DIRECT AND INDIRECT

SPEECH
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
 It is original quotation of a talk It is always
placed between two quotation marks
The teacher asked, "Why didn't you
complete your homework?"

 It is always peceded by Capital letter

 Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct
speech when the introductory verb position is
in the front.
She said: "I finished the project yesterday.“
The teacher asked, "Why didn't you complete your homework?"

 Comma (,) are placed after direct speech

when the introductory verb position is placed
after or between the direct speech (tanda koma
(,) harus diletakkan setelah direct speech
"I finished the project yesterday.“, She said
 The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!),
question mark (?) that point type of sentence of
direct speech do not change

Eg.
- ‘Where do you live?’ she asked
- My Father says to my brother: ‘Wash your
hands!’
- He yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door open!’
INDIRECT SPEECH
 - It is a kind of report sentence
 - It retells one’s talk or idea
 - It undergoes certain
 - It has three types of indirect speech (ada
tiga jenis indirect speech)
1. Imperative (Command/request)
2. Declarative (Statement)
3. Interrogative (question
1. Imperative (Command/request)
– Reported is a command
– Because of a command so that it does not know
subject
– The verb in direct imperative does not change
- Imperative has contain verb 1 like go, sleep,
open etc so in the indirect speech is
preceded by to infinitive) namely to go, to
sleep, to open
 It also has non verb, so the reported
command is preceded by ‘Be +
adjective/adverb!’ like: be quiet, be happy,
be here so in the Indirect Speech it
becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to be
here
 POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
He said, “Go away!” He told me to go away
He ordered her to go away
“Come here!” she She asked him to come there
said. She commended them to come there
I begged us to be quite
I said, “Be quite!” I suggested the children to be quite
‘Be quiet!’ she yelled at She ordered the children to
the children be quiet
He begged, “Be happy!” He warned to be happy

‘Please help me!’ she She asked him to help

told him her
ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
 NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
He said, “Don’t go He told me not to go away
away!” He ordered her not to go away
She asked him not to come there
“Don’t Come here!” she She commended them not to come there
said
I begged us not to be noisy
I said, “Don’t Be I suggested the children not to be noisy

noisy!”
He begged, “Don’t be He warned us not to be lazy
lazy!”
‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said She advised John not to
to John be lazy
‘Don’t worry about it!’ he He told her not to worry
said to her about it
 Declarative (Statement)
A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT
SPEECH
I He/She
You me/he/she/them/I/him/her
My his/her
Our their/our
Your My/his/her
 Declarative (Statement)
B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 now then
 today that day
 tomorrow the next day
the day after
the following day
a day later

 next the … after
 the following …
 Declarative (Statement)
B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 last … the … before
the previous …
the preceding …
 … ago … before
 … earlier
 yesterday the day before
the previous day
the preceeding day
 the day before yesterday two days before
 here there
 this that
 these those
 Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 Present Simple Past Simple
 Present Continuous Past Continuous
 Present Perfect Past Perfect
 Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
 Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 Future Simple Past Future
 Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
 Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
 Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect
Continuous
 Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 Past Simple Past Perfect
 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
 Past Perfect Past Perfect
Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 Verb 1 Verb 2
 Verb 2 Had + Verb 3
 Is was
 Am was
 Are were
 Have had
 Has had
 Do did
 Does did
 Was/were had been
 Did had + verb 3
Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT
SPEECH
 Can could
 May might
 Must had to
 Shall should
 Will would
 Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 /
been
 Could + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / been
 Might + verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / been
 Should + verb 1 should + have + verb 3 /
been
 Would + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 / been
 Examples:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

 Anto: ‘I will go now.’ Anto said that he

would go then
 Ratu: ‘They love me.’ Ratu told me they loved
her
 ‘I’ve been writing’, Ika Ika answered that he
answered had been writing

Father: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Father told that

he had been
sick the day before
3. Interrogative (question)
a. Preceded by Auxiliary
 When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
needs yes/No answer it will be used the
conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
 The steps how to make indirect speech:
– The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly
changed into statement
– It then follows the rules before
 Examples

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT

SPEECH
Doctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’
 You usually take a nap ---- Doctor asks
if/whether I
usually take a
nap
 Examples
DIRECT SPEECH
Ratu: ‘Are you a student?’
– You are a student
INDIRECT SPEECH
– Ratu asked if/whether I was a
student
 Examples
DIRECT SPEECH
Hary: ‘May I borrow your car?’
 Preceded by Question Word (QW)
– I may borrow your car

INDIRECT SPEECH
– Hary asked if he might borrow my
– Hary asked whether he might borrow my
 a. Preceded by Question Words

 In the question using Question

Word (QW)
– To form indirect speech the question
is firstly changed to be statement
– QW: what, when, where, which, why,
who, whom, etc. are used as
conjunction
 Example
 DIRECT SPEECH
– Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’
- You spell your name

 INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi asked how I spelt my name
 Example
DIRECT SPEECH
– Shofia: Where can you keep your money
safely?’
You can keep your money safely

INDIRECT SPEECH
- Shofia asked me where I could keep my
money safely.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
MAY YOU UNDERSTAND THE
EXPLANATION EASILY
DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
MAY YOU UNDERSTAND THE
EXPLANATION EASILY