PART I:

INSTRUCTIONS: read carefully the following text, then answer the questions below correctly

The Atom Bomb

The atom bomb is arguably the most destructive invention in human history. It has the power to level cities and kill
hundreds of thousands of people at once-the United States, to this day, is the only country to use the atom bomb in war.
In the early 20th century, physicists discovered the properties of atoms, and realized that they held tremendous amounts
of energy inside them which were not previously apparent. Winston Churchill himself speculated that a bomb 'no bigger
than an orange' might be able to destroy a city block. In 1934, a German physicist named Leó Szilárd escaped to London,
where he patented the concept of a nuclear chain reaction, in which one nuclear reaction triggers several others to take
place, and gave birth to the preliminary concept of an atom bomb. Scientists all over the world were doing concurrent
experiments to push our understanding of the process. When World War II broke out, both sides of the war knew that the
atom bomb was theoretically possible, though thus far nobody had been able to successfully create one. The fears that
the Nazis might build an atom bomb led Albert Einstein to write a letter to US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, telling
him about the dangers of the weapon. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 incited the President into action, and
he commissioned the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project consisted of many of the world's greatest scientists. This
included many who had escaped Europe in the wake of World War II. These men and women were tasked with creating
an atom bomb, set up in secret sites all over the US-eminently in Los Alamos, New Mexico-and given unprecedented
funding. The team, led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, conducted research which rapidly advanced the scientific
understanding that had been the norm up until that point. They performed experiments with uranium and plutonium
fission bombs (fission means the atom splits). At the same time, the Nazis had their own nuclear weapons program, but
were way behind the Americans. The weapon was ready for preliminary tests three months after Germany's surrender in
1945. The scientists successfully blew up the first nuclear bomb in the New Mexico desert. That same month, the United
States issued an ultimatum to Japan, who was still in the war-surrender or face 'complete and utter destruction.' The
Japanese declined surrender, and to avoid a long and bloody land battle, President Truman authorized the detonation of
two nuclear weapons in Japan. The bombs were dropped by planes on the cities of Hiroshima On August 6, 1945. The
bomb was known as "Little Boy", a uranium gun-type bomb that exploded with about thirteen kilotons of force. At the
time of the bombing, Hiroshima was home to 280,000-290,000 civilians as well as 43,000 soldiers. Between 90,000 and
166,000 people are believed to have died from the bomb in the four-month period following the explosion, and in
Nagasaki, Three days later, a second atomic bomb was dropped, on August 9 – a 21-kiloton plutonium device known as
"Fat Man.” On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents,
9,000 Japanese soldiers, and 400 prisoners of war. Prior to August 9, Nagasaki had been the target of small scale bombing
by the United States. Many people were killed directly or indirectly by the bomb's effects, including burns, radiation
sickness, and cancer. Though Japan surrendered as a result, the Soviets had managed to plant spies in the Manhattan
Project, and soon developed their own nuclear weapons. The armament on both sides resulted in the subsequent Cold
War. Surprisingly, the atom bomb potentially prevented outright bloodshed in the Cold War, as anyone who used it would
be destroyed by the opposition's bombs, a concept termed 'mutually assured destruction.' Though atomic energy could
potentially be used to solve the energy crisis, it also has the potential to be horribly destructive if it falls into the wrong
hands.
1) Is the most destructive invention in human history?
a) The Atom Bomb c) Mines
b) TNT d) Weapons
2) What is the only country to use the atom bomb in war?
a) El Salvador c) Japon
b) Russia d) United Sates
3) Who discovered the properties of atoms?
a) Albert Einstein c) President Truman
b) Physicists d) Winston Churchill
4) Who invented the concept of the atom bomb?
a) Americans b) J. Robert Oppenheimer
 c) Multiple international scientists d) Albert Einstein
5) What drove FDR to fund the creation of the atom bomb?
a) The rise of Nazi Germany c) The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
b) Albert Einstein's letter d) All of the above
6) What properties physicists discovered about atoms?
a) They does not held tremendous amounts of c) It contains amounts of water
energy d) It contains amounts of soil
b) Atoms held tremendous amounts of energy
7) Who speculated that a bomb 'no bigger than an orange' might be able to destroy a city block?
a) Albert Einstein c) President Truman
b) Physicists d) Winston Churchill

8) Who patented the concept of a nuclear chain reaction?

a) Leó Szilárd c) Albert Einstein
b) Winston Churchill d) J. Robert Oppenheimer

9) Who wrote a letter to US President Franklin Roosevelt, telling him about the dangers of the weapon?
a) Winston Churchill c) J. Robert Oppenheimer
b) Albert Einstein d) Leó Szilárd

10) What was the secret sites used for the scientist who created the atom bomb?
a) In Europe c) In Germany
b) In Los Alamos. New Mexico d) In Japan
11) What elements had the Atoms Bombs?
a) uranium and plutonium fission bombs c) Nitrogen and oxygen
b) Gunpowder d) Trinitrotoluene
12) What president authorized the detonation of two nuclear weapons in Japan?
a) President Franklin Roosevelt c) President Barack Obama
b) President Truman d) President Donald Trump
13) What reason incited to President Roosevelt to use the Atomic Bomb?
a) The Einstein’s Letter c) The Nazis might build an atom bomb too
b) The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in d) the Manhattan Project
1941
14) What was the Manhattan Project?
a) A construction project in New York City c) A Nazi spy operation
b) The research project to create an atom d) The start of the Soviet space program
bomb
15) What was the name of the Atomic Bomb dropped in Hiroshima?
a) Little boy c) Batman
b) Fat boy d) Fat man
16) What was the name of the Atomic Bomb dropped in Nagasaki?
a) Little boy c) Batman
b) Fat boy d) Fat man
17) Approximately, how many people died in Hiroshima?
a) 90,000 and 166,000 civilians and soldiers c) 263,000 civilians and soldiers
b) 280,000-290,000 civilians and 43,000 d) 240,000 civilians and soldiers
soldiers
18) Approximately, how many people died in Nagasaki?
a) 263,000 civilians and soldiers c) 512,400 civilians, soldiers, Japanese
b) 280,000-290,000 civilians and 43,000 soldiers, residents and prisoners
soldiers d) 90,000 and 166,000 civilians and soldiers

19) What were the bomb's effects?

 a) Burns, radiation sickness, and cancer.
b) Many people were killed directly or
indirectly
20) Why did President Truman authorize the use of the atom bomb on Japan?
a) He hated the Japanese people
b) He wanted to do as much damage as
possible
21) How did the Soviets learn about the atom bomb?
a) They had spies in the Manhattan Project
b) They had agents in Japan when the bombs
fell
22) What was the result of the development of the atom bomb?
a) The Cold War
b) The surrender of Japan in WWII
c) Japan surrendered as a result
d) A, b, and c are correct
c) He thought it would save the most lives and
quickly end the war
d) He wanted to see if it would work
c) They intercepted Albert Einstein's letter
d) Both sides of the war knew that the atom
bomb was theoretically possible
c) A potential solution to the energy crisis
d) All of the above

23) What happened in New Mexico desert?

a) The scientists successfully blew up the first c) Physicists discovered the properties of
nuclear bomb. atoms.
b) Scientists were doing concurrent d) The Soviets had managed to plant spie
experiments.

24) During the Cold war any country used an atom bomb, why they decided that?
a) Because they had better weapons
b) Because it wasn’t necessary
c) Because it could cause a mutually assured destruction
d) Because they just did wanted to use it
25) How could we use atomic energy positively?
a) It has the potential to be horribly destructive
b) It could be used to solve the energy crisis
c) To kill people who destroys the environment
d) It could be used to increase our economy

PART II
INTRUCTIONS: read the following text about Adolf Hitler carefully, then answers the questions below

Adolph Hitler was a man who became the leader of the country of Germany in Europe in the 1930's. He was head of a
group of people called Nazis. They thought that only healthy, intelligent white people were acceptable. He wanted to get
rid of or eliminate all others and make a 'pure' race. Hitler wanted to rule the world by conquering at first all the European
countries. The countries of Europe tried to prevent Hitler from capturing their countries. This created a war called World
War II which began in 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. Eventually the United States tried to help the European countries.
Adolph Hitler did not like the Jewish people. He thought they were responsible for many of Germany's problems. In 1933
he began his plans to get rid of all the human rights of the Jews. The Jewish people in Germany, Poland and other countries
he captured were forced to wear yellow arm bands to show they were Jews. Their businesses were ruined. Jews were put
in separate living spaces called ghettoes. Living conditions in the ghettoes were very bad with very little food. The largest
ghetto was in Warsaw, Poland. At one time, there were 445,000 Jews living there. These areas were usually fenced in. The
Jews could not leave.
Hitler made many laws against the Jews. A Jew could not marry a non-Jew. German Jews lost the right to be citizens.
Jewish doctors could not treat non-Jews. Jewish children could not go to school, have a pet or ride a bicycle. In November,
1938, the Nazis destroyed thousands of Jewish businesses in Germany and Poland in many towns and cities all in one or
two nights. This was called the 'Night of Broken Glass'. Thousands of Jews were arrested. Hitler wanted to kill all the Jews.
First, he took them off in trains to places he called concentration camps. The Jews were told they were being taken off to
work camps. Hitler's men ordered many of them to be killed when they arrived at these camps. The camps were in Poland,
Russia, Czechoslovakia and Germany. There were six major camps. In all, Hitler had about 6 million Jews killed, including
men, women and children. He also had killed millions of other types of people he didn't like. This action by Hitler when
millions of Jews were killed was called the Holocaust. Holocaust means 'wholly burned by fire.' Most of the Jews were
killed by being put into large rooms which were then filled with deadly gas. The people died and their bodies were buried
or burned. All their valuable items were taken off their bodies. People who were not Jews tried to help hide Jews they
knew. They built secret places in their homes and brought them food. However, if these people were discovered, they
would be killed also. Before the war, 9 million Jews lived in Europe. After the war, only 3 million remained. Some Jews
were lucky enough to escape during the early years of Hitler. Some people in the camps survived. The United States helped
France and England to defeat Hitler in the war. They went to the extermination camps in 1945 and set free the people left
alive.

26) Which of the following men was the Nazi leader in Germany?
a) Neville Chamberlain c) Winston Churchill
b) Adolph Hitler d) Franklin Roosevelt
27) On what year started the World War II?
a) 1930 c) 1945
b) 1939 d) 1933
28) Why Adolph Hitler did not like the Jewish people?
a) He thought they were responsible for many c) Because Jews in Europe had been victims of
of Germany's problems discrimination
b) He hated Jesus Christ d) A,B and C are correct
29) Which of the following indicates the number of Jews killed by Adolph Hitler in Europe?
a) 5 million c) 6 million
b) two hundred thousand d) one million
30) Which of the following is the meaning of Holocaust?
a) Holy War c) Whole damage
b) Holy Building d) Wholly burned
31) Which of the following is the name of the fenced in area where many Jews were required to live?
a) Ghetto c) Limited area
b) Section d) Jewish quarter

32) Which of the following happened on the 'Night of Broken Glass'?

a) The first concentration camp was set up. c) Protesters stormed Hitler's house and broke
b) Thousands of Jewish businesses were windows.
destroyed. d) All glass objects in the Jewish museum were
destroyed.
33) Which of the following were Jews required to wear so that they could be easily seen?
A: Green hats C: Yellow shirts
B: Orange belts D: Yellow armbands
34) On what year ended the World War II?
a) 1930 c) 1945
b) 1939 d) 1933
35) What gas did Nazis used to kill Jewish?
a) Deadly gas c) Carbon Dioxide
b) Natural gas d) Noble gases