Ydia;%fõ§ idudkH Wmdê mÍCIKh ^ndysr&

^merKs .oH idys;Hh" NdIdj yd jHdlrKh&

zwudj;=r ms<sn| úpdrd;aul lshùulaZ

fla' iq.=KOïu ysñ

iyldr lÓldpd¾h
isxy, wxYh
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 wudj;=r ms<sn| flá ye|skaùula
• zwudj;=rZ isxy, idys;Hfhys merKs;u fukau ks¾udKd;aul w.fhka
by<u .oH wdLHdkhhs'
• l;=jrhd fï lD;sh ye|ska jQ wfkla kduh jkafka zmqßioïuidrÓ
moj¾KkdZ hkakhs'
• .%ka:djidkfha tk my; mdGfhka wudj;=frys l;=jrhd;a Tyq Bg ÿka
kduh;a meyeÈ,sj ±l.; yelsh'
zz.=re`Mf.daóka úiska lrk ,o wudj;=re kï mqreIouHidrÓ moj¾Kkd
ksñ'ZZ
^wudj;=r" m%dÖk NdfIdamldr iud.u" 2004" msgqj 237&
• .=ere`Mf.daó m`äjrhd .%ka:oajhla rpkd fldg we;s njg idCIHo wudj;=frysu
i|yka fjhs'
zfï l¾uhkaf.a úNd. O¾um%§msld kï uyd fndaêjxY mßl:dfjka okafkahe' fya
nqoaO O¾uhe' fï nqoaO pß;he'Z
^wudj;=r" msgqj 112&
• wudj;=rg mQ¾jfhka O¾um%§msldj rpkd fldg we;s nj;a" th md,s uyfndaê
jxYhg ,shQ mßl:djla nj;a" thska nqoaO O¾uh ksrEmKh jk nj;a .uH jk
w;ru wudj;=r nqoaO pß;h ksrEmKh lrkakla nj;a bka meyeÈ,s fõ'
• wudj;=r l;=jr .=re`Mf.dañ ms<sn|jo úúO woyia úh;=ka úiska olajkq fmfka'
zijq`M úfÊnd wE fjk;a merKs fy< kï yd ii|d n,;au .=re`M hkqo merKs
fm<m;a kula fyda .ula jkq yelsh' z.=re`Mfl;Z wdÈ kïo ii|d n,kq jà'
mqrdKfha .fï kñka fyda fm<mf;a kñka merKs W.;=ka fmkS isá njg idOl
iq,Nh'Z
^isxy, idys;H ,;d ^ixia'& fld;auf,a wurjxY ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl lghq;=
uOHia:dkh" 2014" msgqj 65&
tkï tl, z±ñ$oóZ hkak rdclSh ks, kduhla jYfhka msßkukakg we;ehs
bka Wml,amkh l< yelsh' ixialD; NdIdfjys ufydamdil wre;ays zf.daóZ
^f.daóka& Yíoh fhfoa' tfia z.=re`M±ñZ hkak z.=re`Mf.daóZ f,iska jHjydrhg
tkakg we;' z.=re`MZ hkak ixialD;hg kef.kafka z.revZ jYfhks' z.=re`MZ
hkafkka fy< fm<m; fyda .u fyda lsh fõ' z±ñZ hkafkka ks,h lsh fõ' ta
oaú;ajh tl;= ù .=re`Mf.daó ie§ wdfhah' .=re`Mf.daó$ .=re`M±ñ foku ta
.;al;=jrhd ye|skaùug fhfoa'
^isxy, idys;H ,;d ^ixia'& fld;auf,a wurjxY ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl
lghq;= uOHia:dkh" 2014" msgqj 65&
• tfiau merKs fy< jyfrys z±ñ$oóZ hkak O¾ufoaYlhd$wdpd¾hjrhd hk
fowre;aysu fhÿKq nj fldaodf.dv [dKdf,dal ysñfhda ñyska;,d fi,a,smsh
wdY%fhka meyeÈ,s lr;s'
• oUfoKs hq.fha§ wkjuo¾YS kï ysñ kul úiska ,shk ,±hs ie,flk
iso;ai`.rdfjys .=re`Mf.daó hk kduh kso¾Ykhlg f.k we;' z.=re`Mf.daó
i|f.daó r;eismd f.dia wE .SZ ta yd iuld,Skj ,shejqKehs ie,flk ksldh
ix.%fhao .=re`Mf.daó kduh i|ykah'
• .ïfmd< hq.fha§ rpkd jk uhqr ikafoaY .=re`M±ñ kue;af;l=f.a uqkqnqfrl=
jk lùYajr kue;s wfhl= úiska ,sh ,±hs tys olajd we;'
zlsúiqre u;e lsre`Mhqre /|s keKsks ire
.ksiqre .=re`M±ñ weÿß÷g uqkqnqreZ
• wudj;=frys NdIdj yd miqìu wdÈh úu¾Ykh lrk wfhl=g fmkS hkafka
.=re`Mf.daó l;=jrhd .ïfmd, hq.hg fndfyda mQ¾jfhkq;a" fmdf,dkakre
hq.fha wjidkfha;a oUfoKs hq.fha uq,a ld,fha;a jdih lrkakg we;s njhs'
• wudj;=frys l;=jrhd yd ld,h ms<sn| Wla; u;jdoj,ska wk;=rej tys
wka;¾.;h ms<sn| wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' wudj;=frys tk
wdrïNl ksñ;s mdGh lD;sfha idrd¾:h yiq lr f.k we;'
znqÿ.=K wkka; jk neúka kj.=K yeu lsh;a fkdms<sjkska tys mqßioïuidrÓ
moh f.k wm nqÿka mereï mqrd nqÿ je foõrï fjfyr ms<sf.ke tys fjfiñka
;=kaf,dõys ießie/ úIu mqreIhka oud wuduy ksjka meñK jQ fia fkdúh;a
yq§ ckka i|yd ishniska ud úiska iefLúka olajkq ,efí'Z
^wudj;=r" msgqj 01&
Wla; ksñ;s mdGfhys wka;¾.; lreKq my; mßÈ m%fNaokh l< yelsh
• .%ka: ksñ;a;( mqreIouHidrÓ moj¾Kkh
• mdGlhd( fkdúh;a yq§ ckhd ^ixialD;-md,s fkdo;a" isxy,h fyd|ska o;a&
• NdIdj( ishni ^md,s Í;shg nr fy< ni&
• ffY,sh( iefLúka ^ixfCIamfhka$fláfhka&
• wudj;=r nqÿrÿkaf.a úIu mqreIhka oukh lsÍfï .=Kh fyj;a
mqrsioïuidrÓ moh f.k mßÉfþo 18la hgf;a nqÿ isß; j¾Kkhg ,la
lrhs' ;%smsgl md,sfha ;ekska ;ek tk ouk l;d b;d rij;a l;d njg
m;a fldg isxy,hg jqjukd mßÈ ks¾udKd;aulj f.;+ rpkdj,shla fia
wudj;=r y÷kd.; yelsh'
• ks¾ÈIag l;dmqj;a ieflúka"
• mrika;dk oukh( ÿ¾odka; ouk l;dj,ska yd iajika;dk oukl;dj,ska
wk;=rej mrika;dk oukhg l;=jrhd wj;S¾K fjhs'
tys§ nqÿrÿka nqÿj i;ai;s .; lsÍu;a" wk;=rej miaj. ;jqikaf.a isg hil=,
mq;%hd we;=`M rdc l=udrjreka" rcjreka" iqfodjqka rcq" kkao l=ure yd rdyq,
l=ure meúÈ lsÍu" hfYdaOrd uqK .eiSu" YdlH jdxYslhkaf.a udkh ì|Su wdÈ
oduH;d olajd we;'
.ym;s oukh( Wmd,s .Dym;shd we;=`M .Dym;Ska oi fofkl= oukh l<
wdldrh §¾> jYfhka ths' nqÿrÿka b;du;a W;al¾Ifhka j¾Kkd fldg we;'
Wmd,s .Dym;shd weiQ m%Yak úpdÍug w;=re l;dmqj;a 4la l;=jrhd Ndú; lr
we;'
• oKavldrKHh
• ld,sx.drKHh
• fïoaOHdrKHh
• ud;x.drKHh
fï w;=re l;d b;d ks¾udKYS,sj f.d;k l;=jrhd fuys§ nqÿrÿkaf.a yd
ks.KaGkd:mq;a;f.a O¾uh ms<sn| ikaikaokd;aul ú.%yhl fhfohs'
• w`.=,au,a oukh( wx.=,sud, oukh l< wdldrh úia;r lr we;' fuh
m%Odk fldgia ;=kla hgf;a ú.%y flf¾'
• wysxil l=udfrda;am;a;sh
• Ydiaf;%da;a.%Kh
• .=rEmfoia mßÈ .=remQcdjg kslaóu
• kd. oukh( kkafodamkkao kd. rdchd iy kd,d.sß we;=ka oukh l<
wdldrh ms<sn| fuys ths'
• wdo¾Y m%Yak lsysmhla idlÉPd lsÍu"
1' wudj;=frys rpkd Í;sh$ffY,sh ^wdLHdk Í;sh$l:d Í;sh& ms<sn|
ikso¾Ykd;aul úpdrhla imhkak
Í;shla hkq hï rpkdjla ,shk wdldrhhs' ke;akï úêhhs' Í;shla ìys
jkafka jdlH rpkh ^ffY,sh& yd jdlafldaIh hk wxY foflys tl;=fjks'
f,aLlfhl=f.a NdId Í;sh idOl ;=kla u; r|d mj;shs' 1' meyeÈ,s yd úêu;a
Ñka;k Yla;sh 2' úIhh fyda mdGlhd ms<sn| f,aLlhd ;=< mj;sk wdl,amh
3' Ys,aml%u ms<sn| mßph
• Í;sh" mqoa., Í;sh yd hq. Í;sh jYfhka fohdldr fõ'
• lsishï f,aLlfhl=g wdfõKsl jQ NdId Í;sh mqoa., Í;sh (personal Style)
jYfhka y÷kd .efka' mqoa., Í;sh jqjo wruqK" jia;=úIh" f,aLlhdf.a
m%;sNdj u; úúOdldr úh yelsh' ^Wod( .=re`Mf.daóf.a wudj;=r iy
O¾um%§msldj&
• lsishï hq.hla ksfhdackh lrk NdId Í;sh" hq. Í;sh (Period Style)
jYfhka y÷kd.; yelsh'
• hï f,aLlfhl=f.a Í;sfhys úfYaI;d W;amdo jkafka jdlH
ixfhdackfha§;a" jdlafldaIh yeisrùfï§;a we;s lrk kjH;d fya;=fhks'
• wudj;=frys wdLHdk Í;sh ms<sn| úúO W.;=ka u; m%ldY fldg we;' th
u|la úuid ne,Su jà'
zwudj;=frys ni ir,h' jdlH fláh' wre;a jgyd,Su myiqh' lshjkakd
fjfyig m;a fkdlrhs' wkjYH j¾Kkdj,ska f;drh'Z
^isxy, idys;H ,;d" msgqj 67&
zfy`M jyf¾ w¾: Yla;sfha ;shqKq ;ru msßlaish hq;= kï ne,sh hq;af;a
.=re`Mf.daókaf.a wudj;=f¾ tk fy`Mjhs' jrla lshjd neÆ foa kej; lshQ
úg w¨;a ye`.Sï mdGlhd ;=< ±kùu ksid fy`Mj yqre okg wudj;=re ni
ieu úgu kj;dfhka hq;=j lshjd ri ú|sh yelsh''' flá jpk yd
flájelsj,ska mqÿudldr fia wre;a ±kùu .=re`Mf.daókaf.a rpkfhys we;s
úfYaI i,l=Khs'Z
^mq[aÑ nKavdr ikakia.," isxy, idys;HjxYh" ixialD;sl lgqh;= fomd¾;fïka;=j"
1994" msgqj 134&
zwudj;=r mqrd me;sr mj;akd fY%aIaG f,aLl ,laIKhka w;r wre;g"
rihg" isß;g" ;ekg" iqÿiq mßÈ NdIdj yd rpkd ffY,sh fh§fï .=Kh
fnfyúka w.h l< hq;a;ls' yqÿ fy< nig l;=jrhd uy;a fia m%sh l< nj
fmfka' isxy, NdIdfõ ie`.j ;snQ jHla; iajrEmh" m%dKj;aNdjh" ridjy
.=Kh .=re`Mf.daókaf.a ks¾udK fl!Y,Hh kue;s m¾fhaIKd.drh ;=<§
ksis f,i ilia ù iÔù NdIdjla f,iska ìys jQ whqre wudj;=frka fmfka'Z
^fydrK jýr[dK ysñ" isxy, idys;H .%ka: m%§msld" weia' f.dvf.a" 1992" msgq 105-106&
• zwdÈu .oH ldjH f,i ie,lsh hq;= wudj;=frys olakd ,efnkafka foaYSh
ud¾.hg yqre jk Í;shls' .=re`Mf.daóyqf.a wudj;=re NdIdj o fY%aIaG
.%ka:ldrfhl= w;ska ilia jqKq Ys,d,sms NdIdjuh''' .=re`Mf.daóyq ixialD;
.oH Í;shg jvd md,s Í;sh .=re fldg ie,l+fjls' tfyhska md,s Í;sh .=re
fldg.;a .=re`Mf.daóka úiska yev.eiqKq foaYSh ud¾.hla f,i ie,lsh hq;=
wudj;=r Í;sh kùk ljr nil jqj o Wiia ir, Í;shg fojeks
fkdjkakls'Z
^ud¾áka úl%uisxy" isxy, idys;Hfha ke`.Su" iuka uqøKd,h" 1963" msgqj 99&
zl;dj fláfhka lshñka jpk msßueiafuka fh§u .=re`Mf.daókaf.a rpkd
pd;+¾hfha tla wx.hla fõ kï jpkj, iïmQ¾K m%fhdackh .ekSu tys ;j;a
wx.hls' .=re`Mf.daóyq wre;a mejiSug muKla fkdj ye`.Sï weúiaiSug o jpk
fhdo;s' nfiys we;s w.xldr Tjqyq y÷k;s'Z
^wdkkao l=,iQßh" isxy, idys;Hh 1" iuka uqøKd,h" 1963" msgqj 149&
zlshhq;= lreKq È.a.iaiñka mqk mqkd lSu .=re`Mf.daóf.a isß; fkdùh' flá
jQ;a ir, jQ;a mo ;=k y;rlska Tyq rij;a jelshla ujhs' tjeks jels
lsysmhlska uyd È. mqj;la yl=,d lSu .=re`Mf.daóka ;=< msysá wmQre
olaIluls'Z
^ksjkaou Y%S O¾ulS¾;s ysñ" isxy, idys;Hfha iaj¾Khq.h" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"
1952" msgqj 93&
• .=re`Mf.daókaf.a rpkd Í;sh lskï iajrEmhla .kafkao hkak Wla; úh;a
u;j,ska meyeÈ,s fõ' l;=jrhd wdrïNl ksñ;s mdGfhau ish wdLHdk Í;sh
olajd we;' Tyq ish NdIdj fldg .kafka ishni hs' Tyqf.a rpkd ffY,sh
jkafka iefLúka fyj;a fláfhka lSuh' wudj;=frys ksñ;s mdGh iuia;
l;d mqrdjgu /l.kakg l;=jrhd W;aidy fldg we;'
• wudj;=r l;=jrhd ishni hkqfjka y÷kajd we;af;a fy< jyrhs' tkï md,s
yd ixialD; NdIdj,ska ;oaNj f,iska .;a Yío nyq, jdlafldaIhla iys;
NdIdjhs' ta w;r foaYSh jpko fndfyda m%udKhla we;'
• wudj;=f¾ jdlafldaIh ^jpk&"
1' md,s-ixialD; NdIdj,ska ;oaNj f,iska .;a jpk nyq, f,i Ndú; lsÍu
isjqrdielslmaiqjyila ^p;=rdixLH l,am ,laIhla&
oyï ^O¾u&
.|ls<sfhla ^.kaOl=á&
mi`.;=re ^mxpdx. ;+¾hh&
Wrefj,aliafnda ^W!refj, ldYHm&
ysñhd ms;a ^iajdñ mq;%hd&
u,a.|úf,jqka ^ud,d.kaOúf,amk&
2' md,s-ixialD; NdIdj, jpk we;eï úg ;;aiu yd w¾O ;;aiu f,iskao Ndú;
lsÍu
l¾umrjYje ^l¾uhg hg;aj& $ tays NslaLqNdjfhka
hka;%fõ.fhka $iefLúka
mdomßpdßld
jdhjHd fofiys ^jhU ÈYdj&
Roaê fm<yr
ijka[dK
3' ;;aiu yd ;oaNj jdlafldaIhg wu;rj merKs iajrEm .kakd we;eï jpko
l;=jrhd Ndú; fldg we;' ^ksIamkak jpk&
/hsïfuys ue ^WoEik wdrïNh$mdkaor&
l,l=rejd ^W¨lal= lrf.k&
ll=<
Wl=<
isñ|sfhda ^isys l<y&
• we;eï ;ekl l;=jrhd l:d jHjydÍh jpko Ndú; fldg we;'
oslafldag
nqÿkg isg isg uyKehs lS he'
• jdlafldaIhg jHdlrKd¾:o .efkk fyhska wudj;=frys jHdlrKd¾:
fuys,d idlÉPd l< yelsh'
• we ldr Ndú;h ^Wod( fldge" pKav he" mreI he" w;anje"&
• wjOdrKd¾:fhys ue ldr Ndú;h ^Wod( /hsïfuys ue" fkdjodre ue&
• o ldrh fjkqjg c ldrh Ndú; lsÍu
úicd$whðhy$iujðñka
• o ldrh yd v ldrh fjkqjg ÿ ldrh Ndú; lsÍu
rkajka isrereÿ$we;=ÿ$jokg
• wudj;=frys jdlafldaISh úfYaI;dj,ska wk;=rej jdlH ixhq;sfhys úfYaI;d
mÍlaId l< hq;=h
• wudj;=r l;=jrhd b;du flá jdlH Ndú; lrhs'
znrKeiakqj/ i;,siafl<la Ok we;s isglayqf.a ÈÜGux.,sld kñ tl u ÿjla jqj'
hym;' meyem;' rEm;' ^ÈÜGux.,sld l:dj&
zfidr la,dka; ù he' ñfhys fl< is|S .sfha' Yírfhka iafõo niaiS'Z ^wx.=,sud, oukh&
• Wla; ksoiqkaj,ska fmfkk mßÈ .=re`Mf.daó jdlH úkHdifha idudkH
iajrEmh jk Wla;h" l¾uh yd wdLHd;h hk wkqms<sfj<ska ú;ekaj fjkia
wdldrhlg jdlH ks¾udKh fldg we;'
• nyqjpk jdlH m%fhda. nyq,j fhdodf.k we;'
^Wod( w`.=,au,a fidryq ±uQ mßÈ lsfiah h;a&
• wfkl=;a ks¾udKd;aul .oHlD;sj,g jvd ;rula Wmud ndyq,Hfhka wju
Í;shla fuys we;'
• we;eï ;ekl kQ;k jHdlrKhg mgyeKs wjia:d iys; jdlH Í;so we;'
rclayq fihska kqjßka kslaue
Tyq nqÿka bjiQ neõ ±k je|e kqjr .sfhda'
• bldrdka; kdumo iu. ys m%;Hh fhdok wjia:d we;'
RISys ±yej keiQy
Wmd,s .ym;sys ±uQ mßÈ
mlaISys wdlYfhka hk .uka mSy
• wkshud¾: wm%dKjdÖ Wla; mo iu. ztlaZ m%;Hho wkqla; mo iu. zwlaZ
m%;Hho wudj;=frys nyq,j ±lsh yelsh'
rka úufkla we;s' $ ߧ oula n÷
• fï wdldrhg wudj;=frys rpkd Í;sh" l:d Í;sh" wdLHdk Í;sh" NdId
Ndú;h hkdÈh y÷kd.; yelsh'
m%Yak wxl 2" 3 iy 4
2' wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfhys,d wudj;=r l;=jrhd olajk idu¾:Hh
úu¾Ykhg ,lalrkak
3' l;d rih we;s lsÍug .=re`Mf.daó Wmfhda.S lr.;a rpkd Wml%u ljf¾±hs
wudj;=r weiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak
4' iÔù pß; ksrEmKfhys,d .=re`Mf.daó i;= wmQ¾j YlH;dj ms<sn| úuikak
• lsishï wjia:djla yd isoaêhla ksrEmKh lsÍfï§ .=re`Mf.daóka ;=< wmQ¾j
YlH;djla ;sìKs' tys§ Tyq pß; iÔj f,iska ksrEmKh lrhs' ta ish,a, Tyq
lrkafka ish rpkd Wml%u u.sks'
• wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfhys,d l;=jrhd olajk idu¾:Hh"
zieyercyq wNsudkfhka isoaO;al=ur wmg <±ß he' wm u,e' ms;e' uqkqnqfr hehs
is;d <ore <ore rcl=urkg f;ms je|je' wems f;dm msámie ys ÷ïy hs lSy'Z
^nqÿrÿka lsUq,aj;g meñK YdlH jdxYsl kEhka uqK .eiqK wjia:dj yd tys
isÿùu& ^wudj;=r" msgqj 34&
• nqÿrÿka iqfodjqka ud<s.hg jevu lsÍu yd hfYdaOrd foaù uqK .eiqK
wjia:dj yd ;§h isÿùï mdGl <me;af;ys l=vd ßÿul=;a iu. ksrEmKh
lr we;s wdldrh úiauhdjyh' fuys tk pß;o Tjqkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajho
iÔj f,iska ksrEmKh lr we;'
zieneúka uï .=Kj;a ùï kï Tyq u ud lrd t;s' tl, u j|sñ hs fkd.shd'
nqÿyq msh uyrcdKka ,jd mh f.kajd f.k fow.iõjka yd iu. wehf.a
isßhyka.ng t<Ue weh ßis fia j|kd l,ays fkdj<lkafkah hs jodrd
mekajQ wiafkys jevyqkayq' foaù fjf<ú j f.dia f.dmaui w;a ,d f.ke
mdmsge ysia ;nd jkjkd je<m ßis fia jekao' rdcfKda weh nqÿka flf¾
ikd nqyquka we;s mßÈ lshkakdyq jykafia" u ¥ f;dm lyj;a ykay hkq wid
lyj;a yk' f;dm tla fõf,a j<|;s hkq wid tlafõf,a j<|;s' uyhyka
mSy hkq wid uyhyka mshd mgyef|le fydù" f;dm u,a.|úf,jqka
fkdm<|kdnõ ±ke u,a.|úf,jqka y<'Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 34&
• wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfhys iy pß;hkays iÔùNdjh wmQ¾j wdldrfhka
ks¾udKh lrk wdldrhg foia fok ;j;a l;djla jYfhka ÈÜGux.,sld
mqj; ±laúh yelsh' fuh tla;dr wdldrhg n%dyauKsl l=,jdohg ÿka
m%ydrhls'
ztl,ays ÈÜGux.,sld >KaGdfhys y`v wid cjksld w;=frka n,kakS Tyq ÿßka
tkakyq ±l fï lj/hs ms<súie ief`vf,l hkq wid wems lskï wl=i,hla
l<ïy fyda fï ljr mdmhlayqf.a úmdlh fyda ud kiakd lf,la jkafka
fjhs' msßisÿ jkakg hkqfhï iev,layq Èáñ hs isrere fjjq¨jd .ryd fl<
mshd ±iakg jys Èh f.fkj ie`v,layqf.a ÿgq weiqÿ kï lS uqjh ÿ foúh
uekjehs''Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 55&
• tfiau l;=jrhd ish l;d ud¾.h rij;a lr .ekSug fhdod.;a rpkd
Wml%u w;r wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfhys wdl¾IKShNdjh;a" iÔù
wdldrfhka pß; yeisrùu;a ±l.; yelsh' ta jf.au ;j;a rpkd Wml%uhla
jYfhka b;du iqÿiq Wmudjka fhdod .ekSuo ±l.; yelsh'
ziqmsms leye,refllays u,aw;= ì|skjqka fihska wehf.a iõnrK .,jd
ksfhka iSudka; olajd ief`vd,a flfy ne| ks,am<shka y|jd''ks,auyfk,a
u,l=ÿ b;d n/ hs fkdm<|skd b;d ishque,s ±Í''Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 57&
• w`.=,au,a ouk l;dfõ§ nqÿrÿka wx.=,sud, uqK .eiSug hk wjia:dfõ
yrla n,dlshd .kakd msßila úiska nqÿrÿkag wx.=,sud,f.a iajrEmh úia;r
lrk wjia:dj l;=jrhdf.a rpkd ffY,sh;a" m%;sNdj;a" wjia:d yd isoaê
ksrEmKh;a fudkjg m%o¾Ykh lrkakls'
zuyK" tau`.g fkdhd' t u`.e w`.=,au,a kï fidrfla' oreKe' f,fyuq`vq w;a
we;af;a he' i;=ka flfrys l=¨Kq ke;af;a he' .ï fkd.ï lf<a' kshï.ï
fkdkshï.ï lf<a' okjq fkdokjq lf<a'Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 105&
• .=re`Mf.daóf.a wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfhys we;s YlH;dj;a" pß; iÔù
f,iska ksrEmKfha lsÍfï YlH;dj;a uekúka ksrEmKh lrk ouk
l;djla jYfhka kd,d.sß ouk l;dj .; yelsh'
zrcqf.a kd,d.sß kï we;a pKav he' mreI he' nqÿrejkays Ouqrejkays i`.=rejkays
.=K fkdokakS' rc fig kd,d.sß u;a fldg kqjr úysÿj;s' kqjr jeiafida
/hsïfuys ue yeu lsi fldg w;=refjhg fkdnis;aj hs kqjr fnr mshú lrù
he'Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 183&
• kd,d.sßf.a ievmreINdjh;a tod kqjr jeiaikag ÿka ksfhda.h;a wmQ¾j
wdldrfhka l;=jrhd olajhs' wk;=rej nqÿrÿka yd kd,d.sß yuqj Woafõ.lr
wjia:djla f,iska l;=jrhd ksrEmKh lrkafka ;ukaf.a wjia:d yd isoaê
ksrEmKfha fukau iÔj pß; ksrEmKfhys m%;sNdj úoyñks'
zkd,d.sß kï we;a pKav h mreI h lsis flfkl=kaf.a .=K fkdokakS' fya wo
uyK f.dhqïyqf.a rkajka isßreÿ ì| is| urdmshhs' wo wm i;=rd msg olaïy hs
myd wdÈh ke`.S isáfhda' we;=ÿ ñksiqka W;a;%di lrjñka f.a úoyñka y, iqka
iqka flfrñka fid`v Tijd f.k lkaje,a yqjdf.k'' tflfKys tla ud.ula
kd,d.sß ±l urKNhNS;j m,d hkakS Wl=f<ka .;a orejl= we;= yd nqÿka
w;=frys oud mshd m,d .shd'Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 185-186&
zore uy y`äka y`vhs' kd,d.sßh" ;d fidf<dia rd fmdjd u;a lrkakdyq
wfkllayq .kakg l<dyq fkdfj;s' ud .kakg l<dyq fj;s' wldrKfha
ll=,a l,l=rejd fkdweú± fudn t hs jod<y'Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 186&
• fï wdldrhg .=re`Mf.daóf.a wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfhys olajk
idu¾:Hh;a" pß;hka iÔú f,iska ksrEmKh lsÍfï fl!Y,Hh;a y÷kd.;
yelsh'
• rpfkdaml%u hkq l;=jrhd l;dj f.;Sug fhdod.;a úúOdlr m%fhda.hkah'
rpkd ffY,sfha úfYaI;d;a" NdIduh fhÿï ^ixjdod;aul NdIdj$Wmud wdÈ
w,xldr&" wjia:d" isoaê yd pß; wdÈh Ñ;a;rEm uefjk mßÈ iÔù f,iska
ksrEmKh lsÍu;a hkdÈh tys,d .; yelsh'
5' miajk m%Yakh"
ziuld,Sk iudc wjYH;djla imqrk lD;shla jYfhka wudj;=r we.hSug ,la
l< yelsh"Z úuikak
• wudj;=r rpkd jkafka yskaÿ wd.ñl u;jdo uy;a fia furg uq,a neif.k
mej;s wjêhlh' fn!oaO wd.ñl u;jdo hgm;aj úúO wkHd.ñl u;jdo
b;d iS>%fhka m%p,s; jQ hq.hla jYfhka fmdf,dkakre hq.h y÷kd.;
yelsh' fuu úúOdldr wd.ïj,ska m%p,s; lrkakdjQ foajjd§ ixl,am
flfrys fn!oaO ck;dj mjd kuHYS,s jQ hq.hla f,iska y÷kd.; yelsh'
fn!oaOhka ;=< nqoaO Nla;sh hgm;aj foaj Nla;sh biau;= úh' fuu iudc
m%jK;dj tfrysj ler,s .eiSu tl, idys;Hlrejdf.a ld¾hNd¾hh ùh' th
tla;rd wdldrhg ld,Sk iudc wjYH;djls'
• il, foúfoaj;djqkag jvd nqÿka jykafia Wiia nj mjiñka nqÿrÿka
W;al¾Ifhka j¾Kkd lsÍula wudj;=frka isÿ jkafkah'
• wudj;=relrKfha woyi ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sfï§ m%n,j mefkk ldrKhla
we;' ta'ù' iqrùr isxy, idys;H iïm%odh lD;sfhys olajk mßÈ"
zfid<S n,h ,laÈj flfuka me;sfr;au yskaÿ iuh ksid we;s jQ foaj weoys,s
yd foaj mQcd kue;s uyj;=rg wfma fn!oaO ck;dj hg;a jQy' thg ms<shï
lsÍu i|yd bÈßm;a jQ uq,au f,aLlhd .=re`Mf.daóka úh yelshs' O¾u
.%ka:hlao blaì;sj nqoaO pß;hlao ,shQ .=re`Mf.daókaf.a jEhu jQfha foaj
weoys,s mqo mQcd flfrys fhduq jQ ,la ck;djf.a is;sú,s h<s;a nqÿka yd nqÿ
oyu fj; yrjd ,Suh'Z
^ta'ù' iqrùr isxy, idys;H iïm%odh" weia' f.dvf.a 1966" msgqj 91&
• wudj;=f¾ ÿ¾odka; oukfha isg tk mßÉfþo 18u l;=jrhd fhdod .kafka
yskaÿ Nla;sh fj; fõ.fhka we§ hk fn!oaO ck;dj h<s;a fn!oaO
iïm%odhlg msysgq ùugh' ta fya;=j ksidu l;=jrhd nqÿrÿka w;Hq;al¾Ifhka
j¾Kkhg ,la lrhs'
• wudj;=f¾ tk isoaOd¾: l=udfrda;am;a;sh yd ta ksid we;sjk mdßißl
ip,;d" ukqIH m%dKSka ;=< we;sjk úm¾hdi wdÈh olajñka nqorÿkaf.a Wm;
mjd wfkla ish,a,kagu jvd Wiia fldg olajd we;'
zTjqka ujql=ii ms<sis|.;a ú.ie tl meyer oioyia f,daOd lïms; ù he' oi
oyila ilaj< wmuK wf,dal ùh' ta fYdaNd olakg lKyq weia ,oy' ta /õ
ìysryq weiQy' f.d`Mfjda .dhkd l<y' l=ÿyq bÿisßre we;s jQy' yeu i;=kaf.a
frda. ikaysK' yeu i;akg iqj ckjñka iqj| fuf<la isys,a iq<`. yeóh'
.x.dfyda fkdf.dia isáhy' mlaISyq wdldYfhys hk .uka mSy'Z
^wudj;=r" msgqj 08&
• mrika;dk oukfhys wjik tk my; mdGfhkao nqÿrÿka W;al¾Ihg kxjd
we;'
zfufihska nqÿrÿka mqßioïuidrÓ jk neúka Oïila mj;afkys mgkaf.k
wfka Roaêm%d;syd¾hfhka yd foaikd ú,difhka yd uyK ÿ`M¨ nuqKq .eyeú
ieyerc wE wfkaishoyiai;=ka i;kays ÿ,oa ì| oud wuduy ksjka muqKqjñka'Z
^wudj;=r" msgqj 39&
• yskaÿ Nla;s ud¾.hg m%;smlaI jYfhka nqÿka jykafia flfrys ,lajeis
ck;djf.a Y%oaOd Nla;sh ckkh lsÍfï mrud¾:fhka wudj;=r ,shfjkakg
we;s nj;a" ;§h iduhsl yd idudcsl jHdmdrfha uq,au wjia:dj f,i;a
wudj;=r we.hSug ,la l< yelsh'
• .ym;s ouk l;djg m%fõYhla .kakd .=re`Mf.daó ish ks¾udKfha m%Odk
l:lhd fyj;a nqÿrÿkaf.a il,úO m%dKSka u;=fhys by<skau Tijd ;nk
wdldrfhkau fmkS hkafka ;;ald,Sk foajjdoh mrhd nqÿoyu k`.d isgqùfï
mrud¾:hhs'
zfufia nqÿyq foõrï fjfy/ oyïwudjyf¾ jiajñka jev jikqfjda
;=kaf,dõys ießird Wmd,s.ym;sys wE isÜkqÿ l+goka; wE nuqKqÿ wcdi;a wE
rcqkqÿ w`.=,au,a wE fidrkqÿ iNsh wE mßj%dclfhksÿ iÉpl wE kqjg
orejkqÿ mdÀlmq;% wE È.ïnrfhkqÿ iÉpnoaOl wE cá,fhkqÿ ndjdßl wE
;jqikqÿ YdlHNslaIq wE uyKkqÿq kkafodamkkao wE kd.rdchkqÿ kd,d.sßys
wE uydkd.hkqÿ wd,jl wE hlaIhkqÿ rdyq wE wiqrhkqÿ ilafoõrcq wE
foúhkqÿ nl wE nUkqÿ oud wuduyksjka meñKsjQyq'Z ^wudj;=r" msgqj 39&
• Wla; ldrKh jvd;a myiqfjka wjfndaO lr .ekSug .ym;s ouk l;dj
lshjkak

ia;=;shsæ