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Fire Hazards
Fire hazards are workplace hazards that
involve the presence of flame or the risk of
an uncontrolled fire.
Fire hazards include:
● Live flames
● Sparks
● Hot objects
● Flammable chemicals
● Chemicals that can aggravate a fire
Another category of fire hazards are
situations and events that prevent fire
protection and prevention methods. This can
include impediments to firefighting, compromised built-in fire safety systems, and situations that
restrict the escape of people from an affected building or area in the event of a fire.
Fire Triangle
Four things must be present at the same time in order to produce
fire:
● Enough oxygen to sustain combustion,
● Enough heat to raise the material to its
ignition temperature,
● Some sort of fuel or combustible
material, and,
● The chemical, exothermic reaction that
is Fire.
If the three elements (Oxygen, Heat, Fuel) is present, then a fire will ignite.
If one element is not present, then the fire will be extinguished or will not ignite.
The 4 Types of Fire
Class A - Fires involve solid materials of an organic nature. (Wood, Paper, etc.)
Class B - Fires involve liquids. (Petrol, Diesel, etc.)
Class C - Fires involve electricity. (Computer, Appliances, etc.)
Class D - Fires involve flammable metals. (Magnesium, Aluminum, etc.)
Causes of Fire
School Fires
● Cooking, Intentional fire, Overheating.
House Fires
● Equipment overheating (Iron, TV, Gas Stove, Microwave, etc.), Candles, Curious Children.
Forest Fires
● Lightning, Smoking, Accidental Fire, Too much heat from the sun.
Most Common Causes of Fire
● Overheating
● Candles
● Equipment
● Faulty wirings
● Flammable Liquids
Phases of Fire Emergency
● Preparedness is only one phase of emergency management current thinking defines four phases
of emergency management:
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. There are entire courses on each of these phases. The
following diagram illustrates the four phases of emergency management.
MITIGATION - actions taken to help reduce or eliminate long-term risks caused by hazards or disasters.
PREPAREDNESS - prevent fatalities and injuries. Reduce damage to buildings, stock, and equipment.
RESPONSE - carried out immediately. Before, during, and after a hazard.
RECOVERY - to return a community to normal or near-normal conditions, including the restoration of
basic services and the repair of physical, social, and economic damages.
Precautionary Measures and Proper Procedures in Stopping a Fire Incident
During
● Stop, Drop & Roll - if ever your clothing catches on fire, you should stop, drop, and roll to
extinguish the flames. While doing so, cover your face to present the likelihood of facial injuries.
After
● Be sure that all individuals who are injured - whether it’s from burns, smoke inhalation, or
injuries incurred while escaping - should be treated by a doctor.
Basic Response Procedures During a Fire Incident
To operate a Fire Extinguisher, always remember P.A.S.S
PULL THE PIN
AIM EXTINGUISHER HOSE AT THE BASE OF FIRE
SQUEEZE THE LEVER
SWEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE
Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan
● First, the school admins will ring the bell once for a long-period.
● Second, the students will line up and go for the nearest exit.
● Third, the students and school staff from, the second floor escape from the main exit while
students and staff from the third floor escape at the fire exit.
● After escaping the building the officers will count if the students are present and report if
someone missing or if they’re complete.
First Aid Procedures for Various Degrees of Burns
- First Degree -
1. Cool Burn
● Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running water or immersed in cool water until the pain
subsides.
● Use compresses if running water isn’t available.
2. Protect the Burn
● Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth.
● Apply a petroleum-based ointment 2-3 times per day.
3. Treat Pain
● Give over-the-counter pain reliever.
- Second Degree -
1. Cool Burn
● Immerse in cool water for 10-15 mins.
● Use compresses if running water isn’t available.
2. Protect the Burn
● Cover loosely with sterile, non-stick bandage and secure in place.
3. Prevent Shock
Unless the person has a head, neck, or leg injury it would cause discomfort;
● Lay the person flat.
● Elevate feet about 12 inches.
● Elevate burned area above the heart level, if possible.
● Cover the person with a coat or blanket.
- Third Degree -
Call an Ambulance, then protect the burned area. To do so:
● Cover loosely with a sterile, non-stick bandage or, for large areas, a sheet or other material that
that won’t leave lint in the wound.
● Separate burned toes and fingers with dry, sterile dressings.
● Do not soak burn in water or apply ointments or butter, which can cause infection.