REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)

EX: Lisa said, 'I'm tired.'

 Lisa said that she was tired
4 bước chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật:
B1: chọn từ tường thuật (said, told, asked, denied, promised, suggested,
v.v..)
B2: lùi thì động từ
B3: đổi các đại từ và tính từ sở hữu
B4: đổi các từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian

B2 : Lùi thì :
 Hiện tại → Quá khứ
 Quá khứ → Quá khứ hoàn thành
 Tương lai → Tương lai trong quá khứ

Câu trực tiếp Câu tường thuật

work worked

is/are working was/were working

have/has worked had worked

have/has been working had been working

will work would work

will be working would be working

will have worked would have worked

will have been working would have been working

worked had worked

was/were working had been working

had worked had worked

had been working had been working

 can → could
 may → might
 must = bắt buộc → had to
 must = có vẻ → must (không đổi)
 could → could (không đổi)
 might →might (không đổi)
 should → should (không đổi)
Câu tường thuật tạm thời đến bước 2 sẽ là:
EX: I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.
Tom said that I wanted to see this movie with my girlfriend
tomorrow
B3:

Câu trực tiếp Câu tường thuật

I he / she

we they
you (số ít) he / she / I

you (số nhiều) they

me him / her

us them

you (số ít) him / her / me

you (số nhiều) them

myself himself / herself

ourselves
themselves

yourself himself / herself / myself

yourselves themselves

my his / her

our their

your (số ít) his / her / my

your (số nhiều) their

mine his / hers

ours theirs

yours (số ít) his / her / mine

yours (số nhiều) theirs

Câu tường thuật tạm thời đến bước 3 sẽ là:

I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow
 Tom said that he wanted to see this movie with his girlfriend tomorrow
B4:

here there

now then

today that day

tonight that night

the previous day

yesterday
the day before
the following day
tomorrow
the next day

(two weeks) ago (two weeks) before

the previous month

last (month)
the month before
the following month
next (month)
the next month

this that
these those

Câu tường thuật hoàn chỉnh sẽ là:

I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow
 Tom said that he wanted to see that movie with his girlfriend the
following day

Câu tường thuật cho câu hỏi

Dùng từ tường thuật khác

 asked = hỏi
 wondered = băn khoăn, thắc mắc
 wanted to know = muốn biết

Câu hỏi có từ hỏi

(what, who, when, where, why, how, vân vân)
Ex: Where can I find Lisa?
 He asked where he could find Lisa
 He asked where to find Lisa
Ex: What are you doing?
 She asked me what I was doing
Ex: Please wait for me here, Mary
Tom told Mary to wait for him there
Ex: Tom said “Will you help me, please”
Tom asked me to help him
Ex: Jane asked Tom: 'Can you open the door for me, Tom?'
Jane asked Tom to open the door for her
Câu hỏi Yes/No
Thêm từ if hoặc whether trước câu hỏi
Ex: Does anybody see Tom?
 She asked if anybody saw Tom?
Ex: Have you done your homework?
My mother asked me whether I had done my homework.
Lưu ý: lời nói được thuật lại là một việc vẫn đúng ở hiện tại", nếu thời
gian đó chưa qua thì ta sẽ vẫn giữ nguyên nó lại trong câu tường thuật
Ex: She says “I will come”
She says she will come
***TH từ tường thuật khác told, said
Tuy nhiên, những từ này thường không sử dụng cấu trúc said that hay told
somebody that, mà sử dụng cấu trúc V-ing hoặc To + Verb, ví dụ
như asked someobody + To Verb hay denied + V-ing
accuse sb. of doing sth.: Buộc tội blame sb. for doing sth.: đổ lỗi
admit doing sth: thừa nhận complain (about / that): than
phiền
admit that: thừa nhận
complain to sb. about sth.
advise sb, to do sth.: khuyên (nên
làm ) confess to doing something: thú
tội
advise sb. against doing
sth.:khuyên không nên làm confess that
=sb. not to do sth. congratulate sb. on doing sth.:
chúc mừng
agree to do sth,: đồng ý
criticize sb. for doing sth.: phê
apologize (to sb.) for doing sth.:
bình
xin lỗi
demand sb. to do sth.: yêu cầu
ask sb. to do sth.: hỏi
deny doing sth.: từ chối
assure that/be sure that: chắc
rằng deny that
beg sb, to do sth: cầu xin encourage sb. to do sth.: khuyến
khích
forbid sb. to do sth.: cấm
insist on doing sth: khăng khăng
insist that
instruct sb. to do sth.: hướng dẫn
invite sb. to do sth.: mời
object to sth./doing sth.: phản đối
offer to do sth. (for sb.): đề nghị
order sb. to do sth.: ra lệnh
persuade sb. to do sth.: thuyết
phục
promise to do sth.: hứa
propose doing sth.: đề nghị
propose that
recommend doing sth.: tiến cử
recommend that
refuse to do sth. : từ chối
regret (not) doing sth. : hối hận
remind sb. to do sth. : nhắc
suggest doing sth.: gợi ý
suggest that
tell sb. to do sth.
thank (sb.) for doing sth.
threaten to do sth. : đe dọa
threatened that
urge sb. to do sth, : hối thúc
want to know (what/when / if..
warn sb. against doing sth. : cảnh
báo
warn sb. not to do sth.
wonder (what / when / if...): tự
hỏi