G D GOENKA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL UDAIPUR

SESSION 2019-20

SUMMER HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

GRADE –XII- Science

ENGLISH
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Many great inventions are initially greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of
the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first
powered flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed, others reacted
with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people.
Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying
machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights.
Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.

Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and
mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and
mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing
press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death
of Otto Lilienthal, the brothers' interest in flight grew into a compulsion.

Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in
the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers and they
searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In
1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control
techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost
led them to abandon their efforts.

After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air
pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a
series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were
repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved
surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for the brothers to design a machine
that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than
$1,000. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion-a lightweight
gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane
pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for 12 seconds
however and it flew 120 feet.

By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and
remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons and hang
gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could
fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding
engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the
fathers of aviation.

A.1. Answer the following questions:

(a) How did people react when they heard about the first powered flight?

(b) How did the Wright brothers earn their living in their youth?

(c) What were the main characteristics of the first airplane of the Wrights?

(d) Complete the sentences:

(i) Lilienthal's idea about controlling airborne vehicles was _________ the
Wrights.
(i) The old tables were _________ and replaced by the first reliable figures for
air pressure on curved surfaces.
(e) Write the synonym of the following word from the passage:

(i) Urged (para 1)

(f) Write the antonym of the following word from the passage:

(i) Forfeit (para 3)

Q2 You are Ram? Rajni, secretary, social service club, Sun public School, Nagpur.
Your club is organizing a book fair for your school student. Draft a notice giving all
the relevant information about the event in not more than 50 words.

Q3 .You are a fitness trainer in a health club. Design a poster in not more than 50
words, to emphasise the importance of exercise in maintaining mental and physical
fitness. You are Prem / Priya.

Q4. The rising prices of essential commodities make life difficult for the common
man. As a concerned citizen write an article in 200 words on ‘rising prices’. Suggest
solutions to solve this problem. You are Amit/Anita.

Q5 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and
selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked, like medical practice itself,
with belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so, as the development
of scientific techniques made it possible diagnosis has become possible.
The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses-with
specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses of which the causes
 remain unknown, he is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment
of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and
when to attack the cause. This is the essential difference between medical
prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of
medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many
countries public health organization is improving and people’s nutritional
standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an
adverse effect. One is the use of high pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical
industry which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to
the overuse of drugs generally. The other is emergence of eating, insufficient
sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty
habits such as these , as well as well from unhappy human relationships , often
resort to self –medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list
.Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic suffers who will try anything because doctors
have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation,
particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-by suggestion-a very real effect in
some people .Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild
complaints such as simple cold and coughs which clear up by themselves within a
short time.
These are the main reasons, why laxatives, indigestion-
remedies, painkillers, cough-mixtures, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets, nose drops,
ointments and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households.
It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health, it may
even make it worse. Worse, because the preparation may contain unsuitable
ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse
because they might be taken excess; worse because they may cause poisoning ,
and worst of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be
asked and therefore medical help may not be sought. Self-diagnosis is a greater
danger than self-medication.

Questions
(A) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it, in points
Only, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognizable abbreviations,
Wherever necessary (Minimum four). Supply an appropriate title

(B) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words.

Q4 As an educationist, you have noticed that the present generation has lost the
habit of
Reading. Design a poster in not more than 50 words highlighting the importance
of
Reading And the value of books.

Re-read all the chapters taught in the class of literature.

 PHYSICS
1. Prepare an Investigatory Projects Report on any of the
following topics
List of Investigatory Projects (suggested by CBSE Curriculum)

1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell

depends.

2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR

because of a variation in
(a) The power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all
the lamps at a fixed distance).
(b) The distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the
LDR.
3. To find the refractive indices of
(a) Water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an equi convex lens (made
from a glass of known refractive index) (c) and an adjustable object needle.

4. To design an appropriate logic gate combination for a given truth table.

5. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (a) Output and input voltage
and (b) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed
transformer.

6. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of

incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.

7. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (or
pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.

8. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing

the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/ (bulb) in a circuit fed up
by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

9. To study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer.

2. Briefly describe the following instrument and its uses ( in 200 Words )
1. Potentiometer
2. Galvanometer
3. voltmeter
4. ammeter
5. Diode and
6. Zener Diode
7. Transformer
8. Capacitor
 CHEMISTRY
1. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in
carbon tetrachloride.
2. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of
K2SO4 in 2 litre of water at 25°C, as timing that it is completely dissociated.

3. Concentrated nitric acid used in laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in
aqueous solution. What should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if
the density of the solution is 1.504 g mL-1?
4. State Henry’s law and mention some important applications.

5. Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition.
The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50.71 mm Hg
and 32.06 mm Hg respectively. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in
vapour phase if 80g of benzene is mixed with 100g of toluene.

6. The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L-1 methanoic acid is 46.1 S cm2 mol-1.
Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant given λ° (H+)
=349.6 S cm2 mol-1 andλ° (HCOO-) = 54.6 S cm2 mol-1
3.

7. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution?

8. Calculate the emf of the cell in which the following reaction takes place:
Ni(s)+Ag+ (0.002 M) ------------------> Ni2+ (0.160 M)+Ag(s) Given that E(0)(cell) =
1.05 V

9. Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction

Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) —----------> Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) takes place. Further show
(i) which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell.
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.

10. Write the Nernst equation of the following cells at 298 K: 3.

All in text questions of chapter 2 # Solution and Chapter 3# Electrochemistry.

 MATHS
A. Miscellaneous Exercise of chapter 1, 3 and 4.
B. Prepare a notebook and write all the formulas and properties of each
chapter covered till now.
C. Solve the following:-

1. If the matrix A = is skew symmetric, find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

2. Given A = , compute A-1 and show that 2A-1 = 9I - A

3. Using properties of determinants, prove that

= 9(3xyz + xy + yz + zx).

4. Let A = {x }. Show that R = {(a, b) : a, b A, is divisible

by 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1. Also
write the equivalence class.

5. Show that the function f: R Rdefined by f(x) = , is neither one –

one nor onto. Also if g: R R is defined as g(x) = 2x – 1, find fog(x).

6. If A = , find A-1 . Use it to solve the system of equations

2x – 3y + 5z = 11
3x + 2y – 5z = –5
x + y – 2z = –3

7. Using elementary row transformations, find the inverse of the matrix

A=
 BIOLOGY
1. Read Unit-10, Ecology from the NCERT text book.
2. Project/ Investigatory Experiment
Do a project work, collect related data and write it. It is a type of experimental
exercise performed with a scientific attitude. Present the project in the best
possible manner. The project should be written in the following sequence.
1. Title/ Aim- Name of the project.
2. Introduction- Information collected from various sources related to the topic.
3. Requirements- Materials required for experimental work.
4. Procedure- Write details of the experimental work you have performed.
5. Observations- Record your observations/ data in the form of tables,
histograms, graphs etc.
6. Results/ Conclusion- Give analysis of the data and compare your results with
those available in the literature and draw conclusions.
7. References- Give the list of books, magazines or journals you have consulted,
for the project.

List of Suggested investigatory Projects

1. Study of antibiotics on microorganisms.
2. Study of Pollen structure and calculation of pollen viability.
3. Study of dispersal of seeds by various agencies.
4. Study of canopy architecture of trees.
5. Study of pollination in sunflower and legume.
6. Study of the metamorphosis of frog’s tadpole.
7. Study of developmental stages of housefly/ cockroach.
8. Study of drug resistance in bacteria using antibiotics.
9. Study of coaguable and non-coaguable milk proteins.
10. Study of apical dominance in potato.
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Prepare a Record File.

Athletics, Basketball, Football, Handball, Hockey, KhoKho, Rifle Shooting, Unified

Basketball (Differently- Abled Children) and Volleyball.

Record File shall include-

Practical-1: Modified AAPHER administration for all items.

Practical-2: Conduct Barrow three-item Test on 10 students.

Practical-3: Procedure for asanas, benefits and contraindicationof any two asanas
for lifestyle disease.

Practical-4: Procedure for administering Senior Citizen Fitness Test on 5 elderly

family members.

Practical-5: Any one game of your choice out of the list above. Labelled diagram of
field and equipment (Rules, terminologies and skills)