Abigail M.

Villa
IE 32 AB 2L
2011-36039

Westinghouse Method Of Rating

The method is also called LMS carrying the initials of its founders’ names (Lowry, Maynard and
Stegemerten). This rating method was developed at Westinghouse and published in 1927. This
method has four factors; skill, effort, conditions and consistency. The official definitions of the
four factors are as follows:

 Skill – Measures the workers proficiency in

adhering to a given method, coordination of
proper hand and eye movements, rhythm of
the movements. The skill has been
classified into six degrees, each degree
indicating a specified class of skill within
which an operator performs the task.
 Effort – Measures the speed with which the
skill is applied. The effort is also divided
into six degrees.
 Consistency – Measures factors which
affect the consistency of the operator to
perform the work cycle repeatedly within
the same time. Elements which affect
consistency are variation in materials, hard
spots, and presence of foreign elements.
Consistency is subdivided into six classes.
 Conditions – Measure the extent to which
the conditions like temperature, vibrations,
light and noise affect’s the operator’s
performance.

In short, skill is the proficiency in following the given method; effort is the will to work;
conditions refer to the general work surroundings; and consistency refers to the performance
itself.
Central Limit Theorem

The normal distribution is used to help measure the accuracy of many statistics, including the
sample mean, using an important result called the Central Limit Theorem. This theorem gives
you the ability to measure how much the means of various samples will vary, without having to
take any other sample means to compare it with. By taking this variability into account, you can
use your data to answer questions about a population, such as “What’s the mean household
income for the whole U.S.?”; or “This report said 75% of all gift cards go unused; is that really
true?” (These two particular analyses are made possible by applications of the Central Limit
Theorem called confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, respectively.)

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT for short) basically says that for non-normal data, the
distribution of the sample means has an approximate normal distribution, no matter what the
distribution of the original data looks like, as long as the sample size is large enough (usually at
least 30) and all samples have the same size. And it doesn’t just apply to the sample mean; the
CLT is also true for other sample statistics, such as the sample proportion. Because statisticians
know so much about the normal distribution, these analyses are much easier.

References

(1) Patil, S. B. Industrial Engineering and Mangament. Retrieved January 9, 2014 from
http://www.books.google.com.ph

(2) Rumsey, D. (n.d.) How the Central Limit Theorem Is Used in Statistics. Retrieved January 9, 2014 from
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-the-central-limit-theorem-is-used-in-statistic.html