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Unit 2 Analysis of HVDC Converters and HVDC System Control PDF
Unit 2 Analysis of HVDC Converters and HVDC System Control PDF
· With overlap
Without overlap
· At any instant two valves are conducting in the bridge.
With overlap
Due to leakage inductance if the converter transformer and the
impedance in the
supply network, the current in a valve cannot change suddenly
and the
commutation from one valve to next cannot be
instantaneous.
· For example : When Valve 3 is Fired.
· The Current transfer from valve 1 to valve 3 takes a finite period
during which both valves are conducting.
· This is called OVERLAP and its duration is measured by the
OVERLAP ANGLE (m) .
· three modes of the converter as follows.
· Rectifier
· Inverter
RECTIFIER
· The rectifier in general has 3 modes:
INVERTER
· The voltages across the value has a positive dent because of the
secondary commutation.
· With increased over lap and consequently earlier ignition of the
value, the dent encroaches on the period in which the valve
voltage would otherwise be negative.
· With Decreased commutation margin , the dent becomes
entirely negative ,If any dent changes takes places.
• Mode 2 :
5 and 6 value conduction
30 degree < u < 60 degree
• Mode 3 :
6 value conduction
0 < alpha < 30 degree u=60 degree
• Mode 4 :
6 and 7 value conduction
60 degree < u < 90 degree
• Mode 5:
7 and 8 value conduction
90 degree < u < 120 degree
· It is noted that, the second mode is continuous of
the 1st mode Similarly, 5th mode is continuous of 7th
mode
· The region of the mode 3 shrinks to a point when alpha exceeds
30 degree
· When no AC filters are provided and the source
reactance Is not zero the operation of either bridge is
affected by the commutation process taking place in the
other bridge.
· 5 value conduction
Reduction
Equidistant pulse control was used to eliminate residual
harmonics. It involves increased reactive power
consumption.
Firing angle errors Causes
1.Due to jitter (or) nature of control system
2. Ripple in current feedback signal Properties of non-characteristics
harmonics due to firing angle errors
1.There were even harmonics if ∆x or d≠0
i. ∆x, d=parameter showing the deviation of the current waveform
2.The magnitude of the characteristic harmonics were also affected
due to this
3.Triple harmonics would fall into odd or even groups defined by
h=6n+3
n=0, 1, 2
h=6n n=1, 2
In each of these groups, the magnitude of harmonics decreases
monotonically as n increases.
4. Two groups of even harmonics which were not multiples of
3 were given by h=6n+2, n=0, 1, 2
h=6n+4, n=1, 2
In one group, magnitude increases with n while in the other
group, it decreases with the increase in n.
(i)Power/frequency control
It is sometimes specified that the HVDC transmission shall assist
the existing power generation stations to control the frequency of
the network. It is often stated in such cases that a dead-band for
the frequency deviation shall exist. The gain of the regulator as well
as the dead-band are normally variable. example of controller
arrangement in
which the power/frequency control unit generates an additional
power order D Pmod to a manually set order Po . If required the
regulator can be so designed that
the property of it is similar to a turbine governor as illustrated