CLS Aipmt-15-16 XIII Bot Study-Package-3 Set-1 Chapter-12 PDF

Chapter 12
Plant Growth and Development
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. Which of the following structures show unlimited growth in plants?
(1) Leaves (2) Flowers (3) Fruits (4) Roots
Sol. Answer (4)
Roots, stems show continuous, indeterminate growth due to presence of apical meristem.
Leaves, fruits, flowers show closed, determinate growth due to intercalary meristem.
2. Growth of an organ is defined as

(1) Infinite increase in size (2) Irreversible increase in size
(3) Reversible increase in size (4) Infinite and reversible increase in size
Sol. Answer (2)
Organs show limited growth and growth is irreversible.
3. Which type of cells have the capacity of self perpetuation?

(1) Meristematic cells (2) Companion cells (3) Sieve cells (4) Parenchyma cells
Sol. Answer (1)
These cells are in state of continuous division i.e, they are capable of self perpetuation, have power to
continue indefinitely through division.
4. Plant growth is unique in being

(1) Closed (2) Unlimited (3) Diffuse (4) Limited
Sol. Answer (2)
Plants show indeterminate or unlimited growth, throughout their, life. Hence, we say that plant growth is unique
in being unlimited.
5. Increase in the girth of plant is known as/done by

(1) Primary growth (2) Apical meristem (3) Intercalary meristem (4) Secondary growth
Sol. Answer (4)
Increase in girth is secondary growth.
Increase in height is primary growth.
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76 Plant Growth and Development Solution of Assignment
6. Examples of lateral meristems are

(1) Phellogen and collenchyma (2) Vascular cambium and phellem
(3) Vascular cambium and cork cambium (4) Xylem and cork cambium
Sol. Answer (3)
These are structures which appear later in the life of a plant.
7. Which parameter is used to measure the growth in flat organs like leaves?
(1) Increase in dry weight (2) Increase in cell size
(3) Increase in surface area (4) Increase in length
Sol. Answer (3)
The parameter is used for measuring growth in flat organs like leaves are surface area.
8. Which of the following is difficult to measure directly?

(1) Increase in protoplasm content (2) Increase in surface area
(3) Increase in dry weight (4) Increase in volume
Sol. Answer (1)
Increase in protoplasm content is difficult to measure, while surface area, volume and dry weight measurement
are easy.
9. Deposition of new materials inside the cell wall of cells starts in

(1) Meristematic phase (2) Reproductive phase (3) Maturation phase (4) Elongation phase
Sol. Answer (4)
During this phase cell elongates due to deposition of new materials inside cell wall of cell.
10. Which phase of a sigmoid curve explains the initial phase of growth when growth rate is very slow?
(1) Log phase (2) Lag phase (3) Stationary phase (4) Maturation phase
Sol. Answer (2)
Starting or initial phase.
11. ______ curve is obtained for cells in culture.

(1) J-shaped (2) Linear (3) V-shaped (4) S-shaped
Sol. Answer (4)
S-shaped curve.
Stationary
Growth
Exponential
Lag
Time
Solution of Assignment Plant Growth and Development 77
12. A Leaf of 20 cm2 grows 5 cm2 per hour and B Leaf of 25 cm2 grows 5 cm2 per hour
The relative growth rate of leaf A and B respectively is
(1) 25% and 20% (2) 20% and 25% (3) 50% and 100% (4) 25% and 50%
Sol. Answer (1)
25% & 20%
5 5 Growth per unit time

 100  100 Relative growth rate =  100
20 25 Intial size
25% 20%
13. What happens to the growth of roots during water logging conditions?
(1) Growth is accelerated (2) Growth is inhibited
(3) Growth remains constant (4) First growth is accelerated and then stops
Sol. Answer (2)
Oxygen deficiency occurs due to water logging, thus growth is inhibited.
14. Which of the following is not a function of water in plants?

(1) It is responsible for cell elongation (2) It maintains the turgidity of cells
(3) It acts as a source of energy (4) It provides medium for enzymatic activities
Sol. Answer (3)
It is not producing energy. It helps in maintaining turgidity, cell elongation and in enzymatic activities.
15. Which abiotic factor is not essential for early growth of the plant but growth is sustained only in its presence?
(1) Water (2) Oxygen (3) Nutrients (4) Light
Sol. Answer (4)
Abiotic means non-living. Light is not required for early growth but growth will continue only in its presence.
Water, nutrients, oxygen are required for early growth.
16. Which factor determines the direction of movement of main root and stem?
(1) Oxygen (2) Gravity (3) Temperature (4) Nutrients
Sol. Answer (2)
Root is positive geotropic while stem is negative geotropic.
17. Tracheids do not collapse under extreme tension due to the presence of
(1) Strong, elastic lignocellulosic secondary cell wall (2) Thick, cellulosic primary cell wall
(3) Thin, elastic, cellulosic primary cell wall (4) Thick, hard suberised secondary cell wall
Sol. Answer (1)
Because tracheids have made themselves strong, elastic etc by process of differentiation i.e., specialised for
particular function.
18. Cork, secondary cortex and secondary xylem are formed through
(1) Dedifferentiation (2) Redifferentiation (3) Differentiation (4) Obliteration
Sol. Answer (2)
Cork, secondary cortex and secondary xylem all are secondary structure formed from dedifferentiated cell by
redifferentiation and are responsible for secondary growth.
19. Which of the following is formed after dedifferentiation?

(1) Secondary phloem (2) Secondary cortex
(3) Parenchyma (4) Interfascicular vascular cambium
Sol. Answer (4)
20. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are

(1) Simple organic substances of different chemical composition
(2) Complex organic substances of different chemical composition
(3) Simple and complex organic substances of same chemical composition
(4) Small organic substances of same chemical composition
Sol. Answer (1)
PGRs are simple organic substances of different chemical composition.
21. The ability of a plant to follow different pathways and produce different structures in response to environment
is known as
(1) Heterophylly (2) Plasticity (3) Efficiency index (4) Vernalisation
Sol. Answer (2)
22. Heterophylly means

(1) The appearance of different forms of leaves on the same plant species
(2) The appearance of same form of leaves on different plants
(3) The appearance of same form of flowers on different plants
(4) The appearance of different forms of fruits on the same plant
Sol. Answer (1)
Presence of more than one type of leaves on the same plant is called heterophylly.
23. Which type of phytohormone is made up of indole compounds?

(1) Zeatin (2) ABA (3) Auxin (4) Gibberellins
Sol. Answer (3)
Indole 3-acetic acid - IAA
Indole butyric acid - IBA
24. Two synthetic auxins are

(1) IAA and IBA (2) 2, 4-D and NAA (3) IAA and NAA (4) 2, 4-D and IBA
Sol. Answer (2)
2, 4-D i.e., 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
NAA i.e., Napthalene acetic acid are produced artificially.
25. Which phytohormone promotes falling of old leaves whereas inhibits falling of young leaves?
(1) ABA (2) Cytokinin (3) GA (4) Auxin
Sol. Answer (4)
Auxin hormone prevent falling of young leaves but promotes falling of old leaves.
26. Which auxins are used in diluted form to produce parthenocarpic fruits?
(1) IAA and IBA (2) 2, 4-D and IBA (3) NAA and GA (4) 2, 4-D and IAA
Sol. Answer (1)
IAA and IBA used in parthenocarpy.
Parthenocarpic i.e., seedless fruits are produced by using diluted form of IAA and IBA e.g., tomato.
27. Which of the following auxin is widely used as weedicide?

(1) IAA (2) IBA (3) 2, 4-D (4) NAA
Sol. Answer (3)
It is used to remove unwanted weeds/plants, having broad leaves.
28. Which of the following is not a function of gibberellic acid?

(1) Bolting (2) Delayed senescence (3) Seed germination (4) Ripening
Sol. Answer (4)
Ethylene do ripening
29. Apical dominance is stimulated by auxin whereas it is inhibited by

(1) Ethylene (2) ABA (3) Gibberellic acid (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (4)
Cytokinine is antagonistic to auxin.
30. Phytohormones responsible for cell division in callus are ______ and ______.
(1) ABA and cytokinin (2) Gibberellin and ethylene
(3) Auxin and cytokinin (4) Ethylene and cytokinin
Sol. Answer (3)
Auxin stimulates root formation and cytokinin promotes shoot formation during morphogenesis.
31. Which phytohormone is synthesised in ripened fruits?

(1) ABA (2) Auxin (3) Cytokinin (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (4)
It causes ripening of fruits.
32. Which of the following is incorrect about ethylene?

(1) Promotes root hair formation
(2) It is natural and derivative of carotenoids
(3) It increases the number of female flowers
(4) It causes synchronisation of flowering and fruit set in pineapples
Sol. Answer (2)
Ethylene synthesized from methionine.
33. Select a correct match

(1) GA3 – Early seed production in conifers. (2) Cytokinin – Synchronise fruit set in pineapples.
(3) Auxin – Overcomes senescence. (4) Ethylene – Seed maturation and development
Sol. Answer (1)
In conifers, GA3 induced the early seed production.
34. Which of the following phytohormone is a derivative of carotenoids?
(1) Auxin (2) ABA (3) Ethylene (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (2)
ABA - It is derivative of carotenoids, precursor of ABA is violaxanthin.
35. Match the following (Column - I with Column II)
Column I Column II
a. Ethephon (i) GA
b. Terpene (ii) Ethylene
c. Zeatin (iii) Natural auxin

d. IAA (iv) Cytokinin
(1) a(ii), b(i), c(iii), d(iv) (2) a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii) (3) a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv) (4) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
Sol. Answer (2)
Ethephon (source of ethylene)  Ethylene

Terpene  GA (derivative of terpenes)
Zeatin  Cytokinin
I AA  Natural auxin
36. Match the following (Column - I with Column II)
Column I Column II
a. Weedicide (i) GA3
b. Bolting (ii) Cytokinin

c. Thinning of cotton (iii) Ethylene
d. Lateral shoot growth (iv) 2, 4-D

(1) a(iii), b(ii), c(iv), d(i) (2) a(iv), b(i), c(iii), d(ii) (3) a(iv), b(i), c(ii), d(iii) (4) a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(i)
Sol. Answer (2)

Weedicide  Auxin i.e., 2, 4, D
Bolting  GA
Thining of cotton  Ethylene
Lateral shoot growth  Cytokinin (Stimulate shoot formation)

37. Dormancy of seeds is broken by ethylene whereas it is induced by
(1) Abscisic acid (2) Auxin (3) Cytokinin (4) Gibberellic acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Dormancy of seeds is induced by abscisic acid.
38. The plant hormone which closes the stomata in stressful conditions is
(1) Cytokinin (2) GA (3) Auxin (4) ABA
Sol. Answer (4)
To prevent transpiration in stressfull condition.
39. Both ethylene and ABA are responsible for

(1) Promoting the abscission of leaves and fruits (2) Inducing dormancy of seeds
(3) Stimulation of apical dominance (4) Ripening
Sol. Answer (1)
Ethylene and ABA causing shedding of leaves and fruits, flowers.
40. _________ is a period when growth and development is temporarily stopped.

(1) Dormancy (2) Abscission (3) Senescence (4) Vernalisation
Sol. Answer (1)
It is the condition of seed when it is unable to germinate inspite of availability of all environmental condition
suitable for germination.
41. Florigen results in conversion of

(1) Reproductive bud  Vegetative bud (2) Shoot apex  Flowering bud
(3) Root apex  Reproductive bud (4) Vegetative bud  Lateral shoot
Sol. Answer (2)
Florigen is a hormonal substance responsible for flowering, it migrates from leaves to shoot apices for inducing
flowering.
42. Which type of plants can blossom throughout the year?

(1) Long day plants (2) Short-long day plants (3) Short-day plants (4) Day neutral plants
Sol. Answer (4)
Day neutral plants i.e., no correlation between exposure to light and flower production.
43. Which of the following is an example of short day plant?

(1) Tobacco (2) Sugarbeet (3) Wheat (4) Radish
Sol. Answer (1)
Tobacco is a short day plant.
44. Most of the winter flowering plants belong to

(1) Short long day plants (2) Long day plants (3) Short day plants (4) Day neutral plants
Sol. Answer (3)
As sunlight duration is less during winters.
45. Cucumber and tomato are the examples of

(1) Day neutral plants (2) Short day plants (3) Long day plants (4) Long short day plants
Sol. Answer (1)
In cucumber and tomato flowering occurs throughout year i.e., day neutral plants.
46. The site of preception of light in plants for flowering is

(1) Stems (2) Roots (3) Leaves (4) Fruits
Sol. Answer (3)
During flowering stimulus recevied by leaves.
47. The hormonal substance which migrates from leaves to shoot apices to induce flowering is
(1) Dormin (2) Zeatin (3) Kinetin (4) Florigen
Sol. Answer (4)
Florigen is a hypothetical hormone.
48. Some plants like sugarbeet and cabbage required low temperature for flowering. This phenomenon is called
(1) Photoperiodism (2) Parthenocarpy (3) Vernalisation (4) Abscission
Sol. Answer (3)
Low temperature treatment given to seeds to induce flowering.
49. Which of the following is incorrect about vernalisation?

(1) It prevents precocious reproductive development (2) It is observed in winter variety of wheat
(3) Flowering is stimulated by low temperature (4) It is the resting stage of seeds
Sol. Answer (4)
Vernalization is not the resting stage of seeds.
50. During vernalisation, the stimulus of low temperature is perceived by

(1) Stem apex (2) Leaves (3) Roots (4) Bark
Sol. Answer (1)
During vernalisation, the stimulus of low temperature is perceived by shoot apex of the plants.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. Growth in plant organs is
(1) Qualitative and extrinsic (2) Quantitative and intrinsic
(3) Qualitative and intrinsic (4) Quantitative and extrinsic
Sol. Answer (2)
Organs made up different tissues inside the plant body.
2. The growth in plants differs from growth in animals in

(1) Being localized and indefinite (2) Being indefinite
(3) Having indefinite life span (4) Having definite life span
Sol. Answer (1)
Growth in plant is unlimited, indeterminate and indefinite.
3. Find out the correct statement(s).
(a) Growth in plants is internal/intrinsic and open ended
(b) Formation of cellular materials is called real or protoplasmic growth
(c) Plant growth is diffused only during the early embryonic stage
(1) Only (a) & (b) (2) (b) only (3) Only (b) & (c) (4) (a), (b) & (c)
Sol. Answer (4)
4. Find odd one w.r.t. differentiation

(1) Loss of nucleus in sieve (2) Death of protoplasm in tracheary elements
(3) Callus formation (4) Lignification in vessels
Sol. Answer (3)
Mass of undifferentiated cells.
5. Which of the given is/are examples of differentiation?

(1) Loss of nucleus and perforations in some sieve tube members
(2) Lignin deposition in tracheids and vessels
(3) Differential wall thickening in guard cells
(4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
Permanent change in structure, biochemistry, size and physiology of cell is called differentiation.
6. If an etiolated stem could be first saturated with auxin by spraying and then exposed to a streak of light from
one side, it will
(1) Bend towards the light (2) Bend away from the light
(3) Grow straight upwards (4) Be prevented from growing
Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin causes phototropic response.
7. Which is not a physiological effect of auxins?

(1) Cell elongation (2) Development of parthenocarpic fruits
(3) Prevention of abscission of leaves and fruits (4) Reversal of genetic dwarfism
Sol. Answer (4)
It is shown by Gibberellins.
8. The direction of the transport of auxins is

(1) Polar in basipetal (2) Polar in acropetal
(3) Through xylem (4) Through phloem
Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin movement is polar, it is basipetal in stem.
9. Larkspur, Ranunculus and cotton plants are similar in the presence of

(1) Developmental heterophylly (2) Plasticity
(3) Environmental heterophylly (4) Homospory
Sol. Answer (2)
Plasticity : Ability of plant to follow different pathways in response to environment to form different kinds of
structures.
10. Pruning of tea plants is done to discard the effects of

(1) GA3 (2) Auxin (3) Cytokinin (4) ABA
Sol. Answer (2)
To get rid of apical dominance we do trimming of tea plant.
11. Which of the following hormone is weak organic acid having unsaturated ring structures and derived from amino
acid?
(1) Cytokinin (2) Auxin (3) Gibberellins (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (2)
Tryptophan is the amino acid from which auxin is derived.
12. Specific property attributed to GA is

(1) Shortening of genetically tall plants (2) Elongation of genetically dwarf plants
(3) Rooting of stem cuttings (4) Promotion of leaf and fruit fall
Sol. Answer (2)
Gibberellines promote the internodal elongation
13. The plant hormone which is basic in nature?

(1) Auxin (2) Gibberellins (3) Cytokinin (4) Abscisic acid
Sol. Answer (3)
Cytokinin is basic in nature while auxin, gibberelliness and abscisic acid are acidic in nature.
14. Delay of senescence or Richmond Lang effect is a physiological effect of

(1) IAA (2) CK (3) GA (4) C2H4
Sol. Answer (2)
Richmond-Lang effect  A dramatic effect of cytokinins to postpone senescence in plant tissues.
15. Shelf life of vegetables and cut flowers can be increased by commercial application of
(1) Cytokinin (2) AMO1618 (3) Cyclocel (4) Phosphon-D
Sol. Answer (1)
Cytokinin acts as overcoming of senescence.
16. The phytohormone combination which is the key regulator of cell differentiation and morphogenesis is
(1) Cytokinin & IAA (2) IAA & ABA (3) IAA & GA3 (4) Cytokinin & Gibberellin
Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin and Cytokinin hormones help in morphogenesis.
17. Cytokinins are said to be antiageing hormone because they delay the senescence by
(1) Controlling mobilisation of resources (2) Controlling protein synthesis
(3) Decreased morphogenesis and high respiration (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
Cytokinin helps in delay of senescence by mobilisation of resources and control of protein synthesis.
18. Number of female flowers can be increased by application of

(1) IAA (2) C2H4 (3) CK (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
IAA, C2H4, CK all increases the number of female flowers.
19. Triple response is shown by hormone

(1) Ethylene (2) CK (3) 2, 4-D (4) GA3
Sol. Answer (1)
Triple response include inhibition of elongation, promotion of lateral growth and swelling.
20. CH2 = CH2 is mainly responsible for

(1) Formation of internode (2) Formation of nodes
(3) Ripening of fruits (4) Formation of internodes
Sol. Answer (3)
Ethylene is helpful in ripening of fruits.
21. The hormone which can replace long days and low temperature requirement for flowering in some plants is
(1) Gibberellin (2) Cytokinin (3) Vernalin (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (1)
Gibberelline hormone acts as substitute of vernalisation.
22. Gibberellin mediate amylase formation during germination of cereal grains is inhibited by
(1) Abscisic acid (2) Ethylene (3) Gibberellins (4) Cytokinins
Sol. Answer (1)
Abscisic acid is antagonistic to gibberelline.
23. Select an incorrect match

(1) Tryptophan - Auxin
(2) Methionine - Ethylene
(3) tRNA - Cytokinin
(4) Violaxanthin - GA3
Sol. Answer (4)
GA3 —— Acetyl CoA
24. Which is not true for abscisic acid?

(1) Acts as antitranspirant (2) Synthesized in chloroplast from carotenoids
(3) Increases stress tolerance in plants (4) Induces epinasty of leaves and flowers
Sol. Answer (4)
Epinasty induces by ethylene.
25. Which hormone stimulates the closure of stomata in the epidermis and increases the tolerance of plants to
various kinds of stresses?
(1) ABA (2) Cytokinin
(3) GA3 (4) Auxin
Sol. Answer (1)
It acts as antitranspirant.
26. Match the following

Column I Column II
a. Auxin (i) Root hair formation
b. Cytokinin (ii) Seed development
c. Ethylene (iii) Xylem differentiation
d. ABA (iv) Nutrient mobilisation
(1) a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(i) (2) a(ii), b(iii), c(i), d(iv)
(3) a(i), b(iii), c(ii), d(iv) (4) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
Sol. Answer (4)
27. Condition of suspended growth due to external environmental conditions is called

(1) Dormancy (2) Rest (3) Quiescence (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
It is the condition of a seed when it is unable to germinate because conditions for germination are not
available.
28. Seed dormancy in tomato seeds is due to

(1) Impermeable seed coat (2) Immature embryo
(3) Presence of ferulic acid in pulp (4) Abscisic acid in pulp
Sol. Answer (3)
In tomato, seed dormancy occurs due to presence of ferulic acid in pulp.
29. Which of the given event does not happen during seed germination?
(1) Emergence of radicle (2) Increase in rate of respiration
(3) Hydrolysis of stored polysaccharides and proteins (4) Photosynthesis by cotyledons
Sol. Answer (4)
Photosynthesis absent in cotyledons.
30. For flowering, critical dark period should always be exceeded in

(1) Long day plants (2) Short day plants
(3) Day neutral plants (4) All type of plants
Sol. Answer (2)
They require light below critical light / photoperiod.
31. Which of the following statements does not characterize photoperiodism?
(1) Mediated by florigen hormone
(2) Conversion of shoot apex into reproductive apex
(3) Red light is stimulatory in SDP, LDP and DNP for flowering
(4) Photoperiodic stimulus is perceived by mature leaf
Sol. Answer (3)
Photoperiodic induction : The photoperiod-regulated process that occurs in the leaves resulting in the trans-
mission of floral stimulus to shoot apex is collectively as photoperiodic induction. Number of photoperiodic
induction varies from plants to plants. i.e., duration of light and dark period.
32. Hypothetical 'florigen' could be produced prematurely in long day plant by exposing it to
(1) Shortening light period (2) Red light during night
(3) Extending dark period (4) Far red light
Sol. Answer (2)
Pfr
Since for long day plants  1 . Now day length does not have direct effect on buds but it causes leaves
Pr
to mature a hormone that moves from leaves to buds i.e., florigen in presence of red light Pr converted into
P fr .
33. All given statements are correct w.r.t. photoperiodism, except

(1) Discovered by Garner and Allard in a variety of tobacco
(2) Stimulus is received by young leaves
(3) Florigen is the hypothetical hormone produced in response to stimulus
(4) Florigen is transported to bud through phloem
Sol. Answer (2)
Very young leaves and senescent leaves are often infective or at least less effective than mature leaves.
34. Which of the following pair is mismatched?
(1) Triticum aestivum - LDP (2) Zea mays - DNP
(3) Glycine max - SDP (4) Raphanus sativus - SLDP
Sol. Answer (4)
Radish is LDP.
35. Which is not a requirement of vernalisation?
(1) Aerobic condition (2) Moisture
(3) Low temperature (4) Differentiated tissues
Sol. Answer (4)
Vernalisation occurs at meristematic tissue.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Auxin can be bioassayed by [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Lettuce hypocotyl elongation (2) Avena coleoptile curvature
(3) Hydroponics (4) Potometer
Sol. Answer (2)
2. Typical growth curve in plants is [AIPMT-2015]

(1) Parabolic (2) Sigmoid (3) Linear (4) Stair-steps shaped
Sol. Answer (2)
In plants typical growth curve is sigmoid.
3. What causes a green plant exposed to the light on only one side, to bend toward the source of light as it
grows? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Auxin accumulates on the shaded side, stimulating greater cell elongation there
(2) Green plants need light to perform photosynthesis
(3) Green plants seek light because they are phototropic
(4) Light stimulates plant cells on the lighted side to grow faster
Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin accumulated towards dark side and increase cell elongation, then bending occurs.
4. A few normal seedings of tomato were kept in a dark room. After a few days they were found to have become white-
coloured like albinos. Which of the following terms will you use to describe them? [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Mutated (2) Embolised (3) Etiolated (4) Defoliated
Sol. Answer (3)
Yellowing of leaves due to absence of light is known as etiolation.
5. Which one of the following growth regulators is known as stress hormone? [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Abscissic acid (2) Ethylene (3) GA3 (4) Indole acetic acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Synthesis of abscisic acid stimulated by drought and other adverse condition, thus it is called stress
hormone.
6. Dr.F. Went noted that if coleoptile tips were removed and placed on agar for one hour, the agar would produce a
bending when placed on one side of freshly - cut coleoptile stumps. Of what significance is this experiment?
[AIPMT-2014]
(1) It made possible the isolation and exact identification of auxin
(2) It is the basis for quantitative determination of small amounts of growth-promoting substances
(3) It supports the hypothesis that IAA is auxin
(4) It demonstrated polar movement of auxins
Sol. Answer (2)
Growth Auxin 
Growth Auxin 
7. During seed germination its stored food is mobilized by [NEET-2013]
(1) Cytokinin (2) ABA (3) Gibberellin (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (3)
GA
Embryo   Aleurone layer   - Amylase, Proteases

Seed germinates  ATP  Sugar  Starchy endosperm
8. Through their effect on plant growth regulators, what do the temperature and light control in the plants?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Apical dominance (2) Flowering (3) Closure of stomata (4) Fruit elongation
Sol. Answer (2)
In the presence of light, florigen migrates from shoot to buds for inducing flowers.
9. Which one of the following generally acts as an antagonist to gibberellins? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Zeatin (2) Ethylene (3) ABA (4) IAA
Sol. Answer (3)
ABA is Anti GA.
i.e., ABA works opposite to GA.
10. Vernalisation stimulates flowering in [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

(1) Zamikand (2) Turmeric (3) Carrot (4) Ginger
Sol. Answer (3)
Vernalisation occurs in annual and biennial plants like wheat, cabbage, carrot etc.
11. Photoperiodism was first characterised in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Cotton (2) Tobacco (3) Potato (4) Tomato
Sol. Answer (2)
By Garner and Allard  Found that they can flower only if plants were exposed to number of short days.
12. Phototropic curvature is the result of uneven distribution of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

(1) Auxin (2) Gibberellin (3) Phytochrome (4) Cytokinins
Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin move from illuminated site to dark site.
13. Coiling of garden pea tendrils around any support is an example of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Thermotaxis (2) Thigmotaxis (3) Thigmonasty (4) Thigmotropism
Sol. Answer (4)
14. One of the commonly used plant growth hormone is tea plantations is [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Ethylene (2) Abscisic acid (3) Zeatin (4) Indole-3-acetic acid
Sol. Answer (4)
15. Root development is promoted by [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Abscisic acid (2) Auxin (3) Gibberellin (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (4)

Root development is a function of ethylene.
16. One of the synthetic auxin is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) IAA (2) GA (3) IBA (4) NAA
Sol. Answer (4)
17. Which one of the following acids is a derivative of carotenoids? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Indole-3-acetic acid (2) Gibberellic acid (3) Abscisic acid (4) Indole butyric acid
Sol. Answer (3)

Abscisic acid acts as derivative of carotenoids.
18. Senescence as an active developmental cellular process in the growth and functioning of a flowering plant, is
indicated in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Floral parts (2) Vessels and tracheid differentiation
(3) Leaf abscission (4) Annual plants
Sol. Answer (3)
Ageing  Shedding
19. Importance of day length in flowering of plants was first shown in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Petunia (2) Lemna (3) Tobacco (4) Cotton

Sol. Answer (3)
Photoperiodism observed in tobacco by Garner and Allard.
20. “Foolish Seedling” disease of rice led to the discovery of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) IAA (2) GA (3) ABA (4) 2, 4 – D
Sol. Answer (2)
First this hormone was discovered in rice seedling, in which some plants were tall and some were dwarf, due
to fungi Gibberella fujikuroi and called this disease "Bakane" (foolish seedling disease).
21. Opening of floral buds into flowers, is type of: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Autonomic movement of growth (2) Autonomic movement of locomotion
(3) Autonomic movement of variation (4) Paratonic movement of growth
Sol. Answer (1)
Autonomic movement of growth  A Plant movement that results from internal growth changes and is
independent of changes in external environment.
22. Which one of the following pairs, is not correctly matched? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) IAA – Cell wall elongation (2) Abscissic acid – Stomatal closure
(3) Gibberellic acid – Leaf fall (4) Cytokinin – Cell division
Sol. Answer (3)
ABA promotes abscission.
23. The wavelength of light absorbed by Pr form of phytochrome is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 660 nm (2) 720 nm (3) 620 nm (4) 640 nm

Sol. Answer (1)
660 nm

Pr
Pfr
730 nm
24. How does pruning help in making the hedge dense? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) It induces the differentiation of new shoots from the rootstock
(2) It frees axillary buds from apical dominance
(3) The apical shoot grows faster after pruning
(4) It releases wound hormones

Sol. Answer (2)
25. Treatment of seed at low temperature under moist conditions to break its dormancy is called :
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Scarification (2) Vernalization (3) Chelation (4) Stratification

Sol. Answer (4)
Low temperature treatment of seed for germination is called stratification.
26. An enzyme that can stimulate germination of barley seeds is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) -amylase (2) Lipase (3) Protease (4) Invertase
Sol. Answer (1)
27. Farmers in a particular region were concerned that pre-mature yellowing of leaves of a pulse crop might cause
decrease in the yield. Which treatment could be most beneficial to obtain maximum seed yield?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Application of iron and magnesium to promote synthesis of chlorophyll
(2) Frequent irrigation of the crop
(3) Treatment of the plants with cytokinins along with a small dose of nitrogenous fertilizer
(4) Removal of all yellow leaves and spraying the remaining green leaves with 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy acetic
acid
Sol. Answer (3)
Cytokinin will delay senescence, promotes cell division and fertilizers will make the soil fertile.
28. The ability of the venus flytrap to capture insects is due to : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Chemical stimulation by the prey
(2) A passive process requiring no special ability on the part of the plant
(3) Specialized “muscle-like” cells
(4) Rapid turgor pressure changes
Sol. Answer (4)
29. The pineapple which under natural conditions is difficult to blossom has been made to produce fruits throughout
the year by application of
(1) IAA, IBA (2) NAA, 2, 4-D (3) Phenyl acetic acid (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (2)
Auxin induces flowering in pineapple and litchi
30. If the growing plant is decapitated, then

(1) Its growth stops (2) Leaves become yellow and fall down
(3) Axillary buds are inactivated (4) Axillary buds are activated
Sol. Answer (4)
Due to presence of auxin at tip axillary bud are unable to develop into leaves, i.e., apical dominance but if
we remove tip then they can develop.
31. The movement of auxin is largely

(1) Centripetal (2) Basipetal (3) Acropetal (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (2)
From tip to base.
32. 2, 4-D is an effective

(1) Rodenticide (2) Wormicide (3) Fungicide (4) Weedicide
Sol. Answer (4)
2, 4-D is an auxin used to remove unwanted plants with crops.
33. Which one among the following chemicals is used for causing defoliation of forest trees?
(1) Malic hydrazide (2) 2, 4-D (3) AMO-1618 (4) Phosphon D
Sol. Answer (2)
2, 4-D is used as weedicides.
34. If the apical bud has been removed then we observe

(1) More lateral branches (2) More adventitious buds
(3) Plant growth stops (4) Flowering stops
Sol. Answer (1)
Loss of apical dominance.
35. Which of the following prevents the fall of fruits?
(1) GA3 (2) NAA (3) Ethylene (4) Zeatin
Sol. Answer (2)
Auxin prevents abscision.
36. Plants deficient of element zinc, show its effect on the biosynthesis of plant growth hormone
(1) Auxin (2) Cytokinin (3) Ethylene (4) Abscissic acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Precursor : Tryptophan require Zn2+ for its synthesis.
37. The maximum growth rate occurs in

(1) Stationary phase (2) Senescent phase (3) Lag phase (4) Exponential phase
Sol. Answer (4)
The growth rate is maximum in exponential phase.
38. Gibberellic acid induces flower

(1) In short day plants under long day conditions (2) In day-neutral plants under dark conditions
(3) In some gymnospermic plants only (4) In long day plants under short day conditions
Sol. Answer (4)
GB
Florigen
Anthesin
Under short day condition GB will be deficient but anthesin is sufficient, so if we provide GB then it
induces flower.
39. Which breaks dormancy of potato tuber?
(1) Gibberellin (2) IAA (3) ABA (4) Zeatin
Sol. Answer (1)
Gibberellin breaks the dormancy and promote germination.
40. Cell elongation in internodal regions of the green plants takes place due to
(1) Indole acetic acid (2) Cytokinins (3) Gibberellins (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (3)

Shows process of bolting, causes stem elongation in rosette plants.
41. Natural cytokinins are synthesized in tissues that are
(1) Senescent (2) Dividing rapidly (3) Storing food material (4) Differentiating
Sol. Answer (2)
Cytokinins are synthesized in rapidly dividing cells.
42. Differentiation of shoot is controlled by
(1) High auxin : cytokinin ratio (2) High cytokinin : auxin ratio
(3) High gibberellin : auxin ratio (4) High gibberellin : cytokinin ratio
Sol. Answer (2)
Auxin
 1 
 Root
Cytokinin
CY
 1 
 Shoot
Auxin
43. Coconut milk factor is
(1) Auxin (2) A Gibberellin (3) Abscissic acid (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (4)
Coconut milk also has cytokinin.
44. Which combination of gases is suitable for fruit ripening?

(1) 80% CH4 and 20% CO2 (2) 80% CO2 and 20% O2
(3) 80% C2H4 and 20% CO2 (4) 80% CO2 and 20% CH2
Sol. Answer (3)
Ethylene causes fruits ripening
45. Which hormone is responsible for fruit ripening?

(1) Ethylene (2) Auxin (3) Ethyl chloride (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (1)
Ethylene is fruit ripening hormone.
46. ABA is involved in

(1) Shoot elongation (2) Increased cell division (3) Dormancy of seeds (4) Root elongation
Sol. Answer (3)
ABA is growth inhibitor.
47. Hormone responsible for senescence

(1) ABA (2) Auxin (3) GA (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (1)
Growth inhibiting hormone.
48. By which action a seed coat becomes permeable to water?

(1) Scarification (2) Stratification (3) Vernalization (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Removal of seed coat or weakening of seed coat is called scarification.
49. The response of different organisms to the environmental rhythms of light and darkness is called
(1) Vernalization (2) Photoperiodism (3) Phototaxis (4) Phototropism
Sol. Answer (2)
The effect of light duration for flowering is known as photoperiodism.
50. Which plant is LDP?
(1) Tobacco (2) Glycine max (3) Mirabilis jalapa (4) Spinach
Sol. Answer (4)
Spinach is long day plants.
51. Proteinaceous pigment which control the activities concerned with light
(1) Phytochrome (2) Chlorophyll (3) Anthocyanin (4) Carotenoids
Sol. Answer (1)
Phytochrome is the photoreceptor pigment.
52. One set of the plant was grown at 12 hours day and 12 hours night period cycles and it flowered while in
the other set night phase was interrupted by flash of light and it did not produce flower. Under which one of
the following categories will you place other set of plant?
(1) Long day (2) Darkness neutral (3) Day neutral (4) Short day
Sol. Answer (4)

Short day plant are actually long night plant, when night phase was interrupted by flash of light, it did not
produce flower.
53. What will be the effect on phytochrome in a plant subjected to continuous red light?
(1) Phytochrome synthesis will increase (2) Level of phytochrome will decrease
(3) Phytochrome will be destroyed (4) First (2) then (1)
Sol. Answer (4)
In continuous red light Pr gets converted to Pfr i.e., Pr level decreasing, at same time Pfr synthesis increases.
54. The pigment, that absorbs red and far red light in plants, is
(1) Phytochrome (2) Carotene (3) Xanthophyll (4) Cytochrome
Sol. Answer (1)
Red light

Pr
Pfr
Far red light
55. Phytochrome becomes active in

(1) Red light (2) Green light (3) Blue light (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Red light

Pr
Pfr
56. The viability of seeds is tested by

(1) Safranin (2) 2, 6 dichlorophenol indophenols
(3) 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (4) DMSO
Sol. Answer (3)
2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride is a white salt which gives a colourless solution in water. In living cells,
it gets hydrated to red formazan. Accordingly the red staining of seed endosperm or embryo indicate viability
of seed.
57. The twinning of tendrils around a support is a good example of

(1) Phototropism (2) Chemotropism (3) Nastic movements (4) Thigmotropism
Sol. Answer (4)
It is growth with respect to touch, enables roots to grow around obstacles and is responsible for ability of shoots
of climbing plants to wrap around other structures for support.
58. The closing and opening of the leaves of Mimosa pudica is due to
(1) Seismonastic movement (2) Chemonastic movement
(3) Thermonastic movement (4) Hydrotropic movement
Sol. Answer (1)
Seismonastic movement
Diffused movement
Response to non-directional shock stimulus; e.g., when lightly struck / shaken.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : If a plant is kept horizontally, auxin accumulates on lower surface.

R : Displacement of statoliths and other cell organelles to lower surface modifies the translocation pattern of
auxin.
Sol. Answer (1)
At tip of each root there are cells that contain membrane bound starch grain called statoliths  Gravity sensor
in plants.
2. A : Only bud, or embryo can be vernalized.

R : Vernalization requires dividing cells.
Sol. Answer (1)
Bud, embryo has dividing cells.
3. A : Phytochrome, a protein, has regulatory function.

R : Various morphogenetic processes are regulated by it.
Sol. Answer (1)
Phytochrome is a protein, regulates. Flowering in short day and long day plants.
4. A : Auxins treatment cause acidification of cellwall and help in cell elongation.
R : Loosening of cell wall microfibrils occurs.
Sol. Answer (1)

Auxin makes Cell wall Acidic
Elongation of cell Enzyme (Epansin)
New cell material diluted (low pH)
Looser up Cellulose breaks H-bonds

network
5. A : Cytokinins are anti ageing hormones.

R : They cause changes in osmotic potential by increasing the volume of mature cells.
Sol. Answer (2)
Cytokinins delay the senescence i.e., antiageing hormone and increase the mobilisation of elements.
6. A : Gibberellic acid increases the yield of malt from barley grain.

R : Gibberellins stimulate the synthesis of amylase, protease and other hydrolytic enzymes for mobilisation of
reserve food.
Sol. Answer (1)
(Malt)
GA Beer Maltose
Embryo Aleurone layer
Enzyms
Hydrolytic enzymes Starchy endosperm
( - amylase)
Seed germination ATP Sugar
7. A : 2, 4-D is widely used by farmers in agricultural and horticultural practices.

R : Flowering in most plants can be initiated by using high concentration of Auxin.
Sol. Answer (3)
2, 4D  to remove weeds.
Florigen  flowers
8. A : Cytokinin along with the auxin are required for morphogenesis.

R : More cytokinin to auxin ratio promote root initiation during micropropagation.
Sol. Answer (3)
Cytokin
ratio promotes shots and roots.
Auxin
Cytokin Auxin
 1  Shoot,  1  Root
Auxin Cytokin
9. A : Seeds do not sprout when ABA is overcome by Gibberellins.

R : GA inhibits protein and RNA synthesis.
Sol. Answer (4)
Seeds/buds sprout only when ABA is overcome by gibberellins. ABA inhibits protein and RNA synthesis.
10. A : Soyabean and sugarbeet flower when they are exposed to a photoperiod shorter than critical period.
R : Most of winter flowering plants are LDP.
Sol. Answer (4)
Soyabean  Short day plant.
Sugerbeet – Long day plant.
Winter flowers – SDP.


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Chapter 12

Plant Growth and Development

2. Growth of an organ is defined as

3. Which type of cells have the capacity of self perpetuation?

4. Plant growth is unique in being

5. Increase in the girth of plant is known as/done by

6. Examples of lateral meristems are

These are structures which appear later in the life of a plant.

8. Which of the following is difficult to measure directly?

9. Deposition of new materials inside the cell wall of cells starts in

Starting or initial phase.

11. ______ curve is obtained for cells in culture.

5 5 Growth per unit time

Oxygen deficiency occurs due to water logging, thus growth is inhibited.

14. Which of the following is not a function of water in plants?

Root is positive geotropic while stem is negative geotropic.

19. Which of the following is formed after dedifferentiation?

20. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are

22. Heterophylly means

23. Which type of phytohormone is made up of indole compounds?

24. Two synthetic auxins are

27. Which of the following auxin is widely used as weedicide?

28. Which of the following is not a function of gibberellic acid?

29. Apical dominance is stimulated by auxin whereas it is inhibited by

31. Which phytohormone is synthesised in ripened fruits?

32. Which of the following is incorrect about ethylene?

33. Select a correct match

In conifers, GA3 induced the early seed production.

34. Which of the following phytohormone is a derivative of carotenoids?

(1) Auxin (2) ABA (3) Ethylene (4) Cytokinin

Sol. Answer (2)

ABA - It is derivative of carotenoids, precursor of ABA is violaxanthin.

35. Match the following (Column - I with Column II)

c. Zeatin (iii) Natural auxin

Ethephon (source of ethylene)  Ethylene

36. Match the following (Column - I with Column II)

b. Bolting (ii) Cytokinin

d. Lateral shoot growth (iv) 2, 4-D

Sol. Answer (2)

Lateral shoot growth  Cytokinin (Stimulate shoot formation)

39. Both ethylene and ABA are responsible for

40. _________ is a period when growth and development is temporarily stopped.

41. Florigen results in conversion of

42. Which type of plants can blossom throughout the year?

43. Which of the following is an example of short day plant?

44. Most of the winter flowering plants belong to

45. Cucumber and tomato are the examples of

46. The site of preception of light in plants for flowering is

49. Which of the following is incorrect about vernalisation?

50. During vernalisation, the stimulus of low temperature is perceived by

2. The growth in plants differs from growth in animals in

4. Find odd one w.r.t. differentiation

5. Which of the given is/are examples of differentiation?

7. Which is not a physiological effect of auxins?

8. The direction of the transport of auxins is

9. Larkspur, Ranunculus and cotton plants are similar in the presence of

10. Pruning of tea plants is done to discard the effects of

12. Specific property attributed to GA is

13. The plant hormone which is basic in nature?

14. Delay of senescence or Richmond Lang effect is a physiological effect of

18. Number of female flowers can be increased by application of

19. Triple response is shown by hormone

20. CH2 = CH2 is mainly responsible for