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Data Interpretation PDF
Data Interpretation PDF
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QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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Data Interpretation
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Data Interpretation is one of the easy putting them to use directly with com-
sections of one day competitive Examinations. mon sense.
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It is an extension of Mathematical skill and 4 . Breakdown lengthy questions into smaller
accuracy. Data interpretation is nothing but parts and eliminate impossible choices.
drawing conclusions and inferences from a 5 . Use only the information given and your
comprehensive data presented numerically in
knowledge of everyday facts, such as the
on
tabular form by means of an illustration, viz.
number of hours in a day, to answer
Graphs, Pie Chart etc. Thus the act of the questions based on tables and
organising and interpreting data to get mean-
graphs.
ingful information is Data Interpretation.
6 . Answer the questions asked and not what
A good grasp of basic geometric as well
you think the questions should be.
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as arithmetic formulae is must to score high
in this section. Familiarity with graphical rep- 7 . Be careful while dealing with units.
resentation of data like Venn diagrams, graphs, 8 . To make reading easier and to avoid er-
pie charts, histogram, polygon etc. should be rors observe graphs keeping them
thought. Once the data are grasped well, ques- straight.
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tions based on tables and graphs take little 9 . Be prepared to apply basic mathematical
time. rules, principles and formulae.
In some competitive examinations data 1 0 . Since one of the major benefits of graphs
are presented in more than one table or graphs. and tables is that they present data in a
The aim is to test not only quantitative skill form that enables you to readily make
but also relative, comparative and analytical comparisons, use this visual attribute of
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ability. The crux of the matter is to find a rela- graphs and tables to help you answer the
tionship between the two tables or graphs questions. Where possible, use your eyes
before attempting the questions. instead of your computational skills.
Some Useful tips: Tables
1 . Data Interpretation questions are based Tables are often used in reports, maga-
on information given in tables and graphs. zines and newspaper to present a set of
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These questions test your ability to inter- numerical facts. They enable the reader
pret the information presented and to to make comparisons and to draw quick
select the appropriate data for answer- conclusions. It is one of the easiest and
ing a question. most accurate ways of presenting data.
2 . Get a general picture of the information They require much closer reading than
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before reading the question. Read the graphs of charts and hence are difficult
given titles carefully and try to under- and time consuming to interpret.
stand its nature. One of the main purposes of tables is to
3 . Avoid lengthy calculations generally, data make complicated information easier to
interpretation questions do not require to understand. The advantage of presenting
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do extensive calculations and computa- data in a table is that one can see the
tions. Most questions simply require read- information at a glance.
ing the data correctly and carefully and While answering questions based on
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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tables, carefully read the table title and Solved Examples
the column headings. The title of the table
gives you a general idea of the type and I. Directions (Qs. 1-5) study the following
table and answer the questions given
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often the purpose of the information pre-
sented. The column headings tell you the below it.
specific kind of information given in that Production of sugar by six major production
column. Both the table title and the col- units of India in Million Tonnes
umn headings are usually very straight PRODUCTION UNITS
Z.
forward.
Month A B C D E F
Graphs
April 310 180 169 137 140 120
There may be four types of graphs.
May 318 179 177 162 140 122
on
1) Circle Graphs: Circle graphs are used to
show how various sectors are in the Jun e 320 160 188 173 135 130
whole. Circle graphs are sometimes July 326 167 187 180 146 130
called Pie Charts. Circle graphs usually
August 327 150 185 178 145 128
give the percent that each sector receives
1 . In which month the unit B has a contribu-
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In such representation the total quantity
in question is distributed over a total tion of approximately 15% in the total sugar
angle of 360°. production?
While using circle graphs to find ratios a) August b) Jun e
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of various sectors, don't find the c) July d) April
amounts each sector received and then
2 . Which of the following units shows con-
the ratio of the amounts. Find the ratio
tinuous increase in production of sugar over
of the percents, which is much quicker.
months?
2) Line Graphs: Line graphs are used to
a) A b) B
show how a quantity changes continu-
c) C d) D
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4) Cumulative Graphs : You can compare 5 . What was approximate percentage de-
several catagories by a graph of the crease in sugar production of unit B in June as
cumulative type. These are usually bar compared to April?
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QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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Ans: 180 160 20
1. (c) Total production in April = 100 x 100
180 180
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= 310+180+169+137+140+120=1056 = 11.11% 10%
15 II. Directions (Qs. 6-10): Study the following
15% of 1056 = x 1056 158.4
100 graph carefully and answer the questions given
below it:
Total Production in June
Z.
1 2 0 0 __________________________________A
= 320+160+188+173+135+130
1 1 5 0 __________________________________
B
= 1106
1 1 0 0 __________________________________
15
on
PRICE IN RS
15% 1106 = x 1106 165.9 1 0 5 0 __________________________________
100
Total production in July 1 0 0 0 __________________________________
= 326+167+187+146+130=1136 9 5 0 __________________________________
9 0 0 __________________________________
15% of 1136 =
15
100
x 1136 170.4
production.
7 . What was the difference in average price
2 . a) Unit A shows continuous increase in between commodity A and B from April to
production of sugar over months. August?
3 . d) In Unit E, the pair of months that a) 86 b) 7 5
shows equal sugar production is April and May. a) 95 d) 8 5
4 . a) Total Production in June =
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a) 1 5 b) 2 0 d) 1 7 d) 1 0
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III Directions (11-15): Study the following
Ans 6 (b).The price of commodity A in April
graph carefully and answer the questions given
= 1000 below it.
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The price of commodity B in April PRODUCTION OF FOODGRAIN OVER THE
= 1150 YEARS (1000 TONNES)
Difference = 1150 - 1000 = 150 130
7) (b). Average price of commodity A from 120
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110
April to August
100
1000 1050 975 900 1000 80
= 65
5
on
4925
= 985
5 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Average price of commodity B from
11) In the case of how many years was the
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April to August production below the average production of
the given years?
1150 1100 1100 1000 950
= a) one b) t w o
5
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c) three d) four
5300
= 1060 12) What was the percentage drop in produc-
5 tion from 1996 to 1997?
Difference = 1060 - 985 = 75 a) 100 b) 5 0
8)(c) Price of commodity A in April = 1000 c) 65 d) 4 0
Price of commodity A in August = 1000 13) In which year was the production 50%of
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Therefore, in April - August the price of the total production in 1993 and 1998 together
commodity A was same. a) 1994 b) 1 9 9 5
9)(d) Price of commodity A in March = 1125 c) 1996 d) 1 9 9 7
Price of commodity A in April = 1000 1 4 . If the production in 1999 will be above
the average production of the given years,
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Decrease
which of the following could be the minimum
1125 1000 125 production for 1999?
= 100 x 100
a) 1 0 50 0 0 b) 1 2 00 0 0
1125 1125
= 11.11% 12% c) 1 0 09 0 0 d) 1 3 00 0 0
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1000
150 x100
= 15%
1000
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Ans:- IV. Directions (Qs. 16-20):- Study the follow-
11.(c) Average production ing graph carefully and answer the questions
given below it:
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80 110 100 130 65 120 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF A
=
6 COMPANY OVER THE YEARS
(In lakhs Rupees)
605
= INCOME
6
Z.
EXPENDITURE
= 100.833 thousand tonnes
= 100900 tonnes 60 60
60
ie. production in 1993, 1995 and 1997
on
50
was below the average.
40 40
12.(b) Production in 1996 = 130 thousand 40
Rupees in Lakhs
35
tonnes. 30 30 30
Production in 1997 = 65 thousand tonnes
20
130 65
decrease= 130 100
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65 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
= x100 = 50%
130 Years
13.(b). Total production in 1993 and 1998 1 6 . What was the difference in profit between
= 80+120 = 200 1995 and 1996?
a) Rs. 10 lakhs b) Rs. 5 lakhs
50
x 200 100
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c) three d) four
1999 will be 100900 tonnes
1 8 . What was the percentage increase in
15.(b). Production in 1993 = 80 thousand tonnes. expenditure from 1996 to 1997?
Production in 1994 = 110 thousand tonnes 1
a) 10 b) 33
Increase 3
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2
110 80 30 c) 66 d) 2 0
= 100 x 100 40% 3
80 80
1 9 . The income in 1996 was equal to the
expenditure of which of the following years?
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a) 1994 b) 1 9 9 5
c) 1997 d) 1 9 9 8
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2 0 . In which of the following years was the a) Rs. 2500000 b) Rs. 3750000
profit the maximum? c) Rs. 5000000 d) Rs. 6000000
a) 1 9 9 4 b) 1 9 9 5 2 2 . Out of the following, the country spent
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c) 1 9 9 6 d) 1 9 9 8 the same amount on
Ans:- a) Hockey and Tennis
16.(a).Profit in 1995 = 50-30=Rs. 20 lakhs b) Golf and foot ball
Profit in 1996 = 40-30 = Rs. 10 lakhs
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c) Cricket and Foot ball
Difference in profit=20-10=Rs. 10 lakhs
d) Football and Hockey
17.(c) Average income
2 3 . Pie-chart shows that the most popular
30 50 40 60 60 240 game of the country is (on the basis of money
on
= = 48
5 5 spent)
Therefore in 1995, 1997 and 1998, the a) Cricket b) Foot ball
income is more than the average income c) Basket ball d) Hockey
18.(b) Expenditure in 1996 = Rs. 30 lakh 2 4 . The ratio of the total amount spent on
Expenditure in 1997 = Rs. 40 lakh
Increase
40 30
= 100
10 1
x100 33 %
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football to that spent on hockey is
a)
c)
1: 15
15 : 1
b) 1: 1
d) 3: 20
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30 30 3 2 5 . If the total amount spent on sports dur-
ing the year was Rs. 12000000, how much
19.(c) The income in 1996 was equal to the
was spent on basket ball?
expenditure in 1997 ie Rs. 40 lakhs.
20.(d) The profit is maximum in the year a) Rs. 950000 b) Rs. 1000000
19 98 . c) Rs. 1200000 d) Rs. 1500000
V. Directions (Qs. 21-25) The pie-chart Ans:-
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Ho ckey
12000000 x12.5
=
15% 100
= Rs. 1500000
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QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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PRACTICE TEST Directions (Qs. 6-10) : Study the following table
Directions (Qs. 1-5) The table below gives the carefully and answer the questions given
production capacity (in thousands units) and below it.
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the percent utilisation in respect of three prod- NUMBER OF STUDENTS WHO GO ABROAD
ucts (A,B and C) over five years for an FOR STUDY
organisation. Study the table carefully and
answer the questions that follow. St ate /U. T. Year
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Z.
Product
Total M a h a r a sh tr a 732 840 900 920 925
Y ea r A B C Capacity
Capacity Utilisation Capacity Utilisation Capacity Utilisation ( A + B + C ) Ker a la 1035 94 0 1200 1400 1500
1993 17 0 70% 28 75% 240 40% 438 Ka rna ta k a 750 600 830 575 900
on
1994 20 0 63% 35 60% 260 40% 495 West Bengal 500 550 450 600 525
1995 20 0 65% 30 80% 270 40% 500 Delhi 1500 1625 1700 1475 1800
1996 21 0 60% 40 50% 260 45% 510 Andhra pradesh 800 840 875 925 785
1997 22 5 60% 40 55% 260 50% 525 T otal 5308 5395 5955 5895 6434
a) 5% b) 1 0 %
c) 15% d) 2 0 % 1
a) 25 b) 33
3 . In which of the following years was the 3
production of product A the maximum for all 2
c) 50 d) 66
period shown? 3
a) 1993 b) 1 9 9 7 8 . In the case of which State/ U.T. was
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c) 34 , 6 00 d) 28 , 8 00 d) West Bengal
5 . In which of the following years was the 9 . In the case of which State/U.T. was there
production of product C the minimum for the a continuous increase in the number of stu-
period shown? dents over the given years?
a) 1997 b) 1 9 9 4 a) Delhi
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c) 1993 d) 1 9 9 6 b) Maharashtra
c) Andhra Pradesh
d) Karnataka
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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1 0 . In which year did Kerala contribute ap- a) 1990 b) 1 9 9 1
proximately one-fifth of the total number of
students in that year? c) 1992 d) 1 9 9 3
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Direction (Qs. 11-15): Study the following table carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
NUMBER OF CANDIDATES APPEARED AND QUALIFIED UNDER
VARIOUS DISCIPLINES IN AN EXAMINATION OVER THE YEARS
Z.
ARTS SCIENCE COMMERCE AGRICULTURE ENGGINEERING TOTAL
YEAR
App. Qual. App. Qual. App. Qual. App. Qual. App. Qual. App. Qual.
on
1992 850 200 1614 402 750 212 614 170 801 270 4629 1254
1993 1214 315 1826 420 800 220 580 150 934 350 5354 1455
1994 975 250 1970 500 860 260 624 160 742 300 5171 1470
1995
1996
1997
820
1412
738
196 1560
378 2120
359 3506
450
625 1105
880 1240
842
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300
320
308
490
760
640
160
200
210
850
642
962
312
301
400
4562
6039
7086
1418
1824
2157
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1 1 . In which of the following disciplines was percentage of qualified to the appeared ones
there a continuous increase in the number of in engineering discipline the maximum?
candidates appeared over the given years?
a) 1994 b) 1 9 9 5
a) Agriculture b) Arts c) 1997 d) 1 9 9 6
c) Science d) None
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3 0 __________________________________
a) 4 0 0 b) 2 0 0
c) 1 0 0 d) 2 0 2 5 __________________________________
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a) 1993 b) 1 9 9 4 5 __________________________________
c) 1995 d) 1 9 9 6
0 __________________________________
1 5 . In which of the following years was the
1984 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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1 6 . What was the percentage increase in the 2 1 . In which of the following years was the
production of C type vehicles from 1985 to difference between the income and the ex-
1986? penditure the maximum?
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a) 1 0 b) 5 a) 1988 b) 1 9 9 1
c) 2 0 d) None of these
c) 1986 d) 1 9 8 7
1 7 . The number of A type vehicles produced
in 1986 was what percent of the number of C 2 2 . The income in 1987 was equal to the
type vehicles produced in 1988? expenditure in which of the following years?
Z.
1 2
a) 33 b) 66 a) 1985 only b) 1990 only
3 3
c) 5 0 d) 1 5 c) 1985, 1989 and 1991
1 8 . In how many years was the production d) 1988 and 1989
of A type vehicles less than its average pro- 2 3 . What was the approximate percentage
on
duction over the given years? drop in expenditure from 1988 to 1989?
a) 2 b) 4 a) 35 b) 2 5 c) 7 5 d) 4 0
c) 3 d) 1 2 4 . What was the percentage increase in in-
1 9 . What was average number of B type ve- come from 1987 to 1988?
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hicles produced by the company over the
year s? a) 175 b) 7 5 c) 6 0 d) 1 2 5
a) 20 , 0 00 b) 25 , 0 00 2 5 . In how many of the given years was the
c) 15 , 0 00 d) 30 , 0 00 expenditure more than the income?
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2 0 . In which of the following years was the a) 1 b) 3 c) 4 d) 2
total production of all the three types of ve- Directions (26-30)
hicles 60,000?
The pie chart given below shows the expen-
a) 1 9 8 5 b) 1 9 8 6
diture incurred in bringing out a book, by a
c) 1 9 8 7 d) 1 9 8 8 publisher.
Directions (Qs. 21 - 25) : Study the following
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45 Roya lty us
8%
10%
40
35 Study the graph and answer the questions
30 given below:
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10
5 a) Rs. 6500 b) Rs. 2340
1985 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 c) Rs. 4680 d) Rs. 7840
0 YEAR
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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2 8 . If miscellaneous expenditures amount to teins in bones?
Rs. 18000, the expenditure on canvassing will a) 1: 2 b) 2: 1 c) 18 : 1 d) 1: 18
be:
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3 2 . What percent to the total weight of the
a) Rs. 8000 b) Rs. 14400 human body is equivalent of the weight of the
c) Rs. 46800 d) Rs. 40500 skin in the human body?
2 9 . Royalty on the book is less than canvass- a) 0.016 b) 1.6 c) 0 . 1 6
ing expenditure by: d) Insufficient information
Z.
a) 8% b) 8 0 % 3 3 . To show the distribution of proteins and
4 other dry elements in the human body, the arc
c) 44 % d) None of the circle should subtend at the centre an
9
angle of
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3 0 . If 5500 copies are published and miscel- a) 1 2 6 ° b) 5 4 ° c) 1 0 8 ° d) 2 5 2 °
laneous expenditures amount to Rs. 36960 and
the marked price is 40% above cost price, then 3 4 . What will be the quantity of water in the
the marked price of each copy is: body of a person weighing 50 kg?
a) 35 kg b) 120 kg
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a) Rs. 122.50 b) Rs. 117.60
c) Rs. 126.40 d) Rs. 92.40 c) 71.42 kg d) 20 kg
Directions (31-35) 3 5 . What part of the human body is made of
neither bones nor skin?
Study the following graphs carefully and
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answer the questions that follow: 2 11 1 3
a) b) c) d)
Distribution of proteins in human body. 5 15 40 80
Directions (36-40) Study the following graph
carefully and answer the questions given be-
1/3 low
muscl e Sk in
India's Export of rice over the years (in lakh
8A
1/10
H or m o ne s 40 tonnes)
bones
enzymes and
1/6
other proteins 35
30 28 27
Graph - I 25 26
25
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ments 14 %
Water 70%
5
3 1 . What is the ratio of distribution of pro- 3 6 . What was the percentage increase in
teins in the muscles to the distribution of pro- export of rice from 1991 to 1992?
a) 30 b) 2 0 c) 1 5 d) 2 5
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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3 7 . The total export of rice in 1994 was what a) 80, 00, 0 00 b) 8, 00, 000
percent of the total export in the year 1991 c) 8, 00, 00, 000 d) None
and 1993? 4 3 . What was the approximate percentage
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a) 60 b) 5 0 c) 3 0 d) 4 0 drop in export quantity from 1983 to 1984?
3 8 . What was the percentage drop in the a) 22 b) 1 8 c) 4 0 d) 8 2
export of rice in the year 1994 as compared 4 4 . If in 1987 the garments were exported
to the year 1993? at the same rate per piece as that in 1985,
Z.
a) 25 b) 3 0 c) 3 5 d) 2 0 what could be the approximate value in crores
of rupees of exports in 1987?
3 9 . In how many years the export of rice
were less than the average export in the given a) 1040 b) 7 2 6
year s? c) 934 d) 7 3 2
on
a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 d) 5 4 5 . In which of the given years the value per
4 0 . In which of the following pair of years piece was minimum?
the difference in export is maximum? a) 1987 b) 1 9 8 4
a) 199 3-19 97 b) 199 4-19 96 c) 1985 d) 1 9 8 6
c) 199 1-19 93 d) 199 2-19 94
Directions (41-45) Study the following graph
carefully and answer the questions given be- iti
Directions (46-50) Study the following graph
carefully and answer the following questions.
Demand and Production of Colour T.V.s of
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low it. Five Companies for October 1988
India's garment exports Production Demand
(Quantity in lakh pieces) 3300
(Value in Rs. Crores.) 3 00 0 2700
590 2500
Quantity, Value 550 2 20 0
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18 00
450 1500 1200
420 1000
400
390
600
260
Gr
220 210
180
A B C D E
Companies
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 4 6 . What is the ratio of companies having
w.
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
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4 8 . The production of company D is approxi- 5 1 . In which standard is the difference be-
mately how many times that of the produc- tween the results of girls and boys maximum?
tion of the company A? a) V b) VII
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a) 1.8 b) 1 . 5 c) 2 . 5 d) 1 . 1 1 c) X d) VIII
4 9 . The demand for company `B' is approxi- 5 2 . In which standard is the result of boys
mately what percent of the demand for com- more than the average result of the girls?
pany `C'? a) VII b) IX
Z.
a) 4 b) 2 4 c) 2 0 d) 6 0 c) VI d) VIII
5 0 . If company `A' desire to meet the de- 5 3 . In which pair of standards are the results
mand by purchasing surplus T.V. sets from a of girls and boys in inverse proportion?
single company, which one of the following
on
companies can meet the need adequately? a) V&X b) VI & IX
a) B b) C c) D c) VI & VIII d) V & IX
d) None of these 5 4 . In which standard is the result of the girls
less than the average result of the boys of the
Directions (51-55)
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school?
Study the following graph and answer the a) IX b) VIII
questions given
c) VI d) VII
Result of Annual Examination In a High School
5 5 . In which standard is the failure of girls
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result of boys result of girls
90 lowest?
80 80 80 a) IX b) VII
70 70 70 c) VIII d) V
60 60 60 60
8A
40
Legend
V VI VII VIII IX X
Gr
Standard
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