12/8/2019 Gate valve - Wikipedia

Gate valve
A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a barrier
(gate) out of the path of the fluid. Gate valves require very little space along the pipe
axis and hardly restrict the flow of fluid when the gate is fully opened. The gate faces
can be parallel but are most commonly wedge-shaped (in order to be able to apply
pressure on the sealing surface).

Contents
Typical use
Valve construction
Bonnet
Pressure seal bonnet

Knife gate valve

Images
See also
References

Typical use
Gate valves are used to shut off the flow of liquids rather than for flow regulation. When
fully open, the typical gate valve has no obstruction in the flow path, resulting in very
low flow resistance.[1] The size of the open flow path generally varies in a nonlinear
manner as the gate is moved. This means that the flow rate does not change evenly with
stem travel. Depending on the construction, a partially open gate can vibrate from the
fluid flow.[1]
An electric multi-turn
actuator on a gate valve
Gate valves are mostly used with larger pipe diameters (from 2" to the largest pipelines)
since they are less complex to construct than other types of valves in large sizes.

At high pressures, friction can become a problem. As the gate is pushed against its guiding rail by the pressure of the
medium, it becomes harder to operate the valve. Large gate valves are sometimes fitted with a bypass controlled by a
smaller valve to be able to reduce the pressure before operating the gate valve itself.

Gate valves without an extra sealing ring on the gate or the seat are used in applications where minor leaking of the valve
is not an issue, such as heating circuits or sewer pipes.

Valve construction
Common gate valves are actuated by a threaded stem that connects the actuator (e.g. handwheel or motor) to the gate.
They are characterised as having either a rising or a nonrising stem, depending on which end of the stem is threaded.
Rising stems are fixed to the gate and rise and lower together as the valve is operated, providing a visual indication of

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valve position. The actuator is attached to a nut that is rotated around the threaded stem to move it. Nonrising stem valves
are fixed to, and rotate with, the actuator, and are threaded into the gate. They may have a pointer threaded onto the stem
to indicate valve position, since the gate's motion is concealed inside the valve. Nonrising stems are used where vertical
space is limited.

Gate valves may have flanged ends drilled according to pipeline-compatible flange dimensional standards.

Gate valves are typically constructed from cast iron, cast carbon steel, ductile iron, gunmetal, stainless steel, alloy steels,
and forged steels.

All-metal gate valves are used in ultra-high vacuum chambers to isolate regions of the chamber.[2]

Bonnet
Bonnets provide leakproof closure for the valve body. Gate valves may have a screw-in, union, or bolted bonnet. A screw-in
bonnet is the simplest, offering a durable, pressure-tight seal. A union bonnet is suitable for applications requiring
frequent inspection and cleaning. It also gives the body added strength. A bolted bonnet is used for larger valves and
higher pressure applications.

Pressure seal bonnet

Another type of bonnet construction in a gate valve is pressure seal bonnet. This construction is adopted for valves for
high pressure service, typically in excess of 2250 psi (15 MPa). The unique feature of the pressure seal bonnet is that the
bonnet ends in a downward-facing cup that fits inside the body of the valve. As the internal pressure in the valve increases,
the sides of the cup are forced outward. improving the body-bonnet seal. Other constructions where the seal is provided by
external clamping pressure tend to create leaks in the body-bonnet joint.

Knife gate valve

For plastic solids and low-viscosity liquids, a specialty valve often known as a knife gate valve is used to cut through the
material.[3]

Images

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12/8/2019 Gate valve - Wikipedia

A 2″ stainless steel gate Stainless steel No return Inconel gate valve Cryogenic 254 SMO
valve with flanged ends. valve casting gate valve
Bolts connect the lower
valve body with the
upper “bonnet”. Visible
threads on the valve
stem protruding above
the handwheel show
that this is a rising-stem
valve.

Cryogenic super duplex Nuts and bolts for Gate valve being Gate valves
gate valve frozen up incoloy valves installed on a new water
during operation service to a fire hydrant.
The valve material is
ductile iron.

See also
Ball valve
Blast gate
Butterfly valve
Control valve
Diaphragm valve
Globe valve
Needle valve
Process flow diagram
Piping and instrumentation diagram

References
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1. Beasley, Albert Jr. (July 1990), Fluid Power (http://www.cbtricks.com/miscellaneous/tech_publications/neets/fluid_pow

er.pdf) (PDF), United States Navy, p. 6-3, NAVEDTRA 14105, retrieved 2016-06-19
2. "Valves" (https://www.pfeiffer-vacuum.com/en/know-how/mechanical-components-in-vacuum/valves/). www.pfeiffer-
vacuum.com. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
3. "Knife Valves, All Types of Valves" (http://www.stoneleigh-eng.com/knifevalve.html). www.stoneleigh-eng.com.
Retrieved 2019-08-23.

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