DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH (kalimat langsung) adalah kata-kata yang diucapkan langsung oleh pembicara

INDIRECT SPEECH (kalimat tidak langsung) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan
kata-kata si pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, INDIRECT SPEECH (Reported Speech)
digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH terdiri dari 3 jenis:

I. Statement (Pernyataan)
II. Command (Perintah)
III. Question (Pertanyaan)

Perubahan / Perbedaan dari DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

I. To be & Auxiliary Verb

DIRECT INDIRECT
Am / is / Are Was / Were
Shall / Will Should / Would
Can Could
May Might
Must / Have to / has to / ought to Had to

II. Adverb Time & Place

DIRECT INDIRECT
Now Then
Tomorrow The following day
Next week The following week
Tonight That night
 Today That day
Yesterday The day before
Last night The night before
Last week The week before/ the previous week
Here there
This that
These those

III. TENSES

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past & Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Future Past Future

EXAMPLE

A. STATEMENT

In Indirect Statement, we use THAT as a conjunction between introductory phrase and reported
words……

He said

He said to me that + Reported words

He told me

Eg:

 Mary told her friends: “I have been to Bali twice”

- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.

 Paijo said: “I am going out of town tomorrow.”

- Paijo said that he was going out of town the following day.
  My Sister said to me: “I don’t like tennis.”
- My Sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.

Apabila Pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak
mengalami perubahan.

Eg.

 John says: “I will go to Bandung Tomorrow.”

- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow

 Tom says: “I don’t like English.”

- Tom says that He doesn’t like English

B. COMMAND:
1. Positive Command
2. Negative Command

1. POSITIVE COMMAND

Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung
antara Introductory Phrase and Reported word.

He asked me
To + Infinitive
He told me
Eg:

 He asked me: “Open your book.”

- He asked me to open my book

 Ony told me: “Stop talking to Jane.”

- Ony told me to stop talking to Jane

 Mother asked John: “Pay attention to what I say.”

- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says
 2. NEGATIVE COMMAND

Dalam kalimat perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan

Eg:

 I told him: “Don’t mention it to anyone.”

- I told him not to mention it to anyone.

 Ira asked to me: “Don’t come to my house again!”

- Ira asked to me not to come to her house again.

C. QUESTION

Bila pertanyaan menggunakan kata-kata Tanya seperti Where, Why, What, Who, How dll…
maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dlm Reported Speech. Kalimat yang
dilaporkan dalam bentuk Positif.

He asked me (5W 1H) + Positive Form

Eg:

 The man asked me: “Where do you live?”

- The man asked me where I lived

 Rony asked Lucy: “Why do you get angry with me?”

- Rony asked Lucy why she got angry with him

 Oneng asked that girl: “What is your name?”

- Oneng asked that girl what her name was.

Bila Pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata Tanya dan hanya merupakan dalam
bentuk Yes&No Question maka kita-kata if, whether (jika,apakah) sebagai penghubung
antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.

Eg:

 The boy asked Uni: “Does Mbah sumi live near here?”
- The boy asked Uni if Mbah sumi lived near there

 We asked him: “Will you go to the movie with us tonight?”

- We asked him whether he would go to the movie with us that night.