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FARMASI FISIKA I-Physical Prop PDF
FARMASI FISIKA I-Physical Prop PDF
6P+6n 6P+6n
Similar in charge
distribution, but
6e 6e different in shape
When a vacuum fills the space between the plates, the capacitance
is Co. This value is used as a reference to compare capacitances
when other substances fill the space.
The dielectric constant :
ε = Cx / Co
Cx = the capacitance of the condenser filled with some material
Dielectric constant and induced polarization
The dielectric constant of solvent mixture can be
related to drug solubility and drug plasma
concentration.
Dielectric constant and induced polarization
Induced molar polarization
The Clausius-Mosotti equation:
ε −1 𝑀 4 π 𝑛 𝑀 αρ 4
= = π N αρ = Pi
ε+2 ρ 3 ρ 3
ε = dielectric constant
M = molecular weight of the substance
ρ = solvent density
𝑛 = number of molecules per unit volume
𝜌 = induced polarizability
N = Avogadro’s number 6.023 x 1023 mole-1
Pi = Induced molar polarization
Exercise
Induced molar polarization
Use the Clausius-Mosotti equation:
ε −1 𝑀 4 π 𝑛 𝑀 αρ 4
= = π N αρ = Pi
ε+2 ρ 3 ρ 3
α
Ex: dipolar nature of a peptide bond
amino acid
• The formation of partial double bond carbon-oxygen in the carbonyl
groups causes a partial positive charge of nitrogen yielding a net
dipole.
• The trans-isomer of a peptide is energetically favored due to steric
hindrance of the amino acid
The importance of dipole interactions
• Ion-induced dipole interactions have an essential role in
solubility phenomena for ionic solutes and nonpolar solvents
• Permanent dipole moments can be correlated with biologic
activities. Ex: the insecticidal activity of the three isomers of
DDT
• The dipole interactions of solids composed of molecules with
permanent dipole moment contributed to the crystalline
arrangement and structural nature of the solid. Ex. ice
crystals are organized through their dipole forces
The importance of dipole interactions
Dipole-dipole interactions are essential non covalent forces
that contributes to enhance pharmacological activity
The importance of dipole interactions
The symmetry of the molecule can also be associated
with its dipole moment