ECO-FRIENDLY CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta) AND WATERMELON (Citrullus

Lanatus) PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PARTICLE BOARD

Justine Irish R. Diolata

Jerome B. Yucot

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

in Research IV

Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial National High School

San Antonio, City of Biñan, Laguna

March 2019

Mrs. Maribel L. Nayad

Research Adviser
 RESEARCH PLAN

Names: Justine Irish R. Diolata and Jerome B. Yucot

I. Research Title

ECO-FRIENDLY CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta) AND WATERMELON (Citrullus

Lanatus) PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PARTICLE BOARD

II. Plan Structure

A. Problem being addressed/ Objectives

This study aims to make an alternative particle board made of Cassava (Manihot

esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings and compare it to the

commercialized particle board in terms of their formaldehyde emission behavior.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1.utilize Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings as

an alternative particle board.

2.compare the formaldehyde emission behavior of particle board made of Cassava

(Manihot esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings and commercialized

particle board in terms of desiccator and dynamic chamber methods

3.provide a good opportunity to turn market-waste into beneficial product.

B. Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis (Ho)

The effectiveness of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

peelings is not effective in producing an alternative particle board.

Null Hypothesis (Ho)

There is no significant difference between the particle board made of Cassava (Manihot

esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings and the commercialized particle

board in terms of their formaldehyde emission bahavior.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

The effectiveness of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

peelings has a significant effect in producing an alternative particle board.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

There is a significant difference between the particle board made of Cassava (Manihot

esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings and the commercialized particle

board in terms of their formaldehyde emission bahavior.

C. Description in details of methods and procedures

1. Source of Materials

The researchers will conduct an experiment for the utilization of Cassava

(Manihot esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings in able to make

an alternative particle board. Cassava and Watermelon are an examples of market-waste

in our society that can be turned into a beneficial product like particle board. The
researchers will use the Cassava and Watermelon peelings as the main material, gloves

in picking the peelings, electrical food blender for mixing and blending the two different

peelings, and wood mould coated by liquid adhesive for placing and pressing the

peelings into it.

The researchers will buy a one piece of commercialized particle board at Biñan

City Market in the preparation for Treatment 1 (T1) or the controlled group. And the

Cassava and Watermelon peelings that will be collected also at Biñan City Market will be

served as Treatment 2 (T2). All materials are provided by the researchers such as liquid

adhesive as the binder and electrical food blender purchased at St. Francis 12 San

Antonio Biñan City. The researchers will also buy wooden mould at Biñan City Market.

Aside from these, the researchers will provide a basin that will served as the container of

particle board that is inside of the wooden mould for drying it under the sun. And in able

to determine the behavior of formaldehyde of the particle board made of Cassava and

Watermelon peelings, the researchers will test it by the used of desiccator tool and

dynamic chamber methods in order for this study to be more valid and reliable.

2. Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at St. Francis 12 Homes located at Brgy. San

Antonio Biñan City, Laguna, Region IV-A CALABARZON. The researchers chose this

place to complete the research in a time-bound manner and it is because this place is near

where the researchers study named Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial National High School

located at Romana Subdivision San Antonio Biñan City, Laguna. It only takes few

minutes walking to reach the school. This study will be conducted in the period of June

2018 to March 2019.

3. Procedure

The preparation of making particle board product requires the following methods

such as

a) Sorting and Collecting of market-waste peelings

The researchers will collect the peelings of the two main variables such as

Cassava and Watermelon peelings at Biñan City Market to use as an alternative particle

board that will serve as their Treatment 2 (T2). They will need to collect atleast 2 kg of

both Cassava and Watermelon peelings. And also, They'll need to provide sacks for the

peelings, as well gloves for collecting it.

b) Blending the collected peelings of Cassava and Watermelon

Since, the researchers are done in collecting the peelings of Cassava and

Watermelon. They will going to proceed on the next procedure, which is blending the

two collected peelings. First, the researchers will need to provide an electrical food

blender. Second, before blending it the collected peelings, they're going to wash it first in

able for it to be clean. And finally, when all the peelings are alrealy clean, they will going

to put it in the electrical food blender and wait for it to finish.

c) Placing and Mechanically pressing the peelings

After blending the peelings of Cassava and Watermelon. The researchers will

going to prepare the wooden mould and liquid adhesive in order to proceed on the last

method of making an alternative particle board. The peelings will be mechanically

pressed in the wooden mould, it will coated by liquid adhesive. After that, they'll put it

inside of the basin. It will be dried for about an hour or until it fully dries.

4. Experimental Design and Treatment

In experiments, a treatment is something that researchers administer to

experimental units. It is wise to take time and effort to organize the experiment properly

to ensure that the right type of data, and enough of it, is available to answer the questions

of interest as clearly and efficiently as possible, and that is why experimental design

treatment is important.

In this study, the researchers will conduct two treatment with two trials in desiccator,

but one trial only in dynamic chamber methods. Treatment 1 (T1) will be labelled as the

controlled group (Commercialized Particle Board) and Treatment 2 (T2) will be the

particle board made of Cassava and Watermelon peelings.

5. Data Gathering

The researchers will conduct an experiment about the effectiveness of Cassava (Manihot

esculenta) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peelings as an alternative particle board

from June 2018 to March 2019. The researchers will test the behavior of its formaldehyde

in terms of two different test. The Desiccator tool and Dynamic chamber methods. They

will use two trials for desiccator tool and one trial only for the other one. The First

Treatmeant (T1) as the commercialized particle board and the Second Treatment (T2) as

the alternative particle board made of Cassava and Watermelon peelings.

6. Statistical Analysis
 This study aims to compare the formaldehyde emission behavior of two particle

board which one is made of Cassava and Watermelon peelings. The researchers will use

the two-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test of significance to get the mean scores

of the two treatments. Since the study has two independent variables, the two-way

ANOVA can examine the difference between them which lead to accurate results. But,

the researchers will use the two-way ANOVA only in a tool which is the desiccator and

not with the other test which is the Dynamic chamber methods.

D. Duration and Schedule of Activities

Research Jun. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

Activity 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018

Formulating

Research

Problem

Writing

Research

Proposal

Writing

Research Paper

Actual

Experimentation

Writing the

Results and
Discussion

Drawing and

Conclusions

Refining

Research Paper

Oral Defense

E. Cost Analysis

Materials Quantity Cost Expenses

Adhesive Gas 1 piece ₱100 ₱100

Basin 1 piece ₱70 ₱70

Commercialized 1 piece ₱300 ₱300

Particle Board

Desiccator 1 piece ₱1200 ₱1200

Gloves 2 pairs ₱20 ₱40

Liquid Adhesive 2 pieces ₱15 ₱30

Sack 2 pieces ₱5 ₱10

Wooden Mould 1 piece ₱150 ₱150

Total ₱1900
F. Bibliography

CJ. Chen et al., "Study on Chemical Compositions of Manihot Esculenta Crantz (M.

utiliseima Pohl) stalks", advanced Materials Research, Vols. 236-238, Pp.394-398.

Aisien FA, Amenaghawon An, Brenose KC. Particle boards produced from

cassava stalks: Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties sAfrJSa. 2015; III (5/6),

Art. #2014-0042, 4 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1715915. 2015/20140042

Allen A.C. 2002. The origins and taxinomy of Cassava. In. Cassava: Biology,
production and utilization. RJ Hilloder J. M. Threih and A. Bellots (Edi.). Pp. 1-16.

G. Definition of Terms

Dessicator - a glass container or apparatus holding or drying agents for removing

moisture from specimen and protecting them from water vapor in the air.

Dynamic Chamber Method- is applied for quantification of surface fluxes of reactive

gaseous compounds at the biosphere- atmosphere interference

Formaldehyde- a colorless pungent gas in solution made by oxidizing mathenol.

Particle Board- is a relatively inexpensive waste-wood product made by combining and

heat pressing sawdust and resin.

Wooden mould- is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions

between surfaces or for decoration.