^t>tMiw?i 2t%^F?t t ? " ^ 3 ^ "==nTO ( M t )W M ? Win c ^ r o t e ? n T ( : t i T U 3 # » -g t*i?C'n^
?1 R T O ^ Ctt^f <i<iiH ^ t ? l TO5 i
^ • T O d ^ ^ ^SirflJ^^ ( C o m p e n s a t i n g Winding)
^ t R C 3 # ^ >Q?ttf^?f5 cmm "snTO sivîwi TO? I ^ t ^ r ^ ' s >s?it1%?5^ ^rriiwn:?? R f t ^ s

Pi%gf Tjo-jTiii w t TO51 ? i ^ w f 4ii<:iJt>iM<i f w ^^n?:?* ?sT^t5TcRf&?, '6?it%vii)? "SJI^JT fen
2f?tft^ ^ I 2r?#® -^^TO f ^ wp:t?R?!it»s G ? t t ^ ? , - I A ? #t^, wtwFi? s f ^ W r o
f^?7?«m -^fen ( R ? I
Contents
TOT? W T ftSjM ^ W I ? T O ?s%n
TO y i ? i ii*n?TC5? "^R t t i : ^ Rfen
^trn «m:-^t m\ w S^t%'Rî^ cîfSf^^s ;
? T R ! ^ W T "^t^T ^ T C ^ I ( : ? t l R l 1 ^ C^rfiR I
. ^^nrc^fM (Inter Poles)
^tt^ CTO? TOITO C? R R I W l f CtFI ?TOn TO-^l^!i<>
^HJWCfR I t^BRiTOI? «?Tt%^ CSTlt! m TOt ?SW^ C ' f t R
R W ? ^ T O T O ? f f ? ^ ftf^CSr f ? W I t W l I TOT? W T
t * i ? ^ T O T ? «?rrtf%^-'ii? m ^ y r c ? ? si%f3pTO tîferrtw
(Minimise) ^^1??T C i ? ! ^<n<i ^ E ^ T O siM^. ^
t * T ? C T O ? " ^ t e TOl f^TSI*!? ^^%?n Cfi? i W T ^ t l v E C^f? ^Tl I
^%t? CTOT? C*rHlf?ft (Polarity o f inter Pole)
CîTTC?^ ? f t t ^ H C T R ? T ? ^W l I m^ C t M l ^ C T O ? C t K l ^ t l ? «lR?^t I
^<ri<^ c ^ C T O ? ctwnt?1t tm "5t(?T t * i ? c T O ? c t M i l W i t S ^ C5i?5 i
f^'ffvs i ^«ri<^ C5it^ c f F T C5i^ ^t7?T f ^ i ? 7 : n i 7 ? r a c n F n f ^ T i f ^ t c s i ^ ^ f ? : ? i
<P^j(.u*f^ (Commutation!
fe.ft cst^m<f^m tf??rli vara 2 ! ' ? f ^ t. ii"S3. ^<^tg ^ 1 ^sn^yn^^ ^^mi'J^-v
^ T C ? ^ <lf^C<3<! ^]r4/J) % . f t ^^f?WI 2f?Ti%^ <Pi^TO ^ ^^JTy^:?? mM < ^•'r-
c>s7'î!:<]i5i:<iiK^ \ - c t S % 1
Contents
t % ? f f t ' T O ? «lîWWll5?. ?5tC?* >il?5^ ^ t ? ( ?BI I ^f^t5»R ?t feP tS<vDM ^ ^ I• .
^.ftr c s T O * t ? ? M ^ (Characteristics of D.C. Generators)?
'fe.ft C S f T O ^ Fl^XW^ra W H S ^ t g t . A'^. 'Si^. 'Sîx iil«l5cB*R,?si4<jH5C<J' (I? ^ ?t?I s w » t
% . f t csTO^<:?? 2<ifttjvsi to cff^?i
(bl -3^1^ 37lf^ Q (?Tt-(?TTiF S ? f % ^ I
(0) ?i^g^ (?rFE 2?t^%«T I '
C T O S ^ C?«?1^C??
t1t?isiT%T c ^ f e ^ n ^ RT5K?J cwTOî?? cm^^sj f?rag«t w i vsiTO^t c?i«§n'5
(Rheostat) ? ^ i ^ ^«!r?! ^"tlSw C^fTOfS^ RT* ^ ? f e ? fttof f'vWIt ?#?n C^TC^

feiger ^ t o 1 ^ I f?«mj t r o ? T ? ^ ? n t ^ i.
C S f T O ^ CSTf® (Generator Load)
C'st'î «]}{:<] Gws cff^?i? 173, t5T? (:«T(:*w n ? i C^^TR:?^ ^ ? # ? t ? i ? 'sm^ i ? îi^s
i?nu5? ^ ( on) ^ I c s f T O ^ t^m cm^ RIRTO CTOJW i t ? w T % i
c^î^fB? m\ fei3'=T ?#rvs ^ ^«!f?T ^5^v»i(:<j«i '=§w. i f N q ^#?n t r o 2n:?nw% cîc^'S?
% . f t <3 c^sFir^B? 'ks; •?<3?ra w i iT>Girra î¥?i '5^?' \ fS.ft .:5I1%T? ^ i ^ ^ f r a e3^
I i ^ t r a '511^ (Loss)-
i^l "^-H? (Loss) = I 2 a X R a i
s^! f t e ^'H? ^1F?I = I^sh X R s h i
(1) 3T*f G CT^fwr^ ^*fr f °vOTi ^«?n? WT ^ i « i i M 3Tc»ra ««n^c'^ S i ? ^^%rt

!irrc<i5! ^^T?^ 5rc*i? c w i ic^fD* sn? b (^î ^ I M ^2^°^ (?rît^ sn? i cs^^ ^ i w
^ T O l
Contents
I ( ? r m ^ * f ^ TOt CPt^fft? ^ * f ^
, ^ ) ttlUlWl*!*! ( H y s t e r s i s loss)
(^) TO* (Eddy C u r r e n t Loss) 1

O i It^^s ^1F51-
c^) fen^^ «-^sîBUw*! w « t ? w r ^15?^ i
C^t^?#l? « R l t ^ ^«r5?IUil5 liiwg (Stray) ?I7r I C>lftW5j S'^flfes « 'It^
^•Tl^ ? | S # T W I ?I?T I
S<!,'1ltW (Out put)

<pt^ptwl = — — ^—
»^Rl^ (Input)
'8rRti = - —

Output+Losses
, Input-Losses
?nw!m = -
Input
R I * C^rHlwUM?! Co\(.^^ 8 0 0 V iil?t (RT® 4 > l « * ôoA I <?m5 W ^ t ?
% f R f ^ . ^ f F ? I ^ 5 t ^ C^TO5C?? ^ s i W ^ ii|?t CWTOB? ^<5ltCv» W ^ (H.P) 2tl5l«M
R l t o R l f ^ W I *II«bl«<l RR (Loss) = ^ffooW , ^ f e ? ^511? RR (Loss) = i'boo W '
i^Rl 'SRTRI (Loss) = O'booW
RRtflR
^ ^ W ^ CtatHICtli^Cflfl S^^Tlfes R %
= 800 X ^00 = h-o,oooW
c s f T O ^ c ^ ^^t?Ttwt = —^"^"^
Output+Loss
\roooo \rOOOo
\roooo+'\'\oo \r^'\oo
Input in W a t t s
«nt^TO?^R% = -"'^—
b-oooo-l-<\<Too
ibij.'ô H . P ( ^ ) I
Contents
i I ^ . f t (l«fHlWl3« C5TC%Sf W I W U " ^ ^ ? n ? ' l R ^ to (R'Q?! ^ I m-

_ (?5) C^tWf R S ^5tTO I
(^) R i f e «lf^9'S» «fer^jl*l I
(1) R^wtn ^ ? t T O I
(®) vbitcijbw ^ R i f ^ R^ ^ t r o I
^ I (pm (yi'sm w R?i:n coic^si m •^m^ w = t R ^ to W'STn ^ i ?5n-
(?s) I^*WWR|*IH R?M»t ^ I
(5t) (?nw ^51%^^ -^t^Rs I

o I c T O ^ Ri?T^ ^ ^'QTn? ? n ? « w ^ to G\m\ ^ i
(^) 3[Tl*1? T H 1 ^ ^ Rit I
(1) ^ R f ^ ^ f i c?j^m'i
'«p*t?cs#< >Q ^5fe?t ?5Tc?* RRT^ ?sfen? ^*n? « * t f ^ ?s5«r

bI tR?t*t ?st??t *tft^8 l i i ^ ?rn?T?
ST?1 ttf^ ftigi ?5f??1 ? f t TOi? ^«1T tS.ft «Ttt5T m ^\ *T—: ••
^ ? I M "5? iii?t c? TO iji^w? i1?5ni i:?ft vsf^w..««.
^ ?tti:?, % . 1 r c R c t l ^ vsi? I^ c? w ? ' .•>tf-^
tf?Rf1 ?y55 xsR] ^ ?ttC? t ^ . f t

More bubbles cm S a m e bubbles
'=TCSi#5 \DT? I lil.ft C W l (71 W ? ÎfTO^ " ^ " ^ < ^
^ t r ? (Rt ^5T?1^ ^ ^tTR I Wt?T? (71 vsK?
^ I ^ w w i R(iJs(i>i ? n t ^ ^ *tft^s ? j M t
"Sfm] fe.ft =i!5w<j w turn ^ t c ^
f <in ?ft f ?r?ti W l ^ I w t ^ ^ turn
fttsJTR ? S I 1 ^ :^?n ?ltT3 I tÔCvs ^ ?ttl?,
fS.ft «1!$(1H<1 (RCtfS^ 5TTt^ I "sn? ?ft 5fm ^
^ ' ^ t l ^ ? ^ ? l t ^ tC'SrfDo sflt^ I ' S i ^ T T O
J3.1r f?iiJ<^ f ? ? ? T ^ ^ ^ t o t^TIMI !*ll5vilyft^ S«?]
cwm 3f<n^ (:5j5^ >q l^Sfn r h ^ttr^ i t r o Colour c
^ ?Ttr? '5i%i?7Rt^°s ^nc?* i
Contents
•Gzws (?Tiwf (y^m m'^XM R f t i ? fS.ft I
'srm *iPiwHwfi Rtt^ <377r5 (TITO ^
^ ?ttW «IMi!<]CHfD"v TO* I
* i t o (RM ^t?t I^ ^T\?iwt
^*tFft5? S f ? ^ m^<^ wrft? fm<f

«#TO f ? ^s'ÎTTT? ^ !• ^ '^J^ ^
^ R<h<^ ( R M «Tw «rfen TO ^

?ttWWfe^TO*l
<15%t S f ? fS.ft c T f t ^ 'il^sf^ W

'srtsj?! ?i»^4tfei ^ I ^ -^j^ ^ Rite? 1S.ft
? i *irai ^ ?R;?, ^ ^t^R ( R c ' t i ^

w ^ t « n : ^ la.ft f?fTjj<^ f ? ? ? l ^ ? # F r ? f t S«?i
c w i Ifrfef ^5t?t ?r?i I ^ ^ ?ttr<i
'si^^WC'TfDl TO* I
Contents
D. C. MOTOR
tcT^p^ i£i?^ csiftsf I Tnm mm Iw^Ha^'jpr *I1TO *if^ t ^ « t ^ w t m

mm CSTTG? W?\ I ^ s i H r a c? fS.ft *i% w t H^r ^ s t r o iS.ft ? c n r
%.1R c s r f B ? « iS.ft c w T O S ? i£i«i ^ 8 Rtt i

1S.ft c'T'Tniû? <£]? îivibwt<5s Tffm R ^ TOt ^^ttm t w ^ ^
nt^TO S<^TftT5T w t ^ I il?st c v f t i ? CWTO5? ^ « t ? n CRTS?
t i r o TORt? W I ^ I mi « C^SfTlwUw*! ^«tT
^ c^TOfem t , LIIR. *II?S UiPj-n*! cTOJw LIRA ¥ i t r «
c?ft c«TI:*^ S«,IG ^STO i£i?t CRTBISR t . *II^.
t F ! ? ? ® ^ CTf5? « t f ^ fif^t ?5%rt ia?»v c w T O 5 ? i t ^ R ^ ^ W R
% t f t ® » R ?st^ TO 'SI"^ tW<^lIa<îW RF^ RTTTT R t t w
R ? ? T O ?sfen I
iJioo »l^l4!w WIRR t^m^ ^ (m (Heinrich Lenz) <3 Jwift^ WBf-WJ

CS^% (Sir J o n e A m b r o s e Fleming) 0\\^m W «llf<*M ?SC«R I
POSITION ]
Contents
%.ftcsn^
IS .ft csffBc^ ^ IS .ft cejHIWlJCsl^l i^mi 11S.ft îicvibH ^ n ^ i * C l T & ^ - i ^ p g -ara?.

5f1^ ?s^JC^tcp R?Z?tt W t TO I R T T O S t ? f ^ ? T O 31*T RTOf i l t TOi?
^mroi %.ft c T O j w cîfei"M?<<ii^ W 5 ? I
" -s^R ?sf|, . T O r o ^ i t l ^ ? ^ to I ^ 1 ? i^Ti ^sr^Rtf TOJ* ' r f s r ;
? s t o aFfti->ii<i ?Txi ^ to îj^nft, ^pi? S^r?? S^? R<i) i3?i % 5 ? Rf^«t c i w
(RiS«t) S«,f^ < P t o t S«,f^ (?i?p?f ^ t ^ R l ^ ctw^ft, ^ £TO? ftfft^ cTiR wn wi?^«t
? 5 t o I w i ' r i ^ ftift^ C T O ? wtwct ??f5t? to ^ j t o <^tf^ i ^gf??i Vi.o° 1 S % ^ ,
W T O *iiftt< ^ 5 T 3 ^ R t m ^^Tgji5»R TtR i 1 ^ ? ^ ? 5 t o I ?5C5T wt?t? ^ i ? m«(T fttf% TO*
<2f?tf^ ^StC? iil?^«pt? -SIC*!! f ? t f % ^ ^niTtl^ ^ Rfl ^ t o I ^ 9 1 1 ^ ^ C T O C? CSRF Rft •??,
C R t ?n?C«t f?M?!:?s ft?s?et ? 5 t o I W ^ 'SJtf^ *|H-iI<Jvs-^5p^ C ^ I ? ^ iil?53J l^^Wi C5t| ^^#C? I

wt?t? ? ^ ^tl^ «i<-sjH ft? iiro° ISîNs TOl? w<n<5, oR'v W T O *iiftc<3 "s-^ ^ 1 ?
W^ W T O ? ''tt? «tlf%C? I ^ t f t îT»s W ^ o^l W T O Tt^ f 1 ? ? ^ ? # ? ! ? Rtit
R?jt <3f(?m ^ss^^SctJ-TR « TfR t t ? ? ^ ? # c ? t liitTO 1S.ft C5if5? to WR??^ i # c ^ « r t f e i
t%.^ CrllJC^Rf CSl'DRÎM (Clasification of D.C. Motor)?
tS.ft csif5? %R apPl?; ?«It-
i I ftrf?WC5ni5? (Series motor) I
I Rt* C5jf5? (Shunt motor) I
vj) 1 vp'^lS'SJ CSffB? (Compound motor) I
i%SftSwf&^ ?s"<nS^ csjfB? t W I l ? f t ? 1 R ? 5 " t l S 5 C5Tf5?
Series Shunt Compound
ftt?^ CVIltJC?? f53t
Contents
C T F B C ? ? ^ (PRINCIPLE OF D . C . MOTOR)
TO I ? I ^ wr ^SRFWFI? ctm ^ CTO?

ftlft^ CTR#FT TOl 'STRSFW ^ I
^TOl^rt «IIWT>W ^?to TO I W I T O ?'»R

<p'ijc'i5i3fi LII? fen ftffô
8i?TF^ I " ^ - ^ wir^FRA-II) fttft®
CTPR fte ctm R R I I W ^<3TO wr
t^^ni?? ftw'^ TOL i^t
^TOl^rt *IIWBL<1 TOL
(R csnk?^ ^\wb\m R I I N ftto R^wrn wi TO
FTT^
ftflw CRf5?r ?7?T I M^ O T O R<>«=lfD
CSDL? ( S E R I E S )
W TOl ^ ^(TT^ C'ftR T ^ Wl ^ I lilt
wiiw fen wiwTO? R w TO* 2(?ift^ ^ I ^ -^m^ wm R I W T O TO* TOT
t ^ W T ^ I w<k'sniwi?. w ? * w ?i "^tFT #te <ii(iiiCT<i w-c?ft T^j:^ i c^TK??
RiTOf cviiUwfi T % iii?i ^ T R S t.iii"si. iii?5 ^^frrm R f t i ? I ftt?w cR*?r s r ^ (?nw

fenîT^'^fenî ^ (RTCw «t%i^ K^T I «i'G«<3 (31^ R ^ t t m fen î^^ w t
^ ^ t i ^ t r o tt^^f^tTtwiT^ 1 ^ I lilt ftl?w csri^ Gm ftfR w ^ r a wi w r S f ^
^ I cm^m i4, wfwro w ? * " f t e ? ^^wr^ S t ? ? S % | 9 ^ \ c^t^m-^^\j^
•^FWF t r o 'srn^TO <piw*-iii? S t ? 1%®? ^^fen TO51 R w t t (?nk??' 2ti?rsR "srs "5^, ? T ^
'snwETi?? w fen 2 r ? T t ^ TOR*? S t ? 1 ^ ? S % | !?n^ 1 c ^ r f ^ t t % ?5fen TO, V S ' ^ ? I T ^
t . iii"si. iii?s. w » t j t ? S F E N ? i t i ? I ^ *iiwbiw<J TOT* ? i 1 ^ TO I lilt ^n?:-^ FTTS? CîTO? t # I
^ 'sivsj^^ ^ I f?f*n?^ t ^ i ^ (Tfps ^ W l S f ^ ^ I lilt cvfB? f?c»i? ? S % n OT^^?
>rt* CsrfS? ( S H U N T MOTOR) 8 C? C^Hk?? "^Zm TOTO? Rft^ T M T T O T R'SWTN TO5

W T T O Rt*' C R I ^ ? l ^ 1 R l * OT5(;?? ^ C^jt^ # t ( : ^ 'sncwt? TO*-iil? tt??^(R? St?
9m ¥ ? ? ! i^ni^ I R l * C R t ^ ^ <^c?j=irD cTO^w-iii? R ^ f s ^ TO 1 t R ^ v s - i ^ r
«!^5jic*t<i "snwi wtrwt? ?si(:?* t t ? ? ^ ? # m R I * ( ? n 5 c ^ ' ^ t t ? ? ^ w i TO 1 ?ft R I * cuium
Gm ?1^5tWl ^ I vsl^ CRtk?3 t t % R T T O J ?#?n R l t l ? lil??. ^slTO R t l ^ ?It^ t.iil"SI. 'il?^ <3
'^fm Riti? I lilt t . iii"5i. iii?s. ? 5 t ^ ^ - Q T O w r wHRm ^n:^<3 ?i%?i ?ft(:? lii??. ?f?vs (^rtus?
wîT cRtk?? ? f ^ k w - G sizmR ^ t ? t I 'STFTO ? f t (Riw ^ f e n TO, ^ ? t i ^ wti5«? »t%
^^1%^ TO iii?°v vsiTO R ? ! ^ ?rt^ t . ^"T. ^?s-<3 ? # ? n TO i wtiwrs TO* ?5fen ?I<3TO ?SJ?T
(MVm ^ tl? I (RtiE t f ? ? v ^ ^tFT Wll5«<! t1??v^ ^ I R l * (Rtk?? T F E (?nw f ? T R <3
Contents
G^ w T t ? *f^«w! b o «in t f e r ^ •5? I <M»5 R l * csrfsi?? ^ % «rr:^ ?%?n *i%?n ^ « r i i

•Ji'sR C5if5? ^ tt1¥»s?ni?* ' s n s M ?s:si ^^%n «rn^ 1 t i t ? ^ ( S t i t ^ ^xm^ ^t??m
-wf TO*-?s:si «rn^ I R t * C5if5? ^m^^ TO % smw\ cR^rnRt r i *
C5if5? ?jR5K w t TO I s ^ c^rfs^ ( R f w -51^ w«f<n w f t ? y i ^ w t ?m 1 R t t ^ Ri^^t^s,
(Rf¥( 5 ^ , ( j T ? n ? I , (Rf*^tt5t t t ^ , t?lRlTO#?, f t ^ « SMt-til <1J<^1<1 ^5tRt «ftl^ I
CSffSR ( C o m p o u n d m o t o r ) ? - f f e ^r?IR * l l « b l « < J R [ ^ ftto ^

?si?R i n ^ i T O f 5 . " ^ TOS v D i T O s ? s « P i # ^ ^ I ^'=5>rt^ (:^Tf5i?? r i * ^ ^r?IR w t v ^
c'it^? -snwi ^ ^ w t 2ô?nfl ^fen TOm? f?in t n ^ t r o R?zRm w t ^ 1 mm toi?
TfTOT ^ f ? . ^ ^ I l ^ ftllW -ft^ W | c f w t ^ i ? t ^ ^«bl(l<t<t R'vin RiMn
W l ^ R t TO I ^"=^1^^ Wlw G ^ c^ntef? 1^fes T ^ i ^ i R^SiviSwfD^
^^'^mS© (jr(^m ^#sf ^ f T O ^ 1 t T O RtTOi '^fen tos i Rs\SfviSwfD« - ^ ^ s f l ^
c^ntc?? (?rn5 ?i^&ttTR c^nk?? n% ^fert 1 ^^^m ^xitwR:^ dîiJw*! S ^ ?sf^?t?
^ >ij?l %t11°s k W « S ^ ^ ^ T O ^ T O T S R trs I
Ri®fviSMfD« ^5«priS% ori^mi n% % «fti^ ? f e n ^f<t<ii«i(:< 2 1 ^ (?Ttw
2 f R R ¥ ? ? t TO >il?°s (?nw ^ wt Rt* fteU^ ^ ^t??n ( R R I ISTORfRRR ( ^ J l k ? ? (Rt®-

^^fw f f l i t n%« ^ "^^m 1 lilt csnte^ t4 ^ 1?*rm, liit ( R t o ? ?T?5J?'Q
'<l»**1l'®* CRl*? ( c o m p o u n d motor) 8 • # ? I R ^ tilirftt5*R R t * ' i l ' f l t t 5 * I ^ R t ^ ^'^X

ft§^ -^PXt^ l i ] ^ Sf?tft^ v S T T O s I^SfviSwfD^ ^s'^tlS^ (I^lfS? ? F T I ^ H i l H W ^^'"ttS^
?M1
Z, Z2
Yi Y2 Y2 Z,
Cumulative compound motor Differential c o m p o u n d motor.

R>tBfvi^tsif5\!j <t»**tl^6 CRl*t:?R R R ^ S f%tt?°v (G^, (<^X f^, ^tltsH fei* twtfe^
Rr?TO W I ^ t m «nCT51
f^?^tl?RfR?tR <J>**1I^* CHlUw-sI R R ^ S f W R i ^ i j f e r R (TTf5?-iil? <i<J^t< t ? (^"^
shtitstw -5?! I (Tf^^m^^t lilt ? j ? 5 t ? w ! ^5t?T «rn:^ i
Contents
b^v C?1R^ tw<*Ga^JM RCR«t
Cr^W (Motor Torque)

^ c?<m csn^ "i^m s R i v s i w t "5^ I ciji1?W5I *iicvjt>i? ? i f ^ R% ©"^ff^ ?#?n TO I
jcNT/feo, iqTO. N=wra, ft. (R. P. M) T CUlUw?] M (N-m) . t l R ^ ^ T O Rft^
^ 27INT Ebia
•ho 2nN
(pNZP ^
X (pZ l a N -m
W<il^, T = o.'idh tpZ l a P/A (N-m) = o.oi^;^ (pZIaP/A (1WTtft&t? Km) Z. A. P CSTtTSC?
(R-eRtTOsi t S . f t c s n t ; ^ M R ? P # 4|lcijb!<J TO* 'Q fiJ% CTO? IFTCW S t ? ft€?%ri
?Jt^'t. (Back E . M. F)
wf?ro5? ^ w^?tft. w f c ^ - i i i ? t ^ ? T f m mnu^ ^ f e ? TO ^?%o TOS ?ft?T ?R
C?fTOs ? s ^ ^ ^^%n RtWyf? TF??TFT ^'TO ^C'lÎtCBlîllC'lfDtJs (GF]^ ?5l? | <$t S<!,t^
tFR^CjfWtffi^ C^Fltot ?JT?s t . 'Sm-. ^Tfî lilt ?TR51. i^R. i W . C«TOI3? R^Rtft C^lt^ t .
liR. liHP-C^ Rt*RT SPTH ?s1??tTOSI
^ T O f S l R ^ t r a * (Armatuiccurr6nt)8
V-Eb
R a = WfCWt? C ? f ^ ^ LA =
la = m w i ? TO* ?1 l a l ^ = V - E b Rl E b = V - I a l ^
E b = ? r R 5 1 . lilR. iil?s, C5rf5? 1 ^ W ^ t ? - E b = O (V) 651* ^ I
V •
WIWFI??st^ = I -
Ra
C5T*? ? ^ C S T O ^ f i T O ? W ? ^ TOs^'R C s n t o ?JT?s t . lil'J. liRs. R???1^ ColC*W 4?
Fttc^C?ft^l Eb>V
f^.ft csrf5? W 'i^lwN
% . f t ( R * ? S*i ^^Rttc^ tS.ft cRi*c? f »sC?i«t S ^ ^^f??n fti^ ^ t c ? I R<«r?t
wnwns? R?i?i«t S%i ? s % t to ^ t i ? I to frc?i cffTOt
Contents
%.ft (Glt^ v,:!^^
oî<:i;(5t< t t ^ ^ f f ^TC?* fes tR^vi-H -^^'l f?«n?I, ÎWbW t ^ ? @ Rsra lil?
%.tR CHlUW^ (TfmFtt vQ fitf^^
^ 9 R i cvi<]IVF\O -<iQ(:\S F
(1) TO^ 3HLF$cG

' <1 t l w r a <>Q!:« ^ ^ w . I
(1) wwFm t f t ^ ^^sf%in c5iTO« w t •^t^

TOm >iif^cÂ|IC<b(<J TlfeS^ ^^sc?L5T ^^SJ^nt ^5%Jt % ^ ^ t l ^ i
^si^ JT«5R <roFt <)1l5c\S I

(^) - T f ^ V I W I O i } ? 1 ^ i
(^1 c?wra? 'SJtf^ I
5%«Cli
<t) mmm c«fMf i (1) sR:?rfsrCT %n}|^ w f f t i ^ ^5tc^ i
(t> ^ r n : ^ ^ ^ ^gsc?i?r ^^c#f fes i
•«rTC5.1 (^v gT»t (7r5 1 ^ ^^s%v5.^fC^ i
(Trns <pÎ5CVS-5?c^ I ' . •
(5) J:^!^ ^ I (^) c«nS5^ WfC^ ¥ ? ? a I
Contents
R5) ^n* ^ ^ T f ^ cs!m^ '5tc? I

iTl! w ftH^ csjfs^ ( ? m 5 ^ wî
(^) ^^5«TtS^ C^ffSC^ TOR!*R 1^ "^fWS
^ 1 1
08 i (^) 3T«r ^snjRwi} mz^ ^^w??
m i1w!? ? # c ^ ^^tii? I •
(t) TOFB CtFTI! (^), (OTTsr® ?[t(:?[ i
(®) "^TOM ^ ôm (^) t*T?CfK?ra C T t s T ! ^ .•^tW I
(5) ^ i i f 5 t r g ? #w
(5) ^ * I K 3 J . <1t%tt?t- I
m ?T«t 'spsp TFL7»IRW ?T
(^) ^ ^nf^ :>i»Ejnt I
(^) gi*t '(%nH 1^ •*Qivo •^tw I
(j») «iidiiwc<)<5 t t h r o îTCs CTTO^

(^) -©^ Tjf^ i .
(^) *^ci;i;«i w i (t) <>^LS^ ^-'fi Gi -snt^ (TT^ TO.
Contents
R?
o(t\ (?5) s i B n w i i T f % t ^ ? , w r f e ^5ti? I
C^) tfhFI? RITO TTSi^ 1^ ?5i^%t? i
(«t) . ?5%^ " ^ t l ? ? f ?5fe
(?) «ii6iit>w
'(?) 'i>ll<lV|l>R<J<; R W ! t f ^ T O Rt?JW CSIRTSTS
(RtS? ^!#1?^ (?5) (?n® I (?5) (?n® ?sRiti® •?ti? I
(^) 5 ^ ?sn?Rs»(H ^ti? I

(^) ="^#1 I
(*t) f??rf?'v c5i?TO5? -sntjiw ? s t o
t??l11?^l
(?) t f " ^ -sn^Tw gti»t? csrm? ^mtj:^
(?)TO?<32mi? i?ft I
(«) R ^ R?it?t to ^ti? i
f®. ft. WlUw^ ^ml^ (AppUcation o f D.C. Motor) 8
Series motor S h u n t motor Cumulative Differential

compound motor compound motor
i. 1 S r ^ p R tw<J>tl3«f>, % n1% R t t ^ RRpf&l (?f?tf?t C5lftR, tl^, t^?T?TORTt?^
(RftsT J s P J . O T ? , ( R ^ fw ' t f w w^Tr
5ft ? ^ . 'ilR'v ^^plR, '^*tT*l R r * f , 1?ft2R?^s1^ ?R:®?m c ^ i ^ , cîft?. <I<!Î? ^ t ? l TOS)
?siTl^5?HR, ?TR St?5 tn, S 5 . ^ ? 1 ^ ^ (?lfti^ ftR, aFIRt?, -JJtt^. t ^ T5¥ ^ ?
CRft? C'lftiT tt% ?S5I|
5n?f^TOi
Contents
CR«T (tm]t c^fs ? s r w TO m r a l ^ 'fTf(<i w m «rtfwi? w i w w R : * U (R.
(Electrolyte) s t^w^mf^ <i\m^<^ (Tfft ft^) 'm<f--?]m % w fen

TO* fif?#5 ^ t ^ : ^ TO I (?!rxR-Jii<!if*p®f^<js i # F 5 , ^ n t ^ twff^ i
^C*!«ltcSly9 ( E l e c t r o d e ) g TOl? W fen tmiSlRttte? TO mz?^ SfWR ^ s t o
TO lijî w : ? * '^Si^ TO vsiTOs ^cî^cgt® ?!?r I t ^ m f i r ® ar^; ^^n-tiwf^
. ^ l1??t% W fen tW^îiBWIîJ ^ t l ^ TO* ?lf|<5 ^ TO mm "TU^ tm^^ I
•(Tl^Jil-^, ?fitf, ?!T?51 t W i f t I
w f T O , c? t ^ R i f ? fen tisRjtiSMTtt^ TO* 2 f m ?sto TO mm o^'^ tmm^

<n?r I ii]i!«ifvipîvi t^snft i
?Tf5lft (Battery) 8 5w<^lIa<^JM ^ S<pi I iil?stf?^ OTR? f ^ f t r ^ ? n * l f t I
t l R ^ ^ *ff^ ^ ?#TO (TPTsfe ^ - ^ ^ W ! ^ I
(Classiticatiou of Cells)
cm ?«n- sntsnft cm-, c^mw^ cm i s n t ^ cm wtro f?feg s r r o ? ^t?i TO^ i

2i?5i^
T ? 2f!?rsi csFfSit^ (Voltaic) cm ^\{<m ^ i lijt <i«iît<» cm ftt%^ 2f?n? ^fi? TO i

?«n-(i) witor (^) c«i<ic«i«i ( ? f 5 T , (o) w t t ( ? M i£i?iTOt w R j antsnf ( t r (Tj^w- ( ? 5 ) •Q'U^
^îfSro ^tlWI^ (Weston c a d e u m s t a n d a r d cell), C^l) (7R I
( R l W l f t cm RT?T? ^ SRST^ I W - ( i > ) (?r5 (?r5 liPrS (Lead Lead Acid cell). (^) fe^
ii]T»T^ (7M (Nickel Alkaline Cell) I
• a i l f l i t CRR8 Gi cm <si$m ? j ? T O '^^1?TO t ? ^ %fi?TO ?i?TO w TO ^n ^stro^ ^^ttRift
iw<n<?, lilt <R5T i?-Frw ?5?f TO^! ^ntt^ ?»jtcw<ji, liicîlvi'GM twift i
? T r ^ ,
w U a I S ) CRRS Gi cm laW? ?J?TO ? # T O f? W f T O F t W ? s f e n <IJ?^M ?5?t TO ^stTO

c»c<j>'*i^ ( ? M ?(?T I (7m-?Pi, 5 t ? ^ , 'nt^ twif^ I '
5rt«rf?«t C^«r^ft^ cm (simple Voltaic Cell)
^ T O = i (:«T%Tt^ cm % g writ? -mi ^J-TO « 13? ixi^ ? n c 5 ? TO? •5n:*u ?TOt
<<m i i l t ^ 9 - w t 1 J , t T 5 f ^ N l t c l 5 ? l ig?fWI TO I . ^ T l f ^ ^ TO "Tift (H2O) « >tMf<?Sf<<ls
•s,fm ( M ^ s o t ) ' ' ^ * ! ^ î??i 5(i=i<^c5i=ii5i5 2^s?nt? ^ i w "^^f^ s n ^ ' T O ? ^ i w i R°sWfn
•^1??n (Ti<3?T ^ ^'^W ? l T O t ^ f ? t ^ ^ f e n (RiR? "SR:*)! S<?,t^ ? n i : ^ tC»S?n;« (Positive) sm '^J^
Contents
(Rl'tl^ (Negative) ^ T R : ^ to SRTfl^ ^ I <7n?ra R i t o ? STPgl^ R l W W R W l ^ t ( ? r t ?nR1?f2Nr'

"s^m ^ I JiMRp.SQ^' ^'m (H2S04)->ii? «i1w?n (M'^ fiw
j^MwU ( S O 4) w r a i R t f ? « f « 15? i£i?°s i T f t i ^ w
( H 2 ) . f l ' S t J ^ FP^ ^ t ^ s f v s if? I ymUFS { S O 4 }
wt?R % » v i w " R i ^ t?faRn ?s1??n fei?s
(Znso4) S<i,t^?s|??n«m:^4??,?5tT<jwi^^^
-an.* w
• 5 i t i T O R O T ? 1 sfferm ^ ^ ' t t
?sti? fc^f^ sm ^'^x % ? ? 5 wf5 (Riti^
tiR^Fi^ i?t?t 1 T i t ^ seres fsr^
f SIRlt ^ 5 F t o t. ^"5!. 'il?5 t l ^ R I ? l t l ? I lilt t.

iiTi. ^-jp. sfm i».i> V ^ 1
C^m^t. 'S^. (e. m . f of cell)

Gm f ? t R wpfra; r i ^ i iR,, ^«fûm m ^ ^ ^ T O s R ? r ^ t t . i ^ i ^ . 'ii?' 1
•s^ t . <ii^. lii"^. csi^ i?i*T? w t < # R i t W I ? m I
<?TCR? f*f.f^ (Potential o f difference of cell)
t ? (7I(R? s ^ C? C ^ S T C ^ T ! ^ ? ! ?T?J mm ft.tS ? l f ? W ?C5T '^^X I t. ii)"Sl. 'S\X?= PD

C ^ t w t J T C ^ CSK^ ?f5% I ^ 1 5 ? , . E = V+ I X R
( C h a r g i n g )
t l R ? 5 ^ W R S<!,f W t ? I ?Tttftt FTW W t ^5t?t I •Ptf^v lil? R ^ ? t T O f t ^ •»t1%5 «t1t?=5^

^ (?TC5!?i TO 5C'=i40a<J>iti R f ^ ^^nfw i5t?t «ni^ i
(Internal R e s i s t a n c e of a cell)
*i«iN3{|1«t c ? f i f § m "sm. I ( ? T i ^ twHJ^s ^ t R c t t ^ c ? f ( ^ "sjc?j fen st^tft^
^^sTn? 3 ^ tw<f<i5Mitl5 2ITO? f ? ? ^ 'c^, ^ ? s % n »ni«j51 iqt ^m<Pt *i«j^3!3)«t wt^îw
?i5T I lilt M f ^ ^ i t ^ mm -Q wT?]w^ ^ f e n «m:^ 1 ? f t cttrs? R t t ^ RtTOn p
vsRH w tt^^ft ti?rîSiRtti^ w c?^ fej%^ <?nf%r? w w5M#'^.'c?fwtriR ^ isti? 1

-Ai«i'5!^«t ^ -^t^R (RFi? f ? w TOf^ ^ g s t o w f r n ' - i ? ^ '?nw ? 5 % i (jfTi:^ 1 csn^
f?^ w ^ , c»i% f^si? w t lilt t f e n t W l ?t?i I ? f t o ? f t f ^ tot .^tc?* R???t^
Contents
?s%n m I lilt ^«j^l1«t m\ ^*n2rf« ^^tnt cst^ûm Rf5% ^ i t£it c ^ t ^
RlSfe^-W^n C t R ^ J j f e r m I S T O R (P.D) W ^ I -sjl?^Rsf^, *|oj<3J^«t «fsr^JI*l (R) « TO*: (I) I
' s r s i f l ? , v = E - i X R ^
OT'?n R f t i ^ (71, T ? t « tfen«t TO* <fkm R # i : 5 s R n f ^ . ^ t c ^ f ? t s tf?T^«t £pmiif^ci5. mm^ wr (RR ? I ? n * i f f^Rbi^ ^ ^ i ^
R W ? « R (TTPT? ^spjferr
Rf*n?t C5T??T? W^jf^JJT TO I. W -
W c t m t t w * R ? i ctiTO«t I
(^) f f % taRTf S(?rp5 ftf^ R i T O ^ r c«iiii5<^ (RI^T^ fe-^^rts? w ^n^îw
^jtlSfl^ fiTRlft^ ^ I TOI ^«.?s cîtS? TOl*? S f R R S ? W 5 t W t t R t ( R ? I ' i l t 2r?lft® 2 f ? T O t
^?r% to ?i?T I ? I T O (R ( R T ^ , % m t w i f t Tt-Q?! TO ^ f%s^ I w<h<^ TRITFG*^ I
Tt%I faiTOP si%3?5 ?#TO ^ ^ %i?s TO^lf? sflRt fe?rTT% I^RO ^ ^ I
1if??5 C?f5 w r R F l f ^ s S ^ l i l f t i : ^ Rl«IT ferf^^vo TOS <lfen ^S!^^*!^ " s u t O t S ^ S t ? TO?siSt
W5T* RIf??T TO I ^ 2f%5^ ^ ^ I
m cTfmrftc'^ ?t c ^ R M F 8 TOI* 2i?itt^ ^ « T O 3 ^ ^^rtiTOR (Ha) ^^ftro
2 f ? l f t ^ ^5t?t ? s t l ? C?ftS? S t ? apCSI 3]5C5I tmt Wmit? W t t ^ TO I ?P51? W T ? 5 T l ? * 2 f ? t l ^
t % ?5f$r?f TO iii?»v (?n? t ? s l i T w r c ? ?^ TO I ^ît «r®Tf?^ s i t o i ^ c t m r t i ^
?(?r I c t i T O f t w T O s 2 1 % ^ ^t?TO mwtm-'sit wwtt®, R i t ^ liiftE. ?iti?TO*
t S T t f t ?rTOft^ tTf1<t ? J ? T O ^?t?f TO I (71 R W ? T T O f ^ tiTT<f C t P n ? T t W * f ^ R ? T I T O ?ni5f
? J ? ^ ^ t ? I TO mm tS-Ctt5n?TtW1? ? W I «1Jl<MJ!*i (7n?T W l f t S f \ 5 T t - « W t ^ 1S-C
1lTO?T?^^t?ITOl
( R I W i l t t T O T t l s r W apf^ t ^ I ' T O WTl^Tt TO I
?<?n- i I ?i%^ t ^ I •
^ If ? ^? I T O t ^ t ^ i
o I ?ITO^ t ^ I
Contents
. Îfwt?l«1 Cfm (Daniell cell)
<t^s W R T O R ( R z w ^'STSN? TRAL* ctwm?

?#?rf « ( m « r ^ traits 5®?n1l w i ^ I TO^mf
FTAIF^ i w f ^ 5c*l4(JAL^ T ^ T O GSTW ?SF?¥I TO
4?«V S ^ TO *I%»n^ ^TT<I RI«1C*ftl5<L (CUSO4)
^ <]I<L<L<5 ^t?l TOL RTOR*?
( C U S O 4 ) 9 M i # fe-CnWRltwrn ( D e p o l a r i s e r )
J9?I\(.< M^ ?#?n TOS I ' ^ F ^ "Â; c i H m MAIL^
^ *•*
(Porous P o t ) ?5tl<L ftft^ «LH«Wf TTAI!^
fe'jr® R T O T I TO I CTOIR T R A T O • (Porous
pot) >iwf?pS9<S i # i ® « ifmmTOw

W I
T T O ^ TOS I W I •HWFY'SQ^ cilftw ( H 2 S O 4 ) 3^1

5w<iscBwi5i; TWIGS C ^ T L ^ 5w.<i5i^
TLTO?S|W?S^TOL
iJF^]-^ -^F ( PRINCIPLE ACTION)
^sâ^ cm <j<iî(i<i<j ^ i t d i ^ i w iTiR ( H 2 ) S«^t^ ^ I c t i ? R tiart^ TO ftwftl^

I ?«n- z n +H2SO4 - > z n s o 4 + H 2 . i i i t c i ^ i w . t J P i cfigpi t i a r f ^ fen . ^ f t w w i ^TI?
•HWCycU*! R l l t viltît ftlaRl ^Sins H2 + CUSO4 - » H 2 S 0 4 + Cu.
<s\T fttora W I •>ti*if*f'SI^4 iflft^ S<!,t^ ^ J5g«V ?stikgs «{<?f^ ^MWI c^\ ^TW '^"^^ tot
TO'iTiai t t r o g m i ? TOS I w i t o ^ i cm^T. ^^w. i,.o<\-s^tifs i . i s c ® i * ^ T O i
R i ^ vi«i(,^<) tsfjRg S t g ftw ^ f e n «fT(:^ I t r o W«J^H c?ifw%rm « ^ ^5t?i
TOS I t i TO* TfSten? wg?n? g5j|[?n '^ni^ ÎGO t f ^ T O ? m r a w i ^ t ? i TOS r
CSRssgm ( L e c l a n c e cell)
«tî ( R W J F i (?TCW «ng«t trai? t r r w i ? ( o i a s s j a r )

TOS I int ? r m w H t o « i % * t # 'iirnRiferR (îif^
(NH4CL) M^ «ng<i' g s % i i TOS I iît iijpr^
?R7I I TOl tC«1<IicSWlti; f 5 T O gsTW ¥g?ll. TO i C T O R
iraf^. tfiRWTig? g r o n TOS I cmp^
tiîf^ wTTO, viigsf^ ?sT#^ w g r o n TOS.I »1W TO
TOI? F i t ? T i r ^ ?mmftw ^ - w ^ i t ^ (Mn02)-ii?"ft3=»
-fl?°X ^ ^ l ? i ? I ? « ^ (?i^?l TO I ?srg;?^Wf^: c^RW ti:w1^
t T R g s ^ t i r o >il?°V W t f t W W l t - R ^ l t ® (MnPa) ^ - Leclanche r e l l
c t m i t w i ? t t r o '?siw ?sf??i TOS 1 t w ^ r w t r ® t ^ ?rpi
mm » T O ^?n?n TOS ii?i t ^ - c ^ t t ^ t^R^^jr® f ^ r o
Contents
QhsN ^ (Principle o f A c t i o n )
?fwir»i ? m B i f ^ i^TTwiferrsi c s s m t i ^ (MH4CL) ^ i w ? i w f ? t o ?5l?Tn
îttftlCBHC'^ ^ ??fen ( R ? I t ^ t ? t o to W ^ s ? ! ^ - Zn + 2 N H 4 C L ZnCLs + 2 N H 3
+ H2I ^StUSWSm t i m WR1? îWllHiSr i S l t - W n t S . ( M N O 2 ) ^'Tft^ 1 ? t o t ^ f e r t CtHTR
tfSlfS? i ^ t ? ; ^ ftf3F?n ? t r a (H2 + 2 M n 0 2 M n 2 0 3 + H2Q
<?RpTnR t . ' i ) ^ . ' i ) ? ' . i ' . s i f t i ^ 051^ ^ t r n TO I t 5 H • w ^ ' ^ c g f w t j r ^ s r r a
«<j«i^t?8 c R W j F i ( ? F T t w < i ; 0 3 < p cm, ^ ( ^ ^ s r r ^ ^ r f ^ i
^ttCTR (Drvcellj
'Hrs ii)?sf& ^tn?'^ ^TftRtf! cm i ? ^ ^ i t t r t t (^TWJTR (TRR? "SJ^ I ?!Rr#RF f g t o
( R w r i R (?nR? Rf*4ii<] I % ? i w S^siftif in?«f tpil^ c^^^ tFiîJw ^ r o
?#?n « n w I ?r?T ^rn^p la??. t w f D ^ ^^r?!?
.56=i<ISIUAIÎ^ ^f?-^ "ftsil^ "STRFTO ? T O i <?rn:<p i c t t r a ^
?5T?^ RT®? "sii^T ^ wmm? fFT larrafeiT^, % ? ? 5
( M t ® , w t f t w ^ - w ^ T t ^ - i a ? (?lt ^ ? 5 t o ? ® ^ W f
^PF??Tt ( R ^ ? ! . ^ I lilt ( R t (PAST) 'SWI \ n
i r a , . S ^ < ] j < i ^ w 13? w w t t j ? t ? i c'HRt « w i ^t?n ?T?ji

R R liURft?!^ t T R ^ J l S R l t ^ fiRfC? ?nw ?5l??t' SfR:^ i %?.?5
(3mTtw ? i t m f t ? W o t ^ ^ ii)?°s -snwif^
w i t - 3 f ^ T t s l^-cTiRtgTtwf? t t r o ? 5 T w ? # 5 n «!rfi<i51 ât
?TF5TFT? GfC^ sm )>.(? C5^ ii)?°v W « 5 ^ ' ^ C<lfif§]T51 •
ymi sn? lun^sifen? ^ « ? i ? (AH) I ?-«F! S ^ g
iôa «l^îic-*i<i m * u fen sfgift® ^ i. vs«R .(? cs]^
'^sfen ? t ? i iil?S1^ WltlRR^?Tf5Tft b ?<J,^ ? f e n ? I ? ^ ^
^ s t o S ^ <iJ<iAi«<i 'snTiiij-^t?! ?T?i I
R w ^ i - s i s ? 5 j | r f f i 5 ! ^ , ?5yn:wi^ -mtc^, cm^, c ? f S « , •gg-^ ^ t w i f e : ^ ? T ? ^ -^tRt TOÎ
• g i w n s f%i^ ^ntiw? g n t t f r t t ^ ? t ? m i ?«ft- b i ^ - ^ n t w ? T t ^ i _ .
f s f f w s j fit^s^ ? r ! t ! f t
Contents
^ TOI S'sinfl Wl ^ TO i t^rPtro ^ntcsmit^ ( k o h )

« %t?sârsnt^ If)? ftgi«{?5?t^,wi^ <?rn:^! (Ritl^ f i j a ? r i $ f ^ c m s i m a w r r o
TStRf TO5|
•'^tTT (1*11*11 * I ? ftlî^ CHt*tt5^ ?W<>iSlvb-*J]<J Ft^ftl^-

ti?RiiBTRtti^'? w >a?«v ^mro lw<s(J3Mi?c^ w^fe^p
wMfîBf^* wwitc^ (Hgo) ^ c^«?i TO I cmpm
« $(;*i'^'jai«ii^l> $'»i^cin>v*fni^ S*i? «j5fn5n 'srns 1 toi tFSai
(RTOt ^ 5 T O I t ' ^ p ^ v t I T O * TOf C51«lf^ gsf?r?n (?rm
*ft|PHiPi
" 5 1 " ^ I TO*f tiail^ Pmt MwlU^ $(i*i<i!i5i\b f t r o
;v.;i QtciiiAv
?sfen TOS I <nTOfeis ftlaFTO 'Sit cm
ft4« ^ ifl?l CtFIRJttWI^® ^ Rt I RWll <ilt (Rsrfb ^
^ «<fen R i t o ? R # t 5 i iftc® i -o cs^ ^fmm ?sfen

«rti^ i
'SIRJtRJ ^jlRm R ^
bI^ ^ I ^?T%i to iTit, o I 'snse-t!^ R ^ 'Sf^tt^ 'sjii'^ (Tift i
'O'^Rrt?: (?in tlR^'Slft^s W R f J R t ? ! . $t*'4(J5lft^ ?f?«f tl5RS^Tft?s ^
f ^ R I (TJRara $i,<1^îSlR<J> ? 3 R l 1 ^ W(m ^ TOS I
c n w r ^ R i t ^ I if»p{ cm TORfra Îtr, ^S^^ cm^ cti? TO*-(?if51. ^ît^. îi^. ifl?°v 'si^s^ «
? f t « l R # t ! ? ? (^%SjT>T-*a? «*»? ^ ? s % ^ I >f5?ifs (?isr«ft »t:^ R a p i f ftgftf^nsTO (Rs^n
«i ft^-iJBimfemi
ft#W f^*<il»I ( S e r i e s g r o u p i n g )
?n1Sif?i iiwit«(?s <?f9roft t^m*w 'si^*^ •^(.^^(M-^vyi w ( R i t l ^ (?m ^ i i t o r w t

^ mm ft^ ftro W 1?? I RiMt? Ct]L^^ ^ ^s^TO WÛ (RfSfeft 7toj?nt W l
2??Rf TO ! ftt?W felJlR RI^RB? (:3^^ I
Contents
R = r j + ra + ra + rn
r , . ra . rg an^SjRS C T O ? C«lf*5j!*) i)?l ft1?W 1 ? T O I ? (?Tt^ CtolCêr ^ - ^ CRCÎ? C®TC*W?
c?i»m9r?RWi
E = e , + ea + 63 + e„
F o r S e r i e s Ctreult
nE
cm '-^rr^ = i-s R + nr
-y^:." ri = cm Rlirt
R= c^twtrm
^?f5%= I Xr .
t f ? t W T CcTC^Sf = I x R '• •
i> ! to W l f ^ 3T#t5?f CsrfS C<lfe§JT^ 0 C5n?VC5T£%W f ^ ^ ^ s g s ., ,
Csrf5 e.ni.f = n E (RtS 'SPSi^gfR C ? % ^ = n r
E
R+r
iii t<5i| H5S| K5^ 1^
e j = 1.6V r i = O.IQ
0 2 = 1.4V- r2 = 0 . 1 2 Q
f>3= 1.5V r s = 0.9i2
Contents
€ 4 = 1.3V r4 = 0.06Q
E = ? R = ?
RT = r, + ra + r 3 + r 4 + r„
= 0 . 1 + 0 . 1 2 + 0 . 9 + 0 . 6 = tm <»1$<SI1)
= 1.18Q
C5lf5 ( R f e ^ = 1.18t2
^tm Wtf^ (R, E = e 1 + e 2 + e3 + .....Cn
= 1.6+1.4+1.5+1.3= 5 . 8 V (TO <Jr-Hlt?Jl)
cRf5 csr^ = 5 . 8 C51* I ^m)
^?sif*r^ C T O ? ?lf&fSt ? 5 ? f ^ *f?i31<J i 5 # W f?RTRTOTO"^t?! TO51
• iuingj
t i t w r © f t ia?sf?^,'^?r?in w i '^•^'^ mm
tJWMW f W P ? ?I?T 1 ?n*Tti5 TO'?
â^jTfep (:?n? ? i cfR!:^ -fn^ww fejii^ wt
^t?l TO5 1
'frraKPT f w i w ? C T O ? ? i ?rr&tft c«ic^sr R ^ TO^ cit^^m Rwrt^fv* c?
_ 1 1
= + ' + +
r1i 1r i 1 r 2 1 r a
la^fH?! R = CsrfS C<5firîl*l I
ri, r 2 . ra. r n = smj^ C^WT? C?%?ll^ '5?°s fnlnsrf^ fern^^ f T O ? 5*11

^ t l ^ ?ltt? ?|5to ^5tl^ C5rf5 Cg1w§T1^ fêra ^gsÛo ) ^;
C T O ? C5rf5 c ^ % w c ^ t*T?iTFf c?lwtrm s c^rt^ c?1w§rf«i TOT ?5f?w' cn15 TOf* ti«i
E
TO i 'fisn- f =
R+r
Contents
>8o
^n^tS? ffr^ (3f«?9iw « TO* ?tf5s w
s £ T O C«f«?n TO, -<VWVU
r j = 21J
r 2 ' 3£1
E = 6V
R = RR <!5^?
R = 2Q
I = ^
1 j_ 1
' = • + • • +
r n r2 rs
6+4+3 13
12 " 12
12
•afKM 'Wnsj?! wrfs^
E 6
1= = 2.06A larwferf?! i
R+r 0.92+2 2.92
Contents
?TT
(Series- parallel grouping) • '
• 'O^fT? :CmZ^ 15#CW JO?? ^"-^ t l H R F F ^ R l W I t W ( ^??T m m fSTB

.?î J^'^'^''''—^-^
^n3i iTO>w G '^TC?^ ' ^ w i TO5! (?nu5? yfftwi 'sj^pnf ^?sl^ c^nc??
f w m W l ?? ^-^R ^ T O * t m 1 ? ^ !:«n?^ t m ^ i w r fsi31<îiw<3 m\ o o n ^ -s

TO* S ^ ^ W l R ^ ^ I f ? T O , fea f<w)icj-i^ grn:^ i
> I ftw ^ ^ f t n y >iif¥i^* c^li'^w wfst'B'Ji*! fef?r
' RifîS? TOI* ^"=1? ? # : ^ ^ t i ^ csrt^ (:TO!^ êt?j ^ ^ t o i ? t i ?

f W W ^ R W CRCST? RTO E = ne
^Sr^m E = cRi^ c®ii:*wi
n = 'Sjfe ISftgw « K t ? C^^n^ra f ??iT! I
wiTO ferrpiw c?OT >i^c« csn? ^^f?l^ 5t7?T R, = ^ (-SfW CfTTW c?%tnR
m
on? e.m.f = nE.
n= s n : ^ ft[^ ipcf?! Tfo-jfn s nr

m
m = t n ^ m f^RIPTf^ 15#W sRt?
Contents
^ I ^ < f t s ^ *ilf¥tB5i TO* tR<?r t ^ « f -
nE innE
csrr5 ^^Tfi?* =
nr mH + n r
R+
+i I- • +
I- •»
- +
W/W—
mnE
i5TO I= u i = ^'rf4f5TR f%?rjTJTF^ 1 $ ) ^ îo^^rn;
mR + nr
E = CslfS C S t l ^ i
n = smi^' 9 ^ spr,t?i f »o5rn I
3x5 xlO
?1 1= r = £ f % C<WR? « % ^ . f l ^ ! •
3x2+5x2
150
= 9 . 3 8 A.
16
I = -siw
^SRS C^nm M I ^ ^ J I R (I-Q ? t l ^ ^rf^C^^ TO* ^^1?°^ (7TI?T? tieNsj W : ^ r g ^ g i ^ ^ j
RsrrsftR? csrfe (3fwlTm= R + r = <? + b = -JJQ
1 =
b.(?
R\s?t°v ftt^stSi ^^17;^^ = o.:^(f A.
Gm<l tl«m = E —rl - b.<?-(i X oA(t) = V. W ? * o.:^<!' A

f?5? t t ' ^ = i . N ^ - V.
Contents
gifSift
WtS e . m . f E b.(?
jlRtRtRJ' TO* (I)
b(?
JJJ ^ ^ —
R+nr ^(fc+(io)io.^)
N.B: iiof& (7M ftf^CSt T f s , - ^ WT? W ! is. « ^ ' T O * (Ri*t ^TITR I •
^m*,^«rs s n t s n f (RTR? e . m . f b.s v la?^ w « j ^ « t c^tittn^ i s ^ (TFT ? f t . 8 Q
c?rfw%iKw R w R i ( 7 n t WT ^ ^ ^ti^ .
(?5) 3iif^dbi<i (?n^ TO*
(^) ¥t<lt^ ?ff! S ^ 3 T i f ^ i7#rw T T l l T n t W l ^5157 ? t l ^ TO* W ?tl? ?1% W I
E ^£ b.8 nE 8Xb.8 d.'h

(^) I = = i A. (^'i I = = b.^'t A.
R + r .S+b ^£ ' R+nr .8(8 Xb) 8-8
'ShK'<i*ls 8f&î^'iJiSt Gm?i msr¥^ e.mJ b.8 V iQ?°s ^ i 6 j v 5 j ^ - i wtirS-jiî s ^ cm^'m
15)i?rBf 7[«jjj|5t -fff^p"? (:?fe?5ip5io.8i2 ^ I t& 3Tff^'Tgg ^ ^?pô .^-^ y^xcm^ S%t
5l?t(:^ I S ^ Rtf^t^g w : ? * w i
4
C E L L R E V E R S E D
- W V —
Rtf^lS? ( O T 5 g J t W i f e,m,f = (o-i) x i . 8 = ^ . b r V
^^^1^(^15? « f e ^ t I R = 8 + o . 8 = 8 . 8 a
8£
Contents
b88
i I w ;s;^TO ^ ^ tiêinTOI.
vs 1 aif^ CRR? < ^ i ^ c?Pi ^ I
( R i ^ s ^ CT^w ^nro TO W l TO I ?"«n-
i I iflftB cm (Lead lead acid cell)
^ 1 ftm l i l j m i f t (RT (Nickel A l k a l i n e cell)
€sn», RTl^rtt? (Parts o f a lead-acid Battery)
i I fl^fSo « ( R l t f ^ (Positive a n d negative plates) I
^ I CTTO^ (Separators) i
« I tW4i3l*5l5^ (Electrolyte) I
8 I TO«f fiaj (Container) I
11 ??>1 (Bottom Blocks) I
^ t CSrP TOW*?R (Plate C o n n e c t o r s ) I
S I TO^*?R (Cell C o n n e c t o r s ) i
V l * ( f ^ CtT^, (Terminal Posts) 1

^ I C c ^ ^ T R (Vent Plugs) I
CSfi»^ opiates)? Rt?1?«n5 c a ^ T j ^ TO? ^ TO I 'Wt—

(?5) ftw* "jstc® ?si^ 2 ( t o i ? Ri^jjw « 1 ^ tn^ ST* cffu 2®tnl^ ^ t
(^) ^ ^ f i g ftpft (?ti5 . i i ^ ^ TOl ( R t TOCS caU fisTO ?5?t ^ I ?1TO (m ?W1
j n * cats? site® c?it (plates) ca5R-'ii? i cpr—
.(^)S^^R^RÎ
(31) 'SflTO *«?«. « ^ ?«J ^ I
(t) ^ W ^ T O I
^J5?l«.RtTO*f ?nC^ C5lt CtfSR ? I ? ^ TO I ?I1^tfto5 CacB? ^ttCJ® C?(C*ff&5
caSR c?Pi TO I ?^*T, $c*)'^.djiw<i 2 m ? ? T O « i r ^ ca? c?ft TO i
Contents
CT'tusfB? t nc«in!« csfBR « CTitf^ csflS'fw '^«pp^#jn ?ift?!s LIS^c^TFRTSGH *fr55n ^

wiî ^ t^jOT^ RTsm ^ cRttcfei f i T O R ^ ?KRj, a t f ^ * M , *i5?Bi a w «
% e R wt^ ^ 5®?n? W l ^ I
Wl ^ TO I ^ »ji4if^59* liiftus? ^ * t f ^ « ? F ^ i.v« 1 8 0 % .iiftcs? Rfljs <jo% •nft ft*tit?t

tC*i*CSl*1l5lJ 2s?tf^ W l ^!t?1 TO *ll^ v3V%-^^%) W l $W«^,4El*lltcUi1 «lKlftF?s « ^
i . ^ v o -5? I tw4aai*n5i5 &o?if^ ?5§?i?i R»ra *ivo4vow îf^ •nf^ « . i t o ? ? t o^ 1
«mr«r •rtai: <iit TO*i iTaiR* ?HH, ' T O W t ^ , cmm. a i i ^ « aiRTOI&sTn§ -^tm TO I
^j|TJ|^5j ftfo^ 'Si^n^ft X l ' R ? # T O ^ t 5 J R F l ^ ?531 ^ TO I
RBR STR t TO 5 ^ ? m r a W l ^ ^^PR -iit ? t * 3 s*ra cals«ft ^

^ I carB? ? s r ^ m i '«fl5i?i catB? TO RI^-RTR^ R t - ? t e TO,
?mi? W l ^ TO I TOl? % 5 ? C? ^«i?f ?I?s TOl? TO ^51TO t t i i l l l W ?B5} s r ^
?i?ii
C?|^ ? n p f ^ : cai^ « (RinfB« (SRik

C?, ?5K=^'B? AiAHi^ ?s?1 • 3 [ ? A 5 t T O Ca^ ? f t W [ ^ ?i?11 C a ^ ftf^ R?3?n*T ?5§?|? >^
TOl^^ <J<^W ?5?t I .
CT«f * i w < i 5 ^ s ?itBift? Q
' ' p ; - : ? ! ! ^ OTW S ^ ^ t j t o ftta R<i?nn ? # ? i ?
c? TOi^ ? i ? ^ ?s?i ^ mm cm ? w ^ B ? ? i 5 i 1 fes^ cRvB ?t?i .fit ( ? p r © t o R?i?nn ?#?n
W's?! ^ I <i\l\'îi Stisi? «[?rs'(?pi ?5i(R?>i;? TO I
UlPfHH C*rt^ J ?Tt?lf? ? l t t ? ? ? ? ^ <?THt?si? caB TO^S?l^ * l f ^ .Cfl^ •?(?t I UIRHR
cnî^ «rc^l^ <3 <?^»il^ f g ^ W l ?5^' ^ 1 'Gifij'iM c T O a Tjiîd ?iftJ?? R t f ^ ? s t i ? *

^l^-lill^ W l ^ I t l i ^ f ^ 'GIRHII ,+VEW??t W C l R J ^ W — V E ?t?l wtt? I
*rH J attfB ?t?T? «^<?t?l ^ f t t t o l (Polystrial) ?t?1 2 ^ ?s?l ^ 9 I t ^ ^ ? 1 ? C^To

? ^ TO I -iit C o * a i t (TO? f^TO ? j ? ^ W l ^ I -iit ^m t f e n ? i i i 5 i ^ ? TO l i f t
«[«f?i twîjcijMittJ <w?i ^ I «n?i? ? T O tc,«i<â}i*iit'G ?tftca îi ?i?, w t ^ a i t «FITO

? ^ ?5fen to ^ 1 ?jiS}f ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ Rsra c « * a i t w u t t f e n ? i t o "5?, ? t T O
?JlBtlt? TO ? l f ^ ^5tl^ TO I
cm n^TO ^ ^t<?r ?ii^tf? iceriUvs c a ^ *n? ^swtw ( P B O 2 ) 'ii?t. ( ? r c t 1 ^ catf^ ' • t i

(SPONG) «[««[?1 C W T C^re ? i l «n?«l TO I ?n*lft FS3JFT# i ? s ? l ? tietlTlvs ^ftli§K!^
Contents
OT« f P R i ^ « Rift S<!fl^ xpfenTOSI
H 2 + P b 0 2 + H 2 S O 4 = P b S 0 4 + 2H2O.
mm %>[b\L^< ^ J ? ^ - ^ RTO* (SO4) ( R l t l ^ t W P ^ n j B ? (Pb) to
?t?nftl3F?n<jR i T O <m. R T O * s<!:»t^ ^^%n TO*I pb + S 0 4 = ( p b s o 4 ) .

Tfs^x, iLism w ? S®? ca^ 'antpRsTO (?r5 RpimB «rf?«f^ ^ 1 1 ^ "î^
g s t o ' s n w p ^ w ^ ft#?n ^ 5 n ? i I
H302 + 2 H 2 S O 4 + Pb *• 2 P b s o 4 + 2H2O. (Ii^>ibi4f m%m

2PbS04 + 2 H 2 0 — * Fb02 + 2H2SO4+Pb
îfBift? "smîd* >£iTiRf»r?n? wrsTrna s m * t w i i t r o AH TOI w t ^ i laimPrato

^ra? w t 'a't g s t o *iiira1»mi? ^'STO ni«?i TO I <jii;i^< ^ w t ftwftft^ ft??i S'ra ft€<j
c m - i I sfm^ cs^ R i t ^ St? I ,
;i I (THR? c ? ; ^ R i i m S t ? I
v5 I .#l(?5? t1?R!l«l? S t ? 1
8 l^^tTO I
<?r > i i ? « v % ^ T O ? S t ? i , , ,
(3n«n?«f5ti? ? r ^ i f ? t t ^ i t ^ cats? St1?m*2t% ?^ CRSftgifi? w © t o . i AH
c T O w <jlT3|î4 ?sn:a* ( D . OTO!^ ?s?I ^ I <??TO R ? Rsra TO*

t r e ? ! TO, ( R t T O c«i'»i^»i^w «j«ir?t .flw. (RU ? J ? ^ ?sfen ^^wwl^»v ? n c a t o 4i«c*
t^«P5 ?s?l i[? I <PIWCHB<I t t e j f i ; * Tit'? ? J t B l f ? ti^ffi^ t r f ^ T O ia?»v 4iWi*?
WiMlU* T l t ^ ?TlSlf? ( R P l I ^ Slt^TO R?Z?m ? s t o ^ I ? f t t S . f t <*|«t*? C t W T ^ R t ? !
'n?'!? TOS I ^ . ^ t c ^ i f l f ? ^ snbi? R l ? ! » # r 5 ftt^ tift^<«r?t t i f t R t ? i , ^STTO RIII
T j t t ^ TJIPJHI*! ^RftOT cpr?it ? n t i ? , c? ^ t i ® ^ f r ^ ' a n r o îtiiialiar'i ? ! % (c?
^tC® R ? ^SitUS C?ft ^ f f ^ WTTO • ^ t o f l ^ ?lt5? ^ (Rltffi^ Uli^HW. ^ C? Ult^WI*!
? t l ^ ? 5 ^ t1?Rlt 'TOstl? ^ f f i p : ^ ? T % ^ t l S l ^ ^ t l W f ^ 5llijHI*t ^ t l ? l 'Sitm^
t f t ^ R1TO 'Dlf5iH|4l ? s t o ^^l? I
Contents
•Ptfi^ ^tfiNl* (Method of charging)

RI*n3«T\5 'FÎTE RJIIJITI ^ WT I ^
i I% TO* R ^ (Constant C u r r e n t Method) I
^ I% (Constant voltage Method) I
« I CSRSf^'^nJ T5f^ (Rectlflre Method) I
> I% ^ t c a * •^K1% (Constant c u r r e n t j p e t h o d ) ?
C9TO D.C ^ TO, OTtTO «aS t l f ^

< 1 >
1
r ^
? r ? ^ WL ^ TO I ( i i o - ^ ^ o V) ?llUllî)
5TF^<. ^-•^^ CSJ^ "STW S^ CS\^W
?#?n RjiBif? *RBfl^ *nt??Rj TO ftto R?!?nn ?s§?n ?jfl>ift ^ wt i <flt • i i t o •rt«?mj
»w (Loss) ?FEN ''p <fl?*t ? M ? n 5 i ^ I SmJSJ«wJi*i tcfl *a?5l^ ?jtBtfl? csn:^ ^ os^
« «j«j^«t a t l f ^ o.i I ? 5 Q , S3!j i o o cs^ witcat TO* (D.C) ^ ?s%«
ftflsfcaiî^ (R) « ^ ^ RRiîc^ RiTO *ft<nn Rtti? I

i o o « i o X r + >.V-+ >o X o . i
±1^
3
Rif^ « ? ? ^ {?fi?ra t . vflR. ^.tf loo V
?5tc? ^ caWim % TO 1 ^ ^ti?t Fif^TO* i o o > I OA
» IX + + 1 xo.i
l = i . J » « A « ioA.(an?l)
Û5?[t<.Sigf^ Rfw«f ^ti® ^ TO CT, fl:?i * i w t * ?NI>tft IN^ i
^ I% CStC^ ( C o n s t a n t Voltage
m e t h o d ) ? «flt f ^ h f ^ C ^ « i %
LOW voltoge
?It*lft 51^ W t ^ I <LLTI ;^{L CTOTSL C»t#SF
CSl^ TOt 5T¥

aff^ (?rm m cîc*«t TO ^st^H ^ttc®
^ I CWRt,
RheostCt
J
c?ft ^ i t ^ fen F T ^ ' P I ^ I
^JlUlDiJ CTCH^ C S t t J r a i t ^ • f § # R % T C ? f % ^ TOIR ? # S t 05TI?(»W ?Jt|JlR
(TO f ^ , c « i c ' 6 e j ii^*J<iK?to 1^ I ^RITL, 4?sfBCTttJg• r t ^ RitlJif Ft^¥itRpn
Contents
iSbr C?ft^ %R?sgWR'fCTO
>(t C5i*i»fen^ ^stc? I % TO* 'RRf^ ^ csn^ «tsite,«nOT ^*f5? w ^
« I W-*,!^*H«lfl (Rectlflre m e t h o d ) «
^ I ( ? I T O U»ltc w t t r a t TOrf» tf^*f^ ?5fen c R i c w i f <j!Bi5ic* Fifi^vWl ^ 1 «^n;vi*iw

&S?ltf^ 4 ^ cSiastS:^ SmWMl^l, TOT®, C5T% ft^, iiffTsiWRI, ^ « 1^®W?I STOIW
^1
*m5?«tJ iî^ îtC'îWÎ e . m . f i . 8 V iil?«,«isi^«t a^^m 0 . 8 Q fti^ •DBflRW Wl
TOI a n : ^ CJRTO 8fl;?sfeii ( T m f t l l w <fl?^1^ c r ^ T O iiBitRi»i w i TOi S ^ i i t ^ b ^
1 2 C 1
-wv-
(^) E x t e r n a l Rtf^B TO* SRtf^ ^twt^?

W smPf (?RTO TO* kto^w
(t) RifBttt ftoR TI^Nsi ?s\5 -^tl??
(^) CTlS e . m . f = 8 b.8 = <t.* V
nr 8Xo.a
p « - o.<^^ a
Contents
? T 1 ^
External R l f i ^ TO* 7 — — « 0.88 «\ A
(?nBTO* oj8s'\
«R®PJ5 C^P?*!^ TO* = = o.i8Â
( t ) RjfB^g *n<Nsj = (o.<^8 x.88<\) = - o.^vs«\ » *.vsfjj« v
tBifl^l v8o1^ few ^Jl(^?<N CÎR, aiW>J*I^ CTR ^ 0 0 A H * TO f^»11>l^ ^ 'fl?'S.«» R*1
TO ^ TO* ^ I Ttatt (D.C ) C5n:ft«j A « o V ytif«. *tl5<^H4l«i WI^SJIR ^
SoXffXioo
Vo% ? # ^ W l n AH= = ^<?o AH.
Vo
« » R * t ? ^ % T O * = — = 8 ^ A (stra)
vaoflJ an«lf^ F t ^ * « o Xi.vS* - 8 o V .
( 1 ^ an'tfeP 4?«. (?W CSTi^)
V iô
wf^^w = R = — = •^'S.ff^n
vsoflJ ( T O ? TO e . m . f = « o ^.<\ =
cgf^^ W l ? " — - 8.^8 n
8.<t\ a ^«r? ? t e ^ i p j , Ft? c?]Br^ji*i ^'m^ ? t o "^tc? <?fTOi ^ i
^8 58 % (JoK*^ f ^ i t e ^ Wl ^ 8.<?^ a Wl^^Jt«i "Site? 4??.FtM*v

TO:*?"^"5t^ 8^v.
At e n d of c h a r g e t h e c h a r g i n g r a t e would b e = ~ 7 = A
8.UX,
Contents
•nf^ AM FI»Ri (3ifS«, cBftf%^, dTO^5^, d>ft??m "FLFA^

^ , M^^tl), ?j?Rt a r t ^ t a , « F i R ^ •sntw, ^ * n ^ , R T ? - c ^ , CEJHIWFI;^ c%n^ t ^ i t t o
?jmTO RPI^ ^ «ifR^ I
i I tl?W?25WtcB? C l f t f t ^ atl1«i^ i . ^ « o ^ t c s i.^Vo ^ .£WfSR5t^ 'smns (?*|ftf^
^1 c?in t m ? i TO ARITLJS <ITTF^ ^ ^ t n t : ? ^ WIJT
Fif^V*A?I ^ WITT® ^ t c ? ^<?RI F i f ^ T O * ? F ? 5 t o T Z R ^ f S p i t t l i ^ S T O ? r t
I art^ (TO? c®t?:?&CW TO an? ^.vs C«T* t % ^5tw, ^ ^
8 I *ICEJL^v» catB? ?»v?^F?scs{^ 3TSJ? .il?^(?TC»ti^ Ca^<il? ? ^ ? ^ e s t ' s f ^ ftR?t? (SftU? 1 «
•^tc?, ^ ?Tti:? C? F1«# ^ ^ T O I
^jtStft ?T«f ??t?Rtif (Steps In Chaining Battery)
i I ?iiBitt? © t ^ n •#Pi? ?sto 4?ân3n^ UIRJHR*! 'n»mt« ^stc? i

^ I CO* ain 'fl?'v ? T ^ AR?R5?'PIL •ff^fl ? s t o I
v81 TCR^DITRTTCTJ? CTiiSR •#sF! ? 5 t o - ^ t ^ I AN:?ITO ft«^ t i f t to *fl?^ C3* « f t .

? t T O io1^« Rrt^ % 5 ^?TWT TOS c ^ to "TO ? t t o I
8 I ?lfBlf? CotC^Sf (Voltage) TOI CROT? C S T i ^ (Voltage) f S N ? s t o I
* I ÎTC»biRBi5jTOL?nt>tS>? 5c*i<p,c5i*ii5c'B? tps^ *rf^«F ? ^ ^ ftft?I ?ITO
4> I C 5 * TO? ^ RttttC® CH ^ ^ "5? I ^^"s ^ CH ^ ^ I
^ I F 0 V 4 ? R ^ ?lfBtf? MCedTJ* caiiB tCSjIDo 4 ? ^ C5IC*tfB« cat? 4 CHCtlTJo UlPiHlCM
Riait (Supply) RTt^^TOIFt^ ? s t o ?TC? I
y i^rnsrf^ ?sTcg* ?i?i Ft5# ^ t e I
S»i ?s?I C*T? ^[tc?I $C*I<fci3Hitc'Bi5 C'*|Pi(*L>* tShn ? 5 t o "^tc? I
i o I FT^ WL ? t ? 1 CNCST TO TO Riait (Supply) *nt=^ ? ^ ? s t o ^ t ^ 4 ? ^ ?TfBlfl? W N l R

cit!?? Riatt »nt=^ FTF^ ^ t o LITW I C?ITO ?nBtft WI ^ C?ITO ?^ cm ftto ^tim ?s?I
Contents
^ TOI TO TO * f t N n ^ J t o -^tPiI (?pn m

?gin TO I c*i9!«ft ftto TO c»?t C J P W t o
ii TOf^ tRPf *ffen*i I TOIPH5«RP? i.i *f% Rifen ^rorn? 51^
^1 tiTT^daPnttBii (?fim i t h n ^ J t o -^tw i c a ^ f t ts^n^djpnti^ TO ^TOIT TO t%^,

*TO^pto^tc?i
o l C?f%T?lf^ÎW-B?I?ItFT^ W l S f § ^ ' H I I
8 1 F t c ^ R ^ R O T t ? cniRiifl ^ ^
« » I ' 5 l f % ^ F l 4 w t ® g « RS I
'\ I « T O ai5? TOI R l ^ TO C R t r o ?IlBttt ^ I
y I ?B11>ltt? •flR^^Pl^''^
R T i ^ t f t 5TSf ^ % t R (Charging o f a n e w B a t t e r y )
' <Sf^ ^ ? J A c = ? aj«im RRCa (?l W l ^ ^StTO* ^ F l ^ RWI W 91^4V61<J

R f ^ ? P t e ^ I cwm, s«ra RrfBifl? xrt^ ^ i R ^ ^ni5ifc« tcR^^^Hitt
««PRTO to ^ c*(f5rt^ «ni«f^ <?R an? )>AÔ ^ v t ? a ? an? r*i
^ ^ t o ^5tc?i in®i ?sii?m *i?i ^sn?t? ti?r?FîRtttB? (rjftf^ artfef^ c r c s r • i f N R t o '
i s t ^ i R f t aic*ii«jH ^ mi mm 5c*i4,cSi*ii$u i n t o ^ t c ? «q?âK?n^ ?ifBiftw «n?i?
ifpst^fe^c?! «nft ^ TOf^ F i c ^ Fitc® w TO ? t o ^tc? I Wlc^^tw
<?lftf^ 4nfof^ * i f ^ ? t e ^ t c ? 1 c * l f t t ^ stifof^ ^.\ô ^tc® i.'^v-o 1 ? ^ ^ TO
(aiisn^ Rii^ T5tc?) I >fl^ <jtlBil]c4 ^ l o i R * mm îtc® w TO ^R51^ ? t e
»iit l ^ i b i * ^ « a w B i ' s i s R i g s t o ^ I «qt ? n ^ R ^ « i m R « j p n n ? # ! n # R F t ^ w i
?iii I ^ -^jiTJillc* «nft ^ «l^>ii>i'^ -^^m 1 ? 7 i « i R * ? s n s ? ^ t«R?n^ cspn i
@ ^ ^ F T ^ (Trickling charge)
Wl ^lUlllC* W caB (Rate) «i| Ft^ W l ^ , ^^<^ ^% Ê^C®

R'R F l ^ W l "^Jl ^ mm ^?spt» F|^ ^ I c^s^ 4?'> Rirf-<fl? c ^ >iit *i?cR?
51<^WT3??1
Contents
CT <?i^ « c^Ts c^Ts <iif5r5 crcsnr ^ m t ?
(?s) •ttonm C^'M^ ^ *Hc5iPt«v ^nf^rB, t»JWc«fPi ' n t c B , torn SKSTO 4«iitBw
l>'l*1|Wli9 C ¥ I 3 W W l TO I
^dJlWMlt*! ^ • v ' Q RltfB*v^^f^C^ W l "5? I
( « ) i ? B B f ^ cRtB I <iuiJj8*PiJJW, « ? n ? ^ t ^ n f t cRtB i
(F) R ^ ? j ? R t s r f ^ t i w , w i « m R i t c ^ « ^ ? ? t^sjito I
«£|f5r5 CRt^l? ^(^((??t R ^
i I THc^HRs R ^ ?jfBifi? cacB? s«m 3nm ITOB 'TO? VS^R t r o * RTO»R m i
1^5f5Kw RSRi (?^R?ti^ 4?«.tc'6ti^« ctfB (?r5 R T O t B n i s T ® I FT^ ? s ^ ? i ? * ! ? ^ t ? i ? RTOfFB
(?r5 4 ? ^ MS 4 •r^'ns ^ ! (?r5 STTO^CB? t%^?s«n ? T t « T?* RMWIWIJ

•<MT t ? ? T ^ S T O R?j?n*T ^ I ft^ftt^ ?q?:«f i t ? ! ? * ! ^ S^T^ -5?! I ^^^n-
(?5) i.i^*%5?ifBflfS3j5i^^tcî
(^) S ^ ? ^ t ^ .il15p5 ' I t ^ 1 ^ 55?1§ ? 5 ^ ^
(n) ^ r t % 1 ^ ^ t R M ? W I I
(?) oilsi^w ? 5 f e i «ifeii w ^ (Tpfen ?iRc?i I
'SF^S^ ?H ^ T t t ^ ?}tBlft? ^ W e i ^^fen ?1? »il?'NRTO*R8 ^ ft? I RTOB

, w t ^ c a k ^ S ^ Fi^ *ii?"s^#i"sFi^ W l ?5?i ?!? I
^ I C?|tB? ? t ^ ^ ( B u c k l i n e of P l a t e s ) ! CStB? ? 3 F T O ?l?sft"s ?5n "^^l I ^ ' m t a i t ? ^ Wl
CaBoft ^ ?1? I ?ft ?IlBltt TOR?s W ^ FttC^ C?Pl fferRef F t ^ 4 ? » s f e 5 I 5 1 ^ * ? T O t "5?

^ ^ i p l ctfB ?ai5 ^ ? 1 ? ! ? I ? a ? ^ ?jfBlf? ? 5 T ? W 5 l ^^fen ?1? I Rl»n?*P5 ?ap c a ^ Itl?^
^^fento'5?ii
v3 I (?lf®WC**R ( S e d i m e n t a t i o n ) ? ?jfBlf? ôRI? ^ 1 ? ^ 'W:<i? C? ^5511^ ^ "S^?! ^ I T O
C#WC*«R?5n^l lilt C 5 # W * ^5[j%fe? ^tsjiait, S^ TO F l ^ , tS3I51# tWift? W l "5t?1
TO I ^ t c ^ C>lR!«*«ft 1 § 5 1 ? lil??. tW<liUaMltT3«l5t l Q 4 ^ H ?sfell "^Jl I
SIR?- ( S h o r t circuit)? ^^<r^ catB? TO w(Swi*il ^ l l - ^ I ^ B i^t?! TO I
0 1 ^ TO R^-Rlf^B ^ti?I tWÔjMltB tfl?^R ?sf?Oo ^5tC? I l 1 - 1 # S , catB? ?3F51
lil??. WRR? ^ ? 1 TO 1
Contents
?m*f tc*i4clii*i!tcB? R ^ ?sfen i.
C^m^ * t f ! ^ (Testing secondary Batteries)
i ^ t e g t f ^ •rft^ (Hydrometer Test)
?iiistf ^!?^TO 1 ^ , > k t AjtcîPJisw m

•ffh^t w t TO I t5J?J TO ^ « t ^ ? t ^
TOt« TO, ? t ^ R;?^ TO? RCT? TO TO I
.fl^ RifBlft ^ i . ^ V o I «/8 F t C ^ TO
i.Jl,<fo I - HCS^ Rt^ i . ^ ^ o I - Rt? i . i i o low
R% ^ TO 4 ? l T * ! . ^ I ^ R ^ ? l f 5 t t ? R1S(
^ (vi»>lt>t<^ *\^tm ? t CRSI • t f t ^ (High discharge Test)
CRIR? R'S-Rt^B i f h F l ?s^TO Wm «flt

tfTft^ ?s?t I <ilt TOt <?IR
RR ^ ?tft? ?Rn ? t ? IOTRCB%t?,-flt ?I?^ /

?5?t ^ I «fl?5fi» C R t - C ^ t ^ ^ 0 5 t * ftSl?
TOt 2®?lf^ ? s ? t ( o - « V ) I TO t?'^ TO?
R t * S r f ^ ^ ' T O l ? t ^ <RR CBTO? Csrt'v^t^ TO
ROTIt TO I >ilt cmK ^ <?RR? UlfilHlW? TO
R?j?nt ? # ? t ? # r 5 ^ I S ^ ^R¥t<^ TO*
RTc*? R?i fen 2f?tft® ^ 4?"s •RiB^jPrntR %mm

•?lt-^RFI^ <5*1?
tol^PlUlW Cff^TO1
? f t JlWCVlS R % ?jfBtll ^ TO, ^ ^5t(?t 15 (Jpsft^ I ^ ? f t Rl*1t*f'B TO
^feR5i^ ^??t I^RFtc^ «ni (?i^!ntt? 1

^wi^ ^ cBtt?, ?nSif i f ^ ^ ^ f ^ mi 'S^^^mm \ <flt i l N n ?jfBtft ^
^ i r o 1? -^^^ ^ I •
Contents
dBlW«f '«'ll»tlt''fl «j»l^n'»f«l
«?n1» aitQSTiSRi S«!:»ftfe3 R % 'enfl? TOII^ ' s f ^ ' d ^ CTW?
ifflwPRn? ^«(?n? ?sT^w5i - — — — T——
ort^f^ c?Pr 1 ? s t i : ^ <JIT;ID< (?Tpra ^st^^sRi^ ?sfen i t ? i " f l ^ cm. <sl^ cm u t ^

? # ? t ? wRi ft#tf^ wtfR ? t o ^
i l (RR I^RSt^-ÎQIt? TO RS3?t F t ^ ? ^ S f ^ I tC*l*d4t*1lt45? C - ^ t f t f ^ at1%f5 1«R

i.iVo ^ , ^ S ^ tot^11? I
^ 1 FT#-1%R5IC^ M s few ^ ' S l f ^ t ^ TO F(^-iSR5t# ?!?t ®?s R ? I
<91 tPt^f^&RltcB? TOR (Level) , W U t CSf?^ S R B I ?tRP5 I
8 1 tw^^cJiHttcB? ( " " t f t f ^ ^ o t ^ i . i v o ^jtc® i . ^ v o i!:s?tsrc?t^ I
* 1 1 1 ^ ^TOl tJlR "5t?1 Rtl^ ? ^ Ct?R f%5f t t ^ C»PS^
^ I Ft^-.£i? 5Ttattc?? tt«in;« BIPIHM .£i?»v (RctfBs uiK-'iw w o t mîf? RCÎ?^ "ii??.
CRCtl^ TOtt ?5%?1
1 ufBiftus .iifts (?rs?i F f e ? ?q I
VI i s f ^ *nft ^ ^ *tt^ (?t«?t ?ttc? Rt I
^ I uf&itt? turn 4 ? » s R ^ ?sft?n R t T O i S f ^ i
10 I "aipRsfe? u i B t f ' ^ t t f ^ t ? «n?t? i f t Ft^ ? s t e ^ I ma ^stlR ? J l t t f t ? R ^
tilîlf'lltB ? t f ^ ? t o I fes^ f t f t ?t?t U t S t f ? CS^9\ ? # ? ! s t R T O wntC®
I ca?«ft ^ ^«2t?TO ^ ?sfen t f i ^ î?Rt? ? t t o 1
11 I u t S l i ? Rc«o ? 5 ^ tw4c3aWit^ * i f ^ ^ >iwR»SQ4 .flfts TJisn S § < ^ ^ I
i ^ I ift u f B t f *sii4f5iv»iw RttfBsr.fl? w ; ^ ? t ^sRitîi ? s t ^ ? r ? ^ ^ t ? i mi ^Jt
?j|"Dl51w TO TO Fr# ?s?t Sfg^ I

i o 1 cfm^ ôiTsnait ? 5 ^ ^ 8 8 o ° c S i c ? ^ ? t s$<^ R ? (?ft ^ ^ -^ti?! cat ^l^^l^lf^ ^ft?stt?t
HtC^)!
Contents
i*i ?nîfc?^^TOf^TO?Ftt<:s'5ri^^TORT^RR?<rf^
i'b I ?ifl,if isspw ^ « R?«tT?F TO <?Fftit F ^
FTC^ 'I|JM<M<^ CRR ( N i c k e l Alkaline Cells)
•aft mm cm ^ -^M^ ^ i m i ? "îtll TO l CR4G*llt5« WI5H-4 (Remote
control) ^ I t t t ?^TO^*I ? s t o Rt * f l ? « > ^ I few «arPR[# Cm ^ fiRT? I
i I few ' T O * ! (NI-Fe) <RR ' P t l t (RR (Nickel Iron Cells) I
^ 1 few wfS?NR cm, "Sim "mm cm (Nickei c a d i u m c e u ) i .
filRW S^ TO? CTRR, fe:W ^ fla ^ ÎWU? R ^ ^«F%n S:?)? R t l l *|44S)
tcsfl^'d « < R ? ? t i ^ cat «}feit wiftRi? &s?n^ w t ^ I t s ? cwm R w f t ® catoft Rc?* ' s n r o
&5?n§ w t ^ I catB? t i R ^ i l T O «BJ5JIR attintt few âtcsiâtc®? ^ ^ i
fe?^ CR?R? cwm c^TCttBs catsft ^ r o ' t ^«iitc\bt5 I H *it?fi^S9* «(«(itto f s i i ^ ?#?n
C^T?FFT^ CATR 255Rt§ w t I ?st?*t, CSfli^ ?TO1? ^ fe:W WFEMR CRC^t
^ T O i s n f S r o ? R f ^ RtRRi TO*t fe3*t W t -5? I ^H^t.^t ftt3« 3n??i«f ? 5 t ? ^ Rmc< ft^t^^t?
w t -flR?. CTOttRtt (Porosity) ?t R%3? ^ ^tc^'im ^sfelt TO I
S w CRCW tCR^cSlRtt* .flJ 1*1*1^ RttfeHR ^?ltcSSt5ltt®-4? R R ^ &5?t^ W t - ^ I
C"*lftt^ «ni«it stT? i . i * ^tt:®. i . ^ R % ^ TO I tCT^^pnttB? cm CPftWR R^?^
Rt I RC^nj« « (T^nito catft t'^giRt? ?t?t w t TO "^R^. SRC?? 'R'^rn tItR R t % T?e?n?
R r ^ s B T O i
fe:^ TORR CRi:^!? R t R l R f t ^ ft^Rt
few '5mra«t c ^ F t ^ R C J ^ catft few T^jtogtîtc® tf^«r5 ^ .^r^fesstR?
?tRtRfep Ni(OH)3 «flR«. cj^ctfB^ catft fes^ «mi?«t «n'0?n ? ! ? I ^RPI^ W ^ few
-ssitcsrmt® torHR? few ?itcs5t^ttw t R i ^ ^ I Ni{OH)2 'flR«.^t?rac«!? CHC»ilt6 catf& CWtR
«lt$01al«l5'i' •tf^*t« ^ I FTC^ RR? C<JsR4'Jl«1 RPl^l? S ^ ^ I
2Ni (OH)3 + F e 2Ni(OH)2 + F e (OH)2
fe:w <>i\^m cRc^ra ^ ^ i ^ t «^TO^*!? I ^ R C ^ 'ÎRR ^ 1 ^tRTsfep
2Ni(OH)3 + C d 2NI(OH)2 + Cd(0H)2
Contents
w t r o c m m m w i ^ * ^ ^ t o i
w -ijft^ cffm F i t p s tm ^ m?^ ciPii

W 'flft® C»W? VCS|*B ^J»ITO TSR5^
^mt?t: ^mm^ cm ffirof, «?niii?n?i, CSRPI, ^ CTOJICTIIB^ « ^ ?il% t ^ j t o
antRif cm C»tC^'«lD W l
i I R ? N I 5jwmR* ^ cm tiR^^TO
"l^?R?:*l W l ^ I • f d RfTlifeP
^ I m p r f ^ '4?^ t C S R j f ^ T O ?stc^
* i f ^ *n«?rt ?i?i I •
8 I 1 0 % ^ TO I
* 1 ^ w ? # r ^ .4??. t ? w 4i^'*('»^t
v91 vilt (?m 1?rai? ^ ? # ? t ? m R i W l TO I ^
" ^ T O i
8 I^ T O ^ I '
RI t^^l R ^ R T O t t I I * I t 5 H ^ ? # i W t .il?^ <Rpt 'FSPSI
^ 1 ^ c?ft »aR^<i^«iK?^*t ^ I
^1 t 5 3 ' R J S ? T O t t J ' « : ^ l
V 1 R i R - c § « R , c ^ T O t ? , ? i R , tp^.
csn?Ri w l i t ^ i M * ^tcsf, R # ! ^ TO* <4?^ ( R T O R w •n<m ^ ^^rtl^ w i
Tm<mi
R + r=:«^-l-^ = ^ a
1=
(alt (Sl^jji^
Contents
'g^RJU, RtfiRPg TO* - — « o.^^ A

7
(?n?Ri R ^ - E - ri * b . * - ( i X o.^)-i.^;iv
TO* « o.â-A
% i f t ^ ^FILTTRITCTIPRAt.-fll.'iW ( E.M.F) i.<?v«fl?«.^5R!J^ C § r f ^ ^ I S>P ift

\oa(^f^^toraRWRtgjg: wt ^ , ^ ^ ^ i t f ^ T O * «ir R i f ^ i f t bolt cmftte
TOtt WT ^ I ^ -^TW ^ TO* ^ ?TF|? W I
» o,o<\8 A
R +r ^.•^
^ nE i«>xb.(r b<?
R + nr ô+(boX.^ ^
Contents
A.C. CIRCUIT
(R ftf^ w ? fes ^ ^ ?s%n siRtft^ ^ ^ m r o *i^wwn5i TOI* RCTI

'JspSTOtt'v W R C * ? ftf^ cm <7K.'^ ^ fCSftt^ voK ^ 1 ?sH«t, TO ^ S f ^ T O * tof^
^ WRt? ( R t TO t ? TO* ^ ^?tRl TO I 4|i>|«iwlî TO* <7m t w i t s ?I
(?TClits ^ TO Rf I fe^ (R ^ fen R * T O l t ° v TO* mlf^ ^ ( R t W ; R S (R^^ ^ R^ I
^RTTO (R ^ fen TOI* RTf^ R ^ ^ ?SC?I RI ftS^lRltw ^ . ( R t vsl^C^t ft^lR W R W I
î'^t.^^ lwc*<i - g f e ^ ^^NCHft?^ 4l(.5)c*ii ^gfeit (Rftr
b I ^ I R I ^ TO ^ P T O l t » s C T O W ^51%s S^t^ W I TO I
^ I Î%I?IR1*»S Co\(.^'&tL<^ t t R R R H TOt W ^ (Rft WTTOI
vji I t m f e R Rlt^T TOt *IMiMWltl C«l4^;'ejC<l. ^ CfiBIt W T TO I
81 wm R ^ ^'Rn:^ R*i?nRtt°v TO* w t TO ^ ? ° S S ^ CTOJWQ S<^t^ -^fen R?RRI^ WT
TO!
(t I. R T T O t S w ? l J R*T?IRlt»s CTO>W t ^ t W (RTtc? RW R m i ? R s ^ TO ^?°s t ^
?^«mR^«rg witc?it TO:*? F i t c ^ W tcs i
tw^lj5<isjtR ftc^diJ ^ c w F f t c ^ îrf?^ am <ii<m WT wiTO fe:§^ ^ i
f5|C*T*1-WC«M biÔA *|(*JWC«t>il Tjfect <Rf*t
b I l R m - ( R s W O^RfCSt? R«fRI ( R t t i : ^ t f ? ? ^ t f e ? m <1J<5«^W ^ f e R (RftlR? Rt%; ^ ? n ? R W T

Rlt^TOl
^ I TO? *l^l<iwn;i RT^TO R???t^ RTtiR l R m - C ^ t f e n f t ^mtiR? F l t C ^ tltow
R ? ? ? t ^ Rttcs^ TO TO^ ? R ' t ? ) ? R i f e ? I
vs I RtRWW ( R l t ^ n%C?t R?^ ^ I 1 ^ ftm-C^ ( R l t o R 4 5 R t % C ? t tMC>lfD»s7?t?T TO I
8 I RfeRs^ (RTt? W s % l t fe^ TO I fef iRm-(Rssf csnt? %lt fe:^ TO RT I
(? I t t o w (RTt? fe? RRf?TO tJT?1RIR ?s?T TO I fe^ Wjsm-Gm tJT?RIR ?s?n RRf??T W*!^ I
«rt«tf^ RR { F u n d a m e n t a l T e r m s )
? f t (RH^ C'St^l«l;«< «ilWt>WW ^^9%! C W I ? R:*IJ ^ ^ T O I TO, ^ ^ T R R*T??Rlti ? n c ? *
S<!.t^ ^ ^?»s ij|.C\s«j ?C«U t . ^R. ^ Tfc?!^ ^ I vsT^ Rffetf^ few W t 2fW1 ?s?ITOI
e= Em X Smcp
t . ^3R. (tCRÔStCRlIt^ cm^)-C^ y^ W ^ TOT
s W R ?s?I TO I En,'= t . 'W-'^? RC?T^ R R
E = c? cm "iJJCW t . ^R.
(p = ^ " ^ J i ^ U ^ ^ t c ^ (71 (R^H •ÎJW t . ^3^. l a " ^ - ^ ^ ? lilTTm 1
Contents
(8) R%m(Rlt»v?nc^ Titt?? ^5?w S<5,t^?5%ri TO I

{<t) '5i*&wc'riU?.TOn:* aff% « •SJH t ^ w ? ? 5 t ^ SRTI^ i
R t t m ???T I i<it J i i t w CT, c^Tt^ o"
m I ttt? Rit I ^ c^mm w
>\\t(.-<"\ ^ ^ ft^ W l i m I '

imm (Period) l^"——omof^ - -
i f ) ^ Ritcw i ? t ^ 'soiTO ftfers I t r o T WI f ^ f ^ wt ^
% T O f # ' rcqiicncy)
m CPmU^ W s f t *1ltd<M '©T^ % T O # 1% T O % ? s 'f Wt Wl ^ i
(iJW TO I 'ÎWC^ 1 ^ R i R I .fit ^?ttW(R5 Hz W t f s f ^ W t ^ I Rt?TOl»r^
S<5ijjf^<js cTttw)i^c°i S<i,t^ "^ûo i 1 t ? t f b csn^t c'R^ ^5I%3R - ^ t o ^ i Rwt°v ^
P N ^ p N
N = ^ ftftcB? ^sRrt (Rt?. ft. .xm)
p= CRIRR^^mi
f = RttcW/fTO^l
S R C 3 R R I T O ^5tC^ Rft-
bCôf
Contents
% F 5 r H Rf . i i r m i t F r S (Peak v a l u e or dtnplilucle)
R % r a 7 ? # » v T O T * ? "^c^^ ^ « R i ( ? T c n t t ^ ^ ? c ^ R c ? i ^ TOc?5 ^ t w R ? i . g r p i f i ^ i
(Instantanous value)
R % 3 I ? # l T O I * ? <?I cm TJgC^ TO? R^-^HRs ^"Ji-^t^ TO ?1 t'l^Jld*P|*lt>i TO ?IR I
t ^ T f r . (Average value)
R ^ r S R R l t l TOT* W ? f ? ' T O ? R^ W W 1?1%g TO, % 1 ? ^1??1 C? RPl fl«?l TO
^TOÎ^RR?^!
<MW* dav) = h + + Ivs + .'I^
R^'fSTC? 1 ^ (JoHRJW {Vav)= V i + v^ + Vvj + V5[
f t r ^ ?5l??l CPm 9mm lav = o . ^ o ' J s X RC?1^ ?S1(3* I .g?stTO Vav = o . ^ o ^ X RC?1^ C ® 1 ^ I
^ 5 I t ? . iflR. iiPT-<fl?'SlB (R.M.S value)
'i^^ TO? ftf^ c?fi^mR? w ft?i TOI* (D.C) s f ? i f t ^ ?5!?i?f c ? tfen^f ^ % ?R

^ ^^Fto 1 ^snro ? f t if??itt TO? R«ii fen ^^wwHJ^v TO* ?sfesT, fep I1?RII
\o|%j ?55T ^ I t r o ^ t Rl?. '^R. 'gR-<g? TO Rl ? s i ? ^ TO RPf I R*I?Ci#l Rlt^
Rl?. .gR. ^ - . g ? RR RC?i^ RTCT? ~ 7 ^ ? f o-<ô<^ ^ 1
^ RRfS? (Form factor)
R*1?lRit'v. vs<ICSf? im. .flR-.fl? TO « TO? ^•'ITSiC^ ? 5 ? Wit? ?(?T I

R^.fl?, ?»lWt*^ C^CJf-
o.<ô<^ X RC?!^'SIR ? n ? ^ ^ o.<Ho<H Im
?5??5nt? Kf= —T"—~ Rf ^'^^
©..JÔWMI* RR 1^'SIR o.4»s<^ Im

RC?!^ RK?? * 1 ? fes? ?SC? RII
-CTO6C®f?CTO-?5-sjwlt? Kf= = y.bb
• o.4*s<^ Vn,
"Wit?. (Peak Factor)
'Si^mc^'v W R * W ^ R!R1^ RR <3 il'si. .fl^^ TOI? ^ R T O ^ ^ ?sjlt^ ?M I
RC^^
^Wt?Ka= ~~ : - = y 8 i 8
o.'ô'^X ^^HRI^ ? R
Ir
= Ka , •V2= b.8b8
t5t« R t R l ^ RftR? St? ^ RI I
Contents
<?j5ipitoH cnm cwt^ R W wt «<t ?s%n-iRt ft«?n RiWR5»*3^ 3^tfp»l|f<Hw 1 ^ i

«Rn TOS, i1t (?nUm CRM ^vm= s,M Tî^m-^-h-^, ^ ftint^ w ?
M / s t = = ô"
Ob
1 '
I
>ft? ftftt c^mi c?'^ TOt s r t l w i ^

(GraphieaUy) TO •sitR ( R T O t ^ cQ?^ TOt?
ÎtTOJ R%t?C#«v TO* R««Rt Cvbtc^tetW
5 1 ^ 5 ^ fiRsH W t ^ 1t r o ^ ?t?n (a)
RW ? s ^ , tot OP C^W ? % t R « ? t ^ R t ^ R t T O I R^'TOtt^ TO* f^lRt d*Ti^firi<J
>|^?:®ft a f W w t TO I
C^NrRtftf (Vector)
C? # ? ( R t ^ C^RfTOtRf^ « ton ?SC? ^ t r o C5«? ?l1% ? ^
•Sfft « fe|S-?T5^ R I W I 2l?sH W t ^ W I T O Cot? ?J?r i
C**Tf?Rlf% (Scalar)
?t^ t1lrsn«t TOl iwRtt (SR^ ? t f t T O l c?R^-.amtff, RI?^,
(Phase)
«l*li|?Wn;\?t% TO ^ ? t ' T O f ^ (j^ffeNs 1 ^ TO **l^lt<P C ? ^ ? P t I
(Inphase)
T3^«iî<icHfk?ttot c ? ^ ? c R i * ^ ? t 1 ^ ? « R . f i ^ T O w^?#jR^2nTOt^Jc^
to Êt^ ^5It?® ^ ^ t o mx .S[?st RtTO tof^ ^ t C ? ; t 3 [ t t tii^^Sf I
C ? ^ * ( t ^ (Wiase Difference)
c?s^ Rt#wBt ar^fw **i? ?st??t TO
TOt t1<C^ ^5tC? I mi W ^ t^ttm, ^ WMtftUit*! « <ttt C?f^^j|^ .£1? C?s^
' H * ^ 1?%^ -^tC? R?ftgc«t (Rt^ft ?fl1?sFT>S (G^ 'H^Nsj f?1%^ TOt? ^Stc? I ^Jo?!?. ( T O ?
a f f f W S i ? ftw ? # ? t CI ^ S l ^ F t t ^ fif?t^ TO (R f t ^ t? ^5t5tr^ 'fl^ ? ^ I
Contents
>fe^
fksi wferj^vs TftftstB? <m^,
<MWCH5? R f e s tR (R^W W ^
y n - IR
W^?SC?I
c«rc^ ^*iTt?n TO 1 fe^

t ^ T ¥ l * s Rtf^rS? TO*,
cm 5»o° ft^niit TO t
c«rc^ i»o° p r m t i t TO I fef ^

w n f t i t o >rtfwB? "TOI*, o^n:*^
TOS ^ m t i t TOS I
Contents
»i).ft. 3 = i t f ^ '
C S t W ^ ^S?rP^ RifwB RT RtC5 t^KiUjt'*!, RT RT^ WIlPt^JtR I .FIT (R%%1R 'SRIRT

RTT^ R%t?TRlt»s W ^ ^^Rtfl^ W t I^ ^ RTL^^ TO TO t . 'FR. 'SUTF Ss,t^
RT I WftC^ W R * R 1 ^ (RSR c a ^ f ^ r t C ^ WRT C®t(?&W Rttf% (DROP) 5R I C S ^ R%t?!Rttl
<MWC*5l WfSr^JlR «RTRT R t W Wtt?Rt TO* .3? ^ (:«tC*W Rtl5f% ^ I wfe^JIR
^TOt RflwB? W R * cTO?t:W R l t ^ RRT^Rt%^ I R«n<^ <:®l4MiC*r<t RtJ? ^ < M W d * < t RT^ ^
•J^l W ^ CotC'^'Si 'S W R * .FL^st Rtl«t W ^ ¥ R m RIZ:Î R # J , W R * W R « - C ^ l l ^ W R ,
.£1^ *I<1ÎH R#RT TO I
(R ^ | t ^ RT«RT?, W R * « C S t C * ^ -©^f-
WT? R R R ^ I cQt « « T R ^ ^ ^ "SRT* (W)
?IAP a t S<^ts -^tc^ TO t * W TO* « <:TO>w
RT^ft^ êimi w t m TOW RRTL RT^RT? I
R3RRRti* Ri:wft® "?TIRL RTRf? 'A?^ Mt?
RttlWt? R R ? * ^ TOI* « C'SK^W C5^l1t«
^TLR I ÔTTO? RtRf S<^1^ ? ^ <RRttt fmi
(Rt^TRTR ^RtsTt R t f ^ ? s i R ^ C®TC*W « TO* R R t R ^ 'Qt ^ R ^ R t ^ RKJRt TO I W =

V X I RT P = V X I
^ 2r?|S^ R% R t t ^ (Rn^^TT^ ^rt?JRR TOt -ST ?STO ^TWJ (Rfw1%« (RtUS? ^ (R^tRlt^
cqJt^CTTR? R R . i t ^ ^ I P = V X I X E O S ( P '
'^^l^'Bil*! ( I n d u c t a n c e )
4>d?iW«!l TO fen R*t?WLTT TO* RRLIT^ W t <fijjw<5 F'gfeRs ^^TTOt? ^ ? T RN;iTOttt

^ RR!RRt RTIR? ^ I .FIT R t ^ ^ ? R <RRt«1% (TTil^ R ? ? R t ^ (mi^m^ ^*ft stWH
?SFEN TO; t ? l t t^T^*rtR I LTOTt ^ f ^ WT ^ I tTO ^qWC^ C??^ R ^ I C^^jto H
TOT Rft^ W t ^ I R^°N L = ~ C2?# . ( H ) I if)t t^T^tRRS^'feo Rt«nw t ^ l ^ ^ felJT^^TRFR
RW I t r o TOT ATWN WT ^ I t ^ IFIWS « ^ I W?1R?I t^STtltR <3 m^m. '-TttJR?

%TO#? Rtin .FLWI WR*IRsR^*N stRtJ^ ?SFEN TO l XL = 27tfL n("SWI) I V = X L .I
^Rt?!?R8 .flR^tt ^Lm-^ wfeSjtR ^ RfesTt H^T I ifR^LT C?l1^§TtR 2 A .fJlTRfen? TO* ^^fen
TO I S ^ WTiR IIO <:i5T^ (V) (TO HZ R t t C W R??RF^ ^^FER S^^R t^l^tjIR W?
Contents
<t<tQ
^ ^ t : ^l i t , X L = 2 7 r f L
<t<t
2 7 C f ^ x v 5 . i 8 x < f o ,
= o . i ' H < ^ ( H ) ( ® ^ )
^ » f f 5 ^ C 5 t ^ ? s O T t ' J ^ I l R i o . ^ < f t£Ri V 5 0 W a p c s j ftQtet« l l t a W C t R^pnt W t
CsrfB t ^ l t j l f 1 1 % W I
t * | « i i t j | R = L i = i o H .
L2= H .
L 3 = 3 0 H .
CSjfU L i •+ L2+L3
( f t l ^ e ? ) i o + ^ < f + v 5 o » f e * H .
i i i i
L li 1;^ 1« io ^ ^ VSO i f f o i f f o
i<fo
<f.'^'^ H
•41^ t ^ i ? # « « m f ^s^nf^
R f l t t ' s T ^ P t t s ^sim (srf^to « w # f 5 r m « ? ( t f e R RI I t ^ s r ^ t t ® «t?n5n R # t ? ? w fen
l % l ? P # » v TO* 2 R t t t ^ wt ( R R T F t . i^R. ' f J ^ R t f ? ^ ^ t C ? I 4 t R t f t ^ t . .flFfP C5tt*t
mm cm^p^Rt«natRR?sfeiiTOI Rtf^cB? TO I ^ R o ^ r u m TO^ R I , ^ ^ R J ^ R R I R I ^
S t C ^ , R t f t S t . ^ £ W . (flRI R ? n R ^ I
\ X
^ /
\ /
\/
* \
/ V
Contents
.5 .ft. R l f ^
Va= WlC*%ef I
Rf5^ (3^|^1|fvs<li X l = 27CfL.£Rl V = X l x I
f k s i b, V5 <3 (2- ftll<5 S ^ TO TO* l Q < l ^ ' t ^ I fe^ 1 ^ .if ^.C^t R l f t t t . t ^ . RtRT^
^ 1 ^ R^ ^ TOH*? RHTO# ^ I ^ t . .SR. < ^ ^ 8^1 ^ I J ^ ^ ^ I
.TO* bRl TO «l<fR^ ^^STO W ? <lfî^ TO .£R»^ S ^ TO* i r < 5 t o ? ftiRs 2 f ^ l ^
^ I (?n^ ^ R ^ s j l f R i f t ? t.'flR. ftlf'®^ TO R?R<m CSTT^TOs Rt*l1 RRH ?#?n TO I
vsRl ft^ f % TOI* <sfvi(,^Cfei I fe? RiIrS t.'fR.'fRs Rt RiftRt «Ilfî^Cfei I
RJ5?It^RtftS t . ^ iSRst fttRs ^<ft^ RC'Sr1tw<J ft:^ 2Rttl!5 ^J?i I ( R C t l t e l feRs v s ^ i s t c ^
8R^ ft^ I R S , T O I * R t l ^ «tlfeR I ^ S<i,R^ t . ^ R^tTR^f ^ f # f C ^ t o ? ftc^
R t f e R I 8^^^tC^ ( ? ^ ^ f t ^ 1 % TOI* ^sfe^ «f#C? I RTf?t t . ifR. (RCnfkW fe^
TO* aiRlIt^ ^ C < 5 t ' ^ t t i ^ I (R TO « l i l M < ^ t ^ R i t R W m R f | « R t ? ^ ^ t C ? , - 1 ^ CRt
TOt Toi* R i f t s C'teic^^st if^<î "gti?! I $^l<fi^n;â •Htf^c'S ^ n ^ ^ c ^ l ^ "^c® 540°
1 ^ (RsTC«t TO*. af?t^ ft^ttlt «nfeC? 1
(Purely eapaeitor eireuil
feisi R ^ i w ^ v t . 'fR. >iRs (V) WRtftis? catB sm^ Wt ^ t m I 1 ^ cTO^ o ft^^c^

R C S f t t t W feRs <|Iî\s ^5rt?rg ?5feR, ^ W l l f t l 5 « < J R*IT ftRI TOf* S f R t f l ^ * ? t c ^ «?ttfeR .TR^ . f i t
TO*Rli'S^S ^ t C ? I R 5 ^ « t «lfen WRiftB? CtlCB? TORtf^ t . ifR. .fW R l f ^ i^nfeiR W ^ « t 1 %
W R i f t * ? (:arB?TOTO*«tRlt^^C^ R l f ^ l ?^t.'flR.'fl?' L ft^R?^ apnf?^ ^ R^
^ t R t R t ? .fR^ TO* ?sfel1 ^ TO TOI ^R^lt WRtft*? TO* sfRfft^ ^ R<ft<!,
ftRPt^ ^ I f r o z i IM ft^ C T O W ? -STR ^ ^ ?T? .flR'v WRlftB? ( R C t f t s t . 'flR. ' f R S - ^ ?
W f Wn F t ^ TO I RWfv ( R C t t o ? S I R l f l ^ ^^C® TO I W S F * t (RCnIt® RtC^^ t . 'flR.
.fW s i R l f e s ^ t R t RCRt^ TO 1 N ft^ R # R n C ? * ( R C t t o ? ftlRs TOI W t ^ 1 ? RtRf?
R C ' S F f e W fttRS 2 r ? t t ^ ^ 1 R*t?nRlt?, TO* ? W t > I % W R t f t * ? CS^ TO sfRlft^ ^ C ? ,
'S^*! W I R l f t * ? F t ^ ^ ISrbT^ ^ t C ^ R i f e I ^ W R i f t t ? ^S?Il5n T f i f ^ C T O ^
TO* j>o° (Mt) cêt;5rt5ttt?n TO I
? s n R i f t * ? i ^ f t ^ R1TO5 w i R i f t r f t s t^jji<i;t;)i^
R7RI t r o X c RRt t B I ^ W t ^ I t ^ ^ iflW
.1
(Q) 1 w R t f t f t s feirr^ptiiR 1 ? 5 t ? T O % 9 ^
R f l ^ S * t 5 j R t f e ^ .flR^ W R * ((?TOw 4|•1*1151)
1
% C T O l % t ' i t t ^ RRI^Rtf%^ I
2Jtfc
I = V/xc
Contents
^HK^«r s bit bo ^FESFMNI^ (^fl w n f t t e r a RT$T5R# ^<?o c^mt ( v ) <?-o ^ i t ^ ( H Z )
?sto m w n f t t ? 1??i X c <3 (1) TOT* ? t % l W I
b
23ifc
;^.b8x<?'oxboxbo^
= v5bv.8
TO* (I) = V/Xc =

v5bV.8
( R f e t r m « t ^ t ^ S r m ^RMT R 1 1 ^ ftfeSt ( R e s i s t a n c e a n d i n d u c t a n c e in s e r i e s )
• e -
RW V = <W44|1 dolC^^t I
VL = t^t?*J1IW TORlll C^ti^'Sr I

, IG?lI = TO*, R<3 L R T O T O * W ^ t o l Wi<^,S^ (^n^ftftil^Tiîm'tTOl
(Jm^ ^TOfTO OS (RS TO* (RRI *tRt ^ t r o i Rtfe® R ^ J f t o (RRt TOI « f ^ i t * l «
t^sTH^riR *£i? SoTR? TOC*? (RRi «)?N i j ^ T O I OP = VR, ( R l i f ^ - I G ? *iiî*ii1^ C^N;*W-?t^
TOT*? RÎN TO ?sc? I Oe=VL t W R * I F I CoTC^W, RW TO* ^ t C ^ 5»o°
(Rsjet t^t^ltRt I *fl?st^ 15 R R ^ C W R OPRB ^ ? ?s«f ^ O R TOI f s l ^ W ^ t T O 'SFIX OR
?s<t(:^ 4ij]<is51 t ^ T O ?Rt ^ T O I
LAI^ OPR.
V2 = V % V L = (IR)2 + (IXL)2
Contents
"S^^ V = 1 VR^+XL2
î?t - = ^f^~+x^ +XL2 . z wt W l ^troI z (RS tH'J^ji-^
I ( R C ^ V = IZ
• -R - • ' • •
I (RfvSTIRCosCp = - )
tHwlR (Impedance:
5c«14i^4Jh .g.tR (A.C) R i f w S ? ( 3 l ^ ^ ^ , t^RsBjlR >8 WRltRBim Wm ôf^RRI^

^ T O R ?st;?I tft^BilR R!R | t T O z W l Rf&^ W l ^ I t ^ . f l W ( Q ) I Z =
A/R2 + X L 2 Z = V + (XL-XC)2 R^.fR^5f^Fit V= I x Z
tfilvb)W6<s IsrgW RRT aRsH W I ^ I I^JoW. OPR .fl?

Rlt^fl, wBrîlR R, feUR^TIR X L ^ Z
W Rf5^ ^ ^«ITO t H w i R WI I d P
^krN^Ri bit t ? R ¥ l t 5 ^ctidiî « l ^ i i * i V >QWi '£iR°v tî^ptlts fem^BriR .g??,

w i ^ TORii^ ^<?oV Col* R R ? ? K ? s i ? ^ , i ^ ifen«t W R * '« RI'GRR w t ? ^r? ^ ?ift?
Wl
RRtRtR tiîwm Z=-\/R2 + X L 2
= ' \ / v ^ +fe^= bo >Q5R^(Q)
V
W R * i= - = = ;((?• A (.gjmi^tw)
Z bo
R 0^
Ri^Rjit? pf = - = — = o.v5ini5t?,i
Z bo
CR%*T1R ^ ^ flfRSTTR ^RlRl R t i ^
llllg ( R e s i s t a n c e a n d C a p a c i t a n c e i n s e r i e s )
^ R t ^ R g 'SI^ *)r$? i W R R * ?Tfw Rl^RR boo m^, ôo C«t*, W R l i R t c ? ? Rfl>s iî?C^
R ? ^ ?s%n Ri^5iRti^ ^(TO c « t * , (fo ^ i f e (Hz) R???T^ ? s t ^ (^) TO? WRIIRBJIR C«I)
Contents
CvttlCr&>Sr <3 W R C * ? RC*U <R5^ iflTIlZIR ^ i^Ti^ ^Tf^ ^ I
to R i i ^ ^sirmmi« <?FW mrnrsi c t r r o t ^ t r o i R f f ^ mmrn R TOI RT!^ 1 § f ^ w i

• ^ T O ^?»v. V r = ^vso V cs}^ R t l w R T ^ w ^ m ^ . wrtftt? (C) Vc. w m f t t o
Ri^fMit^. I <?pw ^t?nsnw, R - ^ V r TOC*? TO W ^ TO
TO* Vc CTO&W "^tC^ (R5K«f RTTftm TOl R^ C 5 T ^ V C^m, V r « Vc-'^
c??^ ^ t c ^ n i t v2 == v!
Vc= V V ^ - V r .£I'«R RH ?Rtt?n
Vc = ^ ( } o ^ - ^ o ^ = Jj'i.M (J5l*
Rl1%? ft^ltW TO* = — = o.8vS<? A .fllRpRn?
-.^.^^ Vc
f t t ic ^ v " ' X c w i i f t t w ^ W T i f t f t s %irt^GriR
mm,lc= 27ifcVc RH^TltWt
27ifc
P.8v5<?= ^ )W).i8 x<to X C X (»1.c>1
o.8\M'
^^.£1? C =• i 8 x io-'S'W^fW ( F )
0.b8X<5.1.^1
<3 TO*-*fra Ri«o iflmii^T ((p)
Contents
wtojtR, t ^ R J S r m ^ R t R t t R t i m •mMt R t t ^ ftf^^g

(Resistance i n d u c t a n c e and capacitance in series)
Co!C^*Sr V , Ti|'(l<M«-^ f < 3 T O * I(TfQ?tTOl
f - VR VL - v c
ftHw R t t ^ Rfelt R W ^ 1 1 ? ^ . 5 " ^ '^n^s^ .fl?°s C^FW ÊrrmRRR Rt^J^lRWHR Rf?«n R ^ p t t t

WR* (Rsw (I) (RRHRt ^^^Rf^ 1 CotC*W V r = I r CÎ^^TRW RfJ^Mf^ C ® 1 ^ , TO* <7mM
Rtl}s TO R R ^ <J>Rt^s(l^ I V l = I.Xl t ^ R ^ t o R Rt?lRl1% (M^, TOT*? Rf?^
ii>o° M t c ^ i <i5%n ^ - ^ T O . g ? ? . t t o ^ t # w ^ (RRRRi ^ t r o I cm^, V c = i.
X c W R t i R t o R RT^SlRtt^ C^tC*^, TOR*? R f l ^ >>o° ?s1?R( ( R T O T ^t^lIC^ .fl?»v t^Ri^
RTlft?, W ^ (RTOI I
t^H^lJjlR <3 WRffRfe? Rt^?IRl% (iTO^, to f?1#«tft R R ^ ^<3?lt ( R W f * T m

. ( R e s u l t a n t ) CSKr^P^ Rlf^ltws to^ Rt«m (R-«ntlR I I . X l "^tc^ R?1Rf? IXc toll Wl
^5tRlC? I R t t ^ CoR^Sr W R J t C^^PW CoR*W-.fl? (Rl^tWT? R R R "^tXR .a?\ ii>o° ( : W : = R
R 1 % ^ - ? 1 T O Rlt^ (Side) ^ 1 ^ IR ^-^X - I X l - I X c
V = V(IR)^+ (IXl-1Xc)2
= 1 V + (Xl-Xc) 2 = IZ R^.g? Z = V + (Xl-Xc)2
V
1=
Contents
RL.G ft^ R i f ^ Qpi^Rn^ R i ^ t m, mi X l R I % ? « X c ?s%n ijttc? I ^nroift
% T O # ?sf^ TO, ^ X c R l t ^ RitW X l RttC? I fe| t P W m X t « X c
ton wra ^ ft€?i ?sto i RLC f # * X L « X c 'RT*!? RRW I^C^PIC?!^ RRR i .fit
U p c r o t o (R'^l^n* ( R e s u l t a n t ) H^CTO^ ^ I
RLC 1#tB, ift RL.C t J B i m R t g ^ TO I ^ RW CTO^ RRH «f1^ )i)Rl
b 1 . f j ^ vfl.ft. Tn^c5? (Rl^%rw 8 o Q , i ^ o v ^ t w 1^5 R t t ^ ^ 1 ^
I =
R
.£|TO V = \oo V . R= 4 0 Q
1 = So v5 A
1 ^ t ? G T O P = V x l = b ^ o X « = v3«Jjow
^ I vfl.ft >r#tB? t«j|<i»l5ji*i o.ov Wm:^ feo ÔT t ^ i s F ^ s topBm?
îtC?Rtfl? W l
- X l = 27cfL
= C^XO.bSX'box.o.ob-=oo.i>8S Q
v5 1 vg?5t^ t s T ^ ^ r m o . S C ^ , (to I Aoo e s t * R?!3It«t ? 5 t o , ^ T O ? TO* W I
. f i T O L= p.OS V= ôov.
{= (toHZ
Xl= 27rfL ^ . b 8 X < J - o X o . o S = b^.(?fe
y \oo
Contents
•*jMif*i'5w< •sr:«ji fen 1^ ilt^r"
2nfc ^.isxtfox^tfxio*
V i o o o x o i s x^(:^
1=
Xc
= 1 ^ w t ? (?NTC5?i TO?*? <?nn^^
"RifÔT ' r t ? ^ csnt ?stGi^?tfl? WT ?1? r?«tt- b I ( P h a s e r Method) I .flJI^RtJjh

1 ^ (Admittance Method) I
V ^ ^
(?i<:^Wi?TO* I = - = v x - i - (RS'q^^cB?.fiipsft^?wI
Z TL TL
tfilîlCR? ^ 3 T O s t 'fgfgfStetR ?gT I .£IJ1^5fe>rm (RS Y W f ^ J ^ W t ^ l
CTtt ? s l ^ *
'STSifl? I = VYRt Y = ^ r ^ * i l ? (Rt* 4 J f # f e t R - ( Y t ) .-. I
(?1TCN%nR R t ^
Phaser s u m of separate current

= P h a s e r s u m of sepate admitance
C o m m o n pd.
Ît^.f^tmR? \ t f * ?sT5CRtW*R
(Components) TO (R. ?SRCTO* Rf|F?SF

CTO»m? R f e s ^ ( ^ ^ R R ^ ?st3t ?fen
^t^lC<)s • l<^TBj|R ( C o n d u c t a n c e ) ?WI
^ T t ^ G ?t?t ' j f e s ?s?t '3?? I (R ^ ^ R t C T *
? # ^ C T O J I : ^ R f e s RRC^«t Rt feoo (RSTCl
^R'^tR ?si? ^SMPP RTRIRRTLLRR
( S u s c e p t a n e s ) RPT1 t^lt^ BW t ?s?t
^1
Contents
f s c s lii.fR R i m ^ Rrf¥t5i ? n T R # ? ciiRn?n ^
R *aR? L * m ? M R TO*
R .flRl L Rlf?5, wf^5jt*i'4R°st^lBl!-*i TOt feRll? W t ^ i; RifftB WRltRBllR Rt I
Rtt^rB? CsjfB TO*, ( R ^ i ^ .flR°s t ^ t t m w ftfe® TO* 1 IR TO* R t ^ t B ? OolL^C^^ W?f t R
(Rsc^ W ^ W ? .g^l Ii TO* C^n:*^ -ft^tt?!!TOSI to OTTOt -^tR I
VECTOR
ADDmON OF
IR AJilD IL
COMBINING WAV'EFOfLV5S AND ]
Contents
V
«^?R? ^ arc?im ?5%n Rt^sts? <?nt t H ^ . R i f e i w t TOI Z = -
OflMS LAW FOR mRALLEL

CIRCUIT. IMPEDANCE Z =
r
Hif^ti}*! R > 9 ? i L ^ Rtî RtfwsT trtfews %iw tH(i9ji*i nit? w t TO I R C T ? # , R i # B 1 t
«Is?^jiR <£i??.«^tîSjpfTOtnS^ I Rtf^ « ^ wlsi^JiR l i t e iiiRtRiR ^ R ^ R t f atwn w t
1 1 1 1 1
Rt Rl R2 R3 Rn
/Rtt RR5TC? atW^ W l TO I
_1 1
_L 1i . 1 1
Xt " X l X 2 X,n
?lt*t R t 4 ? l X t 'fl? 0 5 t ? to
7
. V V V
T I ? ? ! t i t . Ir = ^. l 2 = ^ ' ^ ^ It = -
,Ri^1^«rttr
Contents
w 2 + ( ® w Rtt^ ^ t c ^ V Wit)
^J5?tt Z
i^Sfîw Sim w t ' i n i j

RXl
z =
+ X^l
'fiTO X l = 2 n f l
(?n-.£Rt ^ aionn ?#?Ff R .iw?. c csifB TO* csru^ itfei w t TO
^f0i$^ TO Riftii c ^ i t ^ (?T«it « n t e ntiettws i r o t H w t C T i . R t R ? t f ^ w t % 1
AC
Veltaga
I
O H W S L Any F O R P A R A L L E L
CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE Z = 1 7
Contents
CjWqbtBtiH Ilk sDd I c W a v c f o m s Adding Jfi MoAlc Veettmi
V y ' V
^j®?rt^ It = + I2,
V ft \
2 Ttttw .V iSJ>lt?il)
^j5«n^ z =
R^^TOf 2m«t w t RRJ
RXc
Z =
2nfc
R, L -iF^^ C R j H t ^ R t f t ^ tft^STTR
Contents
^SHRtn ? 5 % n R, L R L W ? F CSRFT TPM*JL*L. TO* .IT?«S C'JJLCÊR RLTT^ W T m I
R L c R T # ? S I R t 5 ^ W3?it <ttl<PtferwH%ITI?ra RR - ^ ^ w t ifsT

i t ,
V V V
IT = V P R + DC - I I ) ^ WR WR^FT^ fen^TJTCW PCC) R I ^ T'^T^STT^ 1 ? R R * J T R (XL)
CIJF^ <J\5 ^1 ^ = ^ji^^ + (IL -IC)^ (R^ T ^ T ? ^ TRT^*JKR? (XL) 'TO.WNTRITO
1?RPI*JTR (XC) (to W ) XC ' ^ ' ^ R ^ XL R^ W TO* C^TC*W I
RIRI? R « R X L RIR. X C TO. W TO* TO RTLFT'SRTC? I
V 1
XC
XC XL
1
z -
Xc ^
Contents
1
Rf
• f e . f t >iif^c5? ( : o T ^ ^ ^ W l «<t ^ s f e r ''ifen'i c^RfSi WRI RR i fe^ ^g. ft
sntwS? C®R*5Sf <s ^WI 'Q't ? # I R ^ T t N S R % ( f l T O * t l l e R I R R ! ^ R T * R f ^ ? : ^ COS<p
w r 13=1 ^ ^ t o ' s R J ® R f ^ ' n c R I R R I
P = V X I X COScp 'S?!^
R ^ R % ^ 'snnrs^RTO^ RI^RR w t ? RJR i

V X 1 X COS(p
R1<3RR W t ? ( P f ) = COSliJlR?t^ R ^ i J W ? ^ « l T ? f f (?in<:tC=?Pt ( R ^ R » * f ! d ? R R^STI ( T F ^ . f U l i m ^«r?l
CRs^ ft?sii^ Colii&e? >8 «3i1WC*? 5I«II?€t ^ e f C ^ I .£)t (Rn«t 5Tt?1?«t^ M t l l ^ t ! ? s a - ^ W l ^ I
?ft (m^w,"^ ?n(R* ftfit?! vi>ijyc=* ^ u f f t t i£irt«i*t5? ? w i ^sn?!? ? f t ^ n ? * R t ^ r ^ ( : T O 5 ^
R i m t ? ! TO ^ W^R:^ .ilT1?jR5I ? R R I
CURRENT
2R
Ris¥r?
ColC^tSr o W R C * ? R « } T ? € f (r^sprit^^ OT'^f^ ^^?1? Wit? ?F'"i
Rsttift c w n t ^ cm'mt 'n^Ri? w t ? ? ^ I t r o coscp w t w i TO i
Contents
t r o cm ^ I t t o »ivswi$ ( %)im w ^ I
R KW W
(1) COS(p = - (2) C O S ( p = — (3) COScp^t
*Z
^ . f t i Rtfî:^ ^BTTfe (?TR ( W a t t less)
KVR W a t t l e s s ^St^ I
R W H * n « R t ? »WI^W^
b I % R i o T O RTifera wû c s R r f » v c§*nR? w W 5 T w ?1TO W I 5 N r ^ Rtt^
<3 t m w n ? TOR t w f f t ? "5ji*o ^ TO* R T O ? W I i : o T ? ^ i w Rf6f^ ^ <fiRi S t i r ^ i ^ t f t ^
^ i ftwR -^MM WP^TM ^ ^ M w f D t «?ntt^°v-.ii? ^ ' ' T s r f R i ? i t ^ R m i ^ ri'grr ^
?ite ?;|T?T ^Tntfei-îi? m^ RFsitJ;^ ^ ^?°v -R^TO ( i s R i m R ? ' t ^ ^ (rH ^ 1
^5 I t m W T R <3 *liil<IWi;(l<l<I ft^ TO? COR:*W ^ R R t ^ W^TJ (^TTSIsft? TO* Ûlfti RTPI? ^ I
'n^sTO w t j g g ^ ? 5 % 5 ^5t^ ^5[%f?^ w3fiRfft? mm^ ^ r i 11:^1
RT^RI? ?Rt%IRR ^W*tl ( R e a s o n s o f I m p r o v e m e n t o f Pf.)
i. I TO? -^m W R R l ? . R T ^ R t ? R T l t ? § ^ f % ? a H R l ^ «IIC5 I
^ I t i R ^ f f i w R ^R§OT? ^ T ? i i w i ? i T O R ^ Ri<3?T? ? F i T O ? smm TO I
I CMI^ R f 5 % ?T5K^ ^ ^ . f l ? l R r ? W % CTOjW fep ? l f t ? I ? W^. RI^?1? JfjlBc??
# f ^ ^ « RTtft?, RT^Rt? iWllil (Leading g n d Lagging pf.)
OoR*^ ft^ltRt « f t f % ( R ^mft? Rl<3?|? Wit? ^ i t^FfWR < R I ^ > !SJ1'*IW^W,
CTOTCR^-sTTfR, t W t W I fif^l WM^M ^ ( R % % r R R U f t l T[<3?T? ? s n t ? - ^ t R I ^ t l ^ I

W ? * WlRrtm R r f % ^ TIC?!? Wit? ^ 1 fTTO^prm C R t o ? « ^ •'IKBRt?,
w f t g #tfe^ ^:tTn ?m:^ i f^m ftR^gwî (Rt^w t i ^ ? ! ? w i t ? ^ g % ? ^sRit ?i??l? w i rti;^
RT^RT? R T l t ? ®flF®<) R ^ (Improvement o f pf.)

b I ^ n r ^ f s g ^s.wfn ^ ? -sn*)]^ ^^s?i? w i t ? w i ?i? 1
Contents
^51^ w (RH Rf<3TO w i t c ^ RT^ w
o I ipsmra m\. wiUm t m r a wit? § ^ wt ?BI i
R< M
jr. y.
B<
1^
Rtf5^ Ttoin? w i t ? ^?f& ft^, cs^ 15*1?
<3 .^mf^'iif^j:^ nifet1%^ feiw ft^

1-4) supply
« ? 1 ' 5 ft*!? 1 ? % » v
Riâwt? RTIt?
c^t* t ? ^ ? l?f^?xi£imft*i? 1 ? % ° v
w
C O S x p
Rif^cU? «?* f1?5rn:i? ^ i t f & « ? * 1?*i? ?T?51? ?s1??t ^'sm tfent'wi
R^t?s?«t ^ t c ^ nr9?i? wtt? f ? " % ? T ? I

Wl - W a
tan(p :V5 Wl +W2
? ' ^ cp = 0 ^ ? f 5 ftto? ?RRF7:5i
Wi <3 Wg/£l? TO ^^WR I
?Ri^ ( p = feo° i1^ «?f5 f s t t o ? ^
^ ^[tr? 1 .a?5l* «?f? i R t o ? "TO
Contents
bVo C<!T>t<^ tCRW5Wf«1 •<C«1«?
C'^J}^ Q^-m m} "5tTR ^3?f5 lR5TC?ra CoTC^Sf
' ^ c ? i ^ mz?iR ftfera -^t^TRS I
t W = W 1 ± W 2 Tm Wrtftf^ .<? % 5 RI^TO w i t ? )Q?n5 fttlH? RPl
. ^ Wl + W 2
r??7;^lT&5 ^ t ( R ^g?v TO (RT5 b a l a n c e d ^ ^»t51 power f a c t o r w R Cosffi = — F
a/3(wi-W2)
tan(p =
W ] + W2 -
a/3(wi-(-W2)) V3(wi+ W2)

tancp - ^ _ -
Wl +(- W 2 ) W l - W 2
^RT5?RS Titf^ t ® 1 ^ (Rt5? W i - b ^ o o mi^ W a - ^ o o « ? ! ^ ^?°vRtt^
0 5 1 ^ 81.<? 0 0 1 ^ (V) 5 t W - (?5) (?n? RTSTO, Csl) Rt^TO W i t ? \3 (^l ^ l l t ^ W ( R * ? I % ? 5 ? I
; i R ^ R f R J ; ( ^ ) (Rt5 RI^TO = i ^ o o - ; ^ o o = b o o o ^?IT5
W 1 - W 2
^ W 1 + W 2
(—1200-(-200)
,-1400
= ^^rooa=^-^^''^-^ = 2-'22
= 2 . 4 2 2 I ^ . 5 ? tan(p = 6 . 7 5 6 '
i i ^ t •^ST.T^ WTt? = COScp = 0 . 3 8 2 RTlftt i
ia-C^'-^ ^Tlf^t^ ni«TO Afii VlCOScp
1000 s V S x415xl xCOS(p
1000
ars^? I L= >/3 x415xCOS(p
1000
•1.73 X 4 1 5 X 0 . 3 8 2
Contents
IL = 3 . 6 4 A .flTWfert?! I ( )
^ B m ^ R ? 'Sf^ <?KW t ^ R p W C»i)BW<5 RI^TO W!%? cm '^0% f 'n'ORBT;
Wlt??:^ ? s ^ ^ <l1êt W R t ^ ^
'n^sTO Tmt?i= o.<=i(iag)
C0S(p=: O.iii
Sin (p=o.'=ii8
KW <^
( R I ^ KVA V = ^- = = H.iSvS
' Cos(pi o.'=>
C5rf58»SXo.<Hi'8 = (lag)
"R^TO WIT?! o.^ (lag)

Cos(f>:^= 0,^5,
t a n (P2= 0 . 8 V 8 b ( F r o m t a b l e )
KVAR^= <?X o . 8 b « i = ^.8^0(?
= •^.8^
( T l ^ f t f e ^ KVAR W t l f t l J ? W!\
= KVARi-KVAR^
(?.i-;i.8^=^.'«r
5nR?5^, wnft^RRTSP
KVAR=KVA
. a ^ , W n f t * ? ! KVAR= k.^h-
= - s / ^ v J | ,
w n f t ^ «nt^ TO* ii= = ^s.ffA

'y«X88o
WtRlftS? C S f t o (?5*ra R'sWII ^?lsfe?F
=^.ovs A
88o
"SRAUTR, w n f t s ? 2i!^wc<ST<i ferR5to««= — = î'jj.'iQ
Contents
Xe= — . •^b^.'^=
b bo8
C = = L l f = i8 .'\ uf ( )
" S R H ^ R S o 'raitto ^ I T F & «?f5 ft&R m\ Rt^TO ^ Ri^TO W I T ? ? T F | < J W I <3?f5
Ivil5l6<l<1 T t ^ ? « W 5 | V5 K W .fl?°v i K W (R«?1 TO I
'Sm^ W i = v5 K W . f l ? l W 4 = i K W
^ ^ T A N ( P = V V ^ , ^ V ^ i ^ ' — ^ ' " ^
.'. ( P = T A N - L ° , ^ r ^ ! 3 ^ B = 8 O O (?8
t l ^ T T t ? W i t ? C o s ( P = C o s ( P 8o°(2-8'=. WJi.
C ^ n ^ ' n ^ ? ! ? ' Wi+W;^= v5+b= 8 K W ( ^ S )
^ R t ^ g 8 0 , 8ooV,;io f f ^ t ^ R W R ( R t o ? ^ ( R T O ?5TC?I^, f^sil^ « T I N < j c s j ^
Rt^ ? s ? I («n^Q?T? W i t ? Vo% '£pi\X ?n^ T i W t Vo%)
^ ? 5 ^ f T « ? 1 ? ? T f t ? , o . V Ji^X ? s t ^ r f W 1 o.Vo
P S -\|^LXILXCos(P.
ôx'lS'b
bOOX = b.S0^X800X IL_XO.br
ôx'\8'i>XboXboooXi>oo
' b<=lOClX8ooXlroXb-
I T P ^ TO? ? s n T f f t 1 ^
^g <fo.8SA
vfl. I R ^ - C F ^ Rtl^
C ? p ^ - « I I 5 W ? •H^RC?"! -c^ T i t ^ ^ Rt^?! ? T ? 1
Contents
bVvS
^-(R^ >)lf*dl5<5 .fl?5|^ W J (TFingj^ v,ô° ft^W^?5%?l

TO"»f^ f^?PRC5I*-.a<i "fftsnt i.ô° M 120
Ns?ntf«°x ^ ^1^ ?ft vst^ .i)?st îwin w t TO, ^®1TO? R^rmiw ^

^sjRtt ? ^ I frog <JIC*iw<i TiîmtOTRTWI^t?n^ i •
UINE-3
NEUTRAL
STAR POINT-
LINE-2
LINE-I
15331 A i , B i « C 1 ^xm^ W I ^ 5 t T O I LILT ^?I?t«t ft^FILÎ t T R * ?(?I I

Vp= cm ^ IHSJJLWFL -SI*!! C? C S T ^ TI^Q?! TO ÔL^LL^ C?PSf C o t ^ W I I V L = * ^ ? ^ R t t ^
L i ^ 'SRI >5RP1^ R t t ^ L 2 - * 5 ? ^*<T (R C o T ^ RL>QRI T01 R ^ ^ j t l t C W I W ^*I7 (R C^^ RI^RI
TO ôl^lW SFLT^ Co\d^^ R?R 1
RLFT^ (RF8F TOF* >Q RTFLR C T O B ^ R^WF
Rlt^ m^ «r?NT^s iil? ^?3R ftt^ R ^ ^ TO R f t R I ( R S ^ ' T O * RWI R R R I %I<I ^ ? 3 R T O 5 R R R
TO I ^ ^NT^ cm^ R R R RRRs ^ I R i t ^ c o R i ^ cm^m^ V3'«'=T I s n t R W R ^ 1^=

(RSWTO* Ipl ^ *
m^cm^ VL = V 3 X (Rssr CoRi^W (Vp) I ^
IT-CT^ (Rf5?, CS?5fic?B? « STRWTO «?IT%-'II? %^ Ri«N LIIWI ^?E?M ft^SM ft^ WN
4 t ft^StR ft^^^^VS (71 VSRGI T?LFT?N Wll^s. W l ^«RK^ ftSjTR ^TTt^ W I I i l t IwSSM ^ « (Rt^
^RRT^ Ri*it V T ««T i:«i"C^® W 5? 1 ^«H^ = ôocsi^ ^ 1 <RR:®? W I ^ ?N:?* ^«T?i
^TLRT:»M -SNTIKSI PISIAISIIÊT ^ÎMI TO 1 RTL^, Ri^, ft^-.tR^^ cm^ « ^RtmuiR

<#^PIR| B?^ ^>Bo C«I^TOIW*T 1 ^ I ^TO, ^^51R RTTW? SFWISR I ÂT ^RLT ft^SlR
Contents
. ( R f t ^ tw4'Ga<iiN w m
*ll5W?) 'Sim ^Lm'i TO t
"T^wtf^Fs "Sj^Ji ' r t ^ ^ •ft"<nrr? ft45

|t-<?FSf ^ w w T O ^ fe?'*' R ^ 'Tfen't stf^ (TKW fep<v*i%? %^ lij? RSTRI ^<rn
P = 3 X V p X Ip X C O S <p
R l W t wift - Rlt=? ( I I ) = CJF^ TO* d p )
RTt^ C T O J ^ E L = V a C^TC*^ (Ep)
VL=V3Vp. V p = ^
' J S ^ t l F= 3 X V p X Ip X C O S <p
VL
= 3 X~ ~ X ILX C O S <p
V3
VL -
=W3xV3 ~p x x lI,. x C O S ©
Va "
..•.P= V s V L X l L X C O S ( f )
IRS 5? CXXS <j) = OT^ <:®n^ « i : ^ -sssnsi:^ -am^ c^«t i
. f f - C ^ ( ? 5 % 1 - T O I W R *l<l^!*l 2 t 1 ^ iô°
$C«1<?fS<liJl^ ^ W ^ W ? I C ® * I *IR1^ ^"^ UNE-3

v£l1^ 'SfW I ^ TORTO? W 2fra«ft TO
HI! ?I?R1 R ' JI? W I JI?
J i w n R?3Rin ?sfen R « R t a i f ^ ' s n ^ ^«mi ? m i ^ ? i LINE-1
WT 1 ^^(RTt f53i fTC^ WRTIRI ^ 1
c®^ >nft^ • r t ^
bl
< ,4 , • <
Contents
«fl.ft. R l f ^
• A '
^1 Y-1B^
o 1. >i!f^cB ^ ^ 'imai, mwin î#m
8 1 C*^l >llf^C"B <tv7o îJ HI 1
^1 C«9*l »1li^dl;? *1ltH <MW* <l*f«r <>lWt*<}
R t t ^ ^5t<if^ «?iTt%-vij?i T^xin m\ wtT 'mmm RipnnTORfert C«P^ CTO»W RRR I fef
(?paf TO% R R R TO Rl I Rit^^ TO* <nwt*ii -N/VT iJt I RitH ( T O ^ V L = cm
(VpllRttJITO* IL= x(R5efTO*ap) I

R ? j T O t R CBTtllSR •ttêPsrtR
fl-(?m ^ C5%| W R ^ T O ^ CRIT; ^tl^tlt? ( ? K W nt^RtlR? 1%^? ««t I, (Rlt t t « P=3 x
VpXlpCOS(p
^flRHR, Ip = (3FSt ^ * n R ^ > ^JWtl (Rit Rt«?n?, P= 3 X V L ~ P COS<p

V3
oosp='n«RmRnt?r P = V 3 X V 3 V L X -%xCOS(p
V3
R l R < n ^ , I L = V 3 x i p =;p = : ^ p = V s V L X I L X COScp
CRTS (Load:
CRm 4 ? ^ 4 Rt^RR (RRH RW I £<tijfvs4 (JITS 1 w «Rft3 b I ( R f ^ f ^ <RI® (Resistive load)
t8>wnj® CRTS (InducUve Load) (o) W R t f t ! ^ « (RT5 (Capacitive Load) I
C5l%f3&^ CBIt^S.RlfW I W t I R * , f l J t ? W?IR, (Rf^^, t t ? ^ ^ CR1^°-
RT?RI«t R I ^ « ^ (Rl^ <3 % 5 I t W t f t 1
RrrtfllRl^ cmi WlRlfRB? Rl W ® R t ? . W 1 R » RH?^, ftOTTO (RTS? « ^qjl^ ^smR

t^SJlft 1
Contents
cR{Rs«il\ -sTntf^'vi îRwn?->ii? ^"mtl^'v ^î^^^
5 W 4 Q ^ i t ^ Rî^tn TO R t I fef R n R C s ^ W ^ R ? M t TO I
l l R W T O R T f f t W U S w ^TO?=t RSJW I >ilt Rt??I=t
C^«sft iRftW ^ R t RtIRs I 5|->|^<Ji|t?-iira R < R ^ R t ? ? t
' T O I t r o ^*TT CWT R ? ^ ^ 1 TOft R^TO^^tfl
'srcsRs w >iiR°s w ? i i w T R i R ^ ( R p t I StRwrt?-^?
W ^ W ^ ^tRt Rt^l I t R W R f ^ (R1^°S
(RATING) «Rf5 >il?°s R 5 R5 5t^lRRm?->i|? (RIÎ KVA
MVA ^ T O I
sftlRtft « CT??^lft >S¥ttfe< ( P r i m a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y winding
Oi ^mtM R * T W # ° K ^ ôtro RttRtt -GRttt^?. R : ^ I t ^ ? R t ( R - G R T t l ^ v fejT^
T^^Rt^ =it5w<t R?z:n R ? . ^ w t ^ mm^Q s r t t ^ «Rttf«°s RW i
W T T O ( R ^ R t t f Q ? . >^ R T O t R 5 ° v 1 R C ^ wt C^TC*^ ^ ^5TTO ( R C ^ T f >e?Tttf«'v R^ I

C? NSTTltt^s 1^
• R t ^ ^ W S<|tijR)<J> R f ^ TO ^stTO < R ^ t ^ ORttf^v R(R I
J l W W T O - ' a ? RR ^ {Principle of transformer)
tl'TWTO ft^pJlR t ^ ^ ^ s m n ^ t9TW^ ôC^ ^ TO I W R%tWTffi°v C ^ t ^

RTt'-^tf ' G R t t f e ? . -Si 4Q<1I^ *lîtflWfD?. W R * Rlft^ClfD?. ^ i : ^ RR:^ I
(iit W R * c T O ? "SR:«n R * t w # « v ipt^ ^ % t TO I >itt wm «tRt?=t ^ « t f w t t ^ r o WR
^?ttf9°v ' S T ^ ?5t?TO w ? ^ = t t s n t ^ n f t « R f t f 9 ° v « *i^t<icHfD?. c « t i ^ i
Magnetic Lfvies
Cutting throu^li
secondary t a r n s
Primary
Volt meter"*"
expanding Field
Collapsing f i e l d
Contents
srrtRtf! <3?tt1^v Gi R % t ? i ? # i csv^ m R t t n t C T O S ^ srm ^531?^ 1
. R%IW#«v i F m (THRâttt^TTttf^'v-^ R f t ^ R ? . ^ RRsm W M ® ? ^Î-IÎI^
( R W ^ f l t ^Rltf^5
(THRS'sif ^?nt1«°v <?FN:®? TO ^^^m CT, W ^ sRifl^ ^ ^ © T ^ TOI cmm

RTTO Î^WWFD?. ^ -I^ 4?°v >^ R%mi5#?, iFm (Rif^ ^ R^^tft s n t s n f ^^NTL^v-^ ^
a r t t R i f W:?*. TO 1 CRWRST ?N:?* RIIWT srrtRtf ^ R i t l ^ i - ^ % U T # H ?5ft?N

4 l t R l f WIR%^ TO 1
^TTW^-'fl? wm ( W o r k of t r a n s f o r m e r )
5mwTO 2t*IMS 1%=^ sm^ 1 -b 1 RI^TO 5tRWrm ( Power T r a n s f o r m e r ) I !îf<5«R

SFTWTO ( D i s t r i b u t i o n T r a n s f o r m e r ) « I t i l e * ) * JLRWTO ( I n s t r u m e n t T r a n s f o r m e r ) I
C? tt'STJMRR W^WR? mrus TO ^ © I T O T t ^ J T O tlR^RRR ^ I OTSR-C5ftH R R -
(71 STRWTO-'fl? WWNW ^"iwiiT W ? (?Tro «rR?5 ^ ^JHTO fÎIPIS*^ STRWITO R F I
(?WT-R)!|RS*RTO-C§»RI
(R StW5iTO' t^-CTO»W ^ t i ^ - T O * it^snt ^PTLTO <j<j^W W I ^ mm t=^rsi*
11%?* liRWRmi^ ^ TO W I TO I ?«N-
bI TO* 5WNTO (C.T) ( Current Transformer) I
c«lc^«t 331*1 W i l l ? ( P . T ) (Voltage or P o t e n t i a l t r a n s f o r m e r ) I
i I TO* | t W ? T f ? ( C u r r e n t T r a n s f o r m e r ) (C.T)
ft^ TOR (Mm 4jiRfR?m-4? 2nRW%
Rl* RTR5H ? s t ^ ft.tR R«fRI 4 . f t Rlf^tS? ^
WR* itlRIt W l ^ I ^mfR^R 4R°v ^Rf5
IR^NR?
boo
TO*
A ('Sm)
WRR <3m5 W S T O
F l t r ® ( R f t RRR? S^?#
TR^ 4 R I It^^T
Wl
mm RW?M CPR
^STSM RJ? ? ^ , ^ ^ (2-00 C«Tl*? (Rpf ^[tlR

Rf??ifl w i t ^ R?in R?i?in W l R? f ? t w ^1 caj
? s t ^ SlRWTO
^t R ^ ? l ^ ?sf?TO ^ RLT^ ? s i ^ SLRWRL?
iii?°v CTOJW 5IRR?RR R T ? ^ W t ^ t ? t RR:^ I
Contents
t w ^ t r o RIM
TO*SiRwsiRj*iJilijwc'B«9 cmm\&5Rtt? wt ^ i t r o T O I ^Rt-^ntftfl'«

cRwstft «Tnt1«î sfttRitt 'Q?rttt^ csn^ m ftm RR w?i^ ( i - v s 'Bt^) iflp^ ctcwtft W?PI R^
*t^ ft?n 2^?n§ w t -^t^t TO I sfttRtf «?nt%^ Rtt??t? t r f ftir*^ t t n t n w t TO 03?^
^slTtt%->^ 'SPf sm Rt^^ w t TO I cfiRssif « ? n t % •^t^ uuiijf5ii;i«i ^RR?*? >i«Rt
^TOt? ftRw? ^ RttRt? ^ w t i t - i R s an^s w a *
StRWTO--^? ^fUfJlftSt? <? A <3 i o A ^ TO 1
i I (TPSf f i T O ttRWTO (RS T J ^ TO w t Rt? I ?«ft- (?s) ftW-tTFBf fitRWTO, Ct) Rft
(Rs^SlRWRt? I
;il (Rst? R ^ ? t f SlRWRI?!^ 1 ^ TO^f W t ?t? IR«It-(?s) (Rst? * t t t J l R W R I ? , W CT^T
l5ttR 5 t R W n ? . (t) Rt5t-5tRWRt? 1
v3 I <J<^t? R^Rtft StRWRt?nR5 ^ TO ^ * t W t Rt? I ?«It-i I C§t W IWWRt?. I C§t
^5i@i^ S i R W r t ? I _ .
(R 5 t R ? R R l ? ( ? T t - ( S 5 l ^ 4}^«t ? 5 ^ *T5-(J5T^ R t ^ (R? TO5?s (^t ^ « t S t R ' P ? ^ R W I
RTRI? C? StRWRI? * T 5 - ( T O » ^ aj^*t ? # ? ! (?Tt-C®tt^ Rt?nt (R? TOtRS (§«t ÊttR 35iR?'?Rt?
??RI
^ I C^5tt:^|T»I?RPRTR ( V o l t a g e Transformer) (P.T)
RR -^^R^ R ^ $ H | « * t ? i C f S T ^ 5lRWiltC?<J R f l ? © ?T?3[t? ?s?1

? t ? t TO I Rt?t?«t^ C%t-i51^ |lR^f?Rl? iiKv1?s??t TO? ^ttl?5
Kv CS <j<JÎ<J ^ ? t TO I C^t*fR5t?, «RfB ft5T?, Rlf?P^ (y4>IW?
C T O ^ ?STR1R (^«t-\5tt^ 5lR^5P?TTf?-'il? R f ? ^ < ) < ^ l ? ?s?t RfC^P I
CTOJW latRW4tl^->i)? (?f(:?s«tft «?Tt^ ill?^ (Rttt'Rs ^ (Body)
W*llt I t?TO? (R^ i i o V - i<fo V R ^ ^tRt

tlRB^PlUW $ ! R W W
RtCÎ
ITWWRS ( 3 (P T r a n s f o r m e r )
^ Rt^RtC?? ^ Rl?tR«r® (3Cp) CWI * t t t StRWRt?
d5?l1? ?s?t TO I ^-(R^CW Vitus ft7?f5I-(7|s^ « ^ W <3
wf?Rt ?5^ 'II?»S i ( ? % '«i?^ ^ ?SR Rn:t I 5tR'RRt?-'ii? R^"pn*t

t5R ttc^ mm ^ I
Contents
CSP'Rt-C^ ( A/A Delta-Delta connection )

m-m^ ^ m^ "m, tmm-^ s n t ^ i f « c^nRssitt « ? n t % ^ c s ^ -
tfir - t p r iy/y s t a r - s t a r Connection)
C « ^ - * f i r ( A / y Delta-Star connection ) >T^CTW
<?iTO \>m\4 «p5i%c® R ^ 1?w«t R # T O « R j , c§R ^5T&RfimwTO-«a<?c<5*t-^-RSi!?n»t

?pn^ wt ^ TO ITO^ (JST;*^ C§R W «RT TN3?n? 5i*ifj)»iiR . R J ? ^ -^t^t
TOl
îCtff-CaP'GEr (y/AStar-Delta c o n n e c t i o n ) f^WtR
%t«j-c^ Rl c E * i ^SwwMic^^î 'mim, ^KM R t ^TOÎTOA/^

wt <RTOt TO I
N1/N2 V 1 / V 2
t i ? - c®%t, (:SR- ^R i:n 1 : n/ V a
CB^ - C § R - CJl^S*? n : 1 ' Vsn: 1
. SfttRlft « CRWattt «?rit%«--'a?l CSr^ ?t R?.TO R ^ R T O S Sf'TOlTO-'il?! R^RI^ Rl?f I
Vs N,
•ilTO Vp = «fttRtft CTO>^
Np = s t t t R t f 1»t^ m'«tn
Ng = C R ^ « I ^ t>t^ RtRrt
K= i^R'vRrtl
Contents
SiRWTO-^fRi c R c ^ i f « s r t t R t f t Rf5?i TO ft?n c R c ^ i f t e •fwi t i ^ r t TO,
srttRlSt « { ? K ^ l f TO* ^Riara Ip'S Is " 5 t ^ , a f t t R l f = (TflWtf ^ W t
Vp Is
Ng Ng Ip
Vp ^ Np
c®T(ÔT?'sr^RF© R w i^??, (RS ^ « t ? ^•>rfs ^ I
Vs "^s
. b I >OTf^ A/y iiii»i^<iijiW5i srrtRif c ^ s t ^ - b b f%cRn^->/)?i ( T O ^ 0.8 I w n cs^ 1
WtRrtRf^-boo KVA, RIOTO RlTt? 8 o % R t w ^ n t R t t ^ C>iC4*l^ TO* W5 ? f t ? W I
RRtRtR
X - F o r m e r -A/y
V p = 11 KV
100 X 1000
Vs = 0 . 4 K V = 4 0 0 V . In = ~T= = 5.2A
X 1100
100 X 1 0 0 0 ^
Is = — p = 144.4 A (
V3X400
^1 ^ 0 0 KVA oooo/;^(?oVolt ,tlRWrnR?I ( R i R s ^ W ? K W *t<^ b-o (?is) s T f t R l ^ ^ t ^
a t f ^ % t.'^R. (^) atttiJl^ ^ C->i(:<f'^l^ RTSTO W l t i a TO* ^ |
RRtRtR
STftRfft C®ti:*W V p = V5000V.
t^lW^jlH CTOJW V s = ^<tov.
Vp Np
Vs Ns
NpVs= VpNs
Contents
srrtRif c«Tc*w Vp= vsopo V.
sfttRtf Ns= >>ô T.
Il=-
y
' / vsViCosq)
ôoxbooo
P
n?«?m wit]:?
C*li<"&lll W l ? * Ii=
b.«lvsCJX^<?o
= 8^^.8 ^flTtftWI?
vs I i i i ? s f ^ c ? s w <?o ->ii$wn ct-^ w i ^ j?i-*i^<iîii(!:?it*Ivi'si«
^ I TO ' S f t t R t t <3 (i>n<t»&i3] ^ciiii? -Ji'vRn ?T% ? 5 ? I
TSfTRfR
9 max — AXBmax.
= \^<tX'i>k.ooo= ^'{ooooo ^ntR
= o.o^l 'Q17l?I?
Vp=8.88xfX(()maxXNp
Vp
Np= ^•
8.88xfx<pmax
880 880
= HV5.8(?
8.88X <?ox o . o ^ « l (t.
N p ^ Vp
N s V «
Contents
. NpXVs '^SX^ô
= —= ———= 'o<\ W
Vp 880
Np= vs*!
81 o (Ff^.^, (to mm ^^t>ooi^po6v3}mmm ctori b(fo (?i1»m 1
^ ) TO*Rifl? Wl
CWl IPm (Pmax = A x B ^ a x
=bCoxboooo
= ^(tooooo
•^.(tx'io^ lines
. / . antsnf <3?nt1«'v ^ ail^ <?KW
Vp=8.88xfNpX(pniaxXio-*^ C®1*
8.88X<?oxb.<?Xbo«»
ciwîSI R t t ^ R^wt'f «nwi

• b
CSK^W ( V p ) = - p - x R l t ^ CTOJ^
v^^ôoo
V s = — p VC0I*
Contents
KVAxbooo
Il =
v5Vp
(TPW TO* ( S T f t R f f <3Tntf9°s)
II
(RlWlf W ? R W f ^ W R *
NT
Is = IpX
Ns
->ii? (Loss of t r a n s f o r m e r
^TO?^ R ' f M ^ «tn W TO I ?Rl--i I f^TlRfR^^ R ' f M , ^ i t ^ TO*
W^ W ? *l^>l<iwn;»s W R * R i t R i f «Rttf«°s-^? ftRf^sRt^ TO RRff^^ ^ I R t ^ W T
^^WfD^ • f t e C W R ? "SR*!! f ? < # T ^ ^ I ftltl^s^R RJT'K^tI^ " f ! ^ "5<3TO W T
ft^lf?^ 'tftsn't R f ^ T O ^ I RR5nC^ f ^ ^ l w f t - M ?I?T I R W ( R t ( : ^ f t f l T R f R ^ ^ f M
% R f î ^ f T ? - > i i ? ^ f F ? r © f t R R P r i ? wi?^ R i ^ ^^rlt^ W i R i % ^ i ( R s r - ^ ^ tt^rwTO-
^fT?RR
'm f R (Fm(loss)W?=
(full load) W ^ ^ R R R ? R,RF?I booo NSTTTS ^ I (?n^ ^ TO
V J
(Efficiency of t r a n s f o r m e
5 i ^ r w T O - ' i i ? ®<5,Rtfw "^^w! <3 wwm ^ R r « w tPrwsn? • w r w i ^
Contents
-SR?T ^sn^ ' n « = V1I2 X Pf
^srmêf Wi lii^'s^sTO ^ antRif ^ ( T i ^ t f ^Ritfo^v 121R1+122R2
^ V2l2XPf
^<ii?, w m w i = V n X 100%
V2I2 X Pf + Wj + l2iRi+l22R2
^ wwwift%i? = , — =b-
t^t^ «tt<3TO
5iRwrra-i^?[ w^ «iiR ft-^ I Ri<n ft:^ ( ^ 8

(KWH) « (KWH) --ira ^ f l ^ o ^ TOlftlR? W # f W ! ?(?T I
'Bi^B ^'5(KWH) ii8 ?%m, ^

tRI^ ( K W H ) ^ 8 ^ ^
w t -^tRt \
VQ—V
C»T(^ C^<©7?m = — — X boo%
i^TO V o = (RT© 1 ? % W ^ ( T f ^ l f t ( J 5 T ^
V = (?rt® w ^ (RC^'Qtft cTO^w I
(b) ^ i ^ , (^) cw?i, ^TTttf^'s, ( 8 ) « ? ) "^m cs^, i'h) . f t r o , cî m m^ c « * , (v)
??:RMW (h) c<tl^«15<j, (bo) TOtftstw, (bb) (b^) "oitt c 5 ^ , (b\5) « ^ tfeps?,
( b 8 ) 1 ^ ° s ( ? ^ w t , b(?l C § t H W , (bW (RtRtR, ( b ' l ) f t f R k ^ , ( b V ) ^ ° s T 5 t 1 ^ , (b&) (R^ C?l*
twtfti
Contents
R?f^ fBijg? ftft^ TOS
i'^) csFH ii.) cm (vs) « ? i t 1 « i (8) «?)

(St^ w (<b) (îRT^ (n) ^ csv^ (v) <?n-
CvtolC^'Sf ^ (5*) ?sg|TO5? (bo) vfl^ C®*
(bb) feiRwrra 2^ (b^) ?'«iz?rm (bvs)

<f5*Rmm c»m(b8)|lTOi
bl^5?F (Tank)g
TOt BhiMnw 'Bit??! Mtef Wt TO I t r o '5^*0 cm « 'switlî ROTI^ w t

TOl
CTFt? (Core)s ^ (?n?5? Pil^wH fftTOt=ijtlviw*t^ ¥??n StRwrt? cm ^sRt^ w t ^stRt

TO I t 5 t ? *J?F^ sm o.vsvs ftg ftg I t t ^ t^lRRJ^? CRTO R«!t?T Rtft«t TOt 2lC^sJ<^fD f!^ W t
TO I t i t W R * WHRt 'G^X ÎÎ^WlU's RTttlRl^ IPt^ ?#TO W^^ "IJlWWlU's (Rn? R I ? ^
W t ^tRt «ftiRS I TO ^ RJtfRPttS® (Rn? 8%-(?% R-HlJlWPil ^ ?sTO I lilPlWtR (RTO^ f?1%3
TO? ?sf?Rt |fs'!WTO 2^5?t§ ?Rt ^ TO ftW (R"G?t
m (RPt? tf^*tSt»I^RRlR (Core t j ^ e

Transformer) g ? t ^ «?ltt«»v (R^TiR?
R t ^ ftRt ?J?t ^ TOW (RSI? ^ R
StRWTO ?1R I ât 'SRftfs's ^ ^ ^ ^ - ( R ^ «
%Gm 5tR?RRt<:R RIRTO ?s?t ^5t?t TO I aFHT^fe^
cm '5tti Sfnsp?TO
m (?W *5f^R|lRRRrJrtR ( S h e l l type cm

T r a n s f o r m e r ) g R t ^ «?ttf«°v ( R n ^
^ W fR?t W t 15R TOW CRR * t t R
StRWRt? ? ^ I ^mm tt^'RtRRt? m
' ^ R ^ ^^PR^ ^?tRt TO I
Contents
is.'b c # r ^ tw<iiGa<WM R ! R ^
(t) (Rft t f ^ R tt^Wrsrf? ( B e i y type
T r a n s f o r m e r ) 8 (Rt? ^ 1 g l R W r t ? (RR
W5rR->i5? W 3 ? I 1%^ ût

Core
tiRWTO-vfl? s n i W ^ ' <3?Ttf9°v 4 ? ^5?
^srftRs TTnnwf&^^ W (Path) RTl^t
t i R w r r a 4 ? Rj?TO ! R v^'s
(?) ^ « (Rst? * l t R t t W s J R t ? (Wound core type
Transformer) 8
(Rn?«lR f??«r * t t n ?s?i ^ TO I (mm
^R? ^ (i'^f^Rf <3?ttf8°s ?5?rt I ^WOi> «

(Loss) ^ ^ ? l RR t R | ? * i m <3 f^TOlRR R R <3.
W ^ t R T RRR51
OI < 3 R 1 ^ < (Winding) 8 S T R R ? ^ - ^ ? 2 R R ^ 8 <3?lt1^°s ?s?l I ?«n- (?s) 1r1r^?5J1R Rt

4Hi>iRa4 <3?ltt^'s (Cylendrycal or c o n c e n t r i c ) , (R) R T T Q ^ Rt t * 1 ? % 5 \ 5 (Sandwich or
i n t e r l e a v e d ) I R l ^ f t ^ t l R W ^ T f ? <i]? fRtRt|?5jM <3?Ttt«°v <J<^W ? 5 ? 1 ^^RI RtW | l7f?i:?H-(RsW
.^fTWRt?-^? ^?5^f^ R t t ^ 4 ? ^ (7TlRs«Tft 'Q?ltt^l TO ifl??, t|-(R5W SlTORf^-^?
2llt¥ltt ^ % ^ <7RR5>STft ^Rltt^°s ? I ? T O ' 5 t ? 1 TO51 (J?n-C«Hi>e? (Low Voltage) tRlR^?5T(R
•«"?Rtf«°s, C T O ? t ^ ? * t f l t ^ ^J^tRf TO ^ ? l ^ CStl^W (High Voltage) ' Q R l t t ^ l , ^ ' R
?>HC>tRj<^JI^ «RR •=lt'R ?s?I ^![tRf TO I (RRRR % R T T O f ? W I ? T O ^Rltt^'s R f W 'QRltfai-'S?
T^*JT 2 ^ Rt ? r « F ? , ?l?f ^ 1 ?si?Ri? ? J ? f t W I •5tRt ^TIW I
' T T i ^ ^ <3?tt1î'T!^ F t ? # W l ^ - ( : « i ^ « (Ri-(:TO^ ? ^

cm-c«ic^'t^ 'û!^> ^ ' R ?Ri ^ 4?i ^ f ?RRi? ^-c«r:*w '^mm ^ ' R ?5?t ^JÎri TO i
8 i "^s^l (Oil) 8 ^ 5 R « , t f ^ T W s n ? - ^ ? RlR ^ T O PtC<bHI ? 5 ? I ? t ? I t ^ t <3?ttf8?. ^ ( R S R W ^ 1

^tt^ ^ ?I??CI? W I TO I TO W I ^RltfQ's-'il? t'JSRR? fiTO'Q ^ ?#?t RTW I
t l W g m ? ' ' I l ^ feR R i R 5 B l ^^Rt R f W I ^ I R W I R W ^ 1 ?TRRT? W{i W^^^^ W R RRI<I
?TR^ W I ^ I t"5T7R? t ? % R R TO 1 ( R ^ - R T I R T O ^ (Askarcls) R l t R R R (Pyranal),
l R f t w (Silicon) t W f f t I
' i i l ^ i ? <3 fti^wi^T jvs5T Fsi^w? $'^wT;5i 1 R m r o ^twt Rf<3?i? R ^ ^ ? ^
?v:? I ^ ? l^ R l I R ? ^ (Hygroscopic) W R I RWI°v 2^5^ W « M
Contents
T^Rf«tfN 'wn:<t * t t ? c « t r a Rt i r w i i ^ît *t?ti?T?i lR^=if«}f6?s s^?!^ ? i t ^
(^sR-îj? ^Q<)w ft#fR® wT?jRtn B t R w n ? ^î w t Rt? I ?«rt-
m ftfVi R l " ^ W t ? R t ? ((RRfT-?®5T ( ? R * R t R t I R ) , m ^ t«fIR^ ^ lR(RRf (?)
vSRt#t1 >Q ( R * t R ? 5 R t ^ ?5t?'?fTTO, (<S) ^ ^ « t t®Ttft !
<f I ? s « f l R C ^ (Conservator)? RÎRt t r t ? ? 5 1 TOJ IfRWSn?-^? RI«n? ?RTWt «ttW I
ii|?°v 5 ' R ? R R 1 ? - ' ^ ? ' S l l O T R t t ^ R l t l t ? R I ? I W R l W t l W t «ftW I ^ R ? RîJ? s f t ? M
&®5T ? t ? t W I «mR51 5 t R ? R R 1 ? - ' i I ? tn^vW? ? S R *ll?JxsW R ! % R Rt ^^pfsR?! ?53?i<jivbl3<I ^ ^ T S
? 5 R R t f ^ R t ?5fT!?t ? I ? I t3^£l?R?TOl
^ I ItRt? ( B r e a t h e r ) ? t l R R ? R t ? * t ? R « ^ t ^ ^ g ^ ? ^ 15l1R?RRI?-ii|? 2^ ?T\^ « ? y 5 n ? RT5?
^;ST?l^*(R? *R!R? 1RW R t t t t ? % W ? M R RTRI-RI^RI ? n R tTOt ftRf? ?Rt ^ I R t a ^
5lW?RTO-'^? ^-tW?s1^ ?STqtt?1 (Tf? l <|vs|W<] ^ 5 1 % ^ SôW? R f t ^ R % f 3 F ? t
^gs%n ^ T j H / Î f i R ? , 2 ^ 5 ^ Rtig^ ^ ?tft?t? RfRTO ^ t R t « n W l 5tR?RRt?-iil?
^Wt R t ^ S R l f t ® ? s ? l t I t R f l R ? ?5rsf I C m i ^ (R^^n ? 1 ? vilRJT t ^ W I ^ ^RtS t l t ^ 1 ? t W ?
R I R t ? <£i^ RI3I ^rtRHRI R t W i R t ^ ? 5 ^ r i ^ v 5 ? I ? ? TO R l ^ TO 1 ' ^ t R t ^ i R R T O f R TO I
fR^TOR (CaC l2) R t ^ R I S ^ CTOt ^^%n ( R ?I « ? ^ R R ^ IRIRTOTIR? ? ^ I T ? iil?°v
^''t ft*f«t W I T ? R557 ? 4 % T ^ «ttW I - : '
II *ff^RWR ( E x p u l s i o n v e n t ) 8 S t R ? R R t ? - ' i l ? R I « n ? ^ ' R ? ^ WT?ttR&T(R? Rttt
t n « I W R l t ^ R ° v " ^ W t «mR51 ^nt R f t ^ f ? Rl<T ' [ R W T f t f ? f f t RTil^ I lilt ' J ^ W n f t f % f t ^ ? t t l ^ ° v -
^n? R ? ? ? ; R ? ^ 2 P ^ W?T ? n ? I W WM ^ ^<^R^'^t^, TO R 5 P f ?Tft?R R?Tf5:^ ? # 5 n ? < R W
? T ? T O ?5?I RtW I ? f t ? t % ? £f?tfts ^ t C ^ ^ TRR, TO *n?W f%lRn?t R f ^ I

Rwti ft?t*R3Tîft m % T t r ? ?]R5T? ^ t ? t « n w I
*iwlsf.ot5<]-
V I R t R H S f f ? W ( B u c h h o l z relay) 8 ' S \ - ^
ft?g«r^ % « t t R I (R S l R W T O - v a ? ^ R T t l ^ l ^
W t fHWfe?^ ? s ? t ^ I (TTt S t R W R t ^ ?7:RRW
f?(R ?T?5H ^ t ? tR t W I t T ^ ^ w s n ? - > 5 ? '&n??5
« ?53?1<i(:«'G«iI R!RT ? R n R T R R : ^ I " ^ I t l T W RC^JT
Wsrttw TTTR Rtf?? ?#?Tt ( R « ? t ? W^TT,
<1J?^M ? s ? t ^^tRI TO51 ? r t ? I W RCJJT ftR^rf^
WRCt tTTR ^ ' ^ ' ^ ^ I ( R S R - ( ? 5 ) Tf^-TrrfwS^^
I J i f v i W - I R , (1) R f % ^ (RTU5? TSfJ^ t j l * I W V i W - > 5 ?
NS?Ttf9°v ' S f f ^ ^ * f ^ , ^ ^ ^4
R^'iRT^, (R) Rt<t 3Ff^, ( « ) ^ trtlFI?, (5) R ® J ^ « t
Contents
h I wf^C'SU-d (Radiator) g &R?iRTO-4?l <>9i<H mm

?sfMt TO I 5mwTO-'Xi?i TO ^ s H R ^ M ^srferot TO i mB w %t 2^ mmt Râ^t
?s%® TR? I <|vslC>l<l R T O ^ TO I f?«fl?I. R 5 ? ^ ^551 ^ [ t ? tTOI
bo I TOftftet? ( T h e r m o m e t e r ) g <«nwi& 5 T R W n ? I - ' X l ? Rllt TO 1TOIfilRWTO-
i3?i ^Tsnait ftOT*f I ^rnwTO ^?tt1«»v-4? RKCI ^ w z n ft%ra wû
TOS I Rt^ * * f ^ w ^ F s Q o ' (Fim^ WRT ^ w z i t f?Rii%sn R f ^ a R ^^s%5f cflprn::^ RR Rifw?n
ii I lftt< ( B u s h i n g ) g ^?nt1«?-4?i ttfvm, Rftv4?i •5n*iTw R t f t i R R t J ? ^ I jahwuw-ifra
t#TiR w t j t ?t:«nfp5 î???? '5ri^?5 ^ i ; ; ^ -mif^ t ^ a i ^ p ^ (3<i?. f a r o ? ^ RR ? T O t § f 5 ^ i
R^ f f t t R t f ^ (^sWi t ' i p f s ? , TOI S m ? T O 'STI^JW
I t g ^ RITO ? T O tTOi
t ^ p s m * l t t C t T O ^«!t<II ^ ?mra ^ ? t 1 ovs KV t?® ffttmil^ Rft?,- C t T O «
i^ I OS^ (Tap Changer)? •sff^CW f?1%^ (RTCM W ^ l t J P i W T O - ^ (RWQtft cm^^

w ^ Wt ^ I tpfiwro-ifra ^"^-lO? RijRt^ R : ^ ^ Rt«iTw R t R W i t ? ? ^ ?isf??i ( R w « i f t csr^
t ^ ^ J i w t TO ^5TOs "ent ^ I csm ^ i mf-^m ^snt c w ,
(^) R J T - ( ? I I 5 J * H C53^ I - r-^r
W (RI^ ^ W P ^ ^'^R TO? R T O T R T F CRm-?rtt C53?t?l f l W P R t ?5%m C^ldêr R ; ] : ^ WI
^ I 1 ^ îRWTO { R m - W I t ? Gm CSmTOt'50T5?n^ ^ R R R « R t W?f3F?I « K R iQbWHl ^^%rt
cTOJWtt??^ Wt ^ t ? t «IRRS I
ivs I C^Km ^ t ^ i l R ^ (Oil level Indicator) ? ?s^t<ir®=5C?? R f t ^ WI I
tRt?! R t T O I ( R C 5 5 I « l f t ^ W t TO I
i8 I 1R^^ m (Filling Hole a n d Cap) g ^ i R W R t ? - ^ ? 2 ^ ^s^WwlPw^ R I T O

©RC?? TOt lt?^^ W I ^ I TOITOTOI«1R5R? vsTl'B^K.s? «n(Rs |
i* I CIJJXH (Drain Cock)8 ^ i R W r R - ' ^ ^S^R?]? ^ - T R t ^ ^ « R t CB^ ^ÎRW ^ C g t ^ W
4? R I T O I Rltt? W t ^ iflRl (RIRt?. 5 l R R R ^ - ^ ? 'Blt^.TW %5? R?IR RRRRt «mRS | C ? m i ^

RITOI I f R W R R W ^ ^ ^ ^ (?j.Q^ -jn? I |WWRI?RRS iBc^SWH ^J?^ ^Rs^ ?s^TO
^ StvSMHs^4 TO I StRWRI?W R ] ? ^ W I ^5t?t
« R ^f?TO ^ 1 UlfiJHM TO I
S t R w r o - i ^ ? 1?%^ ^«iti w i f t r o ^ ^wqRRRR?TO(R^TTB, 4 ? ? . WRIRROT^RITOSI

StRWRra-ifl? ^ «Rltt«°v, ?STO ^ R m ? « t R ^
( R S R
»RR ^ t* ] : i I ? f t ^Rsnail WRRI ^ TO, ^

? t
S t R W R R - 4 ? t ^ J ^ m RS ^ t ? t R i t W I Sl*l*f<JWM ? f t
^ ^*iRiaim ? s t ^ TO, ^ t ^ t ? ^sn^-i^B
W I RWti * R t W 5WWTO ^ t W I TO I
?slt-
Contents
( i ) kflflft? (Air Cooling) 8 <t (KVA) f R 3 JWRTOW TOt *1«1 W t
(^) TO^r (Oil Cooling) 8 srf?I ^ ^^^WTOt, SiRROT
^ 5 5 ) TOt ^ W t R? I StRwn?-'^? cm <3 ^ îRtan

2Wf?I ^ i^'v W f i ^ ^ W R * ^'R ^ R t TO I ^
^'SR <J?ntt^»v « (Rst(R? Rl'RT?^ ârtlRlR n?R R^
¥ ^ RttW I t ^ f t ^ Wttro feR fSTR fl^R^ RJRTO
i[t?n mc^ I (RI®(R5? RiTO«t^ 2 ^ R t a n ^sfwro TO^
wt ^ I R T ^ RITOI 2 ^ 5 ^ ^'91 w t TO I R W t l «t?r^ io)
5tRWRfC3 !^®w<i Rt^jw 2 ^ R f e R ' i ?#?n SlR'WRI^W ^ 1

TOl
R^ R\5 5 l R R ? R t ? - ' ^ C W I RR7R? RtTOJ (Rt^WB?

•s?I*}J 2 ^ R l R 5 R « t ' W f ^ ^ 4R»v mm RfTOJ RlWf *1W « #
2fRtfl?s ? # ? n 5tRWRf?RR5 ^ 1 W t I
(o) 'SRittR (Water Cooling) 8 SiRWTO-'il?

cm <3 «Rttf8°v 2 ^ s ^ Rl?J ^RIM RtW 1 troi! (RTOt
^ (R, nrft? ^ t ^ f t îRWRt^-iii? ? j i ? r w R?in
R t R f ^ TO I RtTO Rl*P ftRt R t ^ RIWIJ ^ 1 Rift

t f e ' I ^ t " ^ I M I RttRW iTQt RRR5 4R°v ^ 2^
^ 1 Rtft? R T O ^ R(R 2 ^ irtai i[t?t Rtw i «RR
SiTORTOW ^ t W t l[t?t Rt(R51
rsI-'iR t . ^ ^ R . ^ a R - ^ RftW«f (E.m.f Equation of a T r a n s f o r m e r
<3-?nt1^°v-tii? R i R t ^ I f=Rt?rtt fifwtw-^ i. ^ ^^ÎIRT^ C ^ ^ ^ - ^mtrw ^

8
v I R ° v ^ ^ TO t = - ( R W 9 I ^ mm 1^?WR m 4(p max f w b («(7ITO)

8i t
aft% ypg t . iSR. ^ =4(pniax volt.
<£,-5i. tSPT. 'SIR

â'sR i^.ft. R t t ? ^QWS WSI W t ? = ~ ~ — ~ = b.bb
^RH
Contents
R m tw4!l3<t>jR -wm
mssi^, t . '^"SI. i^^s-tRi^?! m . ^"SI. ( R M S ) "STR
= l . l l x t . l i R . ^5"^.
= 4 . 4 4 (pmax f volt
4RRR s n t ^ -QRltf^l ( T F T ^ ( S e l f i n d u c e d ) t = # ^ t . '^"SI. 4 " ^ . y f = 4 . 4 4 N iCpmax f
volt.
i ^ R l C ^ t i ^ T f t <3?Tt1^v t % © R E t . 4 . â"??.
V2 = 4 . 4 4 N2CpmaxVolt.
^Hl^-sH s 4 ^ 5t^TO?TO 4 ? s f i t R i t t o s b o o o c'l^ i£i?i ^ t m w s r m ^<?o c » i * ^n^nt R i t i ? ^
Rsrr«rtR ^ R f i R C^-QRI TO,
Np = b o o o R t ^ Vp =^<to CS^
N s = ^ ? Vs=bô 7 ^
Vn Nn
VpNs =NpVs
NpVs
?I Ns =
Vn"
(•STH^Rmt)
= 8VO ( ^ )
(iSf^^ ( T m s f o r m e r Testing)
1^1^
V ! <^.R;R5!T; c5% ( C o n t i n u i t y T e s t ) ,
:^ i t ^ K ^ T ^ R (Insulation Test),
I cnm\^ (Polarity Test),
8 I Gf^ ^ti5^ (Coil self s h o r t Test).
(t I 3ai^^^^l<-^^ CSV^ fiP^ CB§ ( T r a n s f o r m e r V o l t a g e P r o o f T e s t ) ,
^ i ^^3T(f^ ( ShoTt Circuit Test),
'\ 1 'QTlTfi ^mf^ C5t ( Open Circuit Test),
Contents
Input^ Outpuf,
a i t t ^ « <RW«llt W?IR 1 ^ TO
TO ft^ ^ « 4R;RBi^ w t I^rm
« ^ T O i
StR^WRTa-'ii? tî:?TO cd^^=»i C 5 J T O ?
^>itTOi cB§ w t ^ I (RH? <3 '[R^ <3?nti«V'A?i m*o

t^JR»R wt TO ^ a i t t ^ t f <3
>iRsf5 iShV<l^M-<^ booo M Q - C o o o M Q t ^ r ^
(sf^trm t ! s ? n i R«Rt TO? ^ttr® c?Pt ^ < 3 T N
^ra^tRi
T? >fl? CRT«Tf^ P o l a r i t y o f T r a n s f o r m e r ' s
5tRW5It?-'il? fitttsitSt « CRWQtft 'omtt^'s <n? Cot^^WS ft?s i ^ t a c t t R i t m ft'^

wt mm^ i ?t ^s^^tf^ ^ i ^ i w r o t i t ^ t r o Tj^pfin ^^l??t? sntmft « c R w ^ t i
*i\'^LM RRt^ "^t^ I <£F^ CRpftHlteo R?2?in ^Îk^ I tk3I antsttft
« C5?w«if c^rtRTllft >fl? 1 ^ (RTOt "5t5ts
r—^
."1
C&t^ R»>J?n*t^8 c W T t ^ 1^ (Û^-vfl? % 5 (Lead) °
B « ft^ Cwt?:*^-^? % 5 C RtJPItt AB-^fl? RPÎWI^ ,
<m^mm^^^^^Z^\ A « B *8l|v^Nlt^ C>o|C*C'St Hô- 7r
V^fl?'s A<3 D C'oR^'Sf V l t i ^ t "2?^^ 1 V-^fl? (a)
^tt:«?ft Vi^"TO C ? P t ^ , ^ ^ ! ^ B f H ^ ^ St^TWRI? C l t R t ^ CB5
C T O ^ % 5 H24?°N C ft^^^ft^ <?otJ*2WRlt^ /—
La, V l C>olC*C«?5l >ItH C?Pf ^^?m ^ 'QTlltl^V^? C ^ n ^ H|,. V I»i . \ .1.1
Rltf^ (Additive)'SIT? ? f t V i - 4 ? "TO V - ^ îtC® ^£5,^6,
W ^ , TO ^t??f % 5 B fH H 1 ^fl?'s ^ C OLI'I
R t t ^ L i 1 V l -<i)? TO W ^ ^ ? , vSTTttl^V^?
CoT^ TOlt^ (Subtractive) ^ 1 Ibl
Contents
aiivsj^n; (TFSj te5T-(7PW J3l*l^*JW-4? "^^^ ^tc? I
(R C«ltî«!r<I STTORRR,CTtC^li^Ce?^ ^ «'=t 4?°s R ^ iooo V (TTft ? # ? n ift^
^ 1 ^ Cl5f C o K ^ W (RtJ^sfB?TOTs { % < ? o o V ^sf^Rf RT^Tt^ "^tw I RW l.f&
5mWTO8oo cTOR"5t^ 8 o o x ^ + i o o o = l r o o + i o o o = i , l r o o C ® ! *TOTi f l ^ ^s^liNs I
^tRWSrt? Rft^ { T r a n s f o r m e r test
«T:*R -*)|(^ CBS (Open-circuit test) o-

•<3>-
4
S t ^ t w t o - 4 ? "Qit? Rita's cBf, (?n^
^<%\I\ ? 5 t e ^ I tflRT'Rs f53i ^ s r ^ ^ t f
^ T O t v s CRns ( L o a d ) - C « t C ^ f e t - 4 ? to ((R?!^
J
^?NT •Q f i R W R # Wi^grf) R'vWTt ?#r® <-a"
^ f i i R l R B K ? cRns TO* OT'fTt^ (Io) I t ^ R T ? ^ Gms<i <T7O W R * wRitc? i
RWT»v?5NRC^ ^ (Loss) (RT® MR W ^ *Rt ^ ^ I "QRfB iRBtCa C? R ^ C ^ R T t l R TO RTSJ?*! R R
{LOSS) ( R ' ^ t t ^ l
R ^ W R R W T R R R T % ^sf^t^ ^ t Z R W U t (RI® f ? f R W ^ ?SRR R R ? T % ^ s f e ^ t C ?
s r t t ^ "QRlt^-^? (Rt^^TPT R#WnR tf?RI1 {Rltflt R ? W ) I RTR ? s ^ , s T l t R l f
«¥ttf9°v (RT® Mr W ^ ?5-pn? I^^Rq :5JWT»V ^ T O ? t ^ = W—loRo (RT® MR W ^
tmWRR 4 ? Rt"QTO W ^ pf I
If
vilTO V l = R l t R l t t ^8?ntt«?.-'^? Crn^ I WJ«TW RT<3TO TO ?T1W WTTOI

W '
Pf =
Vixlo
Contents
(She)rt C i rc v i i t T e s \ )
Si«)*M>JW-«^?r (Pfcmi^ ^m^S (Rf*i m
9m Ri^-Rff^ ? s t o ^5tw i^^'v Gn-cm^îm w

9m t«i3i>i* (Rin ? 5 t e ^ti:? I m isjitRfft
o?it1«»v (?n-cTO5w R???rf^ I
^s^nttî"^? ^stH RR (R'^tttc? I R]^-5HwsrR
1 ^ (R ^RfB ( R R t t ^ TO ?sRi<i 1Tsrnract
RR * r R ^ w t ^ I R1^- R t i ^ CB^ w t t H s j f l .
C<l1«f5jtR « %im*it^ R t % w t Rt? I
(RSR - tHwtR Z = 7 =
(?n® ? s W
«leH2)tR R =
1?RR*rtR X = -R2
StWaRtR RJlRmt^J ?#R1R ^ * n R
1R^J%^ (?rt®W Cm^X <|s!?<l<J ^ Rt W s l f ? ^ 5tRWRt? iTtRlsrtR RITRtn ? s % t Rf*n?«t«t^
tlR?s^SWR l ' * ! ^ : ^ ' ' I ^ F t T O RtR ^ t O S ^ irtRtRtR R R t m ^ I t ^ # l 1 ^ ^st^l't StRWTt? RTtRtRt^
lt?F|5Rt W t ^ I ? R t -
i I ^ ? R f ^ « t : ? R t l ^ (Rvs?1? ^ I -
I (Rt® ? ^ ifiRsft St^TWRT? R ^ ? s i ? ^ R ^ tlt^l^HR W I ^ I
'Si^ 9m^-cm 51-91 *Mvt<5 RRrc?«t? ? s t ^ -^tw ?#us i c^ro-
i I C«IC^C*Sr<i| >il?st I
^ I CRtRt1?f i£l?5t ^tC? I
o I t H ® r t « i ?fBt% «ii?st ^ i t i : ^ 1 Î
vilt StRWRt?-<iR sntRtft « ( R W Q t f «?ltt9^v-'^ tPHWlR R f ^ ia?°v JlRWTO-iil?
WRtlRf^ % ^51% ^ R?5Rtn W I RTCi? TO ?s1^, ^^^t^ ^tR'IRRt?-'^ 8 8 0 / ^ ^ 0 V , 5 K V A
^ R > T J 1 ^ 8 8 0 / ^ ^ 0 V, 3KVA),
Contents
iflt 5PTWTO«1% s r t t ^ « ( R W e t f ' O R l t ^ 'il^sl^ RttfB«f (Common ) W\ TO R«ZRPt ^X
m\ w c^MiQ^w R?Fim w TO i 1 ^ (?rre ?slt^ ^ c ? , ^ WRf? S m w r o -
4 3 Wnl5f1^ R^^nft oT»t ? # C ® ^ I ?n?ef, IMWd^-H (Percentage impedance) RRR

TOI
|t-CWf I m W R R irmiRIR ?[ttR, l R m - C ^ 5 l R W R I ? - 4 ? ^ R® ?s%(5 |
1%Prf^ R^ W U t 1?*f I <RR=T-

i I (Rsw TOOR 4 ? s t ^ t l ^ I
^ I (RS]:w 4?st I
Bi*i4f?i»jw -i transformer 1 Y / Y Y / A A/ Y y/y • A/ A
t r a n s f o r m e r Jl A/ A A/ Y Y / A A/ A .
^ - C ^ R?JRft R ^ RR
tlRWrR-i transformer- I y/y A/ A
StRWRR-^ transformer-1 I y / A Y / A
^ f i m r o t R - ^ *mRWsi R^WtR OTTOff ^ 8
fvr > ^
l-(p
-ft
-T
3- (p
-II
Contents
IJftR « CR5I I 5 f ^ * t S t R ^ ^ T O R f R W *tt<^
c5r»i^*rStRWRm
i 1 C<»lWi1 RjVoW W* 1

î 1^1^ ilT1»l6H!^ Il'-il «!TC^ 1
«1 c^sicg^ c # r «ffw 1
8 1 t w RTCs?^ W T 15T? -y^vm w
STTJtl
(? 1 5^1 ffll CÎC^* S% *l1\!»'G"^C'i;i5 'Si'TJ •^J'iJAliI •*<5)

1 3TJ[i:W C?I?W5 W I W 1
1 H' <?J?t>l^ W I »lêt ^ 1
<l 1 a t r s p p s f l t ^ 'S c>ii<ii^lll <?ITW W T

«i 1 t"^TI I
Contents
A/ Y
Co- •Oc
V/V C o n n e c t i o n
£
Bo.
T/T Connection
4o- -Oa
-Ob
CO- -O c
^ JlRWrm CAuto-Transformer)
5tRwc5i? l i j ^ <3?int%»s ttru^ I 'SFFt « ? f t % ° s 2 i t t ? i f t ^ ( R w ^ ^?nf%°v <ptw ?#?n
«fiw 1 ^ 'STrftfei S m ^ s m ? ? « ^ ' t r ^ ^ r «ihi R^îf ? s f ^ r i wi ^8?^tl%°s
srttwr w ^ ifjô w ^ 1 1 ^ t?1%^ ? J W 5 ^?t?n «iiw i
O
o
o
-o
o Secondary
o
Primary
Saeondary
STEP - UP
STEP-DOWN
Contents
aai*i*p<]vii<i -ô<)
CWT-i 1 l l t W ? ^ R (drop) ^ ' T ' ^ W I ? ^ Gifm ( B o o s t e r ) % M RJ^Ô? ^
^ I t ^ S l ^ C^n?? ^ C W ! ^-BM*MVJI<J OJ^W ^t?T RfW l «?o% FUII
voltage % n «nw) I
vs I TOW ?FI^ ^ TO I
8 I f l ? « *t^?vMt5T CTOJW ^ ^ T O R t B l - ^ I R W r o ? T ? ^ ^ TO I
^SCR^-CS^ ^ « f ? f^lf^ ^ÎTTtR ( O p e n - d e l t a or V/V c o n n e c t i o n )
A/ A R ? i T O « t ? ^ a " ^ StRwrra ^
TO I TO srftRfte 3(p Rinit îwrn
co O c
aronn ? 5 % ? r ( R w ^ i f t e (?n® f?f=T w ^ 3 ^
cTOw Tt^nT Tftw I Gi ' r a f w R t ^
O b
fitfWsniR? R T T O T 3 ( p R % -ÎHIvsiQ^ W t ^
^ T T O « I R ^ C ® * t ? t V - V R?I?tn RC5TI ^ t§3l
o <c
v - v mwtn (Rvsin ^ 1
^ R^WtR Rt 1^Wt? R^WtR ? t 1^-1^ R^Wt^

S c o t t c o n n e c t i o n or Teasar connection or T-T connection
l R m C W tlRR?Rt? T-T W R ^ 3 (p ^ t C ^ 3 - <p R t 3 (p ^^t^^ 2 <p ? t 2<p ^t^:^ 3 <p

Rtf^ ^-m^ W t ^ TOW T-T ?t ^ Rt ^ I •'if^ S f r W R H R ? (R*l? TBltf^'v
?s%rt 1^wt? <MW4'«R W t ^ I lilt «iRiR? R ^ ^ n ? cm Bt^'fwrtiR? <RW^
^'vW Rtf^ I W R ^ TOI f ? f f ^ ^ ( R " i t l ^ (7nRsWt%5 2 <p Rt^Ttt SfWtn ^^f?Rt

R i t R t f C««fW 3 (pRltftt Rt«Rt ?ttd? I f^dÎ
Contents
INDUCTION MOTOR
WlCBlU^ RTMWfl»<fr ( R o t a t i n g M a g n e t i c Field)
^ ^ t e TRR i p m R'v'dt
(Link) ? 5 % n W ? * « tS<!,fg I ^£1.
B, •«2
%m ^ C^, ^ CTR f?f^ «Tntf«»v

OTRRTTf ^ ^ (TRIW ^ i * ! * ! ^ Ai A2
'G B i B a ^î?Wt OTTOI ^tro I ?1^.
îit WMi*w cm 2?î%?5 ©<s,7f ^
4WH'Stl5® W l ^ I TO ^ *^'C?)W I
I TO ^ < frost TO*W I A I B ^
CPTOl ^ T O I ^•si»vf5Z3m B GFm TOC*? TO
^ viR»v A <Mc<Jt*<j ^ R r ? i ^ I
iR'v 1^?*R?R 1 ^ m ^ ^ TOl C^-îm ^ T O 1 TOl i^'v -'I^^RR?
a froai (TfRlWl ^^*ilc^ I
c^^l ltif«t(R ^ to TO* A ( R W f l ? 'STfC^ îlRl B (RfCW TO* A ( R ^ ^ TO RSTR
TO I *if%*tPT? R ^ ^ t i ^ ?pm ^ R % ^<s>ig ? 5 % R ^•vTil^'tK^ 8<?° cm I
oî i%»n?i A GFm WR* Ritî ^^RTOs wui^ B WR* titRi Ri^m®
I '^t T r f ^ to fiRlfl^ R ^ Ct^^l Rlt^Tfil? I TOl vs^'v t i ^ R C ^ C froaj (RRHRI
(b)
^ trog ^sn^ t 5 i Ri«?i TO (R, ^ ^?tiRl^ i p m - R ^ ~ 5ii5wi *<5>ta
8 8
^ I 1 R ? € f RR^RI^^S <£Rst ntQlTI R l ^ 'TRR ( R , Rffe^T^ IFra ^'^ îRs ^ ^J%(?I ^ntWR
Contents
^«f^ ^ I <?TWC9 ?^5TO R ^ TO fifC*IC*Hll^ RRHI f^WICJJ^ f ^ , TO 'ft®

N = 6 0 X f rpm.
(Production o f Rotating m a g n e t i c F l u x b y 3 - p h a s e c u r r e n t s . )
2?5i%^
to V5-C7PW ^ CTIR
GRltiî w v5-<p Wl
^Rrawi^ W l I 'vsT^
( V a r i e s ) ?sf?IIR I RmiRl*?5
^tlW RIR'"Rf??s tf^R(7T?J vsl^
b??. lfif*RR? A C^RW ? n : ? *
nc^t^ RiRp^ Rfp^ RT:^ I
(RTO B <3 C WR*

(RdifB® ii<i?. B « c cwcm
W R * W R W l ^ RIPT TO I
W R * ©'RR? R«}T m
fn
si<Ilf^ ^tr^^ %M
ff?RTft?l R*IJ fWl« Sl^tft^
®R f ^ 2 R l f ^ ^ t C ^ I
^R?, if^RiR, B TO* ^ A « C(?PrW o.br^bvs TO* ^ I ' i T f ^ IFW
b?»^ v5o° CW:«1 <|JJI<Cv^ W ^ «IifiW4^ I
v5?°v i f e R i R (RRIW TO* R?R1T5 TOi^ ^ «^R^ A « B C^KW^ TO* -TOf^ ^ ^<Il
w Ri?^TO^ ^ f "^^TCfi* R f ? ^ s ^ TO vso° cw:«i <m<^ im *^1^ ^^Qc^sC^ I •
R R ^ 'QIR
<a) (RRl R R . R % v50° W?R RR?RR TO* W W ? R ^ j f ^ R ^ <RT<R ^
?RmmlR R%3RR v5o° ?st|?t ^ J f ^ I ^^Wll ^^^sf^ -^"^ ^ ( R ^ t R i|?stîjt (Rl^
Contents
?5jmf©^ ^ ^ R ^ W3 I
Rv5?tl OTRt TO
60f 2x60f 120f

N =
P
2
120 f
^li)"^, N = r.p.m
o-cjf^ R i t ^ s j i ^ R | z w -mum m i f w r ? ? ^^ÛS r ^ r t o i
^^wt ?5lwt «rTw 1 (Ti cm 'Si^ (j^rm -mm rwt^ TO? b.<? m ^ i >ii?^
?T^ IFm 1 R W W R nf%17« R I ? I C¥dW ^ t*I?C^°v (Interchanging) "^^Z^
«,®l<ll*tR CRfB? (Induction m o t o r
5tR?RRt?-^? Rn? t ' s T w R csrfBd?? <3
C?fB? vstnt%°v ^ (WR t l R ^ I W ^ ÎZRtn ?5gi
?TW ^ I t ^ R ^ CRfB^ t.
R?R?T^ ? 5 l ^ tlR?5j^T5m*URB t^T^.R^ TOT
C?fBiR 4 1 W * vs vs-SBrPiv© ^ %<!,'T^ •5?! I
t T O - t 9 T ? s * R CRfB? RiR I
^ ^ } ^ R ^ CRfSiR?' (Principle of i n d u c t i o n moto
t « T ^ * R (RfB?R? vsTTltfQ'v <£[ ^^HM^X 41 MH} W ? ? T ^ ? # r R R ? S RTIRiRfB^ "#ta5? ^ ^ I
^^t ^ ^ ( R f B l ^ <RfB? ? t ? l 4 ? s ^ I RITO R ^ (RlB? ?IC3 ^ s j ^ 511 vs ? r R ? * ^ ' ( ^
I >i)t ? n ( R * (RIB? f t t R l f t ? bl^fHC^ ^ n i R i ^ ?nR >il?»v "fte? R t ^
^^nt^ ^ 1 (Line Up) ^S^C^ TO I - f f e ^5fiT??v5 T^JITO ?sd5T (RTB? " t e ? R f ? ^ R l t ? R T t
^stCNS RT^R ^ I ^TORI W l ^ (R, (RC8?? R R (R1^DTI?^-TOI? TOI m^ Pi?^ ^ TOWt ?1«T1 2lRR
^ ^ R I W I ?f^>Q t « T ^ » R ( R T B ^ ( i § ^ " $ 1 ^ R ^ lf^<vsH •?? <3 C?fB? - f f e ? 2t%1aFTO
RC^ (RfB!? ( 7 l R f ^ m ? l f ^ ^ (?Tt *tt%? ( i § ^ ^ t e ? TO?^ R?S ^ (^m^ ? l 1 ^ 4Q<ll5l Oo^
^ •sa^X - t e ? Rlt^ ^ 1 (Line u p ) ^S^C^ C5tl ?s:^ | ^ sf^ ^ R11
RRR Rl I (R to R I ? , (RfB?>Q ( R t to R^T??^ rJIrTS RRRS I t«T?pn^

CRI^S?? "SJ^'VD^ I
Contents
^ . ft CrfB? (A. C Motor)
lii. IR csifB? csiPR mm tm^^ Rfei® ? ; « r f s ^ W ^rtro

( R I ^ RWI R t W (?J (RfB? IR w t if^bliîvs mm 'S\, 1R (RfB? I
i ^ . 1R (RTB?! ««jtJi^ ^ 2 p m I ?«2it-
(b)l7FR3FRm ( R ) ^ ( S y n c h r o n o u s m o t o r ) .
(^) t « f W J ? (RtT5?I ( I n d u c t i o n motor),
^sftTO tQt^-OTT?? ^ I ?«n-
(?s) f t C 3 R (3P^ t s f ^ ^ <RtB? (Squirel c a g e I n d u c t i o n m o t o r ) .
C*!) t « f ^ <RtTB?I ( S l i p - r i n g i n d u c t i o n m o t o r ) .
f^TOZFRiR wiBm c?fBH Witts* TO* ?#::^ ^ 1 t s f ^ csn*^?? (RfBi? (^n^t
f ? ^ W??rn^ ? s % ® '3^ Rt 1 f t l ? R t^tWPt <1V||15W«5 ( R t ^ li) « R l t % l TO I t W ^ R R l R
W\lm R ^ 1&R-i?l^ 3tR TO lilRl (Rtfet ^Rft1«t W f TO I ' W S T R f t l R R (R^^
t « t W R ( R t ^ ( R l k ? ? TOR*? R ^ ^ t - i ? l TO Rt I t t l ? (RfB?, ?5R1? Rt ^^Jt^ltRf^lR ?t? WI
^Rtttw. ?s?1 ^ lil?^ âRltfs^ (?1? i ? v ?t?T R 6 - R # t ?5?I TOS I
t « I ? s ^ (RtT5? ^ R ^ t ^ 'Si^^ W t 'tfS^ 1 (R?^-(b) C ^ , (î) ( R * ? , (vs) f?Rt^»s, (8) ^ I W ? , (*)
tcm, (^) UlPl'llffl ? ^ , (<^)l5t(v|'iW ? ^ ? s ^ , (V) C?f5, (5») ( R « ? s ^ , (bo) (I?® C?fB, (bb) <R*?
RTt?*, (b:^) isRRtfwii??-,(bvs) t ^ l f 1
Contents
( S t a t o r ) S t « l W H W\tm J0 mt^X WWIR W l ^

?t5i?n TOW c^*?! Oii^m R t e ' s r ^ i t t c t ^ mit^ ^. s , ^ . > , i o cnrw wi
( s t a t o r ) RWi
t? I m ^^nHi wi?®^ PiPiww f t ^ ^ «riw (^R^ S ^ I R CRIRI ^«r?T R^^RRI
w ^ ^ t ? n «nw I t ^ T ^ c R t o i o R i t l ^ fl-wrw cm^ s i * v cTOJ? ^^m^ ?s|?¥t
2Wtf? W l W l % » t ? C^m « ¥ t t % i i ( K V ) 1 ^ 5 W l ^[^Rl RIWI ?1*fm«t^ |t-CWF
<3?iit1«i-va? ^1^, h^, i^t^ t ^ UifiHW «rtfw5 TO I fef^ iJitfro?
n% TOt cTOJsf-^ ^ I csitoi «?rit1«i-«ira R^PIN ^ cs^ wi
TOP I
C?rf5?r ( R o t o r ) ! t s t W P ^ (JTf^m ^ ^TOP (SfB? R??T I (RfB?, dÛw*! R:*P TO I
(31??, c ? 8 v s ? 5 T f ^ ? n 1 ? « , - i f l ? R i w i c § t e R i : « i T ? T O I i ^ (R1BC?I??:«U t ? ^ ^ R t ^
miRTOI ? m w ^ (srfB? ^jtiTs TOI 'Xi?m t j t t ( ? ^ ) twt? ( R ^ wt ft?>nt
W l ?m I (31?? (WI? «ijifvjC'^c'G^ ?s?i TO vi)??, t ^ Rt:*ii is* ?5?i TO I i f i t y B «1R x f t ^ ^^HR ? 5 ? I
TO I (R5i^, ( 3 * ? Rl^ « C%?? (lbl4(^?J ^ t*T?FT?s TO Rl ITO^ Cbl^^li '©ef RR
? « r t e RITOI ?sf?Rl RtW I R1?t?«r58 t j ^ ? ? W ? (RfB? S W l ^ RtW ? R l ' ( i ) ftl?PT CWf
?ltt ( R f 5 ? , ( W o u n d ) (RfB? ? t t t Rl 1 & « t - ^ l iBTtt
'SRJT^ t9R5«H ( R * ? i 4 ? RTSJ, ( 3 l k ? ? TO ^si^Rlt ^ TO I
fio-sisi (RIB? iSquirrel c a g e r o t o r )
?5RI? TO ^«l?f ^Jll!HfittildM<1 TO TOt (RfB? «Rttf9»v?Rl TO I ?5Rt? TO ^ ^£ITlî?1%R TO « ^

sm (RlBl '^l TOt {^TltRf^'v-vil? Rt W I R?I?1»t ? 5 ? « 8 R ^ ?5f??l (R^?l «ItW I ?f^ (Rt?? «Rtt1«?,
'ilil»l!iJPl*lW TO TOt ?s?t I TO RlTO^r® STO R I ^ Rjf%°v ? n R R l T O t ^ I t%l^ (R1?I?
R K I ? W I (Rsw vs7ITt1«°v ?s?t «ItW I ^ R t l ^ tlf??, *«!,*T^ ?sf?TO ^ W I Cm vs?ttt^v
^ t ? l "TtW I
f^R -f?^ CRtîl ( S l i p - r i n g m o t o r ) 8
(R (RfBl?? (?I1?I? 1^t-^»v R l T O t RtW TOW
%t-i?°v ?I5T I ( 3 1 ? ? ?sTC?* ?l%n
%l1^l t4 ^RRIÎ? 1^R-i??, C^RB? ? J ? T O W t
5 t R t TO I (R.-fB:?? R t ^ ( R I ^ ^ J I R C?lt
4 f ? ? l C?t?? '^^m^ ? R 1 •?? I
Contents
t ^ t W R C?f&? .^.i'O
I Wt?, VI tJifjj-ii*! ? ^ , ^ I ^ t - i ? i Q « « 1 R ? S bo I Rtt^»vi®^ttR bb'i gtn (âm,
bC!. I ^ t - ^ v , b\5 I R ^ ? . 1 ? » V R B R l t ^ l t ^ ^ t t R I
< 5 P
3 2 1-
Indtu-tinn motor wilh w o u n d rotor
feR-f?? ^ R C?1*? ( S l i p - r i n g type rotor)
t R ^ r w % 5 i ? R m t Rpo ? s i i ^ ijifviwdUvb ? ^ c?f5? £wit? ^ ? i Riw i ( R t o ^âcG^

Rt?ttf ^ ?t?l <3?ltfa°v ?5?I R f W I (RfBd?? H-rWf ^«?1? WfH ft-C^ «?ltt^v ?5?1
Rtw I C<II15M«I 'bl? ^rtRTO-vfi? 1%?f? vflwj 7{xm^ ?5?t ^ i ^

^ ttt^^rm 1%Rt* 1^t-1?°s vfl3 Rf^
R?PIlt ?R1 ««flW I ?!%?? MBI^JIR (RfB?
«?Ttt«?.-v£l? ' T f t ^ R t l R l t ^^^Rt?
1^t-i?»v il? © 1 ? I t f l «TC? giR ?RTIR1
TO I (RfB? ? ^ CRIR ^^Pf??l feRit?
Wl^tRlRlWi W CRIR (RI??
«?Tt%»vVS ^ ? 1 ^ I (3I?I3? ? t % ? ?
c^m^m fîwf^f^ ^î?i«t {31?!?? ^Tf^
R?IRT5R ?s?l ^ I ?«n - b I mM
# 1 ^ ? i t ^ tni?°s ? ^ ^ ? # ? i ? ?si?d*^ i
^ I ?tRi «t1% ^m'i ?5?i Rl? ^<n<5. ?ifî
?TTO1 ?1 ?^RRRt Rf? I
Contents
t f ^ 1^*f W t Rt?I 1 c?nto t i R wffiR ?l5r?it '«t?!5 ^
( ^ . ^ »tiR ^ f B R f<*1^l 6iJ<J|V|Vi)
(Rpti WtS?niR«?tl
^tfUl ^ I M * "«[? W (Jt?!fift?! <?m

<i<m ^^(.^ ^ 1 '
(Torque)
\%t?tiJ StR«lTO5t 1?^ R W I f ^ . 1R PitUtR? R R P # «llWbM W R * « ( R t ^ RR (RTO

^ i^€il%r (T a la Q) I R ^ * I T O t e t ^ CRtel 15^ C?t^ TO*, CRHTO RRmt 'Q
(Rtto W l * ^ t H W I ? ^ ' R 1 ^ ?s%n TO I TairxQxCOSe
*^ a w ? I ?«tt—%lf5?. 'Q ?nf^ * ^ I
'v 1?^ ( S t a r t i n g t o r q u e ) >RRf^ F'^
(R * ^ (?JtlTO ^ Wt? mm ?^ TOW * t f l k t4 RIR I (RfB? % R R ^ f t t liRS

(i)^l •
iflRtlR
R2=: C?t^ 4<lfet^Jl*l I
.-. Ts = K 2 ^ O"" T = ^ o (K Constant) Xa = (RlTB?.l?«jl<f^llR I
(RfBlR? %tflk "^f? ?S3J ^ I ??)?«), (R*t??I (R%%nR ''I? ? 5 ? R f W

^n%W (Running torque)
(R (Rtfel? ? t f ^ W ^ 5te R m ?SC? TOW ? t f ^ 15^ ?OT I

SRa
?t^?.TB^ T a
Contents
mi^M R2 =sx2
S u b s t l t a t i o n veilue o f S In £ilone
x," ^' X2 1
wlsr^JW R R H ^ T O R H ^ R M ^ ^ I
^•f (Slip)
l > ^ • ^ C v * H I > ^ t % <3 ( S i t o »tf%c?c»T? RI«(I Rt^rost Rw i i t ' t w s Wt tsf^ w t ^ 1
i < l W S Rtt I R^SWt % fu^ w t wt ^ I ^PWRR ^ Ns « «ll>W5l *t1%

( N r )
Ns-Nr Ns-Nr
sC ?=t ^ - %- : ^
—t l = — ( -R o—t oXr 1F r 0e q0u %
?r# ency)
N s N s
OiiUm (RfB? H ? W f t ? R ? ? T O ? flFWt(3I#, C?fB?l flfWIC^J^? RRt^ I 1 ^ (RfB? 1 ^

«nw GlfB? fjfWIiJ)-^*! PppFHIR t % « (RfB? f t ^ W I ? ^ 1 ? 1^€?[%f I (?PH, (Ns
— Nr) Rt«rra«rso%-«•% c?i??i%TO# W^TOI

120fr
fr= (SifB? f^WIW^ I mm t t t , N - ^ r = ~ p ~ R ^ ( R t 6 ? ^ l Nr = (RfB? Rt^.f^.
120f ^
i£PI ^7ix N = W CSlfB? % TO I
N-Nr 1 2 0 fr 120 f fr
N P P f
N-Nr fr
fr = ^ ^ X f fr =f.s. R ^ i f l R S = -
t^Q?n?t?ii
Contents
$-cm wi^m t t e n t^. 9\ R t * c s n t o ^ R«ii^<^s^4i ««tTw 11®. IR T f t ^ ( R f t o
^ " t e ? R f t ^ t ^ i t o (Rt^^rrn RtJRtn WlSf^JlR-iflR RPT R ! ? W 5 ^ ? S % I ^n'RsTO i t e t

lQ<Vs.^ w t Rt? I t ? S | t « t ? f ^ (Rl*C??t t t o t Rf^Rvoî w t •Sfl^ I ^ tetWtJT (Rt*!R?
?t% Rt^t ' i t ? ^ ?5%n t a t W R ( R t t o »tt%^»t t 1 ? W ^ w t Rt? I m- b l Rt?tt f | W t t R # ? (f)
RH *l!?<tvo'i ?5f??t, ^ I « t t a >Q?ttf9t-vfI? CRtR Rl'trt (P) W (Rpt ? # ? t (RfBZ?? ?t1%m ' i t ? ? ^
?5?t Rt?, vs I T5T?a ^ ( R f B ^ f t l l ? (S) Rt^t l H ? ^ ?sf??t t ^ T ^ (Rtk?? »t% l 9 < ^ H ?5?T«3
Rt?l
'^:«t?[*rR C R t t o r " ^ ? ! ^
b I (Rtk?? »tf^ (R1U5? W^tJ R I R t i R ^ Rt? (Rt* (Rtfet? I
^ I (RTC®? Rt^Rt? ^J|B«<J § ^ ^ ( t Q t W R (Rt?? ?5'«RQ (Rt® t ? % RRRt RfSTRJ (RtU5
mtM^fp^^H
vs i (RtfeR (RIOT? R f l ^ ? s t ? T f W t Rtl? t .
8 I CV||?«<5 ^ » s ? s t l ^ 'Q t4 (RtUS? Rtl:^ ? t : ^ I
% f f f ^ 8 (Rt?d?? CRtR R»v^ b- >Q Ci^Rf TO I * t t ? (Rt?? ?s^?
RRTRtR
• 120f 120x50
R1??t Wt^ (R, Ns = = 1
P 8
Ns = 7 5 0 RT^. •Pl. vSR (R. P. M)
Ns-Nr
S% = - — — = X 100
Ns
750-Nr 2.5X750
2 , 5 = — — — X 1 0 0 ?t ~ ~ —
750 100
Rt = 7 5 0 - N r R ? ? t 2 . 5 x 7 . 5 = 7 5 0 - Ns
Rt Nr = 7 5 0 - 1 8 . 7 5 = 7 3 1 . 2 5 (R. P. M) Rt?. -pt. i£R I
b I vflM? 1.<? f ? . ^ ^ ^ . ! ^ . ( B . H . P ) v3-c?FSr, 800V t^©t?r^ (Rt?I?? Rt<3?t? o.\r ^?»v
?st?5!Wf K?% ?n^ ? s t ? ^ , f R <?rt® ?J1I?* ?1% W I
RRtRtR
^5(t^ ^ W = '\.<t B.H.P.
1.(fX'^^
Contents
C © n ^ V = 8oov.
Rt®?<^
t^'^= X ioo
X
<\.<?X'«>bXioo
= — = 'iiiV^.^
^-cm '^m?i p = '\/^VlxIlxcos <p

— p 'ij<nr^.v3<?Xioo
vaVLXlLXCos(pIu=~F= ~ ~ = : „ ^„ ^ =ii.vii,A
V^XVlIlCoscp ^-^^XSooXb-o
^8 i i . V i » A
,^ I « -cm Soo vAo B . H . P t ^ m s ? CSJI?? (?5%I R?.Wt«t W I ^ t T O I RI'QRRI W ^ V<?% ^0??.
4!*iw'*vit s*o% I si% cTKw 1 1 ^ 8 ^ , Rit^ 'ia?? cmTO*? i f 5 ? w i
'SllvS?'^ Rl^"*!? ^loX'^'JsXioo
W i'W'l'^.'^'^Xioo
M< >^.<,N-v 11 r~ i.«\vSÔOXV(?

V5VlCos<p
^V.i<fA
cm Ip= - ^ j : ^ 7^"" "i^MA.
P = ivb.<r«\ KW,
Rlt^ TO* Il= ^ ^ . i * A.
( ? P W T O I * I p = i'b.^lA.
Contents
;îV C^f^ t c « 1 4 l B 4 ) N ^^TCRSf
^ 1 ^ -CM (TO T f t t l W f s T ^ Oii\IL<\< CTR ^"sRn V I (Slip) \.(t7o W , ôt^ ^5ti?T
bôxf bôx(?o
^RlilFRm 1 % N s - '= ^(TO r . p . m .
Ns-Nr
S%= Xboo
Ns
'\(TO-Ns.
X boo
^.(?X'\(?o
'\(?o-Nr= ~
^ boo
S<?o-Nr=bV.S<?
(31?? ^ ( N r ) = «\<?o-bv.H<?= '\^Â(T r.p.m.
(31?? t l F W n 3 # = Sfr
^.(?x<?o
~= b . ^ < ? C / S
boo
^ : Q t W R (RfSC?? R?]Prm ( C o i m e c t i o n o f I n d u c t i o n M o t o r ) 8
t « T ^ (?T1?I?? C § ? 1 3 ^ ? 3 I = ^ R ? I ? t t C^m ^ I ^ff=^ CSifBl? ^ - R ' v W t t v£)<l?. ^
^ W l ( R t S l ? (?5%1-7i?jzrit (Ti«?1 R ? I
•^tR-RsWtt (Star-connection) CS^ - R^Wtt (Delta-connection)
TO
Contents
i I t«W*R (RTB? (R '=%® RI^T;^ RRRS
^1 PiHi^HW ' ' f ® (3fB? ^ I v o C<lf^
^1
1%^t WRf PH lCv^RfRf

01 ' " ^ S ? snRlWil W ^
O I ?5TCSf^
S'tR
-R
J^ CH
Ulwd- R^tSRRl C^*R -vSRftf^^
C
RM§
? CW
t m5t1? IR
?
^ m^QTrR •SR^f ^QTR
i
«^RR1t5?Îv-I^
l2R(3fB?
RR5?I
R^raRmm^fF?! I
(RI?Z?? RR® RtiRS R %
^^>RQ5??1 ?q?t ^ft^

I
41*1451 R l t ^ R f ^
(Rl?? ^^Rl?!
(Rt?? (Motor Test)
?R1 e£?l5l^ iÎ?!^

(Rl?? RiSitt R f t ^ RSSRIR (R^Rl? ^
I^ (ie^
(Rl?? (iS^l ?5?1 SRRIW^ I ^ f l ^ (RI?C??
-^J^ ^ t n t (R^RI R t e RRR I
(^
i I Rf?6^ (Continuity Test).
Contents
^ I fi^RW^R (Rf^tjTR CB§ (Insulation R e s i s t a n c e test),
(^) cm 5 -cm (phase to p h a s e ) ^ I
(^) ^ ( P h a s e t o B o d y test)
vs I ^ - 3 ^ 1 4 ? CB§ ( S h o r t Circuit test)
8 I ClMlR^ (Polarity test)
(? I IFtR CB§ ( F l a s h test) I

MOTOR
d B * (Continuity Test)
C^ W l ? 4|i<i^v6| CB§ W t ^
C^ft^rt^ d B * (Polarity t e s t )
(Rt?^ ^ # 4 ^ CRIÎ vflRl CVJlUWtl f - ^ ^
vs?itlQ'v R?r?tt >it^4îc< ^ t r o f W t TO ?15tt

Wt? ^ C T F T I ^ CB§ ? 5 ? t ^ I tat C'nRtf?^J
(:?% w B i - ? 5 ^ W l Wl ^t?t TO I *
(Rffil?? C?fB? % W ^ Rt5t-5lR?s?RtC?I? ^ ? J W RTC® RRS ? # ^ C«ICâ( ? T ? t t ? T R1^- R l f ^

C5§ ?s1?lv5 5?j I (Ji n % RI C§?ig (m ?sfr?^ filRlf^ ^ ^ , (Rt 1 % 4 l M (TO>®F 'SITE®
<IIÎ$CVI) ?ti? I
^ - ^ F R # ? ' N ^ ? ! ? W ^ P F =
/3VsIs
>aRICT,
Ws = 'Jtt^ Rt^ i
l s = R ? - R l f ^ ?STI?^ ?I ^ (?T1® ? 5 r a * I
Contents
t^srwR CRTS?
(Insulation test ol' niotorl
winm t ^ j T m csj^ra mm wt ^ i csifB? vQint%»v-v£iQ (?RW

i f t ^ ? s % ^ ^ t ! R , (^) ^ (Body) ?1 GRsra t f ^ Wt 1( Rilt
i?^ w t ? ?5%n to ^[t!R 1)
MOTOR MOTOR
Megger
(Flash t e s t )
d m ? c5^ ? # ? t ? 1 ? (Flash test) W l smm I'STC^ «?ttf«'v ^ «rrc^ ^«ti ? 5 ^
^ I c? t ^ t i : ^ w t cstfB? 5 i f ^ ^ 1 ^ ( R t C 5 i ^ w t cSt ^ I vfit?;'^ c^ ?s1??t?

R ? ? <3?ltt«l« R?J RT^ ^ t ? 1 ? t o RftR I ?^'=t, t^J5t»R ii?5T ^R?t R?t« I^JTet ^?r!9 ^
? ^ l
V, 1 ^£|<^ vn>^ »)f;a.<j tBvj(^<j \si«iilCi;C'er<1 ijt tJ't 1
m R ^ c»f-em
fîb 1 *II^W i o o o 4|t<. 'Pt. i£R 1
^1 9>'\ m »|(^<5 (*II^M i o o o 4|t<J, 1^. ôoo «I«Itef<3 kit'QÎ i^^fB fa^-Qi
^ ^ 1
8 1 faM-Q»v «ll3<5 ?Kll?> Sîl »lR>i\s bWldHI iooo V+ fHtwB C«l{.î£.er<l b|<J«'1 C«l(,êf
^1 ft^-f^lvfW ^t*ti fH?ll C?^ ^f^d^c 1
fRÔTRtR (Rt5? ( S y a i - h r o n c H i s niolor)
(R <RfB(R? (3fB? ^R^SRRIR = ^ 'fl RI? "voT^fW I W S F P R R CRtB? ?I5t I f2tC?l«f^»l '^V^9\
*t^wwi[?w?i ? n ? ^ R f R t w I ^^wt'v f^'iiv^t'flsi *4iî<jwi;?, i>('4(:^Hi3i csn?? IARIM ^t^'^tr® •'iti? i
1?^ i5iMCv*H!>i CRTS? W l 5 l 5 i . - ^ I ^ RHR Rt t
Contents
1 2
T H R E E - P H A S E S Y N C H R O N O U S G E N E R A T O R ( O R D I E S E L - G C N E R A T O R S E T
/ —»t«tor Cramc; 2 — s l a l o r CORE; J — SLALOR core SLOLS; < — IHRCC-PLIASO SL.ILOR windlns;
5 — ROTQT POLE; 5 — F I E I D W I N D I N G COLL; 7 — E X C I T E R
b I ( R ^ , ^ I C I T ? cm, •o 1 cm 8 1 § cm ^ W ! t ^ ° v , (? 1 ( 3 ! ? ? cm, ^ \
CSim^ ( P R I N C I P L E O F S Y N C H R O N O U S M O T O R J
^ f t - c w l^TOimm (RTk?? ( 3 f B ? w ^ TO I ^m ( 3 f B ^ wfti?it^^KR*

ÎtM ^ W ? R R A cwi? ^ ^ I PRraFHm ( R T B I ? ? ^-cm R ^ f ? p # ? , >t<i<ifii^
W R * ^ " = 1 ^ ÔTTR •fR^T I ^ H U g ^ ^ (RlteR ( R * ? ^ W R ^ f f H t o s xsiKR "55|Jv5 TO
2R«m ( R T O I iil?s ^ ^ ?1Wt (RfB? RIW ^?°v ^ ôTSt^Ti^ f ? t f t « ^-=1^
Tfl^ ^ ?fRl ^ ^ I W^nt fR^WRIR (Rf&? to F t ^ •^tl^ ^ I

F R I T O R ^ csrrBwc^ ^ t i f ^ ^ :jynt I T^^^- ^ i srtt^pR î I ^ ^ ^ T W R I R csrfBw i
iRRCSFtRlR CR1^5C?IR R m t R
b I Rf'QTO R I O T O "^m^ ? 5 § ^ ^ <lj<l^|<I w ^ t ? ! RfW I
I w^nRi^rom csrfB?-^? RI^STO WÎM R R ^wt ^ I
O I (TI'^fTIi^ *l%? 2!I?ItWi^ (îtRIWt R T ^ W t " 5 $ ? 1 Rfl^ (c^-w 1 ^ < 3 1 R C ^ ?n?Rt=^) I
8 I Jt'tftR^ R l t W CSTC*W { 3 Q 7 R » R <Pf|TO W^ < j < ^ v 5 " 5 t R t «rtI4 I
( ? 1 vsT^ ^ l^raftl^ wt ^ I , .
(7TSR - - f e . C^tTOB?, ^ T t W t ^ ^?°v I^TO ^^raRt?, %?n?t?^^^^^'^ RtTO, 1 ^ , C B S * t t R Iwt

twtfî
(Hunting)
plHCii^fiTI^ Csn*^ ^ (?nv5 W ( 3 f ^ ^ ^ T O W I C^nîR? ^ t ^ n W - ( R R R ? " ^ (TIRI I R T I I ,
^srt<J, ""'f'fRR? ^ ^ I 'R^fTCT? W l C s n t e ? Rf^ (Rn fRJÛ^^HPT Rlf%I^ Rfl? ^ I
Contents
T?5R^ C^RFB?
^ R t ^ « r i 'A'^ ^-cm T^r^^ cm S, s ? ^?"s f i w i o i ^ (to ^^^^^/(RWS
"^TIR, TRO TT%I?n W ^5tl??
CRRR's'^ P = 8 %TO[# RL-<IT f=CO^J^
_ ^ PN 120 f 120x50
^srrsj?! WTH, f = 7 — , PN= 1 2 0 f , N = — I — = - - = 1 5 0 0 ( R . P. M )
120 P 8
^ 5 f t ^ 2 v i ) ^ BE^RL^^FM^LîT-CJM, 800 V C«1*, <?OHZ >)L5W, T ^ L ^ CSFFBL?? ^
RRTTtR I (RVSTTL TO,
P =i.<2-R^RL%5, V =800 Col^l f=:eo >ll5,W/(RW9

n = vo%, p f = v o % I L = TO w ?
^srrsM P= VLILCOS 9 ri
V3^\lj:OS(P TI
15 15x746
RTLL =
V3x400x'80x'80 1.73X400X.80X.80
15x746x100 ^
^lL=~Zr~:^ 1 = 25.27A(^)
173x4x4x8x8
f^. 5 s «IIJ«<] #T i (>£I?5) T5«H CSN^ FL[5 'FTJ^ I ^<n«. CSRF&G "^î^ ^ 1
^ R t ^ R i VII^ 8 cfFT (f-o TFITI:^ T^m?^ (RFB(3? ILL \s % cvii'C«<^ n1%(Rn 1 ^ - ^ n%c?n
1RT<ftR
_, , ^ 120 f 120x50
FTO^HR Ns)= = = 1 5 0 0 "m. Pt. ^R ( R . P . M)

P ^ 8
Csr(^ nt%t?n N = N g ( l - S ) = 1 5 0 0 (l-O.OS) = ISOO x 0 . 9 7 = 1 4 5 5 R . P . M
I^RSI n f ^ n = ( 1 5 0 0 - 1455) = 4 5 R . P . M
Ng = 45 .-. N g = 4 5 RR. 'Pt. (R. P. M) ( ^ ^ )
Contents
^ « t ^ « P i « t t * H i * i c a r t e r (?ftRai# < i m ^ ^ «rf^!TORrt^RRt?^

ST?
obi (?5) 1??rtî's? I (?5) f ^ r f ? v 5 t^sT^r? (?5) C W ? l f R i ? 2 ^ RfRt 1?fRt1?^
c? R f W t ? W 5 8 t^¥t<t 2 ® R ^
^ '°»f»f wt (t)%t^»v^| 1??!S1R ? 5 t ^ ? 5 I ? ?5%nte^l^l
(?) ^ S l W f?°v ^ 1 C^) lR?n1?l (SHAFT) (Rirqs?)
C«t^TI"t lR«f^ t1?¥t?l W t R t ^ f?Rt^°v

f^) 5«i!?i? Ri*p w n
^ 1 (®) f??t1?i ^ (Re?ni
W ^ R t t I (t) S L O T (a?) R T d (R^t?

(t) Svo^sf w n ?TWl
(5) f ? ? 1 ^ l CRtWt R1?fwt ? l t '^^l ^t^^
^ 1 ? t ^ 5 R R t RtWI ^^TfH t l ? R ^ R f?°v fÛI
(^)t??if?°vfc5ni <Rt^ '©Vt ^ R t R t t C ^ ^ W I

^'Q?n?
(R) LATHE MACHINE « ^
(R) 1??»^ (SLOT)
(Rf^) to RJITP? CRtWt
(RI^ R t t ^
? s l l ^ ^ t ? tfl^'vRm^ ?tC^
#t?rt%itiî
t?Rt1?°v l l R # i I ? s t o I
(«) SHAFT (RTtR?)
CRTSn^l (s) R t t m Ikî? T p i ^ %n
(RlWtf^ C R t ^?5t^ ^ ; C ?I
(5) i t e Ftt tvft?
I (5) f??Ilt?°v W t f «1R ? t t ? ?st|7lt
(^) ^ 5 ^ 1
to^^l
o^l f?Rtf?°v ^ (?5) CSIf&iR? c^î^m Gm t(?5)

? LOAD ((Rt®) WTtC^ •^tC? Rt
(RTBIR? C?I?? ?I (Rt^l MOTOR ((Rt??) i ) ? ^mt^

C%??-ii|? 1 ^ Ri%n:« ^ i ? i
^ t l ^ W
1?? I Rttecî
OS! «?IttfS«v (?5) (R1?SR >aRi? (?5) %?n1l?. i£i^ (?5) f??#°v «iQ<ivoH w t SfWtW^ I
?tn-p{ w^rsTR ? t TO w s n « i
C%?? (31??
C?5I^ ?RT!Rt
^ 1
^?ît«Ii
Contents
^R3I15I ^ 2Rlf5« Wlhl W ^
(^) ^
o<2-| TO I (^) ctfi's ^m- (^) (Wit 5 ^ (^) ^ W t % l % 5
' 8 ^ (31*5 ^
C?^ C'S'&t
(^) ^ R ^ (?) CTi^?^ ft?n
sns«
mi] itm m
^fm^9\ fe
(f) # ^ csni?
(1) îf^ (?) cm^

# n fe
itfi #
01^ 'ftfltl^ 1
Contents
(r1r?s '^w^SjîM ?R?r5f
Ctrl (t) lira (?) ?rasi ( ? ) ^ ? O T # i i ^ f e i t
?f5i?lTORi
^ 1
(?)C5fl^fe51(W%IW (?) (?) 1?^ wnttit f W 5
> #Ri<j csit ?ra I ^ S R I « ' 5 H I?lf5 5 ^ ? i f e f ^ ?%i
R1?^ put? «'t «t 1 ? ^ ? R i ? r a R i

(t)i!Rn5iJt*f^^'i5ii5ii
(1)C^«?Il^vC#[t,l (•t) cwi ^ I (t) . Stnl^W %lf?'v
(1)
(i)8tram?OTwrfe«
^ f?«vR l^^'v ?%i
( ? ) c ? t e ^ « ( J ^<(l«lR4 (?) 1^ Rf¥lt»v

?tH^ St^lf^ % \ S ^ I
I f?? C9i5? 1?^
?H«ftr? 1 ^ ? % !
^#?ittn % 5 ^
ft? ? % I fe
(?) Cm-'S? (?) (Mm ^ -îm^ (?) ?raei-va? Jit? <3
'«ifs*r't?fe^ feî
iOT'v ^ w
(?) c<n5? «fe (?) ? ( ? # ?1 f ? t a f f l ? (?) ^ # «R otW ^

?p?*p(^.i ? f M f e ^ l
'R?fej5 i
Contents
(?) m\\ <ii ?R«!

w c?R Rb-il^
(?) f?ri?i? ^«t^ ?^ 15,^11 4(^W
b8l (?) WlkiW *ltH?lH«ft ( ? ) 'QtlltfSv 'I^JPH't II?
??ii m\w ^
wit i«I?lt 3t*f
(?) Tpiti W ^ n\m

b(M
CTi CJiiUw c'h c^ft ^
(?)lSt5^?JI»l%®I5l
('i)) i 5 ? ^ f?lw ^
(?) ^C'IHIJIIJI) R ?twi)
^ w t a R l <iiî^?ii
feî
1 ^ ?OT i t 5^51
^ 1
Rl •
bvl)l (^) fJHSR fÎlM ^ (^) ? t i : # liwta Rl (?) If^'s «nt m ?fe
wiiJ5.i ^< W 1
%^!it?11
• ifl? R ?[51»lft? ?I?TII fe
. ^ 1
CHl*J.fl»l^ 1 R5tR«r 1 «lf^?ftR

Oli
(?)'&^Rî . ( ? ) C«l(.'5«| ?511 (?) Il^-I C«tC^>Si
(^.)^->ilf^cB4î fe^l
(t) W^'st^.l^l
(t)'9513 1 ('SI) ^ i?n^ 1 ^ CT<n^ ?f<(,^
(i) ?5ll»tSiR^15lR1 ^ 1
(^) ?^*R!?i^-iil?lW^ Jflfl t< (?).»ii^w coii^sf < r^
j
(^)
5^1
pilis 1
3iî?nt
«!ntf«'s R<i 1 5 : ^-fm-
(«i) c<nî:^<i
1 ?QW 5,^M
^f^?i^
4'|R)R*'
(1) Q34iM<i wiersjit ??lltP5 5 ^ 1
^ 1 (1) WII3M<1 (RI^
( ^ ) R t B # ^3151^1 •
? ' ^ ^ l
(^).5^M»i-i:?f «Tii^«sR?
Contents
CTSI (?) + (1) m cst^
Ri (^) dfl^SlW^ % «PR

C S R i m ?%5 3^ I
(i)iirail^'8Cil55^te?i (t) ^ *tM

?!Pf?5i m?'RI'IM
Rf^ g?I? t*l ?fet| i (^) iflll^ 5M ?v5BJ ?^ ^ ?fe
(^) wft? ^ (^)3W^?fe«5fe^l

(8+5) iUtt?#?
(5) 4s^!^ m
PRI15ra?fe'5î
RfiS& CWl
(?) ^ ?^
(w) '^-7^ csms

(^) il? R i!l?lf«(? # s
? f e 5 I
(?) C?fl^ ^ Rt^-c3i

(It) ilHrt ?fet.
?feî
C 8
(?)cjrf5ra^'vî:5:ii (?) ITS s t t l ^ mt prfB?i(?) !nt^m3? #
?ci ia?v?tf^ ^«t
^ 1
?%5i:5i
?t ifl?tf«i? ??:PI( ? ) 3ff.:nf¥^ ^(d^

ifl?
(?) c?ti ?i?pt 'WS sua
(?) Jtnit^ ^ ?m
^stf^ ^ ^^pro
R Rf«f? ^
(^) llf'^ lt^ R
Tttt^r/:
(1)-^
CftJIt' .;^t<
f?|?f («l) ?iS«t %t 'OT
(f) '^^'5 ?C!i5I § ^
(t) ?CR ? 1 S * I SP*t i^tatiî CT?t5n5?fe%fi
•S^t^TOi (t) (Mm^ ?t (?) * t f t ^ ' ^ ^ ?i!S?

^ ? f e ! ^ l
Contents
Obi C5ili5? Bl e«t «Pf ^Rwc^ (?)iû«ic^ssic#tij'a?it (?+'() C?R ill«?l$l Jfit 1
(t)C5I'MWlf^?%1t
RBI i W ft R f t t (^) ^ t«ll^^ ^f^R* (t) Sil^Jl«IW?( % ft? ?f?I^^ ^^M1
®1 4fiill ^ ^ ^ 1
?fsRnR'9?l!i (tp^)
(5f) (<lflIÎ>iM<l Rftfe'S^'R
011 CSlfe? Wl^ ^<l^|il (?) « RrfS? WiJH (?) C5fl^ >iiii>8<i«i (?) C<6 t^D WW
'l^ i ft^ ft5t?Rtl ?Rw ^ 1
(«l) 1)1*^13 ^ 8? i f M (^) ft'v ft? ?f^lll

tell
(?s) 7n?nt ^ ' s ^ 1S?5 TO 1wi r
(^) ^ w wiiSw<j ^ w ^ n i f h F f R t e I
(t) ?5j:tR 1 ^ ?s%5 I
(R) f^RfU?, ^ R S J M iQ??. \5<!,^ ' ^ I I W ' ^ a l ' R r a i t l ^ "5^1? I ^ f l l ^ '^RlH?. iQ? 2 ^ «
^ fft^ "^Z? I
(?5) cSipH ( R * i f l ^ "ÛS I (igiTyR ( 3 * ÎvalR* RI '4|^l«l(<4)
Ct) C R t o ? RitOT R W t ^ ?5efi - p f ^ ^ 1 ^ I
( t ) (R1?g W t SlCillStÛ W r t « ^Rlt??, ^ « I ? 1 1 ? l <H«1l$J;ll ^tC? I
O I RttRRf R ^ R t W ^ R
(^) R ^ J ^ 4C^ll*1l I
C*!) R ? R R R l t ^ I
(t) 1^*1-1??. ciilt;w«j 3tR, <3 c ^ t ^ ^tfHl-t^ft^ ^^sfe I
8 ir«r1??jr^TO^
RS) n % R ~ ^ twifî ' i f ^ ?5f??]1 ( R ! ^
m (RtB? « ? I ^ TO Rl??5t? ?5t?Rl R t W 1?PI?
(R) RWl'SrW CRI?? « « m C5tlRl?#::^ i
Contents
ôo ( R # R 5 % R ^ ® T O ^'TCSI^
(?) 3 5 ? F n ^ ^5n:?m %i?i? R i ? ^ ?#(:^ •^t^ ^^f??i ?s:? R T ? I ? 1?-(7f5.?sto
(«) wP5m 5 H ^ W « R (3lw%jm t f t ^ ?5%n (RI^. Rtrs ist^^TOi^t^ c ? t i i ^ TO
Iwii
(F) t % R l ^ ^ <i)?»s^«i (3l^%m TO ttW ? s % t ( T f f e ^5t^ (R, wf^^ji-*!
W T O l
i. I bo ^ Rf%; 8oov ^ (to ^ T t t i w Tf'^'f^ Rit^ m ^ <n%i Wl
c s n t o ? n ? ^ w f j»o% I
Tsrt?lR
^5n@^ ^ = bo ^ Rf^ H . P
R I ^ - ^ Xboo
t?f*^»!%= ;pj
boX'^S^bXboo
P = VaViJLCoscp.Rlt^ W 3 * , I L = b(?A. ( ^ )
X8oo X.V X.^so
vq. R - R f e w f e ! > r R f ^ ? i R m w i ? R ^
twÔal^fD #5,^^^, 3Ti?nt'^ ?T?Tn:« VÎ.IR <ii?<w vî? ^src^ ^ t n i ^ i ^ i

TO Rr?« TOf? ? j ? T O ? cwm 1%.1R. *f%^ ? i ? ^ 'S\Tm R t f ? i n ? i c??^s ?n*tft v(\m ?5?t?
w . •fe.lR. 2fc?t^ I TO ?I?^s 1^ ? ^ v i i w s f M ^ 1
b I 5<:i4i^4 <^ VQ 5RSJ?rp|t i f t B r n i ? w t^.^f. sfwiw^ ^ i

^ I t F T ^ C?rt?i VQ 5(;ei<ji(;5L !îp|$Rvv3? W:^ l^.'Pl " » I % ? S R R T ^ ^ 1
vs 1 v5iT#-5nt?, RTF-Rft?, f^fum R l ^ - v s i 3 f e ° v siff^ m^ ? i ? ^ 1^.1R. R % sn^M^^ ^ I
8 I d^PliipR, ? T t ^ iQbMHl? ?TO ? T ? ^ ^ t ? l « ^ I ,

(t I (Rl?!?? - n ^ ? ^ ^? ^ ?^ ¥?I75 1^.1^?, -"tt^ ?T?5j? ? s f ? ^ f?^ ^ ? m ^ I
v^.tR. R f ^ Ws^ R ^ 1^.1R. ?iRf5TR?OTtW=^ ^ t R I I ^ ?iRm? R ^ (R^Rf

^ 1
(?5) C?f5?-CStTOgg (OfS (?^) (Motor G e n e r a t o r S e t ) ,

('Jf) (?T1??-RR5|?1? (Motor C o n v e r t e r ) ,
( t ) i R l M ^Hvsl'dt? (Rotary Converter),
(?) W^lUifliJM R ^ S (Rectifire S y s t e m ) 1
Contents
SINGLE PHASE MOTOR
a (Rf5? iRm-Ri'GTiH m\ ^ TOW lRm-c5FSf csifsg ^ i 9K!^-cm "s^v^ ^ R%

«nw I ^ f?i*m c w i i i o m - R % ? ( R f ^ ^t?n «rtw i f ^ r m - f R ^ cms?
4^4i?i^, m^ ii5R»s'5;iR'nvsK?T <j*iî<i •5t?n R t w i owlm 2I4WC«H 1 ÔT^TTI^ g
i I t^RT^ ( I n d u c t i o n Motor)
m WrtfR?? ^ (Rf5? (Capacitor s t a r t motor)
(tt) WTffRS? ?H 11<!W* W T f f ^ (TrfS? (Capacitor s t a r t a n d c a p a c i t o r r u n
or p e r m a n e n t c a p a c i t o r Moior) •
(t) wRtfRS? W wnlRSg ? R (Rfs?
(Capacitor start and capacitor run motor)
(?) (?n?? (<7F^ f5|v»vS=<M^ C ^ )
(Split p h a s e motor)
((S) (Pms CfFT OT?? ( S h a d e d pole motor)
1. 9^ (Rf5? (A.C s e r i e s motor)
( ? 5 ) t ^ ^ s f ^ C5^\^ (Universal motor)
(^) ^ R m ^ (RfS? ({Repulsion motor)
v5 I PifiCi^HpT c^lw ( S y n c h r o n o u s motor)
PlC5r=1-CW C^n^C?? ^ W§ (Principle o f single p h a s e I n d u c t i o n m o t o r )
3=rsn? «f?i«iftvs -xif^ ^ I ^jtl? "5[H ^ I f?«ft?, 1^1^ nrw-Ri i ât ^
i R m - C ^ ^ I ^ R R CRU? (Single p h a s e I n d u c t i o n m o t o r )
f^t^»R csii^m R*rR ^jtl? ^°vRt ?«n - ( i i c § ? ? , (-î (Rf5? i C^^TTSH? C§5?1?-RRT?
â^rrcsH vsi? WI v3"?rTt1^°. WI R i w I ^Tntlîl? I>ics"=i-(7P§f =Tit^-i5? Rt|v5 îxmi^ w i «tTw i
C5rffi?i-i£i? j^j<m cm <mt^x w t <4rc^ (?^ i îmw ^ w i R^-3T#? ?#?n
OT^STn «?nw I f^^-t?°v ?Tt^ 1îm-C^ (RlS? ^ <!p!W5 FFTI
Contents
9iuim-cm mm *it\î*iil^ R'vWin w «ii?°v v^^si^ ^m^rwtft <3?ntf«°v i rw csrt^

>8¥ft%-v3<t R?in WOTt «rtw I 7 r R j < n ^ 'eint1^?,-i£i? mIsi^jw ^ Rit^^ ^t?n «ftw i£i<i»^ t«?p1?«
% n 4 ? r R w ^ «!frw i ^ cm ( R i t o r a ^ m w i f «?!t1^v-v£i? ^ftt^ Wm
c^^%m R'viTnn W I «rrw i r i w ^ <i?it1^°v <3 ( R t ^ <3¥itf9°s cm 'n<Nsj ?s%n îtl?
c t h w s r : * ] ! «ii?5 «Ri7^ ipm £wTf? f ^ = i - c ^ cîi5^(:4 w t ; 5 t ? i «nw i
( T I ^ t ^ l F f R ^ ?nnr^ RfW I C«^lbW<1.

'\(?% TOWfft -GUtttos
1?f6^ ?s%n (3f5? \£i?5t to w ? ? ^
Rikvs «ITW I Wll5«<l TIvs?!?!
Wt3 W •sni^ ^5tRf «fTW I (o.vs pf
0 . 8 pf) \ s ! W ^ ' § T f ? l ?4<3 w
t w i f e ? j < i ^ ^[t?n «!nw I

t * ' f i a i ^
?5jt*rrfR?? cRfB? (Capacitor motorj
(71 ^yfsi^ # r m - c ^ t9W*R (Rik^ ^ n t w ? ^ ^?j7n»t ? # ? n (t??^ t^=#t? (spiite)

?#?n (R csrfs? Fi^x W l ^ vdriw w t i t R S ? c^f^ 1, w n ^ r s ? csifs? s r s h i ?«rt-
b I WtTitTfg?! ^ c^lfS? (Capacitor s t a r t motor)
Cj, I W-sfltR?? ^ « m (RTB? (Capacitor s t a r t a n d r u n motor)
\5 I W^l(^'G<l ^ 'Q W^lPl?^ ? H (Capacitor s t a r t a n d c a p a c i t o r r u n motor)
^*nfR?l ^ t ^ t w m C5rf5? (Capacitor s t a r t i n d u c t i o n m o t o r )
cîRjRpSnFT ^ ? i 7 n n wt ^ t ? t ^ Irczi c^^^m ^ 1' . ^ V r i V itaH Ill I
cijiBw?] n%(:?n 1(2-% ^ t ^ - ( i > t R 5 | i f S 5 m R^t^

GRrtt^'vW ^ t n t 1?f^ o^n 1 w n i l R ? ? •
wiBw^ ^ %i1?°s ^ ^ ^ f t p R ^ g # w w R?pnt w ! ^ t ? i
c
ii?i? ¥ « R ^ t w i f e ? m i ? ^ t R f «nw I
R H ^3^tM WSt ( F u n c t i o n o f centrifugal s w i t c h )
. >iiîtjj4ili .<3-?ntt«<f? ^ w t S^sRitl w t ^ I 9im R T 5 K r ^ <3"?ntt^»v-i3<t c<\^^m

(3f^ iii?°v 5 ^ i 4 f i 5 « ra*ii4i5iM w I -^mw^Tft vs^ntfa?}? 'sra cwiB^jc^ i^<ii$iii
cîB(i<i<i nfe -^(jô ^ t ^ , R t ^ t w i f «?ttt^?J?w Ri?rtt ^nt^ ^t;:^ 1 ? f ^ (7i<3?nt (?=[f*fîFf
Contents
^RIIRS? VS ^ Csrtt? ( C a p a c i t o r s t a r t & r u n m o t o r )
igt *mm cHi^m ^Rftfst 'ss^x RRiwift «?nt1«^ l R m - ( R s ^ Rt?rrt R i t i R ? R f l ^ ^ ° < ^

w I ^^3o?ti cm cijiUw*! ^ ?#m <?nw i- *ir^ I0?I wnWs?
wiBwîi ^«tT <ij<iî<j WI ^ R i I wnfRS? Gi •mt^-'sm T f o ^ «rnR5 \5T5K^
RRH5?5ift «Tnt1«^ ^ r i£it (RI?? -^rcst <i<m w i RIW I ?5i?i«t, t^K^
%1RI^ R|?m ?%i-
Mr lit
p —
^ I irsTIt? W i t ? RJ'W^ I
vs I ' ^ R I ^ I
8 I ^ Î^'I'^VDI I
1 iS<ls5W 515^^1
i4
^ I 'Q^mm^B? ^^T^^ C^ I
v£i4l? t^m-c^p^ WTtfRB? wii5w<i (RRiOTi ^ I vat R?.wtn Ri*rmi^ w?
(Rto <i<m w t ^5t?t sifTw I f^ttô cît^ (31??, f t ^ cm t s w R ? ? t t t ^5t?t RIW I
(Rtei <iif^«<5 R?m W I Riw I (Rik?? (R R??n Rii3 TOW (31?? ? ^ T W\x mum (3
^?in TO^ ? ® Rmt:?i sftw TOW c § ? ? ^ i ÎIRI RTR (R1?^ «?itf«°v «nw-?«ri (b) %il?
«?it1^v« ?t^»s «?it^°v I W\x m^ ( R t o (35R c^Rsf^SnH ^ ? i ? ^ ?s?i ^'RI I >^t or(^
<Q?ntf9°v•no" ^ cm.'\ ?Ri(7n «rR351 IÔTR WI?«<I wnfRB? ?RN5CT jif ^^t^ ^s.-c-
Îf (WltCv*! RJt?!®) f% ^5t?t «nw I iRt%°v RTR ( R t ? ^ CtRI? ? t t l ^<«r?t RW ? t t t ?RlRlfR??
?T?^ ?5?I ^5tRI RIW I RTR (RI?^ %ll?»v ?4 ^ W I RT? ^ R ( Tv& ? W ? o-(t b «^
^5tRi «nw 11?^ v ^ ^"vRTHR? 1 ? ^ ^?i*i? m c^m
b I W^RlPt (canopy) ^ "
;t I ^ 5 1 ^ ? 5 (down rod)
vs I WRIIRS? ? ^ (capacitor box)
8 I (3® (blade)
<?! R 4 RI? (lock nut)
•h I fMt^ pR (split pin)
<^ I C%?? (stator)

VI (31?? (rotor)
J» I C3-C^ "^«I? (play-end cover)
bo I RI? « (RI% (nut a n d bolt)
bb It^Bpl?? (insulator)
b^l (Rf*H ^ ( m a c h i n e screw) •RRI? RIT^?3? îRSl^T? t?t^ ^

—Oo
Contents
^vS8 c ? t % ^w^GaîM '^m^
: ^sig^llt Rsjn?t? % t R
*filWi) -IHIÎ C u . m / fSlRU

v5.oe1?. X v s . o e l ? . (ioXio)
t ? . X vs.oe 1?. (i4xbo) b^ôo 1?81^8 (8 V)
8.v5o1?. Xv5.'=lo1?. (iSXb^ bCôo^81?8 (8V)
8 .Si01?. X 8 .V50 t?. (i^XiS) b8oot?8l§g ((J^'')
'b.bo 1?. X 8 .<iO t ? . (CôXb^) beoot^g^g (^•')
RTt'ilf>ll5(.<l<J TO
Pm^-cm csnk?? %rt?»v ti4 RTt I f?«mi, ( R ^ ^ H1R5 ?stl?n %#»v ?sfMi
cvii;<]w vfiRst to 5t^%^ w n t R S ^ st«iR ^ i
^RIIRB? ^H* « ^ * f t f R B ? RtR crfB?

Mi
1
C5Tt?l?l? %I1?1?4 ^ ?5tRR W RtÎ?PPlf vg^ntl^v-iil
t. t i t t ? W I R t t ^ <i<^l<l W t ^t?t RfW I fnai Ti^tt?
W R f t R ? ? R'vWtt (TiRfWt ^ I vilt «RtR? (Rlk? ^
' -STR?^WRRlfTft? -Hl^Wj^l^ «?rftt«Viil? R l t ^ W(m
y\'^ Wt «rrw 1 (Rl^t%tRR R ^ , , C 1 WlRTtR&?W
C^rf573? <l<?-% Rt^RWlft 'Q'mtlQ^W 1?t^
I C2 W'TttRB? ^ %tt?°v W R % <pQ<ll

«rw vi]?t %t1^»v ?4<3 ^ ? 5 % n RTWI
Ca W ^niil8Tntf^v-i£R R f l ^ Wm R?.wtt W t «nw i 9m^-cm t « t ^ (Rf5? ^
'^\^L^ R R t W t t t ^R?n ( R t ? <3Rtt1^v-iiR iJlfvJHM t ^ 1 ? I 5 % l ?s1?:® ^ I
iRiiTR CJP^ C R l ^ R R ^ ttf&^ ? m R t t R ^ RtR
CRl^ (H.P) ?5Jt*nt5|lR ^ R t l R l t 250-V.

b/v
b/^ \50 îf
b/8 80 uf
b/v5 (to uf
b/^ 'JjO (if
^/8 boo pf
b bôpf
t?sB2 cB%f "JRW >£i^^15(%Tm^ ^ p,f—2.5|if w ^ ^ «fn?i5
Contents
CRtR ( R t ? ? (Shaded pole motor)
( R ^ CRtR cm?i m ^^r« — m R% ^tRI RfW I vilt CHI?C<]<J ( ^ g ^ CWl 13?

ioo ô
RtW Rl I
CSft? CRtZR? - 'SI??'! ?J? W RtW I ? 1 ^ ^5tRR R l ^
W t R t c ^ l f ^ W t «!ftW I CRI?(R?t C? 'SJ^R W t ? R R l ^ ?1?I
R t ' ^ t f ^ W t «fltRS mm CRC®® R?R R ^ I 'SIR C? R??1 ShrftJing

ring
Rt?nt
(Pms W t «!ftW Rl ' S t ^ R R f ^ t f ^ ÎR ?1R I C R C ^
CRPf C s t e vil. 'Pi (Frm^ RTR ' S f T O f ^ ^3 ' S H M f ^
RST^ R^?I ?Tt»twt?^ ^Jjlt? TRsr 5T?i ( r e s u l t a n t )
ipt^ § < ! , t ^ w I Titf? D^t^w R:?I J>O° M l cm Ri<m
«?ttw w t , RuiRiRt??! im c?to ^ c ^ i t t e c^n??
R t o «mRS I CRTOW CRtR CRt?C?^ ^ vs^ I . a t
m-m cwi?«<i §i1?»v?^ t!^ w cRl?c?? c?t?? f t c ? R
c ^ ? i t t RtRi I tîR^f^ w ; ^ îit cn??
<U<^W ^ R t RtW I CWl-C«t51Rt, RTR, C^^Rlt C ^ «
Rl^t'sntî
CRU5® CIIR CRt5? ^ R?tC5Tt "^m^ I^ RRttC^ ^5t!R C^^tll^ t?°v '^^H ?TtR(Rl??5 c^'^j^
'Slf? •'Tld ^ ' R ? 5 f e ? t C ? , ? t ^ ?s?l ? 5 ^ R W W I ' a l t CTOF© CtIR CÎl?? ^ RRtlRt
R W ^ 1
(?fc^ cRf»r csrfBcji? 1?f^ RtR

(i) t O J l ^ R l CJR, (^) R t t ® ? s ^ . (vs) CRl?! cm, (8) >aWPRt1?°v ?SC?51, « f ) C?t5? R T f ^ , (vbi
1 ? ? t t ? ^ ,(<\) ?lflJ'll«1 ? ^ ?l|i|'lW ? 5 ^ ,{>>) C ^ » v t ? » v , ( i o ) C 5 I ^ f I
Contents
c?fR^ tw<^lia*WW R ^
c*fH cRf^^ R#?m ?n?«r
'STTOf^ R?i»t? to mf?^ ^ I W T Rirrîfô ^ ^BTTOf^ mm R I ^ J 'W'R«<I 2rt%t3F?ii?

W T m (resultant) ^<5.*f^ ^ i R t ^ W T C5l^W?RI toR^, C R t t o (3f5?I« R1?I:^
R T ^ i ia5«ti<i ^ 1
csrfS? 3(5^ ^ ^ ^5Ti^ ?si?«t3i^ ^ <?fm\
(b) RT?nt (^) (?TO5T5-'5? t?°v c«rRT, (vs) f?ran1?i w f ^ t ^ n t ^ , (s) (?Tt® ?rt RIRI R R W I , ((M
^1 omm ?5fe ^t^g I

eitwlRs
b 1 ?#?n (R%® CT, 2i«tist^4j cm?^ TO 1 w i R«i?i ^ I
vs 1 % j i f ? i w n t w T 1 ^ " 5 t ^ I
8 1 (?TtE R l 'TtRf "^tW I
(t i ( R t ^ vs^ntl^^ * t f t ^ : ^ s % T (RRTSI^ ^ ^ f e " 5 ^ 1 3 1
b I f?Ri^?, ' T O I 1*iRn:5 R R ? i ^ 's^sftRi I^Rir^ I
^ I Gm R l Rl'«fR ' S l R W t I
vs I va?5?t C R U R ? ^Ritfo^R? I
8 I (3©1R5? 1 ^ ^ I
b 11%ri%°v w r f t i i ^ ^ s t ^ I
^ I (RTv5 ? t R I R I ^ ^sllUS ^ t f R I
vs I CRRR? vg-j^fô^ ' t f l ^ ' ^ ( R ? 1 R ® î^Cvo I
8 ! (R«T?T?? ^#^-=35^ R ? R T ^ R g R K R CiJ*l|ilvo <)h«1ltCvo ^ t ^ ? I
vil.tR Plfs*^ CRfS? (i-(RsSt) (A.C S e r i e s M o t o r ( 1 - P h a s e )
t R U w (Rf5? v;4t^<
iw
i n°;v W I ^ W l Wl tm ^ <3?ntf«?t. ( R t e ? ^srrcwR-j]? ^
i^lRw R ^ W I W l R T W I v^.t^ 1R1?W G T t o ? n^ %.9^ 9^ G0(M ^ I v^.tÎ CRI?^

f7f1%W ^ W l RnfRiRt5v5 -^s^fi f ^ W ^ o H R S w l f ? W T ^ I C R H R ? '^^m.n ^PRC'R^Rt^t
Contents
< 3 ? i t f « i c'T^nTTt RIW I w r c ' T O ^ ? . <3?ntf9?f& «iiwb>i«<5 ^ Riwtt W I «nw, R W

«ii(:iji>iw<) 2i%t5F?n w i t R f ( R ? va?«s ^s^^jrSRw? ® ^ ?st?Rt R I W I R H ^ W T' ' ^ ^ V W ^ i
WiUm ^ ?#RR ^ s r H R F R ^QRltf^v-iQ (RTSI ^ 9m W I ^ I t ^ R l R
^H^(.li^\cm <S\.9\W^ , ( R 1 ? ! R - f t e % R R ? F I ^ ^ R I RIW I
9 ^ (RfB? ( R l ® mm R 1 < 3 R R R i t e ? "STR o - v ^ ^ ' s o -jse ^ â??, o
e 'Si ? t R f 'TTW I ^ (RT® R R ^ %l1^l W R ^ 8 ««t (R?l <3 <s\.9\ 9 ^
C^n?? I i R W f R t ^ C s t e ^ J < I ^ «I1^ I CWT-t^ W T , (RRlt (Rf*R, C ^ ,
fint«T?I ( R f ^ t W t f ^ i g ? ° v ? ^ <?im 9 ^ (Rf5?©fl (R5T<3I?I, St^ t ^ o T T f e R3R3§^ ^ I
W R ® I ^ ; R R (Rl?? (Universal motor)
(R C T I ? ? ^si%Rl?f?°v W R % (ig.-pl) RT ® T t ^ WR^
(1®.1R) RKBTTR RRT TOW ^SPloldÎI R ^ I <s\,9\

9(m c?i??, 1®.1^ Ri<3?m W K 3 ^ OT^T O T C ? I t^R^sij^
^ RI<3?m % I C?T?? ^ ^ R " ^ t^f^toTlR^ (RT?? ? t ? T «5ltt%l

'JfTWI t^T? <3 (Rl?? ^ I R I R W f!!?!^ ^ Wt
5ITtf?1RC?® ? # ? ! ? « ? t f ? ? R T ^5t?t R I W I ^ <3?Ttt^?j? ^ T R R F I ? ? I ( R 1 ? I 3 ? R i : ^ f^lQc^Sr R ? , ^ R I W I

(RI?? ^ ? # ? ! ? W?T « l ? W f I Ril^f % n ? R T R R R I R I W I (RI® ^ ^f^ ^ 1 ?s?T
R R R I I % n ? 5®PiC?< R T ^ O , o o o - b o , o o o 'Sfl?. Pi. l i ] ? . ?s?I ^5t?t R f W 1 t ^ f ^ ^ ^ R R ^ C^TI??
? 5 R ( R i n j CSi9\^ I % (Rf*R, (RRTt < R f ^ , C U T R R R , R T t « T ? <3 fill'Srtl? t W l t ^ C W I
?T?^?t?TRtWI
- ^^f^'^fl?^ (?rfBtRR (TflRapl^ ^ fi|f^?n?

?t?1 " 8|MH
oil (<*) <l>ilid3l55l-iil<l <J?tRI««v 'Hi (<*) -îm moi <^mM
{^)#5C«IR1^5Î ((^+t+'si) (?inTi:?i?i ROT ^H**!
(1) 4|1Wt>N W CfMI i iJWiStH »II^ >llf*l3 ®il|?lt
(s) ?ii?iw ^ ^?fti;51

(^)l<?ifew%itei Rw ^ 1
(S) t f ^ <l>ra?ll <'IC'l4't'i iI»,WI^
-*Ri^ ^^c^ 1
(5)2raMi? <jii«ii^cvs ^ 1
w\U ^4?!^ ft* <^Q(;«
Contents
04i (4) Mi\ M ^^Sl Pl«IC51
(1) +(^) i t ^ ?fl?n 1 ?

W l W l f e s ^ i
(«) 'WH ft? ^ 1
{TJ ^'ifes ^ 1
«ll(.>li>l<l 1 (?) + (t) R«tp 8ionw^
''I)^ WIlt^^tTOl ?OT^tltC«^l
(1) isiraiwp? i w I r w I
(^) ift? csi^si ^snr^ ftR *tfN^

?Qwî ,
(®)i?n^?^fesî
081 (?)+(1) 4:|HI«iW HvJH ? W 1 <1>ilî:vs
('t) ^ W I ^f^ 1 l f ^ ^ 5 1 1 5 1
(t)3W<IlH|^^^TOi (1) 3n?ra ft? ? f e ^ 1

(^) (^) SIC?IIW M\ AÔWHL ftw
^ 1
1%*H*t^H CSffB? ( R e p u l s i o n motor)

(R ftWf ^5UiJ<I ^ t ? ^ ?s%n ^ mm 1 ? W P ? (Rfe? ?R?I I 1?tFT»R (RfB? 1 ^ I
m-d) ^fiR^p? (RfB?, (il) l?fm t s t w R csife? <3 (vs) t«R?^ (Rfe? 1
F?9fH*R C R F S ? ( R E P U L S I O N M O T O R )
1?RIR«R (RfS? fRf?W ( R i t a ? RTI? t ^ I t?RIR*R
1
^ «nw 1 ^ (Rl?? <j<M«t5 mm R ? 1
W l «nw I cTR ^ c^'^n ^tc^® R i r t a R s v,<?o cw:-:!
R t f ^ 1?RIR»R (R1?I?IR5 ^qsfe ^ I CRRR? W
M
*iitvit>i? ? i 1 ^ ^nniRfNs R%T?iRl?°v ?5ii:?^ ^
^CvsfifetVS ?s?I "5? I t ? R l R ^ ( R i t a ? ?^ (Rt^ I
t t i ? " ?pnri? tR I "^R'f

^^RRI^TTO? ^RR^ (Rt^ ia?»v ^ ^ RI<3?I?
?ST1^-^ W 5 ^sj??I RRRSI
Contents
f?RM*fR ^ ^ T ^ R ^ C^rfS? ( R e p u l s i o n s t a r t i n d u c t i o n m o t o r )
(Rl?? ^ R F m (Rl?? % r c ? R f W I f ? ^ R ^ - R l f ^ (R1??1? t ^ f W R i^n?? I^RTC? K ^ f
? ^ TOW ^ R I R * H %1? t Q t W R (Rt?? R ? T 1 R ^ - R t f ^ 4JiJd??<J ( R t W ^ 6->lf^f4f®RIR ^
% t C ? ? S T ^ ? # ? t R t WI
fR*fl*t*fH t : S t ? ? ^ CRfS? ( R e p u l s i o n i n d u c t i o n motor)
( R R W ^ R I R ^ C s r f S C ^ (RT?? «?Tt1%°v W R I W vs|^lC4 ^Rl^m t « t ^ (Rt?? ? C 5 T I
iRspFtRtR CRtB? ( S y n c h r o n o u s motor)

f R ^ - ( ? F s r cff? t ^ f i p m t R (?n?? sn? <3Trf5 ^ « R t mm ^rtus ^ «?TrB? R I W I ât
??1R? ( R t ? ? , ? f ^ « ?tt5Tt?, t W t t o ? I ? ^ ^ RIW I iRJpFtSTI^ K^T I
^ 1®.iR RItfttC?? ^ RT I <iS?? «1Jlfvi(L'IC?vb cm m\ ? S ? l ^ ?5?t ^ t ? I R I W I
W <3?Tti^v ^m R f W I %Tf5°v ? ^ ?s^?1? W C § ? I R (?#»v ?^m?Tt «?ttW I (Rt??
1?^?1?«ttR 2wt1? ?5?f « I t W I (RI?? ( R s ^ ia?5 RH?^ ^ ^ ?RTiRt «ItW I
^(5TC3FtRtR CR1T5? ^5t?r*tR C R l ^

iRROFtRlR ' S ' t S t ^ R R C R l i t a R R W J »rt^
i I lR?R3FRm ( R I ? ? F I ^ ' ? ^ ^ "RC? R I i I W v ^ ^ l
^ I t5t? tt%I?n R ? ^ % RfW va?°v ^1 n t o n 1 w «ttw R t i t 1 % ^ n

1R?C3FIRIR (RRRi Pi'idvij'HW ""^m mtus ?s^ w I
I RIl1»tl <3 TK3?!? FIRIM ?m I vs 1 ' ' s ^ ^ i i T f ' t ' v -Rvg^n? m ^ mm m \
8 I Rf<3TO R T l t a ? t ^ % ? W ?T?5T? ?s?t ' 8 I « ^ R I 3 I ? l 1 t ^ •^WI R ? ? ? T 5 . ? s t ? ^ ? I ? 5 t ?
"5?l ?s?t ^ I
<t I #® Sc^f^vo W I ? ( E x c i t a t i o n )
?5?t? i R , v a W t ? ( R ? S H R I ^ "5? I
vbl ^W\9^ ^ > T ^ (RT?W^ CÎ3I 7 f 5 p t % R ^ (Rt?W3 C^(?ZI t5t?
^ t ? W o t vs M i e t ? 3 R ^^ST^rr^ I W^?vsi -J^t^ ? 3 R îf^sl^ ^
vociH|;^«1<f>«nR (R1% ? I ? 5 I ? ^ t ? t R f W I
Contents
(Induction motor) (Pure Resistive load)
3 Phase 1 Phase 3 Hiase
Motor Rating 1 Phase 380v 440v rower llOv

415 230V 380v 415v 440v
HP KW 110 230v .amp amp amp KW amp amp amp .amp amp
.5 0.37 .amp amp 1.2 1.1 1.0 1 9.1 4.3 1.5 1.4 1.3
.75 0.55 1.6 1.5 1.4 2 18.2 8.7 3.0 2.8 2.6
1 0.75 7.8 3.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 3 27.3 13.0 4.6 4.2 3.9
1.5 1.1 10.4 5.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 4 36.4 17.4 6.1 5.6 5.3
2 1.5 13.2 6.3 3.9 3.6 3.4 5 45.5 21.7 7.6 7.0 6.6
3 2.2 19.2 9.2 5.8 5.3 5.0 6 54.6 26.1 9.1 8.4 7.9
5 3.7 25 12.2 9.2 8.4 7.9 7 63.6 30.4 10.6 9.7 9.2
7.5 5.5 37 17.9 13.1 11.9 11.3 8 72.7 34.8 12.2 11.1 10.5
10 7.5 59 28 16.8 15.4 14.5 9 81.8 39.1 13.7 12.5 11.8
15 11 84 40 24 22 21 10 91.0 43.5 15.2 13.9 13.1
20 15 109 52 32 29 27 20 182 87.0 30.4 27.9 26.3
30 22 157 75 46 42 40 40 364 170 60.8 55.7 52.5
50 37 75 69 65 60 545 261 91.3 83.6 78.8
75 55 111 102 96 80 727 348 122 111 105
100 75 146 134 126 100 909 435 152 13«r ' 131
^wtwRs 2}f% -sj^T?) b-o f ? ^ w m Rif^ ûm^ ^ ':,O,OOO ^rnî csrtta?

^Î^tfWf \R<T% va<I»s ^num TTWf O.<\ CSJT^ B . H . P ? t t ^ W I
b nTFFf= bo
•QW^= Ô,OOOX'IO='IOOOOO ni^/?^ I t j ? f = b-o ^ I,
• R ^ mi '3Wi=)x ^j?rf
= "IOOOOOXTRO
ÔOOOOYIRO 8
XÔOOOO "f? *f#®
V5
8 X'IOOOOO 8OO
TR7R? « r f ^ ' ^ = H.P
v5XW>ooo
H.P 800 800

H.P
800 800
cmm (B.H.P) = = > B . H . P
Contents
A C GENERATOR OR AI.TERNATOR
^^wwBfi ? w I r%ri^'t5?iw 'sun W I RBI I ?«FT-
(b) G n t B f 5 l R T C ^ ^ 1 (Rotating A r m a t u r e type)

(il) (Rrc5l^v#f9=^R (Rot^n|^field Tvpe)
/ \
ROTATING
ARMATURE
ALTERNATOR
^.P^
m CBRtia??
(mm Rl R*&WR5<5
'Sra C t t R ^ e t C W ^ 3 R ^ - > i 5 ? W (RitSi??. ^mRFR ?ltl C S f s m ^ ? J R 5 R W I t ? l ^flî csn^
OWmpI? <RK?fBl ? T t t Î^WWUÎ ? { R ^ W T ^ 1 R * ! > t ? W ? ? W ^£1.171. ( W 3 ? ? I
W R^ST?RR1??. W R * ^*t^ W ? I R%T?l^^ W R * RRT?«r« * I N l ( * I 4 WRST^^SfTiTt, C^jf^, Rltt?°v e
RT«RI?f R t f ^ 't^blM'TIf? W WT ^ 1
« l * i > M W ? W ? (R1?»V VA, KVA MVA RTW1 ^'Qm iRltCTR R^RIR?? iRRCiim t ^ T e
WTI
^ P ^ l l W t a ? 5p« (Principle o f a l t e r n a t o r )
%.1r w i M i 3 « 5 i R N ? $ W 4 C B W J I * I W ? T«T^5»n?ra ^ ^-PIG ^ -MM ^ I ^ W W C ? ?ST?
««nw I ^^l<IHl?d<<Ifiim^RiR«^ ^tC-vsCfe!. -(Rfe?, C§&? « l^l-t??.! a t B ? ^ sntTjJoI? W " f T ^
7^ ^£1<I«^ W?NR W R * (D.C) >I<1«IA W T ^ I ?5<3|^^ -SFFINWT?^ ^ $ t e ? a
^1? ?#?N i1r?t^ ^^rr? Rc?R T . Â^. Â"?? i T. ^si^. M <''I.'S< •--'^S
CR<I«T ^ 1 ^ «FTW I
Oj
Contents
-5.8^ (3tR?s tw<Ôa<îl«i RCRW
^ » ^ H ^ f t 3 R r MJR ( C o n s t r u c t i o n o f alternator)
^ i w k i i ? ai*iH R?-t©15r (b) mt^%, {\) c^, (vs) (31??, (8) <m^, w ^M^.
»5irt1?8 C ^ R R ^ t a ? «lf^ S^HtiJl W T ? W R R ^ I v£it R R WRRT? W WTRR

«?nt% V WT "5? I
Cl^ (Stator)8 R % T ? C T t o C § t ? W t R T C ^ ?RT ^ I f t R CWl W I R T C ^ »ti^ WT ^
«nw ^ ' v t ^ Ri?j vq.lî ^TTftfo^v'm Rim TO I vat wi?«1% "Difiiwci;^ ^ ftî ^sRit? WT ^t?n
TO I R ? ^ ?#?n C§?? ?3lB SôRti? RRT ^ - R I ^ Rl?J tîf^pirS® t t ? ? ! ^ RRTCRI RIW I iRiRR <3
- n t e W % T l ? ( : § t a 1R?RR ( R m « W T <RRR'SRltfS'v W
GrtBR (Rotor)8 «tîi<jwi;c^<j c<ii;<ic<» T J ^ ^ «tn w r r i ? i m-
(b) R l t o * CRTR ? l t t C?!?? (Salient pole type rotor)
i^) ^ W^-m[ ? T t t C?fE? ( S m o o t h eylindrical type rotor)
^lll^Cii* CRTR ? T t t C?T?? Cff& vq-^l 9m\^ ^ R ^ C5rt%^ R J R ^ ^ TO I v^t ? ? C ^

C?lta? vbl*lllvil?l<l ? ^ >il?»v 'Sf^ W ^5t?T TO I C?I?C? CRR Î'SITT 8o R ^
TO I C?l??t^ ^TSiR ?T 1 ^ *t1W a n t ^ WT'^TiRf ^ TO51
vJH^MCHi;? R T W ! ^ f t ^ UW^llw WT ^ I C R ^ I f ) R UWÎ^H ^ »ltw ?i?^l<1 ?s?t ^5t?t
TO51 C?Tk?? ^l?lRllJl? C^l? "5? v£Ri ^ &t?I R ? ^ I C?lta «m ?#5It ^ ?si?T TO I ^FRW
(^m^ ^'i^wiSh W I c?ita? ^ Rc«iT it?rtr X5t? RRfwi TO I
( E x c i t e r ) 8 *t^MWUc^5l R T T ^ ^ R ^ t®. 1 r R T * C^RTWB? ?RIWI TO, RlTO

viJ^fTttl? m\ W i R%1?^RBIR? R T R R W vq^^TttERR -^^1 vfi^ttS? ?J?i?T? ?5?T
TO I . R C ^ R ^ CRWQTf C R C ^ ? n ? l f vfl^lÛW URTC? R T ? ^ ^t?T TO I
vbiMN ( D a m p e r s ) 8 CRI C51%t?CR5?) RJlPtCII* CRM C?f6? CRMJJ^-iil? ^ T O t ?5RT? ?T?

WT R ^ -RTf^ ?s?T TO I t^TWt WTRT? (Dampers) ? W 1 WPRT? RRH? R%1?W6?
MjMWM MRbM-Î? v£l<I»v RR(:R*R 1 % ^«f?T vil^MWlJw ^ 3 ^ ^^sf^ C ^ 1

feR-ft< « gTH (Slip-Ring & B r u s h e s ) 8 ^si^RC^TSr?? C?f5C?? RC^f T J ^ "sim
c?t^ ^ ^ 1 ? ? . snnrc^ «nw i l^'=i-^'v f ? ? <3?Ttf«vv9? ^^rf?^ ^?i?T*t R I W I gm. ^ t - ^ ? . - v g ? ^ i ?
(Emfc ?equation of allernatorj
SITC^ vg^nttÎ^ vffg|ttiS«R ^f^^W ^ -fe.lR •>I<1<J<1I^ ?s?T ^ 1
9 = (21% cm??!? ?5ic?Ri) «r?r?t? i '
Z = C ^ W 1^?Tf vsRR? ff??T1 (1R1?W) I
Contents
p = c m R??in I
= o . p. w b
<f\-^ TRRS Wl%? 'SUf1C'ir5<P IFra W ' ^ •^PBi

m
N
= z.<p.P-vd^.
120 f
N =
srt^ C^l^ 1 ^ <^T^D^
= ^ <p zf Volt
t-â^. iflW vfl? «Cfl® ( S i n u s o i d a l ) ^ H ^ T f t S M <I%t R'SÎI "^S m j 5}f^ C ? ' ^ R R .
^ . *£IR RR ^ t C ? = i - i i X ^ (p Zf = •^.•îi (p Zf Volt
^^WW'GC^li^ i^llRScl?^ « IPTfWtRtR vs?ntf«'v-'a? WÛ R% (?R:W m. vfR. lilR ( R M. S.)

? R = ^.îi Kd Kp (p Zf V o l t
*aRt^, Kd = !Î|R®*R RTtt? 1 •
v£l?^ Kp IRB; TFJlt?! I
-5. fR. C ^ ( R U W I5<w w^r ^ w?I(R f®. I r •>i«i<j<ii^

wt ^ I " # 5 lO^lttS^ ? i R I ( R i t a 1a*I-1?l 'Q ^ « ( K ? "fte W?RR f®. 1r RI?nt
(RvQTTt w I m m ( R 5 R - (Rsp? csrHiwiJdti?! R i m ? ? R?c*t f®. 1r c'^?t?r5? w n R t «rTw,
w?n?ra Rcsf R?;q;5 TO i r w ^ w i w i S w a , V9.1r c5T(?Sw ®<!,rr^ W i TO «<>n;viJiii«*i ?i*ir^
Ir "*CRC*1 W??n5. W I ^ 1 § 1 | t ^ ^RHR W?W vfmtttB»R W l ^ ^ ? 1 TO51
W ? ? •Q fR^ ^^FITt? (Distribution factor and pitch factor)
f4.||Ri5-R W t ? W Kd m\ vfl^'v 1R5 W t ? C ^ Kp W l f 5 t ^ W t ^t?n TOl f^l|f<SI>v

«?tt%.-vfl<I Rf??t « RRf?«rr©^ ^ (R'SRl ^ I ?«ft-
( i ) ^3?lTt^-vira W t t R t (R? I
Contents
iJ.88 ( R f ^ t O T ^ p g W f RCSfS
(il) t . va^.'5?'-'ira ?#?n TO 1
-m viRst? R ^ t n TO 1 t . ^ . v£w-w 3 0 ^ ? # ? } m 1 1 % w i t ^ cim tej
Cmc^ W 8 j (Load characteristic)
R%t<nRta? « i i i i i b i w <m sfmn w t ^ i r , W t t ^ ?n?i«t 1 > t f ^ c s t i ^ R t U f ^ ^ m\
•?lRt- ( b ) *lR^bl<l wfSr5tJl«l, (il) « I I W b W H t b I ^ T I R , Jvs) R t T ^ % t ? f ^ , (8) ( R t ® TOi:*? W r
Rt'sm Wtta? W5S|f^ I
(RtTO? RtvSRt?! m^ ^tfel '9IÎ<^HT;C51<1 R t f ^ t I ?n?I«t, cflt RtdTO
<M«C*<1 s f % W R ? WWI qt^l^W?? 'ailCitbl(.<J5) sitm im ^ 1
i j ^ ^ ^STotf^ g|^|<)W?? «tll?t5m?r ? s % l '5jv||t<j«|H W t l R s t f*1Htv*lHltf^?. RI?T I lilRTf^

^ 5 ( % t ? ^ ' i J t ^ t ^ ^RttaR^ ? s t g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
- b I 4!li\sJ<l!'!^ «IÎ«JW!5(L<J<5 ColC^L'&i^ f l l ^ W l W ^ R ^ "5^^ l'
i l l fifC®3?fl;R%t?tWta? t. v f l ^ . RTTt^T^tt;S5 tttR I
vs I « U 5 I ? # 'Sl^t^WlJWfl lil^st (RSW W f t ? ?5|?C® ^5tC? I
8 I § - ( R 5 W R % n R t a ? cm i R t W R R (Phase Sequence) ? t c ^ RttR I
^ • f U h H f^f^^ ?S^RtR R ^ ( M e t h o d s o f syiudir(mlsinj0
vs|^liI(.-ll?^-Rtt^ Wt v f l R l R%1?CR5?I fRjpFtm-^ W t iRRCaFfRttt^ W t ^JtTt
«r:« i 32WI°v PlHdv^lHlîVv ^ (R<3TIt
i «!Tt^ ( L a m p method) S m R t t % i%t?Tt I
C«l) Rtf^ S f E f ^ I
(t) Rtf^ 'Q R t % •f^p%5; R ^ I
^ i^ f ^ G R C V H *tlif^ (synehroscope method) S
Rtf« (Iâmp Method) % >l<J<.t>« ^ I R ^ t ^ l R f e l 'sjsjprt RtR?tC?t? f i j ^ W t W ^
vit>i>HH - 5 $ ^ ? ! f e ^ ?3«^P|vo ?tWI ' S I ^ R W S ? 'Sji?)^ R t R R t ^ % W R # i^R^ R R ^
Contents
( ^ ) Rtf% Pi'gH^t •Wif^ (Dark Lanip

Method)?
I^TRiaFPntl^^ ^5tRt R t o .
'B^^mR?? 7?"pj,<if^R?
^ ' ' R t ?l1^ 1

ft Y
( R ) Rlf% « t f f ^ •FLLW ( G l o w Lamp E ^

Method) S 'Sit I'^R&W R*&raT?f5?l ^ < % t W
? i t c ? I iflt " r a f w ^ * f t d (?T«"m ^ I F

Y 8
'St *mm "T^lf^ l F a 1 K < (R^RI ^ 1
Y a
« l f F t ^ « ^'^HRt Rrf^
C ^ I ^ ^ K •Wif% ( V o l t m e t e r Method)
. ?l1w s n 3 I W % ITC^ lRR?3FRTtt^-vfl? WJTJ f^Bl? < J W t ?t?f â??. t w i s g
(^tT:^->a? ^ cRtrN^t^nR S P i w R t t R ? Rt^tiiR. ( J S T % 1 ^ 7?o^rt ^gsfe ^ 1
Contents
•rtrf^ ( S y n c h r o s c o p e Method)
^ ^ ? R f Cfl? K?[m R%I?W5? iTfipFHTtf^v <fl^<l<] WFftl^ «J?IR?[ ^flt
; Wl ^ t ttf t?^ff «f^c^ I r B r I f ^ i i F t ^ f 5 h | w * - V £ ? <m ^ t r ? i * H TO i
an ( S l o w ) « ?fl^ ( F a s t ) (RRW ?l«0 W?f 1 tRR(5lFfmi1^ <ll>1<l<1 'Q t^f^^tf?^
c^?*3 >Ri?nn W l TO- i p f e i cti'snwi ^ r o i
tsj^piRfo csjfiR "ms
¥31! ^ ^ W * W l t G?l
ITJ? ? # W I W I W
Wrai*T? ^ to 1??
^*%? csri^ t1%i:^
5SRR I R!:*p ^ ^ c«iw
< n f w ? (Oscillation)^'*!?
CT. îîfvii (?i1%Ji
^w?T ? m n 3 ? % w ? ^ fi^Nsj
?%nsi TO RTOs RTOs w i t m
•511*0 Wivb ? * » f (Distribution oi load between alternator)
^5}%r?T5? i i i < i N i * i ^ T R R ^ n ? ? (mm ? * w ? wû t t ^ ^ f f ? # ^ ?s1?i7o ^ t ^ : ? i
a^yi-^Bw^j ^ f t ^ R ^ ? T f (?Ti® ^'QWi ^ f 5 ^ I a n t ^ - i ^ ? f t ? ^<?r?i 2 ^ s f ? n : ^ tf??i«f
?% 4Mii?wi;c<]< (:5n® ^ ?st?i^ ^ I r i ? i ? îîwwiJw? ( ? n ® ? 5 ? i t w ^ f if t ? ?i Sô^
S ? : ^ ? r % n « ! WttC^ I R % ! ? I R t a ? i i ) « l l 5 i t 5 « R 1Q<\oH ?s1??1 Rf?SIlef R%t??T5C??
W T ?1? I ? T t T ^ « i r ? li^^vow ? T ? ^ I Î%I?^?TBI3? 4«ll5c'i5«R ll<<J^H ^^1??T
: o " 3 & *lQ<JVoH ?5?T ?1? I ,
Contents
I L L U M I N . -
R t « n ? « r s mm R ? ^ C ^ S TOH n i t ? n i m w mm t w ^ ^ Rim, 'om,
R1«R t W l f ^ ^!tC^<3 TOn m t ? ! R I ^ I (RSR?i® (Body) i ^ t c ^ TOH to R s j S v ^ ' e i s ^ "
( R t RTCTO # 1 ! ^ I R?f^ TStCNS ^5rK?n f ? ^ « t Rt5 H I i^Rl CCTR'S (Tfafi ^ 1 ^
SssRi^ t w ^ O a * ^ . ^ o f R i s ^ ^ R R i , ?it^, ? r m t ^ s i t f ^ RI35R W I ^ t ? i « n w I $c«wS*»^
RTCRR Rf?*n ^ 5 I ( R ? R - l i W W I ( R R i t ? Ml'1. C ® W n R * R « WT ? W - ^ 5 B
^ ' 8 R 5 w Ri?51 lilt ^ * i r n R f?1^ tc^TÎ^ ^ i r n T R ? ÎWIHI WT ^t*iic^ i ^mrfs

mm W P T ? ^ R f R R R l f ^ W I W §\gI?5T (Illumination) ? M I
RftlClRf: ( L u m ^ o u s Flux) S (RSR. îm ( R W ^ (R 1%5n«t R R R T t % ^ f ? ^ W mm

# 1 1 (R'^n I # 1 1 (RRR « i l W 5 ^J^T? I <!) ^ t ^ f ^ WT W I RKRR ^ 5 W ^ I >iRS WWW
•^^STIR W R 871 RT bil-(?-'^ TOTT^ #II ( R R t ^ I "GRI? RWT^ •b'\o eJiPR

(Incaudesrent lamp)
TOTT ^ ' l ^ ?S|?CN5 Ri:? I ^<n^ i'GTri?=Mo spsj? 1 ( i sjpH = © . o o i v b - G R f S a f R )
2 R T f ^ WT W ^'«R t i R T f ^ « ^ t ( ^ I ^ 1
W r t tWf^tWT* ? l t W vsTTSTPn ^ RR I ^ vsit ^TaiT?
W I it?Rff ^ t ? i TOTi f ? f w « t ^ ^ t o «irnR51 § ^
WRRI t^fW^t <J»Q<|<1 W ? t ? z f ? l f ? ? l t t <j<1^1<I WT ^ t ? T
TO i R W T l ?T?I%? l f ? ? l f R I ^ i W T W * £ w i f ? 4Q<I<1
^ R m R ^ t ? T TO I ?TfW fRRRR*f? ^ v s R ^ T
Tinf <lrn niamtnt Inraiiilnml Ua*
(TfRR TOwt t W R f ^ C R * ? l f ^ <n?T I
RT*fI?I«r5 l i t tWTCSj* ? r T l % ? J R ^ W T ^ I m- b l RPgf^f? RT1% (Vacuum LamjK)
i^R?, ci I « l J I > l « f ® ? l f ^ (Gas Filled Lamps) I "Sl'J^ t w R R * lt^fWRf®<R*) ?l1w f ? 1 ^

R R ^RC?1? f r o g ? ?1«l]i::5I CTTOI
UTRRIRI? ? i t w 1wTw* m'^ TO I t ^ ^ W T SWTI? W I ^t?T < T O i
? l t W f^sRIlsn*? 7lf|>s ^ t n t «TTt? ^ ? I ? I t ? 5 % n ( T I V Q ? ! «il??, C^T^TIR? ^ 'SifSWRI? ^ ?Tf? 1^

?s?i1? WT ^ 1 RTIW »JIR "?IR ?Tvsm f^gi»r^ R I R ^ W I ^ i ^TTPTO^ ? T ^ ^ r»
îgf? 5 5 r t ^ v5t«RT Hlt^^TWH tJTR W I 4f^<ll<l ' J i : ? f f m ? n R ? ?*II ^StC^ ? T ^ ? l f 5 ? W e i ' = s ? ^
^ 5 % I I <n^^ WT ^ I f W H R I * ? ^-=1? ^sf^ltj^BR? ^m ^ R F ? I WT(RT? ^ ? ^ ?^^^ ^
Contents
^8b- (Rf5??s t i ? P ^ @ W ROTS?
^ 1 ^ R l f e g f^lWi*<5 ^ WTt?n (7t?I I ^ t ^ ^ ^ ? s % t 5 l Rsm, ?Tl%? f ^ l W * RIW
*tIP! ^ ? l 1 ^ f*(>41IWi*55 ^\^^
BFÎ ?T%?I ! * M I W C * ? 1 RRR^ W?PT

'^*Wian
(Coiled coil) ?#?n &5Tn^t

;j,<foo°C ^tRt TO I iS«Mfl?P\6
W t R? I Rt«m«it
?>MIWM
tTFT ^ ?tf%?
fwtcsi* ?t?i%»t-vfl? ^t?i I f?1%^ «Tnc5? TO5-Rt?n 9^ (?!«?n i '^-6, ))<t,

^<t, 8o,'ho,),oo,),<to,ôo,'{)Oo,<too « boooWl ^ « T i t t 5 ? Rll^lsl ;j,\so l^J^ ;i.<to CSK
«R?n^ ?s%n wt T?I Wl Rw

tRR V c®r%
t?
m
?i
S^sRit TO « ibo Ri%«
tRWP#t5!* RifW l5lfS|HI*1 Cviitdî'Sr<1 1 5 t W , ?tfW ^f^<vsH (RRt
?%
C o t ^ R l 1 ^ CtW ;io% sjlÎH M^'>P
t?
(Output) R l t ^ ? T ? I - R t ^ W T ?TfW Rl^ ^ ?sf^
^5n®?<5?
^3iR/«RSlRt?t
Wt
Rt? I ^5tT?1? <f% C®tC%Bf ? 5 l ^ ?T?l TO ^ 5 t C ^ (Output) ? # R t ? 1 ? I W T
'^'^
5w?tl
^ % } < 1 ? t f ^ RR I Rt%?I ? r i ^ W o t bo 'JpSH-«?n? bVr TOl
vflt?TfW R ^ , '«t?FQ W >iR«v ^ ^t^C'Srt "^ttiT W t ?T?l I
| w 4 1 H ! ^ W * ? T % f ? % ^ «|?l^ Wt ^ I ?«ft-l> I Rtm ?tR, iJ, I (RtRt RF^ O I ^ l i ^ * l f^#IR
8 I ^^s' ? ^ i
$^*jHfi.J.^* ^ <:*I%IC<1<J ^yfft« 4||t3<MWW 1 ^ ??CiT? 5 ^ £®Rt^ W t "5t?t TO I
( R ^ b I ?lt«P^ tttf ( B a y o n e t type) ,iL I . f t t t t . f - ? t t R W ^ i ^ ^ Wt ^ I ?«ft-b I
vf#R51 ^Tflj?^
W R ^( Ef dsi s o n{Lighting s y sit e^mi s )«1WT«!f
s c r e w cap) f Wt (Goliath s c r e w cap) t
TOfT ? *5fJ ?? T
>ijt®RJl <'S<iM «?riB
t^^r&e^ Rt*n?i«t^ <i<m
t t ^ ^ ôo « ? f 5 " 5 t ^ >3oo n q g ?TfW ^'HRt^
ttR f TO t ^^?tn 2w^t XRtI Wt
^nr®
t «^Rn« f
b I ^t'^Wl ' r t t l ^ ^ ( D i r e c t lighting) 8 R ^ Rt^' t t t ^ J>o% - b o o % TOTt
to.SRTfIvs
^srtw
^ 1 CRfR
(Rl^'9(?iS e?m i
t^n? vbf^W^ ^Rftj^^
^^l??t TO 1
51^ ?j??o? ^ TO I
D i r e c t lighting) 8 a f l ^ R t t ^ CWm -J>o% TOO taitRt
to 4l<llf^\s ?p|??t RT#t ^RiR? to RRtfl^ ? ! % r t TO I
\S I C^RtC?«I «!f^^ ( G e n e r a l lighting) 8 Rl%1? RttW C^Caj R W to RRt=Mt(R R l C R t f ^
-8o%T.On
^#RfRtWl
8 I CR^ «!flj^^ ( S e m i i n d i r e c t lighting) 8 S f f ^ R t ^ bo%
WR?n
1 ^ fit?Tf^ ? s t ^ ?tt?5 https://allbengalibooks.blogspot.com
W t ? 1 ^ R?tttvs ? ! l ^
Contents
<t t ^^MK ( Indirect ligt»||[0 f (ûs ho7o -loo7o ^
«rn?n sff^îFlR^ ?#Tra ? I ? ^ ^ TO I l^[!t>S«ri<p'^l||l^lpBw y ? n ^ ^ <mi<i"
WSf? ^ lR95^1fS (Silvered) UF1 R«Pn I^JIR® (Giled) Vff «:«
vu^sfS t * t l w « R#?i Rrnpn 'n«n?i«t m^ (?m i>o% i^t^ ;io% '5fn?n
( R ^ m csrw v9*% <t<t7o mpn s f f ^ ? # 5 < m \ ^ c^fw >i,<f% ceiw vo%
^ 1 î^RsnR ^ a ^ i f ^ ?itc»i?t ?i1%? 2 # T F ^ ipntr? m - • '
i«%
^1%
F ? t d)
$'<d'c*it>(n5 ( W R m
nt«?i?)
•smcm iPiwcMiJ iTe?n<i
Cd/m2. L m / m 2 (?! M L ) B
Contents
? t f ^ C3^fi*«W <Types o f l a m p s ) .
sa-'T -SII'*^, IJI'I I W I I-'I^-'I ^ N ^ , \T) / "TL•^-!?^^^ "-LIV.:
) % R ' ? 1 % , (S ^ l % T 5 J ? I % , (V) ? 7 f % , (Ji) t S F - ^ I •
(Halogen lamps)
? T i ^ ?Ttf ?(%-?T^ fstja !R^^R?n • '

^ ! tm m vo^«1'^!\»14 « T C ? >i)?l «t?^ ^ t ? 1
îT?n f?fw<^ ¥ ? ? n TO 1 1 ^ w n ^m<^ ii(»?iiw^j
5iti:vs ^ ^?°s R i % ? ^ T W R w R s r a t ^ m wn^n?
Tjrai ^ ^ % n ^ I w r n : ^ ?T%^ mî?
^ f!?r5n«r W T R ; ^ (^sn^jjifew, c p t t ^ , 'CS^T^ fwFfî
W I ^ I ?n?;;«tt ?n?it5^ î^nj
^ i c v c * - ? ! t - ^ ^ r t l ^ ?in 1 ? i t w <M?<^^ ^ W U I '
^îf^rn ?in iii?°s ? i 1 % w m p ^ ^1? TO I
, ?TfW ? 5 T % ^ i!.<f ^ t : ' ® vsvs ^JtSH/>S?I? ^ TO51 RRI*n?<^ t R W R f ® C # R f f W F ( t ^
(ô% ' J S T M (3f*f TO51 îCSilWH ^^TWI^ e ^ s ^ ' S T I I ? ( K W ) R % ^^f¥t t^sml? I v£lt
w n i ^ w ? , i R s , iHTiH cTT? « ?q?^«rmT!;^ ? m r a W t - ' ^ TO I
•i>*S^ Rlf^ (Arc lamps)
3rr#. ^ ^ 1 % ^ •s^tl? (3tw§?-^5? ^ W J ' W I l ^
^'<z^.^. w ^ i i j t ] ? <ra i i ^ R ^ r j R W l ^ mm
p=tiT9nf
^ T T ^ : ^?f<^ ^^rfs £\-i^:< 55,:?i!3?^;5j njw ?nî
^ I W l i i ^ ^Î%f?
< ! ! ' « i i , "^rnnn G 3 M S f 5 i « <JJ<JÎ« W I ^ 1 <Tmf& C W l f N ( Q u a r t z ) W T W T TO51 R s ^ W ? ! mm
2 i ? R $w<^c5i® TO v£i?«v ^?pt? %i1?°s 5 w < ^ ( 3 i ^ « s^fiwi fevsw?] mm ?(:*u ^ n w i f « w i ^ n r R «
TO I ?if5j?ra m W l ?5?if? W l s ^ r w e q ^ t ^ ^^t? TO I ^jt^ ? R R ? I ? C * U
Contents
Rtfî wRiRt ?tRi ^ I ? S I ? « t , %ôm m <R i I Wm 9 ^ - ^ g l c v e o i . ^ j L •
? i f ^ â. 1^1 R f t ^ R i ' ^ ? # c « "^c^r ^^#5 f5iR'» i x i ^ cm^ W 5 5 T 3 ^ : ? ^ ^«%3r

^ti31 <^«*in; nif-ixi? ?#?n «ttw I ^ f f i t r ? ? *iiî«itl^ W R ^ I ? ? -fâ^ms
i^lw 1 ^ wn^!??, .56 2Tjit?tt RivsTrra ? # ? t «rrw i T J J ^ ^ W I ^ J J
<f'IC<J* R???m w t W I '«'«f=^ 2t«rwt W?R5 ( T T T ^ ^ ^{57 ftlî 5W4CSl^ <3 fw4>^<«' SJr=
$W<!iCSl^ « RrnPt? . ' S J I ^ TOtHttW»R (lonisation) m^ W i
sttfR ^W^CSI^^^ R^*tt * l l « l ' ^ t | w « R ' ' # f l ^

^ i ?tf%f? .*t?w TO 'ii^'s ^ m i S t w m t l w
'^ ?t? I •'^Wll f«vo«<J 5 t 1 ^ t f ^ TO â^'v
TO? ^ sJ^t^, t ^ R ^ s i w ? f?W n t ^ m ?tt^

?m I ii)t f?w- Ri<r*j srt? ^ O C S T ^ - 5 ^ 1 ^ b ^ o - b s o v
?[<3?T? m'^rm Rt«T ??. ^Tt??STf? ^ "51?^ % T ? « !

• ?». trt?*^ I ^"f^t ? T % ? R t ^ ^ ¥t1fift?'a?5
5? I ?Tf^1?? ^ mi, h,ooo ?*T i£|?»v ?T%?
S ' J . R t f ^ R % 2tT? <?o «jpTH/v3?f5 TStRt TO I ât
?tt%®M ?n?'«n^, ? t ^ 'STtt?, !R5=Tv3(:?i C T T ^ vs T T ^ -â^
?I?5T? •5t?t RtC^ I 51? cww < B ^ ^ i r i
îJRRRr 8 bI ^ % ?^ W r t ? ?si^«t ? ? f ? f W ? « t ^ 1 ^ ^ n -..W«i<.i1â*.i ( S t a i c r t e ^ i
^! cm <m'^ ?*tvDg ^ ^^t?T %t? t?i^ ^ "1 ^Tsi? str:^ 1
^srt^CRtfSR Rtf^ ( M r c u r y I o d i n e l a m p s )
"m^- ?T%? I ^ t R T ? ^ « m^ nrt(R? Rit'o % 5 I ? ? ?TIR?

? T ? ^ WT ^ Mt Rlt«|R)H?t1W?°v « ?5T?Wv5T ^ ^!??T RTW I ^Xlt ?TtW <l>l<i^'*'al \ro
5JWiT/vs?f5^t?t TOT
(Mercurj'^ Argon T u n g s t e n
(MAT) l a m p s a n d M e r c u r y B a y o n e t lamps) . J
^ ^ i C ' R •sit?^ i:«Rf? ?TIW I«v5i:<i<i - ^ - j ] ^ f w t ^ ?it?iR=^ "5?'i ^tfjf^ ? T % ? ?
• S R R W S T ?t°v7:§^ ? T 1 % ? ^ I '5N?^nft m^ ?T°sC^ Rt%? F f t ^ ^ ytcT?i t n ^ ? ^ cs*'-^

, ^gtfeg w ^ * ( T ^srrc^ I wm «?jTt5? ^ ytc'R ^n?^ csm ?t%? ^ <)!:IJ!>T-
RtW i %oi3?^?iRt? ^^T^^wt 'mm viiifjidvD srm e-bo . ? T ^ F T ? ¥tci? 3^?T^ ^ .
Contents
C^fsRS ^W"*I5*JM HC»I®
cf^t^m ?ifw ^ L ? 1 ? F T D WTOT ^ 1 ? I 1 W fftR FLJT?FF5 " U ' ' W T ^tRt TO f
1 ? T ? L ? (7nf^<JI«53 ' T F ? ^ *mR i o fsrg 1 r 8 W P T F T ? -CTi^T FLM ? # ? N TO F ?NF^ TOIHTO^
W N ? T I ^ ^ 15S?f&5J ami i % Tsn»f? FFIF^. (?f«mÎ n s s w AJJISS? 'BIIZ:^
$(.«i<]ICBI'^W AN?T*t W T ^smi^ W l TO I ât I W ^ i g i ^ i ^ C^^t m^ ItWiHUMA ^ sri^
, TO i VAT SW»ii^n? FTMSTC? 2 W I 1 ? w t ^ t r o ^ S I R W S R F ? 'm w i t5Ri % T « I 5 ? R W
0^ C*lt*%er 8 0 0 V ^ t ^ hoo V Col^ I
t^ C5T^ • * i ? I W 5 ) R^ W 5 <pfn?IR?TWl tÎ

Wl spra <PTC<J*D 1SI?]A«t «RTW T
«tJPT «»ir*<fW W f CTTRjSjn^ ?Tf^ ¥ 1 ^

'nra RTST «tT?I«t RTwr
220 VA C
^T'njraT ^ v f l ? i CTffsrrrsi ?TRTf?rs '?'Q'ST?I
W ? ?Tfw ^ ^ ?R «JT«l«f
^ I t^ 5T^^f«T^ Rt^ <?-io
*5!L3I? I % R 5 I ^ FL5®?.*A?I VN^MRAFT
?SI?i?W!? !:^FT%® Sim ^ ^ 6 ° c ^Tn?t 1

n;S«j!?< S'ra ?ITJ|^pret «?n9I (Double wall) (Jacket) Jfl^ <ng
? * « ? N TO51 ^'mBTc?N*R«is o<^m ^FTRN TO I C>NT^«iii C®*N3 r » P toti?I
^ m w i 'Ho ? t t ® i i o « I : 5 R / « ? N U TO I (RTfe?!^ <NT^ M R A , ' E M E T S I , *it^ twif^ mim
? m f ? W l ?tRT TOS, (TTftwrsi 1 ^ ^ ^ 0 0 0 W^«*ti CRlfeW R F T W ^<s,«fg R w i c i i w w n ; - *
(Mono' c h r o m a t i c ) ^ 'SOTRlv R^ ^fWIRI? 'SIt«JIâ^ <TTGI I W ^ CRTfermj ? 1 %
W T ? t ? T TO5|
i ! %TTrsi* 1*T?IT!S t
^ i W T B $:*l<*(3T»< F ? W ? « T ^ 5 % « FF%5C5 ^ I
V5I CflfS^TS; Co-W W R ? «R1 WW ÎTTL I
8 I SRT%?TO ««L ^^^55 < R 5 % ? « ^ ?T««!? ?FLL«L [
H?«^ -^^Tî
cv5icîer<J m f5©? FWPR s f s T ? cwm m\ i*m\<^»:^]< W ? B F ? m i ? ^tRi TO >A?!, ( S F 5
FSHEH ?rrf^ to»t^ ^ % R 7 R « < J ? * M "55! ^ I?^-vi)? RTTR «.STW^lll (R«Rf TO^ <
f?%3 ? l nt'STrf? t?%;^ «f<I7J? OHWi:*!* trS^T? f5©W<J »mR «R?tR 'anWR <R«RI TO I
Contents
9m ?ffw am^ <?m?i tw^cEi'vb i ?*jTf^ n n w ? •^'t ^ s ? ^ i
ÔT^cBi^nj fipmro? 'TiWM o^m i ?r%? arf^ cîRJfilUiw gv "5tt^ b-v
a p i l ^ T C ^ R ; <lTf^ ( F l u o r e s c e n t lampsj
csm ?Tfw cwmup^ I[??T
«nw 1 T O R ? ^ R w i ^ ^!p|?Ri ^ml^ WI
?? I Rl*n?*f5 CRraTTRI UTR ?1?I &5?lf? i ^
?s?r ^ I fUSM*? f%Î?? C^TWHR*
RI®WTC?? (RRI? (R-e?! R t W I ^^t 1 ? t t ? ? RC*tI ^
f f ? ^ « t iJM<»l^^ ^'Zn tttsn«l Rl*fs »tTP!
?J<^M Rt?1 R t W I 1 ? t a ? <pc*j^ ?Ilct*T
tW<^,CSl^ R I W I iflt tW?^tilat® « F n (Rf?RR **»»
dtinj-^l*! (Barium and strontinum oxide)
?r^ttOT? fin3«i W l R i ^ W I «fiw I
iîB<l^<3 <?n? STfg ? ^ ?5l??t (?!vs?1 ^ il??,iitl? W ? " ^ t ^ R ? s ^ 7[tf^ ^ ijTIW- ? W ? f ? -
fR?l?t R I % ? ^sntWRI «rTWI RTIR t ? t a ? ^*17 ^ *IJC?IHl5»«R ( l o n l s a U o n )
C«IC%<St ^^%n RIW I t ^ H R R R * RtiSUsWfiJ Rf??vsi? ^ t R I «Pf«ITSrR ^ f l ^ l T O R R R ? (Ultraviolet)
?t*I| T f t J R R RRRTW f f ? < ^ ^ I WWm (Phosphor) a W ? C«W? ^1? ?TtW ?»v ^ W ?sl??T
«nw I CJMWICI* ? T % b e (Rg 1 ^ ( ^ ' " l - ^ t l ^ ilSb- ( R f * 1 ^ (V) R % 5tR1 R t W ^fl?!
RI«?T? 8 W i>ii<fW vs?l? 1 ^ RTW 1 8 f ? * , 8 o <3 ^ ^ o ^ 3 ? ^ ^ C i F f W R R * Rlf^
.(^TRi.fî??? 5r® TOni ^ F i t w (Rf^ ^mm ^ «rTw i ciM(.<ii(.-H* ? # ? ^ ?!#^ 'sn^ '=i<?oo
R * T l CIPRRRR* ? t f W ^ " ^ R f f ^ R f ^ e o <Ho ^JCSj^/^RI? ^ t ? t «!TW I >at RTI^ Wf?Tf5T^ f?f«^,
' 5 l f ^ ; ) l 3 ? T ^ R , Rn?C<J??t « ? 1 ^ tvsjlf^riva ijj<i$j<i ? ; t ? 1 ? t W I
to aFn:?f^Ri1w^^^^
i l.?5I? ^ «I't?M^«l, mt vSRI^ tRWfÎR*,?tfW WrtZS 8 W (Rf»f (?f? 1
• • V : . a I, f?f%3 <i?-^fl?i ?nf^
/ : « I ;3Ptt?I7R* ? l 1 W TOTI ^^Qlifl??, TIolf<<r-vSK? ' R ^ W I Rf? !
;: 8,1 ( M : ^ t ^ f w ^ w * ? # 3 ^ft^vo ^^f%^ ^5rn?n ^ s i ^ « M I
<is I t H W f « I 5 1 * ? l f w W5c^ W R * 'SR^ ^ W ^ !
Contents
:ifi8 c ? f ^ tw^^S^Jl'i ''ms
i I O F T W f * ?I%? 2 n « f f ^ ^ C # f "TC? I ,
i f51 ^?%!8 c ? f % Wf?l»fm SKIIWi^ I
•s \ 'ns^n? *i'Bi<M TiFf I (o -Jif? Pf)
8 (Flickering) i ^ ^ l (Stroboscople) ( t r c ^ I W I ' H 2 I « r < I SR^ I
i ; C5T^ W?RR V o o v ?ti:vs i o o o V ? # ? 1 RIW I O P T W r W * ?tfw
$:i<î3iii«j w f w H i ^ W R (lonisation) «n?s Îww w^- cm "^Km mi TO I

^ i "ÛM, ^ v s ^ -pf^ : ^ T : ^ f ^ « i TO I ^
*j|-HlPiuw« ? f t ^ ( F u n c t i o n o f capacitor) 8
«n6TO *i!?ij:<S' 'sisjnrft ^^ftw wrrt5r5? m^ w i ^ i (o-(? ^tf o-ji,(?|Lifi
^ i (anwi'.^v 'STUIÎ -^Qcvn von?? an:?f^ ^ i ât wt^:?? c? tivs?!^
^ I ' s j ' ^ ? E * 5 R ^ •^••QTiT? 1 ^ ? T ^ wrtiPiBc'fl?] i
>G|l?l'!)-TA?^lW ( F u n c t i o n of stater)8
i I §1?T? 2 n « l f v i * o ! : < Ofl'-^l'^-y ? T ^ t F T ^ R j T ^ W ^ ^ 'a?°v (:5T^ <t>C5J(:«1 ^ ^ w n 5 4 F f H
'©<!,'=^ ?s1?c^ ^^#?n <TO!
Contents
' ) f i ? r a <rt? <rt? ^ ( O F F ) ' « ' S R ( O N ) ^^•m^ C 5 T ^ ant ^^gc^
^ - ? f ^ 'OFR^nR* t(?w^BtMc?ra "si^*a «ioHi$(ier«ii^ ( I O N I S A T I O N ) m^ ^mus-mm
•0 l' C P T W H R * ? l f ^ ^«?1? f ? flfel W ? * 1 « I ^ ^ f ? ? T C«T?I I
i I ctrt-fi?ra imj c«f^ W l ^ W I^ )i
^ i « n w T tf^ {mi W R % W I ^ wi i
cfn-ît$Mft>R? F i t : ^ c # i ^ TO I C5t5 HiR RRR?
^«fT 1 ^ ? ™ s r 5 tw?n W r Swif? ^ t ? i TO^ I tFR^cSi®
C R W l -ÎRtoTr? W 5 W R 1 TO5 ^R»v U RTWR ?lt7RtlfR^
( B i m e t a l l i c ) T I ^ R R : ^ - ? ! ^ W t ^ f w R(R R R ^ t R t ? R I R l R t o
t t ^ R T R vs R T l l R ? 1^'=t R I W t 'Si^' WRI^fS? (Rfiffll??
^ s i t l ^ f t o ^ ? i 7 i M J i W I « r R : ^ ? i t t cgi f i f e ^ *iivi>wi!^ ^ ^ i ^ TO I
? R , TO ^ ? t ^ 9m I f l ? R ?tg, W R l ? ! ? ? , ( S t f w t R , ^ ? 5 L ^ lilJIllvtPlJilvj CKZ-^, (Casing)-va

?i%n f i t m SôRi^ W I ^ 1 %f5k1? c i R M Z R * ^îtw ^ n t ^ «i^ 9m C ^ I ^ R R ? ^n^w?Tt
OFRRIW* <llfeW f 4 « I M Ctn f l ? t ? < T O VDRI to OT«?I
C?n-t#RR? t(R^5(Sl® ^ % n t ^Pl<li«IC<l5 % f ? R CÎMT W ^ I ? I T O : C3f!'.<3!:^*

? l f W t(R??(STS, « ^l?t? R # t 5 ? îfl^ T^?,-^ TO51 ? ^ Jllt^CW ^ « : T C s M ^ f e W ? ? T ^
W l %f$R CUI-I^RFtW istlTo m^ ^ ^?°v ? l t ( R ? T t ^ 1 T « ' R ^ ^??^ <fl<?»$3tll
t ( ? w # O T ? 3if5>5 ^nPlRi'?R I ^ f ? ^ W R * 1^#sf R # t 5 ? % n 2f?i*?« w ; st9K< on

^ ^^f?R! r
LILT sRift^ ^ K ? * - I I I ? ^ P ? N « W to c^^'m ^ G
i 1 1 ^ Rf%^»n^ ? T i ^ N ? # ^ I F M ? > W I ^'^'^t^ -t-fficvo ^ T R M ^ ^ ^ T 9 ^ i
^ 1 1 ^ t M ^ F J I ^ ^tifc^ % n wj?iHitfe^ ^5i?^ <t^:«s >)!^!4ji ^#?n'«rR:^ I
'ii]?s vs i j t W ? R " S N : * ! ! ? I ? R S F 5 T F R 5 -^RTVS ' S N ^ I (R^ t ^ R ^ ^ $ R ? 5 ? W:K] cm

C^tijfnR TO5 ^ i R W t ° v R l t w B # R 5 «nvs FIW%F^'v5 ^ ! ? : i T^f^ ?f?T ? t ? i .
ci 1 ^ Cv»l(:^«sr-t9?l ^ K ^ e f t Z ^ T ^ l $ I U 5 ? "SR:«1T ^<^15 • 5 ? i - ? I ^ RFT R H ? ? S ? t t % f f t i : : ^ TO51
? l ^ ^ R f t ^ i R f t C S f 3 ^ ? ^ C5T^ ^^(TEJST % ^ ^ E ? * ^<J<I<I1*^ mm TO5 ? t f W RlvÎRll^ C ^ f T ^
i o o V ^^tC^ i i o V C « l ^ •^tRl TO5 i . : O T S ^ f t t l W C ^ " ^ P R R f t ? ? # C v s ^SIRSJ*! " 5 t R l ? t ? I
mwt f i ? R C1RI w ^ «?ftfwi ?ra I
Contents
c # f ^ tc«l*i?Ga<»<TR
*i»|Tilw« ' > T ? , W N I K B Ct^S^lT^R ••
% t o ? ^*fT ffsm TO 'ii^'v lii^si^ C5T^ « 51^:--; w ^ ^ t f ^ ^^tcn Wm

TO51 R ' ^ R R i % ? "XR:*!! R T T N T (R«¥t ^ f t ? r a -iil^fsi* t ? s i " ? t ? i ^ i t i R t f ^ •tfi«w <rt4i5?ii
?5*r5 f^f^ (TI?l I cRt ^ ^ Coliêr ^ i f ^ W f l ? (Rn 1 ? l t ^ i ( l « l f < 4 ^
c^tiRt. t t o ? -m 1 fr?ra <iii?j(i«i<j •srjijT f w i w ? r * mif^ -ûs TOS I

§ltl? CIFfWfCT* ? l l ^ W ? <??«?! ^ I
•^'^ m T J T T ? ?T%? "STCtJJ RjRW^C^* ?s%n c^\
t 7 ^ — r
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?5T^ ? s t o TO ^ 1 «fr^M t r t m ? m r a w i ^ 1 15; T N A T T W A w i ?t%?i an^
'aWi^ ^T?i 1 mmt ciMif^ft ?#?ra c?i?if ^ ?j?r?f?i w i 101, ^ « f ? i
Contents
diwiwm Rt6 Rt 1 1 ^ ^ I i ) t *mm R t % ? *tt^Wvs
Cnnncctinii oT fliiorr.sccnl lump is dc c*
C^lC<tlC>t* RtlW t%^5W3 (Rvg^rnR HT^Tt WT^STt Rt^Rt? •s^H] ^^wj ^ ' S i ' ? <S<^]< W ^ t ? !
TOs| ( R ? ^
bI ?fi;«i? ^ S - fe^ (Rf?1WTSI f5il*ic<P'B (Zinc Berylium Silicate) t
^ I RI^ ?CS6? W^S- RTt^sfWI C<JI«$l; (Cadmium Borate) I
xo I ^ ? l « ? W^°cr- RI1R?RfR?ITSj (Magnesium T a n g s t a t e ) I
8 I RfTR © ^ mm\ mm ^ S - WtsrÎRl^ W=1W>iC*flD (Calclum H a l o p h o s p h a t e ) !
W R t R ? ! ^ c ^ w i w w § t ; Ii5vS<i«ii5ci5 ? m t ^ to? witri? w -mi " w ^ ! ! "»ns5i ?t?i i
12F!R^ RlRR ««^55«R
R ^
oil «TJ?R %?nf?°s«T(R Wf-"^
(^) ff&t? ^ I U) CoTC^ C5?s ^ t o
(n) ^nt^T C^T!^ W I

R) RII^ 3pt^ i tt^T? ^ H ^nnttc^
R) ?rrt^ owciitivs ^ t i R I
Contents
m tfwt ? s t o >ii?i
C?!) f f ^ ?SC?I ?T I
[•51) smntf^
^ 1 ^ 1
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p ) §i1m 3pt^ ^ I |(<!5) Tf^j^ %f6f^ STfRft^
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5n»titc^ ?tiR I
o^l ?-tf%? ^KSTt (^) ?T%? ^ W ^ J W ) Rt^ W <3 m <|i|5<l<J
db-l
Contents
il<?
80 8 ^
—
40 'tiiO
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i<?o CôVo
^00 ClJ^Cô
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000 8'Hoo
<?oo b ^ o
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W-/b-o 8000 '\<too
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Rf*n?i*t ? J i ^ i<?o W I T ? ? ?
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? W I ? f ^ W ??t?5lWi ^00
Contents
41b 4ll3l«1 <i|Sr (too
^SOO
•)>(to
TTTC^ W T O ?? 1 ^(to
•*-<R? "(to ?F1R ^ '{O
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arc?*t m k(t w
TFftf^l"^
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c?M"t^fn<i " w 80 w ( t ^ ) CIFRRICT*
?i|[m vJso W R I 8 0 W
SO w i ' e ^ ) ( c i r a R *
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AJso W
Contents
HOUSE WIRING
(Internal w i r i i ^ f s ( ^ i m ^ ( E x t e r n a l wiring) 1
Rittw <3?iTit?^r?P ^5n?R «in Wt-jmi I m-
(?s) •m^ (Sv5 «?IJl1??. (Over h e a d wiring) I
(•a\) isnwT?! Rl®9 v8Tm1?°s (Under g r o u n d wiring) I
«if«!iii5i<]i ?n ^srf^ w wi^ft^ « f^ffevâ? %^ (R «Rrttl[»s ?TRi^ w t ^ mm

*i«jvaliet «-?iit1??, I R t « m ^ *i«j^li'=t 'G?iTtt??ps ^ v5i»t w t ?ra I ?«n- (bi #f5 vQwtf?^, tî
(RsfTfo ^ wf^?. ^RTt^l, (O) RITC^ <3imf??„ (81 W t ^ ORTf^?., ((?) Bl?,f^? «?JTf?t ât <'v§5l5
'Qwrtfliw RRra i i t « t i n 'st^ W l RR I ?«n-
(?5) - ^ J ^ «?]jrrf^^ I (^) : F T [ ^ C ? F 1 «Rrtfl[°sl
'GRIttR^ (Cleat W i r i n g )
t^. 1^ RR?i 1^. RR ^-^wcBvb m fumi^ "Sim mumf§^ lRRf ^ ^ i
# t t ? ? îtt^ R?R TO I 'S*^ <R^ « R?l1^ w t 1 m tti?RI R l l ^ 'SRI # t r 5 ? R^ttl i j t ^ , ^
F R I ^ «f!Wf#tt TO I 8 (RS, i» (R§ f % RRt f^??l (RIR'O ^ t l ^ TO I
ftt^t^r OT^jTjTiw TRRt^ (?o (718 fxi8 RmiRt ^ TO I RTÎ^ m ttfSrw ^ron
?ti^RtR ?ftf, f w . t r t t R ^«Ri (R^s^ w;^
tftnR-v3? •5n*fT7R RRf^Rl ^ Rti?®

^ W^ (^(^RR f5HT5nf5? ? 5 T ^ _
ttti ? P i ^ Wl ^ 1 «ni^! ' ^ ' = 1 ^
«Rnt?°s-ia? WRI #f5 ^Wlf^t w t "5t?11 I
nrtc?^, ?n^, ?Tf^, ^rt^tn (RS^,
Rl1^, fvil^l^lQ ôrg^, (TjsTt, a f i f ^ - « ^ ' t i ?
(b) ( ^ ) 2 F i ^ W ^ ? t % WIRtni (vSl^^nw ^ ?s%5-JTC?! I (8) W ^ ' t % ? ^

•Q R(iR?Jt W t W I
^5f^t?Rt
%Wt (R^?Tf??f vsûitô^ ^ -jjl^ Tfl I 3 i ^ i , s , ^ ^-JITtf^?, ^ ^5t?1 ? l t C v c TO
Contents
RMSPw
«iW ^fSfnt. W ^fft^ ^5l?W
m<i mM
(Rvs'm 5 ? I 'ilt ? ? W 3
mi a^wm
(R<3?rR?T? © f ? ^ f J f W f ? R I
i â^s ^
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^ ^^np (7?ein? (bHIV|in<; I T T t t ?J<r^ W I ?t?t TO 1 vilest ClWt^f? ^ >a?5t

^ ^ liRiftifvs cTCT^f? ^ 'ra'=»ii<i?i w R%3F5i ^ s t o itist^ 7(0i:7n«t ? i at vSTint??.-i£l? W P U Rf?«rt ^

^»^«IT«Î to OT'QTIt ^ 8
vî vat mî. m\ w w t 1?%»v-va? cûmp^. wi ?i?i i
^p|ftirt(:b)^ww
: 3mmfTOi
srni?? ( B a t t e n Wiring)
u) f^?j??î
siBT^v
mfi?ii m?f I ^ ' s ^ ^.n c5?Qnic5Tg
<jiUcw<j fra fR?n toi^st^ <Hi? - s n m M ^ W I ?[?I mm
f t ? 3njn?«tv5 vat *f?Fi? îmlli wi ^ i vat *RW? •QWIÎK
^sto ^ ? T W % R 5 ?1 W ? 151W ^«J?t <lPlfe'^ltl

Cm^ti W ^ wt ^TJItf?! Wt
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m crm<i *n«5n ctrw RTtt i ^
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4'%tc'i;?
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T f t R W ^ « vQ^^ '\9i^ mM'^ ? # ? r a ^ ( R - ^ s n t ^ 3H <yj9m, n f t ^ r o Iwm "^^m
I «?Tl1?°s ( R - R t t * C f f f ^ ? T f e vssn? mm W RÎWW f ? l i j R l ^li%»s f l R *
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^?I?tn "^^m ^tlR v£i?l x a i i ^ Tfttvo C?Rn?^ ^ < t (E)
UlfiJHMnJ^ ^?I?tn ? # ? ! ^5t(R va?»^ (RRRR? (L)
•GifSjHMn; «?nl?»v-«ii? R 6 R i t e ? ? Rit® ^?i?in ? # ? !
^tiR I v i i w f ? ^ ( R R t ^ îvsciji; f ^ t n t t o R?lt^

(RTO? t?W*R5 »fsj T f T i n ? | ^snt^nsjl Tif^ sronw^J (Rtl
O W K Q ) (RRI?I TO cm « Rtl^'v TOI? Rl«U
t ^ R * R WlSf^JlR 1 ^ R E ^ R ! ? R : w 1 ^ I Rl? ? f ^ ( ? i ^
^ ? t ^ c ^ R R v g vsrtjvfo-^ 3 ^ TfoCTtt ^ t ? i mm ? % n
™ ^ "-"^
« # ? t R t ^ ^tC? vi)?l ? l f ^ '8?T#?.-v£l? ^ ^^po? m C??!
v3i??3T < ? r i f W l ^ ? f l t ( R « ? l R l t ^ TO I
( « ) t ^ ? ? f ^ (>*R>fw^lU) CB^ ( C o n t i n u i t y t e s t ) ? R«nR ( R t ? R ^ W * ?5f??l ?5fB_^5n§^1%

i^m ^ 5 t ( R I TO? 1 ? ( R T O ? ^ t 1 ^ t i f ? ? R v3Tm1?i-va? ^ t 1 ^ R i t ^ î'i:t ^°vC?ii ^ ^ t o
5?^:? I vat?ft ( ^ ^ # ? l ? R ^ (Rlv5 vsi% TJîTRlt
—^<t '
Contents
mm v£i^°v R t F s i % R R (Off) mm ? i t o
\ i^RvfiRfR (:?RRR? ÎvslfD f ^ f ^ t n%lva
^Rrti:^ " 5 t ( R vg^v ?^tR?n R t ^ R ?
I ^ ^ft?R ^ (RRRR? % R * R 5 ?5?fgi
(8) CRHlRliJ CB^ ( P o l a r i t y t e s t ) 8 Cm
TO R ^ . RN'^RI^ (R<3Rt ^ t R I ^ tWT ^ tft^
<^Q<11<1 ^ ClMlfi^ C5% W I ^ I vat C5t va?5l^
c 5 § ^ i T R ^ ^RijKRi^ W I ? m I R t ^ mm
1 «lcT R i t i R ? R t l ^ ^?ZRin
^5%:vs ^ t l ? ! R°s(R1^ C»R "^^RR f ? R t ^ ^
¥ti?r, -^Tfet^ i f ^ n ^ ^ c*rRit?ft
^stT^ I ^ ?I% ^ T s i ^ :5jsr
î:?, cRmi1?ft ^ I ^ t cRiRltift c?Fra
"^f^K ^ (Earthing Test)i

4
R 8 S8 CsifS (?nv5 *1C<HH;<) (JOOO ^ n t ? y oi^ C^!*! =1^C<"Si ~<!V^ ^ G ? n ®fevs ^ I
Contents
RtfiR i^fm (Service E n t r a n c e )
W mm ^mfe^ <RR I i S F ^ - i i r a vi^;v'!:=^<j \ 5 T % ^ V ^ to
(i>) " ^ " ^ '^TffeR T f t t , (^) C R M , (O) ( T ! ^ iS I cm m, ((?) R!<t ^ 7
fsfSIm (<=!) l a i M M (V) n r ® , ( 5 ^ ) fif. ^ . « T 5 e t^T^, (io) ^ VEH 1
i 1 ^ n t ^ î^m^ < M w < ^ * R c n R C«R:^ ^^?R i
^ I ^^^-G 5 T t t ? TO? "XR:?! ^tC® CT«?1 ? t t i ? ^ 1
o I cRpr ? f f t 1 % i£i?s*iw n c ? ? (Rt*t "^-o?! ®f5^ ^ i
8 I m^^l RTfe^T 3 1 1 ^ C R R R ? t'îi^PTCR? ?1*0I? -TOW 3K^5« ^
.{<f) R t f e R ^TttTR ^s-^R^ ( : ® r r ^ OT^Ri ^ ?? I
R t f ^ îlSjItR-sl ? 5 T t R 5 T p^lbH
RTfeRva*!^ ? 5 r R R ?!t^ ?! ^Rr?f? (RTPS
••*lCî*^ ^*f? ?jf??f I vsTR ? f f ^ ? 5 T ^
i I ^ « ! ^ ^ -6 3T[?nt R T t ^ R<:<j ( R t ? Rt^ Rsi?i^ ? s t o ^ < I mm Wm^
w ^ ? ^ ? i ? i
^ 1 vfi-sH '#?!§ ? s t o " ^ t w ! mm (Rt^ ? ^
Contents
vs 1 OH ^m R t 5 (RTOS? ^ w t i -vs i •(? 1xr5T?j ^«?n ? I ^ % viiRi f ? . f®. f^-va? § W !
8 i |t-1^ TOtB? W«ljt R ^ ( W ^ D RtmtT® <iRl v»BI« RllTnt ^ s f e
<t I t i ^ j i f ^ t ^ * RTRTR ^ w t (R?f ^?tcw t?tT3^t^<* ^ ^5TW csjtitsr^ ?f^,. <>^5"C,

(Rt^ ^ «^5ijTn?n?ow w»iit I
bo 1 ait^j*!^ ^ CVIl5Wlltt^ I < - '
bb I W T Ci|llJ«<5 C W I t l l ^ l « R t 5 ?Tf%i:w - ^ t ^ I
bil I ^-cm s-^m 'rasferw ( R t ^ f % >inHv»iw ^ s f e ^ t ^ R«fn ?rn?iR ? s % 5 ^ 5 t ^ i
bvs 1 QUw* êiitc^ ^^(R vs<ii Rifî c5§ ? s t o ^ 5 t ^ I
C T - W l ^ to? Jtcsl^^fwt
5c*1«1sfS?>il1 *8?TTf?i-v£l? ? 5 T ^ ? ^ R I W R Rl ?sf??Tv8 ^ ^ ?5? R?7R va?»v 'ItT::^'!
a r t o ? RT?i!R a r m ?st??i? w?j (R-RTSI? to^ a R R m % ^ ^snr^ i
to? arc?Tw%m 5w<pOa<iiji*i ^?TT^t-'a? ? S T ^ ^ r f ^ « Pt^îvoiM R*Rg ? s f ? ? i ? ^nf^

to? va?si^ an:?nw%?^ RT^ i
?f^ 'Q?JT^»v-va? ^-laf* ^ WT •5??l, TO RtlR (R ^ t l W ^ 1 ? « ? n ^ i ?s?T I TO RT? ? l ?

?j?^^^^?i? ^ ?T "^frrsTR f s ^ R? ^?RT ?I5C^ TRR I m^ (T#?T 'QW^X ? S ? T RW
?? I ^ ^?fif??p toi? mm^ ^ t ? i 'TO? I ?sn?sf? Rf?«n? w?j va?i « ? n ^ i RIS?? ^ R;j|vto
?sf?Ri? w?j S?i5lws •«?nî-v£i? ^ - ^ n * ? a i m w ? <5l^?iii^ t
to S?Fjjfw5 (?r-^5n^ «?TTf?»v to? R # ? 5 - ^ ^ f ? ^ 7 f # c 5 ? (R-RT©5 « <3?TT^»S 1 ^
Contents
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(RfR?s tw-ijilj^'jM wm
>^L<5>St A Q W T L % ^ (house W I R I N G )
<UlC"Bsi 'QTUlf^t
(lR5iPfR C ^ )
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O I « T m § l ' r a ^ R ( R T ^ ^ R I ^ ' J l R ' T O ^ H R ^ CR«in ^ f R ^
8 I «Rff^S, ( R K ^ R ^ ^ ^ R ? W R R ? RS,WTn ^ ^ t o I
(^ I vstcuc^ C R m i ? , > ^ ? . i l f R W t ? « p r m R f t i
Contents
Ri^v3?mf?i
t'5jR7m ^ ^ 1 ^ Rt I
b-1 WIT WW TO R t n i ^ 1 ^ I ?!IHOT9 RW R^TCW
i» I '•JMW^fOTt RSPra TORS W l * ! ^ R?pn«f ? 5 t o I
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Contents
41
EARTHING
t ( ? R 5 j | w R w ? ^ i t n f ^ , £ ? ^ T t o ( R f ^ « tjô? ^srrêtw 2 t i ? j m % m^ m^jun

1 ? W s # ^ T O ? T l ^ ^?tt^ ÔTtn I
^ t ^ T i n « T n W l ?r?ll ? « n - (b) vsnf^l", ( s y s t e m E a r t h i n g ) . (^) t ^ t l W %

(Equipment Earthing) I
t ^ t i w i % ? ^«T?, tiR^sj^wm ^ntw?
(Body) t W l t ^ ^ ° v : W R ^ t f t l ^ ? ^ Rlt?"
^<l°v 5 m w ^ R ? ? ! * i ^ l t i w i 5 « < ] P i S j a M c - * ^'^p^
5rtt^°s W T ^ I sPt ^ ? I ^ 1 % S R Rlt«l°s?Z?T I
^srtf^^-vfH ^T?H*17 (Purpose of earthing)
b I tlR?lf^?^T=T 9^J^ ^ « R T 5c«1<p11?^T=T - 1 1%%^

t ^ T W ^ ^JT3^ C o n : ^ ^ ^ I T ? G5Tt
WT ^ I TO R^RRiW « ^ -
T f t f w S ? W T vq<l»v t m ^ T O ? ?*1T vfj^
^^lf% ^ I ^ ^ C « T ^ T O R T f ^ ?1*1T a r ^ T f l ^ \
"^mm wii^'v W T w I
I tow mm ?*iT % n
st<nft^ " ^ t ? ! fRiwf ^?g'i tor?
^5i%to5? ^ t i R w n ? ^ ««?pi? ^ W I
^^^?T? 'snf^l W T ^ I
vs I ^ ^ t?TWC^ ^ ^ t o a WRf
^Qcmi I
8 I w i t ? C5\^ T f f ^ ?lf%?T? W ? J ^ ^ t o iAA
^ I . • I{ 1
I
—1 •=
«• I 5(l=1<^1^4jm t f t l W ^ C? ? J % -^RbWHI
^ f ? ? T < T O ? , ( ? T t ? T % v^'v a n t o ^ £<î)F©4 * l ^
^ w r ? i ^ ^5t7« ? ^ ? # w w ? j ¥?r« ^ 1
Contents
"<PTiJ<fB l ' i . ' * R l (i'uiposf ui" t - ( | ! i i n n ! < - ! U earthing)
i I PI t ^ e p p ^ w i t ^ - t i R ^ ^ i t s m ^ s t c ? RT RT«fm«f rt^R:^ f?«rw?RT^ ?m
?#!n? ^ t-$t*1CV^ R t f < k R s % 5 ^ I
^ I (Rpt? « RITIÎIJIJIRC^ *««J(R?l t l ^ ^ W 8 Rlt^l ? s % o ^ I
Wtfi^^ CFWTff R # C ^ ^
i I RT^3irR ?TRfm I^SST?! 1 ^ I
(?s) -ii.lR c ^ T O ^ ?T R % t o 5 3 v w oRttl^-vii? R«j?nn f ^ R r f ^ ^ ^ p t o I
(1) Jal*l«M4JIW5l (v5(p) 1^-C?FW, ?IR^ RTt^^ ? # U 5 " ^ 1
(R) Ir^C'H C^KW 1 ^ ^ ' t ^ i t W , ^sTO RT^l
( « ) fe. 1 ^ RTtiR? ^ ? J R ^ , ? * i m ^sT?il^ 3 n t « k ^ ^ ^
^ I (b-(p)) tR«3?lR <RS5f SlRWRTiR? CRUWlf?! ( £ l ^ mi ^ 1 ^^fe^ I
8 I RtB^^t^^ SiRwîii^ (1^. I^j « fiiRwsrnR? (1^.1^) ( R i R s ^ ni^m vTRttRnt«fi
Rsto^l
(? I C^^RHR&tR? CSPi, CsrPlPRs (Body) (R^TRB? « ^«{?rtRnR-vil? O R t w i f ^ 'STlM?,
^1
^ IRT^ -^tilW*! RTRI^l Wt\9\<> I T ^ RlM»v ? 5 t o ^ I
• H I RT?WR ? s ^ t 5 vS?JTl?Vvq^ RTtJR? ? f e (Body) R T f ^ l ^ I
VI W f t l R ? RT^ R i t ? ?5%o ^ I
Jjl O ^ R T ^ , (RT^ VQ St*|4f<IiJ1«fl ^^s^tlR R ^ %T?-v5? ?5«t5) ( R t ? TO ? T ^ (i5%?n RtRi (:?ri5 ^smi Rrt^f?) R?."i:t r « ? t t •^t?Rt ( R « r i
TOt RI^'s tC'llI^.cSl^ I Rtf^°N tc*1<P(l5tC^!i><I R T t ^ £4Vijf^'* mm ^R? 1?^5?i%l I
—-0<»
Contents
9^ s f T O ? m^ t w ^ c G i ^ mm TO to (R'SRt ^ I m¬
b I ' T f t f tW<âa1« (Pipe electrode)
^ I tW4ii3l^ (Rod electrode) ^
As I 1 | f <n W i t ? tWÔat^ (Strip o r C o n d u c t o r electrode)
8 1 t'W^CSl*' (Plate electrode) , 'SftZÎ^
(t I ^ tW-^CSrs (Sheet electrode) ^sr^^r^r^jîi^bp
tot^ c>,o tort>QRf^ 8 0 0 cs\i7^ ^ Tftt'tC'KicS
C S f f ^ R t f ^ l <^9*JI<1 RT?t?<T^ ' t T I R o H t t W
( T O ? R t t z f ? %vsz?? w r m f ? ^ vsb- t^g -f^g visf?!^
"5t?t ?TW I Tltlf? £ii?J ^-e 1 ? ^ ^??t

vst? y t t ^ (Rf^ TO I T l t l f ? TO 8
>iiQcvs b'i, i?g.1?g ?rfiR? w ^ - s f ? f t g w t
TO51 ^ flgsf? t?g 1?g ^??t vst? -^t^ «h- J TTPt^?
w ^ i ? r ^ ? R i TO I t<?r^^'« m^x
tof^ vTO? ?*tj t H i : ^ ifi?5 ( i Q ) i £ ] ^ w
^?t ^ I £nRtW%I &!?! R ^ ? t f b h 1^8 t ? g 1 ^ .
^ T t t f . • r i ^ m^x tw4<i3ic^5i ?i*tj Tif?
TJtfR?1? ^ ? T ? ^ ?R1 ^ TO I Tlf?,
t(?Rse|tTO? C<)f^îl-*l W ^?t? W ? J (R'GRt ^ I
^ *rft*f ' s m t ^ ^w<)ic3 ivb 1 ^ T O R t o -IJ^^N w t ^
^ntw k(t t ? g 1^8 v 5 i ? t f ? t o ? -2 Bolts 16mm4)

(vs) 1 ^ R ^ t ^ . R i t T t t f ^ ? ? T b- ?°v ( S . W .
4 5 X 6 m m thickX5m
G) bo 1 ? ^ ^'m. R i t . TO? ?sc?iR (vs) long flat .
1 ? ^ R t l ^ to R«f?t % ? iW5T(R? ( R ! ^ R t l ^ to
$C«14(:Jatv5 ^RCva ^ I tc=14CSl^r^ (Rtt1%4,
"^vg-jJH ^ « f ^ v g ^ vsrrfô % ^ f ^ ^
TO? RtTOI R^Wtn ? s t o ^ I tW4($t(lv!3<1
(:<iBt^ji*i w t ? w?j ^ ? 5 i i ^ -QVt ^ ? ? t
^ 1
^R^^St^ bo£^-v£l? C ^ f 7^'G?t ^ ??I
—t300f—
Contents
v i f ^ 1^. R t t i^fS-vil?! RltW 'bo (7181ll8 X 'bo (?T81?8 X -fe'vlX? fxt8 fsi8 R<?Rt ^S'TI?! C?fC^ R t t ^ 'ho
(?]%f^%xôCf]z9[Zx'0-'i(t9itf^%^-5\^-^jm^^'^
TOI? W v ^ ( i Q ) ^"^JR?! ( R ^ t H r o R "5)a?I
^ R?i I iii. .i?8 i?8 wi?nlR&nR? Rit
f l t l l ? Rt*IK? 2nRTW%I R^ ^spjRtf Rtf^fl •

-sr:*!! Rtf? "RIR?!? WÛ ? T R ^ w t
? t R f RIIÎ RTf? RTf«t°s t W ? 5 ( 5 T O
wfe^JiR RRitRi (R? I Rn?^ tort ^Rft5?
ia?s1^ R(.'!l<PcSlC*«l •^f? (R^Rt "^t'T I
1 ? s ^ «Rf5, (ôo QnMÂ C ? | t ^5ftf^^ .

CJTJ-WTLRMI S(*RRI ( SWRTT BRF ^FT? JWT^ V C T I ^ 1
il?st^?sRt?I C?l^ o o (7tgf?8 xvso (7181?§ XO-i<?.i?8 fsiS R«Rt til?sf^ lif. R t t £?It5 t<5' (718 fÎg x 8 o
(R81?§ XO- i?8 1?§ R t t ^ tWÔat^ R t l ^ W 1!^ ^ I t^R^J^St^ (^3*5 ^

R5j?nft Ri^siTO R f i ^ "5K«u RRit<r« ^ r
Rtt*}?. tw4(J5i<:^5i R*fj vs R<i<if^ TO?
Plug to b«
"5K?J vi|?s (iQ) -vil? (RPt (R? tPRCvE^ ?t ^ I for watering
ii> iR8 iR8 WI?l1^te? R t t X t ? RttIK?

( 2 f O T % -STtR R^Rtft) t i ? R ^ ^ $ l ^ R^*II
Copper rivets & bolts
Tn%?1? W?J R J ? ^ ?Rt ^ TO I %m vbvb
Nuts tor copper plote
t^5i3tS?K^ va?5l^ C?f5 ^snf^tt (^t^TOt ^ R I
30rrtmX30minX >15 mm thick
copper plott
or
40 mm X40mm X >l5minm(ck
RR^ (Protecting e a r t h L
Rffî ^m?^ Rti?s ^srpgr® •î:^ ? ^ ^Rî? (pm^ ? t (RW? 1?^ % I I (RSRI? R?? RIRTWÎ
R%W 1^. t^. 1R RttR R?Rt t^. R i t Rlt^R? "5K?J 9m RtC^ I t t t ' R l t ^ 1?^ to Rti:<5 R ? I
•?t1^ 9^ 9m (R^RI? .RSI? ? 5 ^ ' W -bo (718 iR8 ' t i t ? ? 5 t o 1 ^ ii|<I»sTOm% >il5w<I f i f , ^
RttR, RTt^l Ctl^ R«f?1 Rlf^°s'ntCRS 1 ? ^ • ^ t ^ « l t ^
Contents
( R t ^ ^ m lî^t^rf^ R w r f t o « i ^ R ?m
i I C«T% 1 ^ ^-^K i£ljrsiftUm (Volt m e t e r & A m m e t e r m e t h o d )
I %? t?^ (Three point m e t h o d )
o I Rlf5fi (iS^ ' ' H ^ ( E a r t h t e s t megger m e t h o d )
1R5H V3 . i l T t ^ l f s i ^ AiruucU'
7Tl«n?et^ ^rit t ? ? ^ ? F R H ^ t ? t TO I v ^ R ^ # C ^ RTtraWtt) OT^ *»t3lt^
W l ^ t R f TO I f k R R W W t f t 'RJTt^P R t t ^ ? i : ^ •a. ft iprt

v5?5 •JT® <3iitc^ ^ I ^ o i ^ -t? t c w j ^ t r o ? Rtjj
<s\.9^ ^ttt si^'t ?#c^ -5^^ c«T^ i^tra <3

v^TlRfRtRR? R t i % r t Rtf^lWS %fC5I Rtl^l MfSf^JtR Rlf5? P Ic If—'
> 1 ? i : ^ ^5tiR I
E •
Re = - a
9m R ^ Point Method
1 ^ t ? ^ "i^ms ( 7 1 7 ^ tw^î$ro5?j (Rf^^TCT? m, ^ TO? ^ I (Ttt R w ti?npz5frw

(RtifgnR wt r J ? ? T ^ I f?l?I? tW^Ha* ' ^ t ^ ^8 CRIR -iR Rt1«il MlSr^JtR, ^Sft
' t ^ S f ^ ?lf5? W t ^ t ? t TO I vflt ' r a l ^ Rlf^°v CÎit^JIR R T f ^ 4 r a ? W «Ji:;^ t ? R ? s i ^ (E) «
RmRstt P <3 C ^ C? C W T >i1|f^ l « 4 ? 5 ) 4 * 5 5 ^ ( t a < R f ^ ^ - i £ J ? Rifl? ? s t o
^stW I -^t^JRR msp^ tW^«Sl4î5R?I l ^ l i ^ RTC?? CvStt^Sj Stt^Tt W I ^ TO R t W
R % (:wt^ 1r§W t W ^ U S ? M f ^ ^ j R R * ) RRR? W?S|? ÎWdHJil R R ( R R l t W I t ? ! ]
Rtf=tf%^ f%RR ^^1% ? s ^ ? , R I
V
R, = = Re+ RF
lep
^ ^ = ^ = ê^Re- ^ 3 = ^ = Rp-Rc)
^^m^ 9m R^Bft mM wfet^JiR ? i ^ ?5?t ? i ? i

1
Re = " ( R l +R2~R3) "

^srtf^^ CRRt? (iSf^^ 'S'l^rff^ (Earthing me.ggcr testing inclhod)
: y r l ? I ? ' ^ vi)t ^ f ^ t o R 3 ^ i ^ W T O Rlf^°v ?s?t TOI Rlf«ii (Rfs^TtR t1?RIt ? # R l ?
(o_ (?on) (Rti? ? j ? ^ wn TO I j q t ( R t i ? tRi?n?TO 2^s?it ?5?i ^ I Rt?i?«r5 f ^ i p m
W f S t ^ J I * ! (RRI? twi l I N l " W t ^?t?t TO I TO ^ t C ^ t t t vfl?s1^ f?I?!? ? ? I R ? (RRI? I
Contents
i I 2<^3^R>4 ( R p R « RJTJtmiTm - R ^ - R f t ^ , % W f i R (R5H T j f B ^ t ? ! ^
T t t ^ H W ? J , R R R R R ? (Rt^f^TRR? % W R^JSft 2 f R l 1 ^ ^ R R WRF W R R 'SfffSios ^mU5
^ I fftt?^, (R5T? ?5t?«t<lR^8 Wit? R^ ^ R t ?T?, TO R ? T Rl«t Rft?tt
«W«1C<] ^ ^^t??1 i ? ^ ?5lk? I
^ ^ ^ S f t f ^ ^ ( D o u b l e earthing)
R T f ^ l t ^ R ^ ^ ^ i ^ I T O R ? ' R ? R ? R ? I (t 1?tf? ^ i ? ^ ?st?i:^ " ^ t ^ I Rl1^»s t t l R R I R R f i R
(Lugs)-i£l? R!*(K? t ^ T O ^ RTtW ^ ^ ^ t ^ R?I?lt "^t^- R ( ^ ^ ^
R T R ? : ? ? R « f r ' R ^ Rt ^^t?l^ R R R I
t ? W f r f ^ ( R p R « R P T R R R C 2 I (R 4 « 4 f B R i l l ' s - ^ l ? ^ ^ t c ? ^ 1?W ( R « ? t " ^ t R -
£ ? T 5 t % ^ ' ^ ' R R ?T5I Rlf5f°s-vit? -ît??!^

—
vs(p (C?FSr), (2-v5pgi«f% c5Tf5?
vs(p ((7F^), i o o C5Tf5?
3t^((R^s?t^)
bb,000/880 (:«!^5lRR?^
v S « l ? i : ^ W t t ? (b-W R'Wifvi'Bl? ^ 5 f ^ ^ 5 f ^ b1^Rtf5{
Contents
dSf^^ (Testing system)

i I twÔiic^î Rit«k c B § '^ftc® (Rt t w 4 i E i c ^ < ] ^tft^m fit«?nR ? 5 % ^ i
^ I (JBt%^ UiPJhI*! E P ^liRRlR ^ 0 7T?CTtn ?5%s ^ % C ^5lf^?li# 8 0
iRpR M^ WlKi 1 Î
« I R T ^ I W l f ' R T t t ^ ?««tm5I Ti?Uf R T f ^ W ^jJ^W ^StÎ ^ <7H ( T l t ^ t i R ^ ^ t t ^
viRst WT C?mi I
8 I f53l CSITO? R f l ^ 'BTfîTlRJ®^ ^Wtn "^(3 ^ ^ I ? I
<f I (RRRR? ^|Vi>*in; 2t«rw RTC® RTC® R R t e

I TO? R? ( R T O ? ^1^1115 21%
I r ^ iô?T?-^RttÎ
[ (RRRR? RTi R t ^ 'A'^X P T3!f4jH|*1-iX|?
''»tnt?sf5 'I t ? ^ ^ R?TtRt Rite

^^Z? '^?^ ( R T O ? R l i ^ « l ^ t e
^ÎW I i£lRt?TO <>C?I4<1I? Rti R^«l ?sf??| ^
RT? 1^Rt? ^^f??1 ( R f W ^ R l f ^ ^^[US.

^ 1 cwn « K t i t i m wiroi «rfli«»i cifilim ft*
R^5=^
i I (TITO? Rii R t ? ? R ^ Rf?:s sjiêf ¥ ? ^ ^^r? I
^ I >il^wj<M^ ' R j T t ^ R i t ^ ?z:*u i i ? i ? l ? ^ ^ i - ( ? i ? ^ t ? ^ ' ^ ^ - ^ !
I UlfJI'^W m W t n ® ^ R W t ^ T [ t W - ? t ^ fcWT RT TO I
8 I RTt«il (Rt^^JTR ? s ^ TO ^ Wt^RI? Rlf^^ C$lfer5jl*l i ? W R W R W ?s?l ^ I
"Bltilf ^ r t l ^ ^ Cirf%f%tCR? a|^«tC?ttT RtR (^f'QRt
2<!iijjfvb4 vsiit^< iim c'it'Cviw ? t ?
i Rtv8?T? C ^ « H R«!l?l ? ^ * 1 ? W ? ' R T ? - C § R ? o - i Q '
RI?tTf? > H i < - ( ? ^
VS CS^lU R R - C ^ i Q
8 îSe? (7n?i?et)
îSe? va?jj|f^?.(MI<l^ .ii4ll<i|)
Contents
ml^K >llt«t S.W.G ^ ^ % 5 i ^ ! $ m R f ? ^
fif.Rit
'("box^bo) (?Tg f^g
X v5-bb-fX[gfX[S fX[g fX[g
v^ v^
v^ (S.oxJ»o) (?Tg f^g
X \b-vs(? fsig fsis
vSo-<?o ;(ÔxS>o) (Tfg fX[S
X^ fsfg fx[g
<?o-ioo W l t ^ T % C^?°v R t f t
?t
b^.tx^.(?8
vb v^
fx[g fsi8
K , gg ^ < c<rfl!%m ^silC'ir^ w f i n f ^ -n^:? '5rr< cefg '\mî:'4> ^ ^srtRi ca^ Rrt^twt?:^!
??3?It«f ^ ' f f e ^ I v5 I ^srtt^^ C«lt5i! •5Tfl?St
•vsN ( E a r t h i n g c o n t i n u i t y wire
f?f%^ 2<^jR)4 ^'tiTt? « t f t t W ^ R t ^ vsH V 5 ^ M CsltR Rtt^°S tW^cSlC^^ ?1R?HR? R f l ^
W t ^tRf TO I ^sm^ R<t<jfb^ vsR ? W I Rt1«t°S P<1<5FB^ ^TO? R t t ^ ,
C ^ T i i ^ ^ t ( d r o p ) ' « vstWZil? ^ t ? - t ? « ? ¥ ? R 1 TO I Rtf^t?, I ^ W ^ , tfttOT?:^ «
Rt1^°S •TO? Rl*tT C^tlRJW ?5X!FI^ vj)^ ^«Rt ?? 1
R t f ^ l 1 % R f ^ (Continuity) vsR?? >1I5w^ Ffti:^ W ^«Rt ^'K^ I
vsIRl? TO? Rttw i-C ? 4 1 ? 8 1 ? ^ I4?°V I^m^l^F™ TO? RttW ^-(J ? ^ 1 ? ^ I^? W
Rt I R K t ? ^mt? ^ 'To ? ^ 1?1W 9^ « ^Tl=l^|ijHi||iJ iô 1?1w 1 ^ R t t l ^ Ffti:^ (TTl^
^V3?t § ? 5 TJIJ I 5tn=wtRttWv5 ?t f i T O RtM°S 1 ? ? ? f ^ vsH f^RtW ?J?i5H ' ^ t ? ^ " ^ - ^ 4t«KJ
Rî^mtr TOR ^ 3 T l t ^ ^ T t ^ ^ Rt (Rf% Rt I RftflW? ? W t t vsR (7ft
Contents
tt*14iIa4jH R ? ? CSJpRR? cm TO f??f?f^ TO? W?J ?t C l K m ? ^SPTI?

<i<ii.\<\ W I TO ^m wmttRSt? <b-<j- ? » f 1 ^ 1?t5i?-><i? F i t : ^ w ^ I ^srrw
'illHtRtoi ^ ^ , TO ® ^ Rlt^ io ?^ 1 ^ -il??. n j m w i t ^ (TO ? t f t ^

^, TO fviPifviUw "5tc? I ( R i t o cm ^ w ^ w ^ '[«t^ \s ^
•^jsiRsTO t^?T?S(5lW <>i\î<!> I WttW? ^ 21% % ^ 1 ? ^ R ^ R ^ C T O I Rlt^»s
?#c^ ^ t ? i c ^ w i t ^ cvttic^'St afi% t % F n csTJRJ? w ? j 5c*i4c5ic^?] c?fw§rR o - ; i , cs^spt)-

'H^ C?H "^^STn 1^ m I R l t f l ? ' ^ "Qval? C ^ W i t l ? ? R t f ^ « . tC^RSîSt^ C#pgTW i o v Q ^ - > i i ^
c?^"5«?n^1B<!,?? I
( i ) R i t ^ i ctJ^ R « i ? i f t t t , (^) R t f « i ? . % 5 ( o ) RTf^'v R < i < ^ W I ? , (8) muwi, m t ^ . Rit.
T t t t , (^) ? f 5 c ? i ^ , ('I) w?^ « ? ^ ?s?5n? (V) 1RIR^, ?ifi VQ ti:is? c«fi?t i
fil'JIW ;i,.'l<J- - 2 ? ^ ^ vs W 5 1 ? R??I 2lC*Iiet^« ^t-l^llC*! ^ "^t??! vff n ^ W W I ? (<bo x v j j o ) CRS 1?8 x
vs-iv1^WR&i?R«f?i (<boxfeo) c^§1?? xvis-vs<j-i?g i?8 ^m^Tm ^^mm?!l^m\ R<?f?i c w i ^ ctf5

Rt^^TTO ^ ' R ? # C ^ I ' i l t CT^ Rf5^ . C R I ^ ° v % 5 ? ^ n r o i W I T O Rtt«I»s ^ R»Î?^n ?s1??t
^t^,l TO? ' t ? v^ ^ ?C«II W?«I >s ?5ii wn? ^ to ^tiR v9^°v Rll^ to ^t(RI vStTO
^ ^ w?^ 'Q ?ni w i t ? « V ^ ?i1^ ?i?t't^ to ^ 5 t ^ I V& Rcw flsra^
R i t R t t t ^ R R t ^ ^ t C ? I ?f^ cm\ R?? C?^%m C?Pl Rt?t Rt? I TO v^ t l t c i ?
R C ? J Rit? inlRRt »tvst^ 1^Wlt?t ? l t o I Rlt^fl-vg *n1? to C<lf^JlR ? 5 l ^ R t t W I Rll^?,

9\«^ m, Rl1^°v % ? 5 ? R^n Rll!RIt " ^ ^ T to ^tiR I ^ ^ i t T O Rtt^'v ^ t o ^ I
^SfH PlC?>^ R|I¥B
RTf«i frcw? R i # 5 c a ; ^ in?5i^ R)vnit>i-?w c m ? ^ R t f ^ k ^ r ^ R?R ^ 5 t ^ f ? f ^ ?J1??T

7f#5c^ 1?*iw?^ w ^ 5 t c ^ ? ^ ? 5 ^ TO I m^ 9rum R I I ^ c g r o c^n?^ R t f ^ ^
sRsfl? ?vs RWit R i f W I ) R ^ J ^ R l t ? r ^ f ? f ^ ^ ?%n P i C ^ S f C 3 T O ? R ( R t W ^ ?nt?s I
^5ft^ PlC^ ( 3 T R R ? R ^ R
Pic4^ C 3 ^ R ^ tn?«m l^^ttR 1 ttf?

?C?J cBt C?f%§Tm, i ^ ° v TO I WfCWI?
TO^ RC«U R ^ <3 RT® RTC^ I
Contents
TO^ si?#5 7m m<imL<^ «iw I W l cir® c ^ R t t R t

t^m RT? ^ % wj vii^st^ Rif^t&?i Rszn Rs3?nt ?#?n <?T?I I. W'^R RT^'^ TO[% srîfl^
T j t C ^ T O l (R R t ^ %n CSft? TO* 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ R I % f ( R t TO* R 1 ^ ÎJRm (RR 1
« ? 1 R 1 R t f ^ % n R l ? ( R H ? ( R t ? ?nC?* 2 f ^ l t l ^ ^ 5 t C ® R H R ? l I ^ 'RC'RI^ tow R # 5 I 'iltt^ v f l ^ C ? R t ^ % S l t R R l 5ICl5<!»JU'to % o l t R ! t ^
cm v S R ^ 1 ? ^ S l R RtZRin ? s ? l ^ I ( R s ^ îll®? ^ t ? ! v ^ l ^ . ^ . t o Rl? PtSjaW Rit? ^ T l ^ ^ t R I
PiSjaW-^ TOt^ RT? I R t f ^ R i t ? R T ^ R ^ t.^flR.^.f? ^ ?#?T TO I 'RT?TIR?S R # ? W ? I
vso 1 ^ i£)nH?T? *£|?^ t ^ F l t ^ ooo i f l J l H * l l < 5 lil? t . ' J S R . l R . f ? R I ? t l ? ^ ^ R l TO^ I t ^ o.ovs
C>IC-»C<b? W ^R ? s ^ TO I R I T O f?t%^ TO? ??T- 4 0 A . 6 3 A C?f5?,-vS? t . v i l W . ^ T . f ?
( E . L . C . B ) RI^Rt R l ?I -
—So
Contents
WtC^Î^ NQ^rf^j^^ (^.tRcGSfe.fR)

ARMATURE WINDING (A.C & D C )
^SRTCSFM ^^T%? ( A r m a t u r e I n d u c t o r ) S T^TT?

8
5 ? i vît ^RFW^ tÎS? (Rife C§to'I?IG? W , ? ^ ^
(Turn) S ^ Rl W?3slf^ TOR CÎTRRs # i t ^ Tfo-ÎNN W t
vsl^lW t°vCi1«^C^s ^ ' ? W I
C?ra l5T*f { E n d T u r n ) 8 ( R ^ 'Si'f, iTTt ?I (Ttt ^ ' = f ?

mz^m t w i t ^ fRtW-cq ^?I?tn w t 5 ? I RTC^ BDC-v^?
AE (TT® .
^RSFBH { A r m a t u r e Coil) i ^jt Rf WCWl1?<15 TO?

^^TSIRC? (R W # 2wtf? ?sf?Rt *IIWbl<] l?i::5? RltJJ RRFH "5?
t r o t R n n ( R f ^ WtW5t? ? ^1
RSOTRlftvS (Coil side) s *iiiV|t)M 4C?JC^<1RT^ R T O ^ ? ^

^Rt^RÎ ?t^ ^?t^ % 5 ?tf|? WT ^ TO I f
% 5 (Coil Lead) s^^Km RTtt? ^ «
•5rt<TO w?3R % 5 ^mroi ^ v < ) ^ 4(:?jw<^ R?jn
^?IRtnwt?T?II
W R R a|5R ( Coil group) ? ^f)^ RT ' ^ ^ ^ ^s^R ^ i t o

vi]?si3I R?IRin WTIR5 : ^ 5 ^ S J 5 ^ ? W 1 RT^ CRtR SWff? ^ t e
R f ^ ?5f??lT TO ^
Contents
CffS RtpfrtR ( E n d Connection)? ^. 1r *4(l«bl«^ ^^m^ R ^ f t e ^ (R^?n ^ I m¬
bI -Û^ R^CTW, I '5l?37n*t, o I (7PW R«JI?n*t I
(>) RtiWtR (Coil c o n n e c t i o n ) ? v£F^
?sw9T R?iRtt <n?n
(^) fii»«f RS,WTR (Group C o n n e c t i o n ) ?

vil^sflJ 4 « W < 1 ^ ^SRI iflPFl^ W ? m 4 ^ 1 ? R ? I t
R'sWlt W i w t '£M RW 1
(>a) R?JRfR (Phase Connction)?

cm vgRttl^?. R R l 1 ^ (7FW <3U)5fe^-v5?
R f 5 ^ R ? . ^ ? # R t 1^-(7FW 'e?tt%«. vflWI ^
' s m t c®%t m w t n ?s%i c^m w i
'««I^Q>?, f*t^ ( W i n d i n g Pitch) 8

<>(.m^ ^ « i i ? ^ i j i i ^ w l w?isr '=»frR ? t w ? i r (2fi
? W I RHt fif<R?I ?TRt «?ft%°s 1 ^ Rlfl?
wt Rf?II CRSH-tCR^Pf^WtR M t , v£l^«s
v s ? l t % ? . 1 ^ a t 5 ? = ^ R's'^fn + CRIR R^-^ 1

<3?nt%«s1% M t = bvoo X cRfî R?.'»m X <3?it%»s 1 ^ + R^'^ ^ 7i»:?tn i
<3Wtt%?.1^ = >QTnt%«.1% B * X R 1 ^ t t l f < + RÎ;^ IS^ RtRTI I
C t t ^ fRl5 (Pole Pitch) S R t W ^ -^3? Csrf& CRIR R?.Rri? tsf^RI^C^ C R H 1 ^ I
CS11T5 a? R ^
CRIR 1 ^ (Pole plch) = '
CRR R??IIt
•'^1%? (Pitch factor) S ^Rtt%«s1% ^ CRt^T 1^RM ^RI^Si:^ 1 ^ W t ? I
vSRttt^s 1 %
f^?5nsjlBC5lf1 vflTO? ^'IRt? ^Rlt%?r^ f^T 1 ^ RC^T, R t ? "#i
1 % W t ? i l W i l ? C?H Rt W ^ TO <3?Tt1^Î^'SJltlR 1 ^ ^ ? l t % ? . R ^
Contents
C?pRs t C R ^ ® ^ R ^
"^Û^ ^Rttfe^ ( C h o r d e d Windiiig)
^5rtw5H «Tntt^»v-va? 1 ^ m^ m ^ w ^tc^r ^ 1 ^ '<3?rft%^ w i ? m r t I ^

^'^R >aWW (Rpr ^ W ^ vsl^lco T'v «r?lTt%^ ? W I RT?I? ^ ' ' R 1 ^ w t ? âww
W ^ «RTt%?, Rcn I
IRCW Cnrm « ? f ^ < ( s i n g l e l a y e r Winding)
ÎTOTPI? 3?tB? ?l«P l i j ^ W W?j5T TOT «Rlt%°v WT
•5? WR? (RRf? ^W^X ?TR I RT?T?
*|Hj«l4? ?Rt ?1? ? W « % IJ^ WI? ? W I ?tl?T
t3TC5R (RRI? « R t t % ° ^ ^ I
W I (?lRtR «?rft!f^< (Double layer Winding)
vSllCiibT? I?C5? RT:?I R « R W ? S : ? R RI?I «?Ttf^t
WT W WtR WT5K^ W I <R?T? 'QRltt^?, R W I R<n'i,
?W8lw RK^ ?5I3I5T W I '(RRR 'QRftfe^
v S R ^ ^ (Windin.gJ
m?¥T? Sr5? R : « P 1 ^ ? W T t ^ TO WI? Sj-ÎWIC^?
0?Jl5Rs^ ? I R I *IIWbl< >QRTt1^t R?T'Tv5 ^ Sf^-
?<2fT- i I ^TITR ^ R l t t ^ l (Lap winding) I
^ 1 ^ZWS «JnltR>°v (Wave winding) 1
3TT?T?«tW f®. Î->a? ^ ^ ^ t ^ «Q?lt%«»^ C?f^ ? T ? ^ ^5?^?! TO I va.i^T ( R l ^ (^S^m (^m

ÎÎÎW 0?I?f^?®Î «Ii<^v* ^[t?TTOSI
(RSI?- b I 1Pf5 v8?lt%t (Flat loop winding) i
^ 1 W J f ^ ^ « ? l t 1 ^ t ( C o n c e n t r i c winding) i
o I ?1>IC*B «S?tt%«. ( B a s k e t winding) i
8 1 C5t? ORltfev ( C h a i n winding) I
(t I ?S5JCR^ C5T^ « ? l 5 f ^ l ( C o n c e n t r i c c h a i n winding)

^ 1 wm^T® « R l t % i ( D i a m o n d winding) I
Contents
Ob*!
b 1 »f5 ^•f «e!ri^^ s iPit ^ 1 ^RTtfei-vfi? w?iR©^ TO
W ? i 5 r © t o s ' Q W R i RiT^ ? s i 3 ?t I Ri«mr«fw rirbi 'aTHtf^^-ig? (IÔT
«mc?<i v8?nt%^ w t ^ TO I
v£i?5 R<?r?f 1wR (jm csff^jm rwm

TO51 Iw? ? t mf^ w?n?ra c^s^f?^ /
vippt f ^ f ^ #xrR^ I
(RHt?
fC? R^W ^ t ? I
(RRi? la?^ ^
v£l^ R T O 5
c?t?t?
RfWiR ?|#?rl
(?T'?iT?i, w i t
TO
wrro
vflR'vi
id
? 1 T O i 5 « R l t % ^ R i ? r i vflW W ' 9 R l t % l ? l t w 5 ^ ? t l • Basket winding for a 48-$l6«. 24-coil. tli SI*.
81 «?r^^ i (R 'QRitt^t-vfl? ^dîin;

l^rw ?1 C5tlR? R® (RRt? WITOS CSt^^
<3?ltf^t R t R I i ^ ^ s t R f t l W W ? I R ^ ?I?5t?
W t T5tw ( 3 t ^ R® ( R R i ? W i t t r o
«RR C?8f C B t ^ f « R t t t ^ ^ R C ^ l i f l R t R T R R R»R
îtt^ ?RRsi îc? 7n?I W ^ W I T O ^ (R3?
C5t?«Rlt%tRiRl
<t! ^hcrRJ* c i ^ : vat mm <3Wi?
RRR ?sf?Rt TO51 vat « R l t % t « WP?f^?5 vs^ntfel-ifl?
R W t I f?*rt? C 5 t ? 'SRtt%«.-vfl? tQ«Jtv6 lilt <3?lt%t Wt
^tRt TO I vat iw?f& <3 f w s # w)R-?t^
fPW (RTOt *t*Jli^ I Rf®r? W S R e s f R va<I5t TTTtrw

1^1W5^W?TOs1^^^s^ ( ( ^ ) R T O t ^^?ll^ I
4» I -mm «irf^^ 8 «at mm «Rtt1%?,-va? ( R ^ r°VR t i ^ v

?W (TI'Srt? I
Contents
i l ^ Rt*t''ntc?i(?mi ?T?i t
(^) mm ^(.mL^- ^^tfitt $«ii*icT3«9 w t ?i?i i
(o) wrsws «?ntt^t. t? ^ 'fl?^ 1 ? ' t ^ ? ^ c#mt«i cm\
(8) (?PR owitlî Ri?i*t TO R t c ^ c s R n ^ w t ?T?l i
«?) iflt 'SRfttî c§TB?i-isra ^ t T R t -mm ?5?n ? t t ^ TO V^ri'V (?i (?p|5t *tî1w^ R^r?t*t w t r w i
(-b) T5t?iR® «-?nt%«.-vsra w a R (R cw^ (RfîR? w : w n T O TO ia?it?[tc« « rr?

W T O i
)biiivi«» veRttt^vvflta R«i?nt R ^ i ^ R?«TTt?n ? j r ^ R^prna R«j?tn (?fQ?n ntti:^ TO i
'WW?
5Tt«n?j«p® i ( p c s i t e i ? t t ? i w ? i R - -^stfrn^nflk^RSPT-•^si
^ va \3
"Snttk w?rT= X ~ = 81^
^8
8
?Tf^'9?Ilt1^-TIH = i ^rc5 ^
» ^ " <?
^ XCTO? R ^ vsbox^
Contents
'^\L^bH mf^K (va.^f. m 1w. f5f)
'JSRli W?PT ( R t ? <3TITt%^ J>o° (R?l«I ^ ' H ? s t o I TO ^ t w «-?nt%»v
Rl4^= = OI
^^w?n^ 8 Ri wd> ^nl^^ ? s c q 5 r ? s t o
CTllJCflR t^*fR ^ Rl?)
C'tfTJ CVlUC?< ® W (R?P « ? f ^ ^ (TRF? ?SC?IR RS.'SR ^«?I I RSTgef ^ J ^ ^ ^najm
R ^ ^R1R!R? a r a i ^ TO I
«tt^ C*rtW R^RTt R 1 % ?«^?1R >pr-
^ •^W?/(:W ,Rl^ vsfe1^ R ^ 8 t CRIR)
v5b + 8 = 5> 1^ <PC«<n I
W?J5T = C ^ X CRIR m'«in

( O - C ^ 0«s 5f5 W?IR 8-CRlR CRfB?)
= o x 8 = i^t^?s^sj5*t I
^•f R^RJTS "fl^st R*C1? ?smRSlR R ? R R ? (>lRc«&f R«ZRI»f ? ? ? ^ I 4 K f ? ^C?JR
R^.'sm^ CRft? ? S O T ! ? ^??fn H-?5m-sPC'RR^în I

(v»l»f&?WT 8 C^)
W ? 5 I / ^ = \34j+(8xo) I
= \»!» +1.^ = of^ <PC<I«1 I
?5CW R?ZRTt ? 5 t o ?tW I
^ f t ^ R S O-Cfm lR?i:tR C^fRI? ^ 8 S * 8-CRIR. Csrf&iR? f 5 ? R ? to C?>S?{ ^ I
RRt?tR lR?m C5l?T? CRfB? v 8 ? t t % » v ? 5 t o ^5tlR Cilll5C«J<5 ?SGH IJ* ^??s^ t Î
b I ?sc?? R'vin = a* ^t?in x -
b
= ^8 X b^1^?5r?iRi
Contents
^ I w ? R •spf = c*nw R?Rr( X (?pw R i i n
= 8 xo =
^8
8 I Cm9^ = — = V5j± i '
csriSc?? «?ntiî ?sc?jR bô** v f l T r c ^
(TPS? = (?-?»v5n5-iii
w ^ (TPW = ^la^-vfi 1
<j?rtwR cRfs? ^-ÔTf^t^^ ' H ^ ^ t R t ^ t ^ to CR
i I CW\ m\4 'ifll? <Tlto<! t I < J W ? , . W t ^ ^TiTo R t C ? I Gm—'S-Cm, ^ - ( ? P W , 'Sji?!^ i - ( 7 F W 1
^ 1 < R f 5 ^ ( ? w c?fte? v5f&i R i w r a 1 ^ ( 1 ^ < n t o -^j^ I c ^ -
(?s) t^lc^'Sr ( V o l t a g e )
C^t) C?m-'l?«in ( N o . o f P h a s e . Itp o r 3 (p )
(1) ^ * t t ^ ( H o r s e P o w e r . — ( H . P ) o r Kw)
(?) flfC<>i«'^ ( F r e q u e n c y )
m Rl?. 9\. vfl? ( R . P . M )
(3) >iirP#r?n? ( A m p e r e )
m (Rf5j?? ?°v ( M o t o r No.)
m t ' ^ l R R ? cg^ (jJTE ( I n s u l a t i o n G r a d e )
(?r) ?sK??Wl? ( t r a «I??1 C^) ( C o n n e c t i o n Y o r A)
Contents
Ol «Tnt%»NCRiRi?'jiR«?it1^»s^1^t^?ito^!^
(?) -^m %
(®) ( m t ? R«t?i W T ^Rftfe^v I
8 1 «?iit%i c M t ? T? ^ "mm 9 ^ ? n t o i?tw i cwr

(?5) ^T?R?t R T t W
(«T) ^ ^ / ^ ^ ^»v^
(?) 'ilTT^t'RIT? fet!
(?5) sj«n?i a i ^ ^mt^ R55?# t ' ^ ; ^ ! ^ crrt? ?>ii$c^ •^tw i
ct) WI?-?? ijz?? ^sc?i5! 3^^111^ ^ ^ s ^ 2v5?i# •jjfi:? ^ ? i arB? tt(:*ii w w s l ^ n5'c^
(»t) 4«C«1<1 *tid RWI? f ? 5 ^ ?I?I ^^WCTJ^b ? 5 % n to 55tt^ I
(?) w t ^ p ? r ^ ?i?i (TPW <ii«*n<s ^«Rs ? # ? ( to ^?tr? I
(«) ? s t ? R 8 t o «r5?T§t R«i?m to ^5tc? i
(3) «?Tt%«v ?i?f ?#fn to !
m ? T % ?s?1 « ? t t % » v ' ^ ?!?{aawi'StW R?I?T»T ? s t o I (tl? (?S%I)
(^) CTni? ?i?i cwiBc?? f g m R m I ^ ^ j w ? s t o ^5t^ t

(?f) ^5tf5 (RRiw ? s t o Rtc? I
{ ^ ) C?^ « ^ (Body) R??T W (iB% ? 5 t o I
it) R?T^ ?#?T? toif^ f f ^ ? s t o ^[t^ I
<i) i ?if?*f to ^5tc? mx citi'Bw? t ' i j i R * ^ M f ^ j w RT?T? ? s t o '^c? i
(C?f5? «t?? W I T ? cBt ?s?T Sf5<^)
I f%?f1^'v i f t ^ ? s t o I
V I R ^ C ^ (7Tf5? Rt"C?T®R ? # ^ vQ^»v?T^
—Si
Contents
vsRfif^^ R t s i ^ w t P m
b i •smum wra ( S u p e r Enamelled Wire) I
^ 1 w i ? ! 2w?n1? C?lt?? ( Wooden Bobin) I
v51 mm ?l cfrsr ( w a g e ) I
8 ! cm^lmm. (Cold Chisel) I
(? I ^ N I W (Ball peen hammer) I
^ I (Malet) I
<=i i ? p t o * R ?fmi^ (Combination Pliers) I
V I " J F l t T O ? a^ % I ( Fiber slote drill) i
ii> I ' ' f H I ? ( Spanner) I
bo I (Scissor) I
b b I ^ - v g t « m tScrew driver) I
b^l (7f*1? ( Center punch) I
bo I i j ? ? T ( Knife) i
bo ! (7f5T?r t w r # (Coil setter) I
^ ^ t f t i v o vQetTQCf t^(:i^fi5°v T R l k "^•sRi I ?«n-
b I TTTI^^ •5<3"?n
b 1 (.sp\ ( Press Board) 1
I csTH -^TR (Press Pan) I
o t <5T?^ Ctm? ( Leather id Paper) 1
8 I -fpi^^ra (Fibre) I
Contents
a I (Rt^ c^^m ( R o p e P a p e r ) i
<b I ? l t ^ (Mica) 1
^ 1 •sTft^ c^m (Mica Paper) 1
V I m^ m (Mica Cloth) 1
I ifiTraf^Wra 'STI'i ( A m p e r e T a p e ) 1
1 0 I lifftPnîm 1 ^ (Ampere Tube) I
11 I varRPmm^? ( A m p e r e C l o t h ) I
i;^ I ^ (Cotton Tape) I
io I^ t w i # (Gotten Thread etc.) I
w m
Csrf5? <3?ntt^°v-vfl? ^ t^W^tl^ R l t ^ o-o<2- CSRRS Ci-oo ^t?! I ^^t Wf^
'^li^C'ii'ifvil^M <3 'Qim WV i 1 ? ? i t w t ^ t ? i TO 1 viit <3?n? mm TO I W -
c^twi
«c?r^ R m R R 8 f r a m % t w T
<m^m wt? 3?c5? "XRJo t | F T O wt? «(t??t ?t8r?t? w?j ^«r?t C5if5? "#r?r? w t c? ?frj1% 'jl^ ^
'iJ? ?f!R W I ? « 1 ^ - ? t ^ ?ff5? ^ C ? f 5 ^ TO? R5Xt ^SZ?1*t ?1 ^ t ? t ?T? W R W R ? T ? ^
W t ^ l
?tf2(t«r? a f c R r ^ ^ w r
$w<^,I5<>it5t c?f»f?, tf??Rsn? <3 $CT15<îiffT (TiPtiR ?f?t ?Tf?»f w t JI*18 ^ra ? i t ^ ^ tm- w wr csni?? ^ ^ r r ^ ?rfff??i

w r w?m wt?R? ^ ^ ?i 1
"^ti^*!!^^ 8 (Rife >QTIlt%?#?R 'ra Rlf?^ <R*STIR t^T^Tlt^'v (Rtittim ^ TT? I
«rr<N8 ( R T ^ >aRft1^ ?TtRR WT ? ! ^C^T mm RI«JI ? ^ ?TtWt ?T?-?T^ RTTOT 'rf?^,^

TO I R1WR7R Wf^l <11??I?5T W 5 T t ? t ^ I Wf^l I l ? ? 5 ? ?f1*rt2n« »S?ltf«?. R t ^ l W ^
RTtio TOl
(R!fR^sTt«T8 5^c«in5°v1%wi, Rtgwi. <i#Ts g?i, ^1%^«n « f ? ^ a r r o ? i i w B ^ ^!t<:^ ' S R t t f e s
wwi ^^s%n TO51 ,
Rtt^CiT<3RtR * m f w
CVIlUfJC'* ^îgWT^J^ ? # R m ?T1?R (R'SRI? 'JiiRt boo** ? t 7 ® boo** (R^J^ ^ WTIRM?

^ R*T R?% ? 5 t o ^5tC? I OTO? >II$W? t-^ Wl«Wiail W^)
Wl?'!? CSjfS^ WfrnWI 8o<> (7Tf*5£l75 «llPl« ? I ^ WR ^^s^n to va?»s RTRMR (Rife
R l t o ? TJi:?J f R t t l R t wm ^ r WT?f? RIWIR ?1?1 ilgi ? 5 % 1 RT?T? *t?TI ?s1|rT '9??tc^ I
t w l ^ ^ (SJT® B R ^ Rl1?R ^[^5? boo<> (7TR?I?t¥. ^ ^-o ?*T ?f??I «:^Plt^ I
5«1_WH (32t^ FRiJvfltft, v a l ^ Rlf?R ?s?I W I b(?o<>c 1 ^ WTW?!? ? * I «#?T

«?sTt?« ^ 5 t ^ I .
t ^ l R « R (SJHS C ^ « ? l t o ? ? ? ? ? ^ lRft?s^ ^ I W R r t . ^ l R . bTro°C CRFBtfJC^ b - i o ? * I ?i??T
^ Q R f ^ ^ ?st?5l'?^5?tft ?!fiiRtR • l ^
^ ^ W ^ R?#TW «RTt1«l ? s m ?5?T^ ?5?T ? r a -
b I T R : W RTTOT ?st?R £WT^ I
I W l ? TTtTOT ? S 0 W &®?t1? I
Ol ^ ( R ^ RTt^ R^5?tft ?SC?IR 2W?|1? 1
^ T O ^ I R ^ R ? ^?TtW R^?lf! ? O T 2Wlt?? to (R«?T ^ -

i I 90t -STniT? RfC?5T ^ ?5Tci? (RTTO? § 1 ? ? T t ^ <^Gi(.^^ F l 1 ? f ^ ? ? i - C f f ^ tR«T
to ^5tt? I ((RTC^fe ^?Tt^ o o (?Tt*tR5T? xô <R81?8)
^ I cRfWR? >\\^m ^ ^ •sn;?! r j f TO ^ ? R i t ^ ^5tw v a ? » v ^
i?Tt7;wî:?i
Contents
o I (Mm c? ( R n ? ?5cfra - ^ t ^ ^m^^ mm ^ Rffei ^f??i ^ Rfto? Iwt
81 snRTw% ^îR w n : ? ? I t ^ r ^ t r ® w r ? ^^rlfet r w i w t « ? t t t ^ v 4«=in5 w t w t i : ? ?ftf??t
f ^ ^ t c ? I
<? I wT?i? ijtf^ ^ ^ll^r?! ( R t ^ (3P? ^ 5 t w « ? t t f a " v ( ? # f r w - 5 $ ^ I > f i t w f ^ « ? t t 1 « ° v ?5i:?iR
2 w s # ?sj?c® ? t i R I
2 J ? W (RIT^t v £ ) ^ R ^ ^ 1%t CsrfBlR? a t B ? •sn:<J ?5^!R5I t % 'BT^^rtft ^ r ? ? s % 1 ^ R t C ^ M>
1?§ 1?g ?sf?Rt ? f ^ ?s1?Rt R t R 1 ? ^ ^?tC? I W I ^ Tsrtl 'ST^Rlft' vS?ttf9°v W t 2W?tf? ?sf??t ^ «?ltf9°v
W t ' s r ^ R f f -^RtW? Wt? 9m ?siRR 2^s?lf? ^^1?US : ^ t T R I ^ ?s:?'?l^ (Rtl3c<I«1 ^ZS^ ?^*U ? R t t ? t
t f ^ ?st??t T ? t ^(R, ^ C5r5 ^ ? ? t ? ^ ^ ? t ^ f w t I T f ^ ' -^pI??!? 1 ? mm?^ ? 5 ^
R ? ? t ?'5 ?st?Rt ^STFJlsi W M S W t ^ ? s ^ ^ j ^ t W I
0<it|w»
Contents
w ^ R ^
W ? 5 I WURl? R ^
<i*iww <ijRt ate? Rc«u 2fon^[% m«i? « Ritc^ ^^ywiJ? ^nft? *fm< ( R i t ^ ,
C S R T ? , ^ZS^ C * J f t ? ) ? R l t ? T 1?U5 I mm 1 ? C? acB? ^ * ( J ? R l t C v 5 CJt
*t«*ifi} ^ 5 W T O R t t ^ ? ^ wuR ^tcvs Rt^K?J 8/(^1^ ? ^ ^ ^srfts acB?
R t * U <>ilXCv!) «il?i«m ?tte C ? , v51? CT? tîm? C*fTO? W5fWTatB?^?f?t
Rt ^ I ac8<l ^ * J J w r a ?3ilt.Cva ^sj^Mt W ? ^wt ac8<l •511*0 ?>iitt« I
Contents
0^1
E E
"bF"
151:
CIE
[±E
vc-
CM]
"gel
Z R
Contents
Contents
mrnm "Q^f^x ( 4 . f R . f^. ft)
—8^
Contents
c ? f R ^ tc«i"*IIa'*)l«i
CM
I
•Q:
3 N ?
5 to
"IT
5
"5^
I
00
I
"2R
I
IT
00
II
16- IS
M
i <
3
<
n.
t
00
I
II
I
00 I
!
I
1^. [* 1
•9
i
fe
n
'4
1^ f
Contents
« n r s f i ^ vsRit^^ {^.K m ^ . ft)
1 CN
^ y")
a:
00, I
IS 0
Contents
Contents
^tcsfera 'sRitt^t (>4.R >ii« fe. ft)
Contents
Contents
mu^m 'Qm^x ( o q . f t . i i « % ft)
i
o
II
00
II
IS
Contents
Contents
«nÛ^ >Q¥ltf^?. {Afi\. <£i^fe.ft)
—80
Contents
(Rft?s tw«^S<^JM ?TRW
Contents
m s f ^ v s R i t f e l (vij.ft, m fe, ft)
II
II
H —
Contents
08 o (Rft^ tW4'Il3<MM RC«1W
Contents
Contents
3
5-
9¬
00
I
IS
Contents
^ n ^ H ? <3¥ftf%°s ('A.^l. v^-Q fe. ft)
Contents
088 C # I ^ ti!?T^^WR R ^
Contents
CO
I
—88
Contents
Contents
08 «\
Contents
0 8 b-
Contents
Contents
C?fR<|S t p w t ^
Contents
oca
( C o n d u c t o r ) § ?It«R?#^ 2t%ft f l t ^ l f t W T O W i f e ^TÎ I ^
(Turn) 1 ^ ?T W l W l f e WI? ftto W1^ ClFltm C? ^^C?^ 2of? W W Wt^
?R:?f5r (coii)g WI? w ? f t ? t c? d a ? i ^ ? R i ^ w i T O t ?5(:?i5! ? ^ i
C*iHf*f5 ( P o l e p i t c h ) ? sriw c n R R ^ ? ! ! ! w n a ? ' ^ ? ? T O ? Î ?5^5Tfe t j ^

CIM 1?!^ C T R t % = b V^=«l5l^ ?5^5Ttg I
; ?Tt?jf»f5 ( B a c k p i t c h ) ? fe.ft ^lldbW o?ltf^°v -a? ?rsitfe ? I ? ? I ? ^ t ? t TO I m ? T O ?
i9<ii|l<j (R (Rsp <ii(:?iM^ c»t? sffs i ^ t c ^ •?WQ^ it??Ttt ^5^m ?#?!"sm? ^ w n ^ ?n^
^ \ ?irî5TOYb?t?ff^f^WT^.i . •
(Front pitch)? fe.ft ' T O T O ? m i ? "5? I WITWI? â? C? Cm 4WW<1 C*t? Rm

^ « t # (Rn? vfl?5t^ 4C?1W<1 ? W © ^ ' n ^ ? # ^5t%3FSI ? # ? I >5ng R ^ ? l t l a i w ? ^:frf|w
?3?lt6^,Wlft?I ^ WITO3 R i ' s T O I P * 1 % ?i?Ti tJ[I « ? t t - Y f ?I?I 9^?s?T^ 1
( t o ^f?QlR (R«?I !
ttnp f)|CF?i f i n
?5RIC5^ ( C o m m u t a t o r p i t c h ) ? <il?# ?5r?nR? ^jtl^ 2n>3 TO^ ^ £11^ ijtl^ (R

CR?tW*-(iI? Rf5W >T°v"5^ ? 5 ? t ^ ( R t (R^CVIC^^ tj^^^W ^ÎjtSfe ? ^ It T O Y c ^
W 5 ? i '
fR v S ? l t % l ( F u l l p i t c h w i n d i n g ) ? îlt mm vQ?ltfe^vfi, <3?lt%^1*f5, CRPI 1R5
Contents
«iWP|\a v s r ^ ^ (Progressive winding)? <R-Q^ntfe^-^vfl? R m ? ? f*m
RUfilWPl* « i n t % ^ ( R e t r o g r e s s i v e w i n d i n g ) ? C? ^?ntfe^>«? RWR? ^*psFt f « f ^ I
^ R v3 « c ? r » «¥!tfe?,-^
<si?nt%iRi?^ ? 5 ? t
îwm
^ 1
»m*t « i n | % ^ (Lap winding) ? 1 ? R ? vfjcsp ^*Rn?)5 « ^ 5m*f

WTTO W ^Ritfei ?i?n
(i) f5TC*w
« t n t % t t t S W ? , R«n-
ÎTfl (i) ft^tr^ «RTtfe^ (simplex lap winding). (^)
R#5t?ra «mt « ? i ^ i (Multiplex l a p winding): "^^^^ ctm, ^-c?ra(«(Rsmigpira «!ntf%i I
*iTT*r «?it%w ^ mf^\-'£p?i mfâm c*fm te? ' f i H "5tw liR
f»fl|PI? ^t?^^ ?S5I Rt (Rft,-5tW I
vsRitfei ?w I <3intfe^ RimTRiw Rt%R S-ic?m ôintf^^« TOf^ >8?ntf^^ RjmiRtw Rif^
1" -M" H-
^ - C ? r a a S-^TT^ 'QRltfet RTtfR^fW <j«J*|st W ^Tl TO (R?? (?R-CWrC^ ttg-ColC^Canl

«Jj<J^N t t R f RTiRS I TRl%?r^ «:5rft%? -â? C^CS tjvouft vQ?nttî I I N M I W R f f r o v5W«ft
<>îcis'5y_jci3l5t! R T O 3tR ' R ^ ? s t o vaR^ c^R^n^ctra aiR
Contents
^ I CRM R°v^ ^ i w b i ^ >s?rit%?i^ ^s.T?n « r t w f ^ I
w?iRR??ni =
CRM R??tn =
wife^?.'«in = b ^
Z+2 24 + 2 26
Y = = 13 P = (pair of poles)
2xP 2x1
24-2 22
or, = 11
2x1 2
^^Wt?. Yb = bO ilRl Yf = b b (C-2fR2l^!« ^Rlt%?J
(fWi? to (SH N + Yf = b + bO = b8
mm to (2tt (b + Yb) = b+bO = b8
(f?8 5S N = 1 for simplex winding)
^Tms vQRftfe^ ( W a v e W i n d i n g )
(?j vs?ft%^ 0^ ?! ^r?r5 î<Mw<! wTTO <3TR« vs¥itt%^?pr I lilt 'Q?tti%V'ira sn^
CRM f*l3 TO I
«IH4tlR<J» C W l RTlt v8 v8C?r5 vSTTltf^îil?
cwt cm *n<?si ?it I ^•spRis^-iii?
RiTRKt? cûnt tt?T TO I «c?r5 vs?it%^va
CRM ^tCR iib-o° r® W9ft«, <>CilW<1 ^tf^ % 5
f?iftw cîtsn:^ '^fJm^ 9m i •b c r h
tt^ ~ ^?.R ij?^:^ Rttitr® ttc? «f«ft'^ i i ^ o °
RtRltcw ^tc? b- CRM ^

o
cm^
—8<^
Contents
Contents
mi
Contents
33)
1
I
o
op
1II
.1
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ r f ? 9 r
^ - ^ ^ ^ h ^
Contents
I 6 I 7 1^8 1 1 ^ 2 I 3 14 I 3 ,
T
-B
<^T—i2Kl>-T—u-(4>-T—le-Ki)
.„ ^ » ? " °f entiie vmature is wound before Ew loops
Steps in winding the coUs of a n i n e ^ t armature.
Contents
^ttifbiwî 2tfw Tift <£i^ -^^m -^mm Rit® RRit?T întfî r«1< w r? tow
ftwR (?nn? ^?ft%?,RCR I
^ ? f t 'fiiiwbw iiRnf*i?5 «îwwiit«i <3?nt%^ w t ^ TO
i I t ^ f t s Wttî:® (Ya) = (Yf) + (Yb) Rl ^ T O I ^ ft5 Yav= • r = ^ ^ ^
. • Z ± 2
Î 1^ R 1 ( R C ^ ^^C^ TO I O 1 % =—
+ <52fR?tft^ «Rttt^?,
- %5r52tft^
Z = RIWFR W ? l ^ RT^ R'v^lTt
P= C'nRR??^
^TRw «Q?ntt^?.^ ^ ??w? TO I ?Ri-(b) ft^?ra «?nt%i.

(^) RT^?m «?ntfîi '
R l f ^ ^ m ^TRo «Rlt%ViiI? C^Fm toll ^tiR-
Z±m
> a w t ^ lR5 (Yav) = —
>aTO z = w?RR? i t ^ Rt?m I
m = (ft'Il'ra ' Q R t t ^
m = 8 (^-C?m ^Rlt%«J
m = ^ (^-C?I^ ^Rltt%^
P = CRR R??in
9^ «TR® ^Rttfe?, ^ ? R ? ^ R l ^ f53I (R^RI ^t»T-
a ^ R?.'«ITI= bo, (?T*tl?I^ R«?Ut= bo

bo b
C ' n R R i ^ = 8 , c r i r 1 ^ = — = o - ai5,
8 8
b
8 ^ .
Contents
Contents
COMPASS NEEDLE
00 ® 0 0 0
cRife ?7rn?Tt mm ^m
"sr:*ij fe.ft Ri?nt ^ftm,
^^fe? I R ? , W f ^ t ^ , TOS I B
R l ? ? f ^ ^ RiWtn^t?! TOC
^ttc? RI I ^<ri«> - T O R ^t^ft

^R?c?m"5tTOi
CmB^ "SflsiJ A. ft ^«R1 fe. ft R i t n t to ^
f-i§Ttom ' R ' T O ? w.iii « i t o ^lit^ f--îtwm

RIW«t ?s^, TO 'StW Clllira^ 1 ^ ^ T O I ^
"Wm^ ?l*U f?W«t <is1|?n TO TO CRRlt^ft
1 ^ R t t I ^«n«> TOw*R ^ t r o I
•î I ^ a ^ o i t ^ t o ? R ? fe. ft cwrcîiw ifiro

o I ftto? cm CRifeR W R T O Rl'iRtn
¥ ^ ^ 5 t l R I
' 8 I ?nttft?! cfiiRl^ C R i k ? ? Ui W ? T O R?pnn
49c^ >a??, ? j f & i % ^ 1 ? R i ^ (CJ#rl^)
Rlto.^5tC?l
e I ^^•^ c ? c « t i ^ R T ^ csrfPi?? U ^ tlt^TO
^ t o ? w^j ^ ^ ^ t o ^5t<R ^ ? ° v ^ ?sf^
c?, fttii?? top^ ^ t i c^«t toFi«t
<1»9cm>C^ 1
hI ftto? toR^ Rf^ R f ^ to f^r^t^ ? 5 7 3
(UiU^ â??. V i V ^ ) - ^
RR^=itt^ mm TO ^flwi ^^Tii ? i t i : ^
TO I
Contents
^ s f i ^ ^QTrrt^^ (vq.R vq« fe. ft)
<ijii5i3l^ (R:»t1^ m mm wiim U 2 'eil^TO "w^m^ w{i * ( % o ^ i c ? ia?°v ^ ? n t e ^st^ ( R

ft5Tc<j? ??fei c w j ?stoc^ 1 to to^t«t mm TO ^t(?r " S R f t ^ i •a?
trt^^s mm TO I ^ t r o (Rtto ctmt^l! T t w w t ^ TO 1
•iPT. "^Sfit. % (S. W. G) ^l»)lftt>N-(i|? (lis
b8 o.oVo ^.ovs^
i<i- i.V^'^
0.0^ i.^^'b
is o.o(2^ i.8C^;^ ,
iv 0.08b- i.-îJi'
iJ» 0.080 i.oi'Is
^0 o.ovob o.ii.i8
î 0.00^ o.b-io
o.o^V O.Sii
0.0^ o.'bio
o.oC^^
0.0^0 o.idir
0 . 0 ibr 0.8
o.oi^bS 0.8 i ^
o.oi8b- O.O'^CJi.
0 . 0 i'-3lj o.^<tS
O.oi^^S O.OiCO
Oi . o.oii'Ij
o.oiob- O.C^'Ô
OS o.oioo o.^<?8o
O.OOji>^
Off 0.00V8 0.î08
Ob O.OO'^'IJ O.iÔO
O'^ o.ooyr o.ii:i<\
Ob- O.OOjjO o.i<?^8
Oji. O.iOî
80 o.oo8)r o.i:j,iJi.
8i 0.0088 . o.iiiV
8:^ 0.008 0 o.ioiJi>
80 o.oasjj . o.oJi,i8
88 . 0.000^ O.ObriO
8C o.oo^V o.Cîi
819 0.00^8' o.o<Jji
8^^ 0.00^0 COffObr
8V o.ooi<Jj 0.080^
—8^
Contents
C?Ir^ t W ^ S ^ s j H RCRW
1RRC3FWR ttw? wtfim

4_
(to >|RW«1>|
vsboo woo ^8oo b(?oo
8 bbrOO bCi-oo bôo S(?o
bÔO booo blX) (Joo
V 5»oo '^(i-o iJjOO ^ •^d
bo iJjOO 8»ro 'SOO
Ni)00 (Joo 8oo ô
b8 <i-b8.^ 8^lr.<?s.b ^b8.-:> b'^b.C? bo'^.b
^30 •5SO ôo b^!30 boo
bV^.t? b<?0
^ ^bC> b'\'b.<i- b8b.b Mr.^
Ob ôo b^.^ boo.o
Okr bVJj.<i- bM.Jj b^^.o
8o biro b(?o bô "id:
8^ b'^b.t? bS^.lr bb8.C> '\b.8
88 b^.ci- bob.o boi»
8*^ b(Mj.^ bOO.Cf- bo8.0
8V bCi-o . bc><? boo
do b88 bô ii*b
Contents
^sncsfet? ^ R t ^ ' v (AM^m fe. ft)
TO? Rft?sr-^£Rr ^ s t ^
<l|etl« ^t^*ll m Rt Rt?IRt
i f I R . ^ § ^ . f e f (S.W.G) «aR. * Q ^ . t ® f (S.W.G) iflR.AbQ^.I^ (S.W.G) <aR. «»Q^.1% (S.W.G)
R°sio •ffs bo
b8 R»s ^8
. R'sbC Rl^^b ?»vAO
R»vio Rl b^ R°s
?«sbS Ri^8 ?°s^b
R'sbe ?S,blr R»vô R°vô
Rlbh ^^^^ . R^b^
'^s^b R»sbV
R»v blr ?S,ilb ? l b'^
??,bJ» R°v^^ Îb^ • b^b
RÂo Rl-Ô Sfs blr Rlb(f
cstf5?RR csrt® ( f - c ^ m «(%nRtk W R % )
• ^ - ^
b
>i<^t-fn%
8 Hs
(V) b '^nt^s
o • b.8 "
8
b b>"
b.(f bo.8 " ^.^"
bO.vb" 0.8 "
o li.^b" 8 > "
a b(f.^" 'H.^b "
Contents
bb îfflHs
bo Îr " b8 "
b(? 8C^ " ^b "
ô (?8 " ^S "
" ^ 08 "
oo Vo " 80 "
80 bo8 " "

(to . boo"
«bo b(?8 " • "

bfe^ " >^ "
boo -5,8V " b^8 "
bC^(? Ob^ " ^(th "
b(?o ^ 0 " . bvo"
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- b/>l5 8.8 lilTtHW

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0/8 bo.v "

b b^ "
b.<2- bo "
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Vo " 80 "
bo boo " (to "
Contents
CHlUW^ ^ (Rife)
b/8 •^.<4 âilPt?51?I b.Vi^TlHRR
b/o o. "
b/;^ c^.^ "
vs/8 «^.8 " • ^.H "
b" S4.8 " 8.«\ "
b.(? bo..^ " "
^ b«\ " h:<t "

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bo vSIr "
b(? aa "
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oo ' boM, "
t
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b«ô "
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boo vS8b "
.b^(?
b(?o (?o(2-
^00
Contents
^^^^^^^^^^H MOTOR STARTER
?n^8 cRtfe^ ^ t , 9m^, ^??, WvisRiTO ?#?t?

?mrawiî
(Rife >R?f R?r?it ?#?m (Rik?? (RRctrufe W«IT « M « I C < I wtto? ^?5|? S H R T W ?
TO I (RH?1 R1^ COlCnifir, RI ^ 8 ? R t % R f ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ?T^ I TO'^^C? (Rife t ^ W s

m^ <I#(R Rt ^ S R I (Rife ''^m R l t ^ TO I îRfem ^ •î:^ W I RIOTTR (?TSi c^Hife W«U
w m n R wit^RR ia?5i^ R?^ I
'a.fR (Rik?? ( R R C | f 5 - ' a toRf^ W«IT (Ti<3?T RHRs | ij<?ri- b I ( R ^ ? "^1, I iiplR^ ?°s, O I Cm
RSJRlt, 8 I f|ÎRsnR#, <t I ColCii'St, h \ W R ^ , I ^ R t ^ RI ^ÎRKsmS, b-1 Stj^^t^to R^

Ji. I Rt<3-?rR Wfe, > o I TORf^, bb I t ^ 5 ] R * R , b^ I (Rife CWRi^W, bvs I C?lfe toT#
( R T * R # R^Rtft 1?fe^ W«IT (Tiv3?n RHRs t
C R l ^ ^WR-*i|R elCRm^Wt
fit«RRt R1RRR? WIRI ^ (R, (Rife OT§R ( R R ? (Rife % l R R ? [ R R m ¥ l % 1 RHRFIIR?
R:«IJ (Rn? RTRs t. 'a?. ^ RRRS ?1 'il^'s RTCWR?? {RfW^TH t? ^ 1 ^ < R l ^ RRtRfl Rltltt
CWfC^ fiHRlt RRt ^ I TO RIWFRR? ?(:tU ^ IIRRR:*!? % # ° S . - T O t R R I ^ ^tc? I (Rife •
^Tf^V'il? R?? (RTO TO%-^? FftT®" (f-'b ?niR^ (Rf^ «t^=t ?sft?n TO I WR%. =
W I Rit? IRI^ T9Rn:«I Rf5tw ^ R I W T O ? Rl«U ^ - T O ^ filRlflw ^ ?ltl^
TOl f??R, RN3RR '^tlW W I 49<1Il9c>Sr C5ll^^JI*l R m ? (Rife TO"^ ^^f?(R
R 1 W 5 R (?i^%rm + %iife c<j!^ji*i
Contents
(Rife %itm ^ Sim 1 m-
(b) CRife (%. ft)
(^) R%I?R7#?-TO% (Rife ^ 1 ^ W. ft)
Wtt^ TO* (Rife RRH ^ I ?RI-
b 1 f-firrn (Rife ^ i f e , -^l ( T F R ^ (Rife ^^1% I
fe.ft. (Rf5? ^^l¥l? ( D . C . M o t o r S t a r t e r )
( R i f e %1ife t l R ^ ! l 5 ^ (Rlfel^ ^ R^ -a??, va^sit?^ ? I R 5 H ? R t ^^Rt RfC^ I to

TO?f%^s
b 1 %11^?,TO* I ^ I ^ ^ R ^ I
I R i % 9 ^ (R1v5 RsRI R T S J R (M^Cm ^1"^ ( R l t ^ ^^ff fwl TO* R f t ^ ^*11 R Z R i t W I
O l (>Jlfec<i ^ R^ ^ I
8 I ^ i t o ? R I T O I (RifeW ^ * # T W RRRRt ? R I
«• 1 ? l t t o ( R i f e ^^^tlRl " ^ t C ^ RH:'^ I
^ \ (RifeW to^ R ^ i l t o F l ^ ?R1 R R T ( R ? ? - tofS ? J C < ^ , t?t^?,, (^t^?, « <fC^t=1

t ^ I
f®. ft ^ I f l w q R ^ ( C o n s t r u c t i o n o f D.C S t a r t e r )
lilt ^ f ^ T c ^ R?:*iT w ^ i % t 9 w T % r c<i\^m<\ TO ^£I^?, fept?,-iii? "sn«tjw R?]!Rin ^ ^ i

%lto?I " t j ^ I ^ R I - ^ fesitR TO l
*ilR. f%. WIR (No. V o l t a g e r e l e a s e coil)
^ R??)PP *RR?r "5n«UW ^ TO? R T O J -a?. WR £ o R l 9 ?s?t S ? I RTtt R t * " ^ t ^

Rtlw ftto? RiTRtn RR:^ «a??, lilR. fe. R R . ^ f & I ? ^ ^ o R I U W RR Rt%«ICT «ftR?I1 RR'Î I ???«t R l *
^ t e ? ^Rltl^Viil? TO* v£R. fe. ^ -^RRiR? •5n;*1T to sfRtfto .•5,^?R W f t C R ^ ^ W M l R ^ I
RtRR ? ^ R 1 ^ «nt%?R ?1, W ^ -iR. fe. ^ W l i R ? ( I ^ t W ^ R t % ? ?11 W T 1^?,ÎW5T to R?F
'tfe*!!? R i t o ia?»s (Rlfel^ W ^ I ^ R T O Rltnt R f t ? C«tW f ? f ^ ^ 1 ? ? I to 1 R f ^ W T % l f e R^
^?lt<RI
^. ii(R. Wft?. (Over load release coil)
(R*I TO? RTOT ^ C t e ? RSRC?I <3o1? ( ? n ^ ? ^ &®?lt? ^ ^ I ? t ^ Ri?nt
R i t e ? ? ^^rt^ ftto? WT TO «a??, ^ . « a ^ . ^ T ^ D ^ to5 ? R T ! R ! ^ ? t TO L -at
R T t ? ^ T I R C * ? RI?T t(R^;?5TRn*RR^ 1 ?t? (R^? ? R ^ § ( R T ^ ? 5 B l * ?Tfe?T RT? TO " ^ t ^ R ( R t -
C o l ^ Wm *lfiI'IMn5 ^3oT? ( R T ^ f ? 1 ^ to? ?T?T R$-Rrf?F& ^ t ? T ? T ? i C^-SS^ Wm ^^C?R
^ t ? f ? ^ ? t ?T? i ? S C 5 t ' ^ ? : ^ ? T O . ^lo«ifD l f e ? T (RTfelRs R t t ? •ftf5^.?#?T (R? I
Contents
c^9m \(fi\<t^î\<^ w:m
2fr¥ ^ ^ f ^ ( R T I ? i n # ) ( T h r e e p o i n t s t a r t e r )
< : ^ 7 n % vs ^ p ' s f i ^ ( 1 . H . p - 2 5 H.P) cîfe, ^ i f i ? m\ ^ ^ ^ m ^ r t o 'Si^
) (Four point starter)
A ,
<R'n*^ cRto? w i w i '<3 <iivbiww c w i lilt

mm "m w I ttH ^ srrs <3tiki
^|l5lC<l<jfM OTTOt^l
^ I
CSlfSR
csrto?
-^fm
l (Series motor sterter)
<3 = ^ ?^wm-ia? ^
I i
(RTOf-^l
Contents
'*t3»HI<JJl (Controlers) ? ^^(I^mR 'a?^BWlWBi<l|lik'U:J^^Mi I t f t f C s t o

^g?iRfW5TC? ^9bi*i«« ?s5i ^fi^ I ^ c^nfei^ ^'v, uim8^-'S%R?n e ^•sr:^^,
twrafti, (R®7?ri^ <3 AbitHifil* tsnt^ ? n : ^ ^ <j>iî*iw ^ <tRfî
f?t%S *(?r??i t^Mt«<i R R to (wsm ^ 1
Foiwird
Scries ^•wm. Int.
Shunt
%j;6mcnf»i *-n«« c ^ ? 9 ^ "^'^ W t " "'^^
^ ? I 3 R J " ^ t ^ (Automatic starter)
<m r?#f?i ^§ife ^ <pc^mi<i ^ r i ^ i to^f^ R^mi^ r w i H « «at?? c s n f e i : ^

Wv&?101C< ^ I
. b1w?i* TOi^ tot? TO c«t^ ? 5 ^ : t T O ? tilî, w f ^ ^ J i R R f R i - R f f t ? ^5t?t

?mi
^ i Rt?i?«tw ^ £w?nl?? to# R^ w ^ ^ t c ^ cvjifec4 mm^ m ^ ^^^^
?5?rt ? m i : '
o I cotc^'St, ^ w t ? (3rf© v£R» W W ^fwi? ^ ? } ^ ^§1% Rj?*n^R^ i

f ? ^ ^ R i ^ i t t o «i'G<5c<j» ' ^ ^ t p R i T O ^ F i ^ w ?m i (R?^- b I 4 t S * « t . 'a?? R ^ I
^ i TO* to? I o 1 ^ <ato* i
Contents
^. ft. Csrtt ^^tSi? (A. C. Motor starter)

?n«i?Rtfe5 ^ <^r^ Rit^-^? ^twi ^ . ft (Rife ? s t ^ ^tc^r toRf^ IrwIr?
^5fRC^ ^ RR51 l i j ^ R ? W ? I .
bi^ (Switch)! ifRsJ^ fe5ttR I ?R1 t ^ ^ R ? ^ R # k ^ (Rf^l, (gf%l R«R1 C5i?l
RRI
^ I ^P%1%R ( C o n t a c t o r ) 8 4*141^?. R ? T O ^ ^ * R * RRI I Rl^ ^^f^ 4*l4'G-<il? ^
R?r?tt ?#?I1 TO* MlbW<J mR ^ ? # ? 1 (R? I
0 I Rt^jRl^lft ^ % t t R ( Aux Ua i y Contactor)? (RtR R l f ^ k ^ RlWtt ? # R R RTWRft

^HJlÛî^ 4C^lPll 4Q<]W ^«flC<t R^C5? RW R?IR1t (R^Rt TO I
8 I CRf5R>il(¥B ( M o t o r C i r c u i t S w i t c h ) ? (Rife R l f ^ ^ - R l ^ ( R i t e Rt«tt R l f ^ t e
^ ? s t o R ^ ?#?n (R? 1 1 ^ 2rc?im%i TOcfe Rrc?? ^ TO I
<? r t ^ ^ (Fuse) ? t ^ R f e t o (RT® TO* S H * ^ feoltR I 1?^l9w TO? F l t ^ (Rft RK??
TO* sRlft^ ^ ^ t ^ RtR?1 R f f ^ t ? s ^ r i j ^ R R I
I "^^Nel* ( I n t e r l o c k ) 8 1 ^ i^l^st^ feoltR I RITOI ^ TO? fe^lt-Ht^ Wl

^p9r1? W?I ? 3 ? ^ ?5?1 TO I t ^ R ? P # t « ? ( R ? RT:^ ? n ? ^ # T O ^ ?5l??1? W R?.R^
TOI
1 I ( Inching)? (R Rlf^Cfe C ^ ? . 4C?J«1C<f ?1??1 Rtf^t?!? W?I ?sil[?* S R K ^ W?I
R m i ? m f ? s * n t R i t W f T O t?f^?. R l 1 ^ R(R I « ^ R ^ R ? ? 5 % R (RlfeîRC?R1?1?R^^tfe?1
iWT C?lfe R5S ? l t r ? I -at mm R l ^ s ^ t?f&?.Rlt^ R(R I
b-1 ?>^|?>5? ( C o n t a c t o r ) 8 t^.<il?s1^ t w i t R I t ^ R T O I t^R?5^WtR RI^RI? >1lf4'GC4
R ^ 4 T O Ft5X«?^?Rl?1?l
ls> I ViMwfS* ^ * t ^ ? ( M a g n e t i c c o n t a c t o r ) 8 RTWlRlfes ?s*R*? liT^ 4*|4fe | ?R;f^

teR^(3|1RI1«t(Rt^ ?1?1 ¥15J^?t ? ^ ?s?1 ?1?,|
bo I QwllJ R t ^ ( R e m o t e C i r c u i t ) 8 (Ji R t f f 5 fj? om ?5?f Rl? W f T O t ? W *

r#5rri
b b I ^5it5T-J|l*l?»?WN #|1ff? (Auto-transformer s t a r t e r ) 8 RC5l 5lRR??1? <il?5l^ ^1*1? | ? r ^

ÎÎC^J ColC^^Sr 4WI$UI dijlfed^ ?5?f ? m I
b^ I "^fl?tR ( S t a r t e r ) 8 R1?I?'=t "^T^ ^ i t f ? ?Rt ^ I

bvs I /5lt?1? ( T i m e r ) . 81?fRt w ? ^ vs %fg ^ ^SltRRR? R ? R ^ I
Contents
t ^ t ^ (RlfeRRS % f 1 % f ^ ?RT§fl^ ^ -Jim I
b I fe. ^. iSPT (D. O. L. S t a r t e r ) ,

cj. I ^ - ( ? 5 % ) (Star-Delta starter),
m m^p^ ^1 (ManuaUy S t a r / Delta S t a r t e r )

m i ^ t ^ / t l T ^ ( P u s h Type S t a r / D e l t a S t a r t e r )
(n) RT&tWffes i : © ^ §0t?i (Automatic S t a r / D e l t a S t a r t e r )
Ol Rr&t-jJtR^MJJW (Auto-Transformer Starter),
8 1 sntRlft (Primary S t a r t e r ) ,
<t I % m f e (Reactor Starter),
^ I iat (Rife ^?tT^ ( S l i p - r t n g m o t o r starterj^
RT?1?«IW f^WPrt^ ? s i ^ 1 r ? # ? 1 TO I
(^5)^ C^tfe(l ^m'i ?s%rt TO^ I (t) W s - f^RTTO
cîfet4^Rtp ^ R ? ?s1?Ri TO I (?) 'QWf? ( R m , cTOiJw, ( R i - C o t ^ ^ fem-(R#°v c«n:^
(RtfeiRS w t ?s%rl TO51
(Switch)? ^ fewttR I t t t t l t o ? T ? ^ ?R1 ^ TO I : -

(^) ^ , ( R ) Rtt^ < g ^ , ( t ) 4*i^fe I
sftTRt W^-«^nl^ ^ t 5 H ( D i r e c t o n L i n e S t a r t e r )
5 H.P ^ 1 % D.O.L man TO I mM Wk'm^^ wtcw TO ri i wtt
i£lt t l ^ ?1?t ( R t f e ^ ^ Wl^51Wtfe'%l¥ « -JJI? I t t l ? R^?I No Volt R e l e a s e Coil

-SWI? (Rt^ 1?ZR I . "
•a.
c ^ i i i
6l»P sr*rr
Contents
Îtw8R?-Rit?csrtfe^fsx'^J??!?RR?8 '\ ts^t TO*-st^^t ?st?I vat ( R H t§Rt«r

TO* R^'^ <>^<\4 R ^ R t t ? CÎC^*^ Rfgfe RTt^ R?JRJ C # R ^ R^*rt? ^ ^ I R^
RTt^-vflR C W l 1R5 1R5 ?#?n ^ v f l R l R T O C W l COlC^Sf t^lRtRt ? # R t TO | t j j ^ *£it ^ ?^
? ^ C R i t o CWI TO* ?sl?Rt - ^ R t o ^ I fe. <3. taR ^ f ^ , -Ttfl^lW io M R^
(RtT5^ R J R ^ W ^tRt TO I •
y 9 Tr^«:
# T ? - C ® ^ ^ ^ t ^ (Star Delta S t a r t e r )
<f R ^ H ^ * 1 I ? ? (RtfeslR %r?f %ift?

? r ? l ^ ?sRt ^ TOl W^?, TO* ^VJtWt'SJ W?j'
•at <i?^l? w t RtRt TO I ?t? <Rf5(R
RRtRf? Rt^rtt R t t W ? RlCn R«sWt^ W t ^ TO
^^l?f * ^ ?sTC?* RRtftw ^5tRt (Rife *3lWf Rtt^
RtlR I ^ %t1^«s TOf* 4VtlWI<J W?Jt ^
%f&t? ? I ? ^ W t ^5tRt TO I ^ ttiTO Ri:^
^ttt? (^t^
Connections of manual)}-.operated rotary
type star-delta starter with induction motor
A/O"
<?lr% ?s? ^tC^T, <fV% ^ l 1 ? l T O * ?SR ^ t W I
vat *IR?R? Rt«fl?I«tW f t l R R cm t ' S T ^ CRtfet R R ^ W t TO I (Rt*iR? ^Rttt^l

va? l5tfR?tR, vat ^ f ^ ' - a ? Riet R?3Rtn ? s t o ^ i vat ^f^tm ^ R f i m TO i ? R t - i i ^§1?
( ^ ) RtW»t?, I A I f,'®^ (?t?) t1w«R I
iI f ^ ) -Ht^HR-^Ttl ( R i t o fe?f^ l3lPlmi v£RS!2J ^^5%1 ;£l?I^ CSftfe (?W |
^ I ( ? 5 ^ im) RfePtR-Rt^ CTlto ^1^ l5tPtHt*IW (?5%I? ?5t?RtOT?I
^sm^jsut^ § 1 ? . ^ C ^ % l t o ? t fe?t^ TO I ?Rt- R?s, ^ 'G Rt? iCS^) I %tf5l ? ? C ? * ?^c!atR

?sf??t? ^ % T ? - ( : ^ ^tlSt? ? T ? ^ ? s ? f 5 t ? t T O l Wi^CA-A ^l^*in>C<fi ? R ? ^^Mlef*tR '^Sti^W % g ?
to RtRfRt I WR? (?lf5? %t^ (R? I CRlfel^ ?W ^ Rf^ 7 ^ CRl^ i^l^lfD RtR
'rt^RCR.^t?! toit (Rtfel^ (:®%t? ^ t e '^rtf^ I ?f^ '7??f3pTO ^ - c ® ^ ?s?t ^ , TO

* ^ '^tt^ toR RtTOi ? 5 t o ^ I %t1^?,-va? RR? RttR colics? <?v% ?SR ^ I f?*n?,
?5TC^<3 <?V% ?s? ^ t i R I RtRt? ? ^ C®%I? ROTtt W ^ W«R C?5W C^li^St <3 R t t ? CSt(^
RRR ^ I vat RR? <R*? '^^^ '''•'^ I ' ' ' ^ ^ ^flojR^ ? ? : ? * R^«f ? 5 t o I vat
? ? : ? ? * g t i ^ 7n*fi?i«tw'^.(f ^ R f ^ (:?15t 7i»>pf^ CRtfet ? j ? ^ ? ^
Contents
Q A» 5? R' 9? 9.1 B
L3-
4v-
Ad 1-2 C2 B2
I
0
DELTA
1 JSTAR
7^ 7"
(b) 1 ^ ? s * I t t (Fixed c o n t a c t )
(^) wm •^?*n^ (Moving c o n t a c t )

.(v3) (No volt Coil core)
(8) «W1? (Rt® "^CTIR ( Over load coil)
{(t) v3Wt?I (Rl® ? r t ^ (Over load Plunger)
{4>) «aTtHRt? (?#r?l ( Ampere Seter)
C^) vs®!? (?Tt® R i t (RUIIÎ^ Rt«t (Over Load b i - m e t a l i c p a t h )

(V) R ^ ( T e r m i n a l Point)
i5jW5t ( S t a r t i n g h a n d l e )
(10) ( S t o p p u s h switch)
(11) R t t ® R ^ (Side lock)
( i ^ ) %I<I R r ? l * R1«l ( S t a r P o i n t Path)
(ivs) " ^ i ^ s ^ n t " t r t W (Moving C o n t a c t S p a n d l e )
(i8) (?fRt^ (Separator)
(i(f) tof5 %R R ^ ( R e m o t e stop switch)
Contents
C#l^ tW^S^RH R ^
T^î ^^fvDR %M to ^mum ^"z^ ^"z^ (Rife ^ ^ t ? i R R I (Rife i 5 '^tto^'^ c ' f
R H ttW»nR to ^ I (Rl-(:«t?5 4C?J«in5 RitiR? W R I I R I W ? RRRS ^-^'^ 5 J T f n ? 5 l t ^

^ t ? 1 ^ I W R t o R R t f i i R C ? « l t o TO I
'BRg ^ R ^ •'IR ? # R R Rien RSin (R1-C«1^ ? 5 ^ R R t o R l t f l t ^ T t t ? ( T O 9^ ^sttm ( R ? â^l
R5it TO (Ri-cwi^ 4C5!i«in; cbl^^Dn ^t?n Ri?51 ? i ^ R i R (Ri-cwf^ ^ I r ^ <>(.m^ ÎW^fto
RHR#f»R ^îfeRI CM ia?»s CVJlfefD Rt?1RR I
t ^ j " Q W R ( ? T m i j p l f e ^sm^Mt ^5t?t TO I "sm ( R I ® to? 4 * 1 iBH; ^g^rs? ?i«mR tc^îla^
R l l ^ C f e ( R l -(:«t?5 4««in5d4 f^->t4^jlB ? 5 j ^ Cfi? I
>S^C5tt^ tor 8 t t t 1W5# RIRM R t t - ( R & t ^ R 1 ^ to »t1^ I <3Wt?l ?Jn:?:fe W l R l t
( R t W r ^ niw R1?n "5tRi to r t o Îzî to R i i ' t R?j:n ^ ^ % i % t o f ? f ^ R # m ( R ? ^î^'s
R t j n R»s-cf ^^r®Rf^ ^ R ! w * n R ^ t o ? r I <3«m (R1® 'ifi-To )>^<t% « i t o « w r (?n® w r t o
3)5?Rg b o TO « f R %lto? ^ (Rt® W © 1 'Sf^Rtf b O Q % t % (Rl® TOIt ?R1 RR I
R'SR R?t^ (Rl® TO* RsjRtf ( ? * ?R1 I 1 ^ " s ^T$lt ^ i t o ? ?l«1T R ? ? ? W TOI* ^ t e
TO I ( R l ® TOI* ;i(2-% ^JF\ % 1 ^f t ?5to I RRRRt? ? f n R ^ Rl? 'tl??^? ? s t o
•5?, TO Rt^ ® 1 ? 1 ^ ??t^ t ^ ? W ? ? # m ^ ? l i l w ( R I ®
CRt-C^ 1?Pl^?!C?«T
( R t - C « l ^ 1?1rW 4d*l«in; L i ^ L2 R i t i R ? ??r R ? : ^ TO vaR»s ( R t - C » 1 ^ § 1 r ^ ^ C J ^ l f D -^c^^
Rt.'iR t ^ i t o RlZRIt ?5?1 TO I ? ? i ! : ^ ^ ^ ¥ f ^ ? ^ ? # ? 1 ? R ? I t ^ ^ I t ( ? t t - C o 1 % 1 ? ^ ' < F I R R t ^ IjÎ^Dh
^ t R t Ri?5 I ? ^ *5IW5# ^ < 5 , ^ ^ f 2 t 4 T O ^ l t % » n R RltR?1 TOI RW? R W (Rt5? t t 8 ? 1 ? R t f ^
^t?t ?^ ^t?t RI? I
ftsgs^^sOT<?ooV ( J s h i S j ^ L 1 « L 2 «ii5w<] w ^?.wii 1 'TO ^ ^<T6V (M^-^, ^MSI
^ L 1 « N ?itz?ra w ?OTil îp^r® ^ t
^ ^ f e ? ^ ^ f ^ (Automatic Starter)
f ^ l R ? R I * I K ? c»IlfeC l ^ « « l t r-tt'lWsrt? W t ? (Auto- Transformer starter)
do M (Rifesl?? R c ^ - ^ t R w n ? ? i ? ^ W I ^$?it TO I <3t % i t o ? R I T O I

nm<=m Rt^-5iRwsn?-va? R i t ? (^rc*^ 8 0 % , (to%,
?m?# C^t^v'
c«K%w w t ? t csrfe? W I ^ t ? t TO I
%1t^»s
ho%, '\(t% W ? . W I TO I ? R TO? fet^'v ? s ^ ?s^ TOI? ^ ^'^'ig ? ^ RI? I
WiX l>iC«14«R-va? * R ? TO* Ir®? ? S ^ I <3«t? ^ 'Sf*?!?! '???:^RITO tl^R
f ? ^ R t W I vat fef^?. 053? ?5?I ^ I. ?:
AUlolnsnsformcrs
CennrftlDlM nl f o n t a r l w lyp* aaln-lraMorwrr
'«lt^-$tR?5?Rt^ « Wgtos
^jfRRt
i I ?5T^^?^ C?t^|
^"1^
^ I tjtt^°v (Rt^s-va? ^R?I %t1^?.'S^ ? # ? t TO I
i I ( R * ? R?tRt? 15lw<I R f l ^ R?,-!?Eni ^^^?I? ^ R t f ^ cmi ?st?R* â??, C 5 T ^ *^f^"
•^tlRl
^ I Rtf^te? RfQ?!? ?5n?*^ ?R ?5Tnt?t (R? I
vs I 2t«t5i (Tgii c?r5c?5i "5^ 1 ^ mm I I f o t ? c t c t Rt? issrr:^ 1 ' s o v f t ? c§t cm r?r

«tIR t f e ?lfeTR ^ 1 ^ TO5 ?11
Contents
MOTO]
OJUTCH
0<—suppiy- 0 6 6 6
T--DELTA - --1 STAR----

CONTAaOR CONTACTOR
DELTA STAR TIMER
UNE
OFF
OVER SWITCH
LOAD
jl^Z 1
Contents
Rnisunce
S f l t ^ C ? f e ^ (Primary Resister starter)
(Rife wt ^1 RH to (RTO1
'^\-ît>4^\L^ F t t ^ SibV||W<) Rra?R ^ s j i t g 15? I
(Reactor starter)
RR? ( R % t l ? %t1^?,-'a? t t o ^ s tolfe îtt? ? T ? ^ ^Rt I vi)t « I ? I R ? t ^
? ^ (Rf5C?? C W l ? T ? ^ ^5t?1 R t : ^ I
f ^ R - t ? ^ ( R i t ? ^^Ht? (Slip-ring m o t o r s t a r t e r )
^ 'Bi:^ cwm 1?^ %l1f?. ? ? ( R t f e W?J 1^t1?l (Rife %ffl? ?TR251? w t ^tRt ? 1 ^ I TO
^ t? Rtostr? to^t. ^ TO* 'a?°v 3 F ? R 8 nfe Rf??®C?? W?J« tit-t?°v (Rife ^ i t t ? ?I?51?
?R1 ^tRt TO I R f ? 4 (Rt® t??1 ^ R5I? *l1??t ^ t o ? Wii 1lrR-1?l (Rife % t ^ 1 v£lt ^ 1 ^
R1?t?«fo R?1R1? Rtt?R? Rflô R ° s ^ ?5?t ^ <il??, R f e t o W ? * (Rife îRftfel ? t t o ? t P t ^ R R
?t?t t ? ? f n W t ^tRt TO 1 i5tt-i?°v t ® t ¥ » t ? ' WiHiM (Rt5C?? R ^ R f e t o d<jf^^)M (Rtt ? s t ^
tora TO* « ^ ^ *<!,f^ ?R1 ^ I
(Rife t i t o c'iT^ 1 ? (Rtfe->a? ( R f e ^ f ? t ^ ?#?n to ^ i l ^ t - ^ i (Rife -sirppt^
^«t?1 WvRi»i|o|(l<t ?t?t ¥ t ^ ?Rt Rt? I '5?5.13F?TO « WlfeC4 l^t?^?? ?t*07R^ W t ?1? I
to (R53jctr5 <S « f « f 5 i l R ?f?I (Rife 5tg^ to? •sitTO (RTOt ^ I
-8V
Contents
^*NR to
RniiRlfes <r.*j 141351 m\ £wi1? t i t o r a r i t o j i t o s w t f ( R i * t f , Rti5 m\ csito?
f1??v5? W l m, TO? 1 m c?«?n
(] I I g
4 STOF
4
FOR. r - 0 O- -3
•n
O o ,/>o o s
IO RM.
LQXJD^ 1
^5t? <3 t^F^-*flRf lR*f?

c s r t o ? m^"^ ^ c«i6^(i^<i ^ 1 ? fefe ¥ l ? i 1 ? % ? s t o "5? I ( R t o ? w o t v o %
^ ? » s t i ^ m ? R i T f e V(2-% t i t o to? W l ^ I
" p = V 3 v j l C o s (pn
p
Il = - F —
^3VL.cos(p.ri
•ilRlITl, P = t t ^ ? l ? {^?f5)
lL = Rtt?W5t
r, = W o t
V l = R l t ? Cwt?:*^
C o s 9 = tt<3?t? -JfTlt? 1
1?S58 i M " ^ " 4jlt*H«jl<!î 1^sM«?lft=> liUlt^^W
^ cms^ i - e t s t t i f g ° v ^ j p n ^ « # ? n (ipSi'Si*] ^5i%jv5Î
Contents
^»tM'1s ^ ? n t 5n?^ cst(^<m r ^ ? # ? m ^rtq
^ t t t o fe. fe R i i n t sRTOt? - s n ^ j w ôK^^f^t^TO R^ w m ? 1 to la.fe cviil3iii4towI ^Ji
eC AC 3 » w
MC C B
T II
to fewî csnfeRRs ?rt*te?tfe5 ^^buÛwî "sjiôw w Q ? f e toR ?#?n iQbM'it?
f53! (?ivs?t
AC
MCC B
PBSonF
MC -R
M C -F
r.H W PBSoff
PBSonB
• I
MC F
M C -R
0 0 0
Contents
Ob-o
LINE DIAGRAM CIRCUIT
O.L
I START S/W
M/C
o STOP
M
SWITCH
I START N
l4f STOP
-O O MA:
S/W M
INCHING CONTROL CIRCUIT

O.L
OlD- -QiO- -n( p -

± N
STOP STOP STOP
• .w
•.w t w t.w _
REMOTE STOP CONTROL CIRCUIT
.L| rO O r
O.L
N
T ^ M/C
INCHING AND REMOTE START AND S T O P CONTROL CIRCUIT
Contents
START SWITCH »-|

OR
O.L N
-clLo- -o o-
6 STOP
SWITCH M,
4f M2
)Xy B
-X 1 I i M ,
- J T I T T r
O.L
=1
AUTO TYPE STAR-DELTA STARTER LINE DIAGRAM.
Contents
CSI^'•UjH (Motor Control Circuit)
^gTffe >a?°v R K W R ^^f?m ^ -STC*!! ^mf^te? Tj^ntn ? 5 t e
K S N
MC = in*1Wf^4 îJjI^fe
THR = «fT?l? to
M = (Rife
La = to»Rs R1% m
b 1 (Riufe tot? N ?w I
^ I ^^(itR ( R 1 ^ R?^1? > ^ V tfttw*? w1

o I Tfti^ Tisj^nn wI
8 I «1l5W<1 RH?® ? s : t R R t f ^ ^ ^ ^ ' t W il?°v ^5151? t ? (i5% ? R i
<? I ^llf^cfe R l t ^ R«R1 to^-(R^ (Rife ^v'fRit w I
^ 1 <i»CiaW ^ ? # 5 ?R1 (Rife toe I
<^ 1 ^^foWR vaRl to^RTR •^to ^ t ^ I
?#1t? (Magnetic Contactor)
TUI'^Rt^ ?s*Tlfe ?nc<^«1lt1? ^ t r t l t ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 WTTO £Wtf? ?SRI ^tRl RHRS | Tjt^t? ?e*1T
^TI'RRffes ^ ^ 5 ^ ^ WTCWR, TOWtft 4H;mB<1 >G C3jt? ?s*Tlt ? T O 1 TO I
Contents
C5rf5?%f^
Ol ? i t o f e s <^î\<pj51
8 I •SRTtlfes (^^RR? R?»l
<3 to? R?,*l) I
d\ ?s*I^ t r s i
«^ I ( R t ? W??m ( t ? ^ ? j i
b- i (Rt? titor ( R 1 ^ CRll??J 1
is, I ( ? l f ^ ^ l
boimwi?!
bb I ( R l ^ C ^ ? f e l
b^l R1W51??SC?IRI
CRT® (Over Load)
<3«i? (Rl® to? TOI* aSx (R^ R^Rif ? 5 t t ^ l^rm TO* (rI^V, c?fB? tot«f? w?j to
'il^ 151^ (R<3?1
^ti?% (»i»^c®t^ TO* cî

0.12- 0.21 A 2A
0.21-0.37 A 2A
0.37-0.67 A 2 A
0 . 6 7 - 1.2 A 4A
1.2-2.1 A 6A
2.1- 3.7 A 16 A
3.7- 6.7 A 20 A
6 . 7 - 12 A 35 A
10- 16 A 35 A
16- 22.5 A 50 A
^€P5t? (?Tt^ tor (Over L o a d R e l a y )
<3«I? (?n® to i m t ^ *IRI^ ?I?1 21CiIt^î| W I T O ^ I ^ ° v ^5?lt? W l ^ t ? t RIW I tm R^*IT to^
•RttwWR^ Hi R n i ^ R R J (Rife to^*!? ?n^ R T ? ^ ^5t?1 TO 1 (R^? (R^? « « 1 ? (?nr®? ^ * n t

R I R R ^ R f ? tofB ^5t?1 TO51 R R I ? (R?? (R?? <3v»t? (?1U®? ?5*jt%vs5i% tot?TO îfB? R^??
Contents
mmm to* W F ^ I 'ii^ (RT® tora to^ R ? I ^ , ? m to (?T<3?N
8 I TO* v£|v5wN
<? I to^?JFB?I
vbi i ^ i t o t ?5*TTT I
^S5S-S«ra <?Ttv5 ^ i i o % - ^ ^ S ii<f% ^^5%5-511 i
b I i5tf??m ?I TOltst I
^ I* F T O 5 T « ?ntiRffes ? 5 * T t o ? i
?i:*u R?j:?m?is# R f t ? 1
vsl ? l t o ^ ? s * T l t ? l
81 <ym to I
I « « I ? ( ? N ® to « * T T ^ ? N R ?
-'?^*U M I R F R ^ F Rlt? I
vb I UlfiJHM ? ? s ( R t o ? R?It
R?JiRTt ( T i ' Q ? ! ? W?J I
Contents
(Mutor Starter)
Ulff R I %W l ? ^ t ? ?sTf^»v « R T t 5 (init?^ t i g W I TO 4 ? ° v ? ^ C R T O W ? J vfl^st^
¥i?ssn«-TOi
i I to?îto v^witi:?^ R^Rit? îi5i«< 1 ^ c?TOt ^ 1 ^ ^r*t?r o.^<? h.pî:^

bo H.P • csfc ?mi? w t - ^ t R t TO I ^ mm %ift? t ^ r m < ? N ( R t o ' s ?mi?
TO(<?PHq.^<? H.P?t^« H.P vll?lv5 C^PW CSt#? i H.P ^ 5 t ^ bo H.P 1 % ? T ? ^ ^
TO l' mm ^ t e ? ^ ?? (Knob) TO I ? T O t l ^ (Start) W T ? TO
i«?^R*i?i^5Tm?»vTOi ?TO?^ ( S t o p ) ? s ? i ? ? ? ^ TO I /<iS2a2EE^
A l t o ? ? t o ®lt<Rt ^ - B l t t ? ^f$t? ( 'SfOM ^ 1 ) OTTOI ^ I ?TO?*in?S- (Tank) <Rf5l
^ ?i?i &5?it? ?s?i ^ TO I 'tnto? to? RiR ?sit ^5rT?ra«T cifw? r ^ ^sifSTO? TO i
•at ??r?? % n t o ? ?p*n* ^ Ri??«t vsnn^c^vfl ? i : ^ ?^?i ? T O n TO i ? w ? i ? i t o

iiJ?V^*t ( S t o p ) 'JjtP TO I 4 t % l t o ? to? to R ? ( o n ) (^) ?s?I? RW R t t ?
RSRtt R t ? ! csrf5? B t o y mpa ^ I c ? t o ? t1% R t w , ^ r f ? ®r!R? to r ? ?5?i? r w
R w cRife c!5*&t? mm ^ ? i ? R -tf^ROT 5 t e ^sn?^ ^ t -at ? ? c ^ %r&i? 'h.<? h . p
H.P t # O f t o ? ? T ? ^ ?Rt 1 ^ TO I
Contents
xsv^ c ? t o tw<i;Ga<t'j|«i wm
8 I c®*! ^ f f e t m ^ tttt)
vat ? ? ? ^ ^ ^ f ^ * t W « t ^ l R "sretlT 1 "îCm R i t o ^ ( K n o b ) ^g??,
^ ^ RtTOT 1 (Rife ^ « Rl W R wt ^ 1 vat t f l ^ <? H . P
• ^ i : ^ v5(j- H . P t ^ ( R t o <)<^1^ ^tRt Rtl?' I ^SHRI?! C W i <? H.P ô H.P
(RfSiR ? m i ? ^ TO I _______
(? 1 Rr5t-5t^TW5JB ^^fBt? I TOR
vat *raW? ^)ll5l«<J RC«1T Rl6l J l ^ ^ i W S I R R T O t TO I ? t 2 ^ R t T O l ( R t ? CoTil^TO ?sRftRt
(TTife tt¥ W t ^ 1 (RTStr? % T t 1 ? » s ? n ( R * 4vjiwio rf.p (rt^ ? i ? ^
^ " ^ R t RtIR51
Contents
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE
Rxi^ R 3 ?rtfe R ^ SiT^PiH ?R3[m W l JStRi RJtitrrarR i to,

WM, RTR, t ^ R ^ ^ tt%, C^fes, 1^. t%, 1 r W R ( R f ^ , C5t%t?, (RT^R, f t ^ , t ? C?f&,
f l t T ? (Electric heater)
R r ? R % t ? R R i ^ ?T »m ? # R R 2?^to ^tra R R ^ W I TO I Sî^to
tttR ^ S R S R I t W - > 1 CS\¥\ f t i ^ I I tl*m I > a t o l * 1 ^ ? T t i ? ^ to &5RI1? W l ^ I
frt^s i s t o % vfi? c ' i t o t <ii«^n; tosrilfe ctnfe '^fte^ ri:«o r r r r i TO i to i t l f e c*fBl^

*rrs? Rl'v£l>iW^3i-ia? R T O t TO I ^ a t o n * ? ttto^T Rtto toR? toR
' T W R?IRtW? W l TO I 1 ^ ' R ' T O ? Tm t^JRt^ W l TO I v£lt ^ T O ? R ^ R^ ^
<^*ICÎtI I Î^W^ omm W l RR I to^ TO? ? 1 T O R l « ? l ? R I ( R S R - i e , b , i -(f « ^
Kwton^?f5)i
l ^ i j j r * * DUtw? ^feiw RtR

( i ) (RR. (^) tf5t? C?*, (v5) ftt^'sâto*, (8) TOlfe, «^) v£|^[t5?»R W I
?^ (RT5t R ^ W <ajl«lf^Pii!l|4) R?R1 v£|5l. vgî 1 ^ ^ J^tntl W l ^ I Rl?l?I=t^ >a^.

v^R ^ ?R1 ^ ^ ?s1?Rl Ds?# W t ^t?t TO I
Contents
C?l^8 ftfD^ Cal5f^ fl?Wl1fe?I?t wt^ I RI^M CtPTRsi? ^^Rt RTC^ I t t B l ?IT!
(wt?nfRBm) tHJicg? f t ^ r o ? toi TO i Ri«Tm«t^ i^<^ 1 ? ? 1 ? ? "i^tc® l^g ?TP!-ira
^ TO I R m R t « 0 ^ t a t o * ? T O t TO I
»«if*icS|%? v # i w * Hitii*!!! ^ ?i?n ^5?iit^ w t ^ toi TO^t^to5»I«

( 3 F t t o ? iRl!p5 R I W «ft^ ?t?t 5®Rt^ w t ^ t ? ! TO I f r t k iato*1^ 'STmfe ^*I«I 9^ 1?t%5
Cn^SR TO? Rl (RtTO?s &5Rtt w t ^ TO I vflto* ^8. « <sm. % . (S.W.G)
^ I TO ^ W t o t ^ ?I?rG S'S^tf ^ R t TO I Rl«ft?«t^ ^8 <3 ? V RttC^Ft? to ^<fo
w 'Q?t5 " 5 ^ ^ booo w 5o*Jlf< w t TO51 HltCUhlvj TOI? ÎRI (^8 iflR. 1 ^ booo
)SRtt5?.^RI) Sit? 8 o ' 'J^Rt ?IC^ I <?(.m iflPiw* <ôo, 1<ô, booo, b<?'oow « ôoow 'e?f5
R I T O Rt«RI Rt? I
Rt •t^?^ ^ t o ? R ^ to Cif«^
b I R<R v ^ r W * ''Itefg Rl«U ^ t ? ?s?t ^t^R ^ ^ C?t^ i t o ^t^R I
^1 ^sT^*i? f t o ? ' ' i t e ttf&t l a t o * ? i % ? 5 t o ^ 5 t ^ 1
vDi ^ « j m t ? R f ^ f ^ c t n ^ <t^ t t o ? ? s t o 1 ^ R t t o ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ I
8 I '^^B RTTOJ csits? 'sfto^ 2??I RlRxnt ? s t o I
(? I to ^(^^ %n R^Rff ^gjot? R T O J v^trsi* *ff??tt ? s t o 1 ^ I
<b\ RlRxnt 'st-i'MiSl Rtwt? ftlî v # r w * ^ri -^sfevs i

<^ I i a t o n * ? fifti:^ ?i 1 ^ . 1 ^ . 9{ mi ^ ? i ? t ^ ^ t o ^ t c ? i (R«h<^ Ri?iit OT'sri? w?i) i
\r\ ^ 'ii-iiil^ Rt«Rt? Rt?nt 1 ? ^ I
i» 1 2 ? i i i t o Rt?rtt ttT5t?to R?*tit top Rtto I
bo I "^m?! Rt?i > a t o * <iRi$i^ ^ t c ? I
bbI ?t^ « ( R 1 ^ RITOJ R l f e s i t ^ ^ r ? va?»v R ? ? T O "^fBl t i l t o * - i i J ? Rl«U Rt?Ilt
(R<3?t? ? T ? ^ ? s t o 15tU^ I
RlRRtR^
b I f t t o ? ?f® ?5?t R t ^ to ^ ^STTO? t f ^ ?s1??t R t i : ^ ^?tlR I
^ I W I R?1^ (Tx«t, Rti?) ftl^l i a t o i * - i a ? *t1l?t i t o ^ Rt? TO? ?JRft «t^*t ? s t o
^tc?i
vD I > a t o j ^ (R?tR5 T t o ? RR? R ? R j t R^ ^«I?I*t R ^ ROT5 R^%tC? ^ 1 ^ ?s1??t
Rt^^r?!
Contents
ctTtR<yf&
(i) Dîwî 5ii?j R * - (<js) « f f ^ ,^s%n f f t ? ^

R l f ^ • J ^ t T O R«f?t f ^ 5 ^ ^ w,i '
(^) 1^ f t o ? v£|%5J* ' « ! % t (^) t ? ? ? 1 ^ t S ! ^ ?#?n

?tt^ TOl
(vs) TOT^%5 Rlf^-vil? mi (vs) TO^^ ma (vs) ?st??rt 2 t i ? i m ?
(8) f t e RlJ-Rff^ ^ ^ T O (8) Wx vatoi*-va? R ^

9?m ^ TO R S i^TO I i ^ T O ( W f *fm«i t t f F ? n 1 ^ ^ s t o f 1 - R T f ^ cww® ? 5 t o
istî
v a t o * - ^ t ^ ?si?7:^ ^5twi
?sto^5twi
{<t) % 5 (Lead) ^51^ {(t) %S TO R $ ^5*IIC^ I

?5î:^ ^ [ t i ? va?»v 'f^'RiR?
TO? ?i:?T ? f ? R i i ? t * t 1 ^
(«t) R ^ ' T T O f l t ^
? t o ^ ^ i
(n) ft'et? %5 ^ « tft^

?5|??1 R t c ^ ^?t^ I
(^)f*f?"n#i?stac5i (fe) mr?m to i ? t ? i ^ I ify) v D t o % - v a ? Titwin ^ s p i T O
R ^ .?sf??T f r o s ^t^-?n?K:®
to?t "^rtw 1
{'\) f t ^ ^ ^ t i ^ C«ff?t ? T % («)) W T •??T?i 1 ? ? ?st??f? R ? ? ci) Rttnt R i t ? ? i ? s t o istw

^ti^CSi I Ri^, twit? ftî vfito*- v a ? i ^ e i ? c?irg? ^^WTO
va? ^ 1 ? i f ^ ^ l d ^ I t1?^ ? s t o Rti:? (c?TO
w r i1^?r:5) i
Contents
(br) vaf%(:?*-vn? ^Tf w (b-) frt^?, i#n:>i*-va? ^T^j

W t t ^ (TO to
(ji)) ifitortf-iii? R ^ (?5) liltoll*? £ ? ? J ?S5J (?5) TOI^ ( R f T O ^ v i l t o Z * ?

(Rf*ti Sff?f i f ^ ? s t o I
(?) lato* ??to c^Fto m stwt^w . i t o * <w«i)5i^

(R"s?rra ? ! Rii?i*f ?#?T? ^ 1
WT'Q laPlCil-C-iil? ^^^J ? s ?
TOl
?5^^*I? (fôoin heater)
?s? t t ^ ^ S R H ? ; ? ? T - ( i ) C?l? 'Sit? ? ^ f * t ? , (^) ? ® * l t ? ft15l? I
C?tR R ? ? ?sc^ ? J ? ^ ^ ? I TO I t ^ ?f® ? T t ^ to? i m t ^ ?1?I 2!5?Tl? ?5?T
^ TO I fNRtffe (Bowl) ? ^ ? i ^ 1 ? ?s?T ^ 1 ?TtcaFm TO? t r f k l i i t o i * %mrrffe

(RtR B o w D - ' i l ? ?^?I w t TO I Rl?I to^« R T O I TO 1 ? R t ? T T O I ^5I%5 ^ i f ^ e f
ôfrnian f ? f w « t ?s?t ?i? I
R « ^ * r ftUlW"!! 1 ? t ^ ^ ? J R ? RtRtoOT^GRT
i I ( R R ^3T®. (^) tolf?, (\5) f^^lRlffe ( R t R , ( 8 ) Rt®, {<t) ^ \ l i l t o l * , (fe) ( R ^ ^ (S)
>a^t5?R? (
?® t f t R ^ U f ? (Rod 'i\'pe lieatei
Contents
^ *itt ttto? R«iM? Rm to (Tiûi
> I t t t v^R. v^R. ^ W f 2^s?# w t TO I
^ I toF^- tofe "Sttt ffBig-ia? »1tvjW<J 'TttW W ^ (Concave) ^t?n TO^ I
k m ^ 5 i t ^ t t o t ^ f ? t 3 n Ti^Rt? to^fe-vfl? (K^ttosi w t ^^tî TO i
« I c?ra 4 » i w l 5 j - t t i •^fi? R«f?t 3 m m\ ^mt^ wt ^ ^g^?. R t t o ? R?*t to5i# ?t?t

ôRtfl w t R t R t TO I
8 I R ^ - i M t ?11^ w t ? ® wt ^ I
<t I - istoi*i^ TOI? i[t?T TO I vat vgPicvi^n? tonife rc®? * r ?
i c T O t TO I
I * l W * L f i » ^ # 5 - 4IW<)i[D»v%5 3??t?'=rio 1^. "m. i g ^ ' 3 l ? ? t 1 ^ . %. fR 8o/.oo<^fe^ ti?^ ^ ? t t t ^

5??%} R?I?t«t (R'Q?I ^ 4^?. ^Jttt^ S ? i 5 t o R?I?Tt | t - f ^ R C ^ <3 fJtl?t? RtttlC? C?«?t
«l I ^ - i > ( ? A (v£111?to?) i.<to TO? to?! C*t1R ^ ?I?^ W ^ RtW I ?®

titt ffto? Rl*R ? ® TOS vfl??. i j t ? ? ^ ^ - W m Rt^Rt ? t ? I CRI- fT5 « t ^ - X o l ' m t R t -
RTt?t? toR ^ ?t?t ¥1^3^ W ^ I RT?t? ? f ? % ? ??ZR? Rtt^ -5^^(31^ R^
? j ? ^ ^ t o ^ t ^ i
C?f3 (Hot plate)
to <£i^ t B C?fB (TiTOI ^ 1 lilt t B C?lt5? lilPlW^fU ?1? ?t I tB Ctl^ ^ ??W?
5 t R f ^ftW I ?Rt—
i I to^t tB C?f&t®^ I
^ I W t tB t®1?B I
RT^ t s catB? fsaj ffi<3?I ^ i

0(( position
' d R (Construction) •M:,^.,.*" Ha.pU.c
> l(RR(Base)St5J'Tt?t?=tvs <il?. igR ^ ?t?I $«?rt1? W I TO I
^ I^ C?f5 ( S h e e t Plate)S t ^ tot? ^ I W Wl€t? ( R t ^ RfS m\ 2^5?Tt ?RT ^ TO I ?1^
W ^ t ? R t g « l « Rtf? t ^ ^ t o TO ? t l
^^ I t f S t ? C?|1S (Heater plate) S t ^ fSRIRll^ ?t?t &oRt^ ?Rt ^ It ^ Ril?! - i l t o t * ?RtrRt

TOS I f t l ? C?ftB? ?l*P ?s?t TO I Rt^n? RC?I i g t o l * ?RtIRt TO I vfltol* RTO1
c*t? ^ t ^ t5?iRt1^ '5i?f<n mm ?Tlfe fi?i ?ntR ? s f ^ (R>sri ?t? ? ^ ^gtoi*
{RRlRt??tl
Contents
8 I frt^^ « # r c 5 I ^ ( H e a t i n g . E l e m e n t ) 8 f l ^ l ^gPiiiJHJfD ^ m\ 2^?!^ W l ^
TOS I t ^ « (lvfl»tlvi*IIM vfl? R W ? ^ 5 ¥ ( f ? W l ^ t R I TO I to t>ttt HltC4.1V vilto*«
TOI??[tmTOl
ft I C R I ^ ^ ( R o t a r y S w i t c h ) 8 ^ a t Wm "^pM 81^ t f W » R TO I (?s) R T F - ' t t ^ , (Sl)
( ? n - t t t i f i f ^ , ( t ) f ? t o R - f ^ t t o = l , (?) ^ - t * t f l f » R I
High heat Medium heat Low h e a t '

position position position
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TOl
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R ^ * t . ? 5 l ? ? i o^m ^ 1
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R T t ? ^ t c ® f ? f ^ ? 5 t o « i vg?# v f l t o f * Ritrrt R i t w ? R?i»t R?s?in ^ t o c ? ? i ? w 5n?nft
^*f?t3n ?i? I
(R) f f 5 * i t o f R 8 t ^ - w i R M i Tit?T? w ? i Rûs? R T O i i^toitos ^ ? n t i i t w ?
Rltn 1 T I ? T O T R?I?l»t ? # ? ! ( R ? I
^ j g ^ ^ ^ C ? ^ (Eicctric R a n a e )
tFFisI^ c?®? Rt«iT?«r® c « i w ? F r ? i , c5itB?,
^ n f * ? <3 'Sn^fsra ? T ^ ? I R .?T?5f? ^ t ? l TO I
t t t ?® ? ? ^ ^tm TO51 9^ wr?m?
?lf^ •?? I (tXI ^ F r i ? ? t 3TftCW? ^5t?1 TOS) I
t l ? R s ^ (R3?T? ?t?l ? T ^ vs f ? f B C?f^l ?5?T ? m I
TO w n ? i ? R f ? i t ? ? ?rf??T? ^ ? T ? ^
^t?t TOP 1 t ^ Ri?T g ? j « t ! i f ? 5 t o ? ?sTcsrs
<1J<^M ? s ? l ^ ? l TOl Electric Range.
Contents
^HJ^^^t^t? t t C » T ? s t ^ c a w 4?!fT>'{??s TO I 'flt Ti,?
?mI •mup\ f n ^ x t ^ ^ Sim ^ TOi m- (i) ^ ^ ' R ? S O T i r I r ® ca^ i
( > ) ' S C ^ R ^ a i ^ ^ • t j t t t Rt?i?«t^ <^Bf¥r f t e i ? ?Tm 1 R i ? i (?n-aim Ritra^m f l l ^
^Hpit^lC**! ?SC?IR <5J<5^Hl W l "^t?! «fn?P I
(^) C?|tJt>f^*t8 R ^ 'îtR f t t o ? >#nR* OT^ RR Rl I 4 t t ? ? i ^ T ^ ^s^Jpis
RSR TO <il?l ^ i^l75<3 R ^ RR? TO 1 R ^ ffBl? Rt?!?*!^ 'ÎTRI? (J^ttBlR RJ?tt? "^^Rt
TOI
(O) '51^*t 8 RtîjR^ ^ ?1WK? ?Ij[t? ^ . f f e ® ? t W ? s ^ (Sran? RtSRl Rm I
*(tt R1?1?«t^ (^^8Rt? R l t C ^ ^ TO I ?5t?«t, cacB? Rl?I 1^*1 WIRtan

? 5 t o ? w?i^?!aR!? ^ n t ^ ^ ^ 11^®^ ?n*twFi?w «(«(tt\b Rttwi? ? T ? ^ ?#!nRitd'*iv
RRRRt t?II *fltRn»tlRl^R5nt®t'5Nk1lTO?I?tl?^
flJ®^ R?E^ R ? M OT? Rt I
to?î^ ^vs^ Rf?« $ w t O a * P . c ? W ?n?

•5tRt TOS I t c R ^ s f j ^ 'Gr®?R? Rt^cnRj ?i|[tf^r
RI?jg?j ^ T s r r a t ? RITOJ R T O ?l'^t RtRl.
$W<P,IS<IS < 3 C ^ - i l t t o * "QVS^ •'G
to? Rit»r ^ T O t TO I f t ^ l i f i t o i * ?i?t

'SI^W? R?SR R?I«t R R t ? T O ^RSJiajt t ? ^ * ! ?5t??|
Rf?* I t t l ? R^?I t f i t o l * <JJ<JÎ s t o * i ^ R T ^
TOI ? 1 ? 4?st^ 4 l R W * R ? ^ ?1? TO
cqtol*t ' - t t o o ? T t o ^ ? J R I (Rl-tfB,
1?1®?1?-f^ <3 ? s t o ? ^ . ( R l i B t f R^C5?
* ?t«lTC? frt^?. c Q t o l * ! ^ Rljpnt ?5?T "5? I t * ^L^W
?s1??1? ^ ?tWf^ ^ ? I ? ^ t t R I TO I
r O O T O
? ? C ^ «llWl^Jtl5 ^ ? I ? t l ? ? ^ t?I.I ? ? t -
i I ?ltC5f5l1%?s R t C ^ I ^ , (^) ^ i t C S t l R ^ I
—fto
Contents
TW
i I tcR?5^ Tm TO i It f ^ to^ R?Rlt^
Rti (T) TO^ R«f?t w fr?R*?
(T) R I W M ttot T t o to
R's'CRM to RI f?f^ ^ t R t R I W W 'BITIB T t o to
1t?,RI «TR1 RlfTTi? RtoSR

(^) RT^ R « R I ^ I ' R R l f r B ? # R I to ^ 7 R I
{•<) - i f ^ Rt-RTFFB 1 ^
l i R ^ T ^ to"5tî
^ I (R1w<3 IFF^RTRR^ ^ I I T^RTf^T ?I C ? ^ ^ ^ I RIIRl%Rfe C?^ CRB 9c^
R I W I ^ RRtt ^«RR. R ? •^X^ ^«|?1 ?v|? ^ RR^t^T*
i5f^ NS ^ ^^^SiqR W I RtRlti^-"^^ I
R^?I(R^(R?JI
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o I R1^?.-«l4»(Z<1.Rto "^t^ I
8 I t C R ? P ^ (R3?R ^'f 'Q'f R R 8 1 ^ ^ ( to) t¥^°s iWx 8 I TH*°S t t f R B R^ tIIr
RIRfe^-^l
^ I ^R? R t o # "smRiRlfes
im W I ^"=1 «=t R R
^ 1
<t\ R«R T ( R ^ 5 ^ <R3? T t ^ T ^ (? I Rltt^'s RiffB <il?°s tc=14i^4
W R T O T C ? T l | ^ ^RRFSFT SUTRÎ^ i£l^ TfttJtt 5nt(R

R^lRWTOl (T) f - C W Rltltt-i^?
R 5 ) Rimt TO I
fel f r t ^ t ^ f R B T I W T t ? l ^ fe I tot fife's t * t o cTfH

TO! ' t o s ? ? 5 t o " 5 t ^ i
(T) (RFBLF R ^ TtW ^ L ^ i A B i ^ m (RTBlft R ^ R f t ^

RTL R B I T O *l1tW? ^ t o 1 ^
(^) ff^°s t » i^ ^ - ^ ^ (^) t f t ^ ^ U r I sttRIWC?
1 ^ # ? T t o " 5 t ^ I
11 F1^sifito*!^ R f % t o f * °i I RLULT C o ! ^ C ? ^ TO i '\ I ^fllvs ^^t(:? (R,
2n:?nw%i c«n:^ mm to i
Contents
'S^^flto^fTt? ( E l e c t r i c C o c k e r )
•AAAMAA^
u-4wwv—'
0 T?lTOT?rl
^¥fBt?fto (Walcr Heater)

RTf? Tl??m ^ c? ?T?^ Wt ^ TOW «?fBi? I «?fBi? ^ sRjm;
m- '
(i.)Ri*n?«f c ? f B f ^ , (^) t ^ m ^ f f e i ( ^ s ) c n ^ i ? I
(b)RtRt?RC?|^t|T5t?8 t ^ ^ ' l t f ? ' 1 ? ? ? # ? l ? I ^ ? J ? 3 0 ? W . ? ^ CTTiH-(?t1%l?#?ra
^<'*tw< w t - ^ w * m w 'j^tT w t TO I
t t f ? RtfW3 R t a i W R tttf^ ctt'B^
t ^ a p * ® w t TO I c?fB srm ^ iR8 Irs
*l<5-^H T % n TO51
v3?fBi?Di;iw^
Contents
Trtwrct 8 i t lilt mm mm \ tti?mi? T f ^ ' r o c^, ( T H cstBiIRT
^^t«i«l fl»fir
?fea'TO't'WTTW Rt Rt?n R l ? I
^ Rl% ^ ' f ^ ( R f ^ BRJ T-sR^ ^tU5? Rtf?? RC?I^
( b u m e r a i o n heater)i (R Rtf?? Rtt5?-4? R t ? I RIRtWt TOS I ^ WS^
t ^ i ? i 1 ^ R ? i ^ w f w P t ? m i w n t ^ ?t?t ^ ?sgt TO I <a(t UUiwi?
^ ^ Rt R ^ ?s?t TO I lilt f l t e l R : ? I f t - f ^ R W B <3
?ftc»t? it*inR Rt«ftt cffs?n ^ I
t R f ? R ? ÛlWiJ ^
(«) C»|RtRfP5m (Gey»er h e a t e r ) S ( R I ^ Rl?Rt«t Rtl? t ? ? ? 5 t ? ? t ? W (?tRt? ? T ? ^ ?s?t

^ TO I Rt«n?«t^ j>o lRBt? 1 ? ® fe?w? R i ^ t ? ? ? s t ? ? t ? w ? i ? t T O AT *mm
RfQRI ? t ? I ( t e B F t>n«W ifl> R«f?t f t U t ? RtRir?t TO I < t e ^ 1>TttW? Rtl*t ^ «
»t?R R I ^ «l?lftvft ? s f ? ? t ? ^ R t t c t ? R « I f RtiiRtt ?s?t TOl R t % siRtt ? s f ^ ^
(Valve) RtTO TO >il?t^'n5nan "^PT^ ?5t?RI? ^ R t d W ^ « R t T O t TO I Rtf??
^•iRtan 1 ^ TOnan? C^H%R <lldl^J|l5 ^ Rtatt R t t ? ^ ^ ? s § ? t c?? i R t ? t ? R « R R t %
^5fR?tan?s%l ? t ? ^ ÎC^ltjll; ^«PTt-Rtl1? ^ R t a i t R t t W Rîn T * T t ^ ? s t o (R? I
(ilt^lM Wl « R ^ TOS I 'Pn?W? <1lf^M<J R t R ^ t ' ^ p ' l R ? ?1?t R t ^ RIW I Rt^fC^ ^ i R t a i t
'SIRBR Rt ^ I %S Wm (RRI? tfBtC?? 1 ^ ( R T O t ? t R I R«R ^ Rtf?? ^ l1st?t (R«Rt ^
^ ^ Rtt^ 1>n?W? R:«JJ s r m ? s % n ^ ? s ^ ^ ^ (SPt R t t R ( o v e r flow pipe)
? l ? t RtPl R t t o R f ^ ? t ? I « i l W t ? ^ im ^ ? ^ R t ? t ?1? I
f^1%^ «I?W? CtRl? ^BtCJI? Boj OTQRf T ? t R -
Insutotion
T h a r m ^ o t
m « n l " m
Hot «MMr Cold vMMr
mwt connection..
Etactric tMd
tin*
typebeatins WatarttjTMr
Rn? ? f ? »t?R R t f ? ? RR?t R t %^ T3?tt?t ( T W t ^ TO ^ «Q 1 ? ? R t f ? R l f ^

^tw I fetw? ?t?«t wm ^5rg?ift ? t T O ^3?irB? ( R r i ? r i ^ ri? I
Contents
1?t^ cRRt? ^ttc?Rr tear wêiit
valve ball w«n< pip«
hot w«t«f
eifcinent
S Non pressure type automatic geascr with eleeuica! connections.
Constant volume pressure type automatic (teaser.
rUblmatottc
rod
Nob
TbsRDOstat
Contents
C ? t o tCRT^TlW
RIt^[?m# CST^1?R (ManuaUy Toasters)
i I ^fm ctftm (^) w43i5? (iBi^ i
frosi ifl^sl^ TOT^[?nff ( f B l ^ OT'TIM ' 5 ^ ^ -
•S|TH?T# C B l T O ? ? T O R ifltof* R T O TO I tîR Ti?WI % R to ^fto lilRl
^t:?? to wfsntr® ^ i ^ ^[t^r ^^r?m ^ I f e R t ? r i ^ n?? T f ? ? i ? §%t?t

(R<3?T? t ? m^ ??wf ? i ? # ? T to ^ I
Rt^pRS (îtTfR R n R l W B <3 (RR R l T O t TO I ?'«R ? ^ ^t^R I ^ ' f ^ ^nd^l^JtU R?5

^t?T W ? I * ^ f 9f ? 1 ?stt?t to tRt?nR (RR R i t o ^ t o I ^''R (^BTtl? ^^7® ? ^ ? t ^
?!t??(5te^tWI
R?<f3Rf t t t R C5T^t?R ( A u t o m a t i c t y p e T o a s t e r s )
to ii|?5|^ TJJS^JR 'Bttf ( * t ^ ^ ? l t t t ? top ^ l R S % ?TSI to (R«?l R t R -
i I i f l t o * ! ^ 1 RTCRll^Rf?! V5I ? ? t o ? ? I ?
8 1 'BttRf? to? I <?! (RR I fe I R ^ I I (SRI?
b-l RnRfgfBl 55. I ?s® ( ? * l i o I t^°s?TOWI
1^
'Wv.fSRt tt^*f (.ttl^jcim'^(.«i«pG ilRftf
Contents
tîîto c&i#rm cfftwt

i I cBiî ?t '^«"?n? ?n?'=t®^ to
îtoi
c^t) TOfe <3OTin? ^*ij R # ( ^ ^ cm\
(n)tow
(R) R t ^
WR
^R?ft RWiife W
I
(ITR 3p1^ R t t o I •
Cutaway riew—Throueh Tytie
Automatic toastrr
CRRlt(Rf»fR
t l R T l ^ iRRtt (Rf^ t^tofRK (Rife mi

[FtRtlRI. "^^ I ( R t o ? Rfl:^ "tfR ^ t t t R l (R^-iXl?
N?nR ( R f ^ RRRRt ^ I <Rto:H C R t o (Mixture M a c h i n e )
mm w w t «V ^ RfW i
TO "^tiw R ^ RR?^ trot? C#TC^
•:m'5K?T 2w?Tf? w t •^t^t «nw I lilt mm cRf*R-ii

t^toRR (Rife «ftW I R t ^ I R R t ^ W FRTM
^ I top ?nu5f? ^mti^ csrfJf^ ^-s^n
Contents
Soo
iWt^S<t^ (Kk-rlrir (.:allin,u 15>'lll
<J<J^M ^tRT RHRs W M ^ « ^ ^ m to tor, FRR, 5RRt^ 2Jf% R ^ ? J % W WtTt ^ I

*«M^R#lt<RC5IRR^
Flat spring, S Contact,C
• Armature, A
b I RRRFR (Armature) I tammer.H
^ I t'v (Gong) I
o I (RRC^TB ( B a s e Plate) I
8 I "sm^^Rlfes ^ ^ s ^ (Magnetic Coil) I
Gong,a
-Etectromognet.EH
^s^c^^fe
i I ^SltCStos RRR^Rl^ TtFt (RTW, Ritl ^ t^°v | t f R W *lfG<J»|WI R l ^ A^K tW^CBMJl'URB
CRM W l R R s I ? ^ -5?! I RRRCTR? Rl«IR A ^ % ^ J R R RtlTC?! TO I R I ^ CRBlR t V C ^ RtRl^
Tto TO I W f RR ^ igRl l i l T m w t C ^ f ^l«lf<<I»«IC<l CsftliRTRS*TR* RTC^TO? R^Zt
TOl RI*IK5I C T O ? R^tP ^ 1 ^ W f ?m I ' '
^ I R^ S RT*rR<=tW R f t C W I R RC?? TrRp? I R1^ CR&rfR^ | t c t ? RI«1KR C?RC?ftB RfB?sK?T
TO I
« I C?RC?|^ S C?R C t l ^ CRIRCS® ?JTWRrtB W I ^ s ? # I ? T ^ ^ 1 ? RIR? RlR 1RI^°V ?5?1 TO
ig?°v t W * R C ^ T R W l i ^ c»lMCfe^;?ilC<Ml5l5 Wl.-^s?t1? TO I
Tt^«^8 RTB? R ^ Cî^Rl? ?SC? t F I T l ^ ?STC?* TC?C?? R«0 to 2f?lfl>s ^«RI? WT

tCR<R$I?TtRC?CBR^«TW ^ I ? T W W R H R W W R R # s ? s ^ lilt RTCWRR? RTRI? A ^
OT? RR?? n?IRi RIR^s TC?, ?5C5T R R ^ ' t p ^ I iflt ^ R l t ? ^ R R ^ W RSIT RilT RIIRFI?
^JlvbefJ|cS<«1 ^ ^tT® t ? f ^ ^ ? T ?1?l RC? TC??R ?5TC?* <?r?Tfl^ ??f ^ ? T ?T? «fl??,'JC^ R R f T ?
to?T RICR I i ^ t T O tC51?5Cfil?TT*1C?TB 4C*J«in; i^?RI? RJT»tC?B RT? f^-RJTTCRB ^<3RI? ?5Q?I
« n c ? W RR5?? « f ? ? 5 ? ? ^ ? T t RTC?CTR? RTRI? ^JWI? RITI? n?W R???vs RTRIvs ?st??T TO I TC^T
C?R ^ 5 R ? ? W ? T t t o TO51 i#5TC? tIr?, C?R ? ? ^ T ^ TO51
R t « f t R (Buzzer) 8
1 ^ t C ^ r f ^ CRCR^ RTI? ? r ^ - i i l ? R ^ I
CsfBtto ? I ? T O ? R t o : ^ tC^T^s^ÎRTT'HRB
CRRR? * 1 ? ^ T O W RT?m R t o RR ^ 1
?1^n? ^ T f B TC?R RIRI S^RTT? W T ^ 1 ? R t
C?RCtICB? * 1 ? ?RTC?T TO I RIWTC^ RSIT CTR
C<)li'gj|R Wm RiWfT ? 5 t o ^ ^ "5? I t r ^
C ^ catwgUR ? J ? W RT T t o RR C?^ ^ C ? I
Contents
tcsTftrrm TO^rnum sob
C'FPW T ^ P t f>lQc«» ' H M T ^ W t C R f T i R R
C S I ^ \g<!,ip Tfit^l C T O J ^ R I ? W W I ^ R«1I f ? R I s r ? t f ^ R t C ^

^ I « ^ TC?^ to? m
TO? iflRl ?sC?CfI? ? C « I I ( R ? t ? ^fg
t ^ ^ T « R ? t ^ t ? T RT? *lf^ RT? I ^ ^ l CoIC^^
?STOT? ^ iflRl C ? ^ RT5IWR ^ ^ ? # ? T ? ^ lRf?W 80 ?T% RtlRTR ?5?T ^ I ^
^ R ^ CoTC^CSf? T J R ' v ( R R ^ ( T O & W ? J R W ^ t o ( R ( ? I ? R f 5 > 5 P j Q C ' S f ? T ^ 7^?r?Tn
? 5 t o ^ I t ^ l ^ ?n?l«Tt ? % ( R C S f ? Tifl^ f T j t o ?lt^ R?S?T«T ?5?T ^ I
8 I RTt«{P# ?5CT9r 8 t o ^ ^ ( R C ? tCR^^5T?n»nRtB TC?? ?TW I RT^ TTCS? ? t o ^ ' U '
R T T O Tf&T CPmS (?m R ? ? T (RT2?T? ?5 ? t o R W ? ! l ? ? I ifl??. ^ 1 ? t^JRR? ^
^5T?1? ^ C'f&TtRT ?nRC?B ?sc?? £ « ? 1 § ?s?T 1?? I C ? ? ftRtfe??! CRIRTl?fr? ^ ^ I c o t ?sf^
( R T ^ (RST?1^ ?5t&T ( R T ^ % t ? *1? to^ R ^ ? R T C ? T ?TW I
c ? w R cmR 3Pf^ « « | ! ^ T t ?
Tt?R «itot?
il ?s^(RRRT^?Tl RpiS'6r ^|i^*il iilîjlii M31Î <PQfJI f*fS6j ciMltCvs

^ 1
^1 ^ ^ 'BrtB W I ?5TW ?5(R RH'*! r^QlSt CV|<TI»I^

f R t C ^ ' R ^ ?SC?I RT 1 ?TI <fi?Cvi 4,ti< 1
«I R«?^ >l»v«l»lfD M l <|5i*II «M«1C< 'Gitt; -II

?sR?« ? T C ^ ^5n?t? ?S'«R« •5;9?T? 1 ^TL< 1
?1C>^ RT 1
8 1 TR^g^?t tll^-l <Ii(?*ll samtH f 1

<ii|?î? W T ^ ^ ? t o 1 JltBRM-i 1
$Rj(:<lsn;i <|R> ^l-sr HI Ci;5 *lJli»R<l >1IÎC*IJ M^)**!
Tc?? mm i
? T ^ R T I ?s1??T stZ?TWC? C??T?W
<^rac^ ^tt< 1
r?T? (Kit hair drier]
S ^ ^ t o <:??T? W ? 1 ? <Rf^, IR « T O T ? ?sTCSf ? T ? W ^ ?TW I 2?^jto (S?T? ^T?T? CSJPt^
t * t o ^ (RI??->il? R??C? 1 1 ^ I c s r t o ? RJIifcB? RCf i f T ^ T n ? R?I?T»t T ? T ? T W I ? T W RT5K?U
RTSTR R T t o ? to R R T t ^ ?s?l ^ It W ?C«1I A ^ ftl^v. ^ t o * TO I if(t âtolC*? '^^W

feow « ? t B ^ ? T TOS I ( S R T ? ^TRI? ^ ?5to? f? ? T ^ Sf?lfl>5 i?tc^ TO I ?r5r? f T O ?
* 1 ? to R?I^ ^ ? t o R T ^ «T?? ^ t R I ?Tft«T ^ I (Rife f T O ? Rf5>5 i R t o RlC?T»t TO I
?SW C R t o ? » t % ,?s? ^ I ^!R?I? ( W T ? ( S R T ? ^1?IC?? ( R i f e ^ f e R ? R f l ^ "tJHIRTFT?
^si?T»T TO I ^ RBC<I? 1 % C?!% ^ I
Contents
6oi v?iRT tw<^Gail'=i m ^
9^ il^ IRHR? f ? % p ^SIR?I RR (R^RI
i I tSI^N»l>iM Csnfe, '^l I f i S R , M fT&t<T R ^ , (8) Csnfe R ^ , ((?) (Rl5 Rt (fe) t f l U l W Rt®,
ei) Ri«n ? i c?i®, (V) t R f , (^) iq^^cfeR? ^nt? I
(4imw sit*ii«t^*iî
S<iixj!^<> w^rm ^ Rt ^ ? T t o s r i ^ <^9<iw (sriRfc^ A ^ RiRtw? i ^
W e A t e n SWITCH
i£|^ WttTRJlR I t W RtTOJ top mm Tl'!^ Wt ?R I
% R ^ @ T ?imiRR ^ eWR I RRt-
(b) ^ * n ? ^ ^STBrat ? 1 ( S i m p l e Iron) L

(^) Wv}2l5? ^5n?]?«t ?t (Automatic Iron) I
^w,I5<i' RtR to c^f^Rt
i. 1 (Rt? ca^ (Sole plate) I

t t l ^ i i f t t o l * (Heating E l e m e n t ) I
v5 I ( m ? ca^ ( P r e s s u r e Plate) I
8 1 ^ i£|CR^ (T^ra ^ •5:TW?) (Hood
Assembly) I
(t I R t t ^ RTt^ RI toR^ ?t1^ (Pilot Lamp) 1
fe I (RtBtf R ^ (Rotary S w i t c h ) I
°i I ?l7:?T§rfB ( T h e r m o s t a t Switch) I
Contents
b I (?rf?ii:?f58Tf^ ( T O Wl SwI? ig?°v t t t ? to? to^R w TO i

C ? t o ???M TO It W ^'fiR? RlR« It w w'fr^
^ 1 »irf%csj*8 R f e a m Wl ifjtoi* wi TO ig?^ R t t n 1rb w t
c'TOt TO I lijtoi*? t i c ? « to? ^?c»t Tj?T "mtrt t^B w i ' S t o c * ? R t t ^ to^ ?5?t TOS i
t ? ? r T ^ rt?c?? istor* top 'ortcB? "![t?t TOS i c???- eÔ, <\DO ^Q booow «?fB ^nw*! t i ^
i n t o * 8<?o « '^(Jow ^S?tC5? "5t?t TOS i5?»v W s J s R ^ T O ? i f l t o l * '^(?-o « booo "5t?T
TOl
« I (38pTf? C?(^ caiRT? C?rB TtFT ( T O WT ?s?t ^ I t W ^=ITTT? t t l k ^ t o l C * ? ? ^ ^ I
CSPTT? Ctft ifltol*W C?PT? ^ TOC?T to ? t o ?Tto? ? J ? W T?T
TOS I ?1? csfRT? c?j^ to TO TO *#Tcsi* ? t ^ t ? T ? t t c ? I cm cacfe ?n?
mt? ctn^ to? ?^*t ^ I (?TT? ca^ « cstm cais-^? ?c«tt ^ t c ? i ^ wm^ i?
vsH^|\s|i^ i q t o l * ^ ?Ttc? I
8 1 ^ tiiJtc3Tii^ 8 ? s ^ « ^ ?c? 1 ( T O ? Irb w t 2w?t1? T?1 ^ 1
t ? ? to^R cal^v ?5?T TO 4?°v t t l ? ?C«0 t t t o R ? ^ TO I 4 t ? C ^ ?C«TT i £ ) t o l * R?I?tn-i3?
Tt^'S TO t ( T O ? TT^ WT S^?Tl? ?s?T TO I <P«Wl^ ?fB (Rn:%?.TOC?J RfBTO? ^
ig?°v W^?TR ? ^ A ^ ?TT?s ?5TO? RITOI ( R t ^ f ? ?T*)TC? RfSTOTt "J^t?! TO I
(b) t c R T l ^ t t t ? i ? w ?5t?w ^ Rt^ Tot R?c?in rtc^ to TO cîto R t c ? ^«f?t

?sf?T5TtC?i
^ I t w ^ H j ^ tm ? i ? w T t o f T R ? ? ^g^sR*?*!? Rite?? r t ^ ^ crtr C & to ?i rc® i
to C«I?TR ? T t o ^ t c ? I
« I ?sR?'e t C R ^ ^ t ^ C ^ R f ^ t o *t?R ? s t o RI! TO W ? I ? T O ? R ? ? "?-CTO RtRI^ ^
??r
81 a r c ^ ^ ?1??T ? s ' ^ Wm ?Tlt? ^ t o Rt i (Rs??t I t o w ? ? c ? * cmm wri^¥?c^
TOl
^t>iW>6R ^3 ^ltt<Ft ^^)C5? ? F m ? (Use o f A s b e s t o s & M i e s sheet)
c ? n w ?1^. cm cal?« csiri? caT5-?T3^ t % > i j t o i c ^ r ^ t o i ri tot TO? ^ t^jm?
toRR RltTT ^ ? T ? W ?s?T TO I TO ^ i^rfRCR^R ^ R t t ? ? ? t t ? ?RtCRt TO I

? T ^ CRRT? ca^ ^gR?TO i f l t o t e 511 to ?1?Rt ?tt«!,TS RT^ I
«ttCSft%R55? ? 5 t ^ 8 £ ? i 5 t o t % ? WIRTTOs ? s c ^ ?s?t?{ 'ffi:?T%rfB-i£I? £t?R ?51W I
Contents
8oi^ ' <Rto ^W'^lS'^jWTOr^

i?^[ito «rn3ft%t^ ^ • w t ^
^tlWI^JlUw ^ R I R 1 t W RC«IJ R f t W B l l R ^ TP® TO 1 f f B ^ s c ^ ' v Rit^

TO I t R H R1TOJ % ?s%lt-ifl?I tt t f l ? RC«tJ f?^<5, R???f^ ?5?t ^ ^ ftl^v
lillRW^ *t?? «rfW I mm RtRt ? ^ ?TC^ «tTp R t ^ «m TO I w t «ft^ 2??J

R l l ^ Rf? I i£li|^MtI?J RI« îttfe ifl^ffe ^f^l?R ^ R I ^ RtlWt Rf? I " ^ ^ ^ R f % ? s % T ^
R???T^ R l t ? W ^tf^.^^f??! (R? 1 R R t ? f ^ i ^ t o t % ? ^ 1 ? ?Mt ?5f??t (RW R t ^ Wf?\sC?
?sf??t Rt?t? RlRRt R t t f ? mj RIvstfe R % cms] 5 f ! t o Rt? I l<^^<^ Rtf^tB? RC?J ?snR%
R ? t ^ ^5tC^ RtW I ifltTO RfWf^jfB ^ ? s ^ TO I
^"î^jf^-* ^ ftf^ * r l \ ^ «ji9?i^ te? R t T O (?rTOt
(A) (B)
Contents
80*
i It P T ^ i I v51? * # T t ? s t o ^ t W i s i C f J i e r w
(?s) i f i t o * 1?sS^ •5tRt 1»t?rn:^ I ^ i1??s? to ^[tc? I
(^) TO I {^) t l 3 ? i5toi% ift^ ?sto ^tc? I
(t) to ' J t i f t o TO 1 TOI^ 1 ^ ? ^ ?s1?¥l to ^ j t w I

(?) 'T?r?jaRi t i l TOi%fB ^ ct) i f N q ? s t o 1 ^ ^ ^ wnt?t
?stoi???ti to^twi
(T) i f t ^ Riwin to Ritof
? # m ^ t o ^ t R i
(?) «rn:4^rfB ^ ^ ? i c??t?^
?isto ^tc? '^?°vSR:?tw? t1??^
^to^tc?i
^1 t c ? ? p ^ ii I tow voto^-îi? m\ (?m ctJtB ^ I 1 ^ mem Riîwj ?sto
t^"i4?sto 'R4?5toc?i ^ t c ? s n ^ m ? c??!?^ ? s t o I
(?s) T ^ t t o R ?yn?RfB? ' s r t o to (?s) ? t 4'lW<sfe <h*1lt*ll RtC? I
?stoTOl ct) ajz?m? ^ F T T O cmws ^îto
ct) aict? RI^ mi *»f4 ? s t o TO 1

; « a i 5?if1%^ ' "01WS^ i i j t o % 1%^ ?sf??1 CRM CtfB « l 4 l « | S f W 9 ^ l i l t o ^ f f t ^ ?s1??i
R ? ? t (32IR1? CtftB " ^ 4 <P'Ôi>m I ??5Tit?tte^tc?i
?s^?T? ? ?
TO TO
I ^ ^ T j ^
?t?l
8 I i5to%'$^ 81 cm R??i camt? cac?? 8 I (m c ? t o ? R I T O I cm ^??i
' f e i t o t ?^«f ? ? I 021511? cs^ ?^«t ? s t o ^5tC? I
l^l^?!?! (?s) f R«f?t ? t t i?t% i ? i « i t o f ^ m f « ?fB-(Ri*B W T T O iBttTB to
??l
Contents
W&*5t|W*H *raRf^ ( R e f r i g e r a t i o n S y s t e m ) 8 fl?mH (Refrigeration) (Artificial)

tftc?i (WR R f ^ fifwun % w t R f a n ^ ^^RMR ^tRiîR?f st1SF?rf •snî I (?i 'rafâ
R I T O T WWSS^TIRSI W t R M R T ^ W I R M W ^ R t RlR^«t W t Rt? TOW 1tRt?R ? I
(RH^TOR? 5 3 ! 5 - t ^ ^ I t W "^RSt fe Wi (RflpwtIR*R-i£l? R t T O I % t ? H "^R®! af?siR tT? I
srwsw t r o ^ TOt ^ R W t îttC^S
( i ) (R^tlRTO C«Rt? W e t R R lRt7?T=r I
( ^ ) R l R t R f ? ? 5 ?t ^SJt?w4^ ( R t o t m ? tR(7S? I
(vs) f t ^ CSf^ ( R # T O t R ? toR I
( 8 ) RtWl- tw<l#<Ji ( R t o R R R ? to? i
(Q-) ^ wriR ^t?^ v5ft ^5fWt®) (Rtot^RR? ^r!7g? I
(fe) ^srttR (Rf^l (Rt|5TO*R 1rC§? I
C^) 3Fl54'5l<:^P<> «ll^«rl«'«R tRCtsj- (v,oo°c >iR 1?C5?f ^Rsnnit? St^f^) I
R 5 R t ? to CVi<MPi<l»jM C^Rt? W e t R ? ( R t o t W R ? R?CR?I ^ S R % lil^^r^TWiW I t?*nR,
litt R ? # 1 ^ ^ R ? R ? j ; ^ R ^tCellHl W t I
T^t^JSt^R ?t *flRtR -*R»*lfH< i R T t o R SftRRt
(Wt? C^@C«ttWR? R ^ # ? *1|i^lWJ Rt ^5im ^ R t wt?tT?f (t-^^twclSfe) ^R?tait,
?s«tt, Rt m^ R t T O t ? R???tR <3 ? t ^ toi^ f?f? âF^Rtft Ir?^^! ?s?t ^ ^ ? ? t Rt^lR? ^RtRIRR!?^
^•»W3rf W t '*iî w t %5r®R ^?w«t ?i??t iprr? i
m^ (RtolTRRR « ?s|%R^lA<ra ?mi? ^ ? J t R ^ T O a f s t o t (R?R, ^ 5 l t o -
WftR^,??-?tf^ TOto (?^tc&R-(Rc®kt, ? s c 5 i - ^ R t R r ? , top 2i?ni:?? ? t ? ? t ^ r k c m Q h , î^^R
5c\i>liSr|4^1*?, ^ R r ® t R t^JlfiiW 4^G^^lW«fC?? JIIÎWJ ^titjsmliiiis ^srRJ^^s^ ^ ?s?t «ittW I
• «FlR^.f?1%p ?fN5c^ t l ^ § k ? ^ to <3 ?5t1^^ (^B^rom? t ? ? f « r ^ ^ t o ( R t o i w » f ? R ^ finsiR
?5?t"5? 1
fSêRt <3 ( R ^ T O R I R ? ?mt? "Slt^ 2nRPSf% i C R t o t R R , ^<3RttR? 2r®t% '^?'H
^M? <3 7f?3êr <£| t W filCÎ^^?^! *t'tft<)>ltAlil^lil
M?IR?^%55T^'2^5?t1??5?t^?tC^lt^RttoT^TORR?#?? ^ 5 f ^ f ^ <3 ?^Rt^ ?5? ^ I
t t t W C r y o s t a t i c K n i f e ?CR I
fit?tR R3f Rt R3rt^rR? Rt?f&f^

(R?s|t??RtR ^^tTSTRlR? 2t?t? ? ^ ? R ( i ) ? 5 m R ? , (^) ^^ra?Rt?, ( o ) t ^ R t W ^ , (8)
*i3^RTt?RR (a) l R f t ^ U t o ? , (fe) StRt? ?t ($tRf?, Cl) ^ AW^m, ( V ) i£l<$VWt5<l, (^)
^ ? & t < 3 ? R ( i o ) TOR (RRtC?S?
Contents
?^C«r?H ( C o m p r e s s o r )
?JcstRm c s m t o | 5 [ c<iS|S'Sfiw«t? * r a % ? m^ w Rt*pR? rI^^ ^§strt w t Rm i
t t t «&4rlM^ Rt^ 9^ RiaitR A^K ^ C»n?«t ? 5 % n R R ! ^•4!Bt??3C\TTOW " i ; ^
^tt«»s yicRf- v5tva&.-, -^^m cm 11^ «&>Sflwc^5<l GRW wt?Rt ^
wr?rRr?r RwitRt cm \ ^ r ^ s ^srstRtc?? ^ sf^tw r i w t TO? R? r ? j t o t «f^Rstw TO ? l R R i t
î!7^3RR ?CR 1
<l>C'el>tW Rt?t?«t^ B . T . U . K w . k , C a l o r i e , J u l e t ^ W t R^^jôt 2|<lstR W t ^ 1
'^mn Sims m stm; Rît-
i I (Rtoftwf&^?5^7etRt? (Reciprocating compressor)
i l i ^ R t t ^ ^ R " (Screw or G e a r type)
vSKRfStft^R " (Rotary type)
8 KRl^tR^RIR "SttR" (Centrifugal type )
C#tC£frwf^^ ^ r e t R t ? W t k ? ? CRW fi't^lCR '^tR w t m;
(RRR- i I ^ R (Rf^TOPt^l (Open type Reciprocating)
^ I ( R t ? t $ [ ^ ^ 9 f c^fceftC^l ( S e m i s e d d type Reciprocating)
vs I Al'5lCVlfD«^ RI 1 r ^ "Bltt C # f C T O l ^ ? , ( H e r m e t i c / s e a l d type Reciprocating)
i I ?sCetRR C5v5,^ 1 f^rfei'^ \S I v»t^?f5, 8 I f f e ^ b l ^ ^ , (t I W^R, fe I iR^'St? ?t^/^t'Slir?,

i f ^ f ^ / l ^ f ^ , b- lfl%?1??,h> l ? n T R ^ ^ ? ^ , i o | I S ? I ^ 7 U | ^ , i i I ( R ^ t R R , iii, itîsf
^t^l, ivS l l P t t ^ t W t f ? 1
W « i ? R H (CONDENSER)
W?^5?Rr^ C s m f ^ W R ( ^ % T O I R ? 1 ? r f ^ A ^ I tItRW t ^ t?W^ fîU'i'jM ^ R ?

t R C R lilR^ ^ R Rtajt? % 5 R % f o^ I
^cetRt^ -^tc^ ? s , ^ ^ RPRRR^ 5t^«t TO "il??. "sttait r 1 ? w t ? 3 % i t t ^ t w w r ^SfRlt?
TO? RC? RmiR f%?Rl W I ? m t t ^ ^ T O ^ ' T O T O % 5 ? t ¥ t t ? t W H R I i l t TO t T T O
?%§^ ^C? I
Contents
8bbr
^¥CS?Rm
CONDENSER
T
«!IW1!M *<!>
AIRCQOLED EVAPORATIVE ATMOSPHEIC
i
\Ff?«T 'Bltl liffTe W I R ' B i t i
DOUBLE TUBE/TYPE SHELL ANDT U B E TYPE SHELL AND COIL
1^ 1
VERTICAL HORIZENTAL
?jT5i?m wi:®?s»R
NATURAL CONVECTIQN FORCED CONVECTION
1
FINLESS TYPE FINNED TYPE PLATE TYPE
^^•msrS? (EVAPORATOR)
« & « T i w » R \^L^w t«N:TOW ^ iitsi ^'^Rt ? i t i * f I ar^«i R R W T 1?f^ ^?3I:R
?T W I W & ' S t l W ^ t « I C l l W l 5 W 5 l ?C*IT ? P # 5 ^ ^ I RT?J •S^STCS'^R a n ^ l ^ ^ f w i
tTO^^^5R?IC?l
? T ^ «RIR? R ? ? Rt?JR? W I W ^ R a P R ? ?5f?m %55T ^ I
t « l C R ! M D < ) 2WRv5 ^ mm
( i ) vSRI? t^RTiRfe (RW^1 ? i ^ ) — ^ 1 ^ feWfSw RIRW W t ^ I (^) Pt^5vb
t^tCltWfe ( R^)—Pt^tfe 1 ^ ^^?lt%TC^ W t ^ I
Contents
8oh
iflRi ^ c«i(a!>'6nc?*HC4 ( ? F ^ k ? i ^^t^ ? # ? r a A ^ torn i w t < 3
Rmjg?! ^«?rt csTPP TO I l i l t i?i1% w i w ? ? 5 % n ^mi g c ? 3 i R t ^ ^ w îbitcô TO i t w
"mm '»iH^L<f>A^9(^ 1 % R f ? f 5 ?tRt Rm i
C?rflPWtI?^ 'il?5 «I<IIR? RtR^
t^j^prtc^ w t o ^ I t t m to?-(RR
1 ? ? > ? Rt?Rn:«f R F T f R -mm^ tiP^
R R f m R N ! Rm I < R R ? - R t ^ , R 1 « R , 1^,
1 ^ , RT«R, R ? R TO? d 5 ? l t ? ' # i J ,
1 ^ ^ , ?ff5t RRS-7f^, ^ 1 1 % ,
'^^lai ? N 1 Rm 1 t t i c ^ Rt*fm«t^
T^«nRsfi «rtî ^ vsiîw
Rt^, RT5R, R t t R ^ R i t e ^ I R R (Rt^
t w " W R i ^ Rt?m*r® R ? ^ R??i
2t?sTR ?5«n ^ I (Rtl^wnRto.
t^vs<4M Rm^sCT? t t ? ? s n i i f 5 r i ^ toi
?5C?II
( R t o T B l t J l R ? ( R ? s t t o l R ?aW; ( R R ? - ( b ) ? s C " g R I ? , (^) C?f5 R ? ? 1 1 ^ ^ 1 ? 5 ? : ^ , («) 1?1?
^5WRt ( t t R R , (8) ? s n P l R l f t fl,^, {<t) t ^ R H R f e , ('b) > « J t ^ 1 i * l f e I RI?t?«IW to?-i,;i
(^5TtCTOI-fe-(3FnRt f k ? ? ) I I I R G l t o K R % toR ? I ? ^ ^ TO I ttf? to <f-bo " T O ? ^
1 ^ ^ V R ^ ) ^ TO 8 o - 8 < f ' f e f ? s n R ? ^ I t ^ ^ I R I S i m ?IRI ^ I
( R f l f T O t o t C R ^ ^ ^ W l R ? I t t , R - ( b ) ? 5 C " g R 1 ? ( R i f e < H t R 5 C?P^ t ^ m ? (Rife b/bî ^tc^
b / ^ R ' ? ^ ) , (^) to. (v3) <3«m OTTS s R i B f e , ( 8 ) R H R I ^ R ^ , «M ? s n t o ^ ^ T T R (^(? <3?f5), (fe)
toi? alWfB^Wt {Necessity of Relay)

?rtre?iRi? ( R i f e ^ ? 5 t ? ? t ? R ? ? 2 ? 5 g t o R t i ? m ? # ? n (R<3?Tt to? 2 f ? R ?5iw i t ^ t wgrm?
(Rto? « ? # l tJlfRRIR R ? W t ^ ? 1 ? 1 ? ( R t o ? I t t o t ? R ? ^ 1 ^ % ^ t o ^"^t?^ TO ^ ' t ?
<3?lt%?JiRs R i t ? ^ ? t C ^ 1 ? 1 ^ ?5t?RI ( R ? I < « 1 ? to? R I ? ( R ? ? ??W TO Rt I tot?
TOP^^rst W'^ (R? I
Contents
8bo
w s R T ? csrtei ^ % R«wt ?tf?»v vs?nt%^^? ?c*u R l % t o sRifl^ ^ w w r vsTnt%°v

Rttcw TO I vsTTftlwi Ti^?m ^tc® R«r?t c R i f e w ^tc® < ^ ^ f l w
vs«t? CJB'p 'srfiRf R i f ^ 1^1 S ^ T j j t o TO? ^ t c ^ ?%rf (R? I ^ ^ « l ? CRt^
$(1=141^4 R1#& ( E l e c t r i c Circuit) s
0^ PROTHCITOR,
LAMP
COMPRASHER
C0Mf»R,6S50ft
A_jtuh
EARTH
RELAir
DOOR-SWITCH
iJOlNWW
>J I 0 I L y Le.
PLUG
Contents
(RtonRR?*t^ 8bb
«lt?RlRJTr5 (Thermostat)
V|itSf|36j|lJl m <>C^1«1 ^t?lan? TOSCSU ^?|3Rr5fC? ( A u t o m a t i c ) (Rf^^llR*!? %^C^<1 Fif
(Cycle) tot TOW «tTW1^ ^ I t t t A^ ^TsiM tot?# ^1tW<^S<^lW.
csj^^ttoiR ^?»s ?pTmfR<p (fit % ? fijtom tomro t ? ? # 5 1 t t t ? wi^ to? ? ^
(Refrigerant)-^ ^8 FfCI? *l|$l*»tR* ^ f f R l ^ t f ? I ^ S W C ? ? ( R t o ? ?s?? ( C o m m o n )
S^^pto TO?? TO mm TOS 1 Rn?ffeit5? to? A^ w^sm'^ ^ r?wif?%t
(Bellows) ^ ? ? t TO I 1?f?g £??f ^ ?i!i7?? w ? 5 r f t o f f B ^ ^??. (fwt^ torf5 ?t
?ra>9 TO I w t o f t 1^®r?? ^ snc^ <mFm-A?i I ^ » S ^ i ? 2053 tof& mm r^ci r ? : ^
m
TO
TO I tolT^ ?srttot fSt? vs C?mm (Capllary tube) (?si?l? RMt? ? ^ ^ ??C?? ttt?)
RT??i TO to«^ m ?^5TO ? s m Wlj.W(.l5fe ^ J T O R R Wl€t? 1?1<1 TO I ^ t ? t 3 I t
?i?i? W T toi^ ?nsm ^ s i ^ j ^ ^ 1t?nw 'ft^ « ? % l ^ ^ 1 cmm^ ^^r^m^ ^
^^fm ^ I c?C5rfw? to?f5 Rt< TO i5?»s ^*i? sm 2 ? ^ r t o ? s ^ n ? ^ TO 1 torf5
? n R :Jrp5Ert? s i T O ?R? toe?? to??5 ? ^ t ^ ^t?1 <l<JWl*fW R?L^fF5 ??!:? 1 voR? ? s ^
"UT^m ^ t ? t ?sr?r?i? c v t f e w ? ^ ? 5 ^ (?T? I ^ (mmm ?iTOt ?TOTt toi ^1??i?
^ R"?? sm A^ 1??3«t?sttT TOS I '^^-ifl? sm 1 ^ « W t ^ ? ? (knob) ^ ^ 1
?ian (Rik v5t?tR TO I ?'«R tos? ^ 1 mm ?? (Tif^?. ?5?t ^ w " ^ ^ - i ^ ? (isn? ^ s t o ? i ? oq?»s
po I n t
Capila»y tube
tof5 Rtgi^ t ^ T O ' B l R ? ?se?(?l? tot^ ^ ^ * t t ? i p T O ? T O t TO I t ^ T O ' B w ?

?I l^m^ C? ??s? ^1?tait? TOm "5tw ^ ( R t ^ 1 ? M ? ??an«iî^sl??t ? t t o ^»vJ3l5?TO ^
?I R ^ ^t?1 ? t t W I t ^ ^ R t f W T ? ? & - t ? (Cut-in) ?C? I ? ^ «I<!-^W t ^ T O k ? ? ^ I R r a i 1 ?
1?^1%5 TO ( b o ° F M ) ? t t o f <RCRI^ R*?r?rf?^ ^ ? s ^ I C ? ^ R ^ : ^ ¥??T ^5??!? ( R t o R s
31^?tol
Contents
TOT§jf5 ^^^m SJJTR atJTR R?«I«1?? R R -

bI tots ? t «IT?-m RM, ^1 W t ^ t s n f 1 ^ (Capilary t u b e ) , « I (Bellows). 8 I
tCR^s^^rm ?5%1^ t C ? ^ , <? I (R^ 5 (Range screw), fe I ffe»HWRpl«l*l^ (Defferential s c r e w ) ,
I ^Rsn^n (?r? cm ( T e m p e r a t u r e lange scale) ,V I R ^ (Knob). l» I Rf^ (Body) I
RRi^fr^TfS (Thermostat Test)
<i|R<I^J|l? R f l ^ *Wrf^S (RCRm ^ 1 «ilK<I^Jl[; « t f ^ ? s t e ?sW?s ? ? j m R?m?I

^g??. A ^ Rl1% vltWi'Blli.fe R f t ^ i R t o ^^sto ^?tCR I t W t ? ««OTfBlflJ ? R ^ ? 5 t o
1 RtCRfgnt ^ RtC? Rl1% f t o t t o i£R^ RCSf ?ICÎ^)lcfe <^m tof!> R M RRiR^ ^

RC«0 ^ ? t e R t W I tolT5 RM ? ? W ? RC«tJ b<>IWM 1%?:«R:«m RC«llt Rtf% 1^f%Rt R i t t ? I RI^ R1%
f t o t RTW TO *5tCR ^51^ ^ <R, « r K ^ l t f # ' W t f TO t ^ Rlt^ Rt? TO ^ t W
ItwfS ? M ^ R??s iB^ltWl Rl "Hiiltt*!! to tstW 1 >i|?R«I Rtf^ I f M S ^ t o ^ TO ^5)5t?r
^|to (R,RtC^t§Jl^ m TO I « ^ f R t B I ? l R t r ? I ^ 1 ? r s r l ^ R M R ? n R ' (R«RJ?..RtC« RfW Rlt^
to?rt Rftt? R??s RRttm to >iRs| 'tr?} t??n ^ ^ t ^ t t o i nRf^sTOtJc? "Q Hfcm
«ftWt^3TO5? C^Kaj ^^R^n^fRs >£!^ < R t o Rtf% t^rfto ^ S r p ? ! ^ Rtt^ f t ^ ? ! ! < 5 t o 1 "flft ^BHR?
?KRt%rf5 MWIS W l ? 1 ? t t c g l ^ R S t ^ ^^TtilJStfRBtlR? Rt^JiRTS w t Rt? 1 TO? Rtf^tÎt^
? m ?K3? R T O f f ^ t^St R f t ^ ?s?t Rf? I
SA1
SUPPtY
Contents
to (Rcl.iv)
to^ ??w?f?^5i1%^Rî (WH c?ife c ^ n ^ ^5?? R t f ^

tps «?nt%»v mm wiiPifew ?s^w w viit to m^ ^ TO i ^ s p c t o
R m , wIifeiiw«R^wivini<^ csnfe ^ ? t o ? sn^tl?^ îfe^ R«iW R l % t o TO*
m to R??sra ^ TO I
to «f?IR® 'ite «l?st?J; R R I -
i I ^TOF* ''«K?PT Rt »i«tFH?jM TBttR I
cj. I CRfifB^^raiR Rt i^td^&Br ^ 1 to I
vs I R^THl? Rt R t t (RBIR 1?OT I
8 1 R ^ t^R'^^ tori
(f 11^}. 1^; '^r (lOTt^ « r t ^ witf«fl>i«R) to I
R!C9»T tors «I?TR? to t^RfRt cm 4RI ? s j t R t ^ Î<wf5<f 'ettt (Rtfe'SlRC^
^sCWIRt^tTOt
» l i ? R s t t o m 1??s to t W <'W*lfD RCR's^Tf^ (RT^ ^ 1?Rt ? W r Rt Wt TOl WlRf^
'<RlT5ca? Rl1% «Rttfe«,-ir)? RtC? ^ i t o R q ^ TO I ? 5 % 1 ^ R:?1* Rt«ft?r«tTO C<PTf TO
«iPKTO <3Trtt%l-'il<I TO l ^ i t o R S ^ TO i t^RÎ^ cm csnfe (RW t ^ W ? t % ^
'?«fiaFCSi %lt5l (S) Rt^l (R) iil?l ?s?H (C) ttt^TO R ? . ^ TO I 1?7R? 41Jt4tRvo| R t W t ^
1^2r?rtC??®RlR to?st^TOl RtC^5tCg? %tt^l^8Rftt^^ lilt's ? t f ? l « R t t 1 ^ « . t o 5 T - < R s ^ R t t ! ? R
RtW R R f O T T O R ^ ^ TO I 9m m ^ 9^ cm t^SP^ ( R t t o t t f ^ « R f t f ^ RC W f f ^
R?P TOI C f t o t TO W I t t l C ^ R C I R T ^ R f ? ^ C<feiît*l A^X"^ tW^m TOt 'siR? to
W.'^V^VfS CRtet TO C f t o t TO W I t 5 K ^ ^ 5 R ? t ^ C^îW] 1?s^ Rf??s
t'st^^ TOS-w %fRk-*ii?-Tg|j:^ ^ - Q R i t l ^ ^ - ^ f ? ^
l^m^t^s^WRRs^tsRittot?^ liRs «(?c?^\<^^ RC?I*RR^ ?tRT ?m 4R'x ^Rltl^Viil
R t ^ R«»S#S5^ I w r ?tt5|Rt Rt^Pt (Rt6?I R t o R T ^ ?SC? R l ^ ^Rftf^l 'Q to ?5^R1?Rf
Rt«IK? t?^->£I? Rl3?t1 JOR Rt? I to W ^ R?I to t?«3J«^ R?t^
T i ^ R t ? t cRCR ?n8n?nRs ^ ^ h r ? to « i t o ? t t o TO r i i w r % 5 r to • r t ^ r i ? ^r«S
^ ^ t f t T O ^ ^ t o R m i igRmirf?T gÎttt^ 4R^ W R i l R f e w f^fs?^ ?sftm (R? I t t t ? 1 ?
Rs^TssiRi? cîifen; ^'SR « ^ R t ^ v «?nt1î-i£ifl3TC5l1^to?I (4P&(HSn; R t w ^ ) G2fR (Prob) m (S) ^ (M)
«ttol5tCRl ^R?^(RSt^?5f^t?Sl^(RRttWRII ? f ? ? s f % f S ^ ( T ^ ^ CT.
to 'WtR TO I R I ? Rt? ? s f * t o & ^ OTstTg \5Ti5t ^ to ^-^J? ?5t??t ? t o 1 t W
; ? s ^ ^ t (RRltW ^5tW^ . ^
"^^^^^^
Contents
l f ^ ¥ t - CSJlfe^ TJlPiHlW « to? "TOI^ ^ ? ?C?f i^JlC^lPjUW W r t i o o w «?ITCB?

^ttt?! ?i? to tor® ?sm ^ ^ t o c w ?t i ?f? ^rrcstf^to? ?sf&t îf??! wf?i? mcM
«l?tlW RRR. R«Rt ^ R ^ R t o ? R R ? R R ? ?f? Rtt^ f t o ^ ' ' ^ f ' R s to?! RI? TO ^tCR
^ ^ J ? R ^ "^tlR (R, to «tR R R 5 I ?f? Rlt^ ^to TO RI ^ - to TO Rt?R^ ^tc? (R.
(Rtei R ? ? t to ^5rR51 (?rf5? 1^ mm to TO Rit^ ? 5 t o t to? R ? ^ ?ttc? i to

^ TOR§ ^ ? 5 t o ?f? ? s R ? I * - ^ ? t t o l 1 ^ TO ( t o o t ? s ^ tof^ TOT*) TO ^C5I
to? RR^t ^ ?ttc?rc?f? %#i?5Tt'nfR5? TO TO ^ t c ? ^ i ? ^ RI Rt%? R f l ^ ^ i t o ^ i c ? t n

? s t o ^ c ? ) .
tolR CS^ f53f (Relay T e s t )
Wff?lR (Vacuum)
• ^5Jlf?lRRCR?^?1^'Q?J ?s?1 I (Rn?^Rt??f^^R???T^^RRl«tf??s?T^^R? to^Rt?m^
(R R ^ ^ 5 1 ^ 1 ?s?T vt>j|<$il|J| ?5n I (R8pWR?»tR R ^ i t o a ( R ^ ' T O ^ l^-ifl? ^
«j|<$ill»l ^ ^ t o ^JI^SRIR t R ! ? ^ ? a , 'R|S* CR^, « n f ? l R (RW, W P p i R R M , RI^R t^STtf?

?J?W?s?r ^ i ( ?11?I Rl«tf?^ ^ R Stf% ? ^ t f ? 3 C ® i 8 . « l Rfg GSW? toRlR)
f$pg t.tSPi'B 'i>Jl'$ill*[ gr«tT^ 8 glR? to^ ^ t e ^ ^tC? C? I r T ^ (RStR 9m RTt I ^ R ? P l t ^ W i l
^ l R t o ? R C R ^ ' R I ^ C R ^ " Q « I t f ? l R R W , (Sl^ RI^R ^ R T T O ^tC?IR ^ t o ^^C? I ^STlf?!?
R t ^ ^ ? s % n «}>*R|S* C«1W? ?IT^ 1rS # r o s ^ C ? , i a ? l ^TlfRTR ?5RRi:^ i C«R^ ? ^ f^-
^ ? s t o ^ c ? I ?'»tR toR^ ?sf5T ;Li6.fe t f ^ w m^ H g ^ ^rro, la?^ «iTf?T? r t « i
Contents
C?TOTM?F^
A^ ^^te I R f ^ (RRt Rm (M^ i t R i R ^ t c ^ ?t 1[t?fc« ^ s t w t^!?5 '3;<

v»j|$iitvi ^"tcvocss. 1 liiR? c R c ^ ^ ^ ?5fer t ^ t R ? ?tc^ wtfiriR r t r f ? f ^ ^ ^ t o
! ftsa? ÎW< -"("ivsl Riulw aWM ^ 11

RJ1R "511^?. ( G a s c h a r g i n g s y s t e m )
W&«tlWl5w trlR ^ ^ f e ^ t C R CRT RttCB C t ^ CSTtoT^ R ? , ^ ? s % r R t t C ? ? RSCR

W T f R T ? R T ^ iiR^ ^ R ? elltC'K RCR RJTR IrIR'SI? RT1ltC« ^ I <^\^M^ ^ ^f?Rt 9\i^W< Rl»tT
vso t f ? 5 ôjtfRtR' ? # ? r t (t/^ ?Tto jRc^ ^ 1M ^ ^ ^ t ^ ^[ITO ^ t c ? c ? Tor c ^
VQ
I R t ^ R ^ R i t o 1r^TC?? tew ^ #?T to toCSR Rl«tJ 1J1R S f m ^ ^ t o I R«R
C2IRR I>ic5ciw :•: ?c*ii feo i ^ , ^^î.^snt, 1% ( p s i g ) -^lo 9\,A^n^, % c p i ^ w r ? ^ ^ t m r ?

^ ? t o >il?°s to^tH^ ^1 W C«iRTtW I TO ^sC'tpTT? FT^J^Rlto IJTR to >3R»s ? ^
R f t o ^ I R , T??T? IJTR to ^ W
3
(TAP/ LA-Hy
:I I N ' M I
TTTt
l l f l
RpmT RC? ?5f?CW t t C ? I C^rS C«nR5 ^ ^ iil?T? ?sfQRC?? R t ? ^ CStRR feo-fe(J- f^, %
R i t o ^tC? 1ITTR ?5?T ? t o ^ vslfelvoltvb ? T O 5 ?T 1
Contents
Rit? TO î\fm Rt ^ wt ? t R i â sff^Rn? ?ta[ ^ cii#?r ri^cr? r w i ? ^ t c ? i
^lt*lltC^^ m ^l-I-HÎ*! ?tf^ ^ T R I WRRW v»J|-$?J|i| RPR '^pRIt t J t ^ ^ ? s t o I
^ ^ (RtoRRR? ( T o n of Refrigeration)
? t R <RSt? wt^StlWlR lil^ iJRt?) ?5f«»R-iH i i ^ o o o B.T.U ^ R ? t I R ^ ^ o o B.T.U W

C»ft?=f ? s t o R ^ ^ TO if wIS^^tlWR RCa? ^^RWt ??It ^ i ^ I
M.K.S R^ffwCW ? t R (RSI? «BpS?tW«R R I t?t?C5 Co Killo Caloric (fWft ^sjRRtft) WtR
?sfe ^ , TO ^ wS|»«tlW«lR RC3R W 5 t i ^ *Rt ^ I S.T R ^ i f t o m W&«!lW«R RSJ
2ff% W W W i tofPlR R t o l WtR CRt?^ ^ ^ f e R ^ ^ TO >^ ( R t o t i R R R W 5 t i 1%CRt«?l1?
*Rt^l i ^ Wm\ R ^ ÎRst^ W&4tlW«tR ?a 2ffw C»IWC>!!> i f<»Wlt*1 RtRSItn WtR CRtRl ^ s f ^
R^"??fTOi^(RtoRRR?W5f i t W l T ^ * R t ^ l i ^ R ^ >iRs1^ W&SttWRR Tig fit%
C>1W(.>6 Sfra (?.(?i<l fi'Wl'Sisi vstR C»ft?ef ^^tkw TO v4l<IW ^ ^ Wl|f>StlW*tR I
3 0 0 Killo C a l o r i e / h o u r .
* B.T.U- « I R R t R t ^ I)
* C.H.U-.((Rl%St^ I)
PtW^t^-fl ^ 3 ^ 8 ia.lR FI?]^ ?s1?i:w ^ t ! R R«n:R W f i1w? Itofe r:^-^!? r ?

t^ttC^ Rt T t I W58Tl^t?1?5FI53^Rl15llw'lStWI W'=t<FC5ra'f?RR?R?RC«IJTif?W?I^xj?
^1?©^ RI^ RWR I t W 1? (Cold) t ^ t ^ R^ t ^ l t t ^ I RWgR? ?S5[GSPTm
^1?W I
•il. ^ ew <j<^vs Cil<f tl^4)l*1 (>I(1^W<I W ? C 1 ? Wl1%^ to (R^RI
(?5) ^ t o r i ^ IR^ X'SR'BI b ^5tew b •<? ^ Rf%5 ^ W I R*R^ (Rt^TOi^'s W ^ I R R ^

%tt^s WRffRfe ( R t o ? RtCR TO I :
( ? ) ?»t*#iW8 1 ^ ifl^ 1 ^ T5ltt '^RR ^ "^^m I •
( 1 ) RJtR f ? s ^ 8 cgt3?-TO%-'i]? ??in 1 R ^ W l TO I '
(?) w&'srittt't <pc5jH8 ?silfÎRlft I
(«) t ! S t t * r f r a 5 ? 8 1 ^ 1 ^ T5ltl I
Contents
( R t o t m ? *(?ifw
b I wsfTO, to. '(sm (?n^. b-b •(? ^ ^Rwf 7f*f^ I
^ I ^ t 1 ? ^ W 1 l l R B ? 8 o - b b o . M.F.D ? l l t ? l W 1 t l R 5 ? 0 0 - 8 0 M.F.D
b
fe
* i t ^ R ^ ^ R t t f T t <?o'^ri^ toR-(?p^ ôo C5i% b f e c s i t o w i r s w ^ b 8 o o 's?ifBi

fe I WnP!^ b^.ooo bb-.ooo 1 ? . i ^ . t ® / ? ^ I
?5tof??
?5totSt?, <Prc\s t^wcBfe
(wf
f?«WBr t??i3«f R^rm i ^ ' ^ < ^ c? s i ^ f w
Rt«UC5} ( W R R m TO? Wt'RtRf, R i g w t .
R l ^ R ? R m R 'G f?®WR to*f ?Rt
t? TOW %stW1 to*f RW I
^?st^ i ^ . f R R R?R ?3Rft%? ^1?1T? ^
( R R f M K^m^ I /
w ) ^ T O ^ , (?) t w R T O f e . ( t ) ?sR52iR?. (?) ?sn? ( R i f e . ( « ) (3n?i?, (5) t?i%i? r
?riiytwt
'^?1? ^^tof?»v ffevoltîtU eil'lWI?) ?T (R?RR toRTO «I|T3<PIWI R f W I ? ^ ^ 1 ^
tWRRfWfe lil?^ R t t o ? tos ( R H R t f t f ? S R r o R R 1 ? RRTC?T TO^ I t t t ? to? %R61W Rtt?^
?SC®R1?, t J l R tot? ??lf¥nf 1 ^ . <^t?1?, t « K T O f e <3 R W t R i t ? l R t o R q ^ TO I
( R t o t i R R ? 9iL^v,^ tol-b^ ?1 tot-^^ ( R 1 & T O % ?1?t R t o ? W I t t t ? toe? A ^ ( R i f e Rt
(SrtRI? i f ) W ? T O R T O 1 TO— R f ^ t W K R t W f e « 4(l^Rl<IW to*f ?sC5 I ' ^ t 1 ? ? ! ^ % s R R t ^ l R
t w K R t C f l f e ' ' l ^ ?st??11^^ R l W P t ?st7¥ C R ? 1 <3

f^j Si 'mmm ^nsnan nmf^ ô°-;t^° 1®S) cil^Ti£p5-<a m i i
Contents
8iv ; C#Rs t i?f^^^ ^spcpp^;
^ s t o ^ m r « t « j m >8 ( f ^ ) spFRT ^
vfRHii -^m TOO R m ^([m îww -^cw^ m v s w c * ^sgi 1

^C^-HM ^ [ ^ , CT ROI? RT •ra%?I RtJgW R m (RC^ TOSI RlRCW ^ ^TC^
ÎRlan %3RnCR R ? R « ^ h S l T O l RtWlR «Rt^ w t I
" 5 t f ^ ^pfiWR RtR«nR^
vDI IT^^^sf^ *(c< v£l^-RlRR ^ 2tC«I^Wv£l^bSiil%W^ ? s % t to I

81 >i(l<j>«iw Wt I ? T c?t^ ^ W t ^ r h I ^ s R ^ ^ Rt c # r ^ R s t o -
<M tR^to»lR^"5t^Wt^fÎ
^\ ^ 5 f t g ^ T j f « v s < » Q j|«i R t f ^ tsar
• i t ^ R-s - w) ^ ^ witPffe c ? t t e t i ^ w ^ mm I
Contents
.^l^^tlWH *t?i1w
P
N
Contents
(RpRS tCR^^t^sjH R l ^ _
Ann iRB
?sf^R5i ^ . to^^?sTf*fil5# «^^R:^x5jt?r®c??v5#Rstcfi?rt^—
c-»i**ii?N R m R ^ ( ^ ) R<fiRm(?5^)
B.T.U/Watt
13000 3800 215 20
22000 6500 365 33
9000 2600 150 14
18000 5400 300 27
12000 3500 200 18

1800 4100 230 21
(Rs%m 10,600 3100 120-160 14

12000 3500 150 - 200 18
14500 4300 180 - 200 20
Contents
O B.T.U. (F.P.S. *t^rf^

O C.H.U (1^ Tît^
o
O C a l o r i e ( C . G . S * l l f % 5 f lilW)
o
B.T.u= i *nf?? ^ T s n a r f F ^Â^'i ^ ^ t o c? t t o i RRR TOW B.T.U.
C.H.U. = i « t i % ^ * w a ! T i O c i t ? ^ ? # ! : ^ c? i t o i sn^m ^ TOW

vflts. (C.H.U)>W I
p <>lWll = i * f f ^ ^*tRtan i ^ c t f ? ^ ? s t o tto«t siTRm ^ TOW
(Instolation)
T f W I ^ C5Rf "JStc^ Ifl- C?W i ( f o C R I f^g CVtW 8'-fe") ^ f C ? Rmi?Tf I TOW? C^fW
AC ?f^n^?TO?Rn?nRi?3^w^1?w^?sto?TOt^f5^
FFT^K (Servicing)
A,C-^ ffR^?si3M (Eva) <?W*IIW$I ^ ?tf% ? t W T t * t t o ? ?Rn? WflJ, R I ^
c R t ^ ?j«i^w m Ifi?Rti 800 «rm ?st%^ cfmrn TO ^ ^ f s m i t ^ f?a(t î^p^
( S o l u t i o n ) t s t ? ? s t o ^ I ^ R ^ w r <il?sf^ A C - W l i ^ f t ? ?5?rt ?m ?f ( a t W f ^ ) T O ^ ^ R l ^
wtR t'SPic'B 1^ ? i r p R r w l ^ e t i M ^ ? i ? ^ i ? ?Rrt ^
b I (RfgsTOfe/lwito fas?H-i;i
^ I t t c ^ "Bttt Af9\
O I *i>iy3iWNlt*1 >fl?T5 ? # » f ? % R -i^
8 1 Wt^CStW^(??)
^lRt%t
fe I w%^sn^?ft*5 %R-i^
viiwiRni
V I *fr?to^fe^'irai??sfe*R f^*(?i?Ri
(R)i?to??snitît-
(«t)^?snRt15fl^- ii
J» I c ? ^ (^?^) ^?<is ( t ^ )
10 I t^1^?1R StCTR torii
11 i ^ T O ^ f i t c s i i
Contents
8^ CJ#W ^W^(B*JI*1 ? t T O i ^
wGfetiw«m t w t e 5 t g m^ t^RiwiJw^ ytto s R t ^ ?t w f fim « t m , TO I<R^

^ VQ ^ Rf<^ 1?^ W I 1 t ^ T O f e ? TOt R T O t TO I t r o t ? 5 i t t o ^ i f s R T p m
C5|T5R? w ( ^ S t t M » R 1 ^ v4(^»j]^ ^srtW fe ( ^ ) TOt W t t5?in?? I R R f - '
^ I ^c,iJlwii5<^ >ii^»tjt?*Fr m I
8 I^ ^ # 5 (3Ff5 I
^ I CRt ^ # 5 QFI^ ^ I
fe I ?5jtf5|5nft (iirai*iit?*R ^ ) I
f>it*i*M7ff*im<i^?it^ f t R ( M / s ) W f 1 ? 3 ? s i t ^ 5 r t ? i ? c « m ^ ^ ? t ^ ^ T O 1 t^^rmRt«it?«f^
m ( 8 ) *Iin?I? (?#IC® f t ^ Rin I R«tt-
i I TOt RltSf -^C^JtHl^ PiPltJjW (fifm ôo-<?oo kg);
^ I c^tiRW l>iPi^l5i (io-vDo kg);
vD I Rtt^ 1 5 # ^ V i 8 kg);
8 I fifSRR tîtol? ( i - ^ kg) I
t^ffJiTO? R l R f ^ f ^
i I *il*1*M5l ^ *4|.«ltv!j...^/^*ft^,
^ I i R ^ t t R CjPRltt®... ?5?Rt,
VD I ? s t ^ ^ ^siTOs . . . R t R ,
8 I >i«Rtf??It-<li'l.... RtR?n%l/?tm/?liRI#.
<t I % R - i ^ . . . . RtRt,
fe I % I R - ; t ^ . . . R ^ ,
<1 I % R-i>...^ Rtm/^tR?5t ^ssjsit^
V I % R - < ? o o , . . RtR/(RQ^,
S» I % R - < ? o ; t . . . ' t t 7 R ^ ,
10 I % R - i i v i ) . . , ^ t R ^ Tj^,
i i lis?H-i8...%I, , .
i^l^5l%SR ?sl5T RtRt t?af«t I
% R R RitCRR ^ < R ?
% R t J t R (3Ftf?R 1?«f <^\<\\Lh< Rt:*U Ostt^R i?C?tIR? RT«OIR W t ^ I
R T ^ r o m RI?»I a t ^ f ^ <*til<*nJ (.^&i8tlW*ltH? RTR

11 v£RRt%T, ( ^ ) % R R t ( R t o t t ^ - i i , (0)%RRt«tTO%-iV(8)^?IRRt(R^5TO^-
^^, \(t) ^ - ^ R T O S , (^) % R - (to\, R t R T O ^ - ' ' 5 1 ^ 5 , (V) R t ^ I
Contents
^ I * l f l ^ <l>QCvs I
8 i < 3 ^ ™ t o i ^ >S I <Bv51?I CRHS toi -ift^
aic?iTO w t l t s t to
^ 1
?tec^RTi 8 I w a ^ r a csnfe * i f l ^
^-vQuftl^t ^R?T wsitig
(M RlCSfl^ ^ S(C?ITO
i I <>(.'^HH C5lf5? « I § ? v s R
<91 ^jrPfRift ^ ^ R T d5?m

o I ^jiPfRtf^ ^9r?n (^srt?
8 l ^ ^ C B T O ^ ^ t e ^ l
8 I^ l ^ s R R*hH
?sto^c?i
i I ^jif«pnft v5{<?Rt c%?ni i l?sjlfRRTt^1^vflRtCS?ra
^ RT I
^ 1 ^raifl v5R? ^ R R l ^ I ^ 1 CBTsl t l T R ^ R t o ^ ? | 5 t o
?P5J? W l i l ^ ^ R t I ^ 1
o rI J I R ^ Rltoi O I^ t o I J I R Rl?*J«f ? P t o
8 I W ^ R t ? CRR R l H l ^ 1
8 I W3R1? Csnfe R t ^ ^ v s R
?sto I
8 I C3l§WnR55l ^ 5 ( T O s
<H«iiîii to I
Contents
8^8
^^•'sf% 1 ^ TO ? T O t ^
o I ?sr*tRm c s f t o ? Rf&- ^ 1
c?r^«#i vqrnswft ^ Rit i O I 4C*£l'iW W l l J W ^ Rf&-
^ 1
fe I csnlJg W ? s t o « ^
CRTS tor ? F t o RW i' R?piT*R*[^'nintto

^ I ^<?n? c s n ^ t i t ^ m ^ 1
^ 11?lt?Br 4 1 ^ <»9cvoCi^RT I
to^Sj? I
b-1 c g § T O t o ? i % ^
RTl ^ I^ Idling ^«?RT wntRt
?5to^c?i
Contents
MEASURING INSTRUMENT
R1?JW t C ^ r ^ ® ^ R t t o toi wt ^ TOWtf^tl^ ? 3 Rt (RWtt'v ?CR I
l<^^<> ( R f ^ RnR?ftol-îl? TOTWI RfS^NStW R t o R R ^ RRt#5T(R TO? Rlt^
W 2<i:^p9£lJl?3iC*il; t i ^ W i ^ i l Rt^ttRJ toFRef w t RêtCW RC«U tW^^HaOitR li?RtlR? t t f ^ WR1
Wl C^-RmTOtt?^!
(^) ( R t W l f t tRiCsnife RtTOI to« R ^ W l tCR^t^WR R l f ^ W S t ^ I ^ T O ? WITO
1?OTR W I 1 (R??-<artRf^, c:®t% 1 ? ^ 'Q 9^ twil? i
R R ® Rl?Rt1?5 ^ tW4t!a<I^Jl1 TO% R<it?t (lvp|Cîl'5!i«^ sfm (<iiiiHfii'BM, c®i^ to? « to?) I

\3 t tW^âjlîl*iC'in?4' Sfm (<i!It?lRBT5, C51% fRBt?, «R1^ 1?fel «e -SRI^ RTQW 1?tt?) I
8 I ? t R 1 R a i ^ ( v q j l R ^ v Q C51%lR5l?)r
I (?Pt??Wst«I? aijt?8«^^
fe I tW4Cl5l§ilf^?> fil^ (iSR|S5itai IRBI?))
ill t ' l ^ w ^ w R I W 1%R5tc»t m ?5?t ? t ? I ?RI-
(b) til^wlU'v t i i w ^ I
(^) ( R ^ l t-i^W^J I
(vs) t?tol^«v t-j^w^j I
(b) tHffewTiJi t-l^w^ ttwHa^jlî ?1?RKt? ^5t«?^f^RI? ton ? # ? t ? t W I RCSJ? wt?t(R?_t*f?
f?WR^ ?f|tl ?IW, ? t W RtTOT 1?f?^ Rt? 1?% ?Rt Rl?l *ajtRtR5l?, <:«1?5 1R51?, 'Q?!^ 1 ? ^ ,
RIvS?I? ? ? t f e 1 ? ^ V3 fi^WICtl^ to? t'lf^wfD'v m I
(^) <R?#°v tR|?R% ?1?I t?R^^?sJt? '=lt??K't? 1?f?t W ? ? RI? A ^ ^ to?^ ?s?t
^ I ? ? : ? ? t-I^W^ RTOW ^ 5 t ^ vs 7n?.ctRC? ? J ? W ?Rt ^5t?1 RIW I
(vs) t ? t o 1 ^ v ^'i%pi^ WI R?(R? ? W I ? s ^ £?^1%^ R ^ ^ ^ , TO i t o R ?RI I
vs?!^ ^ v s w 1 ? ^ ? t i t o t ^ 1 ? ^ I
—(ts
Contents
C?tR?s tW<?lB<>iM RCRW
vflTTSTf^tt? ( A m m e t e r )
tti A^ - f e i i ? ^ ?ai R m RtTOi TOf^ RRiRf? •ariRRRt? A^ i t o R W t m\

^fffprtRPtCM W J R (RT^ ^ 1?Rt m R t R R S Rltfe f w i W J R doTlttl W t ^ I •gTlRf^tf? ( T O ? f . R f t ? 5
Wm ^'ZM^ÛS ^ I 1lT3rtTO RlTRtt wt RttW Rt i ?st?I«t to? w M j t R R ^

^ « v f f f t R l R ^ Îj^ RttW I
îtRfRSt? sitfm m «Rn? i ( R ? R -

b I "îRr?i?«t ^ 1 ( i ^ . l ^ vs t^.i5}.-js ? i ? ^ )
cil ^ t W I R ' S l t l I
(?5) RI?RtIR% RltlC?^ ^ 1 («^t^.lR-7« RJW5)
C^t) tCRêSt^^t^lRtfR^ ?t Wt?IRnRttR^ 'ettR
(^.•Pt. <31^. -Pt-i::^ ? J R ^ )

o I^ mm ^ 1 (l^.-Pt. ^.1R-I^ ? J ? ^ ) I.,
8 1t=iP5t^ ^ * t ^.1R-^ ? r ? 3 ^ )
(?5) f^'ttRS c?P^ vQ?nt%t t t t t I
g^t^to R t ^ ?t t w to^ R«i^ 2oijjl^<i^ ^ R ^ t c ^ 1?1%^ {?nu5 stRiit^ <IS|C<^(H

. S<I
R i R t t *£l?°v R H R t R t ^ R q ^ ^ ^ q ^ s S^^jjl^^ (Rti:®? Rf^ ( R t o ? ^ vfffpilto? totW?
I TOlt^ Rtf=t1%^ toR RttI? w t ?m I ^ ?st(R% RH^STO (RfÎRt?

<j<iî94«t7R t 1 ? R t i <^Q<i<j ^jiHfifGw ^ îms 2ic*tiet^?i^si RIC^ I
(iUl#^N R ? J R t R «I>9?N
^T1Rf?i?t? R?JRtn ? s f l W ^ ( R f ^ RtC^ ^ W (R,
t5t ^.lR"?t t^.-pt I R t R t ? ^. -pt vs 1^.-pt ^ CWi

R m t ? ^5tC^ TO I RtW=r« ^ (Rt^ t5t RR^ W t
R R I ( R W R ^ ttRsni ^^t?C^
RIW? <iIJTS]1?tR R t r ® I TO?
ôtW 5lte^ (Rf^
R?
1
Rite?? Rft^s Wm ^?i?tn ? # r « ^r? LOAD
t^.'^t ^ t c R l e s f j ^ feR?tcR3 TO?? icwf^ tttor

^?°s (Rc*t1^ i5!fii'tiw5Rsf^ R t * (shunt) ^? RWI^??
"5? I ?st<jct, i£|t «l<l^l*l >£ClIiifvi'CWnJ R5|^ TO* ?^
RT? Rtt^s^^ Rt*-^fl? "sn:«0 t??t 2 l R t ^ ^ t ? l 'ÎtRfR^t? W I R SHUNT

(Ammeter coil) ^ R^C^ ?!t??t RfW I .
. RT* iaTIRl?*t?-iflR R f l ^ RrtRtRtJR . R?ZRt*t ^sto I R t * R?I?t*t ?sf?Rt? 'JR t ? ^ l R f ^
?5l?t
X Rl
Rtf«tt^ toR R f ^ . R I C * ? RH R t f ^ to 1 ^2=7^
I9-I1
v£|TO li = to? C?8f
I 2 = ? f ? ^ ?S1C?*
Rl = t ? t o ? (Rtir^JT?
^nK«RS iflRft^ ^ l ?sC?nR? <Rf^%JtR i o n .5??. ^ cm toP^*R <to m . A (R? I (m?

ioo A ? s n R * Rt?Rn ? s t o R t * C<ll^JlC*1<l ?T? ?s^ ^ C ? ?
RRtRtR
^fffttofi? i R t o ? (Rt^^rm ( R I ) = i o a
1?*1? (11) = <fo m . A = o.o(? A-
O)PVQ
?f?^?snR*= (12)= i o o A i t o ' ? ? 5 t o ^ ^ i
R t * wfer^lH R , = ?
o
Rt??lWtf?, Ra =- -IX R,
12 — I l
o.o<? o.d
Ro = X io = = o.oo<t Q.
ioo—o.o(?
R t * C?fe%JtR-iflR RT? Ro = o.oo(? Q
Contents
8^v tt*i<*IS<*ji*i mmi
iilJT5lf?'5Tra? t ? ^ t » T C ? RI^ (R^Tn Rf? I

^ i m t R t o ? ^sM? cm mm ^ I ( R ? ? . o-
bA , o-boA, o - o o A « o-'ioooA I^JIIM I "SRR
<pt?, b1^ lanRfR^TC?? ^SBTfR (SPT « o A <ilTlRf^t?n?
o!^m\ I vat vfiTfRf%i?(Rs 7 ^ ^ vsii»t
wt ^5rrc5 ^??. ia?5 l i i ^ «tnw ^rtRt? -Hft^ ^*t

Wl I igjlRf^feR? RC*tJ lilR? f ? ^ SfRtfl^
?K»t
(RTO TO*
TO
2 f ? t % ^ t ? t ISTOR ??lUt b(f
1 iflR? TST?rt5I (STOs R ^ ?^
I
TO ^ W t RTC5 iflR?. <iR5 ^*ttRS RtRt?
C5l1& TO 'ftS TO W t RTC5 1
Rtn-(? X fe = «o1^! ^ l a ? to? (35? V50AI R l % f C5f5 RtCt? Rt? — = bA I TO ^tCR ^
?ftC? (R, ^ttlt^ b(? ? ° v R R ^ ^ f t o =b(fA ' f l J t R t o ? ??C?I* ^ C ? I i f l t T 0 ( t o Rti (RQRt
CÎR^ (Volt meter)
t^T ' f t o ^ ?5J I ? T W RtTOT (R?? I l ? ? t ^ ^

2!Tc^ s^T^jto wm Ri<m •ft?Rtt ?s?t RI? i cs^
200 , 300
ftlto^ ?5(T]5f ^ 7\oi>^ êf %n ?SRt^ ?5?t
^ I^ t^t tolR? to? (Rfirto (Rpt C«t^ t ? t o ?

vft ??MC*? C ' ^ i t o ^ ? 1 1 C«i^ 1?*t? ?5'sRvs
^^m^ m\ ? t t c ? ?ti ???t to? c i j f ^ ^ j H (Rf^ R>8?i?

1 ? ^ f ^ ? I ? I t la TO^ ( J 5 t C ^ T s r i ^ ^StRf ? t ? i ? T W ? W
( ^ t o ColC^^ Rl«?t ? t ? Rt I
2<Jtljf^«J> (RTOTOtRf®CSV^, cetHIWfDl C^RC? ^«,Rtf?^ (TO!^ ia?l RT?-C%R(R t R ^ ' s

(Incoming) ( T O ^ « (Rttl (Out going) (TO&W TO <Rt^ Rttc?? tlf^tf%?s
toR ?1?^ ?tf5? ?s?i Rt? ? i ? n ^ i f ? ^ t ? ? w T f t o s t r ? t??;t«t ?#?f? ^ cs^ tRto? 'a?yt^
Contents
C5i% f ? t o ? G ^ ! t % 5 t * t spm I m-
(^) f R T O ^ I
(R) t « < ^ C G l ^ l « H l ! i i < ^ ?1 ^5l?RlW!tR5m 1 ? t t R (t^.tR R t 1^.^) I
^ I R t ^ R U R * R H R ! ? ^ * t t R (1®.^)
O ! 7 ^ mm ^ 1 (ifl.tR R t 1^.1R)
(^) I^^RWB c ^ t w t > t t R , ( ? ) <?ro5w c f i R ^tt^J I

<t I tw4a>i4^n;<» U i t R {A. IR R t l ^ . t R ) i
OTt^ (*i'5N R<iCRlR *fîf%
(S5l%tR5t5l R?57n*t ? # ? t ? R : ^ ( R f ^ R t C ® ( R , <il.lR ? t
t ^ . t R R t R t ? lil.'Pl >8 1 ^ . ^ ^ R ] R ^ ^ t l ^ RtZR 1
Rt«mi«t^ (Rt%t ^ R R f ^W ?t?I (R C S t C ^
? 5 t e ^ ^ T O ? ^ f t C ^ <Rt% R t W ? C5t^ f ? ^ R t c ® ^ j t C ? I
TO? ? ? C®t% lR&t?1^ R t t l ? ? R f l ^ TORHR ?J?W ?#7®
^c?i <:®t%lR^1^.^-^RCBft^î1^<g?Rf5?5 R ) : *
R T t ? « C R l t t ^ ^tt^RtCR? R f t ® <RC»tfl>® RTt? R l l R t t ? s t ? ^
•^?RI
Rtl^trtRI? R O T t * t ^Pt??t? ^ Rtf*tf^ f??CR?
R t ? n R ? f ? ^ C5l(*6rîlR R t f 5 ? ?s1?C® ^ t C ? I
V2-V1
R«t1<?,R2=-——xRi
Vl
i^RftR, R j = C<5t% lR5t<Sf? R ' S J ^ ? e S ^ ^ S l T ? I
Rg = ? t ? ^ C?!ii^J1*i I
V2 = ?1?^ cm I
V l = C « t ^ f ? t o ? (R3?l
? f ^ ( R f ^ J t R lit? R t ? ? t t ^ ?5t??t c®t% t?&tc?? 3 ^ Wm R!l?m ? # c « ^tc?
Contents
Qvio 0 ^ tc*i<^Ga«îi*i ?CRif
1?T5t?I W ! i o o V C«Rî«r 1%Tt1 ? # C ® 4||R>j3l*ll«5) Rt? W ^ t W ? '
C®1^»1?to? WLEJ^JLR (Rj) = i o o n

(JS1% Ivlt3lW«1 ffeaP<P«R V j = i o V
( J 5 T ! ^ V2 = i o o V ?F?RL^ R T O I
RF^ ( R ^ ^ n t R2 = W ^TIR ?
io
RT??T WTF? <JS1%T?^ ? S O T ?FFC?* dv) = o.i A
ioo
ioo <60 SiOO
RtlâiRI? MferSjtR R2 Ji.00 Q

o.i
^smt,
V2-V1
R2 = - T 7 — x R i
V l
ioo — i o JiQXiOO
5
X ioo= = >)00 n
io
io
' f ? ^ C?8?W RT^tWt? CS^ ftto? R t t ^ 1R1?W A ^ ? ^ - t ^ T ^ 1 ^ Wlet^JlR ^

?%® ^ I ^ ^fto^ R?-t^51?p1^ w B r ^ j l R W toiR? Rtl^^TtW ?Rt ^ I R?J
C5t^ m\ (RR (R3f-'A? C S R ^ ?f?Rt1 ? # R I ? W?J Rl^?rf?lR?l? ' S F ^ 2riR1W%l^ TO I
• f ? ^ RtC?? (JS1% 1?B1? ? t T O RtQRl ? t ? I

< R 5 H , ( o - i ) CSI^ -^J^ ( o - i o o Q ) C51%
. R # 3 Rt Wt? CTOI RR C?f% TO!
W(R viltRtC? {o-(too) C51% R ? ^ C ^
IR&TC?? #31 C?RtCRt ' 5 t R I Rt^ f&C3I?
C'SSSfffe ?1R RT? o ( ^ ) v£l?l ^ RTiS?
(2WOV 051^ to ia?l CSI^ l R t o ?
RC«U ? ? R t ? ? 5 t ^ t W * ? ? TO (??taK5I
t t o ? ? 1 ? i o o V . •5.00V, OooV, 800V
iS^^ <tooV] At R t ^ RC?? RC?I A^ •
RCIL? R C R ^ t f S C ^ ? ? TO iflt RCA? RI'tin RR I vat R I ^ c ^ RC«I? RC«U RT?T? ^^QRI
Contents
Rtt ^ TO I TO ^tC?T C?5l1fe RC«II (tof^ m TO I A^ m^ (S^ RC?Rl

R ? ! ^ (?o (?oo W (?o W f ^ WT "^tCR sif^ RT? (?oo+<fo = boV I
R?l<5, =
•21% (si5 Rcra R t t n
0t%1^ RT? bo I ^W<tW ( f l t T O (vilBlW*! I l i to ^ I
*f«lH(i|l3l C ^ R t o « t vaRl RTt? (:®T2%5f f t o ? WT W l
Wl
cs^ to? TOR? R C ^ Rn?tRfCR Riwtn ^1 vaiWfilTSi? (RTi?5? T f c ^ l ^ i t o R?r?Ti ? s t o

?sto-5?i ' ^1
V51 c s t < : ^ 1 ? t o ? ( R t ^ % j i R c ? f ^ i SI? «Rr5)IR ? 5 ? 1
8ERIES RESISTANCE
O — W V - — O — ( A
SHUNT RESISTANCE
t^fST? (Wa tt meter
^351 >iR? i f l r ^ 2?5jto - T t o " ^ ?3 I ? I W RT5R?J R?TRf? 2 ? ' i l t o R ® % <Rt5 R t o ( P o w e r )

^SRl * J ? ^ <RTOT? wms] < l t o l ?5?T ?T? I
>eRl^ fî^tc?? «i«l'Stây»t

2?t5to (Rr5>8l^ ^ ? t o ? R T « W ''I?^ ^ t C ^ va?^ S ? ^ l t o ^ R T R R ^ P l f R csif^
lt?RT«I R i ^ R t o c ^ vfi^'v ?sr^RWrs 'ri??Ti R?1R1? W t t o 5 ^ -Q?!!? tosl-^? R1SITW%1^
R*fQÎ
Contents
«?n* f ? t o ? c j ^ l t o t to (R«w ^ I
b I^smiwfl^ f^.9\ A^ A. to ^ )
^ I tt«i^(3ii^jifi><t> *it*i <^.9\ A^ i^.^fR w^)
vs I t ^ ^ r ^ Uit? w . t o ^ ) I
l ^ i t e i TOl^ "BitoR ROTin TO I t^m Rc«iJ ^ TO* « Rt? osrtc^&ef
? S O T RT (SStRBl RSC?R5T«I stl^ TO I 1î5r?rW RttCR? TO R^Wn ? # W *Ji:^ « ^
5|T1^ w t C S ^ R s t o TOI* ?5C?IR « C2IR1? ?srjj5r ? t t t ? ? s t o I ( R 4«C*1iI «f«r^JlR ?ssj (Tit
W J s r f S w <MW* ?sojBT ^^TW ( R ? R R ^ wfer^JlR (Rt*f t t t W C®1Z^ ^ CSIRT? W I R RiR I
TO* '^mm 4?s arfS V£1RI CSTRI? RRRTR? -iRF srfS vaWI RlC?tR ? s t o ^ t C ? V^RI TO* ^PCÎWfJ
R R ? 2 t t ^ (RtU5? R f l ^ l ^ l t o va?l ( S S r r o <M1*H*1<5 R I ?firfSR i t e ? ? R t t ^ TORt^ RîiRtt ? s t o
^tC?l'atR^5ito"QRl^1?^R<C?W .vs^l
>s?rf51W?tc?R »rTi cR>fl^ • f ^
f ? t ^ T O ? «?f5 1 R ^ R I T O Rt'Q?t ? t ? l C?R?, ( o - o o W ) , ( o - b o o o W ) , (o-côooW), ( o -
vSoooW) I •a'ffC? o-vsooo 'Q?!^ R % (a®r (RRRRI ^ t ^ I t W ?t?2fI15g (o) ^ v£J?S, ^STÎRK^ vsooo (w)
•GRtS 1?Rt RtC5 I t t t W boooW, CôooW 'Q vsooo W 'Q?!!:^ ?s?t RtC^ I 'QRf5 f R t o ? RC«1J ?[^
t%?t^ R ? RtCÎ ât % ? 1 f e «f??1fe ( o - b o o o ) «?fD, "WIW ? ? (^000-^000) m\ R ? (TO
C5,cxx3—vsooo'Q?t5 ? R 5 IRRI 'snc? I ^flt I ^ H ! ^ ? ^llvsfDw o - b o o o «*illi5w Rt?1? R ? t ? RTlt
Contents
8v5v5
RC?ra R??tlt v5of& I ^gvo?rt?, vsooo 'QÎTJW VSO m t « M
O O O O
w t ^ t t o I 2tf^ RC?? ?l?

vso
boo 'S?f5^5tC?l-
R*^«t (îR??!?
\5l?R =
( R * C5f5 ? ^ R??lJt
Rt?t?J«tW i ^ t T O «?f& 1?tRR? f t i 1?C^ ^ I
^jSCSt? ( W h e a t s t o n e Bridge)
^ t 5 Z ^ |tW liTSR ia?5f& ? 3 , ? t W R t T O J (RH? RWt?t «f«t^JRR<J RH f ? " ^ ?s?t ? t ? 1 i ^ T ? C ^
ftW ^tt%? ^ t ? RsBcvo Rtf^ttifRs 15^ 2 I T O ? t - i ^ W * £ô?tt? ?5?t ^ I ??1-

b 1 lR&R|t^,
AI C R t § R f ? 5 R R ^ I
J c S t R ^ t ^ - * ^ t ^ R fifRT^ ( C o n s t r u c t i o n o f Wlieatstone Bridge),
ftW Ft?t^ lQ<l^4, A B , B C , C D A^K DA

?I?t *tfiw I t t o ? <Rt? ??13RR p, Q, s A^^. R to
W ? t ( W C?RR ^ I P 'Q Q ( R t i f t e >i5?°v S
ll<<lvoH% C<lB?^JH « R ^ ^(WRt (Rl? ? 1 W ?1?
Rift? ? s f e - ^ C ? I B <3 D->il? R R I T O Kg ^ ?l?t
tlRTOHtRSl? lil??. A « C-iil? TOf Ki îf? ?1?1 ?Tf5tf
t??3«t ?s?t RtRIC? I
ÛcBlH |t5f R?PRtR R ^ ( C o n n e c t i o n o f W h e a t s t o n e Bridge)^ HjT
s^tGCÎ? ft^-'a C?tl? R?C?R ?s|??l? ^ R t i ^ TO "SIR?

? 5 i ^ ? ^ ? s t o -^c? (R, t w tmTOt1?to? ? ^ ^
TO W1C5 f W l , ? f ? ? t TO TO ^tC? ^ >ilWl% ? 5 t o
^StC? I t t l ? t ? CSJRRR? R^Rlvo (Rt^^nR-iil? R^Rl^s ^ "TO

?!f^t (^R) Fit f?CW ^ t l ? 'a??. ? ^ /^f^ ^tC?
t l R T O T l f R t o ? ??t5t (WH to ?T?I ? f ? (R?? to ?t ?T?
TO ^ t C ? RÎC^ "^C? ?jf5tlt T 5 t ^ ? t kt^lik I
??Rto^c?i •
^ t ? t ? C? (Rf^ÎtCR? Rf? f ? " ^ ^ t o TO
(RtR-iil? R f l ^ ^ 1 ? T O R?C?tt ^ F t o ^ C ? I .
—act
Contents
^ T I W ^<î\^-A?[ R R R ? f ? 5 0 R ^ R : M t R Wf^JlCR*! R R RCRf^ RlRm t R W f ) R ^ ^

( R t o ^5tiR <R 'iJlRTOlfR^nR? (R^H ^ f ^ C ^ fef OTRRI C ^ f e R ^ f ^ i l ^ f ef (TfRttW
t W ^ to toFf ef ( R T O R ^ (Rf^%1R-va? R^Rt^-iRI

RR RlTO^ '^R' (tR) ^ »|f^<\^H% «f6rîlR-va?
R R R ( f ^ t J I T O R f t o R ? ??t^ Rtcn to R i t o I
tR ^ R ? ' ^ R? tow I
•aWlR^m R t o 5 ? % f «iej^JHR<} R R ^ ( T i t o Rtcw

^5tw I ( R t R°vCt R ^ f f ^ ( R f ^ ^ - v a ? R R Ri/Rj-va? R R «
( R t o ^5tW I R^RIW 'Q <ltt?ô?%f (Rf^%tR A-â? t t o l f W
«f^5j|-»l ^ W R = AxB ^ G W I I
«I?|8 A >£R°s C-AH ?«URff TO ^ Ka-va? Rl*Ot?

•il^sj^ ?jf&ff B W ^tRIC^ v«l^°s E ^ D W 'iRsf^
t T R T O # f ^ - v a G A^'s A^ 5tf? K j W l R ^ W ^tto I K j vfl?»s Kg 5Tf? ^ j t t o R^to

W ^ , W'SR to^ ^?IR? to? to f?^<^ RRlftw TOl' t W (RiW^lKR? R H
R1%?RI
P R P
^RC?? "StC^ R ^ Wf^^JlR = ~ = ~ ?t R =~xS
9 s 9
(lilTO R ^ RWIRt (RfirgJIR I R f W R R Rift? ? s t o ^ W I P, Q , S->a? WiRf (Rf^^JIR
? 1 T O ? Rl? (R^Rl TO I
(RiipglKR? RR to W I
s^tiJC^H f t e W VD ? t ^ ?RPIRR 8 , bo vq^l bfe ^ ? ? ^^1??1 F $ < ? 1 ^ ?SW ( R l ? R ^
^^Fto R R J T ? ^ R1^ ^5tw I
P R
^SRlRRlWll?, - =- „ (b)
9 s
• a T O P = 8 n , Q = boQ, S = bfeQ
R f t W t (b) R^RtC? t?C% (Rl«l
Q R
- = - S? 1 RSxbfe
P Q = PS
R =
Q = bo
Contents
b]<\ 3 ^ ( 7 » I R ^ & I < I L O H I N ' S A N D AVOIUETERI
ttt A^ S^tjjto I R t W R t t o l (RSH <#?r% R«RI (Rt^r^THR? R t o s R R C<Br^Jl«1 f f R t t
W t ?m TOW RCR1 RTRt? (R t?*t?t' W t W R * . <3 wf^^JlR Rt?RT*f W t W
Wt?OW R ? ! ^ ^ A v o m e t e r ?W I
ttjR « H T ^ (Construction of Avometer)
(R?R-(b) t t o f e ^ T O f e , (^) iRTRfe ^ R ? . (v3) ( R e ? T 1 ^ i * t t o R , (8) (RWT1%»s'5ltR?tR
( W t ) . «t) R t ^ <3T5 iJifSlHl*!. (fe) ^ viOlfe'Stll^lR?, e^) (R? C ^ , (V) t t e s f e RiR*t?I, (H)
%1?(R5WW1%, ( i o ) ? ? ^ f & ? T W R , ( b b ) ? t W R i ? ^ . (b^) W R ^ W h p E (bo)
1 ^ (J5^. (b8) S F t t ^ (R5^1|5*f, (b(f) W R f e f|s*f t
^ EXTRA ACCESSORY
>®^lRi?mRTOr
W t ^ C 3 ? C<tfs?^JlR vs «f^'B|i<1< C ? f ^ ^ R f ? R t * f 1 R ^ RRW W t ^t?!RIWI
TO ^ « I R ? « R ^ R t t ^ , ( R f ? W t f e « t P ^ f w t ? i f t ^ - t ? f t ^ <isQ<t<i vs^ IRSBI ?J?W

^^RtRtWI
'QJ^PlUlWil «Ft*f R ^
'0^ tR?tW? ^ * t t R R t ? R ? t ^ ? s | f C ^ R F S F T W A R I ^ ? t R l t ^ R ? J R T N "^m^ ^ I « ^ i R t o ? îtt^
?5C?I? « t t W I ? ? t - A^ 1 ^ ? r ^ v ? s c ? J ? R ? ] 1 ^ 4t$lPl°s?s:?JR I ? f ? t l R s t t t t f ? (R%^gC?? R t ? R ^ ^
TO ^ t C ^ 1 ^ ? I ? S 1 K W ? K ? ? R*tJ f ? ? t R W t ^ fm W R * R ? l t | w - ^ t W I f ^ ? s c ^ ° s W ? R ! R ? R * U f ? ? T
Contents
% P R p | W R RCRW
(RSR TO* mlf^ RT I ?n?I«T, RT* W I F T ? C W T ^ RT? ^ I iflRWT?^

l^tl^Pfk ?RC3Rt?I ^JSRP RRC5RI? affwI^Rrt? W T Wiet^JiR-iflR R T ? R ? I 1?sf feS^pt^?.
?RRW? R?J to ? ? C ? * fitRT^ ^ RT I W T <>Lii^% <JsC?iC*1<T ^ ?RC?Rf « ^ •5;9?5 ?RWn?
R t ? - R t ^ 2d%1§RI1R R W ' Q ^ toe?? ??i^ ^ TO R ? ^ (R'?tltC? I ? f ? ? j ? ? T R T % ^ (Rt^^TTCR? R T ?
R % I «'^pIRRR? RT?ITRT% ?1W I W ^ fectt^s ^ ?5rtl^°s <^Lii(J^^ R ? J to glCÎ'Sf^?] RTynlvft-^valc*!
? ? 5 I * «tRf!tW ^ ( RtW, W T ^ ? R R W R 'SW? ^ ? ? 1R®? ? 5 t o « ^ toC?? ^ C<W&m-A?i
Rf? ton ? 5 ^ ^ t ? ^ r m . ? % ? I ifitTO « 5 ? i?i5T? ? ? ? ? # ? T TO I ^

^1Sf&tRR<W)M ^ Q ' l K * ^
(RSI? (RI^TO? RT R t o ^ TOI? C?|et^Jl^ Rl?RT*l ? s t o ? ' p ? « ^ to?f^ R f ^ ?sto to

^5te? I « ^ 1^*l?t^ toR^ ? ^ ^ ^ R R t TO to I ? ! ? RT TO TO "^CR A V ^ ^
R?Tt?T toR?s T ^ ? | t o s ^ RTCT R T t o ^ t c ? I t t l ? * t ? « ^ l R t o ? (SRR ^jtl^ R ^ ? s t o t t c ? 1
RT^ ? s t ? T ? f ? ? f ? tol^ ^ f l y ^ <SM ^ T f ^ ? T t o ^ ? ? T t?f?S

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Rit^ £ ? t j j t o -fe.f^'cw TOT I Ri«fm<tw ?i?mw7i A.P\ ^mm. wi
^StRl TO I -il.tR-W t^.tR'IW t t l t W ?stl?H ^ C ^ ^ t ^ t T O T O ? R W J ^ ste?nW%lWt I lilt
^ >QCg^ W<l»NJF?H4*lH (Half w a v e rectification)?
liRsf^ vmm
-sira ?s|??t c? c ? R # f T O * R nt^R! ?m t r o ^ ^w® c<<iifDf*fw*R-?7?T i
f ^ . A^ Htm-'m "511*11 to TOt sRiftw ^ I ?si?t, w^Rf^ R r n i R (R'QRI TO I
toR RITOR (RRR (WH TO* S f R l f l w Ts;? ? 1 1 ? n c ^ lil.tR Riait-îl?. C W l W ^ R I W RRHR? RR?
R^ RftWR TO* aiRlflw ^ I1 ^ toR RIRRR? R R ? S R l f t w TJTIJ i ? | vsf^ R t t W C ? ? WV
TOITO lillRTO ^rm^ « (WC?1W ( R C t l ^ TO I. A^ (N) (R^FTOF (mms ^ p (f^) (?f^»HW
iilTRTO?C?l r — O h
Rl?T
^
to
A.P\ R C S f t ^ R T t W R ^1 R f R
smt^ ^
IHwHSi ^.IR
I lilt
R1>8?1 ? 1 ?
??e?? TOrR?5?
I lilt
TOnc^
R 1 ^
R I R W l ^ s 1^.1R-
' • • • 1
1
(Rs f^p%R ? 5 t o ? W?J R f w t o iil?s1* totR
RTfwS ^?I?tn ? 5 t o ^ I (RRR-??1R|1R5? ?1
lil?? ?svs®t? RIl'ItlBmR ^ «C?« (R^f&fTOR? Rl 1M(L>lfD?. ??iiR* ? T O ? ?^
^pjf??!^???^ I IMC-HH;?, TO* lR%r? ^^t?RI? WV ?5nRtfR5? lilt R l t w 5 R T R ^ ?s?1 ^ i ? ^
(R^ptoRt? t e s f l ^ ^ >lltW(L1<I R ? ? ?s^T<l#?. ^ W ^ RitZR? ( R C t l ^ SJI^ ^tCW (TO5? Rl?I
to TO* ar?ift« ^ r . t i ^ ( R t RR? ?5nRilR5? t t t ? R w i ^ TO ^ ' ^ I R«HWI?^

s n t ? ^ti:w R(Rr^ to ^to TOT ( R t R?? ?siTRifR5? f^^bi^ ^ i ? ^ ? ? ? ^ c ^ i e ^ TOr ^ t e «
RWT^ to F t o TOT ( R t RR? ?5nRttR5? tor|^ 7jt?T (RTÊ? ??T to ? n w * fif?Tftw TJÛ |
? ? ? (R^^toRHR? R 1 ^ ^ C^n^ W?H WRtlRT5lR? R1?3W R % ^SfTC® ^srfc® % ? F ( W ^ I
liltwiC? 1?R? lilJiRftlJIW ^^f??1 Rl? iil?°s R 1 ? C 3 # ? . W ? * W 1?5%1? ?R1 "5R I RR)^«|c< nMC^f^v
TO*W W n R I ?T? I (R??-

i I ?5nRltR5? tol? I vs I i£]cT, fTf t^%|^ I
^lt®T?5totoT?l B I R R . 1R toi? I
TO ^ ? ? ^ t?i1% toe? ^ i ^ n « i t ?5?i ? i ? -
b I (?n-RpT tot?, I TORPT toi? i .
Contents
NIL WAVE RRIIFICALUIN
^-am'{R¥1#^'TO; 4Q<ji< OTTw '55i«r?f OTT© <tj<iî< ?s%n f ?
'QVm ( R ? s f 5 % ^ w i t ? I îtt? fifto ^ vse?r5 c^^^n^Ri'Wt? w i ^ t ? i TO I i i
BWip-iviiw '5m t'^J^bii^ mm ?#5n «e?j« c<)<s^!i;f*fwfT w t ?m i
^ 1 ^ t ^ i t e 5t?t? TOT^ ? j ? ^ ? # ? n oe?® w t ? i ? I
TSft «e?r5 ( S R s f ^ t w T O ^ TOtw ? m i ? WT ^ I StRW5TT?-iii? ( T t e w t e ct*i? tnt
?#?t?T W ? vq?5 afi^ 4 ^ ) 5 ^ lesffSo ig?»v ^ t ? s f t ^ C?el1^ ^ i B!*1*f^*ll?-^ ^'sm OTTC®?
« 5 T ! ? . - ^ WT TO I ?T5t? W T i£l?!f? TOTW? i£ir?tW ITiSfl^ -^C? i 5 C ? T ^ (?TC*l1^ ^ I
Aî.t^ TOwT?toif^ R^TOw D i TOTw 9m sm^ ^ R ( R T O ? ?i:*tj fett to
1?5tt?TRTPTI AJmm ( t o l ^ R t t c w E)2 ^ 2 r ? i 1 t w ^ ?Ti mm a.9{m t e ^ f t f e R t t e w D2-
AH ?*tJ, to 2 t ? T % ^ t ? T RfRITO? W to C?*T? ^ t ? t R ^ RTW I ifl.t? R^ (RCtl^
Rttw R ? ? Di-«a? Rc*tj to sr?tf|w ?T I S T R w s n ? - i 5 ? TOnto ^ w ^ t a.9\ mt!^,
g f t ^ . W ^ t WTIWTW t i , t n ? i : ^ ^ t f ? ^ l ^ f ^ W T O W R * a r m ^ ? t t o I i£ltTO îtl? W(«|{.fe?
Rt«rJW lil.l^ AS(;?J«C<? f R <3t?5 t ^ i w w t ? i ? I •
toOi, D2, D 3 « D 4 Ft?1^ wtmw, c<if^^t<T <3 A^ tt^twsn? Rr?5H ? 5 % n ftw
(R^^toRt? DARTI? W ^ I D] <3 D 3 t R t o ' ifl?°v CVj <3 D 4 IRTO ^ÎRlt WT ^TO I 5l*1^<liJI?
2f1^ ? ^ R C S f j ^ ^ I W!|? W R * Di (ms <3 D^-A^ ?«ff to R?tf|w ^ I TP'TWRT^-'it? ^ f ? . R t ^
IWLUVS ^ ^ C ? W R * D2 <RT5 <3 D g - i ^ ?*JT to 21<rtf^ ^ I (RTE i l ? to W?*
RRt^ ^ ilR?, 2 I ? t r ^ F?^ ^ CWit 1 ^ to ^ I ? ? RF??T ^ At, TIRRRSN? (WR
(R*t? to ?#Cvs ^ il??,^5n^ -jj^ c«IC^>Sr ^ ? ? 1 ? ? C ^ , ftw C?^sj^WT? %S«t Rt«?T ? t ? i
^ 0, conducts
D.C. fiHerri
/ /- 0^ conducts outout
DC. pulutinq
•utput
—fi-H
Contents
COLOUR CORD ON R E S I S T O R
Colour Cord 1st Digit 2 n d Digit Multiplier Tolerance

<>m 511 ( B l a c k ) 0 0 X 10° = 1 -
<1"v (Brown) 1 1 X101=10 ± 1%
RM (Red) 2 2 X102 ^ 1 0 0 ± 2%
w n (Orange) 3 3 X103 =1000

-
iK^^ <l"v (Yellow) 4 4 X104 =10000 -
>lt'Sr <X (Green) 5 5 X 105=100000 -
%T m (Blue) . 6 6 X 106 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
(RS^ (Violet) 7 7 X 107=10000000
^ (Grey) 8 8 X108 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . -
•Hhl ? t (White) 9 9 X109 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
C>1Ht^ (Gold) -• - 0.1 ±5%
R [ t # ? ? , (Silver) - - 0.01 ± 10%
R^l'KNo colour) - - - - ±20%
. ^ W t ^ R S R?f%W C<ll€f^M<1 «fe5j|R W W?
R Y B
(T^^'D) )—
^ mm
RM = ^, ^ ? l = 8 , RTRlft ?°s=b
.-. ^ 8 x i o i = ^ 8 o Q + i %
tBWKtlRg ^ ° s t o C<JI^5W<1 wBr^JlR W W?
R Y B R
Contents
8(?b
RM ,^ ? ^ = 8 = fe, R H ??.=:^
.-. ^8x)>o^:i% = :i8oooooo+:i%
^®Wtl?rt8 R ? t o ( R t ^ ^ e ^ (Rt^tÎTt W •J^W R t t I ? W ?
R Y B R G
—023:22113
isfif ^jt'^'sfTOn
R1R ^, • ^ • = 8 , TOt = o , ^ = ^ ,CRH!^ = (?
.-. ^8o X ioA ± ( ? % = cj^sox boo ±(?% = :^8ooon±(?%
boo±bo% 8*^0 ± ^ o %
b ? ?JT® RtRlft= b b1 RJt^ = 8
^R Rnw RfftRt =« o CJR ?T1^ ( R « ^ = 'I
«R RJt^Rt^tft - bo v5R?I1^RtRtft = bo •
84RI1®?iRl^ = ± b o % 8^?»S1R% = + ^ O % ® Oft ADJ

;g ... Reading ft
?1?t (Rtif§? R f ^ W t ^ RtW I < 3 ^ ^ ?1?t WR ^ «f^^JlCR< ? t ?

5tS,-vil? RItT®R R W l Rtt^ ? # ? n Rte^ ^ W I (R RtCT? Wf^^W ^ W TO? (Rf^ RRR? Cm
< 3 W 1 1 ^ - 4 ? 1 R ! ? R * ? R ? (Knob) ( R * ? # C ® I ^ g * R fv|'Bl«<l CRt? ( R t ^ t o ? sJT!^ t#?n
^5t?nRRtC«> Rt? ( R % t Rte^ RtW l«fer^W<) ? H 1?f?t TO? CTOI C?f^ ? t ? s ? ^tc? C ? f i f ^
R8 R t o R^ l[tt?'l
* f^s g« Rt?i?«iw c ? f t e c w n ^ RTC?? CTOI ? 5 ? ^ R I I

* <t ?JT!:®? C?f^t^ Rt?t?«tW ? 5 ? ? J ? ^ I 1 ^ 1 ? ^ » s t^l^CilC* ? J ? ^ ^ ?tW I
^S?Rt "S??! "ssfes • ^ t ^ i o o o 1^ >S^X CTit io'^ 'gt?! ^stl "^fiiVi I
Contents
wrtfRB? A ^ toitR I RT^H TtTOT t i ? w ^ to % r^^TO^ . t o

m ^ I toR R i ? ^ ?c«u tw<iji]5<> *if^ w ?rw RR; t««iwt w ^ i
^ ' T t R l f ' t o R RR<f
(i) ^ . R w r t t ^ t e ! Rc«u # . I R . Rt?fit
c?n^ mtfws ^pm (Rctiis w i w R t ^ t o ? (Rcti^

c?n:ft wRff?w ^ w I ^ s t t o R R u s f l ^ <3 ( ? T c t i ^ t ^ R s S ?
m wnlRto C?IT5 to ^ t c ? R R 5tw ? 5 t o TO
?I I il?»s (TTt RSin ? J # t f -3?^^^ TO* ^TOT TO Rl I
i n w i R ^ t ? WIRIIRC? aX'^tck. i WRtfRS?
t r f R T O (RSR (RTS R S . l R t t . ? s t o ^ W I R l t R ^ 1%R?t#

^ t R t CRfC^-TOI* sRtflw I vat TO t^R.<:^ W
?stW ?st?Rf TOS I
{^) 4 . f R . " ^ 8 W f R t l R t o RC«1J il.lR Rtgrt (R«?1
^ wtiifîDw?] R c s i l ^ ct^ f w f ^ - ^ TORS? ?T<n
^ ^ I mm i^wc^ cw\^ m^ R i t w R ?IRI TOil^to?
( H C ' t i ^ c?!'^ ^ ^ ^ I -"i^r^ R i t W T R icsfiTSo ctJt5
( H C T t ^ $W<iU3R i l ? l (RC^tl^ CtJI^, R W f S ^ 5W4CiaH
SRtf^ f^>lt>l^ ^ t 7 « TOl i l t T O il.t^ Rt?nt R W l t
? s t o R???W ^ vg t ^ T F t ^ -^tcw TO I
^RtfR5?CB^
WRI^fS? d5§ ^BWI f ? t o ? RITOI "5? I ?5jtRllRT5? W TO? «W! toiR? tof^
?# ^ (Ri? ?sf^CW ^^C? I Rl? ?f? ?5TtRlfR5? ^ Rt(R? ^ I TO R t ^ : toiR? ??1?
?s? (Res? (7f5 ^^l?CW "5tC? I ?5rtRtfR5? ^ R H R ? ^tC? topisR? ? ? * ! (Rf^ toRS»R (Trttttc? 1 Rl?
?l^ torRR? ^ TO "^te^ R>CJf4*R ? ^ ?s? ( R ' ^ I to? ?^ ^ top^R? {R<3?1 1 ? ?f?
R I W ?se? TO TOI, TO ^ t c ? RTtnrfRS? « R ^sm:? I R I ? ?f? R ^ RTCR TO tosw
RR:? 1 ^ ?f? iiTwn:=^ R I RTCR TO t t c ? ^ Rif^ ^^?rTte? i ^ i t r o ?5nRitR5? ?s?i ^ t ? t
TOS I I 1?^ TO? ?5Tt'1lf5il5W5l ?T?, <3-5RR toR R I - « RxlJJxf'R 9fUS TO t R<n<!, ? T ? R I - « (RRttf®
TO I TO ovsviiw l^fetJw to? ?I?I ^ i P l f ? ?5nilPii;«<l ? T ? Rf?Rl1 ?s?1 ? t ? I
Contents
Îtillto d 5 ^ 8 felCÎCW (R RTI^ TO (R^ to

m « n ^ (Cathod) to I R t ? to AUm (Anode) I RI?
Rf^ (R?? toRt TO TO "^tC? i ? t o ? RITOI ?R1 ?1? I
totR? tot? R?§ W CR5 ? s t o ^ t c ? I toR? ? ^
RI? ( c o m ) ? 5 ? ? CSTRl? f w t ^ csn? il? •Rl?'=tW ^ I
Rg?lft CR5 ? s t o ? t ? ??ftt ?5?eRl§ I F tolRs*R ( R ^ , TO .

^ t c ? OTns WR vsn^ I ^ Tit^ topwi ^ to (RRI?
TO^WWR??!
iRggg i l T O ^CRiRl (R f®^f&R t?*m-il i l t tol TOW
tf?t^ ? 5 l ? f ^ iw? RI (leg) f ? f ^ tW<llalH<Is toltR I Rt 1w?f? ??ti2RR illR&T?
( e m i t t e r ) , (RR ( b a s e ) o W R t ? ( c o l l e c t e r ) I t l R f w ^ , ^ PN il? R T O ttiw i
St?fsf^ CSt(^ « ? n c ^ ilTl?f?lto5*R ( a m p l i f i c a t i o n ) il? ??W ? l ? ^ ^ TO I
t R % § ? ni?I®W fif?si? I ?«n- i I NPN j R t ^ i
^1 PNP$Rfif%?l
i I ?s? RHR? (TR) | l ? f ^ X i o n (i(2-mA) il?»v (Rf^ RRR? t R f ^ ^ ? W X i Q (R® <35? 1 ? t o ?

R? R f t o i t o i ? s t o ^tC? I
^ I to NPN (TR) i|?»s PNP(TR) *rafw (Ti'SfR ^ I

• _
Contents
8(?8 « t o t(.*i<^(ii<*j|4i w^m
E x t r a c o n n e c t i o n for hfg m e a s u r e m e n t 8
TO* lb = 0 R»R (Sra? (Ttmt TO iflW Rial W i c E o 'Hi CWra I (^) IB "^P^^ ^Wlft^ ^'iflR^
Ic TO* 1B TO:*? (RPr (7!^ I ^citf^mm Si?t^?^-(f-iJifl^
RtRt*f 5Hf«t>B'fl8 r "

i I R?2?in ij fii ?t I
^3
^ (R5t5^ ( R T O ?
•^1 1 A^%2 i l ? ?C*IT (WR R l i iflR R t ^ R t t t o ?t I

vs I 1 h E E vQ? (RR srm (SPT (R'^fttW I
5c*l<'Cj3lPi«|-iR R t ^ (R'SRI
Emitter Base Collector EBC
E T y p i c d t n i i M o n . Noti d i n e teoniiMi w i r a .
N P
B Emitter Base Collector
p N. P
E
Contents
E
Emitter
1 ^ «t) PNP 5P#%?
P.N vBTCfire B a c k to B a c k 'RJCW ^ xpm I

PN
AHWtionA JufielionB
tcitpuSii w s ? m 5 mm A ^??re? srott® i^ ^TOJ B TO*

?^^%teî
A B
C
Junction A Junctions N P N 1
-
Bate
Two batteries, acting u in

ttilt circuit does not produce cunent flow
because junction B is reverse biased.
^ ?ri*ift i ) t iif^cb ^stoeîf^ B (WR TOf* s f T O s ^î^d^ Rl I w i i ,

to^RmtR^RfCÎ
Contents
S Y M B O L S U S E D IN R A D I O / T V T R A D E
(RESISTER) mm (DIODE)
^Q<Vs^%T C # t § ? (VARIABLE
RESISTOR) (ZENER DIODE)
(VARIABLE R E S I S T O R (TUNNEL DIODE)
m^ i l W k 'hlCm
. POTENTIOMETER)
l Q < v o ' l % f «f®r^<I (LIGHT
(VARIABLE RESISTOR) EMITTING DIODE)
mms
(CAPACITOR) (PHOTO DIODE)
(VARIABLE CAPACITOR) (VARIABLE CAPACITANCE

DIODE) ,
(ELECTROLITIC CAPACITOR) (PNP TRANSISTOR)
t^\%<i (INDUCTOR)
ppmnf] ^.9\ ,il?.^P#!t TRANSISTOR)
(NPN
Rt5t$Hfe?^<I (PHOTO
INDUCTOR WITH IRONCORE TRANSISTOR)
t ' ^ l t w ^ w i § cm 1^- n?M'#f5

(INDUCTOR WITH DUST (P-CHANNEL F E E T )
CORE)
l1?W(%I twit? (VARIABLE iR.TO?#f5
INDUCTOR) (N-CHANNEL F E E T )
(liR.'Pl. «(1?) l > i R < M ^ < § ?
il
t m w i H Am c^
(Rttroi? (TRANSFORMER AIR
(SILICON CONTROLLED CORE)
R E C T I F I E R (SCR))
5iRW5}HRm?'^ cm
(TRIAC GATED (TRANSFORMER IRON CORE)
BID IRECTIONAL SWITCH)
Contents
8<tR
tiRWRm^(RSH
7^
(TRANSFORMER DUST
(SILICON CONTROLLED CORE)

SWITCH (SCS))
(UNIJUNCTION (A.C. OSCILLATOR)

TRANSISTOR (UJT) P.TYPE
BASE)
t S t o R s * R JSHl«t^*}
(tSC^t^) (PIEZOELECTRIC CRY STAL) H O I -
UJTN-TYPE BASE
(FUSE ) "^tm (SPEAKER)

=i3
^ (SWITCH) R f t ? 3 F l e ^ (MICROPHONE)
iRfl^spn? (AMPLIFIER)
h-
(MULTI POSITION SWITCH)
(SINGLE CELL BATTERy;) . (FILTER)
?lf&lf ?TT®RP! f^%R
(MULTI CELL BATTERY) iBANDPASS FILTER)
Rife (LAMP) to?* toR (BAND
R E J E C T FILTER)
toRn^ (RI toR
(NEON LAMP) iLOWPASS FILTER)
V<lt*i?
(ANTINA)
—(2V
Contents
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
mm w t ^ Oi, £<iijjl^4 T t ^ R R ; c s f ^ r t i c§»f(R ^ Am tm *f?^ ?sf^
t ? i % ^ (?m?5 <tJ<l^vo "5t?l IRvo^tl^l^ C S t T O l ^ s C § * I ? ^5tC^ (Rt^ 1 ? ^ W&l Ti?RsBI
5N5f»R vs ffel|RS«m TO??- ? t T O Ji<i<i<]i^ ?5?t -^tm TO i c ? ^ t ^ j ^ c ^ 2 ? ^ t o R f r o ( R t s I ? ^
t N ? R ? TO?1? m m ^-C^STC^TO il?s ^ ^ 7 r a ? ? f ^ ?s?| -^t?! TO il?l
f ^ j | f < 5 « R =ii5w?i TOPn P . « i i i w i?1%g (RT175 >i<i<i<ii^ ?s?t ^ i
RIR-C^R? ( S u b - S t a
csfTOlî ^ fitrw? "sfWTO (R ?i*(T5i ? T O r i TOS TOW m^-(^>^ i
Rt?-C^^'rC?? C2t^ 1 ? ^ {Classifications of sub-station)
^?#? R53TO ^ - c § » T O ^^rt^mro oi^ W I ? i ? I ?«n-

i I | W ? ? I ? R R - C ^ (Transformer sub-station)
(?5) 5i^#»R .ii^?,TOnf ^ - ( 7 g * t ? I
(n) ( T O ^ Rt?-C%*I? I
(ni t ^ t t o R R 1 ? - C ^ I
I tWTR^?m ^ - C § * R (Industrial sub-station)
o 1 ^ ^ ° s RT?-(?t*R (Switching sub-station)
8 I R1^?I? TFP^ W R ^ R ? « 15iiTO2R?IR ^ - C ^ R ? (Power factor correction a n d
s y n c h r o n o u s sub-station)
(t I f ^ W l i i ] - ^ C^®T? ^ - C ^ (Frequency c h a n g e r sub-station)
fel W » I ? 1 ^ t ^ - C § » R (Converting sub-station)
toft? ^f=3Rli? ^ - c % R ? w f ? ? i ? f ^ mn «I^ W I ?I? I ? ? I -
b I t?Cv51? ^ - C § * R (Indoor type sub-station)
^ I 'sn^'^CiSI? ^ 1 ^ - C ^ (Outdoor type sub-station)- (?5) CTI? iJl®C*vb : ? t ? - C ^
(^) ?'i5c'6«R TfH-(:%^ I
. 5mto f ^ i l R S - R T O R f ? % s coK%w ? T ? ^ ? s ^ > ? I "mn, ^ cm^^ ^ p % n 5tRl?»R

m^jm i2R w R i ^ MX ma ^ ^ i m ^ ^ (wm ? s | ^ ^ 1 fîm, w voi? ? j ? 5 j ?
?s?t ? m I ? S ( ? I ? * ? ? T ? f I ? ^ JTR T R I (R%?. ^ - ' i l ^ R ? ^ tot%°s ^-(:§R? A?i mK] Cai1?v5
C^C^CvSi<I C W ? 1 ? I * R Rt«TO <TO ?11 ^%9^ ^Rl=1t tf?f?R? ^ RstlRS-R m ^ f?%^ RRR?
CôT^W ? J ? ^ W t ^ I
Contents
tw4lla4)i*i lR:^Rg^ W l ?m I ?«n-
i I CSfHIWfB?. n^ (Generating system)
:i! 5mf?*R n^ (Transmission system)
^ I t^RS'R • ' l ^ (Distribution system) I
Contents
8feo c # ; ^ tw<»tia4tl«1 wm
O-CPBf, >8-î5tR {3-phase. 3-Wire system)
^-cm c®%t "Sim tRi R i T R i n v5-(?pgf v5-
t w (?FH ^®Sm ft'sin ?ra ?t i TO t r a t C T i *

^^W1TO.5|
O-CFSf, 8 - •rtif% ( 3 - P h a s e , 4 - W i r e s y s t e m )
v5-CTFSf (<()) 'ispn*! ô-(7F^ ntOTi

^R, I t r o 1 ^ c^Fmi Rsi?i»t ^ TO?
1? c s T i : ^ Tf^Tn RT? ^ TO' i^SBiw^j

^.spsns m^^m -y/o" c?fî "Si^kYi^-sf^
i-C^, ( l - P h a s e . 3-Wire s y s t e m )
§t?
ô(?1^
st%%s i to 5iRR??T?-^?
? i f t ? ^ t u i c ^TOc^1^5331*1 t t r o ?*ti
2 ^ 1 ^ ^ i t l ^ ^ c?s^ i t r o ??^ ?s^ I
f ? ^ (R
?5?i 1 2:30 V
6 ^ CX
Contents
8feb
? T : 5 R S @ - S ^ CRTR ?l ^ (Kk
l<>i^^<> 'iH^WC'J^ llRfSj'l? Am f^blgRS'R ^9i<\4 WVl<^f^<>-<^ W l R? I
C*llt*H cc|^fi«N (Classification of poles)
i I CRM (Wooden pole)

Î CRIR ( C o n c r e t e pole)
(?5) 151.151 cflR, (^-T?-C5FIR® I R W * ?5i#FB) (R.c.e)

(^) I^.IR.^ CRR 1 ( % : | R ® to* ^ s ^ ) (p.c.c)
vs I to? CRIR ( S t e e l pole)
m t'mm i^Swww CRM I -
I
(^) C ^ CRM I
I ?rtdjR C*m?T? R J R ( C o n s t r u c t i o n o f wooden pole)
^SQSTI5L>I
?IMFN?151^ W k CRIR R^SSTRR ? I ? ^ ^$i^C^ I
i l t CRR'Sl't 'n«n?I«fi5 CR'©?, R t $ ? , ^^tRI RHRs I W l J j ? CRTR
«MR51
?sTlJl? CRM ^STTTOI to^ R ? ^ I ? ? ? ? ?I^tU5 «T5? ? I
?TR I vats. 1^ i l ? ^ ilR.1^ R t t W ? J ? i 5 ^ 1 ^
RT«n?R« R1RW5RI 1?f*n5 I S R R I ^ ^5R Rt ?s?T? CapT?
a(IC->if^'» afZRTt ?st?RT CRHR? IjaUc^j* w t ^ I ?sTCk CRM
? * ? ?TR|T? Soo/^vso C51^ il?«s C W CW C^^ iiKV
^ t P 5 ovsKV R ? ? ? J ? ^ ?s?t ^ R l TO I
( C o n s t r u c t i o n of c o n c r e t e pole)?
?SRtai* CRM C ? t ? C???W tor* (Cement) ?RlaFB
(TO? ?^
to R T t o
?RT8LTOZR
??t:Bf? f ? f ? ? ^
"5? 1
toi
1
R ^ ? T f ^5?Tl? ?s?I 1 ^
? ^ ?i«o to*
TO
« RT?tRtf^«tC? R i T O n ? l t % ^
?Tt?
I at?^
«tts? ?t .
?SRT35I§ CFT^
R t ? ^ f f s ?I?l?t? ? s t o ^ I
'->8^88 ?riRTT®? fsrf^ < l t o ? RTt? f s i t o l ^^?faF5
CRM ?®RT1? ?S?T R ? I i l t CRM ffej|f<®«l? RttC? v£i?l C ? T O
w f t «n1? R t ^ mmi TO, va^ w ? T ? ^ ^ ? t TO I

t r o TOt^ R^TO tog ^
NWR S s R t i ?s?T ? T ? I
Contents
Ri«n?«t^ 01 cwi cfnm - R ? R ' T t f k * t ( ^ <->ii${.vo ^ I w r ,(RR^ RI mm w i

^^Ri 5ftw I
nus<i A'^mv^ ii?5i^ % ® ( R T 5 ? T O n to

I v5l?1? W ? I W R l R t o CRTt?^ ( R T ^ l t o s C^fDE?
nrc?! c^RSTtm to ^ t c ? i- c*m?r?i - R?.R
Rtto Am i f ?rf5m^ ? T t o ?RtWI CTCf?
Tfft^ ^ s t o ^Tfto R t t o ^ t l R ! iltRt? W?IW?
lRto if& tot? ??tf5? R I W U C R t R t o R t W R t ^
R T ^ t «^f<(lvo ? t i R ilR's t 5 t ? Rs^n R f ^ 1 ? v 3 a H R I W ? R^^TO
R t t o ^^ftto R t O T CRI?^^ cm to C # t R t Rt
Rtr? i i l t « f J R R ? t ? i a t ^ ^8 ^ t o t R ? ^
( R # ? j ? ^ ^ ^ t o c R t ? t o '^rt^ ? s t o I cRi?1^ R » R
f t ? ^^tz:^ 8 < ? ° (Rnc'=t Rtiî ^Pisicw mm
CRt^rtk^ ^ g t o " ^ " ^ R t ^ ? s t ^ 7T?zn
i ^ / 5 T ? W C ? (R5f5 «1?« R t ^ ? s f ^ I c^mi toR?
? f * t 'srtRRi ? # ? t il?«v R t s j l R ? ? H Wm CtlRto «ttv5t
? s t o R C ^ ?l«0 ?RTtr^ ^ t r ? I ^ f ? C R I R t o toPo
nU5 ?3TftRt il?s RRttRt C R t F T ? a F R 5 [ T ? W T ? t ^
R t t r ? ? RimiRtlR to R T t o ^ t : ? I C'ftRt^ f^?s?\5 ^
^ 1?!?t TO ®«iw<j TfpstiRJ R t N r ? 5 % n ii?°s ^ cRt^l^
Rttc? ^ cm^-il? TO ( R R I ? ? t ? ? ^srtr^ to TO
^p%rt n u 5 ? ? r ? i ?Tt^ to R t t o ii?°s toif? RtTOJ
RT?:® R t ^ tot ?st??t f ? r « ^ f c ? I R(R '^JTS
CRt^R? (:<tt^ i I R ^ R % R t i ^ ^ ? 5 f ^ 1 ? ^ i^tr? I
"^TRt (Slav)
CRTO R 1 ^ TO R t ^ f t T O ? t R ? t ? W ? J ^ (R<3?t ^ I•
•^tRt? «|«ll«t^ll^l ( N e c e s s i t y o f s t a y )
«v51?C5® R f t l R ? ^ t t t o ? R R ? UlI^Ht*! C T O ? t^?R1 ? U W ^ R ? t o CRtR C ^ l t o TO
( T i t o i l ? ? T O I5t? R C ? C ^ , CTI? R P ^ I T O R t R t t o TO?? to C#r?t T^T? R W ? t TO R t CRtR
R f t o ' t t ^ CRC? f?TiT<!, R ? ? ? t ^ ? W ^S?t ? T t r ^ TO I i l t C W i (?Rwt TO R t ^ ? # ? t
?l1%?f? W?T R T t ( R ? fttft^ to C T R - i l ? Rir^ ^ ^ R t t ? T 3 snRTSf? TO i
Contents
•^TTt? Ci3^f?^lM (Classification of stay)
O 1 (Rl-Ct 8 I ^ I * I l f F T Rt ^ 3W C§ I
>(l«1l*IIW? ^11^41 (Material of stay)
nmn^ *t?i? WV ff^9^ R F T R F f - i R sRRm? ^ I m-
C ' S T f f ? , 1 »ttt ^ R t W t ^ , V I (RI, ^ I to, bo I (?t-?v5, bi I
^ T t R t ^ R ^ (Method of fixing stay)
'Q-m TOR ^ t t f ^ R R •'jjRt t R i ^nrtus ^ i
CRIRf^ ^ ^?Hlt R?<3 t ? f ? t i 2I<?W (R
cRiRto ^ (R<3?n ^ cRtc??! "snm t?f?t TO tit
^ 51SIRTW^ sTIRltRI fJTR:^ tlRI ^ C'T^ltC^ ^ il?°v
C ' T O l ^SCT? ^ 1 1 ? siTRlvgR ? « Rl ^-(?^ ^fR
RlRttllvo I ^9fU^ C T O ? CRlv?l ? t r ^ 1?f?g ^ i ? i : ^ W k m^ to ?Rlt?l, ^ ^ ^ t : ^ AHX^
?C®? Rt?lf5 "snf^ b<J' 1?8 " ^ t ^ o o C?81?8 "51^ ?lf^C?? t ? l R 5 ^ i f ^ 1 i l t ? R *R1 ôRR?
WV iin°RR -swR C? I i g TO, ^ RC*U to RW»t W l t ? l C 5 t ? ^ - i l ? R T O J ÎRR
^ 5 T ? t o , ^Tt5 ?sf??n, ^ ' s n T O C^fettRt C T O ? t ' r a f t - C ? ! ^ ^sfR R l T O n to ^ I RT?l?«f5
C ? f ^ o t t tlRl C ? « ? l ? t ^ - S J ^ t R ^ to I
I P R W t ^ (Cross-Arm)
^ TntfTgetvs 7^ %m ^ t R t RORSI t ^ ' G « l ? l ^ , SlRfsi*!? Am ffe!|t<5«R s f l t ? ^1
? I ? ^ " ^ I
3 P r ?irTSf-*«? «|C?l«?^»l«l ( N e c e s s i t y of c r o s s - A r m )
'GOT? C5v5 m t r ? ? V0WC4 1?f^t ? I ? T O il?°v «\51? C ^ ^TTtR? ' ^ T ^ ^ r t o ? l ^ 3 1 ^ ^SflW? •
il?n^TOlW?TOl
c 3
I F R WtCSt? CSr^ttom (Classification of c r o s s - A r m )
b I t R m CRTR 3F? RI? (?sTi) I I "Sm CRR api ^ (^y \
v51 ( 3 c ^ ^ ^ ftsf) I 8 1 An^zn^ mi ( ^ ) I
Contents
8fe8 (RI^RS tcî^^WR wm

TJpr^Srttf-^qiRmtRm ( M a t e r i a l o f c r o s s - A r m )
s I C5if%? (Ri^-?i I
IPT^SfTSf ^ t C R R T ^ P T ^ ( C o n d i t i o n s o f i n s u l a t i o n cross-Arm)
OI t^3?teG?rra

?Fi^ I ^5mF5i <n^, c B t o H TOT, am
cnt?, ^ i)?'v ?sto? ^ W I ^stRi
TOS I mn, At timHW R[f?«n R ® RI W t ?ni I
t5T to? R $ f?1%g R t t c s f ? iirt?!^ ?i?n ^5?t^ W I
mi
o
CO:
2ookv tor5#&
Contents
8M
'^T^RtlR? C*{^)1wtR (Clussiiicaiion ol'Towei')
b I UjHi'Sr* tmi^ I .
I i£iit?jt?f ^ ? n ? i £#?5 V 5 R ^ I
m ^ (RnC«R 'STQRI? ( b o ^ . " ! ? ^ c^tf=i^ Ryf«<i C W I
ilt 'Sl^RR RT^W? W l ^ ) I
C^) RRTlft (RnC«R 1?1^RR ( b o ° ^^t^^ v5o° f^^ R%
c # « t ^ !<i^fa«! <wm R J ? ? J ? ^ ) I
(«t) ^ (RSK«R ^RR (vso° F t t r ^ f<yfi<) CWR
<)J<l^l5t W l "5?!) I
vs I R#5 "Sl^QRR (Single c i r c u i t tower) .
8 1 W T siTlÛ S
' TG
' Rt? (Double c i r c u i t tower).
(t\ W ^ *ltf ^«RR (Corset type tower) I
"StORtlRR WNIWlW^ ^lPl<M ( L i s t of tower m a t e r i a l s )
b I'iTiRoiîtw Wf fRii^ An°z'^ m^jm) I ^ I f?f%sTO:^csifR^ (RT^ i
v5 I *tT!RoRrtW® T|vB 1 8 1 ? ® , 1%(R*, Rl^ ^ t ? I <? I ^ - ^ ' C ^ ^ ^ t C ? * C?f5 I I ?Tt(:<lPn? ^
<^ MTTsjI^tosi I lrlC§t(RT%l &l?T^nT®| b o i TlôWt (RTl^ Ctl^ 1 bb I riW'^siTOs I

R?3CRNR ( E r e c t i o n of tower)
%T? ?Î^<TM ?sTW C»R CRiR %T?©fe R^J'T t-RTi:^ Am^^ tfQTmi ^«?Tt? Wl ^
T j ^ ??ft%75 ^RR RllRi^ W l ?R I ?«n-
(^) % ? i ? ? " = 1 ^ I
tJ^RR? -sn:?! (R?s»R Rlf^ RWte (Rf^ ? T ? ^ ^RTTOI

C R ^ R ? R?i[f% ( S e c t i o n metliod)
n^ÛS i^'QTOR 2t1?fR^ T C ^ ? R'sR^R^ Wf??

R f 5 W ? T ^ i IÎ^STO? C'tn TOT* ?sRw RIRR (IS^,
CWT r ! ^RR?I R C ^ R I T O I ^ W K R T ^ I ^Sif^
Rf5WRT CRT?!? i l ^ R R ? ^ ^ ^ T O CS^ C T O R R I T O I ^^TC?
cmt ^ Am r i r t q I ^ t | r ? ? ^?ft^ ?f5 C ? K % TO^RJ
^rtsTOn ^toTc? ^ wftm ^^tm mzn s n m t R i (R^ri
^ I SwiPivo T j t ^ t ^ t f ^ I I R R ? 'siTOs 3TTOI tot
^ ^ ^ t o ^ T O ? " s i r w R ai5t5i?,«lR W R R I "SJ^ 'srt^TCJTI ^ I
CRI^ ^SI*I? (R? ^ t C ? C®f?^
—era
Contents
8^ C#RS^t41«^JB4iM R C R S f
cm Rtr*m A ^ c^m Rf^^ Ritrot i îtRt? RtrM? fn?^

^ **nR R#TOlt CstoR TOOT ^'HR( T O ^ Am R1T? ( R T ^ TORI (Rt^ Rfl^
RlWHRt ^ I t? ^ t ? t f ^ Rfd? " ^ t e1 ^ ^ RfBTOn * * n R CTO ^ iflRt
R?C«m t ? l f ^ f t C ^ R f & T O t ^ I i l t R R ? s t t o T f ^ R l t W ^ ?s%t ^ R W I ? C3[f5R«'^ R f S W R t
^ I R ^ R T O ^ f t t ? R t R R f ^ W R t ^ - 1 ATM to ^5Rtft aFÎ RlR'OtoPQ WfSR ^R<I ^ f ^ R t
?sf^R5W? R T T O I CTO ^ iflRl l ^ t o ? TOwl? R f ^RfBTOt ^ T * f l t T O vflt l ^ i l t o
^«R1lPlH AM^^ W ^ TO I
' t ^ p t o R < e J C R t ^ % ^ (Necessity o f Insulator)

f ^ H t o R <3 ^ T R t o Rttc?? apT RT^, ' e m t ? ^ t c ^ <3 RTt? c«rc^ ?Tto? ^
t ^ l R ^ ?IR5T? ?s?t ^ I TO RT ^5tC? RT^R RRTR^ ^STTT^ RtC? R t ^ ^ R t TO? 1 R ^ R f ^
RTC'^ RfRl^f RT RTC? WV 5'^C*l'G?l-iI? A^^ sfOTWR TO I
X*tW'GW5l «l?>Nt^W ( C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f insulators)

blt^t55?R5?, ^ I to H<^«1i5<l, vs I ? t l i t t^J®Tl5?,
8 I RltWt^TRB?, (?s) RPTCR=f^
("f) I t ? ^^C«1l5<T,
(t I CRtt t^5CR5? I
2i
s
s
/ S
/ s
Contents
5tRf?*tR « % ^ t o R
•*Rt? t ^ U ? i ^ l 5 f 1 ^ ? W # . C R I ^ r i s R t%t?l ^ 5 ? # "5tRf TO I i # T O CTt#lf^
t ' ^ j ^ t o ? t i ? «t*n^ R ^ Wl
fb'iiviiOJ cRBi^rtsR ^sTitll W T ^ , im^1?1?TO? l R t e i t 5 « i R 5 1 m n
(Plastic kolln) ( F e l s p a r ) A^ cmf^ ( Q u a r t z ) ÎWT ?!?R fl* %n CtT#l^

t^(?l1S?I tml^ WT ^ I ^ ^ TO, 1 ^ TOsR ^ TO I
t ' l i T r B ? © ^ R ^ , caw il?t R T ^ s t o ^5)8¥T ^ f 5 ^ I
''^•^WUWfl ^ML"fl (Uses of Insulator)
b I Itotr ^ - ? T ^ *1«TTT? RT C T O R TO Rf^ RT TO WV t ^ T R B ? R J ? ^ W T
^ I itot *T^?T? ^ ii?«s1?f^ ? T ? T O R t ^ ^ s ^ ^ «(%n ?it5r?i? ^ t^w^

WT'5t?TTOl
t^pfBR^Srtl^PlCRt R ^ (IVIethod o f fixing I n s u l a t o r )

^ f e g *J?C?g t^ÔTS? ^ 1 % g ' T O R T T O T ?T? I to 1 ^ H c i k ^ R T R t t R t ? R ^ WT ^ I
lilt tW^^ to? CRiR? RC*TJ C ^ RRf?? i)?5f^ «t® TO R t ^ R l ? J C f ^ ?sTi5T TO ^JRt to?
RT?T? t g C R B ? R R T t R T TO? RTC® RRTtRT t ^ l M ^ ? t o ^?? ?RltC^ I ijt R?rtto
t ^ t ? ^ ^ g ? t o % R?T^ ?T?f 2^?Tt, ? t ^ R*TJ to R ^ f ? ^ ^Rt5R
RCRI C ? ? R - ^ . ii)l«lPiR?J|V| I
**|*tfl< Cl^fttotR (Classification of Conductor)
il H. D. B . C ( ^ R T i l J T ^ j ^ t o l )
AI A. s . c ( i H H l ^ t o ? I r n : ^ ?sTOi) i a . a . c ( r r îrt^lRto? ? 5 w t t ? ) i a . c. s. r
(lifft'^jRto} ?s^5lt? f t ? 1 ? - t ? C?Fr%) I
Contents
c#Rs t w 4 S * ^ i M wm
W i t ? -il? <lj<j^1<5 « I R I
?sWlt? ?Fn?i?^!^
v^-w^ mm <is«jiBfWlt? ?J?^ <5t?ITOl
trf?5 BIT®
i l J H t R t o ? W t t ? f M ^ - t ? W T % ?1 f l ? i l t ?5^55Tt? ^Wt <Rf^ C W ?
( C o r d ) ilI15lt?t??l? TO?? Smt?*I? TO? (C?m? 'RTRR? 2??J

C?R) ? T ? ^ ^ I
to R ^ ^ ^*"? R ^ < R ' ^ ^
Contents
(a) tsTt? Rt«n (b) ft^ni Rt*ft f^. F R $«i.i*ik<i< • S i m ^ n^ i
i. I vs(p (Rs^ TO? W i t ? ^srfBTOl? f?if^8 v s - c w TO? ^ ? t w t t ? * | ? f t ? 1 ? R ? ? 2f?? ^
Rtr? R ? i i ? r f ft*nftf% 1 % ? 1 * ?i?s ? T O ® ^ t c ? ^ ? ? vst^ ?sît^-i£i? fin75j?sfk^ wmm
?TO?5 I mn-(ms ^ 'QRts-ifi? TOOT 2i(:^j<^n; ? 5 w i t c ? ? R i t n t ? - ^ ??s ^ 5 t ^
t^tf?»t?Rs l ^ - 5 ^ c « i i ; « < i ? t 1 ^ - 5 - ^ w l 5 w * ) w i w w ? s T O r ? T O ^ ^ t c ? i s r c ^ i ^ ?swtt?iRs 1 ^ .
t^jsft? ? t t ^ r ^ TO ?ft?i? ^ § ^ f p f ? ?i*ff 1?f^m??TO3 ?® v£niT?TO ? T O ^ ^t^,
? t ^ TO? ?^-i£I? ^^WUW*! mUW\ <<\\<L<TOSi l^'QRRR? TO^?! <f"&lt<lW
t^jRtei? TO TO? ?® ? t % t cmi ^ I l i i t T O vs(p (RTO TO? ?swit? mmn w t^ i
^ i- i.<p am TOR? Rs^tt? R ^ O T ? vscp C?FW R t t c ? ? ? ^ i ^ ^ ^ T O , 'ii?st^ C T O - ^ I ^ 1 ^ -
t^[J5f5? TO I (R?? i J F ! R t ? RT?I??^ TO Rt I I R ^ R t t ^ W?J t^lR5? « TO^
( T O s ^ t t o ?J?5t? ^ ^ t e ^ I
Contents
8<\o
^ to TO TOW TO? ^ ? t Rjit ??7r I
R J T R •RFLRTC'PR (Method of measuring sag)
1 ^ *TO mn * i t o * f ? 5 ? t ?i?i I ( ? w ? -
^ 1 ^ T ? T O L T O I S L ? T O O T I
R T W C ? T C ^ TOC?J R T W ( N e c e s s i t y of Dampers)
mn ftof ? # ? i ? ^5;:^ RD't-vii? R i T O f ^

^ W FITGIMI ' R M ? ?
vSWf^ TO 1?^ ?5?t TOP? I 7GT»t c ? r t ^
i o o (R8 f?8 RTf Am i o o 1^8 t?8 ^'G^ ^ « ? I

smm^ I vfjt R I M (RTC^ ^ R ? ?Ri?aF?R RTRI vsi?t
Rt? R1R Rt ?sCRt ? t RTTOtRR I ? T O 5 ^ Cm

siCTRt R t ? ) > ^ « t ^'1^ C?t\5 'RTtCT? RK^
^$to to ^ t r ? I TO? R ? RTtt 51^ R^SRtf
R t o f TOI? ? s ^ ^ TO HWi5W^
R W - ^ l ® W B t to -iRl vat (Rt^-va R i t o I
<it?W lilt Rtt??n? t w ^ ^ -^cTrcis'ironiWtc'Mli
-?Jt? wtcv»<5 *tkl(.<ij ?I1^

C T O ? ^ ? ? TfttWt RHt C?1U5? §*I?. to R ? ? CTO? RHt C?1TO? to TOttl?? A^-. ^ R l t ? T O ?
toR R^ R t o f t ?5WBT I J T T O R?Rt to to I TO Rtoft mn ims-A^ î'l^
^ * l t o P f A^ RttC?? ^RC? TO I v a t T O RTTN CRIT^ RtTOI TO? RTtt 1?% ? R t ^ I TO^
R T F « ! t ^ to? ? T F ^ W T ? T ? I C ^ , S = —
8F I vHTO S = TO (iRBT?), W - W T t a ? L=
1JTC??2?% ( t o S ) , F = ( ^ ? T 5 I R W 5 T L
Contents
81i
w T t i R ? t t ? 9m mmi smu^ w r w i t o
m,*Q ? 5 » ? ^ 3 j l t ^ 1 T O TO?? (Rpr?

<at TORI I v£|t ?s^lt7R? R I \ ^ CUtlR?
^ ? s i ? R t R H R s i f R t ' R T R R ? v£i?5 a f f ? i j ^ i : ^ WJ <m
^ 1 v£it d b © C « < 3 f S F C W R # ^ <R1Î
R % ? ? ? s T O ! ? Tm t ^ j ? f e i ?
TO
RftC^ TO I RttlR? ?s^lt?W
?sît? ^^
HfWt
t t ? 3i55n«t^
T 5 t ^ T%
?T<3Rt? ' 5 1 ^
L:?N
wm R t t ^Wt?R? RT? ?5RTt?T? ^
W T - T O R v f R s i ^ 2IZ?TW? TO I
^ {Nccessiiv of tjiiards)
RTtC??' WI? (RtTO ? ! ^ , ( R R R T t ? , C^tRTR^H ? ^ 1%??T ? T % - R C ? ? t t ? % T
^ ( R t T O t??TR^ C?RR ?T3I ( T T f ^ - t o t R ? J ? ^ ? 5 ? l t ? t o tofsw ^ ?T | i f l t
1 ^ ^ ?T^?T? R Z R TO R t C ? t ? T ^ R t t o RT R!%I7S RtC? < ^ ' s (R^t? j¥tR Rt ?*lt?T
R T t ? t o Rt«t tot? R t ? K ? R ? s ?sf??T to RTC? ^ ' * t t ^ ?r?TO? A ^ TOl

R t C ^ Q J t f t o t R (Classification of guards)
i I C3FU55T RT^? Rt?t?<TW ( R R R T t ? , (^BtoR?, C^Sf^RIR, A ^ CRRR ( T O J ^ R T t ? Rttor
( ? I T O (??P(35R R f S ?ml? ?s?T ^ t ? t ? T W I
;i I ^ Rt^S C l t 5 ? I ^ tT?IRTC^ ^ >ilt t r ^ ? T ? t t ? ? R T "^t?! R t W 1
o I R?| Rt^ Rt <tt^S l ^ ^ t o R TO? Rt?T?«T^ ' i l t W R ? R P S ? I ? ^ W T ^ t ? T TO I
8 1 Rt^ Rt^s ( S V 5 TOR toHwiJw^ t t ? R T O I TO I
^5It£T? S f l ^ ? R t ? R (Under g r o u n cable)
? ? ? T i % \£i5rrft? Am^ wmî R ^ tot^ R ^ <:;?M ? ? r ? ? w?j 2 ? ^ j t o RttRW

R^trr^ ^ ^ t r ^ ? ^ ?#?T? ^ R l ^Rtt® TO(R? R t « t K R 0 5 1 ^ % ^ ^ T R t o t o R » I | R t t R ?s?t
T5t?t TOl
^ s r t ^ a r t ^ ( R S ^ T C R ? (Xf^ttoTR ( C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f u n d e r g r o u n d c a b l e s )
t5t Sims ^ 2R5l^; ? ? t - i I Cttl? ?sn??, ^ I N

?T%^ t«5i?TC5^ W ? R I
c t t T ? ^ ^ w c U v b w t ? R W mm ^ m?\ « t t ? R T R I ? i ? ? t - i i R t ? ® " ^ t t t , ^ i CRRI? ? 5 j t ? R i

R ^ "ettt ? 5 j t w ^ R t R l ? F t ? TO « t t ? R t R t ? 1 ? R t - i I ( R ^ * t t t , I v a t s . ' ^ t t t , vs | A^. v^.
^ t , 8 1 At5. v£iR. ^ t I
caiRt? TOTO 'STf'TI? 1%? TO « t t ? R t R t ? I ? ? t - i 1 ?srt?R, ^ I tTfCR? F f C t ?
? s n ? R , vs I t m R ? TOt? TORhttps://allbengalibooks.blogspot.com
I
Contents
TW<^LIAH
4I wm
C'^RI^t^TiRC&vS <PTRi:5Tr} Rff? I C o n s ) n j c t i o u oi p a p e r l i i s u l a l e c i c a b i c
?s%n c^m Î t ^ 5 m R ?
I
tt? c ? % ^ t t^^^m
W 5
IP
I4
I TO I ?s?n
wt?«to 4wt
R f ? ? t ?t?t 2^?Tl? ?s?T ^
^ i t o
TO
T f t ^ ^ c^
I vat c ? * t ^ ^ ? fn?tt?? ^
T^t
^tc®
tt?
?5JT?RW TOI
? ^ ¥??t
^?-?t^ # m ?
C?tf^ % ? ? t t ? (?l1tt?t t f ? ? RT??t TO I ?5JT?^

?W <mm9^ ?tttC?? ? t t ^ RT?T® ^tc®
wm ?si?I t t ^ t t ? ?t (Ritvva? t t ? f r o s ? R T ^ i ? s ? t TOl

•^^wmnm\1^^9(^^9mw$^
RT??t, ? r ^ t t ? ? R 5 t ?TO ? s ^ TO 1 ^
<^m-^\ R t t o ?
t ^ ^
tt? TO ? 5 i m
?nt?i?r?
t r o R t ^ v ? ^ I « a t T O R # t - ' i } ? ?TO ^
?tt?s 'mm
(RWIRR
RlRt?W
^ C?W ? ^ ?s?t I l a t T O t ? t ? 3 R ? tog tRt:«f? Rt*tK? R t ^ 4 l t ^ ?sn?R t ^ ^St?! TO I
'Q^f? <nl'^t15i ^ « f t "6 ^(^'RRt R ^ (The a d v a n t a g e s a n d d i s a d v a n t a g e s o f over

head lines system)
I I
^ | t o (Advantages)
Î I
•V, '^•IHIs^cl'Ji^lW m^ Rttw «1l5w<^ C^ R ^ t ? i 1 % R^
R ^ C ^ RtRt RTt? T5l?t Rt?
• vsi ( M T ® ^ ^ ' J l R t T O ^ ^ t1??^?5?T?t?|
<? I ÎW^ I I
8 I R t t R RtUtt Coi^ m^m^ t ? R ^ C ^ ^•î«1l3<J« t ^ ? ^ ?s?t ? t ? I .
Î I
m^L'^^ *|R)1^<J' (Rt® •'JIR? R t t RfQZRt ? t ? ÎT55T^ i f t t ® <liJ|<lC«1 R ^ R?
V8N5T? R T t f R ? ' R J I ? R R ? ^ RT
^SJ^gto (Disadvantages)
i I C5® RttC?? CttR W\ Wtn ( Z i g - J a g ) TO R T O t RFT toR TO toTt? ?sto
I ??(R? I
•5?!
'Ss^t? TO?? tt? tog t t f t ? t o TO, W T RS RTtf5 ^t?TTO
I
I t f ? ? T f ? t ^ T t l R R ? WV cm^ R t F ? (Loss) ^ I
R^ ^SR?^:
8 tt'S?!? ? 5 T t t ? ^ t F ? (Loss) ^ 1
<? I ? ^ T O ^ t I
Nb I RT?? ^ ' i t ? ^ R?It?J a n % W ? ! ^ tot? ??I
Contents
^TtSfR^^FSL L F ^ ? N R ^ G T O T5<5 (The a d v a n t a g e s a n d d i s a d v a n t a g e s of u n d e r
ground cable system)
^dRRt (Advantages)
i I « Ri*n?«tTO mem t ? 1?% W I i
8 I vOt * R i i t o Tf«?n? W t t ? RH 1 ^ TO 1
<t I J i t M*^R>4vfi <jijNd*it5 ^ R 5 z ^ (?R8?T ?r?i I (RN? 1®WTTC?? TOTS?? ?T i
Wg1?Rt (Disadvantages)
i I mm RTt® ? 5 j T ? 5 ? ? (RT? ap5t (R?tR5 ?sf?(:i5 ^5N?Rs Tfn:^ i
^ I an?fv)<s«li< -at RTt? t T ? ? R t e R ^ ?I? ? ^ I

vs I ' S l l ^ t o (RT®. vat R t t ^ R W R t ^ RRT RT? ?T I
««m TOT « ^ B T t m ati^ R W *rN?^
'Sfl'SNJ 4 ^ « 5
i I R'SMR^Tl
^ I Rt?T?«t^T(R traRSR? ?5?t ?T? I ^ I f?t?^ TO "^9^5 ^
vs! E r e c t i o n ? ? 5 ^ ?s? I ^ I Erection ^ (Rf^ I
8 I R^JWt RTRI RTt? C?e?T RT? I 8 I Rt'IN ? ^ (RQRI ?s^ I
I (RT® ^ f e W T ? ^ R ^ R t ^ R t T O t RT? I <t\ (RT® W T ? f ? Rf??Ttt? ^ «t^

'«R??5to^l
^ I C®K^ RC^ « ^ t^?RT5? ? f ? ? ^ ^! C o T ^ RC^ TOR Il??v5? ? 5 t o
^ 1
HI RtCSft 3Ft^ ^ 1?% ?s?T ?T? 1 '\ I >I^(:er5 3?!^ W1?'^ W ? T ? ?T T
V I . ? ^ T O ^ ? R ^ (Rt*t I b-1 ? ^ e n r ? ^ ? R ^ ^ ?s? I
J» I Rt<3?T? ?snt? RR C?Pf ^ 5» i RT<3?I? ?sitt? ^ ^ I
i o I -sn^ « R t % WV t ? ? t R ^ «tR ? ? 1 i o I ? H ? <3 R I ^ ^ t??tt?
i i I -IIMÎ?5?t I i i I >ATIM?s?t ^ R ^ i I
—<5}0
Contents
8H8
1IKV 3- ' ( ^ TOR

1. § r T O W i t s ,
3. TÎ?M,
4. to? RI to? mm ?pg?'Rt??t,
5. 11?,
6. f t ^ R t C ^ RtRt?.
7.Rlt^ti
1. R I ^ - ( R ^ RtTOt ? s ^ ,
2. 2 ^ - 1 R ^ W t W S t s p t " ! ? ,
3. W1?l?1Ws?ill?,
4 . WtRt? TO? (RRit (R<3?t ?n?I???
5 . #?t-Rl?sGI? R t ? ? t ,
6. ? f ? ,
7. i m « t ? t t W ?s?t TOI? ^!tft?,
8 . Rtfit I ' •
? R t ? R ^ R R ?5l??T? R ^ (Method ot c a b l e la
4 t t w TO^l ^ t t t r ? R l t ^ RC«IT ^ t ? ?s?t ?t? I (RR?--
i I RRIRI? TOR trst 1

Î^ R ? I ? ^ ?5n?R 1 1 ^ I
^ I 1??R5 *l?-^t?l TOR R l ^ Rt I
?5TtRR • r t ^ R T ^ R R ^ ^ t o ? R ^ 1.2 m
• ? t 1 ^ TOR RTSt? ^ ?tt^ tC? *tvo ?SZR to 1
ifit n^tm ? 5 ^ R ^ t 5 t ? (R?? t % t o ^ t ^
? t t l TO i£IR?TO ?sto R R ? t ^ 5lR?l? R ? ?
t ^ W f W ? t R ? ?5Jt?ZR? (R?? ^ Rt ^ I Rt^lHtvo
i i o o (»K,^t©r<5 (IWI <?oo f?g t^g, v s . k v C ^ ^ S t r ®
^ t âv5 1R¥ i ,o<ta t?8 f?8 i£l?l fe^bkv iv©^
C^l?^ i,ôo1?8l?8^?t??^l
11^1'STlt^ 1?Rt5?
tvo 'iR? C»R "ÎR, ITS? W ?t1? RI f ? ^ ? # ?I?I <?o T^t^vo '\<t 1R8 1?8 R W ^ t f ? ^^f??l
to T!tr? I <WMW<1 ^ ^StC^ ?s5t?R Wm llvo? RI<1T ( R ^ t o ? ^ RtW TOf (Rt^ ^ft^ttRt
?T?t " B l t o RI«1T ^^3fi?TO ? R t t ? t to ^ T ? I tlvo? Rl«IT ?sn??i^ T5t? T5t? ? i t o
Contents
Rl (Jf9m A^ RlTO?n (RRit W\ I ?5t?[«f ^ t o r ^ ^ < l t o CtW W W T ? t t ? 15H t % ?

?l I R # ?l?l ^ ?#?n? ^ ?sjm W l ii}?si^ aiwrn? t 2r??R WPHM? tt? ixj-o f?g f^g-
tflR ?W ^|?|?l ?]1^ ( R s t o t ^ t t ? t t 5 ? RTl? ? l ?s?}flt5? m ? f ^ ^ r ? va?t t t ? V50
(Rg f?g ?|1^ (Rs1%?t oWvblW ?sf??l ^tC?
^tC? I v#5K? R l f ^ ?l«IT R ? t R ^ ?5jm ?RtC?l ^ 1
<*Jl<*1 ^Pra* ( C a b l e j o i n t )
?siT?w? ^ ?#?T? ^ ?5n?? <im^ mm i??m 1 ? % t i ^ r ^ ?s?t ^ i
^jh*I «K.«t'&« ««I1?^ (Qualities of cable joirit)
i I t ^ RliRs ^ W l R - t g R « i ? l t f l w i
C 5 ? R l t ? " ^ W t Ji<?% R«?l ? ? ^ I
vs I i o 6 % 5'(:4i^^naji^ Tm\ mm t
i I W t i t ® , ^ I W O I * ? : ^ W ? l v£l<J»v ^ t C ? ? R l R , vs I t l t f ^ l , 8 I ( 7 9 ® ! ? , <? I F p R i ? ( R l ^ ,
I TJmi. ' t + l r I R ^ ^ 5 ( f 5 ^ s i t ? 1 ? ?fl5-C?|% I
TOostt^ Rm?c^ Sf-^C?% « RHiRm
2 3 4 • 5 6
V I Rl4l? W R , •^1 9 1 % ^ , vs I W t l t ^ i ? s f ? W , ' 8 I f l T ^ to»v ?nt, <t I (?=3®RR? R ^ Wl?

?r?f? (i5t, ^ I C?% ^ ^ [ m c ? ? « t ? C^t R f t f e ? . , 1 I ?s»ttt© ^ % R ? fm, V I tt^-?TT^
(Rs?*9|, J> I t ^ l l ^ t (^t, i o I C!Sm, i i I '8?|tt® W ^ , i ^ I % R ? R l l ? , ivs I % ? ? (^t I
Contents
<^ît<jw tog w ! : * ? ! ^ togro ?sto ^ i
to tg?s1^ CS^ S-^C?JC*<l Sffl^ t ^ OT<3?1 ^ 1 2J5RR
w i t ? ca??®KR <*ifDc^ " ^ t R ?iîw w t o ?
«w«ic<i torn ?mi Am i j t f ^ ?:*u csrf&i^
1?g T?R5 ^ I \oRK t ? w i t ? Tjt^ ?:«jj f ^ [ f t m
F^ntRf ( T T s t o fi^ ?sto ^ t c ? 1 ^ ? ^ co!^' mm] ?-f??t

R ^ m ? tto? <*!^M •^tr? I i f l ? ? m ? f t o ? ?st?i^
^r?- cm mm w TO I ?f? wit?©1? towi

^^tTR mum m] -j^k^w ?st??n ^ftus ^ i
t £ l t T O w i t ? a i f ^ ?s1??t îtr^ ^ I
1)1 s o l d c r i i i t i !
wtt<i 2 1 ^ ^^to? 1? tot ?f??t«t ? i i A ^ w?
n?it?i to ^ ?it w t o ? t t ? T F i t o ^ t r ? Am ^5?t?
^ ? t o ^ t w - ? W T s R % t o ?it ? t ^
^ mmm\-^\m:^m?f witc<i?i t i ? ^ t c ^
m R?it?t w t o ? Fif?Rfr^ Am ? ^ ?^ ^?s1^ R S ;
giR to ?Fm RlRlt?! (R'G?! ^ i ?T? ?s'®Ttl?? t R ?
'SII?!? ? l t TJ#r?T W t t ? : ^ W^X ?5l??1 CT<3?1 ^ 1
sw
iA
i StHvv
is iii?5Tfw?i? im ?i«tit?i ? i i T ? t o ^ t c ? 1
?s?i ^ t ? i c t ( R ( R t « t o s 'a?5to ?sto R t % t o ?it

?5Wttr?I? t f ? ? f l ^ .-sifl?! C^Fto ^ t C ? I
C5fH^ ^ ^ l ? ? t ? (Method of tapping
(Rm®t1?t <3 Cn^ ^^to? t ? W(R*-i3? tt?
f?|f?? t?f*r« ^-i^wnsi cBi ?i îi?fî?i? cî w f t ? i

t^5i?R? c?<3?i 15? I cBFti Rs; ? 5 t o w f t r ® "^tc? I
2i?r? (TiRFy vg wit?'Qi?? t t ? toi wît^
t^^J^RC?? ^??H ?5to 1?i?5 ^ t r ? I f i R ^?5 tos? ?JT®

t ' j m r ? ? ?i? t ? ? ^ ? t (R?? $^c*i»iw<i t t ? ^ ci5t
wttr^ ^^tc? I mcs w^m\ tîRRc?? R R (Rs-ra
tîmc?? ^ «t Rtc? I tîfto R?'8i? w t o ?
t t ? c5Fll?s?1 ^ 1
Contents
<PlT<r51 §lfRUir»f^ ( C a b l e lenuiuaiion)
?srm R i * } i ? « i ^ mm « n t ^ ^mwm w i ^ i ^ f t t ® <wi<ic*in TO tat ^ w m *rto»i? w t ^ t TOR *ttRi?T»R ^
I ? ? t - i 1 ' J ^ t t U cm ^lfSlW«f? (Outdoor termination) I
I t C ® 1 ? WR(?m (Indoor termination) I
i I ^ I t ? | f ? ? ? 5 « « t t t ^ I v51 t ^ j a t ^ t c e t 1 8 1 t t ^ m^ i ^ (Rtî^ i TO?

g s j f r I «\ I w ? t t ® ^ W l ? WV ( T O ? ? i Î VI ( T O ? ?T3t « i i l 5 < * i w i < wv ^-cw^ i is. i
I i o I i f u f i t ^ ( 3 t ^ I i i I c^sm ? i ( T R R i ? I i ^ I 9ii%?s ( R I ^ i i o i # ? i ? ? ? i
<l>iHW<sl W ? ? « t >l?n?n? IMclliod ol reaioviue •^lu-atli < o n d u c l o
4jt<jc*i«i "5rr??«t R?n??? ^ mmwms ttii

R t ? t <s)l<l*lfD C # l « , ? s t ? ^ ^5tC? ^ ? t <WMd*1<
R#?j^ ^ ?i t ? s ^ ?t?t ^ ?sf??t t i t o ?tr®

^tiR I TO? f ? itf^t ^ F i ^ ?i?t ? s i i ^ c^9m
wmm i t f ^ Rt?t1??j^ ^ ?t?t «i?TO
?ff?m ? l f ^ "5tr? I t? W ^ ' R ' ?T?T
TO^t ??f^ (R^to I R t ? t ^ t TO? 1 ?
?s**nt® 1?t*fs f i i : ^ (Rsj^n c t i ^ ?i
4<>C5iif>iH ?i?7 % ? ? ^siTêtl^ « m R R tto?
?sf??t "^tr? ia?»v ^ F T f ?t?t cntsT ? # m
% n ? ^sn??M Rtc® I vft i H ^stc® F i f
?t?t % R ? Ri??«rf^ ?RpTtwfi? ??fwr ? t ? i
? s j m i * ?i1t? ? s t o "^r? ^ ? t ? t f ^
•^[m '5rr??«tt^ m^vm R f l ^ «tR ^^f??n ?n5nt
?st??t i?i:^ -^r? I TO? 1 ? ?siT?w? (Rt 'stîw
?n?tR la? TOOT rpf^ ? # ? t ? m ? ? ''[te

^ t r ? Am % « ! ? ^'ii R?p ? # m w r o t
t^psT^ R?nRt "5? I
Contents
8<\\r c?W^ i^w«^lS<cJM wm
^ fR?rr? (Switch gear)
A ^ ^?rm ? ti t^m^ IRC^W? w^WRII? RtiRti^nf!,

I^F^G^wtf, R ^ T O ^ i w f , to«wft, T t ^ ^ m f f <3 wpm wmft ^^ftf^? *I<5^HC4
^ T«MM
^fjrm I 54.it^<5 P^c«i^^^T<l w.^ R R T ^ wr^RtPt^p R ^ «i?-îw<} ^ F T ^ R T O i
( N e c e s s i t y o f s w i t c h gear)
cwTOl^t c§»ri??? 9i(Mw<i (wrtf^)
va?»s t * B f T O ^ t - W ^ R ^ -^mm wv R ^
9mcm WV ^-9\m A^ mm^m\ TO I
Rtf^ f3?n? (Circuit breaker)
" R t f ^ ( 3 ^ 8 1 ? F T W R)*n?«^5 cm csn^ <m^ TO^ I

t a w R ^jf^ cRMîrn? WV wm mm smw\ ^ , TO W ^ <PIC<J(:*? (mm 9^
-mm w t ^5rgf?«nw?^ w?«T ii#ti "5t?i R I ^ W © R ^ t t c ^ TO I m^ <gw? i^tr^ OTTR® wm
y^tm^ T? TO^RLT^W 1 ? T ^ ?S%n to TO I TO5t^ Rtt^ T ^ W R * TO?
?5?t1?,>5t?T TO 1
RTF^ (gw? va?? A ^ R M S T T O I R F%^TTR ?t^ ^mroi nmm R t f f s w ' Y F ^ P R S ÂRT «IÎ«IF<i4>
x s r a ^ ^S(Tp_\5(s^ ( O F F - O N ) w t ?1?I TOW Rtf^ (3^ ?C5T I
tlWJ (a?nC?Rr (Sf^R'fttR ( C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )

i I (RT- O S T T : ^ mm R T T ^ (^m i
^ I TO? RTF^ (3W? I

0 I v8?1^ TTTT R L L ^ C^m I: ^
8 1 va?TT? irt^ R L F ^ C3W? [
vflrart? R t i ¥ 5 (a?f|?i ( R (gwt t t o i R t ? w?j ^ mm mrnj (mm ^ tro

iSRrf? R T T ^ (3W? ? ^ I
(irartRRtt^ (a?Jtt?R e|?R?Ci5lt ( c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of A i r c i r c u i t break^^^
IFL?TT? R T F ^ (Sm ^ SRH? I ?RT-
1 I T^TOFI?'A?IT? R T F ^ c g ^ I
I ^ Qt\L^^ Ami m^ c^m i

R t t ^ (SRST? ?t va?IT? ?rtt
^tîîc'^^SR iflrart? 3=r#5 (Y<i|<ic<i <ivsi(iJi<5 AF?T? 'AI.^Jiiw to ?S?T ?i? i •??t-
i I ( R T O I R IRT^ iij?IT? R # T S cgwi, i 4 ^ t o ] R ?rt^ Am<i R T F ^ ( 3 W i , o i ?rt^ v£i?IT?
Rtf^(g?ST?L
Contents
5 N ? * t ? «1®1^t?t«f?
vflFHJt? (Air b l a s t c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )
mm cgw? t ^ TOI? Rtrora TOOT ^ T O 5
w 1?? I (3W? cmB ^ TO?? sfij? i t o t R T s r ? R I T O
? ^ ?s1??T ( R ? I R R ^ fRai >il?If? ?n% R t ^ <a[W?1^ f T O f ^
^ V i l ? t R I R *a?t R R I T O 1 ^ ?s*1t TO I ?r*lT t?Rt
vfRsj^ SRRR ? s * l S ? T T O s ?RR *a?l ^ t t ^ ( 3 T O ? W??t?
^•s-*a? RC^ 1^?1^ RT®1R 5fRfft« "^'QRI? ? R ^TlTOt TO I fîaj?
<i)WTO % 5 ? ? R t??t RTSTR a i m ?#Rt
•5??!? ? 5 * t t t - T O ?s*1t ? ^ ^ ? 1 ? I ? I RtRt? ?°s ? R

to ? t w t 2t?Tf^ cgro? ? ^ ' # r ? t ? I ? I o ? t ??1^
(Rf5t^5t?t TOI ? ' ? R (y4t?NJ ' ^ t o ?1? W'iR vs?t ? ? to R ^
Îtêf -gpopf fiHRR ? # ? ! ^ s - > i l ? to ^.st?t!|^ ?#?t ?tto
Tn? I <it?rt? i r t ^ R t f f B (^m ^ TO?? ?tTOf? w?i mm
? s R m t ? ? ] R ^ ? R t "5? I ( ? ? ? cwm ?s*tt'©i?? A^ RtRIRt
? R ; ^ T O I )
«iJ?TtR >llf¥(,'B^-iIR R T O « f ( U s e of Air c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )
i I CSftlWfDt C^RiR, ^ I tC®1? ^ - C t « t C ? I
>ii?Tt? ( 3 ^ - v i I ? ^?CRtR { C o n n e c t i o n o f Air c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )
mm R l f ^ ( 3 T O ? RIRR ^ ttto? Rptt TO I TO?? m^ cm ( t R ^ ° 0 RPtt-vq? R?3R

RtOTt ? ! t o ^ t C ? <i)?tR?? R t ^ WV RRI-I^? W?f ? 5 t o ^tC? I v a t T O v£|?rt? Tfit^pT?
( g W ? RttlR? TO RtOTt ?5?t TO 1
^ 5 0 5 T 7 f t f ^ ( g ^ (Oil c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )
(R R t # 5 c g r o ? RttoT S^^ljto - s n T O , TOR? R t r o i f ? ? i % ® ?Rt ^ TOW RC?R Rtff&
<a??? ?5n ^ I
'^(.m RlRfU ( d ^ U i l ^ «|^t?U5lT ( C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of oil c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )
TOR ? r ? T O ? t R 3 ? 5 t o R t f ^ ( g W ? W l i t TO «in ?Rt ?T? t ?Rt-
i I ? 1 ? RZ?R R t f ^ ( R f ? ^ 2 ^ ? J ? ^ ?Rt ^ ) I
^ I <R1-RTRR R t f ^ ( R^ 2 ^ ? T ? ^ W t ^ ) I
Contents
8Vo C?W^ tW<1JlJj«4>jM Wm

R l ^ ^sn:^ ^ R ^ o ^ i T r t f ^ (3p^-<fl? cgf^ttoN
i I C?FT? TOR' Rtf^ (^m, ^ I (Rnp Utt ? T CR^ CSrHIC^cBvb TOR C^W?, vs !
T ' R I R R Rr?JR R f f ^ tgW? I
W\ CA<P|(.<1? R « 5 ^ ( C o n s t r u c t i o n of oil c i r c u i t breakc
AIR CUSHION
- Rn?t C?tt? (g?s TOR R t f ^ C g W R ? t^R R < t # C ? « R f
C?tt? I ^ R SfR^ R ^ 1 iilt^5rc?M

RlR5l5 c g W R ? R r « R % ?s*lt « 5 ? R R ? s * l t FIXED CONTACTS
Sô^RR R r « n ^ g r o n R R ^ TOS I ^ t <!»*i<jsfD
IF L E V Q L —
7^\^ snTOI I 'SntCW cjlj
PL—I
D
^ . J - * * O ' ^ ' > G CONTACTS
R i t o ? lRf CWltoR? RtR;?? P '' ~ . P'*'"-T>REAK BREAK
^tvs|R<JS R R ^ CgW^ R ^ TOS I C^<!S|«<J ?t®f&

( R t i ^ R«m<R 2^5?t1? ^ t ? t RnR51
^SlClJSf T f t f ^ Q ^ ^ t r a ? ( U s e o f oil c i r c u i t b r e a k e r )
i I CWTOl^v C§RW, :i I â^tRlttoR^-C^RC^^mRWT^tRt TOI
t^SCRR e|t?||vSt^?|^| « « R H # (Necessity o f oil a n d i t s advantages)
^5R RtfwJ (s^\m R R S R R f w W R ia<it R i ^ (^w? ^ « ^-^wFD?, 1 I T O W W - W R I lR«fm,
R l l ^ (SRstiR? 2 ^ 5 ^ aronw^Tsl TO I
««n?^ (Advantages)
i I R I ^ ( g r o S^sl?? R^«R A^ i % I S R (Rf% 1 ^ R! ^ t R R ? T W 1 5 t o Rl I
^ I S'oTR? R^«II Wlft? f ? ) ^ R W ^ 1 R ? R ? T I
O I ôIR? (TR^rtWS Rl1%t^ b-<?% ^ ? : ^ ^ t R I

8 12wi?ra ® I T - t ^ R ^ 5 # ^ R t ^ wi-T?:^ 8 o K V (<Rsi%) tfsw i
<M 2 ^ 5 ^ •SIT:*)! ( W ^ -ill?® ?Rsi 5 % ; ^ r[| |
• I 2^»R?RS R ^ ^ Rlt^ ^ R«Rt tfsw I
R?JRtR R ^ (Connection method)
>n1^ (gwiR? sm "TO I ii?SI^ TO TOR? (RSW-Â? gn^ ^-^^^ ^ ^ r a l ^

c^pw-ifl? WV sm m-mn wt i >iit«it? ^ R F ^ (3W^ ^NTZR? R H ? R?i?tt ^ ^ t o ^ i
Contents
StRto? 1®^t?[tRR
9m (Hclav)
af«fH ft-GRm T t f ^ i f l R t R T t ^ ( g r o ? Rc«iT to ^p>ni^ T?;?! I to m^ A ^ '??<^ c?
tT^RR R t f ^ (RSH (RT? a i ^ ^^twt RTR?T RTtt? ^ ^ c^mm i9m to RT^sTTT? ^mf^to^
1?RW<I R ^ ^^%T TO I
toiR (Ei?:t?T:^ (Classification o f relay)
?nw R^RTft to sr?m i ?Rf; i i ?nc?% to, î csn^ to, \51 r t ^ s ? ! ? to, si
%^WR# to, <t\ cm RTR?nRTR to, ^ t RT^RI? W t t ? to, I tRpTWT^ to, b-1
tiR?;^Si®t?Rt1^ to I
^ttwtn toR^?Tf to 1%?2t?st? i ? ? t - i i w t « ^ t « T ? s t o . •îi?f^RR?^to, v a t t^fST^
^ ?5T^ c v b R s R ^ 9i%m i5i5it*ijtn to I
tolRR]?^ ( U s e o f relay)
i I f ® . ^ C«T'TIC<ll5? , R%t?Z?r5? « t t R ? R R t ? t W T t o *«?IR? ^ ? ^ 4 f ? < l ? WV to
? J ? ^ ^ I
^ I ? t (Long) 5 t R t o vi|?t I^b1^R®«H 1#T ? P J ^ ? # ? T R : | | p s to?W ?Tl? I
v5 I f?f?? 2<1il^^ >l^^l»ttfilC<|s ? ^ ?RT? WR to ? I ? ^ ^ T
^|^5t^»tR '5ftR ^ I W ' B tor ( i n d u c t i o n type over c u r r e n t relay)
fSTW^ t t t f ?STC?% to? tt??S($T?TTR?# 'SITi:^ I ?Jt*tPTt5? R^«U v£l?5l^

v£ijT^j?toi Fi?il% TO I - - i i n ^ j ^ t o i bi<ii^fD ^?5i^ Rn?st5?f f ^ s ^ ?S?t TO v^Rt * i r r ^
1??Tl?»v-4? RC«U ^ R ? ?s?T TO I v£|?5l^ « R T T ? ^ RC3f Rt^TOTt TO ?T^ m t t o R1?f??5
'SfRfi? R t t o m 1 RT?t? R ? i t o F t ? s l T O toR? to ttto Rtto m 1 (RT>t? c?i$t^
%5? to îtSTOt TO I ( R ^ ctJiîs? R t ^ v£i?5t TO? ^ ? s ^ ^ 1 TO,i ^Rc?? "smiwun;*!
RC«TJ m t ? "GRtt^s C t t o t TO I ^Rtt^t-vit?
?i«u 'sitFtt WT RT?R5 I v£it 'ertFti c?r^ ?rtct? OMf'CurViMil
RT*ijr? tog ^TtFtt 9 ^ ?5?T TO I t r o tnn
(Rl^t ^ ?1R I RR R ? , - ^ C t e ? R R ? l ? tfl??
Trip
?TtRC?t5 TOIT ^ ? s f & "QRttfet Wt^KRT TOs v£|??,
% 5 ? "smt^RT^'Q WTOTT RT?R5| "QRtt^tTRS
VoUage
( T O ^ >S?Tt1%°s ?C? I "QRttl^t-va? "WRRtR
Ri^Rtf^^ WT TO I Ff^%?R ^ «tf% ^
?sf??t? W ? J nrci A ^ ^ ?TttC?t ?RTC?t
TO I ? ? ? to ? S O T R ? ?l«tJ to ? s t ^ R ? t f | ^ Direct ionni
?s?t ^5? W ? ? v^ F t ^ s t o o t ! , t g "5? 1 ^tv»lt<<> eRMmml.
^r?^ ¥ t ^ R t o? t I ? ' ^ totf?w <M«c^;<j

5 T t ^ ??IR% ? l t o ?T? W ? ? F T ^ R t o RtC Rcerg T?PRTt ( C o n n e c t i o n o f o v e r c u r r e n t r e l a y )

f?Tij<^ ? j ? f m w ? ? w t Am 9mnm wv 9m
?T?5^ w I to? R i t ^ r a t^.to w m
m-mn wt trcî R K H tor? R f t ^ Rtf^^ —iHliH
C .B Trip Coil
( g w R ? Wt°s w m t ^ Tfttit Rî?it TO 1
•C.T
elRUPl^ i J T t T R ^ ( L i g h t n i n g A r r e s t o r )
tog <Mi:<i^ >e«T? (S® i l ^ w ^ ^5pr(«i^?5m? ? l % ? t ? t t c ^ TO-i At-csu^ R T ? ! ? !
R ? ? «rt??t ^ ^ 1 ? f ? c w ? w?c«t ^ TI? M t coidHi^siw RIW (TOOw <r??r i TO??

t t ? ? ^ ' n ^ ^5tc? ^ t RIW ^sjvsif^ - ^ i t o R R , ^ t RIW W R ^ 2 ? t 5 t o ^ ^ T s n f ? ? "5K*u
Rm?5to RltRI? ^ TOl ^t ^ ? ^ R l t ? R W R ^Tlt5f?°s -ÎRRtl? <i<I^W
W5t?tTOl
l l W ? , *iIJlW>BlW? finRl^%^ (Necessity o f lightning arrestor)

"Q^T? TO?? ^ w Riwr*i? to to M t ^ TO?? t t ? ?rs ^ to c? (<m
?iRr3 ?ikvs TO I ^t ?^tTvs ^ 5 t ^ ^ntTR? F i t ? R ^ i t ?i%m ? R t 'srf^to ^sfe^^, TOt?
^ F t o ? « « T ^ (Svs^nt? ^?°v c? TOf to"^ R???n (R<3?t ^ ^ R ?R ? ?gtif^,
Rffe??, ? 5 c T ^ ^ 5^J11HW WW\ ? 5 t o ^ W ? J mt^l ÎHRtl?-'^? SHRIW? ' T O I
^fftUPf^ vilJTCR^TC?? CJ!t^ttotR ( c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f l i g h t n i n g a r r e s t o r )
i I ?® t u t iiirn:?%R, ^ i (TRWI? t u t ^Ttt6t?°v ^JKR%T?, O I ^ t t u t TO5f?° ^TTc?tt?, s i

^^tiRR? ^ t ^ i H R ^ , (t I t R t m c2rR:t^#o t n t ^ t ^ R W j R i t ^ mtî. Am^, î
tc?wBiRiti^ ^ t Rit5f?°s ^rrc?§t?, s i (R^ R T O E ^ t îraî?, v i " c ^ ^ t ? i CR® tr?
"5wrt® ^ J t c ? ^ , b I «nt1?t ^ t ^nts^?, ^ J T ( R ^ , b o J ^ ^ t Rit^°s ^ J T I R ^ I
^^-RTTR 4jlW*5N ( H o r n g a p a r r e s t o r )
t? l i l ^ -êt t n t ^ J 1 l ? T O ? Cii^?l ^ I ^ t *RW3 "^'1 t i l t iiTO%l?-^? t ^ R ^

lii??, R ^ I t^ t ^ t^°v7:^ w ?to t u t mt5t^°v liiirc?^ ? I R i ' ^ t ^ T R R ^ R : ? ? to? '
Contents
V3 f ® f § i ? t R ? 8V^
h ^ ' R m ?c*u (R TO t ^ ^nm to w f^^tm TO I t i t t igmwTO? to?

| t o TO I t j t t iTO^HR? % M to t^mro R ^ wfto c ? ? c ? ^ "^ti:^
^^tCRS ^ totr^ ?1 TO I ^ ^ ' - ^ ^ A^ H w l 5 « < J t l ? ?TO(1 TO I
ig??!^ R?i*t ^ to oFT TO w t o

'?ftto to ^ t c ? Am «ii5w5TnR%TO w ? ^ ?#?t?
•SRI Rt<t t l R W t f ^ ^ i t o f A^ C^'v

?sc?R m-mn ?s?t "5? I R t t ? îoif<<]i
•oar
Hn^<f 2 R l 1 t ^ ^ iq??, < M « ^ 5 ^ < f ? RC*U F t o RI? 1
iron nite. stfSJt TOW R^ * 5n'-^JIH*C W l o f c R a i l l H « l i l t K Ji!Cmr
<5rnRTO? ? * u to b o A l a r R t o i R ? ?n<R^
41<lRvs Rl5t
•tmf? R?,T;*t f R t o A^ ( R t o r i R ?Rc?tos
^H?^ ? i t o ? WV R^wm ?s1??! OT«?t ^ I
RTTR vsulw-^h R^CRtR (Connection of Horn g a p Arrestor)

t n t RttW?^ >5m?TO? R?IRIt (RRt?
T?t? 1 '^^ t r t t - i g ? 9{\ R T f ^ A^ ?iwf® sm
? i t w ? (RSW ^ ?t R t t o w i B w < i R?z:t Am R ? I
i t i w f i : ^ sm t^R?scSii®? R K ? R ^ w t t ?s<n
5? I R t t c ? ?w«1? cm TO w v q I ? igjTC?^
? j ? ^ ? 5 t o ^ t R i
B A R E C O P P E R CONDUCTOR T A B I X
Nominal No a n d Nominal IVIaximum Nominal

Conductor d i a m e t e r of d i a m e t e r of conductor weight p e r
Area wire conductor resistance at KM of
mm 2 no./mm mm 2 0 deg. conductor

single core
kg
and flat
cables
ohm/km
1.0 1/1.13 1.13 18.1 8.9
1.0 7/0.40 1.20 18.1 9.0
Contents
8b-8
1.5 1/1.38 1.38 12.1 13.3
1.5 7/0.52 1.56 12.1 - 13.5
2.5 1/1.78 1.78 7.41 22.2
2.5 7/0.67 2.01 7.41 22.4
4.0 1/2.25 2.25 4.61 35.4
4.0 7/0.85 2.55 4.61 36.1
6.0 1/2.76 2.76 3.08 53.2
6.0 7/1.04 3.12 3.08 54.0
10 1/3.57 3.57 1.83 89.0
10 7/1.35 4.05 1.83 90.8
16 1/4.54 4.50 1.15 142
16 7/1.70 5.10 1.15 145
25 7/2.14 6.42 0.727 229
35 19/1.53 7.65 0.524 317
50 19/1.78 8.90 0.387 429
70 19/2.14 10.70 0.268 620
95 19/2.52 12.60 0.193 860
120 37/2.03 • 14.21 0.153 1086
150 37/2.25 15.75 0.124 1334
185 37/2.52 17.64 0.0991 1673
240 61/2.25 20.25 0.0754 2199
300 61/2.52 22.68 0.06001 2759
400 61/2.85 25.65 0.0470 3528
500 61/3.20 28.80 0.0366 4448
630 127/2.52 _ 32.76 0.0283 5744
800 127/2.85 37.05 0.0221 7346
1000 127/3.20 41.60 ' 0.0176 9260
Contents
Smto«1%1§to^.
\b*o t ^ B.vbtil'BM
iiooo ^ 1 % vb.ilR5t?I
WJ.ooo (J51^
ivsôoo (J51»5 vb.i t?5t?I
^ ^ 0 , 0 0 0 CS^
^v5o/8oo (J51% <fo-<ô 0.<f-i.o
iiooo i.o-i.<f Ji-io
W),ooo iio-ivso i.8-i> io-i^
iJjfe.OOO ilrO-C^So
io^.ooo ^<fo-o<?o 8.<f->b ^<f-v3o
;iô,ooo VS00-600 V50-80
vS<2-o^<fo Wio
L.T. (Low T e n s i o n ) *ic4l% - iooo V
H.T. (High T e n s i o n ) TOt^ - i i o o o V
S . T . ( S u p e r t e n s i o n ) ^ ^ ' - :!.:!.oo6 V « o o o o V.
Exh-a High T e n s i o n = vsoooo V ^tc^ :i$oooo V.
Contents
CAPACITOR
t ^ j ^ ^ 'W«t ^ ? ^ T O w t wrtfRB? w rI
Wttf5ii35jw G m] y^ w t ^ 1 4 w mm (f)
R T W S (Farad) 8 C W t WIIîpTl? Rt WRtlRtiR? W R t f ^ ^ <^\^<\< WV (R vitW
W t TO?^ Wim® RWI fd ? t ? t 2 t W ^ W t ^ I ^
R t a i r mjms ( M i c r o f a r a d ) 8 vXl^ w m ® ? RR R ^ mM m ^ RttcSR W H t ® R l ^ I
Rt*n?«t W R i l R t o R t ^ WRtlRl^ tir«f W t TO I < R R ? - 1.5)lf, 2.5^f, 4|lf I
WR11r5«I R«n?W8 ^ «fW?-
i I ^5Jtto?RWRtî^ (li??®?%t) (Variable capacitor)
I 1 W 5 WRtlR^ ( f ^ W R t P r 5 ? t ) (Fixed c a p a i t o r )
®tt-^W<^.tIa<*il'=1 W t R t l R 5 ? f i T O fiR W R t f R t ^ f?1%g *(?^ ^5t?n TO-
(RR?-(?5) ^Tjm ' S t t t W R t f R S ? (Oil type c a p a c i t o r ) I
m tlRWStRtt^ W R f f R S ? ( E l e c t r o l y t i c type c a p a c i t o r ) I
(?t) C ft t ? ' S t t t W R I I r B ? ( P a p p e r type c a p a c i t o r ) I .
(?) Rtt?n ' ^ f t t W R t f R B ? (Mica type c a p a c i t o r ) I
m l>i<llfv|4 t t t t W R t t R 5 ? ( C e r a m i c t y p e c a p a c i t o r ) I
(F) ?rtR W R I I r S ? (Glass capacitor) I
(^) vftRt? W R I I r S ? (Air c a p a c i t o r ) i
^Rit>iiJw<) ?N^
b I CJCIWIC^^J R t f ^ R t ^ ? 5 J t t ? t g t % ? s ? t ? WV tJlRIRnR RlOTtt ( W ? ) "5? I
^ I Titl^ R t l ^ A-^^f^ t R t o ??tRtfR^ R°vl?tt W t ^ I ???t. <St?RTWrf?^ s}«T?
(Stroboscobic e f f e c t ) fwRiJl^'St w t ^ WV ? I ? ^?Rt TO 1
ot l R m cm cwi'B«<i fetfk ^ ^ f f ^ w ? j <)i<t<l<t "?5?t ^ t ? t TO I
8 I Rt<3?1? ?srtt? tgf%? W?T ? I ? ^ ?s?t ^ 5 t ? t TO 1
Contents
(t I ^.9\ toiiti WI? wnPrB? ? j ? ^ w t TO I
h I " R t ^ w t M ? WV csfzti? R t t o -mm wt TO I
H I ÎHiWwI^l W R ^ R l f w 5 C^, "WR, fDS^sH^lG <3 t R ^ ^ ?T?5J? "5t?t TO51
\r I ®ltl?t W R ^ RtfwS C?t®<3 1^. 1%.f5l.Ft, ?tR, ^ <3 ^C'GlCiîn?^ RtfW?

^m?i5t?tTOi
iil. -pf <3 t^. -pf ^ i ^ H <J<1^1 vQTit? t t ? " ^ R ^ ^ o ? ?S(:51
IRIRS? VQ RTtRfRH R ? J R t t o vil^tto ?5TrRltRto CRl^ ?RrRlf*ll?Jl^>l fR*fR,RBr
b 1 to ^?to >\\U(.^<\ (Rt^ WttPtf^ ^?»v C?t^ FtW ? t % W 1
RRTRtR ^ T O (R^Rt ^ T O ,
C 1 = vs jif C3 = H jif
C2 = I^f C4 = Ir uf
V = i o o Cot^j
i i i i i
^5n??twtf?, - - — + — ++ — +—
Cg
i i i i
~ + — + - + —
vs
-^Vo+ivJsIr+iô+ioe MO
bSo bSo
bSo
C= — = i . ^ i i f = i . ^ x i o - ' J ' WT?t® I
Q = i . ' ^ x i o -https://allbengalibooks.blogspot.com
^ xioo = i : i o |iC ( % ^ )
Contents
8Vbr TW<î]a<>iN wm
vflTO <R«Rt TO. Ci = uf, = <f , =
^RRRtWll^. C = C i + C ^ + Cv5
= + <f +
C = i8
= i 8 ^f
= i8 X io-«' TOf® ( ^ )
RRTRtR c = i<fo nf= i(?oxio^ WHI® I Rf?ftt CTO%W V = ôo v.
Q = CXV=: îÔXîO-^XÔO
)>(toXôo oo o
= o.oo C
ioooooo iooo ioo
8 I viM^ W S R t s r a ' B t ^ . o i i t ^ ;^;ô
V m RI^ÎRtt^ R W t Rt W t ^ t C ? W S ^ R H R ? WRllRt^ ^nf^ w I
Q O.oii
RRTRtR c = - = 0 = ^ o.oooo(t Wt?f® = (?o jof
V
<f I Rf? s^m^ c?tt5? ^mtw ^loxAo <R8 1R8 mx cifte? ^ o.a CTg i?g I ®tt-
Rf? lR!Rf?W^ ( P e r m e a b i l i t y ) ^ ^ R , ?s^:^5Rt(R? ??tRttRft ? 5 ^ ^tw?
RRTRtR
C?ft5? C^^RFf
A = Côxô=8oo ? ^ C?8lR8= 0 . 0 8 ?*ftRBl?
cure? Rl?J ^ (d) = 0 . <f <R8 1?8= o,oo(? 1?g
RtSl?Olf?^ k r = *
k o - \r.V(t8X io-^^
ko-krA
lr><?8Xio-^^Xi)X.o8
o.oo(?-
= 8.;i8Xio-i°-Wf?1®l
8.^8Xio->° Wf?f® I
Contents
I A ^ >\\Uoki 8^ w n P f f i ? ^^m^ o ^ F , <t\iF, >4?i v ^ F t ^ f t e R?i?it w t TO I
t s ^llI^cIJ?! «ll^l«llfv^ i o o V T t t f t t OT^Rt ^ I ma TStj^ OT5 ^ >4"?tl W t l t ^ ?5vB ^ t ^ ?
Ci=onRn?n®
C2= <^n C3= TOl® C4= b-îTOW V- >oo V.
RTSI?1Wl1?,
b b b b b b b b b ^lro+b'Jj<?+bô+
—= — + — + — + —
C Ci C^ Cvs Cg
c = (3M = b.8b-
W f t f ^ C = b.8VXbo-^ TOt®
9
b8V=|.lC ( ^ ^ )
c= Q = CXV . = b.8b-Xbo-*Xboo = bSb-Xbo-i
1 1 fe? w?tf5tT5? o , ^ m% "srnm TO? ??itif5f^ Wm "^mmrmt^ mu^

^ o v 1®.1r) R t f w S ? C5rr5 ??i'nfRf^ b ^ f ^ t w 'Sfwt?! ?miil><i;««i ?T? ? i i ^ w ^ ? i si-uov^
^ R t f R f e ? ? WPftRff^ C«l(lêr ? i % w I
b b b b
'RT?t?l ~= + +—
C Ci C2 C3
C?f5 ? 5 T t t t t ^ C = b [if
Ci=0|lf, C2='ls|if. 03=
^?5f3 - = - + - +
b O 'fc
b b b b
x~ b' o' h
b
^5
x= 2nTOt®
'5IWt?t ( R f w ^ =
C=bnf, V=^8ov.
9
C=^ , Q = C x V = bX^So = ^8oc.
—
Contents
8ô S p r t o l 'G ^ 1 | f ? t « R
Q
^nfm R P f M f ^ C^lC^'St C v = — = = h-ov .
Q ^8o
9
" " " c v = — = — - = iôv.
siCvsj'* W t t f 5 f 5 l ? ? * l % " ? | ^ W t
|TsrT«rm Ci= 0 2 = vuf.
i i i b i 8+vS •ilS
H ~ = C= = 0.80
C Ci C2 'Js ^ R
^ 9 = C X V = vB.8vSXiô = S b i . ' i j C.
9
Ci
8ii.'b
Vi= — = ^b-.^v
b 8ii.i3
(Energy) = CV2, i v 2 ^ = (f<,.8v
^^f. W n t o ? ? = ^ CiV2 = ^ X t X i o - * X mr.h)^
iSii'^.b-b-Xio"!' ^ = o,oi,8ii'^ ^ 1
b-fif WttlPil5d'?i<5 * f %
= ; C2 = ^ X i o - * X ((J-i.8)^
, = io<^J3<=1.^8 X i o - ^ ^ = o.oô<^>!5<^b- ^ (^8)
Contents
C # R 5 tCR^tlWPI wm
Rt<«Tti:tH ^ « t f l wt^, m\
( ( R -(R5H *fti5f5 R q ? t ^ Î'sj I an;!;!}?! ? H ^ fid ?Pi^ i 1

il R ^ , ^ «'Qm ^ ? ; V R ? « ? « «W(R? *n<R5i teg? w i <?
^1 mfm R?i< vii?^ tn^? R?II<I? R I « } I *n<R5j f^? I t t o ? . to â?^ Ri*k?? ^tr^t
?^?s?l
vDi t*ra t ? 3 ^ « « i ? w I ?<r«p ? « «,Rif??i ?c*ii c^n?!^ <R^ *a?'s cw?
81 TOn? « t f % ? 5 ^ m\ «ff%R?R:«t? m*n *n<w ? ^ w i <?
<M ?r5? R R K ^ •'îto * t f t ^ t ^ w I <?
^\ R W ^ S R - * v i j t o ^ a tRtRtR^tR? ?1R f i ? I CSIIRW «5Jl"D||lw ? I R ^ S t o ? ?1R '«3
'{\ RftcW? R % CRitoC?? ^'ZWin ?<R1 W I <t

*R* totR ( t f ^ ^?R)
n ijj?sf5 ^cig5 ^ V c^fnJPiTJw ?t?it^ W5? »ii?»s c ^ v ^ y i w ? <?
Jkl ^?5f5 ?»fe^C33? (R8 t5l8 t^ R t ^ 2??I «a?^ C^3RR ^CtC?? <t
iol i o o o IR. •Pl. R t t o ^ stlR R?*t 5 % g ^ R t o »a??> g ? « t t ^ R t R « ? i o o o t5i. 1 ^
t?a?I R ? ^ Wo I
iii R ; I ( ^ < K fi^t-er*! t ^ o fttt? m\^ ^ fsi^ i cwm^ ws? <?
i:î »a?5f& ifBIRI? ftgt? wci? 2>i<I i tRBt?, s i t i c?8 f?8 »a?*s t w i '\.<? c?s 1^8
RtzR - ^ R t ^ ^1^ nmi *rf??t*t W i i ? «nRtw? ^tc?? <?
iol iilRffi b^<^C€jiJ C^âpSFR W ; ItÔ? 2??I i o C?8 t?g *a?«sfif^V C5=I8 tÎS I <t
i81 ^?sj^ cfi<j|%t f ? ? ' 5 t t ? t ^ J R 5 5 (WRf?! ? J ? ^ W t W . <^
( ? ) iJi.ft. '5rK<t? s n R t w % ^ ft^ I <?
Contents
( ? s ) % R » i J ? < R T f ^ C 3 T O f R5*^^^ <t
i'M (?s) StRWRi? « <t-
(?) t i i ^ 5 a m ? R i ^ sntRift «!jU5? Rt?in ( ? r ^ w i f titts? ^
<TO^f 8&<y (?5t%, S f l t R l t ^n?tel C R I R s ^ f <sc?4*1<l tTltB?
bVI ^ ? 5 f ^ « Osm t ^ 5 ^ ^ CTtW? R » v ^ . 8 ^18. * i l ? ^ 1 l F ? f ^ R l t C W I "^tW
(?5) A 5 1 ^ « W<»n5|ft«U^«l ?^'P ^'I'^l'fKi ? ^ W I (t

(?) Rlif'SrK<i'5? ^? 2«iiul^<s 5nf^^ « l s W f?t%^ I <?
ôi C^) N3?!S «a?l v^?!^ f ^ ^ ^ • (t
{^) ? i | b 5 b-o v s ? K ^ 8 l ^ ? ? ! ? . S o m:^ 8^ ? i t 5 m\ ^ *n'o?n3i?
UPW ^F\^ »R?5 ^ ? % 1 151?l I 2(f% t t t o ? ^ i.oo^ t ^ ?lfh?S firf^ wm f??

. ?5\5^tC^? -
:^ I (?5)- ia?5i^ 5n?-(>H ^ F t o C R t t o o K ? f% f% 5c«l<>IIa<^J!*l ' r a ^ T ^ fitWIW?, ^ s i t o
?K3i *
(VI) W ? 3 F ? ^'i>ilW 'n?-C'?*R ?s^ fifW? i?s ^ ? <t
(^)?t<:;^5il^ «a?.?5iw?^ W l • *
:^0l (^) t ^ l ^ l R SlRtol 1%1|f?t*R ?J?5J? R i t ? ^?12(1R ?s1??1 t?%
R?JR? ^ ? 1 ? I ^ I <t
(^) va^?. 1^' Nsoi? 5nt? ^ ? w ? j finRiw^?Ri*i|iJK*iti ^ o l t o fii^ w I (?
^8 I (?5) RIW?? <3«1? C^\5 R t t W f% f% ? ? ^ CflR ? I ? ^ ?5?1 ^ ? A^ CnVm »ti?
t ^ ? ^ ? l W I <t
(^') n i F o R i t w W l t'Riirvo? ^ ^ ? i ? c w ? c w ? cwm ? i ? ^ ?s?i ^ ? ?s^ s i w ? «
t^^' <?•
^(?r (W w i ? ? i ? ^ ? snTjiwf?N51 ?^'{i w 1 (t
(?) t ( ? i ^ l ^ n ? ?5n?? w c ? ^ ?5?T? ? n m ?i?!5« R I R I W I ? ^ » i t o t w i cw? W O T ; ^
WV % # ° s c U ? ? ! ? ? } ? ?5?1 ??? \ <f -
^ I (?5) «a? s K ? t w % ^ 5 m -^51? "^t? t ^ ^ ^ w ? ?"'N w I (t
(^) R i t a ' s «a^tt? ?I??1? ^31 ^ (W^? ?lt? *5? R1«n?*fv5 1?? 1 ^ ?51W ?s^? (?
Contents
(?) C?ftB? ? 5 R • S i e i l ^ * ! ^ ? 4 ^ ?S? I <t
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.8b8 "tW*®*]!*! W^
*t' tott ((S® ?IRW R?5)
iii J?^jt%?5 cStn^ t?!®^ R?z»m Rm t?a^ w I <!»

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(?) 1^ (Rsw M? ^ c w r a i a i w?«i ? i ? ^ W l ^ I
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1^ ?NFLT§ F^W c?i^, T»M ^

( W t ^ R W t S ^fStn Tit?)
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8 I lii^sf^ im^ 8 C R M ^ 8 isr© t s t w B csn^-iii? <iff P t ^ ^ T : ^ ^sintl^^ w ^ ^ i to c^nr

^stTOi?rt w?'3'?iit^^ ^;.ww'1 vs
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^gT?t? nm<^ t k ? >i<icbc^ ? 5 ^ t c ? tct«rii'< ? i R n ^ ?
vS I ^'rf??T% t m c < ? «jic«i«i t c 5 i ? ^ c j r a ? ? ? u t ^ ? ? ?
WRKI
8 i t.'fl?.vfl?* ?«TTO ^
$ I >a?. C^, i f l ? . ??ifec^ VSNIJ! ^ t ^ R ! C?tC*l? ?T? ? ^ ?
'Jj I cwj t w i c ^ C?T*r Wt?laiT ?!?C? WSI ?T??
S I A ^ t ? s ? ^ ? i l t o ^cio C5i% ????T5^ to o . e w t t o r t ? to^ 2t?Tft« ?!C? i ?tfe? towc*5?
CaT*(^?
V 1 ?tf^?C?? •'Q?Tl1?»s-vil? W?I CW? *J?C^ TTTf^ ? J ? ^ ^ ?
5*1, 8f& C?T»T •?JI?TC?C^ 'TOI C?ITC«<? ?T? i o o Q ^ ? ^ ^ C?I«T ^ ?
1 0 I ?Ttfl?? f ? ^ C T O t w < ^ c 5 i * n ^ toe? ^ ? J ? ^ ?5?T ^ 7
11 I t ? 5 ] t o tT'Q?T? <3 « a ? ^ ? C < I t t < W 1 ^ ?
i^l W T t l t ? t B 9 r ^ ? t a ? <IJ<l^lJfl4 v£lW ^ ?
iO I sfS j l a r i j ? c w r ?T? ^ i
i8 I l?t5,jl^<* J W ^ ? ^ ^ «t?C?? *M«l^lC^<! S|C?rSR t C ? ?
i e I ?TttC?t5'^ t ? c 5 ? f ? f & ? 5 T P 5 ^ "I?!!?? ,
Contents
i^
tora t t ? 1%f% w g Rtff<^ *ft??if^ ^<«rf??tft o ^ < # ? t f t ' R n : ' ^ w t ?i??
^15 ^ < R ^ ? t % ?t>r #r'«n
1 1 1
iV 1 + +
R2 R3 Rn
it»l ^srrtr*fl<Hjf44 ^.?w w g v^.^ i
l4iljR>4 $??5 ; 5 5 i ^ f% ^pit?l? t«Hij|y>4> 5 ? r W 1?s ^ s f t TO?
2|?Tt W CT, Rt = Ro (l+Oot) (vOTO 2tft?»S7W Sf5t%^
^v8 t
|i*c*iiPii>i« *a??. i.^{> cRslî <ji>iR(^ A ^ wvn? TO? ' S f t c t t o catti i . i ?itc3Ft >ai5?
CfSf?S ^ *a? (RT*l ^ ?
W R l f ? ^ ?RC5 ^pft?? W J l P r t ^ Wm ? 5 . ^ Wt?t WHPiB/IC*!*} •n5)<M«'lfD
RniTt W 1
" n " - f ? « t t ( ? H S ex-b = o o )
RiCtfWs C?rt*l W ^ ?C?T? R = p ^ RftW*tf& ?JWt WR Cf^'fl I

A ^ ?rt^ >amBii e j ^ ?t1%, i o o 'a?ttB? vot^ ?T§s, <\<t OTittS? 8t^ R t ^ «5??.3eo m0fi
t % ^snc^ I atfel^ a ?*Bt WR WW ?!ra I ?1r R???tt^ C®tC%W Ôo CSt% IJIF ^ i»{>*»
TOt? c^3t^^ T t w «if ?tf??i 9m W5 ^ ? 8}fe t t f ^ (?iijcy>? Rf? >.vo ^ i
f?t?W « *1Jt?tC?1R R t t ^ ^ t # f l r ® l R t I
v n ? ^ Rt*ft?t (^'R^ fif"^ R*'^ ^ I
I^RT
RftW«f ? I t ^ ? ^ I
*a?Rf?^ ^ :
(?!) ] ^ c ^ , (''t) 5??i ?5tw«ft, ( ? ) y r ^ c®?f?1^ I
1?lRt^'?lt^^ (Rt«« ^3 ?! ^ RtRt? ??C?^ 1?«^ W ^
-NAA—
srcig? t ? 3 ? ?r?Rt Wf?t tSJRifW R ? ? t t ^ T O ^ 2t?t?C?ttJ
Contents
RKTfwR 4tl«'i(« cm^, T»tW

«iiR. >ai^. (cTO»t?H) ™ ^
m^ s«?*6t
w t o t en? 8 iexi = ie)

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«l w(sr>Bj|»l W « f% ^pim?
8 1 «^53RI T$1SI5 ^ I
e I c? TO? c " R f ? t o » t ? tc?p»t w r I
*ii cfTsi^wn?gtc?iw%r^f4?
br I ?t?I ? r t ^ ^ C?fW^JlCT? ?1? W Q ? ? T # 5t^?C?T?J?
j» I 1 ^ t t t r n *iT«?i? t ^ w t ?i??
10 I t w ^ f f i * 'a?ifi«i vii?!^ t c g ^ ?s? I
11 I »aA|kTO?j?fr?(:TO?^RS?ti?''M^(?Fwf^*^^
i^ I w i ^ p t o ?5n:« ft
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i s I ?T?t?«rcwmomaimwn^^^ i
i e I (TnCPB CttR C ? t ^ CttR C3#»v?Rt? ft?
^ " t - t ^ t C?t? 8 ioxv© = « o )
i'b I t ^ t ^ R * * ^ ? ^ tf'8?t? W ? J ft ft ? t ? ? t ? ^ W l ? ? ?s?C^ ? ^ W I
i*H I W^m^ mm ??i»t?Tf?? ^stftw s f r s ?!? i
ib-1 viJWT tW4iBI*l?lW5l WV « i R m % iof^ ^ gepf .a?! JJT? 1%? l

i j * 11?C8? c^n?f5 * i f ? ? t § « c ^ p # ^ t ^ i r t t l g r t s
. ? i , ^brt, ?fr?w, t^c4*i, w ^ , ? i t ^ , 5t?jc^ i
ô I '£(m ? r f w c 3 % r 5 r s s o « r ? iiRsfiJc* ^ô c5i*i> do ? t o ^ la. ^ . ?«M5n^ 5ntc??i ?55c?
R^c?t? w c s r »ac^ ft t t o t ?stC<T^ g f ? t f ^ ^ ?
î I Wl? t>W¥fnSR ? * ^ w I
I C ^ U H j f * * ? ^ ?C«U ^<t, <to « i o o «?JSI? fe?l^ C ? l i p ^ tjWI*ltC«1 ?5JRt«t ?s?t TO? ? t ?
?îS%5 ????T3i o s t t : ^ ^ô (3t% ^ ^ 5 1 ^ ilr
^ « I v£ittc?i*B tT<nn? « I t a T i R t T « ? i c ? a ?ci^ wtif?i5c^<i -^m m « I

I ^ ^ ^ l l f ^ tT«?1? vs'Sîgrf^^ t£l?ffl??5IC« ft
«t-1?®tt (?t? 8 ex«j = v 8 o )
^b- I 1rI?W « ?^l? t#f8j«M ? ^ W I
I iil?sf& ?tf^C® i o o «?ltB? 81^ ?l1%, 'Q?1C5? v5f& ?tfe o ôoo « ? t t 5 ? i 1 ^ § ^ tC^
e?*&t ?R3i wm ôoo TOl? ^5iw* Tiic?? t ? ^ twi 'Qm ?j?i? (stf^ t t f ? ^ ^ . i o S r ^
v9o I ^ô C S I % (2-0 fttlR^R *a.f?. ? ? ? ? I ^ RltC?? ?"W ^.ff ?ltC3FI CWICE? i f l ^ WHPlU^J ?5:C?tt
?Riw *fl? ? w ft ?i?^«t ?nGi*B 4i?ii?^5 ^ ?
v©i I ton c ^ 3iiR*»5Hiic^? snt?i1? c s t i ^ ^ô c ^ m\ %IC5? 8 , o o o i cnspsift
?Rsiw i o c ^ etc® ^ c?iR!«t§ %fC5? ?t,?jT ? ! ^ ?pr?
v©^ I ? 1 1 ^ ^ C51^ ?RRt?T? ?TO ?*l?r W I
v!K51 f ? m cspsf c?fBt5i? c ^ ^ l t o ? S c s N w I
Contents
C # R ! tW<*ijj4>jN wm eo»9
?ti*ilcii"l 4 l f i * l R 9w c?t^, i>tw
^ tor s ^w<^tB4JM-i ( ^ h i ) ^
SpTOgyS^ Ir^l • •I I I •• /
^ « ? tot 1 W fitC*^, t - t o t ^ CT C 4 t ? (t15 fitcg? t ^ 1 f i t t i n g Rt? R ? t ? ]
w t o n (RtR s i c x i = ie)
i I ^ « RiW33 mm Rf« I
^ I «(sti5jit ft ^pmi?
« I " ^ t f ^ Wl^SiJjIt ft?
8 I tot¥^ RTOTTt? ft?
a \ ^stc?^ft?
^1 t f t ^ c ^ i w ^ t ^ f t f t to?r?tt? tow??
<\[ w t ^ B j r ? ?5n:^ ft ^g?rT??
Irl f?ft^Rtt^fe?f5^?miirRl
(»I •<5tra? f t t w ? « T C ^ ft f ^ ?
i o I tw<'II3Pi?tc?? t ? c ^ ^ ft?
ii I •^t?ia!t ^ - ^ | f M ?TW ca%^JtCt? R « l ¥ f t ? I i ? ?
i^ I fttW TO? W ! R ^ ? ^ R ! ? ^ ? ? C ^ ft ^ 5 ^ ?
i « I tJlil|e1l*1 R t f t f e ^<(J)(.^ ( R p f ? J ? ^ ? R t ^ CWt?
i 8 I <ii?. I ? , ft. ? j ? r a r ^ 1 ^ Rf?«n t d p s j w I
i<? I TOCn}« ? R C ^ ft ^3pft??
'9t-R«M ( ? t ? s ioxvs = \so)
i*l 2?^jrto^<^ W ^ R T « ? t ? W ? T f t M?IR??J?^Sf^t W S P R I W ? ^
i<l I tCR^S?nt5T TOf ? J ? ^ ^ «il?? iol^ ?jre $ R R - i i l ? ? t ? ^ I
ilr I ^ < tow R t f ^ ( 3 ^ (RR ? J ? ^ w n W
ii»I Rtwl^'gPtctn^'aci?îwt>ificîtlî^Ki^H;?gn:gft^g^?
ô I ??ti|]to Rr<3?t? <3 ^ ^ ^ f % ? ! va?t#f ?5rc^ ft ^ 3 ^ ? w i R ? tiiw^
î I WIRI*5? RWC^tRTJ?^ R I W C R ?*i?t ? s a I
I ? R C ^ ft ^ 3 ^ ? CWt ? J ? ^ ? 5 ? f ^ ?
^« I ? ^ ? ? 5 m m cwT?j?ti??!?f ^ ?
^81 (mm PrR I
ê I ^ q B l ^ J w t i J l ^ I W t s J i J < W ^ 4 l t R R mfus ft ^5pft??
t - t ? « t t . ( R i R : ex^b = <oo)
I o^c?? I A ^ ? i f w t r c ? (foo «?it> mi ^(to C 5 t % (^rsn i ? t f t 1 ^ c«w to w s
WtR*5 0 ? t f ^ <R? W l I
I m\<\W mt>^ TO I 8 l f ^ ? S W i o o 0 ? t t B ? i1^ ? t f t O b-o « ? t t & ? f?fR^ W t ?
TO mK ? n i ? ? ^ i1^ 15.1^. TO I CTtvB^M s t f t f ? ? t ^ % ?*Bt TO? I £ f f e t t t ? t 5 ?
ifU l i ' ^ ^ ôoi TO? C*ftîlll5 ?TC? ?«IvilR.4 ^ ^ ?
^b-1 c? (Rff? ^ 1 5 ' G ? i i ^ i R ^ ^ t c w : ? ?<1?t ?!? I
I toi^ f 5 t ? 5 r t t c 5 ? ? s x ? t ? o ?!t<2fen# t^w i
«o I ^ c?%^5jtR t f t s n t w t ? R ^ feai?^ ^*NT W I
«i I -HIÎWJ Ctlfw»5j|*l R t o l R ^ f 6 a i 5 R ^ ? 4 R W l I
Contents
<to8 c^Rs^w^^DS^jH^T^
1. BASIC ELECTRICITY-Part-1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 by Van Vaikenburgh, Nooger 8B

Neville, inc.
2. ELECTRIC MOTOR REPAIR by Robert Rosenberh.
3. ELECTRICAL MACHINE by A. Chemukhin.
4. REPAIR OF WINDING AND INSULATION IN ELECTRIC MACHINE'S
by N. Rerelmuter.
5. A TEXT BOOK OF TECHNOLOGY by B. L. Theraja.
6. ELECTRICALTRADETHEORYbyM. L.Ghosh.
7. BASIC ELECTRICITY by J . B. Gupta.
8. UNITE OF LEARNING MATERIALS OF ELECTRICAL TRADE PRINTED
by Bangladesh Technical Education Board (Unite no, 1-10).
9. A TEXT BOOK OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND DRAWING by Kulbir' Singh,
D. S. Dbhi & G. L. Mar-Waha.
10. GENERAL ELECTRICAL DRAWING by B. D. Arora. &, K. Chand.
11. ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE by Anwani. - •
12. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POCKET BOOK by V.K. Bazaz.
13. INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC ELECTRICAL WIRING by Arora.
14. SHOP THEORY by James and Eron, Farl E, Totro, Printed by U. S. A.
15. MODERN REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING by Althuse and
Turnquist.
Contents
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Contents

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