ENVIRONMENT

OT1 FINALS REVIEWER  Immediate – within your arms reach

 Proximal – nalalakad lang
OCCUPATION  Distal – malayo
 Came from the Latin word “occupatio” (to use and *Pag environment, example sa room: teacher, classmates
seize time and space)
*Pag cultural context, you respect your teacher, you come on
 Invested with a sense of purpose, meaning, vocation,
time
cultural significance through which some occupations
are paid or not OCCUPATION
Activity – general meaning  Is used to mean all the things people want, need, or
have to do, whether of physical, mental, social, sexual,
Habits - something you do automatically
political or spiritual nature is inclusive of sleep and
rest.
Meaning of OCCUPATION  Refers to all aspects of actual human doing being, self-
 Occupations include thing people need to, want to, and expression or of making an experiencing meaning
are expected to do (WFOT, 2012). occupation
 Occupations are not repeatable (Pierce, 2003).  Is the activist element of human existence whether
- Different occupations of different people are done occupations are contemplative, reflective, and
differently meditative or action-based
 Occupation is a strong enabler of knowing one’s self Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
(Hasselkus, 2011).  Self-care
 Things you need to do to sustain yourself
ENVIRON  Grooming, eating, toileting, etc
PERSON
MENT  Enhance mobility
 Can be done independently
OCCUPA
TION Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
 A more complex process
PERSON  Shopping
 Occupational nature of human beings
 This may be due to: OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE
- Biological Factors – physiological needs (shelter,  an occupational discipline that serves the purpose of
food, etc) generating knowledge on the form, function, and
- Psychological Factors – behaviors (can be observed meaning of occupation
and measured) and mental - form: observable actions (dribbling, passing,
- Environment (physical&social) and Social Factors shooting)
Example: - function: (to gain points, to win as a team)
- meaning: (as work: to provide for the family, to be
 The way your parents raised you
competent)
 Influenced by classmates
 Swimming sa beach
BELIEFS
 Occupations and well-being are interconnected and
Environment
relevant to health promotion
- Observable things  Occupations can have significant implications for
 Physical – natural (mountain, trees) or built (buildings, personal health and happiness
chair)  People thrive when their personalities and needs are
 Social – people in the surroundings (family, friends) matched with environments or situations that enable
Context them to remain engaged, interested, and challenged
- Covert; di nakikita (abstract)
 Temporal – based thru time (habits, schedule) ASSUMPTIONS INHERENT IN OT: HUMAN BEINGS
 Personal – details of the person except health
1. A person is a biopsychosocial and spiritual being
conditions (age, address, name)
- We are not machines
 Virtual – with the use technology (email, surfing the
- We are people with body, mind, and heart
net, skyping)
2. A person is a unified whole
 Cultural – inner rites, tradition, beliefs, values
- When you see someone, you see him as a whole
- “The whole is more than the sum of its parts.”
 - Person should not be judged by just one of his/her OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
aspect  Occupational therapy is the only profession that helps
3. A person is an open system of energy unit people across the lifespan to do the things they want
4. A person has capacity of thought an sensation and need to do through the therapeutic use of daily
- We have to be sensitive, emphatic, and good listener activities (occupations)
in order to build relationship  OT practitioners enable people of all ages to live life to
5. A person has needs the fullest by helping them promote health, and
prevent – or live better with – injury, illness or disability
6. A person has responsibilities  OT is a client-centered health profession concerned
- Occupational in nature with promoting health and well-being through
occupation. The primary goal of OT is to enable people
to participate in the activities of everyday life.
ASSUMPTIONS INHERENT IN OT: OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE
 OTs achieve this by working with people and
1. Individuals perform occupations to survive communities to enhance their ability to engage in the
- Physiologic needs occupations they want to, need to or expected to do,
2. Occupations may be performed by one person or a or by modifying the occupation or the environment to
group of people better support their occupational engagement
3. A person adapts and adjusts through occupations
4. A person may adapt the environment
5. A person’s mastery of occupations is related to the What is a PROFESSION?
ability to adapt  Occupations with special power and prestige
- The more familiar you are in an ability, the more  Have special competence and esoteric bodies of
creative and resourceful you can be knowledge linked to central needs and values of the
6. Occupation invokes KSA social system
- Knowledge (concepts)  Society provides a demand for the services of a
- Skills (ability to do something) profession (Larson & Larson, 1979)
- Attitudes (perspectives, beliefs)
7. Occupations are divided into self-maintenance, work,
and leisure CRITERIA FOR A PROFESSION
 Achievement of a certain level skill and systematic
knowledge
CORE VALUES OF OT
 Period of professional socialization
1. Altruism – showing true/genuine concern for others  Development of professional ethics
2. Equality – in gender, race, ethnicity, preference  Freedom of judgement with regard to professional
3. Freedom – kung ano yung targets ng clients, yun yung practice
gagawin  Autonomy from the state
- The client should be free to speak or say  High prestige and earnings
what he wants; power of the client to
choose
4. Justice – everybody has social obligations PROFESSIONALISM
5. Dignity – respecting one’s individuality and weakness  Professional status
6. Truth – we have to be honest to our patients  Method character, and standard
7. Prudence – ability to govern one’s self  Conduct, aims, or qualities that mark a profession or a
- To be disciplined with or without an professional person
audience

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSION
The professional:
 Is engaged in the occupation full-time
 Is strongly motivated to the career choice and has a
lifetime commitment to the career
 Possesses a special education and training
 Make decisions for the client based on principles and
theories of propositions
- Should be based on evidences; presentations with
citations
 Has a service orientation
 Service is based on the objective needs of client in the PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE
relationship is based on mutual trust between Value of Professional Language
professional and client
 Insists on autonomy and judgement of his/her  Allows professionals to communicate with each other
performance effectively
 Form professional organizations that define the criteria  Allows professionals to be accountable
of admissions, education standards, licensing and  Allows for standardization
other formal entity lines and areas of jurisdiction  Places value on what professionals do
- PAOT
- WFOT ICF
 Knowledge is assumed to be specific
 Is not allowed to advertise or seek out clients  Classifies functioning and disability associated with
health conditions
 Provides info about health & health-related outcomes
BEHAVIORS THAT CHARACTERIZE A PROFESSIONAL  Used to classify health
1. Full accountability
- Facing the consequences of action ICD-10 (International Statistical Classifocation of Diseases and
2. Life long career commitment Related Health Problems)
- Being active in continuous learning from your
profession
3. Commitment to lifelong learning THE AIMS OF THE ICF
- Personal development  to provide a scientific basis for the consequences of
4. Highest ethical/moral standards health conditions
- Following the moral rules - back-uped with evidence
5. Value of objectivity  To establish a common language to improve
- Not being biased; disregarding your own communications
perspectives  To permit comparisons of data access:
6. Self-critical - Countries
- Our choice of words define us - Health and disciplines
- Self-doubt (dapat meron tayo) checking and - Services
balancing our own skills and weaknesses - Time
7. Ability to articulate  To provide a systematic coding scheme for health
- Communication skills information system
8. Respect for other professions
- Be knowledgeable about what other professions do
9. Dependability NEED FOR ICF
- Be reliable  Diagnosis alone cannot predict service needs, length of
10. Initiative hospitalization, level of care or functional outcomes
- Start without being dictated  Presence of disease or disorder cannot predict
11. Empathy disability, benefits and performance, return to work
potential or receipt of disability benefits
TYPE OF PERSONALITY SUITED FOR A CAREER IN OT  No data about levels of functioning and disability

(Sabonis-Chaffee & Hussey, 1998)

 Genuinely likes people and relates to both individuals USES OF ICF
and small groups  Statistical tool
- We have to be interpersonal and engage with people  Research tool
 Demonstrates ability to handle their own problems  Clinical tool – for documentation
and feelings before trying to help others  Social policy tool
- Self reliance  Educational tool
 Dedication and commitment are what transform
dreams into realities
 Interested in teaching HUMAN FUNCTIONING
 Adaptability  ICF does not measure disability
- More of the environment’s demands; external - It describes people’s functional abilities in various
 Flexibility domains
- Own way of adapting; internal  Health conditions that affect functional status are not
part of classification system
  Disability is not an “all or nothing” concept
- There is a wide range of functional limitations
ICF AND DISABILITY
OT EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION
R.A. 5680: PHILIPPINE OT & PT LAW
 Approved on June 21, 1969
 Created the board examiners for PT & OT
- Qualifications
- Powers and Duties
 Qualifications of Applicants
 Examination Guidelines

R.A. 7277: MAGNA CARTA FOR DISABLED PERSONS

 Rights and Privileges of PWDs
- Employment
- Education
- Health
- Auxiliary Social Services (Social Workers)
- Telecommunications
- Accessibility
- Political and Civil Rights
 Prohibition on Discrimination
- Employment
- Transportation
- Public Accommodations and Services
 Housing Programs
 Role of National and Local Government Agencies
 Tax Incentives
 Continuity, penal, and authority clauses

R.A. 9442: AMMENDMENT OF MAGNA CARTA FOR

DISABLED PERSONS
 Privileges
- Recreation
- Theater, cinema, concert, circus, carnival
Uniform terminology for OT
- Medicines
 Helped practitioners “to speak the same language” - Medical and Dental Services
 Provides a nomenclature and organizational scheme - Domestic air and sea travel
 Awareness of these differences in terminologies and - Public railway, skyway, bus
usage when communicating with other professionals  Incentives
and when selecting evaluation instrument - Educational assistance
- Benefits and privileges from GSIS. SSS & Pag-ibig
- Special discounts for basic commodities per DTI
UNIFORM TERMINOLOGY FOR OT
and DA
- Express lanes
OT PRACTICE FRAMEWORK - Tax incentives
 Deliverance from Ridicule and Vilification

The OT Practice Framework

R.A. 10754: AN ACT EXPANDING THE BENEFITS &
 Developed to answer request for a unified language
PRIVILEGES OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
for the profession
 Privileges
 The UT did not provide info or the process of providing
- 20% discount and VAT exemption on goods and
occupation-based intervention
services
 Developed to help practitioners use the language
- All forms of land transportation, and public
railways have been included
- Funeral and burial services
 Incentives
- Tax incentives limited to 4th civil degree of
consanguinity
 R.A. 7875: NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ACT OF
1995
 Created the PhilHealth insurance Corporation
 Inclusions
- Inpatient hospital care
- Outpatient hospital care
- Emergency and transfer services
- Other healthcare procedures
 Exclusions
- Non-prescription drugs and devices
- Outpatient psychotherapy and counselling for
mental disorders
- Drug and alcohol abuse or dependency treatment
- Cosmetic surgery
- Home and rehabilitation services
- Optometric services
- Normal obstetrical delivery
- Cost-effective procedures which shall be defined
by the corporation
B.P. 344: ACCESSIBILITY LAW
 Establishments required to install structures to
improve mobility of PWDs
 Display of posters on the rights of PWDs
 Provisions for public transportation
- Both public and private institutions
E.O. 347: ENCOURAGING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITTAION FOR
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ON THE PH
 Encourage LGU’S to adopt CBR framework in service
delivery to PWDs
- Designated unit for implementation of CBR
R.A. 10912: CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2006
 Aims to promote and upgrade practice of professions
in the country
 Promotes continuous improvement of competence of
professionals in accordance with international
standards of practice
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
 Goal: “to ensure the highest attainable health for all
the people”
 Role: “direct and coordinate international health
within the United Nations’ system
 Partners with WFOT
WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS
(WFOT)
 Official international organization for OTs
 Supports and promotes OT and OTs globally
 Mission:
- “WFOT provides OT as an art and science
internationally. The Federation supports the
development, use and practice of OT worldwide,
demonstrating its relevance and contribution to
society.”
 1963 – recognized as NGO by UN
 1959 – affiliate…
PHILIPPINE ACADEMY OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS,
INC. (PAOT)
 Non-profit, non-stock organization of OTs in the PH
 Founded in 1965
 August 2015 – changed name
 Formerly OT Association of the PH (OTAP)
- “change of name doesn’t mean change of
direction”
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION (PRC)
 Created in 1973
 Was previously “Office of the Board of Examiners”
 2 important functions:
- To conduct and administer licensure examinations
to aspiring professionals
- To regulate and supervise the practice of the
professions
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED)
 Created in 1994
 Part of reform of trifocalization of education into 3
bodies:
- DepEd
- TESDA
- CHED
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH)
 Holds the overall authority on health as it is a national
health policy-maker and regulatory institution
 3 major roles in health sector:
- Leadership in health
- Enabler and capacity builder
- Administrator of specific services
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR HEALTH RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT (PCHRD)
 One of the 3 sectoral councils of DOST
 Coordinates and monitors research activities in the
Philippines
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDRRMC)
 Established in 2010
 Comprised of various government, non-government,
civil sector, and private sector organizations
 Ensures protection and welfare of people during
disasters and emergencies
 NATIOANAL COUNCIL ON DISABILITY AFFAIRS
 Formulates policies and coordinates activities of all
agencies both public and private, concerning disability
issues and concerns
 Monitors implementation of laws to ensure the
protection of PWDs civil, and political rights
OTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Age of OT Practitioners in the PH
 Highest Age: 49
 Lowest Age: 21 (practicing), 17
 Mean Age: 25
Gender of OT Practitioners in the PH
 Male: 25%
 Female: 75%
2. Exploratory studies on OT career advocacy efforts of
different schools and institutions
3. Engagement of Professionals and Educational
Institutions in Research Generation
4. Exploratory studies on OT – faculty development
programs
5. OT practice patterns specific for pediatrics
6. OT practice patterns in the provinces/rural areas
(outside Metro Manila)
7. Topics related to DRR, Response and Recovery
(focusing on different areas and more specifically on
data specifics and demographics)
8. Transition of OT care from pedia to adulthood
9. Collaboration of OT with other organizations
(Collaborative Practice with Organizations)
10. Culture-related studies (Applicability of Western
Therapy: Effect of Caregiver and Children)

Region
 NCR
 Region 4A (CALABARZON)
 Region 3

Practice Setting
 Private Clinic: 43%
 Hospital: 21%
 University/College: 12%
 Home Healthcare: 11%

Areas of Practice
 Pediatrics: 41%
 Physical Dysfunction: 17%
 Adolescence: 14%

Employment Type
 Private: 54%
 Government: 18%
 Self-employed: 25%
 Unemployed: 3%

OT EDUCATION
WFOT approved schools in the PH:
 University of the Philippines Manila
 University of Santo Tomas
 Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila
 University of Perpetual Help System – Laguna
 Cebu Doctor’s University
 Velez College

OT RESEARCH
*Research agenda of PAOT
1. Profile of each school’s OT practitioners within a
certain time span (25years)