Computer Systems Servicing Learning Module K To 12

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Competency Based Curriculum

Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING
BASIC COURSE
Grades 7 and Grade 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS
What Is This Module
About? ..................................................................................
.. 2
How Do You Use This
Module ............................................................................... 3
! Use Ha"d
LESSON Tools ................................................................ !
 ........ # 3$
LESSON ! %e&'o&( Me"su&atio" a"d !
2 )al*ulatio" ................................ 3 #+
LESSON !%&e,a&e a"d I"te&,&et T e*h"i*al !
3 D&awi"- ............................ # +3
LESSON ! %&a*ti*e O**u,atio"al Sa'et/ a"d 0
# Health ............ ............ ..... +# $3
A"swe&
1e/s ............................................................................. $ 0
..................... # 
A*2"owled-(e"t ................................................................ 
..................................... 2
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 1
K to 12 – Technology and L!elhood Ed"caton
What Is This Module About?
Welcome to the world of Computer Systems Servicing!
This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer Systems

"
Servicing National Certificate Level II  NC II! # It covers 4 common competencies that a
$rade % & $rade ' Technolo(y and Livelihood )ducation TL)! student li*e you ou(ht to
possess+ namely,
"! -se hand tools.

/! Perform mensuration and calculation.
0! Prepare and interpret technical drawin(. and
1! Practice ccupational health and safety procedures#
These 4 common competencies are covered separately in 1 Lessons# 2s shown

below+ each Lesson is directed to the attainment of two or more learnin( outcomes,
Lesson " 3 Use Hn! Too"s

Learnin( 4utcome L4! " 5 Prepare hand tools
Learnin( 4utcome L4! /5 -se appropriate hand tools and test e6uipment
Learnin( 4utcome L4! 0 5 Maintain hand tools
Lesson / 3Per#orm C"cu"tion n! Mensurtion

Learnin( 4utcome L4! " 5 Select components to be measured
Learnin( 4utcome L4! / 5 Carry out measurements and calculation
Lesson 0 3Prepre n! Interpret Tec$nic" Dr%ing

Learnin( 4utcome L4! " 5 Identify different kinds of technical drawing
Learnin( 4utcome L4! / 5 Interpret technical drawing
Lesson 1 3Prctice Occuption" He"t$ n! S#ety Proce!ures
Learnin( 4utcome L4! " 5 Identify hazards and risks
Learnin( 4utcome L4! / 5 Evaluate hazards and risks
Learnin( 4utcome L4! 0 5 Control hazards and risks
7our success in this exploratory course onComputer Systems Servicing is shown in your
ability to perform the performance standards found in each learnin( outcome#
1 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (NC) is a certification issued to individuals who achieved all the required units of competency for a national
qualification as defined under the Training Regulations. NCs are aligned to specific levels within the PTQF. (TESDA Board Resolution
No. 2004!"# Trainin$ Re$ulations Fra%e&or')
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEEL refers to the four !" qualification levels defined in the Philippine T #$T Qualifications Framewor%
PTQF" where the wor%er with&
a. NC I performs a routine and predicta'le tas%s( has little )udgment( and* wor%s under supervision(
'. NC II performs prescri'ed range of functions involving %nown routines and procedures( ha s limited choice and comple+ity
of functions* and has little accounta'ility(
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING 2
How Do You Use This Module?
This Module has 1 Lessons# )ach Lesson has the followin( parts#
Learnin( 4utcomes
Performance 8tandards
Materials&Resources
9efinition of Terms
What
What 9o
9o 7ou
7ou 2lready
Need to :now;
:now;
<ow Much <ave 7ou Learned;
<ow 9o 7ou 2pply What 7ou Learned;
<ow Well 9id 7ou Perform;
<ow 9o 7ou )xtend 7our Learnin(;
References
To (et the most from this Module+ you need to do the followin(,
"# =e(in by readin( and understandin( the Learnin( 4utcome&s and Performance
8tandards# These tell you what you should *now and be able to do at the end of this
Module#
/# >indoutwhatyoualready*nowbyta*in(thePretestthenchec*youranswer
a(ainstthe2nswer:ey#Ifyou(et??to"@@Aoftheitemscorrectly+youmay
proceed to the next Lesson#This means that you need not (o throu(h the Lesson
because you already *now what it is about# If you failed to (et ?? to "@@A correctly+
(othrou(htheLessona(ainandreview especially thoseitemswhichyoufailedto
(et#
0# 9othere6uiredLearnin(2ctivities#They be(inwithoneormoreInformation
8heets# 2n Information 8heet contains important notes or basic information that you
need to *now#
2fterreadin(theInformation8heet+testyourselfonhowmuchyoulearnedby
means of the 8elf5chec*#Refer to the 2nswer :ey for correction#9o not hesitate to
(o bac* to the Information 8heet when you do not (et alltest itemscorrectly#This
will ensure your mastery of basic information#
1# 9emonstratewhatyoulearnedbydoin( whatthe2ctivity&4peration&Bob8heet
directs you to do#
# 7ou must be abl e to apply what you hav e learned in anoth er activity or in real life
situation#
D# 2ccomplish the 8corin( Rubrics for you to *now how well you performed#
)ach Lesson also provides you with references and definition of *ey terms for your (uide#
They can be of (reat help# -se them fully#
If you have 6uestions+ as* your teacher for assistance#
#
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING #
LESSON 1
Use Hand Tools
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are
e!e"ted to do the fo##o$in%:
LO &' !re!are hand too#s(
LO )' use t(
e*ui!+en a!!ro!riate hand too#s
and LO ' +aintain and too#s'
hand test
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING $
Definition of Te!s
Bin - a container or enclosed space for storage.
Computer chassis - the enclosure that contains most of the components of

a computer.
Diagnostic tools - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of
electricity in computer components and to test the functionality of
computer ports.
Hazards - risks; dangers.
Insulation - - - - - - a material that reduces or prevents the transmission

of heat or sound or electricity.
Nozzle - - - - - - - - -a projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a

hose, for regulating and directing a flow of fluid.
Preventive - intended or used to prevent or hinder.
Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.
Tool - - - - - - - - - a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.
Toolkit - - - - - - - a set of tools designed to be used together or for

a particular purpose.
A"on#!s
ESD - - - - - - - - - Electrostatic discharge.
US& 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -niversal serial bus
'CD 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Li6uid crystal display
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING %
LEARNING OUTCOME &
Prepre $n! too"s
-ERFORMANCE STAN.AR.S
"# Tas*s to be underta*en are properly identified#
/# 2ppropriate hand tools are identified and selected accordin( to the tas*
re6uirements#
0# 2ppropriate hand tools chec*ed for proper operation and safety
1# -nsafe or faulty tools areidentified
# Mar*ed all tools for repair accordin( to standard company procedures
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
/# Tables and Chairs
0# Computers
1# -8= >lash 9rive
# LC9
D# )89 Tools
%# <and Tools
'# Cleanin( Tools
?# 9ia(nostic Tools
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING &
What Do You Alead# $now?
'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out ts( preprtion n! $n! too"s*
T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 "
 Direction Write TR-) if the statement is correct and >2L8) if it is wron(# Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper#
EEEEEEE "# 8electin( the best tool for each tas* re6uires trainin( in the proper use of
the tools+ field experience in their safe use+ and followin( the manufacturerFs
(uidance and instructions for that specific tool#
EEEEEEE /# Whenobtainin(thetool+alltheassociatedtoolin(andconsumableparts+
as recommended by the manufacturer+ must be included#
EEEEEEE 0# The safe use of a tool depends on usin( the tool for the purpose for which it
was desi(ned and also for other purposes where it can be used as
substitute where tool is not available#
EEEEEEE 1# 2ll tools should be *ept in (ood condition with re(ular maintenance#
EEEEEEE # Preparin( for a tas* includes only *nowin( the tas* to be done#
EEEEEEE D# Preparin( for a tas* includes also the se6uence of tas*s to be done#
B Direction* 8elect the letter of the correct answer# Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper#
"# Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from buildin(
up;
a# 2nti5static mat c# Philips head screwdriver
b# <exdriver d#Wirecutter
/#Which tool is used to loosen or ti(hten cross5head screws;
0# Which tool is somemes called a nut driver? It is used to ghten nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver ghtens screws?
1# Which tool is used to strip and cut wires;
# Whichb# tool
<exdriver d#Wire
is used to retrieve parts from cutter that are too small for your hand to
location
fit;
a# PartRetriever c#Cableties
b# Lint5free Cloth d# >lat head screwdriver
D# Whichtoolisusedtocleandifferentcomputercomponentswithoutscratchin(or
leavin( debris;
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
SERVICING '
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Educaon
%# Which toolis used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer;
'# Which tool is used to loosen or ti(hten slotted screws;
?# Which tool is used to loosen or ti(hten screws that have a star5li*e depression on the
top+ a feature that is mainly found on laptop;
b# Torx screwdriver d# Wire cutter
"@# Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts
without touchin( the
a# 2nti5static matcomponents; c# Compressed air
What Do You Need To $now?
Re! In#ormtion S$eet +*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn remem)er
n! $o% muc$ you "erne! )y !oing Se"#,c$ec( +*+*
Information 8heet "#"
Proper too" se"ection
2 tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishin( a tas*# Tools ran(e from a
traditional metal cuttin( part of a machine to an element of a computer pro(ram that
activates and controls a particular function#
Prepring #or t$e ts( to )e un!ert(en inc"u!es proper too" se"ection*
"# <ow do you select the best tool for the Gob; >irst+ *now and understand in detail the
scope of wor* to be accomplished+ second+ plan for the scope ta*in( into account the
se6uence of tas*s#
/# 8electin( the best tool for each tas* re6uires trainin( in the proper use of the tools+
field experience
instructions in specific
for that their safe use+ and followin( the manufacturerFs (uidance and
tool#
0# When obtainin( the tool all the associated toolin( and consumable parts+ as
recommended by the manufacturer+ must be included# In addition+ related
consumable parts must also be selected and used accordin( to their manufacturerFs
instructions#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,

Sa"e #se o" tools
4nce selected+ use the tool for the purpose for which it was desi(ned# Not all tools
come with detailed instructions+ but there are those that do spell out the safety H9oFs and
9onFts for the your safety# If there are set5up&use options+ operator Gud(ment must always
be based on what is the safest way to use the tool#
$nvironmental Sa"ety and Health Program re%uires the "ollo&ing'
• 2ll tools be *ept in (ood condition with re(ular maintenance

• The ri(ht tool be used for the Gob
• )ach tool be examined before use 2N9 dama(ed or defective tools N4T to be used
•
Tools be operated accordin( to manufacturerFs instructions
• The ri(ht protective e6uipment for the tool and activity be used
HARD-ARE TOO'S
To complete hardware repairs+ it is important to have a tool*it that should contain all of the
necessary tools# 2s you (ain experience+ you will learn which tools to have available for
different types of Gobs# <ardware tools are (rouped into these four cate(ories,
)lectro58tatic 9ischar(e ()89! tools

<and tools
Cleanin( tools
9ia(nostic tools
E"ectro,Sttic Disc$rge .ESD/ Too"s
8tatic electricity is easily (enerated by friction on carpets+ tile floorin(+ clothin(+ hair+ fabric+
and etc# The friction of movin( air alone will char(e suspended particles and cause the
buildup of static electrical char(es on people and obGects in the environment# $rounded
antistatic wor* mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the
controlled dischar(e of electrostatic electricity# )xamples of )89 Tools,
2nti5static wrist strap 3used to prevent )89 dama(e to computer

e6uipment#
2nti5static mat 3 used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent
static electricity from buildin( up#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -

Hn! Too"s
2 $n! too" is a device for performin( wor* on a material or a physical system usin( only
hands# The hand tools can be manually used employin( force+ or electrically powered+ usin(
electrical current# )xamples of <and Tools,
>lat head screwdriver 3used to loosen or ti(hten slotted

screws#
Philips head screwdriver 3 used to loosen or ti(hten cross5

head screws#
Torxscrewdriver5usedtoloosenorti(htenscrewsthat
haveastar5li*edepressiononthetop+afeaturethatis
mainly found on laptop#
<exdriver3 sometimes called a nut driver+ is used to

ti(htennutsinthesamewaythatascrewdriverti(htens
screws#
Needle5nose plier 3 used to hold small parts#
COMPUTER
()R*+)RE
SERVICING 1.
Wire cutter 3 used to strip and cut wires#
TweeJers 3 used to manipulate small parts#
Part retriever 3 used to retrieve parts from location that are

to small for your hand to fit#
>lashli(ht 3 used to li(ht up areas that you cannot see

well#
C"ening Too"s
<avin( the appropriate cleanin( tools is essential when maintainin( or repairin( computers#
-sin( these tools ensures that computer components are not dama(ed durin( cleanin(#
)xamples,
Lint5freecloth3usedtocleandifferentcomputer
leavin( debris#
componentswithoutscratchin(or
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 11
Compressed air 3 used to blow away dust and debris from
different computer parts without
touchin( the components#
Cable ties 3 used to bundle cables neatly inside and

outside of a computer#
Parts or(aniJer 3 used to hold screw+ Gumpers+ fasteners

and other small parts and prevents
them from (ettin( mixed to(ether#
Dignostic Too"s
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new (eneration of hardware
and operatin( system update+ but that doesnKt mean theyKre problem5free# <ereKs the most
popular tools for dia(nosin( your computer problems,
Multimeter3 used to test the inte(rity of circuits and the

6uality of electricity in computer components#
Loopbac*2dapter3 used to testthefunctionalityof
computerports#

How Mu"h Ha%e You Leaned?
8elf5Chec* "#"
 Direction Write TR-) if the statement is correct and >2L8) if it is wron(# Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper#
EEEEEEE "# 8electin( the best tool for each tas* re6uires trainin( in the proper use of
the tools+ field experience in their safe use+ and followin( the manufacturerFs
(uidance and instructions for that specific tool#
EEEEEEE /# When obtainin( the tool+ all the associated toolin( and consumable parts+
as recommended by the manufacturer+ must be included#
EEEEEEE 0# The safe use of a tool depends on usin( the tool for the purpose for which it
was desi(ned and also for other purposes where it can be used as
substitute where tool is not available#
EEEEEEE 1# 2ll tools should be *ept in (ood condition with re(ular maintenance#
EEEEEEE # Preparin( for a tas* includes only *nowin( the tas* to be done#
EEEEEEE D# Preparin( for a tas* includes also the se6uence of tas*s to be done#
B Direction0 Identify the tools on the boxes# Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper#
"# '#
/# ?#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1#
0# "@#
1# ""#
C# "/#
D# "0#
%# "1#
Re#er to t$e Ans%er 1ey* -$t is your score2
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1$

How Do You A&&l# What You Ha%e Leaned?
S$o% t$t you "erne! somet$ing )y !oing t$is ctivity*
2ctivity 8heet "#"
Direction0 Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintainin( and cleanin( a personal

computer# 8ome items are already (iven for you# Continue the Table#
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTSTOC'EAN SCHEDU'E Too"stouse
Computer case and outside 9aily sample!

monitor
:eyboard
2ctivity 8heet "#/
Direction0 -sin( the (iven tools+ se(re(ate the followin( accordin( to its classification#
(he teacher will provide the tools for classification!
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1%

How Well Did You 'efo!?
Fin! out )y ccomp"is$ing t$e Scoring Ru)ric $onest"y n! sincere"y*

Remem)er it is your "erning t st(e3
SCORIN RU&RICS0 #or Activity S$eet +*5
Criteri0
Points
Num)er o# Too"s c"ssi#ie!
5556 7 +6
+9 +8 7 :
+4 +6 7 ;
9 87 4
4 +7 5
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1&

LEARNING OUTCOME )
Use pproprite $n! too"s n! test e<uipment
"# Tools are used accordin( to tas*s underta*en#

/# 2ll safety procedures in usin( tools are observed at all times#
0# Malfunctions+ unplanned or unusual events are reported to the
supervisor#
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
0# Computers
1# -8= >lash 9rive
# LC9
D# )89 Tools
%# <and Tools
'# Cleanin( Tools
?# 9ia(nostic Tools
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1'

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out t$e use o# pproprite $n!
too"s n! testing e<uipment* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 /
Direction* >ill in the blan*s# Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper#
"# The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to EEEEEEEE the electrical char(e between
you and the e6uipment#
/# Turn the screwdriver EEEEEEEEE to ti(hten the screw

0# Turn the screwdriver EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE to loosen the screw#
1# -se a EEEEEEEE head screwdriver with crosshead screws#
# 4nelectricalcomponents+anexcessivebuildupofdustwillactli*eanEEEEEEEEE
and trap the heat#
D# When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer+ the air should be blown
around the components with a minimum distance of EEEEEE inches from the noJJle#
%# Pencils should not be used inside the computer to chan(e the settin( of switches or
to pry off Gumpers because the tip contains EEEEE which can act as a conductor and
may dama(e the computer components#
'# TocleanthescreensofCRTmonitors+dampenasoft+clean+lint5freeclothwith
EEEEEEE water and wipe the screen from top to bottom#
?# Clean the contacts on components with EEEEEEEEE alcohol#
"@# -se a EEEEEEEEEE to loosen and ti(hten bolts that have a hexa(onal six5sided!
head#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1,

Re! t$e In#ormtion S$eet =*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
remem)er n! $o% muc$ you "erne! )y !oing Se"#,c$ec( +*+*
Information 8heet 0#"
PROPER USE OF TOO'S
Proper Use o# ESD Too"s
The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to e6ualiJe

the electrical char(e between you and the e6uipment#
The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects
your body to the e6uipment that you are wor*in( on#
When static electricity builds up in your body+ the
connection made by the wrist strap to the e6uipment+ or
(round+ channels the electricity throu(h the wire that
connects the strap#
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear,

"# Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it
usin( the snap or elcro# The metal on the bac*
of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your s*in at all times#
/# 8nap the conn ector at the end of the wire to the wris t strap+ and conn ect the oth er
end either to the e6uipment or to the same (roundin( point that the antistatic mat is
connected to# The metal s*eleton of the case is a (ood place to connect the wire#
When connectin( the wire to e6uipment that you are wor*in( on+ choose an
unpainted metal surface# 2 painted surface does not conduct the electricity as well as
unpainted metal#
2n antistatic mat is sli(htly conductive# It wor*s by drawin( static electricity away from a
component and transferrin( it safely from e6uipment to a (roundin( point,
"# Lay the mat on the wor*space next to or under the computer case#
/# Clip the mat to the case to provide a (rounded surface on which you can place parts
as you remove them from the system#
Reducin( the potential for )89 reduces the li*elihood of dama(e to delicate circuits or
components#
Proper Use o# Hn! Too"s
2 technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the tool*it# This topic covers many
of the various hand tools used when repairin( computers#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1-

Scre%s
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver# Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head
of the screw# Turn the screwdriver cloc*wise to ti(hten the screw and countercloc*wise to
loosen the screw#
8crews can become stripped if you over5ti(hten them with a screwdriver# 2 stripped screw+
may (et stuc* in the screw hole+ or it may not ti(hten firmly# 9iscard stripped screws#
F"t $e! scre%!river

-se a flat head screwdriver when you are wor*in( with a slotted screw# 9o not use a flat
head screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw# Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar# If
you cannot remove a component+ chec* to see if there is a clip or latch that is securin( the
component in place#
C2-TI4N, If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component+ somethin( is
probably wron(# Ta*e a second loo* to ma*e sure that you have not missed a screw or a
loc*in( clip that is holdin( the component in place# Refer to the device manual or dia(ram for
additional information#
P$i""ips $e! scre%!river

-se a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws# 9o not use this type of screwdriver
to puncture anythin(# This will dama(e the head of the screwdriver#
He> !river
-se a hex driver to loosen and ti(hten bolts that have a hexa(onal six5sided! head# <ex
bolts should not be over5ti(htened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped# 9o not
use a hex driver that is too lar(e for the bolt that you are usin(#
C2-TI4N, 8ome tools are ma(netiJed# When wor*in( around electronic devices+ be sure
that the
data tools
stored onyou are usin(
ma(netic haveTest
media# not your
beentool
ma(netiJed# Ma(netic
by touchin( the toolfields
with acan be harmful
screw# to
If the screw
is attracted to the tool+ do not use the tool#
Prt retriever? Nee!"e,nose p"iers? or t%ee@ers

The part retriever+ needle5nose pliers+ and tweeJers can be used to place and retrieve parts
that may be hard to reach with your fin(ers# 9o not scratch or hit any components when
usin( these tools#
C2-TI4N, Pencils should not be used inside the computer to chan(e the settin( of switches
or to pry off Gumpers# The pencil lead can act as a conductor and may dama(e the computer
components#
Proper Use o# C"ening Mteri"s
:eepin( computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance pro(ram# 9irt can
cause problems
components# with thecomponents+
4n electrical physical operation of fans+
an excessive buttons+
buildup of dustand other
will act li*e mechanical
an insulator
and trap the heat# This insulation will impair the ability of heat sin*s and coolin( fans to *eep
components cool+ causin( chips and circuits to overheat and fail#
C2-TI4N, When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer+ the air should be
blown around the components with a minimum distance of four inches from the noJJle# The
power supply and the fan should be cleaned from the bac* of the case#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2.

C2-TI4N, =efore cleanin( any device+ turn it off and unplu( the device from the power
source#
Computer Cses n! Monitors

Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleanin( solution on a damp+
lint5free cloth# Mix one drop of dishwashin( li6uid with four ounces of water to create the
cleanin( solution# If any water drips inside the case+ allow enou(h time for the li6uid to dry
before powerin( on the computer#
'CD Screens
9o not use ammoniated (lass cleaners or any other solution on an LC9 screen+ unless the
cleaner is specifically desi(ned for the purpose# <arsh chemicals will dama(e the coatin( on
the screen#
do not pressThere
firmlyison
nothe
(lass protectin( these screens+ so be (entle when cleanin( them and
screen#
CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors+ dampen a soft+
clean+ lint5free cloth with distilled water and wipe the
screen from top to bottom# Then use a soft+ dry cloth to
wipe the screen and remove any strea*in( after you have
cleaned the monitor#
Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air#

Compressed air does not cause electrostatic buildup on
components# Ma*e sure that you are in a well5ventilated
area before blowin( the dust out of the computer# 2 best
practice is to wear a dust mas* to ma*e sure that you do
not breathe in the dust particles#
=low out the dust usin( short bursts from the can# Never tip the can or use the compressed
air can upside down# 9o not allow the fan blades to spin from the force of the compressed
air# <old the fan in place# >an motors can be ruined from spinnin( when the motor is not
turned on#
Component Contcts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol# 9o not use rubbin( alcoho l#
Rubbin( alcohol contains impurities that can dama(e contacts# Ma*e sure that the contacts
do not collect any lint from the cloth or cotton swab# =low any lint off the contacts with
compressed air before reinstallation#
1ey)or!
Clean a des*top *eyboard with compressed air or a small+ hand5held vacuum cleaner with a
brush attachment#
C2-TI4N, Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case# The plastic parts
of the vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and dischar(e to the components# -se
only a vacuum approved for electronic components#
Mouse
-se (lass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse# 9o not spray (lass
cleaner directly on the mouse# If cleanin( a ball mouse+ you can remove the ball and clean it
with (lass cleaner and a soft cloth# Wipe the rollers clean inside the mouse with the same
cloth# 9o not spray any li6uids inside the mouse#

8elf5Chec* /#"
A* Direction* Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the followin(,
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE"# )6ualiJe the electrical char(e between you and the

e6uipment#
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE/# Ti(hten & loosen screw
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE0# Ti(hten & looses bold with a hexa(onal head
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE1# Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your

fin(ers
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE# Ti(hten & loosen a slotted screw#
&* Direction0 Complete the computer cleanin( chart shown below#
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTSTOC'EAN C'EAN-ITH0
Computer case and outside Mild cleanin( solution and lint free cloth sample!
monitor
:eyboard
Mouse
LC9 screen
CRT screen
<eat sin*
R2M

4peration 8heet "#"
Direction0 -se the appropriate tools to do each of the followin( tas*s#

"# Loosen computer casin( screws
/# =low away dust from *eyboard
0# Ti(hten screws of a laptop
1# =undle cables inside the computer
# Test functionality of the printer port
D# Remove insulation of wires
%# Loosen nuts
'# Prevent from )89 effects
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2#

Scoring Ru)rics
-s t$e too" use! -s t$e too" use!

correct2 proper"y2
Ts(
.p"ese c$ec(/ .p"ese c$ec(/
es No es No
"# Loosen computer casin( screws
/# =low away dust from *eyboard
0# Ti(hten screws of a laptop
1# =undle cables inside the computer
# Test functionality of the printer port
D# Remove insulation of wires
%# Loosen nuts
'# Prevent from )89 effects
Total 8core
>or Total 8core 5 Number of 7)8 for correct tool used 5

Number of 7es for tool used properly
<i(hest Possible 8core "D
Interprettion o# score
"D )xcellent
"1 3 " ery $ood
"/3"0 $ood
?3"" >air
' and below Poor
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2$

LEARNING OUTCOME 
Mintin $n! too"s
"# Tools used are accordin( to tas*s underta*en#

/# Routine maintenance of tools is underta*en accordin( to standard
operational procedures+ principles and techni6ues#
0# Tools are stored safely in appropriate locations in accordance with
manufacturerFs specifications or standard operatin( procedures#
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
0# Computers
1# -8= >lash 9rive
# LC9
D# )89 Tools
%# <and Tools
'# Cleanin( Tools
?# 9ia(nostic Tools
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2%

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out t$e mintennce o# $n!
too"s* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 0
Direction* Write TR-) if the statement is correct and >2L8) if it is wron(# Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper#
"# 2ll tools and e6uipment must be properly maintained so that wor*ers are not
endan(ered#
/# Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools+
e6uipment and machines in order to *eep them in a safe+ usable condition+
limit downtime and extend productivity#
0# The de(ree of detail to include re(ardin( tools and e6uipment maintenance
will depend on the *inds of tools&e6uipment used#
1# 9ama(ed or defective e6uipment&tools should be ta((ed and removed from
service#
# Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their e6uipment#
D# Properly stored tools and e6uipment will be easy to find when needed and are
less li*ely to be lost#
%# -se bins for storin( small parts is a (ood practice on proper stora(e#
'# Productivity is increased because time is not lost loo*in( for tools+ parts and
e6uipment is one of the benefits of proper stora(e#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2&

Re! t$e In#ormtion S$eet +*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
TOO' AND EBUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
2ll tools and e6uipment must be properly maintained so that wor*ers are not endan(ered#
Re(ulations re6uire inspections of tools+ machines and e6uipment before use#
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools+ e6uipment and
machines in order to *eep them in a safe+ usable condition+ limit downtime and extend
productivity# We must always be aware that maintenance tas*s themselves are potentially
haJardous and can result in inGury# The successful maintenance pro(ram is,
well or(aniJed and scheduled+
controls haJards+
defines operational procedures+ and
trains *ey personnel#
The de(ree of detail to include re(ardin( tools and

e6uipment maintenance will depend on the *inds of
tools&e6uipment used# 8ome construction e6uipment
may have very specific inspection and maintenance
re6uirements# )lectronic e6uipment may have
different maintenance re6uirements# <and tools may
re6uire only basic maintenance# Power tools should
be maintained in (ood wor*in( order# This may be
limited to ensurin( that blades&bits are replaced
when needed and those (uards or other safety
devices are operable and any dama(ed electrical
cords&plu(s are repaired or replaced# 9ama(ed or
defective e6uipment&tools should be ta((ed and
removed from service#
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their e6uipment# Lar(e
companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance pro(ram due to the capital
investment and&or leasin( a(reements# 8maller companies may lease e6uipment and
maintenance services may be included in the leasin( a(reement#

$eneral re6uirements for tools and e6uipment maintenance include,
4btainin( a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
)nsurin( that maintenance is performed as re6uired
)nsurin( that the persons! performin( the maintenance are competent e#(# licensed
mechanic!
Retainin( records of maintenance&service conducted
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2'

8pecifyin( who is responsible for overseein( e6uipment maintenance and where the
records are *ept
8et up a system for removal and ta((in( of dama(ed or defective tools and
e6uipment
PROPER STORAE OF TOO'S? PARTS? AND EBUIPMENT
To ensure that tools and e6uipment remain in (ood condition and last for a lon( time+ store
them properly# Properly stored tools and e6uipment will be easy to find when needed and
are less li*ely to be lost#
$ood practices include,

Parts should be properly stored and labeled >i(ure "!#
Tools should be properly placed on the board+ and labeled >i(ure /!# Consider
drawin( the shapes of the tools on the board so that they always (et put bac* in the
same position#
-se bins for storin( small parts >i(ure 0!#
Consider ma*in( an individual or individuals! responsible for the (ood maintenance
of tools and parts#
>i(ure
"# >i(ure
/# >i(ure
0#
=enefits,
Tools and parts are *ept in (ood condition and are easy to find
Costs are reduced#
Productivity is increased because time is not wasted loo*in( for tools+ parts and
e6uipment#
Wor*shop staff develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their wor*#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2,

8elf5Chec* "#"
Directions0 )numerate the followin(#
$ood practices in the proper stora(e of tools, at least /!
"#
/#
=enefits of proper stora(e of tools, at least /!
"#
/#

4peration 8heet "#"
Direction0 Conduct a maintenance activity on the (iven hand tools#
TOO'S MAINTENANCEACTIIT
"# >lat <ead 8crewdriver Clean and Ma(netiJe
/# Philips <ead 8crewdriver Clean and Ma(netiJe
0# Torx8crewdriver CleanandMa(netiJe
1# <ex9river CleanandMa(netiJe
# Needle5Nose Plier Clean and Lubricate
D# WireCutter Clean+Lubricateand
8harpen+ if necessary
%# TweeJer Clean
'# PartRetriever Clean
?# >lashli(ht CleanandChan(ebatteriesifdrained
"@# Multimeter CleanandCalibrate
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 2-
Score Cr!
Activity E>ce""ent ery Stis#ctory Score
stis#ctory
Cleanin( hand tools 8 = +
Ma(netiJin( hand tools
Calibratin( hand tools
Chan(in( batteries
Lubricatin( hand tools
8harpenin( hand tools
8torin( hand tools
Congrtu"tions3 ou !i!  gret o)3 Rest

n! re">  %$i"e t$en move on to t$e ne>t
"esson* oo! "uc(3
REFERENCES
L4"
http,&&www#bechtel#com&assets&files&)nvironmental&Toolbox8afetyTopics&/@
"@&ProperTool8election#pdf
http,&&www#iml#uts#edu#au&assessment5futures&desi(nin(&assemblin(#html
L4 /
Ron $ilster+ PC Repir &enc$ &oo(*+ Wiley Publishin( Inc#+ "@1%
Crosspoint =oulevard+ Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D
=arry Press+ Marcia Press+PC Upgr!e n! Repir &i)"e? Des(top
E!ition#+ Wiley Publishin( Inc#+ "@1% Crosspoint =oulevard+
Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D
L4 /
Ron $ilster+ PC Repir &enc$ &oo(*+ Wiley Publishin( Inc#+ "@1%
Crosspoint =oulevard+ Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D
=arry Press+ Marcia Press+PC Upgr!e n! Repir &i)"e? Des(top
E!ition#+ Wiley Publishin( Inc#+ "@1% Crosspoint =oulevard+
L40 Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D

http,&&www#(oo(le#com
=arry Press+ Marcia Press+PC Upgr!e n! Repir &i)"e?
Des(top E!ition#+ Wiley Publishin( Inc#+ "@1% Crosspoint
=oulevard+ Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #.

LESSON (
Perform Mensuration and Calculation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LO &' se#e"t "o+!onents to /e +easured( and

LO )' "arry out +ensuration and "a#"u#ation'
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #1

&it 5 a fundamental unit of information havin( Gust two possible values+ as either of the
binary di(its @ or "#
&yte 5 a unit of di(ital information in computin( and telecommunications that most

commonly consists of ei(ht bits#
&ooting 3 startin( a computer! by loadin( an operatin( system from a dis*#

E"ectronic storge 5 a device for recordin( storin(! information data!#
Fire%ire 5 2pple ComputerKs version of a standard+ I))) "0?1+ <i(h Performance 8erial
=us+ for connectin( devices to your personal computer#
Hot,s%pp)"e 5 the connection and disconnection of peripherals or other components

without interruptin( system operation#
Inter#ce 5 the point of interaction or communication between a computer and any other
entity+ such as a printer or human operator#
'ser 5 a device that emits li(ht electroma(netic radiation! throu(h a process of optical
amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons#
Mgnetic p"tter 5 a thin+ hi(h precision dis* that is coated on both sides with a hi(h
precision ma(netic material and which is used in a hard dis* drive
<99! to store data#
Memory mo!u"e 5 a narrow printed circuit board that holds memory chips#
Mgnetic storge me!i 5 any stora(e medium in which different patterns of ma(netiJation
are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information
Operting system 5 a set of pro(rams that mana(e computer hardware resources

and provide common services for application software#
Optic" storge me!i 5 any stora(e in which data is written and read with a laser for
archival or bac*up purposes#
A"on#!s
HDD 3 hard dis* drive
IDE , Inte(rated 9rive )lectronics
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #2

LEARNING OUTCOME &
Se#e"t "o+!onents to /e +easured
"# 4bGect or component to be measured is identified#

/# Correct specifications are obtained from relevant source#
0# 2ccurate measurements are obtained for Gob#
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
0# Computers
1# LC9
# 9ifferent types of Memory
D# 9ifferent types of 8tora(e 9evices
%# Paper
'# Pencil&=allpen
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ##

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out components in Computer
Hr!%re Servicing to )e mesure!* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 "
Direction* Match items on Column 2 with Column =# Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper#
EEE "#Chips that are located on the motherboard# 2# Registers
EEE /#2 ma(netic stora(e device that is installed =# F"s$ !rive or T$um) !rive
inside the computer#
EEE 0# )arlydrivecontrollerinterfacethat connects C# Re!,on"y memory

computersandharddis*driveswhichan
interface that uses a 1@5pin connector#
EEE 1#Temporary stora(e for data and pro(rams 9# IDE

that are bein( accessed by the CP-#
EEE #2 stora(e device that uses lasers to read data )# F"oppy !rive
on the optical media#
EEE D#2 stora(e device that uses removable 0#5 ># Rn!om ccess memory
inch dis*s#
EEE %#8oldered the memory chips on a special $# Optic" !rive

circuit board#
EEE '#2 removable stora(e device that connects to <# DDR

a -8= port#
EEE ?#Memory cells built ri(ht into the CP- that I# Hr! !rive
contain specific data needed particularly the
2rithmetic and Lo(ic -nit#
EEE "@# Technolo(y that doubles the maximum B# Memory mo!u"e

bandwidth of 89R2M#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #$

Re! t$e In#ormtion S$eet +*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
MEMOR
2lthou(h memory is technically any form of electronic stora(e+

it is used most often to identify fast+ temporary forms of
stora(e# If your computerKs CP- had to constantly access the
hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs+ it would
operate very slowly# When the information is *ept in memory+
the CP- can access it much more 6uic*ly# Most forms of
memory are intended to store data temporarily#
The CP- accesses memory accordin( to a distinct

hierarchy# Whether it comes from permanent stora(e the
hard drive! or input the *eyboard!+ most data (oes in random access memory R2M! first#
The CP- then stores pieces of data it will need to access+ often in a cache+ and maintains
certain special instructions in the re(ister#

Re!,on"y memory R4M! chips are located in the motherboard# R4M chips contain
instructions that can be directly accessed by the CP-# =asic instructions for bootin( the
computer and loadin( the operatin( system are stored in R4M# R4M chips retain their
contents even when the computer is powered down# The contents cannot be erased or
chan(ed by normal means#
Rn!om ccess memory R2M! is the temporary stora(e for data and pro(rams that are
bein( accessed by the CP-# R2M is volatile memory+ which means that the contents are
erased when the computer is powered off# The more R2M in a computer+ the more capacity
the computer has to hold and process lar(e pro(rams and files+ as well as enhance system
performance#
)arly computers had R2M installed in the motherboard as individual chips# The individual
memory chips+ called dual inline pac*a(e 9IP! chips+ was difficult to install and often
became loose on the motherboard# To solve this problem+ desi(ners soldered the memory
chips on a special circuit board called amemory mo!u"e#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #%

<ere are some types of memory modules,
9ual Inline Pac*a(e 9IP! 8in(le Inline Memory Module 8IMM!
849IMM!#
8mall 4utline 9ual Inline Memory Module
9ual Inline Memory Module 9IMM! R2M=us Inline Memory Module RIMM!
8IMMs have 0@5pin and %/5pin confi(urations# 9IMM is a circuit board that holds 89R2M+
99R 89R2M and 99R/ 89R2M#
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process
because faster memory improves the performance of the processor# 2s processor speed
increases+ memory speed must also increase# >or example+ sin(le5channel memory is
capable of transferrin( data at D1 bits# 9ual5channel memory increases speed by usin( a
second channel of memory+ creatin( a data transfer rate of "/' bits#
9ouble 9ata Rate 99R! technolo(y doubles the maximum bandwidth of 89R2M# 99R/
offers faster performance while usin( less ener(y# 99R0 operates at even hi(her speeds
than 99R/. however+ none of these 99R technolo(ies are bac*ward5 or forward5compatible#
)ven with a wide and fast bus+ it still ta*es lon(er for data to (et from the memory card to the
CP- than it ta*es for the CP- to actually process the data# Cc$es are desi(ned to alleviate
this bottlenec* by ma*in( the data used most often by the CP- instantly available#
Registers are memory cells built ri(ht into the CP- that contain specific data needed by the
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #&

CP-+ particularly the 2rithmetic and Lo(ic -nit 2L-!# 2n inte(ral part of the CP- itself+ they
are controlled directly by the compiler that sends information for the CP- to process#
STORAE DRIES
8tora(e drives read or write information on ma(netic or optical stora(e media# The drive can
be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media dis*# 8tora(e
drives can be installed inside the computer case+ such as a hard drive# >or portability+ some
stora(e drives can connect to the computer usin( a -8= port+ a >ireWire port+ or an 8C8I
port# These portable stora(e drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives and can
be used on multiple computers# <ere are some common types of stora(e drives, >loppy
drive+ <ard drive+ 4ptical drive and >lash drive#

F"oppy Drive
2 floppy drive+ or floppy dis* drive+ is a stora(e

device that uses removable 0#5inch floppy dis*s#
These ma(netic floppy dis*s can store %/@ := or
"#11 M= of data# In a computer+ the floppy drive is
usually confi(ured as the 2, drive# The floppy drive
can be used to boot the computer if it contains a bootable floppy dis*# 2 #/5inch floppy
drive is older technolo(y and is seldom used#
Hr! Drive
2 hard drive+ or hard dis* drive+ is a ma(netic stora(e device that

is installed inside the computer# The hard drive is used as
permanent
drive stora(e
is usually for data# as
confi(ured In athe
Windows
C, drivecomputer+ the hard
and contains the
operatin( system and applications# The hard drive is often
confi(ured as the first drive in the boot se6uence# The stora(e
capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes+ or
(i(abytes $=!# The speed of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute RPM!#
Multiple hard drives can be added to increase stora(e capacity#
Traditional hard drives are ma(netic# Ma(netic hard drives have drive motors desi(ned to
spin ma(netic platters and the drive heads# In contrast+ the newer solid state drives 889s!
do not have movin( parts# =ecause there are no drive motors and movin( parts+ the 889
uses far less ener(y than the ma(netic hard drive# Non5volatile flash memory chips mana(e
all stora(e on an 889+ which results in faster access to data+ hi(her reliability+ and reduced
power usa(e# 889s have the same form factor as ma(netic hard drives and use 2T2 or
82T2 interfaces# 889s can be installed as a replacement for ma(netic drives#
Optic" Drive
2nopticaldriveisastora(edevicethatuseslaserstoread
dataontheopticalmedia#Therearethreetypesofoptical
drives,Compact9iscC9!+9i(italersatile9isc99!and
=lu5ray 9isc =9!#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #'

C9+ 99+ and =9 media can be pre5recorded read5only!+ recordable write once!+ or re5
writable read and write multiple times!#
E>tern" F"s$ Drive
2n external flash drive+ also *nown as a thumb drive+ is a removable

stora(e device that connects to a -8= port# 2n external flash drive uses
the same type of non5volatile memory chips as solid state drives and does
not re6uire power to maintain the data# These drives can be accessed by
the operatin( system in the same way that other types of drives are
accessed#
Types o# Drive Inter#ces
<ard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to
connect the drive to the computer# To install a stora(e drive in a computer+ the connection
interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the motherboard# <ere are
some common drive interfaces,
I9) 3 Inte(rated 9rive )lectronics+ also called 2dvanced Technolo(y 2ttachment

2T2! is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard dis*
drives# 2n I9) interface uses a 1@5pin connector#
82T2 3 8erial 2T2 refers to the serial version of the 2T2 drive controller interface# 2
82T2 interface uses a %5pin data connector#
8C8I 3 8mall Computer 8ystem Interface is a drive controller interface that can
connect up to " drives# 8C8I can connect both internal and external drives# 2n 8C8I
interface uses a @5pin+ D'5pin+ or '@5pin connector#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #,

8elf5Chec* "#"
Direction* Match items on Column 2 with Column =# Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper#
EEEEE"#2 ma(netic stora(e device that is installed inside the 2# Re(isters

computer#
EEEEE/#)arly drive controller interface that connects computers =# >lash drive or

and hard dis* drives which an interface that uses a 1@5 Thumb drive
pin connector#
EEEEE0#Temporary stora(e for data and pro(rams that are bein( C# Read5only
accessedbytheCP-# memory
EEEEE1#2 stora(e device that uses lasers to read data on the 9# I9)
optical media#
EEEEE#2 stora(e device that uses removable 0#5inch dis*s# )# >loppy drive
EEEEED# 8oldered the memory chips on a special circuit board# ># Random access
memory
EEEEE%# 2 removable stora(e device that connects to a -8= port# $# 4ptical drive
EEEEE'# Chips that are located on the motherboard# <# 99R
EEEEE?# Memory cells built ri(ht into the CP- that contain I# <ard drive
specific data needed particularly the 2rithmetic and
Lo(ic -nit#
EEEEE"@#Technolo(y that doubles the maximum bandwidth of B# Memory module

89R2M#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING #-

4peration 8heet "#"
Direction0 Identify what type of memory module is presented#
The teacher will show several types of memory module#!
Count you num)er o# correct ns%er out o# t$e num)er o# memory mo!u"es t$t
your tec$er %i"" present*
How Do You E)tend You Leanin*?
Direction0 The teacher will show several types of stora(e drives and will as* students to
identify the type of stora(e device and its interface is presented#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $.

LEARNING OUTCOME )
Crry out mensurtion n! c"cu"tion
"# Calculation needed to complete wor* tas*s is performed usin( the four
fundamentals operations addition+ subtractions+ multiplication and division!#
/# Numerical computation is self5chec*ed and corrected for accuracy#
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
0# Computers
1# LC9
# 9ifferent types of Memory
D# 9ifferent types of 8tora(e 9evices
%# Paper
'# Pencil&=allpen
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $1

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out crrying out mensurtion
n! c"cu"tion* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 /
Direction* Perform the followin(,
"! Convert "1 to binary#
/! If a "@ := file is stored i n a " M= folder+ then approximately how many files can be
stored in that folder;
Re! t$e In#ormtion S$eet 5*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
remem)er n! $o% muc$ you "erne! )y !oing Se"#,c$ec( 5*+*
Information 8heet /#"
DIITA' REPRESENTATION
Within a computer+ information is represented and stored

in a di(ital binary format# The term bit is an abbreviation of
binary di(it and represents the smallest piece of data#
<umans interpret words and pictures. computers interpret
only patterns of bits#
2 bit can have only two possible values+ a one di(it "! or
a Jero di(it @!# 2 bit can be used to represent the state of
somethin( that has two states# >or example+ a li(ht switch
can be either 4n or 4ff. in binary representation+ these
states would correspond to " and @+ respectively#
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters+ numbers and special
characters with bits# 2 commonly used code is the 2merican 8tandard Code for Information
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $2
Interchan(e 28CII!# With 28CII+ each character is represented by a strin( of bits# >or
example,
Capital letter, 2  @"@@@@@"
Number, ?  @@@@"@@"
8pecial character,   @@"@@@""
)ach (roup of ei(ht bits+ such as the representations of letters and numbers+ is *nown as a
byte# Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information di(itally, computer
data+ (raphics+ photos+ voice+ video + and music#
CONERT DECIMA' NUM&ERS TO &INAR
To convert a decimal number to binary+ all you have to do is divide the number by /# $et the
6uotient and the remainder# =rin( down the 6uotient+ divide it by /+ and (et the 6uotient and
remainder a(ain# 9o it repeatedly until the 6uotient results to @# Copy the remainder from
bottom to top+ and that is the binary e6uivalent#
)xample, /
Ouotient Remainder
/&/ "/ "
"/&/ D @
D&/ 0 @
0&/ " "
"&/ @ "
/  ""@@"
Chec*in(, " " @ @ " multiplier
"D ' 1 / " e6uivalents
"D ' @ @ " results
"D'"  /
CA'CU'ATIN DATA STORAE
While a bit is the smallest representation of data+ the most basic unit of di(ital stora(e is the
byte# 2 byte is ' bits and is the smallest unit of measure -4M! used to represent data
stora(e capacity#
When referrin( to stora(e space+ we use the terms bytes =!+ *ilobytes :=!+ me(abytes
M=!+ (i(abytes $=!+ and terabytes T=!#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $#

4ne *ilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes+ specifically "+@/1# 2 me(abyte
represents more than a million bytes or "+@1'+%D# 2 (i(abyte is "+@%0+%1"+'/1 bytes# 2
terabyte is "+@??+""+D/%+%%D# The exact number is (ained by ta*in( /Qn power#
In (eneral+ when somethin( is represented di(itally+ the (reater the detail+ the (reater the
number of bits needed to represent it# 2 low5resolution picture from a di(ital camera will use
around 0D@:=+ and a hi(h5resolution picture could use / M= or more#
:ilobytes+ me(abytes+ (i(abytes+ and terabytes are typically used to measure the siJe or
stora(e capacity of a device# )xamples of components and devices that use byte stora(e
include, random access memory R2M!+ hard dis* drive space+ C9s+ 99s+ and MP0
players#
C9s have a data stora(e capacity of approximately %@@ M=# 99s have a data stora(e
capacity of approximately 1#0 $= on a sin(le5layer disc+ and approximately '# $= on a
dual5layer disc# =9s have a stora(e capacity of / $= on a sin(le5layer disc+ and @ $= on
a dual5layer disc#
4nce we *now the siJe of a file or folder+ it is possible to determine the number of bytes
bein( used# >or example,
2 file is /@ := in siJe
" :=  "+@/1 =ytes
/@  "+@/1  /@+1'@ bytes in a /@ := file
If a /@ := file is stored in a " M= folder " M=  "+@1'+%D bytes of space!. then

approximately a total of " files can be stored in that folder "+@1'+%D & /@+1'@  "#/!#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $$

8elf5Chec* /#"
Direction0 Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary# Perform chec*in( to verify
answers#
"! "?
/! /'
0! 0%

4peration 8heet /#"
Direction0 8olve the problems indicated below# 8how your solution#
"# <ow many D@ := Gp( files can be stored on a / M= folder in your hard drive;
/# <ow many  M= mp0 files can be stored on a " $= flash drive;
0# <ow many %@ M= avi files can be stored on a 1#0 $= 995R;
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $%


Interprettion o# Scores
= 7 E>ce""ent
5 7 oo!
+ 7 Fir
6 7 Poor
Congrtu"tions3 ou !i!  gret o)3

Rest n! re">  %$i"e t$en move on to
t$e ne>t "esson* oo! "uc(3
REFERENCES
L4"
Ron $ilster+ PC Repir &enc$ &oo(* + Wiley Publishin( Inc#+
"@1% Crosspoint =oulevard+ Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D
=arry Press+ Marcia Press+ PC Upgr!e n! Repir &i)"e?
en#wi*ipedia#or(
L4 /
Ron $ilster+ PC Repir &enc$ &oo(* + Wiley Publishin( Inc#+
"@1% Crosspoint =oulevard+ Indianapolis+ IN 1D/D
=arry Press+ Marcia Press+ PC Upgr!e n! Repir &i)"e?
en#wi*ipedia#or(
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $&

LESSON +
Prepare and Interpret Technical Draing
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LO &' identify di0erent 1inds of te"hni"a#

dra$in%( and
LO )' inter!ret te"hni"a# dra$in%'
COMPUTER
()R*+)RE
SERVICING $'
Dr%ing act or the art of representin( any obGect by means of lines and shades
Picture visual representation or ima(e painted+ drawn+ photo(raphed+

or otherwise rendered on a flat surface
process a series of actions+ chan(es+ or functions brin(in( about a result
Tec$nic" pertainin( to the useful or mechanical arts+ or to science or business
Tec$nicin a person s*illed in mechanical or industrial techni6ues or in a

particular technical field
F"o%c$rt a dia(ram that uses (raphic symbols to depict the nature and flow of the
steps in a process
Too" (it a small ba( or box e6uipped with hand tools
Tree structure an al(orithm for placin( and locatin( files in an or(aniJed database
i!eo !isp"y
termin" a computer terminal havin( a video display that uses a cathode5ray tube#
A"on#!
DT 7 ideo 9isplay Terminal
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $,

LEARNING OUTCOME &
I!enti#y !i##erent (in!s o# tec$nic" !r%ing
"# Correct technical drawin( is selected accordin( to Gob re6uirements#

/# Technical drawin(s are se(re(ated in accordance with the types and *inds
of drawin(s#
0# Components+ assemblies or obGects are reco(niJed as re6uired#
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
0# Computers
1# -8= >lash 9rive
# LC9
D# 9rawin( Tools
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING $-

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out one (in! o# tec$nic"
!r%ing* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 "
2# Directions0 Match Column 2 with Column =# Write only the letter of the correct
answer on a searate sheet o! aer"
Co"umn &
Co"umn A
"# It is represented by a rectan(le# It refers to an a# 9ecision

action in a business process#
/# It is represented by a diamond# 2 process that can b# Process

answer a decision of SyesS or SnoS re6uires a
decision box#
0# It is represented by a small circle or a connector c# 2rrow line

box and is labeled usin( letters#
1# 9rawn in one direction+ preferably from top to d# Connector

bottom to *eep a flowchart clear#
C# 2 process is represented by a rectan(le with double e# 8ub5process

lines on each side#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %.

Re! In#ormtion S$eet +*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
F"o%c$rt
2 flowchart is a dia(ram that uses (raphic symbols to depict the nature and flow of the
steps in a process# 2nother name for this tool is Sflow dia(ram#S
-$t Are t$e E"ements o#  F"o%c$rt2
2 flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualiJe the series of processes in a

business system# 2 flowchart is a useful tool to desi(n an efficient business system and to
troubleshoot or improve an existin( system# 2 flowchart consists of elements+ such as the
terminator+ process+ sub process+ decision+ arrow lines+ and connectors#
+* Termintor
2 terminator is represented by a small rectan(le with curved corners# 2 terminator

appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart# The end terminator appears only once
on a sin(le flowchart#
5* Process
2 process is represented by a rectan(le# It refers to an action in a business process# It

must be described clearly and concisely# 2 process can be described usin( a sin(le verb5
noun phrase. for example+ S4rder 4ffice 8upplies#S The same level of detail must be *ept
in processes on a sin(le flowchart#
=* Su),process
2 sub5process is represented by a rectan(le with double lines on each side# 2 sub5

process is a maGor process that could be bro*en up into simpler processes developed into
another flowchart#
4* Decision
2 decision is represented by a diamond# 2 process that can answer a decision of

SyesS or SnoS re6uires a decision box#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %1

8* Connector
2 connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is labeled usin(

letters# 2 flowchart written on a sin(le pa(e is clearer than a flowchart on several pa(es# 2
connector ensures that the processes are connected lo(ically and correctly on several
pa(es#
;* Arro% ' ines
2rrow lines drawn in one direction+ preferably from top to bottom+ *eep a flowchart clear#
2void arrow lines that loop because this could indicate redundancy in the business
process#
(hen should teams use "lo&charts)
2t the be(innin( of your process improvement efforts+ an as-is flowchart helps your team
and others involved in the process to understand how it currently wor*s# The team may find it
helpful to compare this as5is flowchart with a dia(ram of the way the process is supposed to
wor*# Later+ the team will develop a flowchart of the modified process a(ain+ to record how it
actually functions# 2t some point+ your team may want to create an ideal flowchart to show
how you would ultimately li*e the process to be performed#
&ene#its o# Using F"o%c$rts
"# Promote un!erstn!ing o#  process*
People may have differin( ideas about how a process wor*s# 2 flowchart can help you (ain
a(reement about the se6uence of steps# >lowcharts promote understandin( in a way that
written procedures cannot do# 4ne (ood flowchart can replace pa(es of words#
/# Provi!e  too" #or trining emp"oyees*
=ecause of the way they visually lay out the se6uence of process steps+ flowcharts can be
very helpful in trainin( employees to perform the process accordin( to standardiJed
procedures#
=* I!enti#y pro)"em res n! oppor tunities #or proc ess improvement*
4nce you brea* down the process steps and dia(ram them+ problem areas become more
visible# It is easy to spot opportunities for simplifyin( and refinin( your process by analyJin(
decision points+ redundant steps+ and rewor* loops#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %2

&sic F"o%c$rt Sym)o"s
The sym)o"s that are commonly used in flowcharts iew(raph 0! have speci#ic menings
and are connecte! )y rro%s in!icting t$e #"o% from one step to another,
+* Ov"* 4vals indicate both the startin( point and the endin( point of the process steps#
5* &o>* 2 box represents an individual step or activity in the process#
0# Dimon!* 2 diamond shows a decision point+ such as yes"no or go"no-go# )ach path
emer(in( from the diamond must be labeled with one of the possible answers#
1# Circ"e* 2 circle indicates that a particular step is connected to another pa(e or part of
the >lowchart# 2 letter placed in the circle clarifies the continuation#
8* Tring"e* 2 trian(le shows where an in5process measurement occurs#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %#

*ig + $,ample o" a Simple *lo&chart
Start
Process
Process NO es
#ecision
ES
Process
End
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %$

8elf5Chec* "#"
A* Directions0 Mtc$ Co"umn A %it$ Co"umn &* -rite on"y t$e "etter o# t$e correct
ns%er on  seprte s$eet o# pper*
Co"umAn Co"um&n
"# Indicates that a particular step is connected to a#

another pa(e or part of the flowchart
/# 8hows a decision point+ such as yes"no or

go"no-go#
b#
0# Indicates both the startin( point and the endin(

point of the process steps
c#
1# 8hows where an in5process measurement occurs
d#
# Represents an individual step or activity in the

process
e#
f#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %%

4peration 8heet "#"
Directions0 Using t$e )sic sym)o"s use! #or #"o%c$rt? m(e your o%n simp"e #"o%
c$rt to i""ustrte t$e process o# c"ening t$e computer prts n! perip$er"s proper"y*
Inc"u!e t$e given ctivities )e"o%*
"# Preparation of cleanin( tools

/# Identifyin( the parts to be clean
0# Cleanin( the different peripherals

$coring %u&rics
Preparaton of 4321
Flowcharts
#rawing 'llassigned 'lmostall 'lmostall ewerthan)*+

details and assigned details , assigned details o! the assigned
elementshave elements (at and elements(at details and
&een added" The least )*+- have least )*+- have elements are
details are clear &een added" The &een added" ' resent .% most
and easy to details are clear !ew details are details are
iden!y" andeasyto di/cultto di/cultto
iden!y" iden!y" iden!y"
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %&

LEARNING OUTCOME )
Interpret tec$nic" !r%ing
"# 9imensions of the *ey features of the obGects are depicted in the drawin(
correctly identified#
/# 8ymbols used in the draw in( are identified and interpreted correctly#
0# 9rawin( is chec*ed and validated a(ainst Gob re6uirements or e6uipment in
accordance with standard operatin( procedures#
Mateials
"# Wor*shop
0# Computers
1# -8= >lash 9rive
# LC9
D# 9rawin( Tools
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %'

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out i nterpreting o# tec$nic"
!r%ing* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 /
Directions0 Interpret t$e #"o%c$rt*
Begin
OPEN FILE
E!" E#O"
!
es
0.T  0. PIN$ BL!N% PIN$ N!&E
E.( LINE PIN$ S$EE$
PIN$ #I$'
E$
#LOSE FILE PIN$ $(O

BL!N% LINES !
End
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %,

Ho& do you interpret "lo&charts)
2 >lowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways to improve it only if
you use it to analyJe what is happenin(# Interpretin( your >lowchart will help
you to ,
Determine %$o is invo"ve! in the process#

Form t$eories )out root cuses*
I!enti#y %ys to strem"ine the process#
Determine $o% to imp"ement c$nges to the
process#
'octe cost,!!e!,on"y steps*
Provi!e trining on how the process wor*s or
should wor*#
=elow is a se6uence of steps that will help you throu(h

an orderly analysis of your flowchart#
E)a*ine
Step + , E>mine ec$ process step for the followin( conditions that indicate a need to
improve the process,
#ottlenecks# These points in the process where it slows down may be caused by redundant
or unnecessary steps+ rewor*+ lac* of capacity+ or other factors#
$eak links# These are steps where problems occur because of inade6uate trainin( of
process wor*ers+ e6uipment that needs to be repaired or replaced+ or insufficient technical
documentation# SInform the drill leader and improviseS is one of the wea* lin*s#
%oorly defined steps# 8teps which are not well5defined may be interpreted and performed in
a different way by each person involved+ leadin( to process variation# SImproviseS is a poorly
defined step in the wea* lin* cited above#
Step 5 , E>mine ec$ !ecision sym)o" # 7ou may want to collect data on how often there
is a SyesS or SnoS answer at decision points mar*ed by a diamond shaped symbol# If most
decisions (o one way rather than the other+ you may be able to remove this decision point#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING %-

Step = , E>mine ec$ re%or( "oop # Processes with numerous chec*s (enerate
rewor* and waste# )xamine the activities precedin( the rewor* loop and identify those
that need to be improved# Loo* for ways to shorten or eliminate the loop#
Step 4 , E>mine ec$ ctivity sym)o" # 9oes the step help build a key quality
characteristic into the end product; If not+ consider eliminatin( it#
Types o# #"o%c$rt
=esides the three levels of detail used to cate(oriJe >lowcharts+ there are three main
types of flowcharts namely + "iner? !ep"oyment? n! opportunity # The level of detail
can be depicted as macro+ mini+ or micro for each of these types#
"# 'iner F"o%c$rt# 2 linear flowchart is a dia(ram that displays the se6uence of
wor* steps that ma*e up a process# This tool can help identify rewor* and
redundant or unnecessary steps within a process#
/# Dep"oyment F"o%c$rt* 2 deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow

and identifies the people or (roups involved at each step# <oriJontal lines define
customer5supplier relationships# This type of chart shows where the people or
(roups fit into the process se6uence+ and how they relate to one another
throu(hout the process#
Ho& do &e construct a linear "lo&chart)
>ollowin( are the seven steps for developin( a linear flowchart
+* De#ine t$e process to )e # "o%c$rte! + and the purpose for flowchartin( it#
5* Assem)"e t $e rig$t peop"e to develop the flowchartthose operators+ technicians+
or office wor*ers who are actually involved in the process#
=* Est)"is$ process )oun!ries the startin( and endin( points#
Identify the maGor activities or sub processes that are included in the process#
9etermine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any
doubt or confusion about the boundaries# This may also help establish the
scope of related processes#
4* 'ist t$e step s? ct ivities? n! !ecisions to be charted# If your team is not sure
about a step+ mar* it to be investi(ated later#
8* Put t$e steps in c$ rono"ogic" se<uence # 8ometimes itKs easier to start with the
last step and wor* bac* to the first step#
;* Assign #"o%c$rt sym)o"s such as boxes+ diamonds+ and trian(les#
* Revie% n! tit"e the >lowchart#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &.

8elf5Chec* /#"
Directions 0 2rran(e the followin( steps in developin( a flowchart # Put the number on a
separate sheet of paper#
EEEEEEEEEEEE9efine the process to be flowcharted+ and the purpose for flowchartin( it#
EEEEEEEEEEEE)stablish process boundaries 5 the startin( and endin( points#
EEEEEEEEEEEEPut the steps in chronolo(ical se6uence# 8ometimes itKs easier to start

with the last step and wor* bac* to the first step#
EEEEEEEEEEEE2ssi(n flowchart symbols such as boxes+ diamonds+ and trian(les#
EEEEEEEEEEEEReview and title the flowchart#
EEEEEEEEEEEE2ssemble the ri(ht people to develop the flowchart those operators+

technicians+ or office wor*ers who are actually involved in the process#
EEEEEEEEEEEEList the steps+ activities+ and decisions to be charted# If your team is not
sure about a step+ mar* it to be investi(ated later#

4peration 8heet /#"
Directions0 2nalyJe carefully the (iven tas* below, Wor* in a (roup  members each! and
develop a flowchart based on the (iven situation below#
our ts(0
7ou are a member of a product assembly team in a (amin( machine manufacturer and
are loo*in( for ways of buildin( the product more efficiently# 7ou are as*ed to brea* down the
assembly process into a set of flowcharts+ showin( how sub5assemblies are made and then
built into the final product# Present your developed flowchart to the team leader#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &1


Scoring Ru)rics0
7ou"#willClarity
be (raded accordin(
of your flowchartto,
/# Completeness
0# 2ccuracy
1# presentation
#riteria Points 'o+Srcore
1" 3larity 2*
2" 3omleteness 2*
4" 'ccuracy 2*
5" 3lass resentaon 2*

o! your chart
Total 166
Interprettion o# Scores
97+66 E>ce""ent
:;79; eryoo!
8
7
:8 oo!
8+
7
8 Fir
86n!)e"o% Poor
Congrtu"tions3 ou !i!  gret o)3

Rest n! re">  %$i"e t$en move on to
t$e ne>t "esson* oo! "uc(3
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &2

REFERENCES
L4"
http,&&machineshop#olin#edu&resources&documents&TechnicalA/@9rawin(A/ @5
A/@ClassA/@<andout#pdf
www#breeJetree#com&.
www#patton5patton#com&basicEflowEchartEsy#http,&&www#la*eland
www#tesda#(ov#ph
L4 /
www#edrawsoft#com&flowchart#php
http,&&www#eod#(vsu#edu&Ublaucha&c/d/&8tructuredA/@9esi(nA/@-sin(A/
@>lowcharts#pdf
L4 0
http,&&library#thin*6uest#or(&TO@0"/0'@&machine#htm
http,&&www#a(machine#com&xmmd10d#htm
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &#

LESSON ,
Practice !ccupational "afety and Health
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LO &' identify ha2ards and ris1 (

LO )' e3a#uate ha2ards and ris1 ( and
LO ' "ontro# ha2ards and ris1'
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &$

C$emic" $@r! 2ny haJard that results from the accidental caused by toxic
chemical#
Des(top computer Is a personal computer PC! in a form intended for stationary

use#
E"ectric s$oc( CharacteriJed by pain and muscular spasm cause by an

electric current#
E"imintion The process of removin( the haJard from the wor*place#
Ergonomics The science of desi(nin( the wor*place environment to fit the

user#
H@r! 2 situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety
of people#
H@r! contro" The development of systems to prevent accidents or inGuries#
He"t$ The (eneral condition of a person in all aspects#
House(eeping Is the systematic process of ma*in( a home neat and clean
and in order#
Ris( 2 potential condition that a chosen action or activity causes#
Ris( mngement The process of analyJin( exposure to ris* and mana(in( it#
S#ety The state of bein( SsafeS#
Stn!r!s 8omethin( accepted as a basis for comparison#
Tree structure 2n al(orithm for placin( and locatin( files in an or(aniJed

database#
A"on#!s
OSH 4ccupational safety and health
PPE Personal protective e6uipment
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &%

LEARNING OUTCOME &
I!enti#y $@r!s n! ris(
"# Wor*place haJards and ris*s are identified and clearly explained#
/# <aJards&ris*s and their corr espondin( indicators are identified in accordance
with the company procedures#
0# Contin(ency measures are reco(niJed and established in accordance with
or(aniJational procedures#
Mateials
"# Wor*place
/# Personal protective e6uipment PP)!
0# Learnin( (uides
1# <and5outs
- 4r(aniJational safety and health protocol
- 8
- <aJards&ris* identification and control
# C9Fs+ <8 tapes+ transparencies
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &&

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out $@r!s n! ris(s* T(e t$is
test*
Pretest L4 "
A* Directions0 Identify the type of haJards# Match Column 2 with Column =# Write only
the letter of each correct answer on a separate sheet of paper#
Co"umn A Co"umn &
"# cables runnin( across "# mechanical haJard

the floor
/# hot components or sharp /# physical haJard
ed(es of computers
0# in*Get printer cartrid(e 0# electric shoc* haJards
1# exposed power cable 1# chemical haJard
# open casin( of computer # CRT monitor hi(h

monitor volta(e haJard
&* I!enti#y t$e 8S princip"es n! give .+/ e>mp"e #or ec$ princip"e*
"# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
)xample , EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
/# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
0# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
1# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &'

Re! In#ormtion S$eet +*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn remem)er
n! $o% muc$ you "erne! )y !oing Se"#,c$ec( +*+*
H@r! I!enti#iction? Ris( Assessment? n! Ris( Contro"
Occuption" s#ety n! $e"t$ .OSH/ is a planned system of wor*in( to prevent illness
and inGury where you wor* by reco(niJin( and identifyin( haJards and ris*s# <ealth and
safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technolo(y
industries* 7ou must identify the haJards where you are wor*in( and decide how dan(erous
they are# )liminate the haJard or modify the ris* that it presents# This Module is intended to
(ive you some (uidelines and advice on common areas of health and safety problems in the
computer industry and to help you (ain a (eneral awareness of your responsibilities as user
and technician in a safe environment#
There are three steps used to mana(e health and safety at wor*,
"# 8pot the <aJard <aJard Identification!

/# 2ssess the Ris* Ris* 2ssessment!
0# Ma*e the Chan(es Ris* Control!
2t wor* you can use these three Thin* 8afe steps to help prevent accidents#
-sin( the Thin* 8afe 8teps
1. Spot the Hazard
1ey Point
2 haJard is anythin( that could hurt you or someone
else#
)xamples of wor*place haJards include, Spot the

frayed electrical cords could result in electrical shoc*!
boxes stac*ed precariously they could fall on someone!
ha,ards
noisy machinery could result in dama(e to your hearin(!
9urin( wor* experience+ you must remain alert to anythin( that may be dan(erous# If you
see+ hear or smell anythin( odd+ ta*e note# If you thin* it could be a haJard+ tell someone#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &,

2. Assess the Risk
1ey Point
2ssessin( the ris* means wor*in( out how li*ely it is that a

haJard will harm someone and how serious the harm could
be#
Whenever you spot a haJard+ assess the ris* by

yourself two 6uestions,
!ssessas*in(
<ow li*elyelse;
someone is it that the haJard could harm me or
<ow badly could I or someone else be harmed;
2lways tell someone your employer+ your supervisor or your health and safety
representative! about haJards you canKt fix yourself+ especially if the haJard could cause
serious harm to anyone#
>or example,
2s* your supervisor for instructions and trainin( before usin( e6uipment#
2s* for help movin( or liftin( heavy obGects#
Tell your supervisor if you thin* a wor* practice could be dan(erous#
If you are not sure of the safest way to do somethin( durin( wor* experience+ always as*
your wor* experience supervisor#
3. Make the Changes
1ey Point
It is your employerKs responsibility to fix haJards# 8ometimes you may be able to fix simple
haJards yourself+ as lon( as you donKt put yourself or others at ris*# >or example+ you can
pic* up thin(s from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip haJard#
Common $@r!s encountere! )y computer tec$nicins n! users
2 haJard is a situation in the wor*place that has the potential to harm the health and safety
of people or to dama(e plant and e6uipment# The situation could involve a tas*+ chemical or
e6uipment used# <aJard mana(ement is a continuous process that can be used to improve
the health and safety of all wor*places#
Physical Hazards
4neofthemostcommonphysicalhaJardsinvolvin(
computertechniciansiscablesrunnin(acrossthefloor# If
someone trips+ falls+ and hurtshimselfbecause ofacable
Ph-sical ha,ards
you ran across the floor+ someone you+ your employer+ or
yourcustomer!hasaseriousle(alne(li(enceproblem#If
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING &-

you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor+ place a &anger si(n similar to those
Swet floorS si(ns used by cleanin( services#
>or cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a lon(er period of time+
use S(affers tapeS# $affers tape is a heavy tape with stron( adhesive to stic* to the floor# It
comes in a wide ran(e of colors+ from unintrusive matte blac* to haJard warn in( red#
2lthou(h it has stron( adhesive+ it can be removed easily and cleanly#
>or lon( term cable routin( there is a wide variety of cable or(aniJin( devices li*e cable ties+
cable wraps+ and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely alon( the wall or
ceilin(#
4ther common physical haJards include leavin( tools on top of ladders and placin(
electronic e6uipment in precarious positions or on support that is not sturdy enou(h or not
desi(ned for holdin( electronic e6uipment#
-echanical Hazards
When wor*in( on electronic

e6uipment+as*yourselfSIsthere
anywaythise6uipmentcouldhurt
me;# 7ou mi(ht stic* your hand in a
printerandsuddenlythepaperfeed
armmoves+feedin(notonlypaper
your fin(er too#
*echanical ha,ards
throu(h theprinter+ but apieceof
7ou mi(ht move your hand past a computer chassis and lose a chun* of flesh because it is
raJor sharp# When wor*in( on electronic e6uipment always be alert to any possibility of
bein( hurt by movin( parts+ hot components+ or sharp ed(es#
Chemical Hazards
There is a wide array of chemicals used with

electronic e6uipment# There are display cleanin(
chemicals+ *eyboard cleanin( chemicals+
compressed (as dirt and dust removers+ and many
cleanin( solvents# 8ome of these chemicals can be
harmful if accidentally swallowed+ (et on bare s*in+
or (et in eyes# =efore usin( any chemicals for
electronic e6uipment always read the warnin(s and
instructions on the label#
2lso be very careful when dealin(

with in*Get printer cartrid(es+ or laser
printer toner cartrid(es# In* and toner can stain s*in+ clothin(+ and carpet#
$lectric Shock Hazard
Inside computers and electronic e6uipment+ there is a ran(e of volta(es

from 0#0 volts to / volts+ most of these are harmless# =ut at the power
supply+ youKll find line volta(e+ which is a lethal //@ volts#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '.

Most of the time while wor*in( inside computers and electronic e6uipment+ youKll want them
unplu((ed from the wall soc*et# If you need to wor* on e6uipment while it is still plu((ed in
or powered up+ remove all Gewelry and wrist watches#
If you must wor* inside a line power distribution box+ wear an electricianFs rubber insulated
(loves and safety (lasses# 7ou mi(ht thin* you donKt need these safety devices because you
are (oin( to be extra careful+ but one little slip could cause a flamin( explosion that could
ta*e off your hand+ embed shrapnel in your eyes+ or conduct electricity throu(h your heart+
where it ta*es only "@ milliamps @#@"! to *ill a human#
- C.T -onitor High/0oltage Hazard
CRT monitors are becomin( less common nowadays+ but

should you run into one+ it is best N4T to open it up#
Instead+ outsource any CRT repair Gob to a 6ualified CRT
repair service# 2 CRT monitor has a hi(h5volta(e anode
inside it+ which can carry a char(e of up to /+@@@ volts+
and it can still be holdin( a hi(h char(e days after the
power is removed#
If you must open a CRT monitor case for some reason+

be sure to study the proper way to dischar(e a CRT
before you proceed# It involves usin( a Gumper wire and a
flat blade screwdriver to shorten the anode to (round#
2fter bein( dischar(ed+ even with no power connection+
the anode volta(e will actually build up a(ain# 8o you
have to repeatedly dischar(e it#

8elf5Chec* "#"
A* Direction0 Read carefully each statement below# Place T on the line if the statement is
TRUE# Place F if the statement is FA'SE#
EEEEE "# <ealth and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer
and technolo(y industries*
EEEEEE /# 8pottin( the haJards means wor*in( out how li*ely it is that a haJard will harm
someone and how serious the harm could be#
EEEEEE 0# If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor+ place a &anger si(n similar
to those Swet floorS si(ns used by cleanin( services#
EEEEEE 1# 2n LC9 monitor has a hi(h5volta(e anode inside it+ which can carry a char(e of
up to /+@@@ volts+ and it can still be holdin( a hi(h char(e days after the power is removed#
EEEEEE # In*Get printer cartrid(es+ or laser printer toner cartrid(es are haJardous to users#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '1

&* Direction 0 I!enti#y %$t $@r! is )eing i""ustrte! in t$e sitution )e"o% *
EEEEEEEEEE "# 8lippery computer laboratory floor

EEEEEEEEEE /# <ot components+ or sharp ed(es of computer devices
EEEEEEEEEE 0# Laser printer toner
EEEEEEEEEE 1# 4bstructed electrical cables
EEEEEEEEEE # 4pen CRT monitor

4peration 8heet "#"
A* Direction0 An"y@e t$e given ts( )e"o% n! ns%er t$e %or(s$eet t$t #o""o%s*
Task'
"# Choose an industry or type of wor*place e#(# computer laboratory+ computer
manufacturin(+ or a computer shop#
/# Ma*e a list of haJa rds that may be pr esent in tha t wor*place e#(# sl ippery floors from
spilt water+ oil etc. uneven floors from chan(in( floor level# -se the Table below#
0# 9escribe the ris*s#
1# Write down ways to control the ris*s#
SpottheHazard ssessthe.isk
2 <aJard is anythin( that could hurt you Wor* out how li*ely it is that the haJard will
orsomeone else hurtsomeone andhowbadlyhe&she could be
hurt
ListthehaJards 9escribetheris*s
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '2

&* Direction0 4bserve the set5up of your schoolFs Computer Laboratory# 4bserve the
procedures and arran(ement bein( practiced and used in the wor*place# Identify haJards
and assess the ris* based on your observations*
I Care "or Sa"e (ork Short ns&er
Spot the hazard

If you spot somethin( haJardous+ what should you do;
8imple haJard e#(# boxes on the floor in the way!




More complex haJard e#(# frayed cords+ dama(ed e6uipment!





ssess the risk

What two main thin(s should the person in char(e or responsible for safety consider
when assessin( the ris*;





COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '#


Scoring Ru)rics
Criteria 1 0 / "
"#Numberof 1haJardsor 0haJards /haJards "haJard
haJards more
/#9escription <aJards 2llhaJards 2llhaJards <aJardnot
of Ris*s completely and completely and completely completely+
accurately accurately but described but accurately and
assessed not clearly not accurately clearly
and clearly described
0#8u((ested Complete and Complete+ Complete+ not Not so
ways of doablepractical correctbut not very correct+ not complete+ not
controllin( ! and correct very practical very practical correct+ not
haJards practical
Ma*e a list of haJards that may be present in your own home when operatin( a
personal computer# $ive the possible ris* of the said haJards#
H@r!st$ome%$enoperting Ris(
computer
8*
+*
5*
=*
4*
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '$
Re! t$e In#ormtion S$eet +*5 very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
remem)er n! $o% muc$ you "erne! )y !oing Se"#,c$ec( +*5*
Information 8heet "#/
App"ying 8s on your computer
7ou wor* with documents+ presentations+ (raphics+ and other files all dayand chances are+
you have a lot of them# 2nd that means it ta*es time to find the documents you need# )ven if
it is Gust a couple of minutes here+ and a couple of minutes there+ it all adds up#
=ut there is a better way to stop the file clutter
by mana(in( your files more effectively#
9i(ital files are no different than paper files+
and if you donKt have a (ood method of
or(aniJation+ thin(s (et lost#
Whether you save your files in your computerKs
.s
hard drive or a shared networ* location+ this
course will help you save time and headache
of searchin( for files !ppl- on
The purpose of this instruction is to help you
apply 8 concepts to the hard drive of your -o+r co*p+ter
computer resultin( in an increase to your daily
productivity+ better or(aniJation of your
computer+ and further compliance with the
4ffice 8 initiative# We will cover the followin(
topics as they relate to your hard drive,
8 provides the foundation for all 6uality improvement pro(rams# Thus+ it is often said that
the road to productivity starts with 8 and throu(h 8 you can create a hi(hly productive
company with hi(hly productive people# 8 is not only a matter of (ood house*eepin(# It is a
process to create more productive people and more productive companies throu(h
motivation+ education+ and the practice of 8# It involves the creation of a stron( corporate
culture filled with the spirit filled with the spirit of hi(h productivity#
"# Seiri 8ortin(&Puttin( thin(s in order Remove&discard what is not needed so that
there are fewer haJards and less clutter to interfere with wor*# 4nly *eep what is
needed#!
/# Seiton 4rderliness&Proper 2rran(ement Place thin(s in such a way that they can be
easily reached whenever they are needed# SThere must be a place for everythin(+
and everythin( must be in its place#S!
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '%
0# Seiso Clean&cleanliness# :eep wor*place and thin(s clean and polished. no trash or
dirt in the wor*place!
1# Seiketsu 8tandardiJe&Purity Maintain cleanliness after cleanin(+ consistently5
perpetual cleanin(# 8uch cleanin( is part of every oneKs wor*#!
# Shitsuke 8ustainin(&discipline&commitment Maintain standards and *eep the facility
in safe and efficient order day after day+ year after year#!
Example #1: Am  at lost!
ItFs not unusual for you to see a computer des*top on your classmateFs des* that
loo*s somethin( li*e this,
7ou may have seen even worse# :eepin( your des*top so cluttered li*e this creates
many problems such as,
It is difficult to find what youFre loo*in( for#
>iles+ folders+ and application shortcuts are (rouped to(ether without any lo(ical
separation#
7ou donFt *now immediately where to place new files downloaded files+ attachments+
temporary wor*in( documents+ etc!
When the des*top (ets too full+ you waste time cleanin( temporary&downloaded files#
If you are only bac*in( up My 9ocuments+ items on the 9es*top may be s*ipped#
If you are mi(ratin( to a different computer or *eepin( multiple computers

synchroniJed+ the 9es*top folder is often missed#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '&

What can you say about the des*top illustrated;
<ow can you ma*e sure that the above problems will not be encountered;
Consider settin( up your files in the tree structure format#
2 tree structure is an al(orithm for placin( and locatin( files in an or(aniJed database# The
al(orithm finds data by repeatedly ma*in( choices at decision points called nodes# 2 node
can have as few as two branches also called children!+ or as many as several doJen#
In a tree+ records are stored in locations called leaves# This name derives from the fact that
records always exist at end points. there is nothin( beyond them#
The folder names do not necessarily tell the user what is inside them+ ma*in( it difficult for
yourself and others to find# 2lso+ the folders that are inside donFt necessarily belon( there or
fit with the other files#
Sort 7 itGs t$e )est t$ing t$t you cn !o
Tired of icon clutter on your des*top; 8ure+ you can or(aniJe your des*top shortcuts+
pro(rams+ folders+ and the li*e by dra((in( and droppin(+ but eventually some (ame or other
screen resolution5chan(in( app will undo all your hard wor*#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ''

M(e ourse"#  Des(top C"ener
7our des*top is the first thin( you see when you start your computer# This should be the
most or(aniJed part of your electronic wor*space# =ut what if your des*top loo*s li*e this;
What will be the impressions of your classmates;
The 9es*top offers many features that ma*e usin( your computer easier# 7ou can easily
start pro(rams or applications+ copy and move files from one place to another and dra( and
drop files and pro(ram where you want them on the computer or even on to a pro(ramKs icon
to open a file#
Mnge our O%n Des(top
Numerous studies have shown that your environment affects your productivity+ and that even
somethin( as simple as color can influence your memory or creativity# 8ince most of our
wor* now is done in the di(ital realm+ it stands to reason that your des*top environment can
play an important role in your productivity#
7our computerKs des*top is a startin( point for your entire computin( experience+ butli*e
anythin( else if you let it (et u(ly and messy your productivity will ta*e a dive# <ereKs how to
desi(n and create an attractive des*top with built5in or(aniJation to *eep your wor*space
nice+ clean+ and productive with minimal effort#
Ho% to mnge your !es(top0
"# Create  folders in My 9ocuments called ,
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ',

In)o> 5 Put unprocessed items that donFt have a place yet in here# This
may be items li*e software installers youFve downloaded+ files sent to you
from collea(ues+ and random text clippin(s#
Action Items 5 Put items re6uirin( an action that ta*es more than /
minutes in here# These may be items such as forms to fill out+ lar(e
applications to install and setup+ and files to upload#
On Ho"! 5 Put items you arenFt yet ready to do or complete in here# These
may be articles youFre thin*in( of readin(+ s*etches for potential proGects+
and information about classes youFre thin*in( about ta*in(#
Current Proects 5 Put files related to active proGects in here# This folder
contains files youFre currently wor*in( on as well as reference files for a
proGect# )ach proGect (ets its own uni6ue folder#
Arc
else$ive 5 Put completed
you mi(ht proGects+
want to loo* at a(ain(eneral
in here reference items+ and anythin(
Tip0 =y placin( the underscore in front of the name of the file folder+ it will force the
folder to display at the top of the list in My 9ocuments#
/# Now move all relevant files from your des*top into these folders# If you have a
lar(e number of files+ you can move everythin( into the HInbox folder and
or(aniJe it later#
0# 2ll that should be left on the des*top is pro(ram icons#

8elf5Chec* "#/
Directions0 Match the 8 principle that is needed or depicted in the followin( pictures#
Co"umAn Co"um&n
"#8eiton b#
/#8eiri a#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING '-

0# 8ei*etsu
c#
1# 8eiso d#
7lease !ollow
our 3omuter
La&oratory
# 8hitsu*e
e#
!"
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,.

4peration 8heet "#"
Directions0 4r(aniJe your des*top# Name the folders below and or(aniJe your own des*top
by sortin( the (iven files accordin(ly#
1" 2" 4"
5" *"
Fi"es Fi"e #o"!er nme

"# 7ouTubedownloader "#
/# <ouse#Gpe( /#
0# >ireJilla 0#
1# 9epedmemorandum#pdf 1#
# Lettertotheprincipal#doc #
D# $roupproGectproposal D#
%# Proposed pro(ram of activities %#
'# 8chool#Gpe( '#
?# ideo of the school activities ?#
"@#Myresume#doc "@#
""# <arryPottermovie ""#
"/#
8chool <ymn "/#
"0# Teach me how to do((y#mp0 "0#
"1# Listofactivies#doc "1#
"# Importance of >aceboo* usa(e#ppt "#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,1


Scoring Ru)rics
Criteria Points My8core

"# 2ccuracy @
/# 8peed /
0# w&o 2ssistance /
Total "@@
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,2

LEARNING OUTCOME )
Ev"ute $@r!s n! ris(
"# )ffects of haJards are determined#

/# 48< issues and concerns are identified in accordance with
wor*place re6uirements and
0# Relevant wor*place 48< le(islation#
Mateials
"# Wor*place
0# Learnin( (uides
1# <and5outs
- 8
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,#

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out t$e ev"ution o# $@r!s
n! ris(* T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 /
Direction0 Read each statement below carefully# PlaceT on the line+ if you thin* a
statement is TRUE# Place F? if you thin* the statement is FA'SE#
EEEEE "# 7our *nees should be bent at a comfortable an(le and (reater than ?@ de(rees
flexion when sittin( in front of a computer#
EEEEE /# 2 well desi(ned mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist and
forehead muscles#
EEEEE 0# 8et the eye to screen distance that permits you to most easily focus on the screen#
EEEEE 1# Chan(in( posture at fre6uent intervals maximiJes fati(ue when usin( a computer#
EEEEE # Place the *eyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the
horiJontal and the wrists to be strai(ht#
EEEEE D# It is recommended that operators avoid spendin( more than five hours a day on
*eyboard duties and no lon(er than @ minutes per hour without a postural&stretchin( brea*#
EEEEE %# To detect whether there are reflections from the des* surface+ the wor*er should
hold the boo* below the surface and assess the chan(e in reflected (lare from the screen#
EEEEE '# "@+@@@ 5 "/+@@@ *eystro*es per hour is considered an acceptable standard in
typin(#
EEEEE ?# $ood posture is essential for all users of computers#
EEEEE "@# The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least %hJ#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,$

Computer -or(sttion Ergonomics
There are various health problems associated with the re(ular use of computers+ such as
stress+ eyestrain+ and inGuries to the wrists+ nec*+ and bac*#
)mployers must ta*e steps to protect employees whose wor* involves the re(ular use of
computers#
Computer er(onomics is the discipline of matchin( the tas* to the wor*er usin( the most
appropriate e6uipment to optimiJe human well5bein( and overall performance#
This can be simplified to HModify the wor*place+ not the individualS#
Consideration should be (iven to,
The accessories re6uired to operate properly

The layout of e6uipment on the des*
The location of furniture in the room
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,%

-or( sur#ce $eig$t
#o*p+ter wor/place
2dGust the hei(ht of the wor* surface and&or the
hei(ht of the chair so that the wor* surface allows
your elbows to be bent at ?@ de(rees+ forearms
parallel with the floor+ wrist strai(ht+ shoulders
relaxed#
C$ir
2dGust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable when

you are wor*in( on the *eyboard# -sually+ this will be
close to horiJontal but some people prefer the seat
tilted sli(htly forwards# 7our *nees should be bent at a
comfortable an(le and (reater than ?@ de(rees
flexion# If this places an uncomfortable strain on the
le( muscles or if the feet do not reach the floor then a
footrest should be used# The footrest hei(ht must
allow your *nees to be bent at ?@ de(rees# Therefore
the hei(ht of the footrest may need to be adGustable#
2dGust the bac*rest so that it supports the lower bac*
when you are sittin( upri(ht#
1ey)or! p"cement
Place the *eyboard in a position that allows the

forearms to be close to the horiJontal and the wrists to
be strai(ht# That is+ with the hand in line with the
forearm#
from the Ifside
this causes the elbows
of the body to be heldthe
then re5chec* far wor*
out
surface hei(ht# 8ome people prefer to have their wrists
supported on a wrist des* or the des*# =e careful not to
have the wrist extended or bent in an up position#
Screen p"cement
8et the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily focus on the screen#
-sually+ this will be within an armKs len(th# 8et the hei(ht of the monitor so that the top of the
screen is below eye level and the bottom of the screen can be read without a mar*ed
inclination of the head# -sually+ this means that the center of the screen will need to be near
shoulder hei(ht# )yes must be level with the tool bar# People who wear bifocal or multi5focal
lenses will need to (et a balance between where they see out of their lenses and avoid too
much nec* flexion#
Des(,top "yout
Place all controls and tas* materials within a comfortable reach of both hands so that there is
no unnecessary twistin( of any part of the body# Most people prefer the document holder to
be between the *eyboard and the monitor# There are many different types of document
holders available#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,&

Document $o"!er
Place this close to the monitor screen in the

position that causes the least twistin( or
inclination of the head#
Posture n! environment
Chan(e posture at fre6uent intervals to minimiJe

fati(ue# 2void aw*ward postures at the extremes
of the Goint ran(e+ especially the wrists# Ta*e
fre6uent short rest brea*s rather than infre6uent
lon(er ones# 2void sharp increases in wor* rate#
Chan(es should be (radual enou(h to ensure that
the wor*load does not result in excessive fati(ue#
2fter prolon(ed absences from wor* the overall
duration of periods of *eyboard wor* should be
increased (radually if conditions permit
'ig$ting
Place the monitor to the side of the li(ht source&s+ not directly underneath# Try to site des*s
between rows of li(hts# If the li(htin( is fluorescent strip li(htin(+ the sides of the des*s
should be parallel with the li(hts# Try not to put the screen near a window# If it is unavoidable+
ensure that neither the screen nor the operator faces the window# The solution is to increase
the refresh rate of the monitor to at least %hJ#
If the monitor is well away from windows+ there are no other sources of bri(ht li(ht and
prolon(ed des*5wor* is the norm+ use a low level of service li(ht of 0@@ lux# If there are
stron(ly contrastin( li(ht levels+ then a moderate level of li(htin( of 1@@ 5 @@ lux may be
desirable#
"re n! re#"ection
It is important to detect the presence of (lare and reflection# To determine whether there is
(lare from overhead li(hts whilst seated wor*er should hold an obGect such as a boo* above
the eyes at eyebrow level and establish whether the screen ima(e becomes clearer in the
absence of overhead (lare# To detect whether there are reflections from the des* surface+
the wor*er should hold the boo* above the surface and assess the chan(e in reflected (lare
from the screen#
Using  mouse
2 well desi(ned mouse should not cause undue pressure on the

wrist and forearm muscles# 2 lar(e bul*y mouse may *eep the
wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable an(le# Pressure can
be reduced by releasin( the mouse at fre6uent intervals+ by
selectin( a slim5line+ low5profile mouse# :eep the mouse as close
as possible to the *eyboard+ elbow bent and close to the body#

Posture !uring 1eying
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,'

$ood posture is essential for all users of computers# It comprises of a natural and relaxed
position+ providin( opportunity for movement+ and from which the operator can assume a
number of alternative positions# It is not  sing"e? rigi!"y !e#ine! position*
Typing tec$ni<ue
Typin( is a physical activity+ and usin( a *eyboard re6uires s*ill+ hence the need to learn
correct typin( techni6ue# -ns*illed Khunt and pec*K! typists are particularly at ris* of
4ccupational 4veruse InGury because they,
often use only one or two fin(ers which may overload the fin(er tendons.
are constantly loo*in( from *eyboard to screen to *eyboard+ which may strain nec*
muscles.
often adopt a tense posture wrists bent bac* and fin(ers Kpoised to stri*eK!#
Spee! o# (eying
The efficiency and speed of modern computers ma*es it possible for a s*illed operator to
type extremely 6uic*ly# This capability+ reinforced by wor*load pressures means the potential
exists for operators to *ey at speeds which may cause or contribute to 4ccupational
4veruse 8yndrome#
The role of the repetitive movement in inGury is not fully understood+ but is believed to
interfere with the lubrication capacity of tendons+ and the ability of muscles to receive
sufficient oxy(en supplies# "@+@@@ 5 "/+@@@ *eystro*es per hour is considered an acceptable
standard#
'engt$ o# time on t$e (ey)or!
The maintenance of a fixed posture for lon( periods is tirin( and increases the li*elihood of
muscular aches and pains# In addition+ lon( periods of repetitive movement and sustained
visual attention can also (ive rise to fati(ue5related complaints#
It is recommended that operators avoid spendin( more than five hours a day on *eyboard
duties and no lon(er than @ minutes per hour without a postural&stretchin( brea*#
POINTS TO REMEM&ER
Computers 7Ergonomic ui!e"ines
ie%ing !istnce0 The monitor should be / 3/V feet from the childFs eyes#
Time t computer0 )ncoura(e children to use their physical ener(y#
Set n! $eig$ t posture0 The child should sit hi(h enou(h to have his
arms bent at ?@
Footrest0 -se it prevent dan(lin( feet#
Mouse0 >ind one that fits small hands#
1ey)or!0 Child5siJed *eyboards with li(ht pressure *eyin( are
recommended#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,,

8elf5Chec* /#"
Direction0 Read each statement below carefully# PlaceT on the line+ if you thin* a
statement is TRUE# Place F? if you thin* the statement is FA'SE#
EEEEE "# 7our *nees should be bent at a comfortable an(le and (reater than ?@ de(rees
flexion when sittin( in front of a computer#
EEEEE /# 2 well5desi(ned mouse should not cause undue pressure on the waist and
forehead muscles#
EEEEE 0# 8et the eye to screen at a distance that permits you to most easily focus on
the screen#
EEEEE 1# Chan(in( posture at fre6uent intervals maximiJes fati(ue when usin( a computer#
EEEEE # Place the *eyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the
horiJontal and the wrists to be strai(ht#
EEEEE D# It is recommended that operators avoid spendin( more than five hours a day on
*eyboard duties and no lon(er than @ minutes per hour without a postural&stretchin( brea*#
EEEEE %# To detect whether there are reflections from the des* surface+ the wor*er should
hold the boo* below the surface and assess the chan(e in reflected (lare from the screen#
EEEEE '# "@+@@@ 5 "/+@@@ *eystro*es per hour is considered an acceptable standard in
typin(#
EEEEE ?# $ood posture is essential for all users of computers#
EEEEE "@# The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least %hJ#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,-

4peration 8heet /#"
Directions0 Revie% the <aJard )valuation sample exercise with the class# )xplain that
there is personal Gud(ment involved in evaluatin( haJards# >or example+ a lar(e bul*y mouse
may *eep the wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable an(le#
Ans%er $n!out + for an individual learnin( activity# 2s* students to choose one Gob either
computer technician or computer pro(rammer! or activity at wor* or at home# List potential 2+
= and C type $@r!s on computer ergonomics for the Gob or activity on the wor*sheet
and (ive reasons for the type of haJard#
HAARDS EA'UATION
Nme0 .ComputerErgonomics/ 0Dte


8ettin( , Computer ')ortory H@r! A , Can cause serious inGury# Must be

corrected immediately#
2ctivity &Bob , Computer H@r!&0 Must be corrected soon to avoid inGury#

Tec$nicin
Location , Philippines H@r! C 0 Not an immediate concern# Plan to correct

in future#
H@rA
! H@r&
! H@rC
!
)xample! )xample! )xample!
'.verloaded Electrical '.)omputer screen '. *arge bulky mouse

sockets near a window. may keep the wrist
continuously bent at
an uncomfortable
angle.
Reasons why ,
Reasonswhy, Reasonswhy,
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -.


!c0it- 4 3 2 1
Iden!ying $tudents iden!y $tudents iden!y at $tudents iden!y at $tudents iden!y

ha8ards and more than 5 least 5 reasona&le9 least 4 reasona&le9 less than 4
%is: ha8ards and ris:s" ha8ards and ris:s" ha8ards and ris:s" ha8ards and ris:s"
3ontrolling $tudents iden!y $tudents iden!y at $tudents iden!y at $tudents iden!y

ha8ards and more than 5 least 5 reasona&le9 least 4 reasona&le9 !ewer than 4
%is: reasona&le9 insigh;ul ossi&le insigh;ul ossi&le reasona&le9
insigh;ul ossi&le soluons,strategies soluons,strategies insigh;ul ossi&le
soluons,strategies to control ha8ards to control ha8ards soluons,strategi
tocontrolha8ards andris: andris: estocontrol
and
ris: ha8ards
and
ris:
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -1

LEARNING OUTCOME 
Contro" $@r!s n! ris(
"# 4<8 procedures for controllin( haJards and ris* are strictly followed#
/# Procedures in dealin( with wor*place accidents+ fire and emer(encies are
followed in accordance with the or(aniJationFs 48< policies#
#
Mateials
"# Wor*place
0# Learnin( (uides
1# <and5outs
- 8
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -2

'et us !etermine $o% muc$ you "re!y (no% )out t$e contro" o# $@r!s n!
ris( * T(e t$is test*
Pretest L4 0
A* Directions0 List down at least five ways to control haJards in the computer wor*
place
"# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
/# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
0# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
1# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
# EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
&* Directions0 Read each statement below carefully# Place T on the line+ if you thin*
the statement is TRUE# Place F if you thin* the statement is FA'SE#
EEEEE "# The ri(ht li(htin( can reduce eyestrain+ nec* strain+ and headaches#
EEEEE
your /# When you type+ hold your fin(ers+ wrists+ and lower arms in a strai(ht line from
*eyboard#
EEEEE 0# The computer des* should be deep enou(h to support your arms when you
wor* at the computer#
EEEEE 1# When usin( a computer+ *eep your feet flat on the floor and your *nees sli(htly
lower than your thi(hs#
EEEEE # 8ubstitution of a specific haJard or haJardous wor* process+ or preventin( it

from enterin( the wor*place+ is the most effective method of control#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -#

Re! t$e In#ormtion S$eet =*+ very %e"" t$en #in! out $o% muc$ you cn
remem)er n! $o% muc$ you "erne! )y !oing Se"#,c$ec( =*+*
Information 8heet 0#"
Contro""ing $@r!s n! Ris(
2ll wor*place haJards chemical+ physical+ etc#! can be controlled by a variety of methods#
The (oal of controllin( haJards is to prevent %or(ers #rom )eing e>pose! to
occuption" $@r!s# 8ome methods of haJard control are more efficient than others+ but
a combination of methods usually provides a safer wor*place than relyin( on only one
method# 8ome methods of control are cheaper than others but may not provide the most
effective way to reduce exposures#
The most effective method of controllin( haJards is to control at the source by eliminatin( the
haJard or by substitutin( a haJardous a(ent or wor* process with a less dan(erous one#
=efore thin*in( about what control measures are needed+ first you need to *now whether
there are health and safety problems in your wor*place+
and if so+ what they are#
Ho% cn you i!enti#y $e"t$ n! s#ety pro)"ems2
<ere are some of the ways you can identify health and
safety problems,
4bserve your wor*place.

Investi(ate complaints from wor*ers.
)xamine accident and near5miss records.
)xamine sic*ness fi(ures.
-se simple surveys to as* your co5wor*ers about
their health and safety concerns. ha,ards and
-sechec*liststohelpyouinspectyour
wor*place.
Learn the results of inspections that are done by
ris/ control
the employer+ the union+ or anyone else.
Read reports or other information about your wor*place#
4nce you reco(niJe a haJard+ then you can determine which measure will correct the
problem most effectively# $enerally+ there are five maGor cate(ories of control measures,
elimination+ substitution+ en(ineerin( controls+ administrative controls+ and personal
protective e6uipment# )liminatin( a haJard means removin( it completely. substitution is
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -$

replacin( one haJardous a(ent or wor* process with a less dan(erous one# 2n en(ineerin(
control may mean chan(in( a piece of machinery for example+ usin( proper machine
(uards! or a wor* process to reduce exposure to a haJard. wor*in( a limited number of
hours in a haJardous area is an example of an administrative control for example+ Gob
rotation!. and personal protective e6uipment PP)! includes ear and eye protection+
respirators+ and protective clothin(#
.emem1er+ it is always better to control the haard as close to the source as possible.
sing personal protection is the least acceptable and least effective of all control measures.
Met$o!s o# Contro"
$limination
)limination of a specific haJard or haJardous wor* process+ or preventin( it from enterin(

the wor*place+ is the most effective method of control#
E"iminte $@r!s t t$e !eve"opment stgeJ
It is important to consider the wor*erFs health and safety when wor* processes are still in the
plannin( sta(e# >or example+ when purchasin( machines+ safety should be the first concern+
not cost# Machines should conform to national safety standards# They should be !esigne!
with the correct (uard on them to eliminate the dan(er of a wor*er (ettin( cau(ht in the
machine while usin( it# Machines that are not produced with the proper (uards on them may
cost less to purchase+ but cost more in terms of accidents+ loss of production+ compensation+
etc# -nfortunately+ many used machines that do not meet safety standards are exported to
developin( countries+ causin( wor*ers to pay the price with accidents+ hearin( loss from
noise+ etc#
(here are controls used)
Controls are usually placed,
"# 2t the source where the haJard Scomes

fromS!
/# 2lon( the path where the haJard StravelsS!
0#2t the wor*er
%eep
(hat is meant 1y elimination)
)limination is the process of removin( the haJard from the wor*place# It is the most effective
way to control a ris* because the haJard is no lon(er present# It is the preferred way to
control a haJard and should be used whenever possible#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -%

(hat is su1stitution)
Safet- First
8ubstitution occurs when a new chemical or substance is used instead of another chemical# It is
sometimes (rouped with elimination because+ in effect+ you are removin( the first
substance or haJard from the wor*place# The (oal+
obviously+ is to choose a new chemical that is less
haJardous than the ori(inal#
Ed"caton and T/anng
)mployee education and trainin( on how to

conduct their wor* safely helps to minimiJe the ris* of
exposure and is a critical element of any complete
wor*place health and safety pro(ram# Trainin( must
cover not only how to do the Gob safely but it must also ensure that wor*ers understand the
haJards of their Gob# It must also provide them with information on how to protect themselves
and co5wor*ers#
oo! House(eeping
$ood house*eepin( is essential to prevent the accumulation of haJardous or toxic materials

e#(#+ build5up of dust or contaminant on led(es+ or beams!+ or haJardous conditions e#(#+
poor stoc*pilin(!#
Emergency Prepre!ness
=ein( prepared for emer(encies means ma*in( sure that the necessary e6uipment and
supplies are readily available and that employees *now what to do when somethin(
unplanned happens such as a release+ spill+ fire+ or inGury# These procedures should be
written and employees should have the opportunity to practice their emer(ency response
s*ills re(ularly#
(hat should I kno& a1out personal protective e%uipment 2PP$3 as a hazard control
method)
Personal protective e6uipment PP)! includes items such as respirators+ protective clothin(
such as (loves+ face shields+ eye protection+ and footwear that serve to provide a barrier
between the wearer and the chemical or material#
It is the final item on the list for a very (ood reason# Personal protective e6uipment should
never be the only method used to reduce exposure except under very specific circumstances
because PP) may SfailS stop protectin( the wor*er! with little or no warnin(# >or example,
Sbrea*throu(hS can occur with (loves+ clothin(+ and respirator cartrid(es#
(hy is it important to monitor and revie& your hazard control program and methods)
It is important to monitor both the haJard and the control method to ma*e sure that the
control is wor*in( effectively and that exposure to the haJard is reduced or eliminated#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -&

8ome tools include physical inspection+ testin(+ exposure assessment+ observations+ inGury
and illness trac*in(+ employee feedbac*&input+ occupational health assessment+ and other
methods#
"ont Forget
=e sure to answer the followin( 6uestions,
<ave the controls solved the problem;

Is the ris* posed by the ori( inal haJard
contained;
<ave any new haJards been created;
2re new haJards appropriately controlled;
2re monitorin( processes ade6uate;
<ave wor*ers been ade6uately informed
about the situation;
<ave orientation and trainin( pro(rams
been modified to deal with the new
situation;
2re any other measures re6uired; Eec0e a,ard
<as the effectiveness of haJard controls
been documented in your committee
minutes;
#ontrol Progra*
What else can be done;
2 review will identify areas that may need more
improvement or refinement# It is important to *now if all wor*place haJards are identified+
assessed+ and appropriately controlled#
The wor*place can be a dan(erous place if various safety procedures are not properly
considered# 8ome precautions which can be ta*en to reduce
the ris* of accidents are,
)nsure there are no trailin( wires across or around the

room which people could trip on#
Power cables should be safely secured#
)lectrical soc*ets should not be overloaded#
)lectrical e6uipment should be safety tested at least
once a year#
There should be ade6uate space around des*s for
people to move#
=a(s and obstacles should be stored out of the way so
that people canKt trip over them#
>ood and drin* should not be placed near a machine#
<eatin( and ventilation should be suitable for the
wor*in( environment#
Wor* des*s should be stron( enou(h to support
computers and e6uipment#
8taff should follow the safety re(ulations#
This is the science concerned with desi(nin( safe and comfortable machines for use
by people#
This includes furniture desi(n and the desi(n of peripherals that you need to use+
such as mouse and *eyboard#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -'

Hve  "oo( t t$ese top tips to ensure t$t you %or( s#e"y n!
com#ort)"y0
+* The ri(ht li(htin( can reduce eyestrain+ nec* strain+ and headaches# 8unli(ht is the
best li(ht+ but ma*e sure it doesnKt create (lare on your computer screen#
5* The proper des* will let you find the perfect wor*in( position# It should be deep
enou(h to support your arms when you wor* at the computer#
=* Place your computer screen at eye5level or Gust below# >or optimal comfort+ set it
about 1 cm "' in#! from your face#
4* 8it up strai(ht in your chair# :eep your feet flat on the floor and your *nees sli(htly
lower than your thi(hs#
8* Choose an office tas* chair that lets you tilt forward to reach obGects in front of you
and bac*ward to stretch your arms when youKre tired#
;* When you type+ hold your fin(ers+ wrists+ and lower arms in a strai(ht line from
your *eyboard#
* :eep e6uipment that you use a lot+ li*e your telephone and computer *eyboard+
within a distance of about % cm 0@ in#! when youKre sittin( at your des*# :eep other
stora(e and e6uipment farther away# This encoura(es you to chan(e wor*in(
positions durin( the day#
Points to remem)er
"# 4ccupational haJards can be controlled by a variety of

methods#
/# The (oal of contr ollin( haJards is to prevent wor*ers from
bein( exposed to occupational haJards#
0# The most effective control measure is to cont rol haJards at
the source by eliminatin( the haJa rd or by substitutin( a
haJardous chemical+ machine+ wor* process+ etc#+ with a less
dan(erous one#
1# It is impo rtant to reco (niJe haJards and heal th and safe ty
problems in the wor*place#
# There are five (eneral cate(ories of control measures,
elimination+ substitution+ en(ineerin( controls+ administrative
controls and personal protective e6uipment# 2 combination of
methods usually provides a safer and healthier wor*place
than relyin( on only one method#
D# Personal protective e6uipment should be the last choice in
control measures#
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -,

Remem)er t$e = steps to contro""ing  $@r!*
See it# 5 Identify the haJards# What is unsafe;
T$in( It# 5 )valuate the haJard# What could happen;
Do It# 5 Provide solutions to control or eliminate the haJard#
8elf5Chec* 0#"
Directions0 8earch for the ten "@! different methods used to control haJards and ris*s#
)ncircle the word& words vertically+ horiJontally+ bac*ward+ upward or downward*
E' IM I N T ION TE A A 4
AADED F  H  I  D M S O
T R T  U I O P A  & C E D O
SEAS F 4 H1T 4 T F D
SDASEDOERACNHH
T RAININ 4 F F O O O H O
T AIKE T  4 S I  I D L U
T A A F F F F&TEH T S 1 S
A OEE D UI I&H NA F ' E
N I O PSATD F H C 4 K 1
A N A T I S AS E R TUS C E
URE& O C O ' ' E D A  E
A E O U R O NA' D A EC & P
NASIA 4 H 1 ' I O ' O N I
CNENA - HAARDSMN
I A - E I N M ' -E  U I F 4
T RIS1 - B A N A - I N N E
 - E O ACR A M I ' O A H A
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING --

4peration 8heet "#"
Directions 0 2s* students to wor* in small (roups /51 persons! and thin* about specific+
possible computer laboratory or classroom haJards that could fall into the cate(ories listed in
handout below. 2llow "@ minutes#
9ebrief the activity in a lar(e (roup by as*in( the students what they thou(ht mi(ht be
haJards# Write their responses on the left side of a flipchart# 2s* the students to speculate
about the *ind of inGuries that could result from each haJard and write these on the ri(ht side
of the flipchart#
Ma*e su((estions that will control the ris* and haJards identified into an innovative and
creative way li*e poster+ brochure+ and leaflets or throu(h a >aceboo* >un Pa(e#
Handout 4+ C5-P#T$. 6B5.T5.78C6SS.55- H9.DS C5NDITI5N
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1..

•

Fin! out )y ccomp"is$ing t$e S coring Ru)ric $onest"y n! sin cere"y*
!c0it- 4 3 2 1
Iden!ying $tudents iden!y $tudents iden!y $tudents iden!y $tudents iden!y

ha8ardsand morethan5 atleast5 atleast4 !ewerthan4
%is: reasona&le9 reasona&le9 reasona&le9 reasona&le9
insigh;ul insigh;ul insigh;ul insigh;ul
&arriers,ro&lems &arriers,ro&lems &arriers,ro&lems &arriers,ro&lems
thatneedto thatneedto thatneedto thatneedto
control ha8ards controlha8ards control ha8ards control ha8ards
andris:s" andris:s" andris:s" andris:s"
3ontrolling $tudentsi den!y $tudentsi den!y $tudentsi den!y $tudentsi den!y
ha8ardsand morethan5 atleast5 atleast4 !ewerthan4
%is: reasona&le9 reasona&le9 reasona&le9 reasona&le9
insigh;ul ossi&le insigh;ul ossi&le insigh;ul ossi&le insigh;ul ossi&le
soluons,strategie soluons,strategie soluons,strategie soluons,strategie
stocontrol stocontrol stocontrol stocontrol
ha8ards and ris:s" ha8ards and ris:s" ha8ards and ris:s" ha8ards and ris:s"
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.1

Directions0 Complete the Table below by analyJin( the tas* (iven#
7our Task'
Thin* about what your first next! Gob mi(ht be in the future#
In your mind ma*e a picture of how your wor*place loo*s li*e#
Thin* about how you could answer the followin( 6uestions#
M TRIA' RUN FOR M FUTURE0 See it3 T$in( it3 Do it3
See it3 T$in( It3 Do It3
Buestions Situtions
"# 9escribe one unsafe situation you mi(ht find

at wor*#
/# Why is this a haJardous situation;
0# What inGury or health problem could result;
1# <ow can you prevent an accident from

happenin(;
Congrtu"tions3 ou !i!  gret

o)3 Rest n! re">*
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.2

REFERENCES
L4"
=ahr+ N# B#+ H8ystem 8afety )n(ineerin( and Ris* 2ssessment,
2 Practical 2pproach+ Taylor and >rancis+ "??%
http,&&www#austlii#edu#au
L4 /
http,&&www#michi(an#(ov&documents&15pub/@%ED@%0%E%#pdf
http,&&www#empf#or(&empfasis&au(@1&prop#htm
L4 0
http,&&www#la*eland#cc#il#us&
http,&&www#waset#or(&Gournals&waset&v1'&v1'5%D#pdf
http,&&www#lean*aiJen#co#u*&s5your5computer#htm
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.#

ANS-ER 1ES
'ESSON +
'O+ AND 'O5 P'AN AND PREPARE FOR TAS1S TO &E UNDERTA1EN AND
PREPARE HAND TOO'S
PRETEST
A*
"# True
/# True
0# >alse
1# True
# >alse
D# True
&*
"# 2 5 2ntistatic mat

/# C 3 Philips head screwdriver
0# = 3 <ex driver
1# 9 3 Wire cutter
# 2 3 Part retriever
D# = 3 Lint5free cloth
%# C 3 Cable ties
'# 9 3 >lat head screwdriver
?# = 3 Torx screwdriver
"@# C 3 Compressed air
SE'F,CHEC1
A*
"# True
/# True
0# >alse
1# True
# >alse
D# True
&*
"# 2ntistatic Wrist 8trap
/#
0# >lat <ead 8crewdriver
>lashli(ht
1# Lint5free Cloth
# Multimeter
D# 2ntistatic Mat
%# Philips <ead 8crewdriver
'# Part Retriever
?# Compressed 2ir
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.$

"@# Loopbac* 2dapter
""# Torx 8crewdriver
"/# TweeJers
"0# <ex 9river
"1# Needle5nose Plier
'O=* USE APPROPRIATE HAND TOO'S AND TEST EBUIPMENT
PRETEST
"# e6ualiJe
/# cloc*wise
0# countercloc*wise
1# philips
# insulator
D# four#
%# lead
'# distilled
?# isopropyl
"@# hex driver
SE'F,CHEC1
A*
"# 2ntistatic Wrist 8trap

/# Philips <ead 8crewdriver
0# <ex driver
1# TweeJers & neddle5nose pliers
# >lat <ead 8crewdriver
&*
COMPONENTSTOC'EAN C'EAN-ITH0
Computer case and outside Mild cleanin( solution and lint free cloth sample!
monitor
:eyboard Compresse! ir n! )rus$
Mouse Mi"! c"ening so"ution n! "int,#ree c"ot$
LC9 screen 'CD c"ening so"ution or !isti""e! %ter n! "int,

#ree c"ot$
CRT screen Disti""e! %ter n! "int,#ree c"ot$
<eat sin* Compresse! ir
R2M Isopropy" "co$o" n! "int,#ree c"ot$
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.%

'O4* MAINTAIN HAND TOO'S
PRETEST
"# True
/# True
0# True
1# True
# True
D# True
%# True
'# True
SE'F,CHEC1
$ood practices of proper stora(e of tools, at least /!
"# Parts should be properly stored and labeled#

/# Tools should be properly placed on the board+ and labeled# Cons ider drawin( the
shapes of the tools on the board so that they always (et put bac* in the same
position#
0# -se bins for storin( small parts#
1# Consider ma*in( an individual or individuals! responsible for the (ood maint enance
of tools and parts
=enefits of proper stora(e of tools, at least /!
"# Tools and parts are *ept in (ood condition and are easy to find
/# Costs are reduced
0# Productivity is increased because time is not lost loo*in( for tools+ parts and
e6uipment
1# Wor*shop staff develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their wor*
'ESSON 5
'O+* SE'ECT COMPONENTS TO &E MEASURED
PRETEST
"# C
/# I
0# 9
1# >
# $
D# )
%# B
'# =
?# 2
"@# <
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.&

SE'F,CHEC1
"# I
/# 9
0# >
1# $
# )
D# B
%# =
'# C
?# 2
"@# <
'O5* CARR OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CA'CU'ATION
PRETEST
"! Convert "1 to b inary number#
Ouotient Remainder
"1&/ % @
%&/ 0 "
0&/ " "
"&/ @ "
Ans%er0 +4  +++6
Chec*in(, " " " @ multiplier
' 1 / " e6uivalents

' 1 / @ results
'1/  "1
/! If a "@ := file is stored i n a " M= folder+ then approximately how many files can be
stored in that folder;
" :=  "+@/1 =ytes

"@  "+@/1  "@+/1@ bytes in a "@ := file
" M=  "+@1'+%D =ytes

"+@1'+%D & "@+/1@  "@/#1
Ans%er0 2pproximately +65 files
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.'

SE'F,CHEC1
Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary# Perform chec*in( to verify answers#
"! "?
Ouotient Remainder
"?&/ ? "
?&/ 1 "
1&/ / @
/&/ " @
"
Ans%er0 +9  +66++
Chec*in(, " @ @ " " multiplier
"D  /  "  "?
/! /'
Ouotient Remainder
/'&/ "1 @
"1&/ % @
%&/ 0 "
0&/ " "
"
Ans%er0 5:  +++66
Chec*in(, " " " @ @ multiplier
"D  '  1  /'
0! 0%
Ouotient Remainder
0%&/ "' "
"'&/ ? @
?&/ 1 "
1&/ / @
/&/ " @
"
Ans%er0 +9  +66+6+
Chec*in(, " @ @ " @ " multiplier
0/ "D ' 1 / " e6uivalents
0/  1  "  0%
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.,

'ESSON =
'O+* IDENTIF DIFFERENT 1INDS OF TECHNICA' DRA-INS*
PRETEST
"# e
/# a
0# d
1# c
# b
SE'F,CHEC1
"# b
/# a
0# d
1# c
# e
'O5* INTERPRET TECHNICA' DRA-IN*
PRETEST
SE'F,CHEC1
"# /
/# "
0# 
1# D
# 0
D# 1
'ESSON 4
'O+* IDENTIF HAARDS AND RIS1S*
PRESTEST
A*
"# b
/# a
0# d
1# c
# e
&*
"# seiri
)xample , answer may vary
/# seiton
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1.-

0# seiso
1# sei*etsu
# 8hitsu*e
SE'F,CHEC1 +*+
A*
"# T
/# >
0# T
1# >
# T
&*
"# physical haJard

/# mechanical haJard
0# chemical haJard
1# physical haJard
# electrical haJard
SE'F,CHEC1 +*5
"# b#
/# a#
0# d#
1# c#
# e#
'O5* EA'UATE HAARDS AND RIS1S*
PRETEST
"# T
/# >
0#
1# T>
# T
D# T
%# >
'# T
?# T
"@# T
COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 11.

SE'F,CHEC1
"# T
/# >
0# T
1# >
# T
D# T
%# >
'# T
?# T
'O=* CONTRO' HAARDS AND RIS1S*

PRETEST
A* &*
'. nswer may vary "# T
/# nswer may vary /# T
/. nswer may vary 0# T
0. nswer may vary 1# T
1. nswer may vary # >
SE'F,CHEC1
E ' I MI N T ION 4
M O
E O
T D
N H H
T RA I N IN 4 O O O O
I I D U
T T S S
I A E
T C 1
S U E
& D E
U E P
S I
H A  AR D S N
4
RIS1

Acknowledgement
This Learnin( Module was developed for the )xploratory Courses in Technolo(y and
Livelihood )ducation+ $rades % and ' of the : to "/ Curriculum with the assistance of the
followin( persons,
This Learnin( Module on Computer Hr!%re Servicing was developed by the followin(
personnel,
-5D#6$ (.IT$.S
RONA'DO*RAMI'O DEOERM*PASCO
9ivision ICT Coordinator ICT Coordinator
Tanauan City 9ivision Ta(um National Trade 8chool
Tanauan City 5 Re(ion I52 CalabarJon Ta(um+ 9avao del Norte 5 Re(ion XI
.$0I$($.S
I' P* CASUA
)hief E2& 2pecialist, E2&
RENA'DO S* DANTES MARIA A* ROBUE

2enior E2& 2pecialist, E2& 2enior E2& 2pecialist, E2&
&ERNADETTES*AUDILE ICTORION *MEDRANO

2enior E2& 2pecialist, E2& %rincipal 34, 2%5)672
PARA'UM AN R* 4IRON? E!*D* &RENDA &* CORPU? P$*D*

)hair, 2ub-$8 on 9 to ': for 9 to '; )urriculum
OFE'IAO*F'OLO &EATRIA*ADRIANO
5etired ssistant )hief, EE&, 5egion 34- %rincipal 34, E5472
AIDAT* A'URA DOMINACARO'INAF* CHAE

42 33, )62 %rincipal 33, <#72
D5C#-$NT5.S 8 S$C.$T.IT
PRISCI''A E* ON FREDERIC1 4* DE' ROSARIO

9 to '; 2ecretariat 7ead eacher 333, #672
EMMANUE'*DIONISIO 'M-E'P*'OPE
7ead eacher 333, =8#<2 eacher 3, =8#<2
DANTE D* ERMON LR* LOANNA 'ISA C* CARPIO

eacher3,=8#<2 eacher3,#672
Dir* IME'DA &* TAANAS

E>ecutive &irector, ?ualifications 2tandards ffice
9 to ' *earning rea eam )onvenor, *E"4E


Computer Systems Servicing Learning Module K To 12

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Computer Systems Servicing Learning Module K To 12

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Republic of the Philippines

Competency Based Curriculum

Grades 7 and Grade 8

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer Systems

"! -se hand tools.

These 4 common competencies are covered separately in 1 Lessons# 2s shown

Lesson " 3 Use Hn! Too"s

Lesson / 3Per#orm C"cu"tion n! Mensurtion

Lesson 0 3Prepre n! Interpret Tec$nic" Dr%ing

If you have 6uestions+ as* your teacher for assistance#

Use Hand Tools

LO &' !re!are hand too#s(

Bin - a container or enclosed space for storage.

Computer chassis - the enclosure that contains most of the components of

Hazards - risks; dangers.

Insulation - - - - - - a material that reduces or prevents the transmission

Nozzle - - - - - - - - -a projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a

Preventive - intended or used to prevent or hinder.

Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.

Tool - - - - - - - - - a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

Toolkit - - - - - - - a set of tools designed to be used together or for

ESD - - - - - - - - - Electrostatic discharge.

US& 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -niversal serial bus

'CD 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Li6uid crystal display

Prepre $n! too"s

What Do You Need To $now?

Information 8heet "#"

Proper too" se"ection

Prepring #or t$e ts( to )e un!ert(en inc"u!es proper too" se"ection*

COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING ,

$nvironmental Sa"ety and Health Program re%uires the "ollo&ing'

• 2ll tools be *ept in (ood condition with re(ular maintenance

)lectro58tatic 9ischar(e ()89! tools

E"ectro,Sttic Disc$rge .ESD/ Too"s

2nti5static wrist strap 3used to prevent )89 dama(e to computer

2nti5static mat 3 used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent

static electricity from buildin( up#

COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING -

>lat head screwdriver 3used to loosen or ti(hten slotted

Philips head screwdriver 3 used to loosen or ti(hten cross5

<exdriver3 sometimes called a nut driver+ is used to

Needle5nose plier 3 used to hold small parts#

TweeJers 3 used to manipulate small parts#

Part retriever 3 used to retrieve parts from location that are

>lashli(ht 3 used to li(ht up areas that you cannot see

Cable ties 3 used to bundle cables neatly inside and

Parts or(aniJer 3 used to hold screw+ Gumpers+ fasteners

Multimeter3 used to test the inte(rity of circuits and the

Loopbac*2dapter3 used to testthefunctionalityof

COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 12

Re#er to t$e Ans%er 1ey* -$t is your score2

COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1$

2ctivity 8heet "#"

Direction0 Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintainin( and cleanin( a personal

COMPONENTSTOC'EAN SCHEDU'E Too"stouse

Computer case and outside 9aily sample!

2ctivity 8heet "#/

(he teacher will provide the tools for classification!

COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1%

Fin! out )y ccomp"is$ing t$e Scoring Ru)ric $onest"y n! sincere"y*

SCORIN RU&RICS0 #or Activity S$eet +*5

COMPUTER ()R*+)RE SERVICING 1&

Use pproprite $n! too"s n! test e<uipment

"# Tools are used accordin( to tass undertaen#

"# Tools used are accordin( to tass undertaen#