Eto Na Talaga Prototype

Pamantasanng Cabuyao
Laguna, Philippines 4025
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Through all of history, rodents have been a nuisance to humankind. Starting
from the infestation in agriculture, contamination of food and in some cases, death,
rodents are the one responsible to an ongoing list of destructions. They are
considered as curse and the primary host for countless fatal diseases. One of the
deadliest epidemics caused by the rodents is “The Black Death”. This certain
catastrophe wiped out Europe’s population resulting deaths of an estimated 75 to
200 million people. This came from fleas, who transferred it to rats and they sneak
onto trade ships and spread all throughout Europe. As years pass by, the problems
caused by rodents escalated not only affecting our homes, our industry but mainly
our lives.
The population of pest especially rodents has vastly increases proportional to
the rising number of pest borne illness. Due to that, existence of pest repellents have
driven their proliferation and somehow become important in our present day. Some
of the pest control products are coils, pesticides, liquid vaporizers and cream that
enable to prevent distractions and countless cases of diseases like malaria and
dengue fever for mosquitoes, leptospirosis and food contamination for rodents and
many more. Chemical based repellent have been found effective however, quite
expensive to maintain and have adverse effects in our health and even in our
environment. Some of these products contribute as a pollutant to air and this
pollution is the factor that put our health at stake. Irritability like skin diseases,
respiratory diseases and even behavioral changes like insomnia are only some of
the things that it trades to human. Due to the recognized harmful effects of chemical
repellent to environment and as well as to human, there is a growing demand for
pest control alternatives that will not put our health at stake and at the same time,
effective. For efficient results without any side effects, electronic pest control devices
are used. However, this device is a bit pricey and a luxury to afford. The most
optimum solution for this problem is to build and electronic device with minimal
components that is affordable for most of us that produce output to repel pest
specifically, rodents. This is where our prototype takes place.
Electronic Rodent Repellent is initially designed for flexible used to repel any
kind of pest, however, this device is specify in repelling rodents. This device is
capable of emitting ultrasonic energy of varied frequency depending on the target
pest that covers a range of spectrum. It causes the deterrence of rodents as it
resembles the high frequency sound used by their predators. It generates

frequencies that affects the auditory senses of rodents by making them
uncomfortable in their abode however do not affect the hearing ability of human.
Statement of the Problem
 How does certain frequency affects the test subject?
 How does ultrasound’s effectiveness in this prototype differs from the other
repelling products?
 How does the use of rodent as a subject improves the study?
 How does the device benefits the client?
Objective of the Study
 To develop a technology that is capable in repelling an specific pest, mainly
rodents
 To improve an alternative device that is not toxic to our environment and will
not risk our health
 To provide a more visible reaction of the subject regarding to the
experimentation
 To render an electronic repellent in a more reasonable cost that will
sufficiently deter rodents
Conceptual Framework
Input
DC Power
Process
555-timer will Process

oscilate the input signal
Output
Ultrasound
Scope and Limitation
Scope
1. Able to help the users (ie. Members of the society especially, farmers) to get
rid of their problems with rodents

2. Designed for repelling rodents to prevent destructions and most especially
diseases (ie. Clothes being torned, Food eaten by rodents)
3. Device that is environmental friendly and do not put one’s health at stake
4. Ultrasound affects the auditory senses of the rodents however, do not affect
the hearing ability of human
Limitation
1. Limited in repelling a specific pest which is rodents
2. Has a potential in deterring rodents however, unable to capture and
eliminate the pest
3. Requires a lot of frequency testing
4. Ultrasound travels like light and not sound so it is not capable to pass
through walls
5. Frequency output is effective in a certain range (10x10m)

Significance of the Study
The study can be an aid to many institutions, entities and future researchers.
Government
The system is designed to repel rodents, which the government will benefit,
specifically DENR, by means of rice agriculture.
Community
Nearby residents would be also enlightened about their surroundings and can
do specific actions to their own accord.
Future researchers
This study can serve as a start to further decrease the population of rodents
the same as the illness cause by them. The researcher’s findings on electronic
rodent repellent can help future researchers on improving pest control and other
aspects of their research.

Definition of Terms
Defined below are the terms used in the study for better understanding:
 555 Timer. An integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse
generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide
time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.
 Buzzer or Beeper. An audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation
of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
 Ultrasonic. It involves sound waves with a frequency above the upper
limit of human hearing.
 Variable resistor. An electronic component that is used to vary the
amount of current that flows through a circuit. It works by sliding a
wiper terminal across a resistive material, typically a thin film or chunk
of carbon or a resistive wire made of nickel chromium or tungsten
alloys.
 Light-Emitting Diode (LED). Two-lead semiconductor light source. It
is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.
 Oscillate. To move repeatedly from side to side or up and down
between two points, or to vary between two states or amounts. To
have, produce or generate oscillations.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies from various
sources, each relevant to the resent study.
Foreign Study
According to "Ultrasound and Arthropod Pest Control" (2001), an extensive
Kansas State University study, Kansas State University, confirmed that ultrasonic
sound devices do have both a repellent effect as well as reduces mating and
reproduction of insects. However, the results were mixed, and ultrasonic sound had
little or no effect on some pests. Ultrasonic devices were highly effective on crickets,
while the same devices had little repellent effect on rodents. Additionally, the results
were mixed: some devices were effective, while others had no effect depending on
the test subject. The study also concluded there was no effect on ants or spiders in
any of the tests.

A 2002 study sponsored by Genesis Laboratories, Inc. (the maker of the
Pest-A-Cator/Riddex series of electronic repellent devices) does lend some
credence to the ability of electronic repellent devices to repel certain pests in
controlled environments.
Local Study
An ultrasonic pest repeller (UPR) was constructed to repel pest like rodent
from home in order to prevent damage and possible infections or diseases caused
by rodents. Rodents can perceive ultrasonic sound of frequencies within the range of
45 to 65 kHz. UPR when tested emit varying ultrasonic frequencies approximately
within the range of 45 to 70 kHz. We found that these varying frequencies causes
auditory stress to rodents and discourages them from habituating within the
environment where this sound is effective. Ultrasonic frequencies are frequencies
above 20 kHz. (Onah, 2013)
In 2003, the Federal Trade Commission, Tests of commercial ultrasonic
devices has indicated that rodents may be repelled from the immediate area of the
ultrasound device for a few minutes to a few days. Other tests have shown that the
degree of repellence depends on the frequency, intensity, and the preexisting
condition of the rodent infestation.
Foreign Literature
In 2009, Victor Pest obtained positive results from independent researchers
which resulted in two ultrasonic devices being granted registration by the Canadian
EPA (PMRA). The results from the tests were: the device “successfully repelled the
rodents from the protected area in 13 of the 17 sites. This represents an 81.3%
success rate the average number of days before rodent activity was stopped was six
days"
Rodents are well recognized for invading households, poultry runs and
buildings where they consume and foul food sources and chew insulation, electrical
wiring, vehicle parts and all manner of infrastructure. Rodents can also cause
damage in crop paddocks immediately after sowing by digging into loose soil to find
larger seeds such as maize, sunflower, wheat, oats, barley, pulses, pumpkin and
marrow. They also eat the newly sprouted seedlings before and after they emerge
from the soil. The impact of rodents is not as great on plants beyond the seedling
stage, at least not until seeds or grains begin to mature. Plants such as wheat are
then damaged by rodents gnawing at the nodes on the stems causing developing
seed heads to fall. In maturing crops of wheat, oats, barley, pulses, sorghum and
maize, losses of up to 30 per cent have been reported. Heavy losses can also occur
in vineyards and vegetable crops from eating and fouling of produce. (Strattford,
2010)
Local Literature
Rodents have been known to spread some nasty diseases to humans such
as Salmonella, Listeria, which can cause food poisoning. One of the most common
disease that came from mice is leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis
in the Philippines, an average of 680 leptospirosis cases every year and 40 deaths
from the disease reported every year. Leptospirosis is seasonal. Peak incidence
during the rainy months of July to October (Mella, 2010)
Moderate to high rodent numbers damage crops, stored grain and fodder,
farm infrastructure and equipment. Rodent can affect horticulturists, viticulturists,
graziers, rural businesses, intensive livestock facilities and wool stores. They can
spoil food with faeces and urine and can transmit diseases and parasites to humans
and livestock (eg salmonella) (Somerton,2011)
Relevance to the Present Study
The mentioned literature and studies helped the researchers in conducting
their studies. The articles explained many factors to consider in studying the
Electronic Rodent Repellent.
Electronic Rodent Repellant, the literature/s aid the researcher to improve the
present study. The given Local and Foreign studies also provide an impact in this
research, it set as a base to provide information about past researches related to the
current research in terms of data gathering and processing, research methodology
and the technologies used.
Simply, all of the Local and Foreign study/ies and Literature/s has a great
contribution in the present study.

Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology pertains to the methods and techniques to be
used in the given research proposal. It gives importance to the applicability and
functionality of the researched method used in the study. The research methods are
deliberately employed in a way that is designed to maximize the accuracy of the
results which are planned scientifically.
This chapter presents the necessary information about the method and
procedures in the study. This includes Project Research Design, Project
Development and Operation/Testing Procedure
Project Research Design
The Electronic Rodent Repellant is a project design proposal to repel a
certain pest, specifically rodent, using 555-timer, buzzer & variable resistor as main
components. This project can acts as a standalone system, which produces some
sound or noise turn into ultrasound, or can be part of a much bigger repelling device.
In this project, we have designed a simple frequency varying based system, which
acts as an ultrasound emitting device that repels the given subject. The output of the
project provides repelling act in a stated limitation of the surrounding and keep that
area pest free.
Project Development
The concept of this research study is how effective this repelling device and
limiting the pest rate condition within specific areas. The process and guidelines
needed by the researchers to construct the design project are the following.
 Gather the required electronic components.
 Construct the circuit diagram and make the connections as follows on a
breadboard before designing the PCB and soldering the components on
the PCB
 Test the electronic rodent repellent device.

Operation/Testing Procedure
The Operation/Testing Procedure refers to the step-by-step procedures on how
the design project can be put to work. This provides the information on how the
electronic rodent repellent device works from turning the basis of the evaluation.
 Turn on the power button of the device.
 Technically, check the value of the variable resistor if it acquires the required
frequency of 60 – 70 kHz.
 When the devise turns on it will emit an ultrasound.
 The subject should react in the given stimulus.

Chapter 4
Project Technical Description
The electronic rodent repellent is a device that is capable of emitting
ultrasonic sound waves at varied frequency to create an acoustically hostile
environment that repels rodents. This frequency of sound will induce auditory stress
to rodents and make them move away. These frequencies can even affect the
auditory senses of other pests such as rodents, avian and insects by making them
uncomfortable in their abode.The theory of ultrasonic repellents is to create a sound
irritating to certain animals, but yet at a frequency out of the range of human hearing.
This project, however, is preset to a frequency that acts as a distress signal to
rodents and drives them away. This type of control is a classic animal behavior
modification technique. The complex sound waves emitted by the electronic
repellent do not allow rodents to habituate to the sound. These ultrasonic devices
have the ability to provide long-term reductions in rodent populations by creating a
"rodent-unfriendly" environment that discourages rodent infestations. Compare to
chemical pesticides, this device provides a safer alternative because it does not emit
anything harmful for human.

The basic idea behind developing the circuit is to use a buzzer to produce
ultrasound. The buzzer is driven by an oscillator circuit. Here, we are using a 555
Timer based astable multivibrator circuit as the oscillator circuit. Since the device is
configured in astable mode, it will continuously emit signal as long as the switch is
turned on.
As stated above we have designed a circuit using 555 timer IC in Astable
mode to produce 40 kHz frequency sound. We have connected Buzzer at the
output (PIN 3) of the 555 timer IC so that a sound of desired frequency can be
generated. We should note here that we need a high frequency Piezo buzzer, so
that a high frequency sound can be generated. Also note that we might not be able
to hear the sound, generated by the circuit as it is beyond our audible range.
The most essential characteristic of the design is the capability of the
device to repel rodents without risking the health of the user.

Circuit Schematic Diagram and Role of Components
Figure 4.1 Schematic diagram
The Schematics of the Electronic Rodent Repellent includes 555 timer,
buzzer and variable resistor as its main components. Figure 4.1 shows the
connection of the 555 timer to other components.

Once the switch is closed, the 555 timer gets the power supply. As per the
inner circuit, initially the capacitor voltage will be zero and hence voltage at threshold
and trigger pin will be zero. As the capacitor charges through resistors Ra and Rb, at
a certain point voltage at threshold pin is less than the capacitor voltage. This
causes a change in timer output. The capacitor now starts discharging through
resistor Rb, i.e. the discharge pin and continues so until the output voltage is back to
the original. Thus the output signal is an oscillating signal with frequency 60 KHz.
The output from this astable multivibrator circuit drives a piezo buzzer, producing
ultrasound at regular repetitions. On varying the value of potentiometer, the output
frequency can also be varied.
The following components of the e-rodent repellent are as follows:
1. 555 Timer
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used
in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications. The 555 can be used to provide time
delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.

2. Buzzer
Buzzer is an audio signaling component that is
typically used in alarm devices. In this prototype,
the buzzer is laser light sensitive which means that
it will be triggered when the laser light is
interrupted.
3. Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that stores potential energy in an
electric field.
Other components:
Light Emitting Diode Resistor Connecting Wire
Project Limitation and Capabilities
The E-Rodent Repellent is capable to provide safety against rodents if the
conditions are met:
1. The device will emit frequency once the switch is turned on. The LED light will
indicate if the circuit is working since humans cannot hear ultrasound
2. A buzzer will emit the high frequency signal through a buzzer. The buzzer
should also be able to emit high frequency signal of at least 70 KHz.
3. Ultrasound emitted by this device is audible to rodents alone and therefore
cannot affect humans and most pets.
4. The device is not detrimental to environment especially to one’s health.

5. Rodents rapidly become accustomed to repeated sounds (a process called
habituation). Mice and rats learn that the ultrasound from the pest repeller
isn't dangerous, so they gradually get used to it and return to their nesting and
feeding areas.
The E-Rodent Repellent is limited given to the following conditions:
1. Sound waves are absorbed into soft surfaces. Units should not be place
behind or near couches, curtains or other soft obstructions.
2. Ultrasound signals travel at an angle of 45 degrees from the source. In case
of any obstacles in the path, the signals get reflected or diverted. With this in
mind, the device should be placed strategically where it will not be blocked by
furniture and the likes.
3. Since the ultrasound is too fragile, sound wave may dispel rapidly with
distance, and it may have reduced effect on rodents more than 10 meters
from the unit. If the room/ godown is too large with lot of furniture, products or
barriers, you will need to use more than one unit for maximum effectiveness.
4. Repellent is effective only in the room it is placed.You will have to install
separate unit in another room where you have rodent problem. Rodents
become accustomed to repeated sounds (a process called habituation). Mice
and rats learn that the ultrasound from the pest repeller isn't dangerous, so
they gradually get used to it and return to their nesting and feeding areas.
5. The device can affect rodent pets like hamsters and guinea pigs. These pets
should be placed far from the electronic rodent repellent.
Project Evaluation
The project may have several loopholes like its coverage area and the
inability of ultrasound to pass through obstacles but it is sufficient for driving away
rodents. The components are cheap and available to most of electronics shop
making it very easy to make in addition to the simplicity of its circuit.

Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, conclusions, and recommendations for
the design project entitled “Laser Security Alarm.”
Summary of Findings
The fundamental emphasis of this project is to provide safer alternative for the
consumer in minimizing rodents around vicinity. This design will not definitely
eliminate rodents especially on long term use, but it can be a good supplement to
existing anti-rodent devices.
An extensive performance evaluation is required to determine the efficacy of
the device of different pests. However, preliminary testing revealed that the device
has the potential to eliminate rodents. If the same responses occurred for other
pests, the device should be used in farms to repel pest. The performance of the
device could be greatly improved with further research and modifications, for
instance using micro-controllers and ultrasonic sensors to transmit the sound in a
special band of frequency.

In overall, the design project was planned and tested successfully. The main
components to an electronic rodent repellent are the 555-timer and the buzzer.
These particular components are ensured to be functioning.
Conclusion
 The device is more effective in area with less obstacles where ultrasound
signals are not blocked that much.
 The system provides a safer means than previous pest repellent products not
only available to the wealthy.
 The device renders service that is closely as effective and as efficient as the
costly high-maintenance repellent products but in a more economical way.
 This project provides assurance to smaller establishments against rodents
 This project discussed the importance of using E-Rodent Repellent
 This project consumes less energy but provides reliable operation.

Recommendation
 Installing a more accurate frequency control that can be varied to emit
specific frequency distress signal to corresponding pest or animals.
LCD can also be connected using microcontroller to display the current
frequency signal and to which animal it could repel.
 Incorporating an amplifier circuit to increase the intensity resulting to a
wider range and overall effectivity.
 Make use of a microcontrollers that can vary frequency of the device
once in a while to prevent rodents to become accustomed to the sound
and to make the device more effective in a long run
 Develop this device by means of programming to detect what pest is
present around the vicinity and then set itself to a frequency that
serves as a distress signal to that specific pest
 To those users who preferred to capture pest, it is best come up in
using ultrasonic pest repellents along with trapping. Simply put, the
sound waves that cause the pests to scurry around, which lead them
right into your traps.
 Regardless of the existence of this device in one's home, it is still
essential to incorporate exclusion techniques and most importantly
sanitation to achieve better results.
 Future research can also be conducted to look for a substitute to
ultrasound that can overcome its previous limitations.
Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_pest_control
https://www.orkin.com/rodents/mouse-control/electronic-mice-repellent/
http://how-to-get-rid-of-mice.com/ultrasonic-pest-repellers-and-mouse-repellents/
https://www.orkin.com/rodents/mouse-control/electronic-mice-repellent/
https://www.todayshomeowner.com/do-ultrasonic-electronic-pest-repellents-work/
http://www.varnapestcontrol.in/repellent.htm
http://www.victorpest.com/resources/faqs/rodent-repellent-faq
http://pestrepellercenter.com/are-ultrasonic-pest-repellers-safe-pregnant-moms/
ELECTRONIC RODENT REPELLENT
ADVINCULA, JOHN ANNA PAULA J.
AQUINO, JOSHUA C.
ENCONTRO, RIZA JOY M.
GUALBERTO, GENOREX H.
MENDOZA, JUNE F.
3ECE-1 / ELECTR12
ENGR. MARIELLE CABAL

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Pamantasanng Cabuyao

Laguna, Philippines 4025

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Through all of history, rodents have been a nuisance to humankind. Starting

catastrophe wiped out Europe’s population resulting deaths of an estimated 75 to

The population of pest especially rodents has vastly increases proportional to

environment. Some of these products contribute as a pollutant to air and this

repellent to environment and as well as to human, there is a growing demand for

specifically, rodents. This is where our prototype takes place.

capable of emitting ultrasonic energy of varied frequency depending on the target

pest that covers a range of spectrum. It causes the deterrence of rodents as it

resembles the high frequency sound used by their predators. It generates

Statement of the Problem

 How does certain frequency affects the test subject?

 How does the use of rodent as a subject improves the study?

 How does the device benefits the client?

Objective of the Study

 To develop a technology that is capable in repelling an specific pest, mainly

not risk our health

 To provide a more visible reaction of the subject regarding to the

sufficiently deter rodents

555-timer will Process

Scope and Limitation

rid of their problems with rodents

diseases (ie. Clothes being torned, Food eaten by rodents)

the hearing ability of human

1. Limited in repelling a specific pest which is rodents

2. Has a potential in deterring rodents however, unable to capture and

eliminate the pest

3. Requires a lot of frequency testing

5. Frequency output is effective in a certain range (10x10m)

Significance of the Study

specifically DENR, by means of rice agriculture.

do specific actions to their own accord.

aspects of their research.

 555 Timer. An integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse

generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide

time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.

 Buzzer or Beeper. An audio signaling device, which may be

mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of

buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation

of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

 Ultrasonic. It involves sound waves with a frequency above the upper

limit of human hearing.

 Variable resistor. An electronic component that is used to vary the

amount of current that flows through a circuit. It works by sliding a

wiper terminal across a resistive material, typically a thin film or chunk

of carbon or a resistive wire made of nickel chromium or tungsten

is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.

 Oscillate. To move repeatedly from side to side or up and down

between two points, or to vary between two states or amounts. To

have, produce or generate oscillations.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

sources, each relevant to the resent study.

According to "Ultrasound and Arthropod Pest Control" (2001), an extensive

any of the tests.

Pest-A-Cator/Riddex series of electronic repellent devices) does lend some

credence to the ability of electronic repellent devices to repel certain pests in

45 to 65 kHz. UPR when tested emit varying ultrasonic frequencies approximately

environment where this sound is effective. Ultrasonic frequencies are frequencies

above 20 kHz. (Onah, 2013)

In 2003, the Federal Trade Commission, Tests of commercial ultrasonic

condition of the rodent infestation.

In 2009, Victor Pest obtained positive results from independent researchers