Trends2 ANK SBCat 16615

Topic Vocabulary: Crim e
(page 4)
3 Synonyms
READING dull, boring; rude, impolite; gadget, device;
trade, exchange; dangerous, risky
1 01|02 Antonyms
Possible Answers
dull, entertaining; boring, entertaining;
The main difference is that British sixth formers only lend, borrow; out of shape, fit
take three or four subjects whereas in our country we
have to take nine or ten subjects. British sixth formers 4 1. go trekking, go viral
select the subjects they want to study. 2. take part, take a risk
2 1. The purpose of the website is to provide sixth- 3. keep alive, keep fit
formers enrolled at Renford with some helpful 4. news bulletin, news source
information about their next one or two school 5. make a reservation, make money
years at this institution. 6. post an update, post a comment
2. First, students will be studying subjects intensively
for their final exams, which are really hard. Second, 5 front page body language
students will have more homework and tasks. traditional dish window display
3. Sixth-formers can relax or do homework in the search engine seriously injured
common room, which is a special room with chairs, live broadcast burglar alarm
tables and computers that they can use when worth seeing user friendly
they’ve got some free time.
4. The National Space Centre is mentioned in the 6 1. front page
School Trips section because this year the school 2. worth seeing
has already planned a school trip there in May for 3. body language
the physics students. 4. user friendly
5. To keep fit, sixth-formers could join the rock 5. seriously injured
climbing club or the dance club. 6. live broadcast
3 1. Some students might feel that a one-month holiday 7 Possible Answers
is not long enough. (lines 2-3)
1. With fair skin like yours, you shouldn’t spend much
2. You should choose subjects you enjoy because time in the sun.
you’ll be much more motivated if you’re really
2. We couldn’t stop laughing while she was telling us
interested in your subjects. (lines 17-19)
her hilarious story.
3. When they aren’t in lessons, students can meet with
3. If something gives you a thrill, it’s exciting.
friends, read or do their homework. (lines 30-33)
4. When you have an open mind, you are really
4. There’s a trip to Paris for students who study
interested in new ideas.
French. (lines 40-42).
5. If you buy something at half-price, you pay 50%
5. Jewellery Making is an example of the after school
less.
activities available at Renford. (lines 45-54).
6. A safe is used to keep money and jewels.
7. A challenge is something that’s difficult to do.
(page 5) 8. I’ve run out of milk. There is no milk in the fridge.
Vocabulary 9. As people grow up, they get older.
10. Something that improves gets better.
1 Money: bargain, cheque, afford, earn
Celebrations: fireworks, guest, wedding, parade (page 6)
Newspapers: scoop, the press, tabloid, publish
Crime: thief, witness, robbery, suspect 8 1. No, she isn’t. She’s outgoing.
2. No, I’m afraid you can’t. You have to pay in cash.
2 1. slim (it describes appearance not personality) 3. Absolutely. It was breathtaking.
2. widespread (it doesn’t describe geographical 4. No, I didn’t. He was masked.
features)
5. No, I don’t. I’m sure he’s telling the truth.
3. innovative (it does not have a negative prefix)
6. Definitely. It was the biggest box office hit in years.
4. custom (it is not related to films)
7. Not really. Actually, he has put on some weight
5. use a landline phone (it’s not related to the Internet) lately.
8. No, they didn’t. Unfortunately, the thief managed to
get away.
Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

1
Student' s BOOK answer key
9 1. after 6. into 4 1. am trying 7. did … call

2. down 7. on 2. need 8. Do … go
3. on 8. out 3. am not doing 9. wasn’t sleeping
4. back 9. by 4. are … having 10. don’t usually fall asleep
5. back 10. out 5. wasn’t listening 11. didn’t hear
6. called
10 1. worried 5. disapprove
2. impatient 6. challenging 5 1. although he usually leaves much later.
3. predictable 7. unwilling 2. and he arrived before all his friends.
4. hopeful 8 creative 3. while we were having breakfast.
4. and now he’s studying for his biology exam.
11 1. waiting 5. to feed
5 but I didn’t see him leave.
2. to buy 6. to publish
6. but he isn’t coming home until 7 o’clock in the
3. taking part 7. watching evening.
4. Texting 8. to pay out
(page 8)
(page 7)
GRAMMAR PERFECT SIMPLE tenses

1 had returned: Past Perfect Simple
PRESENT tenses ’ve been, ’ve travelled: Present Perfect Simple
1 take place, includes: Present Simple 2 1. ’ve travelled
are having, are getting together: Present Continuous 2. ’ve been
2 1. includes 3. are having 3. had returned
2. take place 4. are getting together
3 Because understand is a stative verb and stative verbs FUTURE Tenses
are usually not used in any continuous tense. Instead, 3 1. ’ll call (Future Simple)
simple tenses must be used.
2. are we going to do (be going to)
3. ’ll have thought (Future Perfect)
Past tenses
4. isn’t going to be easy (be going to)
4 gave: Past Simple 5. ’ll be waiting (Future Continuous)
were discussing, were talking: Past Continuous 6. ‘ll think (Future Simple)
5 1. gave 3. were discussing
2. were talking 6 1. haven’t learnt
2. hadn’t completed
1 1. Alice studies French every day. 3. had solved
2. Alice and her brother study French every day.
4. Have .. chosen
3. Alice and her brother speak French every day.
5. hasn’t had
4. Alice and her brother are speaking French now.
6. Had … checked
5. Alice’s mother is speaking French now.
6. Does Alice’s mother often speak French? 7 1. d are … going to cook
7. Do Alice and her mother often speak French? 2. f ’ll be
8. Are Alice and her mother speaking French at the 3. a is going to meet
moment? 4. c ’ll turn on
2 1. Did you and your family go on holiday last summer? 5. b won’t buy
2. What were you doing at 7 this morning? 6. e ’re going to rebuild
3. Was the sun shining when you woke up?
4. What time did you leave for school?
8 1. By 2050, books will have disappeared from the
classroom.
5. How did you get to school?
2. Will you be waiting in the library at 4.00?
6. What were you thinking about while you were going
3. I can’t meet at 6.00. I won’t have finished my
to school?
homework by then.
3 Possible Answers 4. Within the next few years, computer games will
1. Yes, we did. We travelled to Asturias. have become part of every lesson.
2. I was sleeping in bed. 5. More and more students will be studying online
3. Yes, it was. during the coming years.
4. I left for school at quarter to eight.
5. I walked to school.
6. I was thinking about the argument I had yesterday
with my best friend.

2
9 01|03
1. didn’t know
2. have introduced
3. hold
4. are spending
5. went
6. had seen
7. ’ll have / ’m going to have
8. are going to enjoy / will be enjoying
(page 9)
CO
MMUNICATION
listening
1 01|04
1. brother 3. about two weeks
2. train, boat 4. pub
2 01|05
1. d 2. b
3 01|06
1. True 5. False
2. False 6. True
3. False 7. False
4. False
speaking
4 1. when greeting someone

f. How’ve you been?
h. I haven’t seen you for ages.
i. How are you doing?
2. when discussing the summer holidays
a. And what about you – how was your summer?
b. Did you do anything exciting over the summer?
d. How long were you there for?
e. Did you have a good time?
j. How was it?
3. when saying goodbye
c. See you later.
g. I’ve got to run.
5 Possible answers
1. How are you doing?
2. How’ve you been?
3. Did you do anything exciting over the summer?
4. How long were you there for?
5. And what about you – how was your summer?
6. Did you have a good time?
7. I’ve got to run.
8. See you later.

3
1
(page 10) 2 Identifying Fact and Opinion

1. Opinion (The verb believes helps us understand
Getting Started this statement is someone’s opinion.)
1 Picture A 2. Fact (The reference to academic achievement
Queen Elizabeth II (centre) is the mother of Prince exams helps us understand this statement must
Charles (left) and the grandmother of Prince William be a fact.)
(right).
Picture B
3 01|08 true / false questions
1. True 3. True 5. False
President Barack Obama (above) and a younger
Obama (below) appears with his maternal 2. True 4. False 6. True
grandparents, Madelyn (right) and Stanley Dunham
(left). (page 13)
Picture C
Twin sisters Daida and Iballa Ruano Moreno 4 1. d 2. b
(windsurfing world champions).
5 1. In their free time, Sophia and Lulu had to study
Picture D and do their homework after their music
Country singer Billy Ray Cyrus (left) is the father of lessons. (lines 5-6)
Miley Cyrus (right). 2. Amy Chua probably brought up her daughters
in the same way as her Chinese parents had
(page 11) brought her up. (lines 13-15)
3. Chinese students got the best marks in an exam

T OPIC Vocabulary given to over 500,000 teenage students in 65
Growing Up countries. (lines 39-41)
4. According to Arabella L, if children are more
2 Possible Answers independent, they’ll learn to make their own
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C decisions. (lines 46-48)
3 Pairs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 6 1. was in charge of (line 2)
2. emphasises (line 20)
listening
3. give up (line 24)
4 01|07 4. excels at (line 36)
1. False. They’re always telling her how she should 5. get into (line 43)
spend her free time. 6. glad (line 50)
2. True
3. False. Gemma looks up to her sister but is not like
Common Words
her.
4. True 1. b 2. a 3. c
5. True
7 Possible Answer
5 Gemma mentions that Jo is smart, fun and easy to I wouldn’t like to have Tiger parents. It must be
talk to. terrible to feel that you’re loved by your parents only
if you live up to their standards.
(page 12) trends
READING Accept all logical answers.
1 Possible Answer (page 14)

I don’t think parents control teenagers enough
because parents are often too tired when they come Topic Vocabulary
home from work and they just don’t want to argue Education
with their teenage kids at the end of the day.
I feel some parents try to control their kids too 1 1. the US 5. dishonest
much. They want to know everything about their 2. upset 6. Chinese
lives in order to protect them but don’t give them the 3. confident 7. laboratories
opportunity to work things out themselves.
4. university 8. a diploma

4
2 1. requirement 5. feedback 9 01|10

2. sign up for 6. revise 1. b 2. c
3. lectures 7. pass 10
01|11
4. hand in 8. Tuition fees 1. False. The speaker wasn’t sure what he wanted to
study at university.
Places at 2. True
3 School Subjects Equipment
School
Teachers
3. True
physics whiteboard gym professor
4. False. A lot of these courses are free.
chemistry tablet library headteacher
information and laptop staffroom lecturer 5. False. He is considering doing an Introduction to
communication Statistics.
technology
(ICT) 11 01|12
1. positive
2. prize
Suffixes 3. an answer
4. each other
4 Nouns
weakness (state of not being strong)
hardship (difficult or unpleasant conditions of life) (page 16)
assignment (work or task assigned to someone)
GRAMMAR
generosity (the quality of being helpful and kind-
hearted)
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS
attendance (number of people at an event) PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS
Adjectives: 1. ’ve learned (Present Perfect Simple)
financial (relating to money or how money is 2. ’ve been doing (Present Perfect Continuous)
managed) 3. hadn’t studied (Past Perfect Simple)
impressive (extraordinary because important or 4. ’d been failing (Past Perfect Continuous)
special)
various (many different)
1 1. had established, 1st
2. had taken care, 19th
worthless (having no value in money)
3. has been, 70
sensitive (easily upset by the things people do or say)
4. 1920, hadn’t permitted
suitable (adequate and acceptable)
5. 1986, haven’t allowed
5 Nouns Adjectives 2 1. had been working

educate education, educator educated, educational 2. have been taking
demand demand demanding 3. had … been waiting
apply application, applicant applied 4. hasn’t been coming
concern concern concerning, concerned 5. has … been studying; hasn’t been studying
6. Had … been teaching
assess assessment, assessor assessable
doubt doubt, doubter doubtful, doubtless 3 1. Julia is doing a project on the history of pop music
excel excellence excellent
so she has been reading articles about the topic.
2. I’ve got an English exam tomorrow, so I have been
neighbour neighbourhood neighbouring, neighbourly
revising all afternoon.
3. The teacher finally succeeded in opening the
(page 15) classroom door after she had been trying for ten
minutes.
6 1. demanding (S) 5. excellence (T) 4. Since Alex studied yoga in India, he has been
2. educational (T) 6. neighbourhood (S) practising it every day.
3. assessment (P) 7. concerned (P) 5. Before he gave his first concert, Jake had been
4. doubtful (P) 8. application (T) playing the violin for five years.
listening
(page 17)
7 Possible Answers
We use tablets, laptops, projectors, speakers and
4 1. have opened, E-Books for University Students
whiteboards. They’re really helpful because they 2. hadn’t finished, Oldest Student
make lessons more appealing. Whiteboards also make 3. have registered, Biggest School
participation and interaction in class easier than ever. 4. has been solving, Young Genius
5. had been complaining, Teens Wake Up Later
8 01|09
6. had cheated, University Scandal
1. d 2. a 3. b

5
5 1. wrong (has been teaching) 5 A

2. correct 2. I’m interested in the Italian Chef Course. Can
3. wrong (had been studying) you give me some general information about the
4. wrong (have written) course?
5. correct B
6. wrong (have been studying) a. Not at all. It’s £50.
b. The first lecture is on 15th January and the course
6 01|13 is five weeks long.
1. have been creating 5. hadn’t known d. You’ll have to prepare four Italian meals and that
2. had had 6. has … used will take you about seven hours.
3. had been living 7. hasn’t found e. The course is for beginners and you’ll learn
4. had explained 8. have become traditional Italian cooking for beginners.
g. Well, it’s less expensive than a university
Grammar Challenge course but students have to be able to study
1. I’ve never taken / done an online course (before). independently when they’re studying on their
2. After Alice had had dinner, she revised for own.
her test.
3. I’ve been going to secondary school for two Speaking Strategy
years. / I’ve been at secondary school for two
years. I wonder if you can help me.
4. How long has the teacher been talking? Could you tell me where the course begins and how
5. By the time I arrived, Jack had been sleeping for long it lasts?
an hour.
Task
(page 18)
Possible Answer
COMMUNICATION Student A: Good morning. I wonder if you can help
Asking for Information me.
Student B: I’ll certainly try. What information do you
1 1. Registration at WebAcademy is free. need?
2. In the course information section. Student A: I’m interested in the Introduction to
3. The week’s lecture can be watched whenever it Computer Science Course. Can you give
suits students. me some general information about the
4. In online chat rooms and student forums. course?
5. Hundreds. Student B: The course is for beginners and you’ll
learn the essential ideas of computer
trends science.
Student A: Could you tell me when the course begins
Possible Answers and how long it lasts?
Advantages Student B: The first lecture is on 8th November and
Students have the chance to study in their own time. the course is 30 weeks long.
With basically an Internet connection, one person can Student A: What can you tell me about the course
attend several courses. requirements?
Disadvantages Student B: You’ll have to complete nine assignments
Online learning is impersonal. and that will take you about six hours a
There is no social interaction. week.
Student A: I see. And would you mind telling me how
2 01|14 much the course costs?
1. She’s interested in the Writing in English course. Student B: Not at all. It’s £255. It’s not expensive.
2. It lasts for five weeks. Student A: I have one last question. Perhaps you
3. Five essays. could explain some of the advantages and
4. You can work in the comfort of your own room or disadvantages of doing an online course?
office. Student B: It’s less expensive than a university course
5. Some students feel isolated because they only talk to and you can study in your own time.
other students on the Internet. However, students have to be good at
managing time.
3 Access the website and open an account. Student A: Thank you so much. You’ve been very
helpful.
(page 19)
speaking
4 1. c 2. e 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. g 7. f 8. -

6
(page 20) (page 21)

W RITING Despite, In spite of, Although, Even though
A For and Against Essay
1. Although / Even though
1 1. Paragraph 4 3. Paragraph 3
2. despite / in spite of
2. Paragraph 1 4. Paragraph 2
5 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b
2 1. Paragraph 3 4. Paragraph 4
2. Paragraph 1 5. Paragraph 2 6 1. While 4. In addition
3. Paragraph 2 2. Even though 5. as well as
3. On the other hand
3 We often use the Present Simple as well as modals to
present the arguments and the writer’s opinion. 7 Possible Answers
These students feel that they can get a better 1. It was difficult for me to study alone. Furthermore,
education abroad than at a local university. I needed a teacher who would explain what I
(paragraph 1) didn’t understand.
Many people believe that when you study abroad, 2. Although some courses cost money, others are
you get more than just an academic experience. absolutely free.
(paragraph 2) 3. In addition to being too long, some of the lectures
... you learn to understand another culture. were quite boring.
(paragraph 2) 4. I decided to take the online course in spite of its
... some foreign universities have got subjects that are high tuition fees.
different from local universities. (paragraph 2)
You … might also learn to speak a foreign language. Task
(paragraph 2) Getting Organised
... it may cost more. (paragraph 3) 1 Reasons for online learning
Foreign universities may be expensive ... (paragraph 3) 2. Online learning is cheaper.
This could affect how well you do at university. 3. Online learning allows greater flexibility.
(paragraph 3)
5. No physical attendance is required.
... in my opinion, you can get a great education at local
universities. (paragraph 4). Reasons against online learning
1. There is a lack of student-teacher interaction.
4. There are no face-to-face discussions.
Connectors of Addition and Contrast
6. Students don’t interact or socialise.
4 Connectors of addition (connecting similar ideas) 2 Possible Answers
also (paragraph 2): you might learn to speak a foreign Additional reasons for online learning
language / you will meet people from all over the Online education allows students to choose from a
world. wide variety of schools and programs not available in
In addition, (paragraph 2): you will meet people from their area.
all over the world / some foreign universities have got Online education programs allow students to work at
subjects that are different to local universities. their own pace.
Moreover, (paragraph 3): foreign universities may be Online education programs allow people to work
expensive and it isn’t always cheap to live abroad / you while working towards a degree.
could feel isolated and lonely. Additional reasons against online learning
Besides, (paragraph 3): you could feel isolated and Online courses are not as personal as actual
lonely / it’s not always easy for foreign students to get classroom learning.
used to a different way of life. Online classrooms lack the ability for people to
What is more, (paragraph 4): you can get a great socialise.
education at local universities / it will probably be
cheaper and you will be close to home.
(page 22)
Connectors of contrast (connecting opposing ideas)
However, (paragraph 1): These students feel they Think BACK
can get a better education abroad than at a local
university / is this really true? Vocabulary
On the one hand, / On the other hand, (paragraphs
2-3): many people believe that when you study abroad 1 1. If you disobey your parents, they will punish you.
you get more than just an academic experience / 2. Ella was brought up by her father and has
there are many difficulties when you study at a foreign inherited her musical talent from him.
university. 3. I want to get a degree from a foreign university so
although (paragraph 4): there are advantages to I am going to study abroad.
studying abroad / you can get a great education at 4. Jake may fail the test unless he begins to revise
local universities. soon.
5. She passed all her exams and finally graduated
from university.

7
2 1. get 4. take
2. hand 5. try
3. looked 6. sign
3 1. true
2. True
3. False. If your parents allow you to do something,
you can do it.
4. True
5. False. If something is innovative, it is really
up-to-date.
4 1. weakness 4. neighbourhood
2. worthless 5. attendance
3. assignments
GRAMMAR
5 1. has been studying, goes
2. was driving, was talking /
had been talking, didn’t notice
3. hadn’t arrived, came
4. had … been living, found
5. Is … doing, has … finished
6. will have completed, will be travelling /
am going to travel
6 1. completed
2. have come up with
3. has been giving
4. was watching
5. had sent
6. impressed
7. have been sending in / have sent in
8. had got
Writing Skills
7 1. Although 4. However
2. Furthermore 5. as well as
3. despite 6. also
(page 23)
extra TRENDS TODAY

Technology in Schools
1. Radios and television.

2. Interesting educational programmes.
3. It was slow and many schools hadn’t got enough
computers.
4. In the 1990s.
5. Social media gives students the opportunity to learn
from each other anywhere, anytime.
6. More and more online material will be used.
7. Between 1985 and 1988.

8
2
(page 24) 4 1. False 3. False 5. False

2. True 4. True
Getting Started
5 1. Researchers began studying the bystander effect
1 They all show different social issues. some years ago. (lines 9-10)
Possible Answers 2. Most participants in the experiment don’t report
Cartoon A the problem when they are with several other
Child labour in developing countries people. (lines 14-18)
Cartoon B 3. People might not act because they think that
Homelessness / People not wanting to get involved everyone else shares responsibility and should
Cartoon C also get involved. (lines 19-21)
Gender pay gap
Cartoon D (page 27)
Social inequality
6 1. The purpose of the experiment was to prove that
people react in a different way in an emergency
(page 25) when they are alone and when they are with a
group of people.
TOPIC Vocabulary
2. No, heroic behaviour is uncommon: there are
Social Issues people who risk their lives to save others and
when this happens we usually hear about it in the
2 1. D 3. C 5. A, D 7. B
news.
2. B 4. A, B, D 6. A, B, D
3. Good Samaritan laws make it obligatory for people
3 1. g 3. a 5. d 7. b to help someone in any dangerous situation.
These laws were passed because authorities felt
2. f 4. c 6. h 8. e
they had to take action as the influence of the
LISTENING bystander effect was so strong that people didn’t
feel empathy for the victims in danger.
4 01|15
Dan: Statements 2, 3 and 5
7 1. stranger (line 4) 4. connected (line 32)
2. bystander (line 9) 5. desire (line 37)
Anna: Statements 2, 6 and 4
3. whole (line 20) 6. dialling (line 45)
5 Statement 3
trends Common Words

Possible Answer Do what everyone else is doing. (line 5)
In my opinion, the most important factors for young When we see that no one is doing anything, we will
people are quality of life, availability of jobs and do nothing. (lines 7-8)
affordability. This is what I would take into account When other people do nothing, we think they must
when considering a move. understand the situation and have a good reason not
to react. (lines 23-26)
(page 26) He replied that no one had ever discovered a heroic
gene. (lines 30-31)
readING Our desire to make a good impression is very strong
and can overcome our tendency to do nothing. (lines
1 Possible Answers 37-38)
I would help a person in danger because I would hope
that if I were in danger, someone would help me. trends
If I saw someone in danger, I would call 911 but I Possible Answer
wouldn’t risk my life.
When people know they are being watched, they
Understanding the Author’s Purpose behave in a way that they feel is expected of them.
2 01|16
c
3 1. b 2. c

9
(page 28) LISTENING

TOPIC Vocabulary 7 Possible Answers
Solving Social Problems Many girls don’t have the opportunity to attend
school because their contributions to the household
1 1. Freedom of speech is a basic human right. are valued more than their personal education.
2. People should be allowed to criticise their Many girls have to leave school due to early
government. marriages or pregnancy.
3. Large cities should have at least one shelter where
homeless people can sleep. 8 01|17
4. All secondary-school students should volunteer 1. They talk about someone who has made a
some time for community service. difference.
5. Schools should ban the use of mobile phones 2. She lived in a village in Pakistan.
during lessons. 3. Because they didn’t believe that girls should be
6. Taking part in a demonstration is a valid and educated.
useful way to protest. 4. Because they risked their lives by disobeying the
7. People who refuse to pay taxes should go to Taliban.
prison.
8. Giving money to charity shows that you care 9 01|18
about other people. 1. Malala started writing her blog when she was only
11 years old.
2 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. a 2. In her blog, Malala wrote about the Taliban’s ban
on girls’ education.
3 Living conditions: neighbourhood, homeless 3. The Taliban didn’t like the fact that Malala was
Possible Additional Answers: citizen, citizenship, criticising them.
community, homelessness, poverty, domestic abuse
Health: healthy lifestyle, well-balanced diet 01|19
10
Possible Additional Answers: medical check-up, 1. False. The two men asked who Malala was before
exercise regularly, limit alcohol use, have enough shooting her.
sleep, avoid smoking 2. True
Crime: break the law, robbery 3. False. Now she is going to school in the UK.
Possible Additional Answers: robber, thief, mugger, 4. True
murder, theft, suspect 5. True
Education: graduate 6. True
Possible Additional Answers: course, degree, higher
education, keep up with your studies, meet deadlines
(page 30)
Racism: multicultural
Possible Additional Answers: racist, ignorant, GRAMMAR
intolerance, minority, discrimination, prejudice,
stereotype REPORTED SPEECH
Work: earn money, make money 1. 1. We move tenses one tense back (when the
Possible Additional Answers: employment, reporting verb is in the past).
unemployment, salary, wage, bonus, sick leave 2. We also move tenses one tense back (when
the reporting verb is in the past) and the verb
Verb Collocations no longer has question order in a reported
question.
4 1. f 2. a 3. d 4. e 5. b 6. c 7. g 3. We use the infinitive.
4. We use the gerund form of the verb (or that +
(page 29) subject + base form of the verb)
2. Here becomes there and tomorrow becomes the
5 1. make arrangements following day. (Time and place words change in
2. take action reported speech.)
3. make an effort 3. told, ordered, asked, explained, suggested and
4. make sense warned
5. take charge of
1 1. The residents complained / thought that there
6. take someone’s advice weren’t enough parks.
7. make a speech 2. Jake wondered / wanted to know what he could
do to help.
6 Possible Answers
3. The policemen warned / ordered us not to go
1. It makes sense to pay attention in class and take
near the demonstration.
good notes every day.
4. Two students recommended / suggested making
2. I would take my best friend’s advice before making
posters.
an important decision.
5. He admitted / claimed that he hadn’t wanted to
3. It is worth making an effort to get good marks.
get involved.
4. I’d like to make a speech about social networking.
10
2 1. The survey asked students whether they had had 6 Possible Answers
any experience in community service. 1. My partner said that he had asked his best friend
2. The survey wanted to know if students had to explain maths to him many times and his friend
volunteered for the community service always answered that he was willing to help him.
programme the previous term. 2. My partner said that her friends were always
3. The survey also asked if students were doing any borrowing her clothes and added that her reply
other work after school that year. was always positive because she could never say
4. The survey wanted to know whether students no to a friend.
could volunteer for at least six hours every week.
Grammar Challenge
5. The survey enquired if students would be able to
volunteer during their summer holiday. 1. She told me that she had taken part in a
6. The survey asked whether community service demonstration there the previous year / the year
should be mandatory for all secondary-school before.
students the following year. 2. The student said that he would not volunteer the
following year.
3 1. Sixteen students claimed that they hadn’t had any 3. The lady asked how much a ticket for that charity
experience in community service. dinner cost.
2. Fifteen students reported that they had 4. My sister advised me not to get involved in that
volunteered for the community service argument.
programme the previous term.
5. Rachel asked me if / whether I would sign the
3. Eight students said that they weren’t doing any petition.
other work after school that year.
4. Seven students offered to volunteer for at least
six hours every week. (page 32)
5. Eleven students thought that they wouldn’t be
COMMUNICATION
able to volunteer during their summer holiday.
Expressing Opinions
6. Only three students recommended that
community service be mandatory for all 1 1. This charity gives a future to homeless young
secondary-school students the following year. people.
2. I would follow the “about us” link.
(page 31) 3. You can volunteer, donate money, sign their online
petition and get involved.
4 1. John asked what time the concert would start 4. Because celebrities have visited a homeless service
the following day.
to learn more about its campaigns and support it.
2. Max wanted to know if Thomas had called him.
He explained that he had heard the phone ring LISTENING
while he had been having a shower.
3. Andrew suggested meeting at the train station. 2 01|21
He also warned Thomas not to be late. 1. The students discuss raising money by having a
4. Lea asked if they should drive to the station and charity run.
she offered to collect Andrew. 2. To raise money this way, they’ll need to make
5. Jessie said that according to that morning’s arrangements with the police.
news, the police were going to close the streets 3. All the students will probably help to organise
around the park. the run.
6. Thomas’ mother mentioned that lots of students 4. They are going to use Facebook to let people
were going to the concert. She advised him to know about the run.
leave early. 5. The event will probably take place on the first
Sunday of April.
5 1. had been supporting
2. to sing 3 Because several students have Saturday jobs and so
3. join they won’t be able to participate.
4. had felt
5. had already met (page 33)
6. had never performed
7. would be speaking
8. was 4 Left: Expressing an Opinion
9. didn’t know Centre: Expressing Some Doubt
Right: Asking for an Opinion

11
5 Possible Answers (page 34)

Expressing an Opinion
In my opinion, … WRITING An Opinion Essay
As far as I’m concerned, … 1 1. Paragraphs 2 and 3
Expressing Some Doubt 2. Paragraph 1
Perhaps … 3. Paragraph 4
I’m not certain … 4. Paragraph 1
I’m not sure about that.
I find it difficult to believe … 2 1. Fact (paragraph 2)
2. Opinion (paragraph 4)
Asking for an Opinion
3. Fact (paragraph 3)
What’s your position on … ?
4. Opinion (paragraph 1)
What are your views on … ?
What would you say to … ? 3 We often use modals and the present simple tense to
What would you say if we … ? present our arguments.
Modals
6 Possible Answers In my opinion, this would be a mistake. (paragraph 1)
1. Personally, I like the idea of This may be very difficult for many students.
2. What do you think? (paragraph 2)
3. I’m not convinced that Since students are given no choice about doing
4. I guess community service, they might feel resentment.
5. I know (paragraph 3)
6. I suppose it could work. I do not believe it should be something that is
7. how do you feel about mandatory. (paragraph 4).
8. I don’t think that In my opinion, community service should be an
9. I’m sure option for those who want to do it. (paragraph 4)
Present Simple
Quite a few students work because they need to
Speaking Strategy
earn money. (paragraph 2)
Well now, ... students have very few free hours to do
OK then. community service. (paragraph 2)
... some educators believe that by doing community
Task service, students learn the value of volunteer work.
Possible Answer The fact is that studies do not show this.
Student A: How can we raise money to support (paragraph 3)
Elderly Alone, the charity which helps the Mandatory community service in secondary school
elderly in our town? Personally, I like the does not cause people to volunteer as adults.
idea of a charity concert. (paragraph 3)
Student B: I’m not so sure about that because it will ... students are given no choice about doing
be difficult to convince bands to play for community service, ... (paragraph 3)
free to support our cause. In short, although I understand the importance of
Student A: Maybe you’re right. Concerts are rather getting involved in your community, I do not believe
difficult to organise. Do you think that we it should be something that is mandatory.
could hold a sale? (paragraph 4)
Student B: I suppose it could work. We can sell lots
of things we no longer use. We could ask Connectors of Cause and Result
our friends to donate things they don’t
need. 4 Connectors of Cause
Student A: And we could use social media to because (paragraph 2)
promote our sale and raise more money. since (paragraph 3)
Student B: I agree and I’m sure we’ll be able to sell
Connectors of Result
lots of things. Where could we hold our
sale? As a result, (paragraph 2)
Student A: We could hold it in my front yard. What For this reason, (paragraph 3)
do you think?
Student B: That sounds great. Your front yard is fine. (page 35)
Now we just have to see when we should
hold the sale. What’s the weather forecast
for next Sunday? Sentence Structure

Student A: It will be warm and sunny. So next because of
Sunday will be great.
5 1. a, c 2. b, c 3. a, c 4. a, b
6 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c

12
7 1. Consequently / As a result (page 37)

2. Because of
3. so
extra CLIL
4. Since The Milgram Experiment
5. Consequently / As a result
2 1. False 4. True 6. False
(page 36) 2. True 5. True 7. True
3. False
Think BACK
3 Possible Answers
Vocabulary 1. We obey orders from people we consider to have
authority (parents, teachers, police officers,
1 1. punish, criticise managers, etc.).
2. neighbourhood, slum
2. It is necessary to disobey orders when by obeying,
3. pass laws, lower the voting age you could harm someone or treat someone in an
4. assessment, assignment abusive manner.
5. poverty, hunger 3. Milgram was probably influenced by the events of
2 have a say make a speech the Holocaust.
take charge make the rules
take action follow the rules
3 1. take charge 4. have a say

2. make a speech 5. take action
3. follow the rules
4 1. sensitive 6. behaved
2. aware of 7. hardships
3. impressive 8. researchers
4. get involved 9. make a big difference
5. generosity
Grammar
5 1. has been helping

2. hadn’t been speaking
3. had … been travelling
4. were taking part
5. Has … been acting
6. not to hand in
7. would take
8. haven’t been working
9. do
6 1. to follow
2. volunteered
3. was doing / was going to do
4. has been lying
5. wouldn’t sign up, wasn’t going to sign up
6. had … been driving
7. hadn’t been cycling
8. Has … been behaving
Writing Skills
7 1. In spite of 4. Due to
2. In addition to 5. Consequently
3. Although 6. as

13
3
(page 38) 3. What was really unusual about Saroo’s use of

Google Earth was that he came up with the idea
Getting Started of using Google Earth to locate his lost family in
India.
1 New York City
4. It would be particularly difficult for Saroo to find
his family because India is one of the largest
(page 39) countries in the world and has a population of
over 1.2 billion people.
TOPIC Vocabulary 5. In Khandwa Saroo recognised a river, a waterfall
Getting Around and a fountain.
2 1. E 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C
(page 41)
3 1. where 4. nearer to
2. finger 5. arrive there 6 FINDING SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
3. in front of 6. don’t expect 1. meaningful (line 6) 4. worked out (line 24)
listening 2 vanished (line 11) 5. familiar (line29)
3. remarkable (line 15) 6. nearby (line 33)
4 01|23
1. d 2. c 3. a 4. f
Idioms

5 Because on Saturday and Sunday you have to wait in 1. difficult 2. excited
long queues for the cable car ride.
7 01|25
trends 1. Because he didn’t know what he would find.
2. Because his family didn’t live there and he thought
Possible Answers they could have died.
Last summer, my family and I went to Asturias in the 3. Yes, Saroo’s story had a happy ending as
north of Spain. We stayed in a small hotel near the neighbours took him to the house where his family
beach. I made a lot of friends and had lots of fun. lived.
Last month, we travelled to Toledo. We went to a
wedding ceremony there and stayed at a beautiful 8 Possible Answers
hotel near the Alcázar. Toledo is a beautiful place – I would use Facebook or Twitter because it is possible
it’s worth visiting. to find everybody on these websites and they’re free.
They are so helpful that you can find people that you
(page 40) haven’t seen for ages. In the past, it was very difficult
to track down people if they had moved and not left
reading an address.
2 UNDERSTANDING REFERENCE trends

they (line 8): the children (Saroo and his brothers and
Possible Answer
sisters)
Before travelling abroad, I’d like to take a virtual tour
this (line 22): finding Saroo’s lost family
of the place where my hotel is located just to check
it (line 27): flying over villages using Google Earth
what the area looks like.
3 1. b 2. a
(page 42)
4 1. True 3. False 5. True
2. True 4. True TOPIC Vocabulary
5 1. The two children had got on the train to search Travel Arrangements
for coins on the floor because they wanted to help
their poor family.
1 1. a, c (on a bus, in a car, in a stadium)
2. a, b (a backpack, a rucksack, a shoulder bag,
2. He was more fortunate because he was adopted
a laptop case)
by an Australian family, whereas many other
Indian children have nowhere to live in their 3. a, b (a van, a scooter, a boat, someone’s services)
country. 4. b, c (after 12.00, at / to a hostel, at / to a hospital)
5. a, c (a plane, a motorcycle, a scooter, a horse,
a hot-air balloon)
6. a, b (the local culture, the history of the region)

14
2 1. e 2. f 3. h 4. c 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. g
10 01|28
1. To get to and from work.

3 Possible Answers 2. Because drivers drive like maniacs along narrow
awesome experience, mountainous region, roads.
steep cliffs, steep road, wild region, wild forests,
3. The driver’s helper.
unforgettable experience, shallow stream,
4. Several thousand years ago.
narrow road
5. $250
Noun Collocations 6. Like ancient Egyptian pyramids.
4 1. I slept all the way. I slept the whole time we were (page 44)
travelling.
2. One way or another, I will visit the Galápagos GRAMMAR
Islands. Nothing will prevent it.
MODALS / MODAL PERFECTS
3. I got a sandwich on my way to the theatre. There
was a shop nearby. 1. Modals: have to, could
4. That village is out of the way. It’s far from other Modal Perfects: might have left, should have
villages on our route. looked, couldn’t have left, must have fallen
The base form of the verb is used with the modals
5 1. on time whereas the participle form is used with the modal
2. made good time perfects.
3. in no time at all 2. a. can, could, be able to
4. for the time being b. ought to, should
c. need to, must, have to
6 Possible Answers d. mustn’t
1. We got to the concert on time although we missed e. might, may
the bus. f. must, can’t
2. I see the same people on my way to school. g. can, could, may
3. I usually spend time playing computer games. h. needn’t, don’t have to
4. They couldn’t find their way because they didn’t 3. a. should have
have a GPS device. b. must have
5. The lake was out of the way, so we had to drive c. might have
for half an hour to get there. d. couldn’t have
6. They made good time in spite of the terrible 1 1. In Rome people drive dangerously so you must /
weather conditions. need to / have to be very careful when you cross
a street.
(page 43) 2. You can’t see Rome in one day.
3. People should / ought to dress modestly in
LISTENING churches.
7 Possible Answers 4. In many churches, you can see beautiful art for
free.
Buses in our country look very different. The
bus in the picture looks old, and unsafe – in our 5. You don’t have to take a guided tour.
country buses are more modern … and look more 6. You might / may come across an outdoor market
comfortable. Another difference is the luggage, where you can buy some fruit.
which we never put on the roof of our buses.
2 Possible Answers
1. You can’t smoke in the hotel.
8 01|26 2. You should book in advance.
1. On a chicken bus, you might sit near a box of
3. You needn’t bring any kitchen utensils.
chickens.
4. You mustn’t make noise between 1.00 pm and
2. Although there are only 70 seats on the bus, there
6.00 pm.
could be over 100 passengers.
5. You can put valuable things in our safe.
3. The bus driver drives as if he were driving in a
Formula One race. 3 1, 2, 5
4. While the bus is moving, the helper goes on the
roof to get people’s bags. 4 1. I would have gone to Sweden but I got ill.
2. My parents weren’t in their hotel room. They
9 01|27 might have checked out.
1. a 2. c 3. b
3. She couldn’t have driven to the airport.
4. You shouldn’t have told Jane about the trip. It was
a surprise!
5. Someone must have stolen my money.

15
(page 45) listening
5 Excerpt A: a travel blog 2 01|30

1. ought to 1. Both pictures show modes of transport that use
2. shouldn’t wheels.
3. may not have 2. Both modes of transport are powered by people.
Excerpt B: an advert 3. One picture shows people in a city, while the other
4. might have shows people in a park.
5. can 4. According to the speaker, the people in one
picture seem happy, but in the other they seem
6. must
miserable.
6 1. You must have visited Vatican City when you 5. The speaker says that the blogger succeeded in
were in Rome. Everyone goes there! choosing interesting photographs.
2. We would have hired a gondola in Venice but it 6. The speaker is comparing pictures A and E.
was too expensive.
3. I really want to go to the top of the Empire State
3 Because these photos show so many different ways
people can get from one place to another.
Building. The view of New York from there must
be great.
4. They can go on a boat ride on the Thames when (page 47)
they are in England.
speaking
5. There was a long queue for tickets to the Louvre.
We ought to have bought tickets before we went 4 Similarities: b, c, d, f
to Paris.
Differences: a, e, g
6. I wasn’t able to wander around the Parthenon in
Pictures B and D
Athens because I’d broken my foot.
5 b, f, d, c, a, e, g
7 01|29
1. shouldn’t tell
2. must have felt Speaking Strategy

3. might change Connectors of sequence
4. must have been For a start (sentence f)
5. had to find out Secondly (sentence d)
6. Could … be Connectors of addition
7. could have been also (sentence c)
8. have been able to prove too (sentence a)
Grammar Challenge Task

1. Could I leave my luggage at the hotel? Possible Answer
2. I shouldn’t have left so late. Student A: The pictures have got some things in
3. You ought to take a guided tour. common.
4. Were you able to locate the place? Student B: For a start, in both we can see people
5. The trip couldn’t have taken only an hour. travelling on a train.
Student A: Secondly, in both pictures the passengers
look happy.
(page 46)
Student B: I can see some differences in the pictures
CO
MMUNICATION too. The people in picture A are probably
Comparing Pictures European whereas the people in picture B
are probably Indian or Pakistani.
1 A Travel Blog Student A: I can see one more difference. In picture A
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. F 5. B 6. E we can see a modern western train while
in picture B the train looks really old.
trends Student B: Another thing I noticed is that picture
A shows people probably travelling
Possible Answers on holiday but picture B shows people
The rickshaws in photo A can help us work out it must travelling for other reasons, maybe for
have been taken in India. work.
In photo F we can see a desert so we could infer that it
might have been taken in a Middle-Eastern country.

16
(page 48) (page 49)
WRITING A Narrative Connectors of Sequence and Time Expressions
1 1. Paragraphs 2 and 3 4 Connectors of Sequence

2. Paragraph 1 First (paragraph 2)
3. Paragraph 4 eventually (paragraph 4)
Time Expressions
2 1. The narrative took place in Guatemala last year, The day before (paragraph 1)
the day before the writer had to go back home. Once (paragraph 2)
2. The writer wanted to get a bus to the volcanic lake The next thing (paragraph 3)
Atitlan. He thought he would have enough time.
A few hours later (paragraph 4)
3. He arrived at Lake Amatitlan – not Lake Atitlan –
the next time (paragraph 4)
because he had got on the wrong bus.
4. No, he wasn’t really upset because he was 5 1. At first 4. Once
determined to have a good time as it was his last 2. Later, 5. It all began
day in Guatemala and so he enjoyed his day at 3. Finally, 6. During
Lake Amatitlan.
6 Possible Answers
3 Past Continuous is used to describe the setting: d, f, c, a, e, b
The day before I had to leave, the sun was shining.
Last summer, my whole family was really excited
(paragraph 1)
about going camping in Italy. Once we landed in
Past Simple is used to show the sequence of past Milan in the afternoon, we hired a car and set off to
events happening one after the other: find the campsite. After driving around for hours,
I managed to get to the bus station, where people my father realised we had got lost on the mountain
were very helpful. They smiled and pointed to the bus roads. Then, it got so dark that we stopped at a
I should take. Once my bags were on the roof and I petrol station to ask for directions. The petrol station
was inside, I sat down to enjoy the ride. (paragraph 2) owner laughed before he pointed to a big sign in
I was on holiday and I was determined to have a front of us, “Bella Camping”. All in all, it wasn’t a
good time. I walked around the pretty village ... and great beginning, but we had an absolutely fantastic
eventually found some stalls with delicious local food. holiday.
(paragraph 4)
Past Perfect Simple is used to talk about past
(page 50)
actions that had happened before another past
action: Think BACK
The next thing I knew, someone was shaking me.
We had reached our destination. ... This couldn’t be Vocabulary
right – only 45 minutes had gone by! We had arrived
at Lake Amatitlan – not Lake Atitlan. The names 1 Travel Social Issues Education
sounded the same, so I had taken a bus to the wrong youth hostel standard of living graduate
lake! (paragraph 3) guided tour inequality foreign language
foreign language living conditions tuition fees
book in advance
Climax
luggage
The writer had got on the wrong bus and so he didn’t
arrive at Lake Atitlan as he had planned. Instead, he 2 1. After walking for hours, we ended up in / came
got to Lake Amatitlan. across a small village.
Rising action 2. Did you enjoy the lecture / sights?
The writer didn’t speak any Spanish but managed 3. What time do we have to check out / in?
to get to the bus station, where some local people 4. His parents encouraged / allowed him to go to
pointed to the bus he should take. After getting on France alone.
the bus, he was so tired that he fell asleep. 5. The fare / accommodation was expensive.
Falling action 6. Did you go to the demonstration / shelter
yesterday?
As the writer was on holiday and it was his last day
in Guatemala, he decided to enjoy his trip to Lake 3 make sense, make good time
Amatitlan even though he hadn’t planned to visit this
take steps, take advice
place. He eventually had a great day there.
get a degree, get closer, get involved, get advice
4 1. landmark 6. view
2. went sightseeing 7. reach
3. impressive 8. make an effort
4. various 9. out of the way
5. wandering

17
grammar
5 1. wasn’t
2. had had
3. not to arrive
4. had been wandering
5. hasn’t been driving
6. has just taken off
7. Had … got on
8. will be travelling
6 1. mustn’t park
2. did … have to check out
3. shouldn’t have cheated
4. Do … need to leave
5. might have … landed
6. couldn’t go
7. weren’t able to buy
8. would have taken
Writing Skills
7 1. Besides 4. All of a sudden

2. because of 5. as soon as
3. For this reason 6. During
(page 51)
extra LITERATURE

1 01|31
The Road Goes Ever On and On
1. He is on a road, very far from the place where his
journey began.
2. He expects the road to join other roads where he
will probably have to do some more errands.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
3. In the middle of his journey, the narrator stops in
the woods because he feels attracted to this place.
4. The narrator’s horse objects to his stopping.
2 In both poems the narrator decides to continue his

journey.
3 a.
Possible Answers
The door stands for the beginning of the journey
(probably the narrator’s birth or hometown).
Many paths symbolise other people’s lives.
b.
Possible Answer
Sleep could be similar to “stop fulfilling his
responsibilities”. The narrator cannot stop in the
woods because he has to fulfil responsibilities
imposed by society. It could also refer to death.

18
4
(page 52) 3 1. At first the writer didn’t understand the reason for
going to such a lot of trouble for a hamburger,
Getting Started but then realised that the meat industry is bad
for the environment. (lines 10-13)
1 Environmental problems: 2. The writer explains the connection between water
Picture B (deforestation) and soil pollution and the meat industry.
Picture C (use of pesticides) (lines 13-19)
Picture D (rising sea level) 3. Although it may be possible to overcome the
Picture F (littering) difficulties of producing in-vitro meat, people
Environmental solutions: might be reluctant to eat it. (lines 39-41)
Picture A (wind power) 4. Post feels optimistic about the future of lab-grown
Picture E (solar power) meat despite the problems. (lines 43-44)
5. The writer emphasised that fewer animals would
die if we produced lab-grown meat. (lines 48-49)
(page 53)
TOPIC Vocabulary 4 1. b 2. b
The Environment 5 1. Growing food for animals has a negative impact
on world hunger because large areas of land are
2 1. Picture D 4. Picture F used to grow food for animals instead of growing
2. Picture E 5. Picture B food for people.
3. Picture C 2. The main advantage of producing meat in a
Picture A: environmentally friendly, renewable energy laboratory is that we could stop world hunger
while causing less damage to the environment.
3 1. f 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b
3. The writer compares meat cells to babies to show
that it is not easy to produce meat in a lab since
trends meat cells must be looked after carefully.
Possible Answers 4. People might not want to eat lab-grown meat
oil spills because they might find this kind of meat rather
water pollution unnatural.
wildfires 5. The vegetarian referred to in the last paragraph is
the author of the article.
LISTENING
4 02|01 (page 55)

1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 6 1. cells (line 8) 4. keep (line 32)
5 He also suggests spending more money on 2. trouble (line 11) 5. reluctant (line 40)
researching environmentally friendly food products. 3. in fact (lines 25-26) 6. clearly (line 42)
(page 54) Common Words

readING 1. c 2. a 3. b
1 Possible Answer
(page 56)
I think in the future, people will be eating more
processed food with very little natural ingredients. TOPIC Vocabulary
2 02|02 Identifying the Main Idea of a Environmental Issues
Paragraph
a. Paragraph 2 d. Paragraph 5
1 1. recycling plants 5. limited supply
2. urban farms 6. ecological balance
b. Paragraph 4 e. Paragraph 1
3. wind turbine 7. green features
c. Paragraph 3
4. carbon footprint

19
2 1. False. Sustainable energy sources do not cause any (page 58)

damage to the environment.
grammar
2. True
3. False. A landfill is a place for the disposal of waste CONDITIONALS
materials. 1. If environmental work appeals to you, you’ll love
4. True our conservation programme.
5. False. Electric cars haven’t yet replaced petrol- 2. If the flight didn’t cost so much, I’d fly to Ecuador
burning cars but maybe one day they will. tomorrow.
6. True 3. I would have stayed even longer if I had known
7. True we’d be so helpful.
8. False. People should dump their rubbish in bins. 4. When we cut down rainforests, we harm the
environment.
3 1. protect, recycle, reuse, clean up, save 5. If you’re interested ... , don’t miss this
2. destroy, pollute opportunity.
3. recycling bin
4. rubbish
1 1. d If more people used energy-efficient light bulbs,
they would consume much less energy.
5. factory
2. e If a recycling plant recycles one tonne of paper,
we save 17 trees.
Prefixes
3. b If we hadn’t thrown so much rubbish into the
4 impractical, disappear, illegal, non-renewable, ocean, millions of sea creatures wouldn’t have
unnecessary, incomplete died.
1. incomplete 4. impractical 4. a You will probably share this planet with another
2. disappear 5. unnecessary 28 billion people if you live to the end of this
3. illegal 6. non-renewable century.
5. c Don’t send your plastic bottles to the landfill if
you can recycle them.
(page 57)
5 extraordinary, intercity, rechargeable, underpaid / Time Clauses
overpaid, misunderstood, overpopulated /
underpopulated
1. underpaid 4. overpopulated
2 1. If a jacket didn’t fit you any more, would you take
it to a charity shop?
2. intercity 5. extraordinary
2. Will you teach your children about the
3. rechargeable 6. misunderstood
environment when you have a family?
listening 3. Would you buy organic fruit and vegetables if you
could get them near your home?
6 Possible Answer 4. If your school had offered a course in
It is different because it has green features such as Environmental Awareness, would you have taken
solar panels, green roofs, fiberglass windows and it?
even urban farms. 5. Will you buy lab-grown meat as soon as it reaches
7 02|03
your local supermarket?
1. 7 billion 3. 75% Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2. 2050 4. 600 metres 3 1. Europeans will use 80% fewer plastic bags in the
8 02|04 future if the EU decides to ban them.
1. b 2. a 3. c 2. Unless we do something about water pollution
soon, in 10 years many people won’t have enough
9 02|05
drinking water.
1. True
3. If you collected all the waste in the UK for one
2. True
year, it would fill Trafalgar Square to the top of
3. False. An office building in Tokyo was inspired by Nelson’s Column.
Callebaut’s ideas.
4. When you use energy-efficient light bulbs, you
4. False. The Dragonfly will have both homes and save about £30 a year on electricity.
offices.
5. In 2010, 118 million mobile phones were thrown
5. True out in the US. If we had recycled these phones, we
6. False. The Dragonfly hasn’t been built yet. would have saved about 4,600 kilograms of gold.
6. Paris will remain one of the most polluted cities
in the world until it begins banning cars from the
city centre.
Sentence 3 is incorrect. If you collect all the waste in
the UK for one day, it would fill Trafalgar Square to
the top of Nelson’s Column.

20
(page 59) trends

WISH CLAUSES Possible Answers
1. Sentences c and d 3. Sentence b Eco-tours are becoming more and more popular in
2. Sentence a our country.
One of the best places for an eco-tour is La Gomera
1. could + base form of the verb (when the subject is
(Canary Islands), where you can join an eco-tour of
I or we) and would + base form of the verb (other
Garajonay, a forest with millions of years of history.
subjects)
It would also be a good idea to join an eco-tour of
2. Past Simple Tense
Somiedo Natural Reserve in Asturias, which is home
3. Past Perfect Tense to one of Europe’s largest populations of free-
roaming brown bears.
4 1. studied 4. had got
2. had participated 5. could ride LISTENING
3. could go 6. could afford
2 02|07
5 Possible Answers 1. Kew Gardens.
1. I wish my neighbourhood were safer. 2. To learn more about rainforests.
If only the crime rate were lower in this area. 3. A recycling plant.
2. If only my school would offer more appealing 4. Greg says this recycling plant is new and one of
courses next year. the biggest ones in the world.
If only my school had a canteen.
5. The recycling plant.
3. I wish my city were a better place to live.
I wish there were fewer cars. 3 875 million bottles
I wish there was less pollution.
4. If only there were enough jobs for everybody in (page 61)
my country.
5. I wish people were more generous in the world today. speaking
I wish people weren’t always thinking about
themselves. 4 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b
6 02|06
Speaking Strategy
1. would stop 5. planned
2. were 6. shop Supporting the Green Architecture tour: Students
3. hadn’t made 7. will go will learn about environmentally friendly features in
4. wouldn’t have 8. will save London’s buildings.
thrown out 9. don’t wait Supporting Kew Gardens: We’d learn all about the
importance of plants in our environment and how
Grammar Challenge they help put oxygen back into our atmosphere.
1. Unless we do something, the problem won’t get
better. 5 Amy: Have you looked at the ideas for the class trip?
2. I wish I had visited the urban farm. Leo: Yeah, I’ve seen them. I think it’s between
3. If I were you, I would recycle more. the trip to Kew Gardens and the Green
4. If Sam had been 18, he could have volunteered for Architecture tour.
the job. Amy: Which would you rather do?
5. If only I could live in the countryside. Leo: I’d rather go on the Green Architecture tour
because students will enjoy learning about
environmentally friendly features in London’s
(page 60) buildings.
Amy: I don’t know about that. At Kew Gardens,
COMMUNICATION
we’d learn all about the importance of plants
Reaching an Agreement in our environment and how they help put
oxygen back into our atmosphere.
1 1. growing vegetables in the city when you visit
urban farms Leo: I see what you mean. Kew Gardens might be
more interesting.
2. plants that grow in other countries if you go to
Kew Gardens Amy: Good – so we’ve decided.
3. what is done with things we throw away if you visit Leo: Yes, I agree a trip to Kew Gardens is the best
a recycling plant choice.
4. plants on top of buildings if you go on a tour of
London’s rooftops
5. how buildings can be more environmentally
friendly if you take a tour of London’s green
architecture

21
Task 5 1. d Our world has a limited supply of fuel.

Possible Answer Consequently, scientists are looking for
alternative supplies of energy.
Student A: Have you looked at the ideas for the class
trip? 2. c Plastic bags are very useful. Unfortunately, they
are also very harmful to the environment.
Student B: Yeah, I’ve seen them. I think it’s between
the tour of London’s Rooftops, the tour of 3. a Global warming is changing our climate.
London’s Green Architecture and the trip Obviously, we must do something to stop it
to the Growing Communities. soon or there will be terrible consequences.
Student A: Which do you think is better? 4. b A Swedish company has created a new gas.
Apparently, it eliminates all CO2 emissions.
Student B: I’d prefer the tour of London’s Rooftops
because students will discover the hidden 5. e Despite having many advantages, solar power
Kensington Roof Gardens and will also only provides a small part of the world’s energy
learn how they help reduce our carbon supply.
footprint.
Task
Student A: Are you sure? On the tour of London’s
Green Architecture we would learn about 1 Relevant points for a summary: 1, 4, 5, 10
green features like energy conservation,
which sounds really interesting and at the (page 64)
urban farms we would learn how local
residents make money by growing and Think BACK
selling organic food. Vocabulary
Student B: I see what you mean. The Growing
Communities might be more appealing 1 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. f 5. h 6. e 7. g 8. c
and some of our friends might even learn
how to make some money by growing
2 1. standard 6. Freedom
organic food. 2. fixed 7. global
Student A: Good – so we’ve decided. 3. urban 8. carbon
Student B: Yes, I agree a trip to the Growing 4. living 9. rising
Communities is the best choice. 5. friendly 10. recycling
3 1. sustainable 6. disobey
(page 62)
2. financial 7. incomplete
WRITING A Summary 3. unnecessary 8. underestimate
4. unnatural 9. inequality
2 Ideas included in the summary
5. valuable 10. determined
3. the definition of a wind turbine (these structures
convert wind energy into electricity) 4 1. disobey 4. determined
4. when the first wind turbines were built (the first 2. financial 5. valuable
wind turbines were built about 100 years ago) 3. underestimate 6. incomplete
5. the main advantages of using wind turbines
(electricity produced this way is not expensive and Grammar
causes no pollution)
8. the future of wind turbines (the demand for wind 5 1. would have helped, had known
turbines will probably continue to grow in the 2. not to use, were doing
future) 3. should
Ideas not included 4. will call, arrive
1, 2, 6, 7 5. had been studying, returned
6. will be taking, Do … want
3 Summary b is better because it doesn’t provide
unnecessary details (965 million cars; 16.7% of all 7. have been playing, would stop
CO2) but focuses just on the main ideas (cars pollute 8. mustn’t
the atmosphere and use petrol whereas hybrid cars
cause less pollution).
6 1. is causing 6. will bring
2. don’t think 7. scares
3. lived 8. would listen
(page 63)
4. has risen 9. will disappear
Paraphrasing 5. are 10. had seen
4 1. Although lab-grown meat needs more research,
scientists believe it will make a real difference to Writing Skills
our society one day.
2. Finally, the new bottles are sent to the shops. 7 1. Unfortunately 5. As a result of
3. During the research, they discovered a new kind 2. Even though 6. Besides
of energy. 3. During 7. since
4. Fortunately, engineers have found a solution. 4. Obviously 8. Moreover
5. Glaciers are melting. Consequently, sea levels are
rising.
22
(page 65)
extra TRENDS TODAY

Environmental Issues
1 Waste and Recycling

Energy
Pollution
What people are doing to protect the environment
2 1. Greece recycles the least municipal waste and

Germany recycles the most.
2. A higher percentage of paper products are
recycled than plastic or e-waste products.
3. The two sources of renewable energy referred to
are solar and wind.
4. In 95% of beaches, lakes and rivers, the water is
clean enough for swimming.
5. Energy is saved by people using energy-efficient
devices in their homes.

23
5
(page 67) (page 69)

TOPIC Vocabulary Animals 5 1. What is special about the cuckoo finch is that it
uses a clever trick to have its chicks brought up by
2 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B another bird.
2. When the colour of the foster parents’ eggs
3 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a
changes, the cuckoo finch’s eggs will also change
LISTENING so that foster parents won’t be able to tell their
own eggs apart.
4 02|08
3. The foster parent isn’t disturbed by the fact that
They discuss questions 3, 5 and 8. the cuckoo finch chicks are different because it is
3. On their mother’s back (like the female scorpion). used to having chicks that look different.
In their mother’s mouth (to protect them from 4. The cuckoo catfish offspring are able to eat the
harm). foster parent’s babies because they are born first
5. The wolf and the ant. so they can eat all the other babies when they
8. The amoeba and bacteria. hatch.
5 It is located in their antennae. 5. Scientists don’t understand how some animals
come up with these ingenious cons but they do
understand why these tricks are used: it is an
trends
excellent survival skill, as animals that use these
The spiral staircase resembles a snail’s shell.
cons can focus on producing more offspring.
(page 68) 6 1. on their own (line 7)

2. gorgeously (line 12)
READING 3. tell them apart (line 20)
1 Possible Answer 4. over and over again (line 25)
People often cheat in order to gain something or to 5. starve (line 32)
avoid embarrassment. 6. requires (line 44)
2 02|09 Guessing Meaning from Context

con (line 4): a trick to make someone do what you Common Words

want 1. c 2. a 3. b
chicks (line 7): baby birds
7 Possible Answer
foster (line 9): looking after babies / eggs for a
Animals are attacked by predators so they produce
limited time
lots of offspring so they don’t become extinct.
hatch (line 29): cause an egg to break in order to
allow a young animal to come out trends
3 1. a 2. b Possible Answer
Wildlife conservation is important because wildlife
4 SENTENCE COMPLETIONS
represents biodiversity, which is important for
1. For centuries, the cuckoo finch has been
your own health and the well-being of the whole
practising deception. (lines 2-4)
planet. In nature, different species are connected
2. Sometimes, foster parents will try to make sure through various food webs. For this reason, the
their offspring survive by changing the colour of disappearance of one species could influence several
their own eggs so as to differentiate them from others down the line.
the impostor’s eggs. (lines 18-21)
3. The foster parent thinks the cuckoo finch’s chicks
are also hers even though they may look (page 70)
different. (lines 24-27)
TOPIC Vocabulary
4. In addition to birds and insects, brood parasitism
Man and Animals
can also be seen in some fish, like the cuckoo
catfish. (lines 34-36) 1 1.
False 3.
True 5.
True 7.
False
5. It’s easier to produce offspring if you get someone 2. False 4. False 6. True 8. True
else to raise your babies for you. (lines 45-47)
2 1. Circus animals are seldom treated well.
2. Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
4. When an animal is in distress, it is miserable.
7. If an animal has got a disease, it is ill.

24
3 1. destroyed (page 72)

2. were dangerous to
Grammar
3. destruction of their natural environment
4. reduction in numbers THE PASSIVE / THE CAUSATIVE
5. nature reserves 1. Past Simple: was established
6. almost extinct Present Continuous: are being hurt
Modal: can be saved
4 Verbs relating to animals: bite Present Simple: is made, are (often) invited
Verbs relating to people: rescue, train 2. Causative: get laws passed
Verbs relating to both: attack, catch, hunt, look after,
It is formed with have / get + object + the participle
feed
of the main verb.
Possible Answers
The causative structure is different in Spanish.
Animals catch their prey.
People rescue endangered animals. 1 1. Moby Dick was written by Herman Melville.
People hunt animals for their fur. 2. The animals at our shelter are always treated well.
Animals attack people when they’re threatened.
3. Those birds are going to be tracked by satellite.
Animals look after and feed their offspring.
People train their pets. 4. Many racehorses died while they were being
Animals bite their prey. ridden by famous jockeys.
5. Animals that have not been raised in captivity may
be more frightened of people.
Adjectives and Prepositions 6. You wouldn’t have been stung by the scorpion if
you hadn’t moved that rock!
5 1. f 2. b 3. d 4. e 5. a 6. c 7. The wolf had been caught before it killed any
sheep.
(page 71) Sentences 1, 4 and 6 have got agents.
6 1. tired of 4. pleased with 2 1. What colour are mosquitoes attracted to the

2. good at 5. tired from most? c
3. good for 6. pleased for 2. In which direction do bats always fly when they
leave a cave? c
7 Possible Answers 3. Who was the book On the Origin of Species
1. I’m tired of studying for exams. written by? a
2. I’m devoted to my family. 4. What living organism has survived on this planet
3. I’m good at maths. longer than any other? b
4. I’m concerned about global warming. 5. Which bird hasn’t been seen since the 17th
5. I’m involved in our school play at the moment. century? a
6. Where can animals still be used for testing
LISTENING cosmetic products? a
9 02|10
3 1. Animals shouldn’t be killed for their fur.
1. humans 4. 108ºC 2. The animals have already been fed (by the
2. two halves 5. 10 zookeepers) today.
3. 10 hours 3. Was that picture of a bird painted by Leonardo da
Vinci?

10 02|11
4. The dogs were being trained by professionals all
1. Ten thousand different species of bacteria live on afternoon yesterday.
humans. 5. Many animal species will be wiped out by climate
2. They help us digest food. change in the future.
3. They use chemicals to communicate with each 6. At the moment, the wildlife sanctuary is being
other. managed by a local woman.
7. The little girl must have been bitten by a rat.
11 02|12
1. False. Bacteria first appeared on Earth about

200,000 years ago.
2. False. Bacteria grow and reproduce like all living
creatures.
3. False. A bacterial cell can reproduce every 20
minutes.
4. True
5. False. Only some bacteria cause disease.
6. True
7. True

25
(page 73) (page 74)
Sentences with Two Objects COMMUNICATION

Talking about a Picture
4 1. She has been lent a book on horses by a friend. / 1 1. The organisation would like people to help animals
A book on horses has been lent to her by a friend. by donating money.
2. They are being sent two baby crocodiles. / 2. These creatures are taken from their mothers
Two baby crocodiles are being sent to them. when they’re still babies.
3. The vet should have been paid £20 by the dog’s 3. People who train the dancing bears often mistreat
owner. / Twenty pounds should have been paid to them.
the vet by the dog’s owner.
4. Despite the condition of the horses, many people
4. I wasn’t given this black cat by my mother. / think that horse racing is glamorous.
This black cat wasn’t given to me by my mother.
5. Injured animals are often shot in this sport.
5. When will we be shown the new animals? /
6. Both pictures show examples of animals which are
When will the new animals be shown to us?
mistreated.
5 Possible Answers
1. She had / got it built (by a carpenter). trends
2. We have / get them cleaned (by a cleaning services Possible Answers
company). I don’t think it’s a good idea to ban animal acts in
3. I had / got it cut (by a pet hairdresser). circuses because many people would lose their jobs.
4. He will have / get them trained (by a professional I think it is a good idea to ban the use of wild
trainer). animals in circuses because these animals are often
5. She is having / getting the experiment done mistreated.
(by her students).
LISTENING
6. He is going to have / get it walked (by a
neighbour). 2 02|14
6 Possible Answers 1. She’s looking at the FAR website. It’s an animal
rights organisation.
1. I didn’t have / get my dog vaccinated last week.
(a pet owner) 2. A photograph of a horse race.
2. I haven’t had / got the clinic cleaned since Friday. 3. The race is known for being dangerous.
(a vet) 4. They might be shot if they can’t race any more.
3. We must have / get this medicine tested on 5. Some spectators seem to be very unhappy. One
animals before people use it. (a scientist) guy even looks like he is going to cry.
4. Are you having / getting the animals trained
before we shoot the scene? (a film producer) 3 In an Italian city called Siena.
5. I want to have / get animal testing banned all
over the world. (an animal rights activist) (page 75)
7 1. had been brought 6. are experimented speaking

2. were taking 7. suffer
8. has been banned
4 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a
3. was being tortured
4. was being treated 9. can be sold 5 Possible Answers
5. was allowed 10. have / get … signed A
2. How cruel! I suppose they’re in distress.
GRAMMAR CHALLENGE 3. Yes, they do. But look how young those boys are,
1. We hadn’t been sent an invitation. especially that one at the back. Perhaps they’re
2. Was the petition signed by many people? really poor and the bears help them make a little
3. She has had her dog’s hair washed. money.
4. The rights of many animals are protected by PETA. B
5. Will I / you / he / she get those photos printed b. Do you mean the dancing bears? Yeah. Look at the
tomorrow? bear on the left. It seems like there’s a ring in his
nose.
c. I agree. It must be terrible for them. But their
trainers look happy, don’t they?
d. I guess you’re right. There’s a lot of poverty in
India, isn’t there?

26
Speaking Strategy (page 77)

Connectors of purpose
But I can’t believe animals are still being treated this
way, can you? 4 His goal in life was to educate the public about
There is a lot of poverty in India, isn’t there? wildlife so that people around the world could share
his knowledge and love for animals. (paragraph 1)
Task
To help him achieve this goal, he and his wife, Terri,
Possible Answer started working on television. (paragraph 3)
Discussion of picture 2 He was scuba diving off the coast of Australia in
Student A: Have you seen this photo of the cock order to film some of the area’s dangerous sea
fight? creatures. (paragraph 3)
Student B: Yeah. Look at the people in the Today, his family still keeps the wildlife park so as to
background. It must be somewhere in continue Steve’s work. (paragraph 4)
Asia, maybe in the Philippines. Cock
fighting is very popular there. 5 1. He studied chemistry in order to find a solution to
Student A: How cruel! You can tell the birds are the problem.
suffering. 2. She used to stay out all night so that she could
Student B: I agree. I suppose it must be terrible for watch the stars.
the birds. But the people watching the 3. So as not to disappoint his parents, he studied
fight look delighted, don’t they? medicine.
Student A: Yes, they do. Perhaps they bet some 4. To save money, he worked hard and rarely went
money on the bird which is winning. out.
Student B: I suppose you’re right. But it’s so violent 5. She studied day and night in order not to fail her
and bloody! exams.
Student B: Yeah. I can’t believe people can have fun 6 1. During her childhood, Jane Goodall was fascinated
out of animals’ suffering. by animals and watched their behaviour closely so
Student A: Cock fights must be banned all around that she could learn more about them.
the world. 2. When she grew up, she dreamed of going to Africa
Student B: I agree. in order to see the wild animals there.
3. As a young woman, Jane worked hard to make
(page 76) money and support herself.
4. Eventually, Goodall spent a lot of time in Africa
WRITING A Biography so that she could observe and study wild
chimpanzees in their natural habitat.
1 1. Paragraph 3 3. Paragraph 1 5. Today, Goodall spends her time teaching. She
2. Paragraph 4 4. Paragraph 2 believes a person can use his or her life to make
the world a better place for humans and animals.
Quotations 7 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c

“I believe that education is all about being excited (page 78)
about something … If we can get people excited
about animals … it makes it a heck of a lot easier to Think BACK
save them.” (paragraph 4) Vocabulary
2 1. Paragraph 4 3. Paragraph 3 1 1. True
2. Paragraph 2 2. False. In the UK, citizens have got rights.
3 We mainly use past tenses (to talk about a person’s 3. False. When you lead people, you tell them what to
achievements): do.
He learned his love for animals from his parents, 4. True
who owned a wildlife park. (paragraph 2) 5. True
During his childhood, he helped take care of them 6. False. Most animals will protect their offspring.
and learned all about their natural habitats and 7. False. Scientists often tag animals in order to track
behaviour. (paragraph 2) them.
By the time he grew up, Irwin had decided that 8. False. Predators hunt their prey.
he would work to protect endangered species.
(paragraph 3)
He and his wife, Terri, started working on television.
(paragraph 3)
Irwin died on 4th September, 2006. He was stung
in the heart by a stingray. At the time he was scuba
diving off the coast of Australia. (paragraph 3)
Steve raised conservation awareness around the
world. (paragraph 4)

27
2 1. We hoped that after the demonstration, people 3 1. The four animals represent positive features of the
would support our cause / sign the petition. people from the country they are from: bravery,
2. Deforestation has an effect on global warming / courage, power, leadership, strength, etc.
the ecological balance. 2. They’re mythological animals which have become
3. I felt very upset after I found out that he had national symbols.
deceived / cheated me. 3. The Lion of England (any English football fan will
4. Various species of animals are endangered / recognise the three lion symbol of the English
wiped out due to loss of their habitat. Football Association); The Red Dragon of Wales
5. The flight landed / took off at 5.00 pm. (Today, the red dragon of Wales can be seen
standing proud on the Welsh flag); The Wolfhound
3 1. famous for 6. various of Ireland (Even today, many Irish names, like
2. hardships 7. concerned Conan, begin with the letter Co, often a derivative
3. raised 8. crops of Cu).
4. encouraged 9. environmentally friendly
5. took … advice 10. diseases
Grammar
4 1. wouldn’t have woken up

2. has been volunteering
3. Do … have to clean
4. didn’t have / get … delivered
5. are going to be moved
6. hadn’t bought
7. was … passed
8. haven’t been fed
5 1. weren’t brought up
2. were behaving
3. could go
4. had been searching
5. have / get … seen
6. do … take after
7. to revise
8. has … been located
Writing Skills
6 1. finally 5. During
2. Although 6. so that
3. due to 7. First
4. In order to
(page 79)
extra CULTURE
Animal Symbols of the UK
2 1. The three golden lions, which are the symbol of

English royalty today, were also the symbol of
Richard the Lionheart, who was famous for his
bravery.
2. The unicorn was considered to be dangerous, so
early artists used to paint a golden chain around
its body, meaning that people would be in
danger if the unicorn escaped.
3. In Welsh, the word draig means both leader and
great fighter.
4. Irish heroes put the syllable Cu before their names
to show their excellence in hunting and in battle.

28
6
(page 80) (page 82)
Getting Started READING
1 Possible Answers 1 Possible Answer

Picture A I think people collect metal rubbish from the streets
Young entrepreneurs are attending a training course to make some cash. Some people can even make a
for self-employment. living by recycling scrap metal.
Picture B
2 SCANNING FOR INFORMATION
A female candidate is being interviewed for a job.
1. Getting Rich in the Recession
Picture C
2. 13 million tonnes
A woman is searching online for a job.
3. about 50 years ago
Picture D
4. Rolex and Mercedes
An apprentice carpenter is being given advice by a
5. 61,000
qualified instructor.
Picture E 3 02|17 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
A student is working as a waitress. 1. d 2. a
Picture F
A construction worker is on a construction site. 4 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True
5 1. The company that Michael runs was set up by his

(page 81) grandparents. (lines 21-23)
2. Michael’s company is very successful in spite
TOPIC Vocabulary of the recession which is affecting other
Work businesses. (lines 28-31)
3. Adam started collecting scrap metal because he
2 1. Picture E 4. Picture B
wasn’t able to find any other job when he got
2. Picture D 5. Picture A out of prison. (lines 32-34)
3. Pictures D, F 6. Picture C 4. Charlie and Alfie are continuing the family
tradition of going through the streets of London
3 1. b 3. a 5. b 7. a
with a pony and cart collecting old things.
2. b 4. a 6. b 8. b (lines 40-45)
5. Collecting and selling metal is a way for Cheryl to
Suffixes -er and -ee support herself and her three children after her

recent divorce. (lines 49-53)
trainee (somebody learning and practising the skills
of a new job).
(page 83)
LISTENING
6 If Michael wears an expensive watch and drives a
4 02|16 luxury car, he must be making a lot of money out of
1. Both 3. Stephen 5. Stephen the scrap metal industry.
2. Lily 4. Stephen 6. Both
7 1. businesses (line 4)
5 She wants to save up money to travel before she goes 2. outdated (line 6)
to university.
3. thrown away (lines 25-26)
trends 4. ancestors (line 42)
5. tough (line 53)
Possible Answer
6. deal in (line 68)
A teen concierge must have good people skills and
should help teen guests plan their visit. They must
have good knowledge of their town or city and must Common Words

be available to answer texts from visiting teens at
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a
any time.
8 Possible Answer
The TV series focuses on the scrap metal industry to
show that even though this business is not glamorous
at all, it is possible for those who work hard to make
serious money.

29
trends LISTENING
Possible Answers 7 02|18
Recycling researchers (They conduct research on the 1. He was under pressure to find work.
time and cost of recycling products.) 2. He’s going to give guitar lessons on the Internet to
Recycling engineers (They ensure that recycling make some money.
plants work smoothly and effectively.) 3. Because on YouTube there is no interaction with
Recycling product designers (They use recycled the person who is teaching so nobody can correct
your mistakes.
materials for making new products.)
8 02|19
(page 84) 1. When using Google Helpouts, the teacher and the
student can see each other.
TOPIC Vocabulary
2. Owen compares the Google Helpouts profile to a
Qualifications résumé of your skills.
1 1. b 2. g 3. f 4. e 5. a 6. c 7. d 3. On the Google Helpouts profile, you write about
your qualifications and experience as well as the
2 1. Fluent times you’ll be available.
2. under pressure 4. Owen has decided to charge some money for his
3. work overtime lessons.
4. career 5. Right now, Owen is using Google Helpouts to learn
how to write CVs and get tips for job interviews.
5. Reliable
6. meets the requirements 9 02|20
7. available 1. True
8. Résumé 2. False. He uses guitar lessons as an example of
how impractical YouTube lessons can be.
trends 3. False. Your profile will appear on the Google
Possible Answer Helpouts site if it meets their requirements.
I think it is fair because you should know that 4. True
what you post can be seen by a lot of people so if 5. False. The guy who is helping Owen doesn’t
you think that some information or some pictures charge for his advice.
shouldn’t be seen by possible employers, then you
had better not post them.
(page 86)
3 Health Film Sport Media Music GRAMMAR

surgeon producer coach reporter pianist RELATIVE CLAUSES
chemist director gymnast journalist composer 1. 1. who / that 4. when
Possible Additional Answers 2. which / that 5. where
nurse actor footballer commentator bassist 3. whose
doctor actress agent photographer guitarist 2. Non-defining Relative Clauses
paediatrician make-up therapist cameraman drummer Teenagers like you, whose work experience is
dentist artist probably limited, can still write a résumé.
Use websites like monster.com, where there are
instructions on résumé writing.
Phrasal Verbs Your future employer, who has to read many
résumés, will only consider candidates ...
4 1. e (formally establish a new company or
organisation) In defining relative clauses, the relative clause is
absolutely necessary to identify the antecedent
2. f (show someone to be different and better than
(the noun modified by the relative clause). Without
others)
the defining relative clause, it is impossible to
3. b (decide to delay an event or activity) know who or what the antecedent refers to.
4. d (state an idea or suggest a plan)
5. c (employ someone) 1 1. Albert Einstein, who was a famous scientist, also
6. a (spend time away from your work) played the violin brilliantly.
2. In 1937, the famous woman pilot, Amelia Earhart,
set out on a flight which / that would be her last.
(page 85)
3. The ship’s captain, Ahab, wanted to find a whale
5 1. 1. a, 2. b 3. 1. a, 2. b whose name was Moby Dick.
2. 1. b, 2. a 4. 1. b, 2. a 4. As a young man, Gaudí moved to Barcelona,
where he studied to be an architect.
5. Ian Fleming’s first novel, which was published in
1953, was about a spy called James Bond.

30
6. Many Beatles fans will always remember 1980, the FORMAL AND INFORMAL STRUCTURES
year when John Lennon, the famous musician, 1. In the formal structure the preposition appears
was murdered. before the relative pronoun, whereas in the
The relative pronoun when can be omitted in informal structure the preposition appears after
sentence 6 because (1) it is part of a defining relative the verb of the relative clause.
clause and (2) the relative pronoun is not the subject 2. In the informal structure it is possible to omit the
of the relative clause. relative pronoun (because it is a defining relative
clause and the relative pronoun is not the subject
2 02|21
of the relative clause).
1. where 5. who / that 3. In Spanish the informal structure cannot be used.
2. which 6. which / that
3. when 7. whose 6 1. The person to whom I was talking is a famous
4. which / that 8. who / that actor.
The person I was talking to is a famous actor.
2. The interview to which I went was long.
(page 87) The interview I went to was long.
3 1. c. There are many new professions which / that 3. The job for which I applied was challenging.
have been created as a result of smartphone The job I applied for was challenging.
technology. 4. I looked into the problem about which you
2. e. One of the newest jobs is an app developer, complained.
whose job is to create mobile-phone applications. I looked into the problem you complained about.
3. b. People use many types of apps which / that 5. She is the excellent lecturer with whom I would
they download onto their mobile phones. like to study.
4. d. Over 40 billion apps have been downloaded She is the excellent lecturer I would like
since 2007, when the iPhone was introduced. to study with.
5. f. Many app developers are people who / that Grammar Challenge
have a degree in computer science. 1. Friday is the day when we have a team meeting.
6. a. Today there are companies where app 2. This is the city where Justin Timberlake
developers work together to create new apps. performed.
4 1. There had been a murder in the village of 3. Owen, who runs a scrap metal business, makes a
Manderly, which was usually a quiet place. lot of money.
2. The detective who / that had been investigating 4. This is the best possible candidate who we could
the crime had not yet found a suspect. choose.
3. Then, early one morning, when the police had 5. I didn’t get the job for which I applied.
almost given up hope, an anonymous caller
telephoned the station. (page 88)
4. The caller told the police to go to a flat which /
that was on the first floor of a building at 5 Brent COMMUNICATION
Street. A Job Interview
5. The caller said, “When you go in, you will see a
group of people who / that are playing poker.” 1 1. Sales Assistant at James Lord Clothing.
6. The murderer, whose name is John, is one of 2. Activity Team Leader (during summer months) and
them. Activity Instructor (only at weekends)
7. The police went to the flat, where they found a 3. Activity Team Leader, Lifeguard and Activity
carpenter, an engineer, a lorry driver, a mechanic Instructor.
and a fireman. 4. Trainee Hairdresser at Jay’s Hairdresser.
The fireman was the only man in the room. All the 5. Lifeguard at Finsbury Sports Centre (Tuesdays
other people were women. and Saturdays) and Activity Instructor at Peak Wall
Climbing (only weekends).
5 Possible Answers
2. It’s very hot in July, which is the month I was born trends
in.
Possible Answers
3. Jason, who is my best friend, always helps me.
You will be more comfortable and relaxed at home so
4. I’ll never forget the school that I’ve attended since
the whole interview will be more natural.
I was a child.
5. This season of Game of Thrones, which is my
favourite television programme, was filmed in
Spain.
6. I’ve always admired people who help out other
people.
7. I’d like to work in Brazil, where there are great job
opportunities for young people.

31
LISTENING Student A: As an Italian national, I’ve got a European

Union passport. I’m also fluent in English
2 02|22 and German.
1. c 2. d 3. a Student B: That’s fine. What are your strengths?
Student A: I’ve got excellent people skills. I’m able
3 For the last year she has been in the school to work under pressure and I’m a fast
swimming team.
learner.
Student B: Great. We like employees who can pick up
(page 89) skills quickly. Could you supply us with
references?
speaking
Student A: Absolutely. I’ve got a letter from my
4 Possible Answers previous employer right here.
Questions asked by an employer Student B: That’s fine. You certainly seem right for
What are your strengths? the job. Have you got any questions you’d
What are your weaknesses? like to ask us?
Why should we hire you? Student A: Yes, please. Will I get on-the-job training?
What do you know about our company? Student B: Definitely. You’ll be taught by one of our
staff. Good. We’ll be in touch soon.
What can you do for us that other candidates can’t?
Student A: Thanks. I look forward to hearing from
Where would you like to be in your career five years
from now? you.
Are you willing to relocate?
List five words that describe your character. (page 90)
What are the qualities of a great leader?
WRITING A Formal E-Mail
Questions asked by a candidate
What would you expect from me this month, in three 1 1. 20/10/2014
months and in a year? 2. Ms Kriel
How does this company measure success? 3. I look forward to hearing from you in the near
What are the additional important skills that I will future.
need to do this job well? 4. I have been playing console games since I was five
Who would my colleagues be? years old. (paragraph 2)
What is your favourite part about working here? I designed a computer game for a school
Could I have a tour? project … the computer game I designed won
Could I meet some people I’d be working with? first prize in a national contest. (paragraph 2)
Do you see any reason why I might not be a good fit My English is fluent. (paragraph 3)
for this position? I’m self-motivated and I am good at working with
other people. (paragraph 3)
5 1. Why do you think you’d be good at this job? I am a fast learner and am interested in a career in
2. I’ve got excellent … skills. games design. (paragraph 3)
3. Have you got previous experience? 5. I am writing in order to apply for the position of
4. Could you supply us with references? Console Games Tester. (paragraph 1)
5. Have you got any questions you’d like to ask us? 6. Console Games Testers Position
6. Will I get on-the-job training? 7. Miranda Sellers
7. May I ask what the starting salary will be? 22 Romilly Road
8. I look forward to hearing from you. Finsbury Park N4 2QX
Mobile: 536-701-8264
Speaking Strategy E-mail: m.sellers@superglobe.net

I’ve got excellent communication skills. 2 Miranda is an excellent candidate because she has
I’m good at working under pressure. got experience with the latest games technology. She
I’m a fast learner. even won a prize in a national contest. Besides, she’s
good at working with other people.
Task trends
Possible Answer In a formal letter we used to include the recipient’s
details (full name, position, company name, address)
Student A: Hello, Mr Smith. Pleased to meet you.
but we needn’t include this information in a formal
Student B: Thank you for coming. What do you know e-mail.
about Malard Tours?
The sender’s address used to appear in the top right
Student A: I know it is a company offering organised corner of the formal letter whereas in a formal e-mail
tours in many destinations.
it appears at the end of the e-mail.
Student B: You’re right. Why do you think you’d be
good at this job as a customer service
representative?

32
(page 91) 5 1. that 5. will

2. wouldn’t 6. is
Formal Language
3. hadn’t 7. can
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. 4. been 8. who
3 2, 6, 8 WRITING SKILLS
WRITING SKILLS REVIEW 6 1. Since 4. Furthermore

2. so as not to 5. As a result of
4 1. as (paragraph 2) 3. Nevertheless 6. After
2. consequently (paragraph 2)
3. in addition (paragraph 2) (page 93)
4. even though (paragraph 3)
5. in order to (paragraph 1)
6. finally (paragraph 2) extra LITERATURE
The Standard of Living
5 1. I believe I am well-suited to this position because
of my previous work experience. 2 1. They are working-class girls who dream of having
2. I have never worked with young children before. a better life. This is important because they are
However, I have taught teenagers. unhappy with their own lives and the things they
have.
3. My current employer says that besides being
dependable, I am hard-working and self- 2. They would like to have a better life in which
motivated. they could spend a lot of money. But even if they
had more money, they might not be happy at all
4. Once I have finished school, I will be able to work
because they may always want to have more and
full-time.
more.
6 1. Although the position is challenging, I feel 3. Because it was an expensive shop and they knew
confident I will succeed. they didn’t really have enough money to buy
2. As a result of organising several charity events, / anything there. Besides, they didn’t know how they
the several charity events that I have organised would be treated by the sales assistant.
for our school, I feel I have developed good 4. Because when they were told how expensive the
organisational skills. pearls were, they realised they would never be able
3. I worked during the summer in order to get work to afford such an expensive necklace, not even in
experience. their dreams.
4. I worked hard. For this reason, I was promoted. 5. They changed the game because in their
imaginary world a million dollars was not enough
5. I have a degree in chemistry. Moreover, I speak
to afford the necklace, so they changed the rules
three languages.
to 10 million dollars so that they could imagine
they could afford to buy more expensive things.
(page 92)
3 Possible Answer
Think BACK Annabel and Midge can be described as superficial
and materialistic because they are only concerned
Vocabulary about appearance and possessions. They can also
be described as dishonest, as they try to give the
1 1. d 3. h 5. f 7. j 9. b impression that they’ve got money.
2. i 4. c 6. e 8. a 10. g
2 1. hire / promote / support

2. self-motivated / reliable / hard-working
3. criticised / punished / fined
4. harm / distress / damage
3 1. in 5. in 8. down
2. out 6. up 9. out
3. down 7. up 10. up
4. up
Grammar
4 1. where 5. must
2. will have found 6. were
3. whose 7. done
4. had not been waiting

33

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Topic Vocabulary: Crim e

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9 1. after 6. into 4 1. am trying 7. did … call

GRAMMAR PERFECT SIMPLE tenses

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4 1. when greeting someone

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Topic Vocabulary: Crim e

(page 10) 2 Identifying Fact and Opinion

1 Possible Answer (page 14)

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2 1. requirement 5. feedback 9  01|10

5 Nouns Adjectives 2 1. had been working

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

5 1. wrong (has been teaching) 5 A

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(page 20) (page 21)

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

 extra TRENDS TODAY

1. Radios and television.

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Topic Vocabulary: Crim e

(page 24) 4 1. False 3. False 5. False

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

(page 28) LISTENING

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

5 Possible Answers (page 34)

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

7 1. Consequently / As a result (page 37)

3 1. take charge 4. have a say

5 1. has been helping

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Topic Vocabulary: Crim e

(page 38) 3. What was really unusual about Saroo’s use of

2 UNDERSTANDING REFERENCE trends

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

1. To get to and from work.

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

(page 45) listening

5 Excerpt A: a travel blog 2  01|30

Grammar Challenge Task

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(page 48) (page 49)

WRITING A Narrative Connectors of Sequence and Time Expressions

1 1. Paragraphs 2 and 3 4 Connectors of Sequence

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

7 1. Besides 4. All of a sudden

2 In both poems the narrator decides to continue his

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Topic Vocabulary: Crim e

4  02|01 (page 55)

(page 54) Common Words

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2 1. False. Sustainable energy sources do not cause any (page 58)

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

(page 59) trends

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Task 5 1. d Our world has a limited supply of fuel.

 extra TRENDS TODAY

1 Waste and Recycling

2 1. Greece recycles the least municipal waste and

Trends 2 Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Topic Vocabulary: Crim e

(page 67) (page 69)

(page 10) 2 Identifying Fact and Opinion

2 1. requirement 5. feedback 9 01|10

extra TRENDS TODAY

(page 24) 4 1. False 3. False 5. False

5 Possible Answers (page 34)

(page 38) 3. What was really unusual about Saroo’s use of

2 UNDERSTANDING REFERENCE trends

1. To get to and from work.

5 Excerpt A: a travel blog 2 01|30

1 1. Paragraphs 2 and 3 4 Connectors of Sequence

2 In both poems the narrator decides to continue his

4 02|01 (page 55)

2 1. False. Sustainable energy sources do not cause any (page 58)

Task 5 1. d Our world has a limited supply of fuel.

extra TRENDS TODAY

2 1. Greece recycles the least municipal waste and

2 02|09 Guessing Meaning from Context

6 1. tired of 4. pleased with 2 1. What colour are mosquitoes attracted to the

1. False. Bacteria first appeared on Earth about

7 1. had been brought 6. are experimented speaking

2 1. The three golden lions, which are the symbol of

5 1. The company that Michael runs was set up by his

LISTENING Student A: As an Italian national, I’ve got a European