REPORTED SPEECH / INDIRECT SPEECH

Report: báo cáo, speak: nói, speech: bài nói, direct: trực tiếp, indirect: gián tiếp, không trực tiếp

1) Mary said to Nam “You are smart” 3) Tom said to Mai: “I will come tomorrow.”
 Mary said/told that Nam was smart  Tom said/told that he would come the next day.

2) They said to me: “We had closed the gate before 4) The police said: “The thief is hiding in house.”
you came.”  The police said that the thief was hiding in
 They said that they had closed the gate before I house.
had came.

- Khi chuyển câu sang dạng trần thuật, ta đổi:

+ SUBJECT S
+ TENSE V
+ ADVERB ADV

TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP

this that
these those
here there
now then
today that day
yesterday the day before/the previous day (previous: trước
đây)
tomorrow the day after/the following day
ago before
next week the week after/the following week
last night the night before/ the previous night

1) Yes-No question:
Ex:
“Are you tired ?” Nam said to Lan
 Nam asked Lan if she was tired.
“Have they ever been to Hanoi ?” my sister asked
 My sister asked if they had ever been to Hanoi.

Trong câu hỏi YES – NO, ta dùng IF/ WHETHER (nếu/liệu) sau từ để hỏi.

2) Wh-question
Ex:
“What is your name ?” Mary said to Tom
 Mary asked Tom what his name was.
“How many games did they play ?” my friend asked
 My friends asked how many games they had played.
Note: - Một số động từ để hỏi: ASK/WONDER(TỰ HỎI)/WANT TO KNOW
 TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Cont. Past Cont.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Cont. Past Perfect Cont.
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Cont. Past Perfect Cont.
Past Perfect //
Past Perfect Cont. //
Simple Future ( will + VO) Future in the past ( would + vo )
Future Cont (will be +V-ING) would be + ving
Future Perfect (will have V3) would have + v3
Future Perfect Cont.(will have been +V-ING) would have been + ving
Near Future(am/is/are going to) was/were + going to + v0
must had to
can could
may might

3) Trần thuật câu mệnh lệnh:

ASK/TELL S.O (not) to do S.T

Ex: The teacher said to his students: “Open this door”
 The teacher asked his students to open that door.

NGOÀI ĐỘNG TỪ ask/tell, ta còn dùng những động từ order(ra lệnh)/request/command(yêu cầu)

Note: có 1 số câu hỏi nhưng không dùng để hỏi mà là để nhờ vả, yêu cầu, khi chuyển sang câu trần thuật ta dùng cấu
trúc:

Ex: Could/Can you please open the door ?

Would/Do you mind opening the door ?

 He asked me to open the door

 4) Dùng to V để trần thuật

a. “You should sell your bike” said my friend f.

“Go on, take part in the competition” said my
 My friend advised me to sell my old bike. father
ADVISE S.O (not) TO DO S.T  My father encouraged me to take part in the
(khuyên ai làm gì) competition.
ENCOURAGE S.O TO DO S.T
b.“I will snd you a ticket as soon as I get it” Ben (khuyến khích ai làm gì)
told me
 Ben promised to send me a ticket as soon as he got it. g.
“Shall I give you a ride to the station, Peter” said
PROMISE S.O TO S.T Nam
(hứa với ai làm gì)  Nam offered Peter to give him a ride to the station.
OFFER S.O TO DO S.T
c. “ I will shoot if you move” said the robber (yêu cầu ai làm gì)
 The robber threatened to shoot if I move.
THREATEN TO DO S.T h. “Leave this place” the officer told his soliders
(đe dọa ai làm gì)  The officer ordered his solidiers to leave that place.
ORDER S.O (not) TO DO S.T
d. “Don’t come to near the edge” said the guide (ra lệnh ai làm gì)
 The guide warned the tourist not to come near the
edge. i.“Do me a favor, please” said the servant to his
WARN S.O (not) TO DO S.T master
(cảnh báo ai làm gì)  The servant begged his master to do him a favor.
BEG S.O TO DO S.T
e.“Would you like to go on picnic with us ?” said (van xin ai làm gì)
Mai j. “Don’t forget to turn off the lights before
 Mai invinted us to go on picnic with them. leaving” Sue told me
INVITE S.O TO DO S.T  Sue reminded me to turn off the lights before leaving.
(mời ai làm gì) REMIND S.O TO DO ST
(nhắc nhở ai làm gì)
 5) Dùng VING để trần thuật CONGRATULATE S.O ON DOING S.T
(chúc mừng ai làm gì)
a. “You stole my watch” the man said to the boy
 The man accused the boy of stealing his watch. f. “ I didn’t break your window” he said
ACCUSE S.O OF DOING S.T  He denied breaking my window.
(buộc tội ai làm gì) DENY DOING S.T
(phủ nhận làm gì)
b. “I’m afraid I have lost your letter” Kevin told
 Kevin admited to losing my letter. g.“I really must see the manger in person” Lan
ADMIT DOING S.T said.
(thừa nhận làm gì)  Lan insisted on seeing the manger in person.
INSIST ON DOING S.T
c. “I’m sorry I’m late” Amada said (nài nỉ làm gì)
 Amada apologized for being late.
APOLOGIZE FOR DOING S.T h. “Why don’t we share the cost” they said.
(xin lỗi vì làm gì)  They suggested sharing the cost.
SUGGEST DOING S.T
d.“It was your fault. You gave us undear (đề nghị làm gì)
instructions” he said
 He blamed me of giving them undear instructions. i.“Thank you very much for telling me the truth”
BLAME S.O FOR DOING S.T she said.
(trách mắng ai vì làm gì)  She thanked for telling her the truth.
THANK (S.O) for DOING
e.“Well done, Brian ! You have passed the exam” (cám ơn ai vì làm gì)
said his father
 His father congratulated him on passing the exam.

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG ĐỔI THÌ TRONG CÂU TRẦN THUẬT.

a. Động từ trần thuật ở thì hiện tại/ tương lai

Ex: She says: “I am a nurse”
 She says that she is a nurse.
b. Câu điều kiện/ câu WISH ( loại 2-3 )
Ex: “If I were you, I wouldn’t go there” he said.
 He said if he were me, he wouldn’t go there.
c. It’s (high) time + S + V2 ( phần It’s đổi thành It was )
Ex: “It’s time we went” he said
 He said it was time they went.
d. Sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lí
Ex: He said: “Paris is the capital of France”
 He said that Paris is the capital of France.