Frequency of letters/ words in a language

Objective

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Analysis of a language text, using graphical and pie chart techniques.

DESCRIPTION : -

1) I selected a paragraph containing approximately 250 words

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from any source example newspaper etc.

2) I read every word and obtained a frequency table for each

letter of the alphabet ( table 1).

3) I noted down the no. of two letter words, 3 letter words

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and so on and obtained a frequency table (table 2).

4) I selected 10 different words from the text which had frequency

greater than 1. Gave ranks 1, 2, 3 ----------- 10 in decreasing
order of their frequency and obtain table 3.
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The Paragraph

EROSION OF ESSENTIAL VALUES AND THE NEED OF OVERHAULING

EDUCATION SYSTEM

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Education is a sub-system of the wider social system. Although it
functions autonomously, it has linkage with the economic, political,
religious and other
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sub-systems which enter a powerful influence on the goals of the
educational sub-systems.

Due to globalization and modernization, our society is passing through

momentous changes in its value system. Values of yesteryears have
taken a back seat and materialism, corruption and dishonesty and
other negative values have come to the foe. At this junction, all
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formal and in-formal agencies of education like family, school and

community should realize the explosiveness of the situation. It is
rightly said values can not be taught, they are caught.
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All the agencies should become role models if we want our youth
to be on the right path. Absence of a congenial and loving
atmosphere and quarrel among parents are the major hurdles

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in this direction. Race for degrees and jobs has deteriorated
situation. On the other hand, formal education is squeezed
between memory and mechanisation.

The whole system of education needs complete overhauling.

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If at all we the citizens are desirous of thwarting deterioration
in values, teaching at all levels must emphasize a marvel
education and character building. Intellect without wisdom can
be suicidal.
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Table 1

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 Investigated the following

From Table 1

(a) What is the most frequently occurring letter?

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Ans: E

(b) What is the least frequently occurring letter?

Ans: Q

(c) Compare the most frequently occurring letter?

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Ans: A – 118, E – 136, I – 105, 0 – 98 and U – 57
E> A> I>O>U

(d) Which vowel is least commonly used?

Ans: E (e) Which vowel is commonly used?
Ans: U
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(f) Made a pie – chart of the vowels (a, e, I, o, u) and

remaining letters.

(g) Compare the consonants in the given text.

Ans: (g)
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Vowels – 43.4 %
Consonants – 5.6.6%
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Pie chart - 1
ଵଷଷ
Angle of vowel A = x 360 = 38°
ଵଵ଼ସ

ଵସଵ
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Angle of vowel E = x 360 = 42°

ଵଵ଼ସ

ଵ଴ହ
Angle of vowel I = x 360 = 33°
ଵଵ଼ସ

ଽ଼
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Angle of vowel O = x 360 = 30°

ଵଵ଼ସ

ହ଻
Angle of vowel U = x 360 = 17°
ଵଵ଼ସ

ଽଷ଴
Angle of consonants = x 360 = 200°
ଵଵ଼ସ
From table 2

(a) Compared the frequency of two letter words, three letter words
and so on.

(b) Made a pie chart(2) and made a interesting patterns.

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Ans:- (a) 2 letter – 40,
3 letter – 51,
4 letter – 17,
5 letter – 20,
6 letter – 32,
7 letter – 22,
8 letter – 20,
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9 letter – 20,
10 letter – 3,
11 letter – 6,
12 letter – 4,
13 letter words – 6
Pie chart 2
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From table – 3

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(a) The relation between the frequency of a word to its rank.

Ans: (a) Higher the rank of a word, higher is its frequency.

(b) Plot a graph between the frequency and reciprocal of word rank.
What do you observe. Do you see any interesting patterns?
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Graph
CONCLUSION

The project given to us which was based on frequency has done a lot
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good to us. This has also helped us to learn how to find the frequency
of letters from given text and also to plot their graph and pie chart.
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