Ellipse

Exercises
Level - 1
(Problems Based on Fundamentals)

ABC OF AN ELIPSE
1. Find the centre, vertices, co-vertices, lengths of x2 y2
7. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse  1
major and minor axes, eccentricity, lengths of latus a 2 b2
rectum, equation of directrices and the end-points whose latus rectum is half of its major axis.
of a latus recta.
(i) 9x2 + 16y2 = 144 8. Find the eccentric angle of a point on the ellipse
(ii) 2x2 + 3y2 – 4x – 12 + 8 = 0
x2 y2
  1 whose distance from the centre of the
6 2
2. Find the sum of the focal distance of any point on
the ellipse 16x2 + 25y2 = 400. ellipse is 2.

9. Find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be

x2 y2
3. If the equation  = 1 represents of an
10  a a  4 x 2 y2
inscribed in the ellipse  1.
ellipse such that the lengthof the interval, where a 16 9
lies, is m, find m.
10. Find the locus of a point whose co-ordinates are
4. If (5, 12) and (24, 7) are the foci of an ellipse passing given by x = 3 + 4 cos  cy = 2 + 3 sin .
through the origin, find the eccentricity of the ellipse.
11. If PSQ is a focal chord of an ellipse
5. Find the equation of the ellipse whose axws are co- 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 such that SP = 8, find the length
ordinate axes and foci are (±2, 0) and the eccentricity of SQ.
is 1/2.

6. If the distance between the foci of an ellipse is equal

to the length of its latus rectum, the eccentricity is

5 1
.
2

1
 Ellipse

x2 y2 28. Ifp be the length of perpendicular from the focus S of

12. . Find
. the area bounded by the curve - + - � 1 and x2 y2
16 9 the ellipse 2 + 2 =1 on the tangent at P, prove that
the line �+ 2'. �t.
4 3
a b
-b =· - 2a
-1 .
p2 SP
2

29. If p be· the perpendicular from the centre of an

13. Find the location of the point (2, 3) with respect to the ellipse upon the tangent at any point P on it and
x2 + L 2
eilipse - =1. r be the distance of P from the centre, prove that
4 3 a 2b 2
14. If (A, -A) be an interior point of an ellipse 4.x2 + 5y =1 --= a 2 + b2 - r2 .
p2
such that.the length of the interval, where A lies, ism,
wheremE Q\ find the value of (3m -2)2013 + 2013. 30. Prove that the locus of the mid-points of the portion
2 . 2·
of the tangents to the ellipse \ + \ =1 intercepted
a2 2 a b
15. Find the number of tangents drawn from a point (2, 3) between the axes is 2 + ; = 4 ..
to an ellipse 4.x2 + 3y = 12. X y
16. Find the equations of the tangents drawn from the point 31. Prove that the portion of the tangent to the ellipse inter­
(2, 3) to the ellipse 9.x2 + 16y2 = 144. cepted between the curve and the directrix subtends a
right angle at the corresponding focus.
17. If the line 3x + 4y = 5 touches the ellipse 9.x2 + 16y = 32. Prove that in an ellipse, the perpendicular; from a focus
144, fmd the points of contact. upon any tangent and the line joining the centre of the
18. For what value of A does the line y = x + A touches the ellipse to the point of contact meet on the correspond­
ellipse 9x2 + 16y == 144? ing directrix.
19. Find the equations of the tangents to the ellipse 33. Prove that the co-ordinates of those points on the

� + � = 1 having slope 2.
:���: t�: t(:;s,:br an
2 2 · 2 2

20. Prove that the locus of the feet of perpendicular drawn -

from the centre upon any tangent to llie given ellipse is
r2 = cl- cos2 0 + b2 sin2 0.
a +b a+b)
34. Find the >tocus of the point of intersection of l:wo per-
21. A circle of radius r is concentric with ·. the ellipse x2 y2
. .· . . .
pend1cular tangents to the ellipse - + -· = 1.
:, + ;, = l. Ptovethatlhe oottnnori
2 2
T7tis clined 16 9
- 1 35. Tangents are drawn from any point Pon .the parabola
to the major axis at an angle of t�n-1 .· r 2 b2
(y- 2)2 = 4(x -1) to the ellipse.::_ + L = 1, which are
.. ., 2 •2
a -r
22. .Prove that the tangents at the extremities oflatus rectum 4 1
of an ellipse intersect on the corresponding directrix. mutually perpendicular to each other. Find the locus of
thepointP.
23. Prove that the locus of the mid·points :of the portion of
36. Find the equations of the pair of tangents to the ellipse
the tangents to the given ellipse intercepted between
the axes is 4r2 = cl- sin2 0 + b2 cos2 0.
2x2 + 3y = 1 from the point (1, 1).

-
37. Ifthe tangents are drawn from a point (1, 2) to the el­
x2 y2
24. A tangent to the ellipse 2 + 2 =1 meets the ellipse lipse 3.x2 + 2y = 5, find the angle between the tangents.
2 2 a b
.::_ + L =a+ b in the points P and Q, prove that the
tangents at P and Q are at right angles.• 38. Find the equation of the normal to the ellipse 4.x2 + 9y2
a b

25. Prove that the product of the perpendiculars drawn

from the foci upon any tangent to an ellipse is constant,
(1,¼)·
=20at
39. Find the equation of the normal to the ellipse Sx2 + 3y2
26. If an ellipse slides between two perpendicular straight = 137 at llie point whose ordinate is 2.
i.e. b2 •

lines, prove that the locus of its centre is a circle. 40. Find the equation of the normal to the ellipse
27. Prove that the locus of the feet of the perpendiculars
from foci upon any tangent to an ellipse is an auxiliary .::_ + L =1 at the negative end of the latus rectum.
9 4
2 2

circle.

2
 Ellipse

41. If the. normal at the point P( 0) to the ellipse 5x2+ l4y

= 70 intersects it again at the point Q(20), prove that 5 l. Prove that the locus ofthe point, the chord of contact
3 cos 0+2=0. x 2 y2
42. The normal at an end of a latus rectum of an ellipse of tangents from which to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1
x2 y 2
a b
subtends a right angle at the centre of the ellipse is
+ b = 1 passes through one extremity of the minor
-
2
a 2 x2 - y2 1 1
axis, then prove that e4 + e2 1 = 0. -+4 =-.2 +-.
a b4 a b2
43. Prove that the tangent and the normal at any point of
an ellipse bisect the the external and intemalangles be- 52. Prove that the locus of the point, from which the chord
tween the focal distances of the point. of contact of tangents are to be drawn to the ellipse

�=
2 2 .. . . .. . 2 2
1
44. The normal at any point P on the ellipse x2 + \ = 1 toqches the circle� + y2 = c2 is x4 + Y 4 = 2 ,
··. ·.1 , a b a b C
meets the IDajor and minor axes at G and G', respec- 53. The perpendicular tangents are drawn to the ellipse
tively and CF is perpendicular upon the normal from
the centre C of the ellipse, show that PF · PG = b2 and
x2 y2
� �·:�)•':(�: =?J
:; t oint of
PFx PG'=a2.
45. The normal at a· poinf P(O) on the ellipse \ + \ = 1
· a
2

b
2
� � ::
hd (a
b a +b
m.eets the axes of x and y at M and N, respectively, 54. Tangents are drawn from any point on the circle x2+y2
show that x2 + y2 =(a+ b)2. x2 2
..... 2 . 2 = c2 to the ellipse 2 + Y2 = 1. Prove that the locus of
. ·•·• .. . a b
46. A.n'.'ordinate PN of an eJ}ipse x2 + y2 =1 ·meets the the mid-points of the chord of contact is
(;: +;:r =(x ;;r2)
0 b
. auxiliary circle in Q. Show that the locus of the point 2

of intersection of the normals at P and Q is the circle x2

+y2:::::(a+b)2.
55. Tangents PA and PB are drawn from,a. pointP to the
47. Prove .that the tangent of the angle between CP and the 2 2 ,
2 b2 ellipse x 2 + Y2 1� 1. The area of the triangte formed
no.rmal at P(O) .is ·(a - ) x sin 20 and.its greatest a b
- )·•.
· · 2ab by the chortl of contact AB antl axes Qf co-ordinates are
02 b2 constant. Prove that the Joe� of P is a hyperbola.
·... , ·· tab· ·
..value · 1. ·. s ·(·
56. Prove. thafthe locus. of the 1mid-points of the normal
48. Prove that in an ellipse, the distance between the centre
2 y2
chords of the eUipse 2 x + 2 = 1 is
and any normal does not exceed the difference between a b
the·semi-axes,of the curve. 0 6 b6 -+-·x2 y2 =(a2 -b2)2
2

49. The tangent and the normal at any point P of an el- (-+- ) ( )
x2 y2 . a2 b2
2 y2
x . .
1.1p�e • 2 .+. .b2 = 1.. cut
. . m
. maJor axis
its . pomts Q. andR, 57. Prove that the locus of the mid-points . of the chords
a 2 2 . . '
respectively. If QR = a, show that the eccentric angle of of. the ellipse ;2 + ;2 = 1 which touch the auxiliary
the pointP is satisfying the equation
circlet'+/ =·a2·is
e2 cos2 q,+ cos q,-1 = 0
50. If the normals at P(x1, y 1), Q(x2, y2) and R(x3, y3) on 2
(x2 y 2 )=(x2 y2 ) 2
0 + +
x2 y2 a4 b4 a 2 b2
the ellipse -2 + - = 1 are c.oncurrent. show that 58. Prove that the locus of the mid-points of the chords of
a b2
2 2
X1 Yi X1Yt the ellipse l. which subtends a right angle ll,t
;2 . + ;2 . =
X2 Y2 X2 Y2 = 0 the centre. of the ellipse is

:l(�
X3 Y3 X3Y3

and if points P( a), Q(/3) and R('Y), prov� that (� + + ;:)'(:, +:,)
sec a cosec a 1 59 The eccentric angles of .two point� P and Q on the
sec /3 cosec /3 1 = 0 ellipse differ by ,r/2. Prove that the locus of the mid-
r r
2 2
sec cosec 1 point of PQ is \ + \ = 2 .
a b

3
 Ellipse

60.. Prove:that the locus ofthe_mid,.pointof thechord of 72. Fin� the co�ordinates of the four. ex.tremiqes of two
con�. of. the perpendicular tangents to the ellipse · 2 2' - ',
conjugate diameters of an ellipse _ 2 + \ = 1.
x

a b
:, +;:=I�(:,+(,)'=( 73. Prove �at the sum of the squares of any two co�jugate
:,:(,).
61. Prove that· the · locus of the mid-points of the focal st1mi-diameter& of an ellipse is constant and equal to
the sum �f'the squares of the semi-axes of the ellipse,
chords of the ellipse (:: + �:) = 1 is i.e. cP2 + CIY = <r + b2•
b2:x2 + dl-/ = ab1-xe 74. Prove that the product of the focal distances of a point
on an ellipse is equal to the square of the semi-diam­
62; Prove that the locus of the mid-points of the chords of eter, which is conjugate to· the diameter through the
point. i.e. �p ·, S'P � CJil: .
}=
the ellip� ( :: + �: 1, which are tangents to the
7 5. Prove that the locus of the poles Qf ,:he line joining the
- x2 y2 eccentricities Qf two conjugate diameters is the ellipse
ellipse 2+ =1 is ' .-
. - ,a .:. 2
2 2
/3 .:...+ L:::: 2
a2 b 2
('x + y2)2 =-(x2a2 + y2t)·
2
b2 76. If P and D be the ends of the copjugate,diameters of an
a2 . a4 _b4
ellipse, find the locus of the mid-point of PD.
'
2' 2
I

77. For the ellipse \ + Y2 = l , find the equation of the

63. Prove �at the polar of the focus of an ellipse is the a b
directrix. diameter conjugate to ax- by =:.O.
64. Find the pole of a given line lx + my + n = 0 with re- x2 2
2 2
78. If the point of intersecqon of the ellipses 2 t?b 2 = l
spect to an ellipse x 2 + \ = 1. 2 2 - . a
_ . _ _ a b . and \ + Y 2 = l be at the extremities of the conjugate
65.'. Prove tliarthe pple of a given line is ,the same as the d. -. . a2. b2
=
C
diameters of tlw' ornier, prov;e that � + z. l .
-
f
, _ po,int �f;inte�ction of tangents at its.�xtrelllities. d
66. Find the pole of the straight linex t4y= 4 with respect
79. IfCP and CD are the conjugate diameters of the ellipse
,/ ' '

to the ellipse ,i.+ 4y2 = 4. x2 y2

67. ,find the lQcus ofthe poles -of t:J:te tangents to 2 + /f-1, prove that the/locus of the orthoeentre of
x2 2 ,, a b2
y 2
, 2 t 2 =1 with respectt o the,concep.tric,elHpse c2x2 the APCD is2(b'.?y, + cl-x2)2. =: '(<r - li)2 .(b2/-d1-�)
a b
+d2;:::::i. 80. Prove that the tangents at _the extremities ofa pair of
68. The perpendicular from the centre' of an ellipse conjugate diameters form a parallelogram whose area
is constant and. equal (Q tbe 1pJoduct.of$� axes.
:: + �: =1 on the polar �fapolllt�th,respect to the 81. Show that the tangents at the ends of conjugate diam-
. 'x2 2
ellipse is constant and' equal to c; Prove
that the locus eters of the- ellipse - -2 + -
a b2
y = 1 intersect on the. ellipse
· .·.·' · ·· . x 2
y 2
1 x2 y2
of the point is _the ellipse 4
0 + h
4 =
7J'· 2 + = 2.
a ---rb
69. Show that the equation of the locus of the poles of nor- 82. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse ify = x and 2x + 3y =:
2 2
0 are the equations of a pair of its conjugate diameters.
mal chords of the ellipse x 2 + \ =1 is
a b
(<r - b ) x2/ = a / + b6:x2
2 2 6
�'
70. If the polar with respect to/ = 4x tou¢hes the ellipse 83. A ray is emanating from the point (-3, 0) is incident 9n
x2 y2 ' C
the ellipse 16:x2 + 25/ = 400 ·at the point P with oidi­
, le.
a2 + 2 = 1, find the locus of its po
.-
nate 4. Find the equation of the reflected ray after first
13 reflection.
84. A ray is coming along the line x - y + ,2 =:,0 .on the
ellipse 3x2 + 4/ = 12. After striking the elliptic mirror,
71. P{ove that the equation of the diameter of the ellipse it is then reflected. Find the equation of the line con­
· x y2 ·�
2
b2 x taining the reflected ray.
- - = l 1s y=--.
a 2 + b2 a2m ' 1'

4
 Ellipse

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

. ( c) Co-vertices: (0, ±b)

l1111. I => X = O, Y = ±3
� -x- 1 = 0,y-2 =±3
1. (i) Thegivenequationoftheellipseis 9x2+ 16y=144 => x�l;y=-2±3
x2 y2 ' => x = l,y = S,-1
=> -+-=1 Hence,'theicp;-v�ces,� (l, 5), (!�!71 ).
_ 16 9 ,
( d ) The length of the major axis = 2a = 6
(a)·- Cerit re: C(O, 0) ( e) The length of the lllinor axis = 2b = 4
(b) Vertices:A(a,O)A'(-a, 0) = A(4,0) and A'(- (f) Th<; ,len,gth , of �.·· If�-· · ,�tum =
: 4, ()) 2b 2
is 9
(c) Co-yertices: B = (0, b) andB' =(O,-b) -=-=- ·

=>B= (0, 3) andB'=(O; .:.3) a 4 2

( d) Length of the major axis: 2a = 8 (g) Eccentricity,
(e) Length of the.minor 8.¥is: 2b. =.,6
[fl" = 8-1
-J
1 =
v1-;; v --1 "$
=

= e = 1-"-� =r.: - 1 - = -
· ,·1,a2 :·n9 4 - •
2 e
(f) Ec centricity
. _ - 16 ..fj (h) Equations of the directrices:,. ,
'
-,
" , ' • ! ' �

a 3 1

2b 18 9 X=±-=± r,;=±3v3
2 r,;
, ,'_ . . !
(g ) Lengths
· ofthe latus rectum = - = - = - _ e, l/v3
· '.. !:. ,, a 4 2
(h ) Equations of the directrices: x = 1±3..[3
'j t'
- ,'.,·

t
X:::: : f.1

4,

2. The giyen,�q�oI).otitli��l�p�is
16�+ 25y2 = 400 r:il,
x2 y2 ·
=> ---+- = 1
25 16
Thus , the suin of the focal distances
:). , ., � ,,,,, ' =2a = lOunits
(ii) The given equation of the ellipse1 is
/

3. The givenequation of an ellipse

'+
1�'11 .ii2:ro Y2·· , = 1
)

2i2 + 3y - 4x-12y + 8 = 0 _ _ · . \ . 10-a a-4

=> 2(x2 - 2x+1) + 3(y - 4y+ 4j = 6 => (�4)x2 ,ti;(J:0 f a)Jf,r'{a�i*10 --.i�) = 0
· => '2(.r'i.4 1;, -f!J(y..;_ 2fi:i= 6 Since, the given equation represents an ellipse,
h2 -ab <:.,Q • • ,1 _ _,_ . --- •
=> (x--lf ,.)liri- 'J.Y' . - , � cf-<a--:4)(10-a)'<-<f
�-

+
- '3 •( 2 l . => ,.{a,-4)(tr-10)�--0
x2 y2 => 4<a<10
-+- =1 ' whereX = x-1 ' Y = y-2 Hence, the length ofthe interval = 10-4 = 6.
3 2 Thus , the valµe of m is 6.
(a) Ce ntre: (0,0) 4;- Let the foci of the el lipse are S andS' respectively.
=> X == 0, Y=0 "'then S= (5,12) and S' = (24, 7).
.-
=> x-_ 1 = O,andy-2
=> x landy 2
=
-,J
=
= 0 Thus, the�centreofthe ellipse is c( 2
;.�)-
Hence, the centre is (1, 2),
(b) Vertices : (±a, 0) - i\ · - 2 = l x�'1202
Now OC= .!xJi92 +19
2 2
=> X = ±a, Y = O We have,
=> - X - 1 = ±3;.Y --: 2 = 01 SS'= ./386
=> x = l±3,y = 2
=> x = 4,-2,y = 2 =>
Hence,the vertices are (4� 2) and(-2,2)
=
e=:6'=J::! v::o��*

5
 Ellipse

5. Let S(2.0) tmpS'.(-:-2, Q)�t\foJpci of the ellipse and => 4.cos2 8 = 3

C(0,.O) be the centre dfthe ellipse.
We have, => cos8=.J¾= �
SS'=4
=> 2ae=4 => 1r
8=
=> 2ax .!. =4 =>a = 4 . tr
6.
2 . angIe 1s
Hence, the eccentnc
Also, b2 =a2 (1-e2 )=16(1-¾)=12 9. Let Q be any point
=> b=Ju.=2.Jj on the given ellipse,
whose co-ordinates
Hence, the equation of the ellipse is are (4 cos2 8, 3 sin2: _
x2 y2
-+-=1 8).
a2 b2 Thus,PQ=8 cos 8
and QR = 6 sin 8
x2 y2
=> - +-=1 Thus, the area of the rectangle PQRS
16 12 =PQxQR
2b2 =48 sin 8cos 8
6. Given 2ae = -
a =24 sin28
2 Hence, the area of the greatest rectangle
=> b = a2e
=> a2(1 -c2)=a2c = 24 sq.u. at 8=
1r
=> (1-c2)=c 4
=> c2+c-1=0 10. The co-ordinates of the given point are
../s-1 x=3 +4 cos 8,y= 2 + 3 sin 8
=> e=--·
(x-3) y- 2
=> =cos8 ( ) =sin8
Hence, the result 2 2 4 . ' 3
. •
• e}}'1pse 1s
7. The equation of the given . 2X y =1
+2 (x-3)2 (y-2)2
a b => -'---,--- 2
+ . 32 = cos28 + sin 28 =1 ,
It is given that the length of.the latus rectum= - x the 4
length of the major axis. - 2 (x-�)2 + (y-2)2 l
=> =
16 9
2b2
=> -=a which is the required locus.
a
11. The equation of the ellipse is
=> b = a
16x2 +y225/=400
Aswe==H=�H=�
x2
=> -+-=1
25 16
2 2
As we know that, if SP and SQ are the focal segments
"
. on the e}}1pse
8. Let any pomt X y =1 1s
' 1 1 1
6+2 of a focal chord PSQ, then SP + =
SQ ;;
P(./6 cos 8, -Ii. sin 8) and C be the centre of the el­ B
lipse.
B
A' A

B' Q

=> -1 +-
1 -
=
B' 8 SQ 5
Therefore,
1 1 1 8-,-5 3
CP= Js => -=--------
SQ 5 8 40 40
=> 6 cos2 8+ 2 sin2 8= 5

6
 Ellipse

4 3 = 2m+�16m 2+9
=> SQ= 0
3
=> (3- 2m)2 = 16m2 +9
Hence, the length of SQ is 40/3.
=> 9- 6m+4m2 = 16m2 + 9
x2 y2
12. As we know that the area of an ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is => 12m2+6m = O
trab. a b => 2m2 +m:;::0
y => m(2m+1) = 0
1
=> m=O -­
, 2
Hence, the equation of tangents are y == 3 and
y = -½x+.JD.
y
17. The given line is
Thus, the area of OACBO 3x+4y= 5
= (¾x1r-4·3-½·4·3) => 4y=-3x+ 5
and the ellipse is
= (91r- 6) s.u. 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
x2
y2
13. Let N = + -1 3 5 x2 y
t t => y = -4x+ and 16 +92 =l
4
4 9
Then, N= + -1 = 1+3-1 = 3 As we know that the liney = mx + c will be a tangent
4 3
Since, the value of N is positive at (2, 3), so the point 2 2 -
to the ellipse :2 + ;2 = 1,. the points of contacts are
2 2
(2, 3) lies outside of the ellipse � + L = 1. ·
4 3 a 2m ,± e2 b
14. Since the point (A. -A) be an interior point of an ellipse (± c
)
4x2 +5y2 = 1, then
4A.2+5A2-l<O +16(-I
4)
=> 9A2 - 1 < 0 =[ ]
=> (3A+1)(3A-l)<O - ¾ '¾
±( 48)'
=> _.!_<A<.!_ ±!6)
3 3 =
( �
2 18. The equation of the given ellipse is
Therefore, m =
3 9x2 +16/;:: 144
=} · (3m- 2)2°13 + 2013 = 0+2013 = 2013 x 2 'Y 2
15. We have, => -+- =1
16 9
4.4 +3.3- 12 = 16 +9- 12 = 13 > 0
Thus, the point (2, 3) lies outside of the ellipse. The line y = x+A will be a tangent to the ellipse, if
Thus, the number of tangents = 2 c 2 = a2m2+b2
16. The given ellipse is· => A.2 = 16.1 +9 = 25
9x2 + 16y2 = 144
x2 y2
·,£:> A,=±5
=> -+-. = 1 Hence, the values of A are ±5.
16 9
The equatiop of any tangent to the given ellipse is
2 2
19. The given ellipse is �+L = 1
3 4
y = mx+ �a2m2+b2
The equation of any ellipse is
=> y = mx± �a 2 m2+b 2
which is passing through (2, 3), so => y = 2x±�3.4+2 = 2x±.J14

7
 Ellipse

2 2
20. The equation of any tangent to the ellipse x 2 + Y2 =1
a b
��0)�
f
�cos 9 + sin 9 = 1 ...(i) Hence, the result.
22. Let the end�points of a latus rectum are
The equation of perpendiculars from centre (0, 0) to L(ae, 0) andL (-ae, 0).
tangent is
xe
The tangent at L is + L = 1 and the tangent at L' is
�sin 9 -Leos 9 = 0 . ...(ii) a a
b a xe
_L=t.
From Eq. (ii), we get a a
sin 8 cos9 On solving, we get,
--=--=-==== ...(iii) a
by ax Ja2x2 +b2y2 x =- and y = O.
e
The locus of the feet of perpendiculars is the point of
intersection of (i) and (ii). � x =:!_ is the equation of directrix to the ellipse
It is obtained by eliminating 9 between Eqs (i) and (ii).
x
2
y2
Squaring Eqs (i) and (ii) and adding, we get -2 +- =1
x
2
. y2 2 x2 2 y2 2 a b2
2 cos 2
9+ 2sin 9 + 2sin 9 + 2cos 9 = 1 23. The equation of any tangent to. the ellipse at P( 0) is
a b b a
AB: �cos 9+ Lsin 9 = 1.
� + �: )cos2 9+ (;: + ;: )sin2 9 =1 a b
(::
Thus A= (a sec 9, 'O) andA = (0, b cosec 0)
· s 29 in 2 Let (h, k) be the mid-point of the tangent AB.
� (X2+ y2 ) (co + s 9.) =1
-;;:- --;;z- a sec 9 ,., >b cosec 8

(
Theretiore, h =- - and k =
� (x2 + /)(b2 cos2 9+ a2 sin2 0) = a2b2 2 2

� x +y·----+
( 2
.
2)
b2 2 2
ax z.!2 2 2
" a. y •.. ·)·=a2 b2 � =
cos 9 _:!__ and .sin 9 = �
a2 x2 + b2y2 a2x2+ b2y2 2h . 2k
Now squaring and addin� we get
� (x2 + ll= (a2x2 + b2/)
Now, put, x = r cos 9 and y = r sin 9, we get /a
-·+-
2
b2
=1
r2 = a2cos2 9+ b2 sin2 9. 4h2 4k2
a 2 b2
Hence, the result.
21. The equation of circle is x2 + l r2.=
So the equation of any tangent to the ellipse is
� -. +-=4
h2 k2
Hence the locus of (h, k) is
y = mx + Ja2m + b a2 b2 ..
2 2
-+-. =4
If it is a tangent to a circle also, then the length of the x2 y2 .
perpendicular from the centre (0, 0) . of a circle is equal Now, putx = r cos 9c y = r sin 9, we get,
to the radius of a circle. 4r2 = a2 sin2 + b2 cos2 9 ,
Ja�m2 +b2 · ·Hence, the result.
Thus, � =r x
2 2
24. Given ellipses are 2 + Y2 =1 ...(i)
vl+m
2
a b
� + b2 = ,2 (l+ m 2 ) =7 2+ , 2 m 2
2m2 x
2
y2
0 and -+-=a+b
� (a2-r2)m2 = (r2- b2) a b
2 2
x
2 _ ' -b
2 2
� ---+ y -1 ' ...(ii)
� m- (- -) a(a +b) b(a +b)
0 _, .
2 2
Let R(h, k) be the points of intersection of the tangents
, 2 -b2 to the ellipse (ii) at P and Q. Then PQ will be the chord
� m= ( 2_ 2 ) of contact.
, 0
Thus its equation will be
, 2 -b 2
� tan9= (-2_ · -) hx + ky =1
0
2
, a(a + b) b(a.+b)

8
 Ellipse

bh . b(a +b) Therefore, the equation of a director circle is

y=- ...(iii) x2+y2=i+b2
akx+ k
Since the line (iii) is a tangentto the ellipse (i), so we This means that the centre of the ellipse win· always
have remain at a constant distance �a2 + b2 from P.
b2 (a + b)2 _ 2 • b2 h 2 2 Hence, th.e locus of the centre is a circle.
-a X 2 X 2 +b
. k2 a k x y2 =1
2

b2(a + b}2=b2h2 +b2k2 27. The.equation of any tangent to the ellipse 2 + 2

-�8)� a b
=> h2 + k2=(a+ b}2
y
Thus the locus of (h, k) is
·x2+y2=(a+b)2
which is the director circle of ellipsethe
x2 y2
-+.,.,_=a+ b
a b ··
Hence, the tangents at P and Q are at right angles.
25. Let two foci of ari ellipse are Y'
S(ae, 0) and S(-ae, 0).
x2 y2 �cos 8 + L sin 8 =1 ...(i)
The equation of the tangentto the ellipse 2 + 2 =1 a b

atP(8)is �cos 9 + sin 0=1. f · a b The equation of perpendiculars from foci (±ae, 0) to
the tangent is
Let p 1 and p2 be the lengths of perpendiculars from the x . . Y .. aesin9
-sm 0- -cos 0 = ± · ...(ii)
given foci to the.given ellipse. b a b
1-ecos 8 Locus ofthe feet of perpendiculars is thepoint ofinter­
Thus, Pt=1--.== ====I section of (i) and (ii).;
cos28 sin28
--+-- It is obtained by eliminating 8between Eqs (i) and (ii).
a2 b2
Squaring Eqs (i) and (ii) and adding, we get
1+ ecos.8
x2 (�
8 s
:: + �:
8
J� y2 c 8 8
( :: + s�: )

a 2e2sin 2 8
=1+---
b2
2 cos 2·8 sin 2 8)
cos 20 sin 2 8
(X +y2 )(--. +-- =a2 (--+--)
a 2· . b2 a2 b2
r>=a2
=[�;�]
=> <x2 +
Hence, the result.
a2 b2
28. The tangent at P(8) is �cos 8 + Lsin 8 =1.
· (a2b2 (1-e2cos2 0) a b
=
l
b2cos28 + a 2sin 20
)

-[ a b (1-' e2cos 28)

2 2

- a 2 (1-e2)cos2 0+ a2sin2 8)

b2
=
26. Consider P is the point of intersection of two perpen­
dicular tangents. Thus the locus of P is the director
circle.

9
 Ellipse

Also SP= a-ex = a(l -e cos 8)

Sincep is the length of perpendicular from the focus
· S(ae, 0),
ecos8-l =a2 (l- cos 2 8) + b 2 (1-sin 2 8)
then, p =-;====== =a2 + b2 -(a2 cos2 8+ b2 sin2 8)
= a2+b2 -,:Z
( c;:0+ s�:8)
Hence, the result.
1 (b2cos 28+ a2sin 28) 30. Any tangent to the ellipse
=> = 2 2
p
2
a b (e cos 8-1) 2 �cos 8 +2:'..sin 8 =l
a b
b2 _ (b2cos 2 8 +a 2sin28) Let it meet the x-axis at A and y-axis at B. Then the co­
=>
p 2 - a 2 (ecos8,;_1)2 ordinates ofA and B are
sin 29 A=(-0 , o)andB=(o,
. . -/!-- .. )
2
= [ a (I�:;�:':: ;: ] cos8 sm8
l
Let M(h, k) be the mid-point of AB.
··
(l-e2 ) cos 28+ sin 2 8 a b
=[ ] Then = --and2k =-·-.
2h
(ecos8-1}2 .. cos8 sin8
. b
=> h=-- a
andk=--
=[:::'::�] 2cos8
a·
=> cos8=-andsin8=-
2sin8
b
..
+ecos8
=[l
2h .. . 2k
]
1--eco&8. Squaring and adding, we.get
Also, -a2 - b2
+ =l
2a 2a . l+·ecos8 4h2 4k2
-l= -l=
SP a(l -ecos 8) l;... e cos 8 Q 2 b2
=> -+-=4
I

· /,2 2 a ·· h2 k2
Hence' -2 =--1
p SP Hence, the locus of M(h, k) i's
29. �tthe point P be (a cos (Jc b sin 8). a 2, b 2
-+-= 4
The equation of the tangen at P be x2 y2
t

�cos 8 +2:'..sin8=1 31. The tangent at P(a cos 8, b sin 8) is

a b
�cos8+ 2:'..sin 8 == l
a b
a
Let it meets the directrix x = -· at Q, where Q is
b(e-cos 8) ·
e
( �. _ )
e esm8
_ -cos8)
- m1 - b(e
. fs'P-
SI··opeo
esm8
b(e-cos 8) a
Slope of SQ = m2 = . /(- -ae)
esm8 e
0+0-1
Now, p =l---;::====I _ b(e-cos8)
cos 28 sin 28 -
--. +-- a(l-e2)sin8
a2 b2 Thus, m 1 xm2
-1- cos 8
. =-
2
sin 8 2
bsin 8 b(e-cos 8)
=> -+- = ----x ___,;;.___
p2 a2 b2 a(cos8-e) a(l-e2 )sin8
___,;c_

b2 b-
2
a2sin 2 8+b2 cos 28 = - --= - =-1
a2 (1-e2) b2
a 2b 2
Hence, the result.

10
 Ellipse

32. Any tangent to the ellipse is

. 2 a2 d 2
SID 9 =--. - an COS 9=
�cos 8 + Lsin8 = 1 +b +b2
b
... (i) 2 2 2

Hence the point P is

a a

Its point of contact is P(a cos 8 bsin 6) and its slope is

a

b
--cot8
(+ �.::b,. h)
±

Also the focus is S(ae, 0).

a

Any line through the focus S anp perpendicular to the 34. As we know tha the locus of the point of intersection
of two perpendicular tangents is the director circle.
t

tangent (i) is
Hence, the equation of the director cfrcle to the given
y-0=-!aJ;IO(x-ae) ...(ii) ellipse is
b ...
a

x2+ y2 =a2+,b2 = 16 + 9 :::o 25

Also the equation of CP is
� x2+y2=25
y-0=-tan O(x-0) ...(iii) 35. As \V� �ow that the l9pus of the point of intersection
b
a
of two perpendicular tangents to an ellipse is the direc­
Eliminating 8 between Eqs (ii) and (iii), we get tor circle.
Hence, the equation of the director circle is
x ae =
(::)( � ) l x2+y2 = a2 +b2 =4+ 1='5
� x2+y2=5
x ae )=(::) which is the required focus.of P.
� ( � 36. The equations of the pair of tangents to the ellipse
2x2 + 3/=1 from the point(l, 1) is
=> - = (2x2 +3/-1)(2 +3-1}=(2x + 3y-1)2
(I 7) !'.)
( � 4(2x2 + 3/-1)=(2x+ 3y-1)2
� 4(2x2 + 3y-1)=4x2 + 9y2+1 + l2xy-4x-6y
� (1-:: )={7) � 4x2-3y-,- l2xy-4x+6y.'...3=0
37. The equation of the given ellipse is
=> (1- •'( 3x2+2y=5
�/>)=(;) -+-
2 , y2
=1
5/3 5/2
X ,;l

� e2 =(7) The equation of any tangents to the ellipse are

y=mx ± �b2m2 + a 2
� x=-
e
a
which is passing through (1, 2), so
Hence, the result.
33. Consider a point Pon the ellipse whose coordinates are 2=m±�
(a cos 8 bsin 6)
The equation of the tangent at P is � (2-m)2= �m 2 +�
2 3
�cos8 + Lsin8=l l5m + 6
b (2-m)2=
5
2

Since the tangent makes equal angles with the axes, so

a

� 9m +24m -14=0
its slope is ±1.
Let its roots are m 1 and m,2•
2

u _ bc�s8 =
Th s, ±l Thenm 1 +m2=-24/9 anam 1 m2=-14/9
Let 8 be the angle between them.
a SID (J
b2 cos 8 -1 Then
a sin 8
2
� - ---'--
tan (8) = j;:
2 2

sin28 = cos28 = 1 :I:: I

-;;:- ,;r- a2+b2 �(m1 + m2) -4m1 m2

2

l+m1 m2
=

11
 Ellipse

= -Jf+}!
_ 14
= .Jµo x2-=12x /1
3 s V6
1

9=�-'{1
1)
, ��� Do (yourself. ( N
39. Do,yqurself. The equation of the non:nal at Pis
4,0: l)o yotn,"Self. ax sec 0-bycosec 8= a2-b2 ...(i)
41. Do yourself. . . . . ·. Since the line (i) meets the major axis at G and minor
L(·
42. Let one endofa latus rectum is ae, ,;)· and minor axis at G' respectively, then
axis be B(0, ..,.b). . a.
( a 2 b2
The equatfon of the norttial to the eliipse atL is G= cos 8, 0)
a
a
and E = ( 0, - a
.,-x-ay= a2 -b2 2
b� sin 0)
:
e,.
which is.passiimthrouibB'(O; -,b), so we,have
PF= CQ = length of perpendicular frolll C(O, 0) on the
ab=a2-b2
� ab= a2-a2(L--32)F9ra2e2,, tangent �cos 0 + lsin 0 = 1· at P.
a b
=» b=ae2 ab
� b2 =a2e4 - 2 2
�a sin 0 + b2 cos2 0
� · a2(1....: e2) cJe4=
� e4 +e2-l=O Also, PG= !!_�b2 cos2 0+ a 2sin28
Hence, the result. .· a

,4 and PG'= !:�b2 cos2 0 +a2 sin 2 0

2 2 ·;
43. Let the ellipse be \ + = l and P(a:cos 0 fosin 8) be b
a b
Thus, PF· PG= b2 and PF· PG' 'fa{.
any point on the ellipse.
45. The equation of the nohnal tothe ellipse at P(IJ) is
Then, ax sec 0-by cosec 0= a2-b2)
SP=a-ex = a-aecos 0=a(l-ecos 8) y
and
SP= a+ ex = a+ ae,cos 0= a(l + e cos 8)
.The equation of the noroialatPis
ax sec 8-bycosec 0=a2 .:_ b2
Now,
2 2
L=(a -b cos8,0). =(ae ,
2
cos0;0) Y'
a
� OL =ae2cos 8
Thus, S'L = ae + ae2 cos 8 = a3 (1 + e cos 8),
(o, (
Thus the co-ordinates ofMandN are
b2 � a 2 )s n
i 0)
SL=ae-ae2 cos = ae(l -e cos 8)
Now,
l+
S'P = e oos 8 S'L = '°d ((
a 2
:b
2
)cos 0, o)
SP. 1- ecos8 .SL
� PL bisects th� ?S'PS inte�ly.
Since PL ..1. PT, th�refore, PTwill bisect LS'PS exter­
nally.
2 2
44. Let the ellipse be x 2 + \ =1 and P(a cos 8, b sin 8)
a b
be any pointonJhe eUipse.

12
 Ellipse

Also, PN= . lanf ={i�:Jt)

2 2
=. ·... ( a abb ·. ·se<.:
-
t e
aii'
)
82
· ( a2
. . ..
b2
sin2 8
2 cos 8 -- = ) x sin 20
2:b
2
=b --+
.,.a2 . },2
Thus, it is maximum when
Thus,PM:PN=a2: b2 20=90° => 0=45 °.
Hence, the result.
Therefore, the maximum value is
46. Since the ordinate P meets the circle at (&. the co-ordi­
°'·
nates of P and Q are(" cqs b sjµ (!) and (a cos 8, a
( a::t)
sin (!), respectively. · ..; ...
y 48. The. equation of any normal to the ellipse atP((!)is
ax sec0-by cosec 0=a2-b2 ...(i)

Let C be the centre of.the ellipse..

Then CM= Length of perpendicular from the centre C
to the nonnal
(a 2 :__b2)
= -;::==========
�a 2sec 2 0+ b2cosec2 0
·r (a2- b2 )
= 2 2 2 2
The equation of the normal to the ellipse.at P( (!) is �a + b + a tan 0 + b2 cot2 0
ax sec 0-by COS'iC 8=;;= a2-b,2 ...(i) (a2 -; b· 2 )
< -a· -
. ·b·
and the equation ofnonnaJ to the �i,:IX,iliary cite.le at Q(a �a 2 b2 + ab
+ 2 .
cos 8, a sin 6) is
49. The equatipn of tangent at Pis
y= (tan 0) ... (ii)
SoMng. we g'it �cos <p + Ism <p = 1 ... (i)
a b
and the equation of nonnal at Pis
cos 8:;;; -. x_. and sin 0 =-Y­ ax sec <p- by cosec q, = ri � b2 ...(ii)
. (a +.b); (q +b).
Q =(a sec q,, 0)
Squaring �d adding, we get
x4+/=(a+bi = a 2-b:) cos <p
and R u '
0)
47. The equation of any nonnal at P( (!) is
x sec 8� by cosec (l= a2-b2 •
a
:. Slope of nonnal == m1 = ,;tan 8

b
and slope of CP= m2 = -tan
a 0.

Therefore,
QR=a
. c<p
2 2
<p=·.
· ·- b · ) cos···
. - (a
N => ase a

Let q, be the angle between CP and the nonnal at P. a2 sin2 <p +.b2 cos2 <p=a cos <p
2
=>

13
 Ellipse

=> cl- sin2 q, + d'( 1 -: e2) cos2 q, = cl- cos <p P(h,k)
=> d'(sin2 + c�s2f-tl-e2cos2 q,= cl-cos q,
=> cl- - tl-e2 cos2 == cl- cos <p
=> c2 cos2 q,+ cos q,-1 = 0
x 2 y2 =
50. The equation of the normal to the ellipse 2+ 2 1
at P(x i ,Yi), Q(x2, y2 ) and R(x2, y3) are a b
a2 x b2 y _
---
Xi
-a 2 -b2 · ...(i) It subtends a right angle at the centre (0, 0) of the
Yi
ellipse
b2 = 2 - i
a 2x --1:'..
a b ••• (..
11) x2 y2
X2 Y2 2 + =1 ...(ii)
a, 0 2
b
b2
a 2 x --1:'..
and = a2 - b2
Y3
... (iii)
X3
Eliminating x andyfrom Eqs (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
a2 b2
Jcl-b2
Xi Yi
a2 b2
(a2 -b2 ) =O Since these lines areafright angles, therefore sum of
X2 Y2
the co-efficients of x2 and y is zero.
a 2
b2 ( 2 -b2
a )
(-12 - h4 )+(_!___k. 42)=0
2
X3 Y3 =>
a a b2 b , .
1 .l
1 h 2 k2 -1
Xi Yi => ( + )= +_!_
?:..,_;;,

1 l a4 b4 , ·. a2 · b2
=> 1=0 Hence, the locus of (h� k) is
X2 Y2
1 1
X3 Y3
1 (::,+ ;: )= :2
+ :2

X1 Yi X1Yi 52. Let the point from which the tangents are drawn be (h,
=> Xz Y2 X2Y2 =:0 k).
So the equation of the chord of contact from the point
X3 Y3 X3Y3 (h, k) to the given ellipse is
Also -+ky
hx - =1 ...(i)
acosa bsina abcosasina a2 b2
acos /3 bsin f3 ab cos /3 sin /3 =0
acosr bsin r ab cos r sin r
P(h,k)

coseca sec a 1
=> cosec /3 sec /3 1=0
cosecr seer 1
seca coseca 1
=> sec /3 cosec /3 1= 0 It touches the circle x2 +I' = c2.
sec r cosec r 1 Therefore, the length of the perpendicular from the
centre (0, 0) .to the chord of contact (i ) is equal to the
Hence the result. radius of the circle.
51. Let the point from which tangents are drawn be (h, k). 0+0-1
The equation of the chord of contact from the point (h, Thus, 1---;:::===-1= c
h2 k2
k) to the given ellipse is � + 7z = 1. -+­
a4 b4

14
 Ellipse

h2 k2 I From Eqs (i) and (ii); we get

-+-=.,,.­ k .k 1
a4 b4 c2 = 2
C COS 9 =; C Sin 8 h k2
Hence, the locus of (Ii, k}is - +­
x2 y2 I a2 b 2
-+-=�
a4 b4 c2
53. Let (x 1,y 1) be the point qf intersection of the perpendic­
2
cos 8=�.(h + 2 )
. C. (12 b
k
2

ular tangents, so thatJ�i,Yi) lies on the director circle k2

2

· x:f+ y2 =a2'+b .· 1·· · and sin 8=�(h2 + )

1 1 ...(1) C a b2
The equation of the chqid of contact froin (x 1, y1) is Squaring and adding, we get
XX1 + Y.Y1 =

(t: +::Jr +{�r:: +zm=l

I ...("")
11
a2 b2
Let its mid-point be (h, k).
:. The equation of the chord bisected at (h, k) is h2 k2
2 �2 )
( 2 + 2) ( 2
hx ky h2 k2
... (iii) a b = h + k2 .
+
a2 b2 .� a2 + bt Hence, the locus of (h, k} is
From Eqs (ii) and (iii), 'fe get 2').
:n
2 2 2
,1_ Y1 -'-· • l ( .
+ :2 ) = ( x2:·y2
h- k-(�: +
:2

55. Let the co-ordinates of P be (h, le).

((�:t)}'+((�: )J
y
Now from Eqs. (i), we get
P(h,k)
2
=(a +b 2
)

f,
� (a2 +6i{�;t ;:J ==(h 2 +.k2}.

Hence, the locus of (h, k) is The equation of its chord of contact with respect to the
ellipse
(a'+b')(�: �)' =(x'+ y') - x2 2
y
-+-=l 1s
54. Let the point be (c cos8, c sin8}. a2 b2
The equation of the tangentto 9te.el1.ip�e at(c
.. cos8, c hx+ ky =l
·8}� a2 b2
x-ccos9 .· y-ccos8 _ . It meets the axes in
1 ...(i)
A( a: ,o) and B(o,1)
> a2 ·. + · '1,2 · -
Let the color<iinates ofthe mid-poinfbe (h, k).
p
. I
Now, area of the tnangle OAB = - · OA · OB
.2
I a2 b2
=-·-·-
2 h, k

::;.2-h·k
.
,i
= con.s.·tant
•.• F 2 (say)
. -
:. The equation of the chord bisected at (h, k) is . a2b2
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is x · y =
hx + ky = h + k T
2 2
...(ii) which represents a hyperbola.
a2 b2 � b2

15
 Ellipse

56. Let the point P be (a<,0s 8, b sin 8). · 58. Let the point be (h, k).
:. The equation of normalat P to the ellipse is
a·x·sec 8-b.·y-cosec 8=t:r-.b2 ••• (i)

T The equation of the chord bisected at (h� k) to the el-

. . hx ky = h2 k2
hpse1s 2 + · 2
N. a b a 2 + 'il
Let its mid-point be (h, k).
:. The eq�tion ofthe chord bisectecl at (h; k) is ) =·
-hx ky =-
+-
h 2 +-k2
· ... (ii) [t �l
a
2 b2 a 2 b 2 I a2 b2

From Eqs (i) and (ii), we gt;t Now we make it a homogenousequation of 2nd degree.
hx
.[( +zl
ky · i·
2
a sec 8 = b cosec 8 = a 2 - b2

e : :n
x 2 y2 )
(h/a2 ) (�k/b2 ) h2 .· k2 �( ) . -;;.
+. 2 )
( 02 ,, . , + i1
= +

::J
=> cos6=(:: +
::}(.,/b')
)
and sin6=(:: + (� + ;:)(:: + =(�+ 7,)'
�){b' (•�:b')) h2x2 k2y,2 2hkxy:·
=-4-+. -+ -
Squaring and adding, we get a b4 a2b2 .
a6 b6 · x2 + y2 2 Since the chord . subtends.· right angl� at the centre, so
(x2 + y2 ) (a2 b2 ) = (a .... b )2
2 2
co-efficient or:x2 + co-efficient.9fy2 = 0
57. Let tJie point be.(h, k); a2x2 /J2y2 x2 Y2.
--+--= . 4 (-+-
)�.<
1
1

4 .a b
2 .
2 . .
The equation of the chord bisected. at (h, k) to the el­ a b
x2 y 2
lipse 2 + 2 = 1 is
(:: + �:)'(� + � )=(:: + t)
a b =>
ky h 2 k2
hx -=-+-
-+ .•.(1') Hence, the focus of(h, le) is
a2 b2 a2 b2
· · circle x2
and the equation of the tangentto tJi� aµxiliary x2 -
(-+
2
y2) . -+·-
2 .
·
(J ..
1 )·= -+
2 .....
2

4
(x.
•.. y )
· . • -
2

+y2 = t:l at (a cos 8c a sin 8) is· · · a2 b2 a b a b4

X COS 8+ y sinfJ= 4 ...(ii) 59. Let the point P be (a cos 8, b sin 8) -1,Q be
From Eqs (i) and (ii), we get
cos9 sin9 a
hl = l = h k2
a 2 k b 2 2
."
( 2+ 2)
a b i.e.(..:. a sin & b cos f!).
Squaring and adding, we get··

-t:,+ ::)=(:: + ::)'

Hence the locus of (h, k) is

a2 (::+ ::)=(::+ ::r Let M(h, k) be the mid-point of/'Q.

16
 Ellipse

Hence, the locus of (a, fJ> is

Then, h=,i·(cos ft"'."'sin 8) 2
x2 + y2 x2
=
) ( 2 y2 +
.( 2 )
and k= !!.(cos 8 + sin 8) a +b2 a b2
2
61. Let the mid-point be (h, k).
=> 2h 2
=(cos 8- sinS) and k= (cos 8 + sin 8)
a b .
Squaring and adding. :we get
4),2 4k2 =2
( + )
a2 b2
h2 + k2)=!
(
=> a 2 b2 2 Q
The equation of the chord of the ellipse whose mid,.
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is
point (h, k) is
x2 2
( y )=! hx ky h2 Jc2
+ -+-=-+­
2
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
a 2
b 2

60. Equation ofthe chord of contact to the tangents at (h, k) which passes through the focus (ae; 0).
is hae h2 . k
Thus,-=-+-·
2

hx ky
- +-=1 ...(i) a 2 a 2 b2
a 2 b2 .
he b2h2 +a k
=> -=----
2 2

a a 2b2
=> b2h2 + a2k2 = ab2he
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is
b2h2 + a2:1 = ab2xe
62. Let the point be (�. k).

The equation. of the chord ofthe ellipse whose mid­

point (a, /3) ii
,2
�'x· + ""T
py =.· 2
a2 Jfl
+� ...(ii)
b b
The equation of the chord of the ellipse whose middle
a a
Since Eqs (i) and (ii) are the same, therefore point (h, k) is
h k 1 h2 .· k2
-+-=-+- ... (i)
hx ky
-;,� {J
� (j +l) a 2 b2 . a 2 b2
and the equation of the tangent to the ellipse
x2 y2
=>
h=(« p2 2 +2=1 at (a cos 8, /jsin 8) is
a p
)
a2
�cos8+ y sin8=1
+,;r
, a
k=
and p p
Sirtce both the.equations are identical, so
cos 8/a sin.81/3. . .
.. (�+ ::) hla = klb h · k •.
= (·-
> L
Also, (h, k) lies on the director circle of the given +-,-)
2 2

. .
2 2

a2 b2
ellipse x2 + :1 = a2 + b2 •
Squaring and adding, we get
Thus h2 +k2=a2+b2
' . .
a2h2
+
p2k2
=
(!!:_ + k ).
2
2

=> a4 b4 a 2
b2 .

17
 Ellipse

Hence the locus of (h, k) is 67. Letthe pole be (h, k).

a2�2 + {32y2 ·(X2 l. )
2 The equation of polarw.r.t. the ellipse c2x2 +H=1 is
+ c2hx + Jlky=1
a4 a 2 . b2
=
b4
2 2 => Jlky=-c2 hx+l
63. Let the ellipse be :2 + �2 ='l and its focus is (ae, 0). 2
h 1
=> y=--·c .2-x:+.,..,..;-.
The equation.of the polar is d k . d2k 2 2
XX1 + Y. ·Y1 -l
which is a tangent to'the ellipse"1� 2 +'Y2 = 1
b
tl . b2 So, c2= a2m 2 + b2
a

x(ae) y(O) l
=> =
a2
+
b2
a
=> x=-
e '. '
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is
<

which is the directrix.

64. Let the pole be (x1 ,y1 ). a2c4x2-b2<fy2=1
68. Let the pole be (h, k).
.
y . Yi = 1· . wh'1ch 1s
The equa..,on
� of· +1. . lar. 1s
"'ie po XXi + �
. ""T.
a b The equation of the �tar is ·� + �=I
identical with Ix + my + n = 0 a b
X1fa2 Yifb2 -l
0+O-1
It is given that 1""";;:==...1 = c
So, -- =-;;;- =-; h 2 k2
1 -"-+­4
a21 b2 m a4 . b
=> X1 =
--,Yi=--
.. - h k
2 2
1
n n.. => - +-=-
a 1 b m
Hence, the pole is (- : , : }
- a b c2
4 4

Hence, the locus of (h, k) is

65. lf(h, k) be the pole of a given line w.r.t. the ellipse, then
i4 +-=
- y2 - l
a b4 c2
its equation is
69. Let the pole be (h, k).
hx ky ...(i)
=1
-
a2 +-
b2 ,Toe equation ofthepolaris !!:fa +�=1
b.
...(i)
If tangents at its extremities meet af ( a, P), then it is the
chord of contact of (a, P) and hence its equation is and the equation of th� non;nal to the ellipse· is
ax {3y . ax sec <p-by coJec <p,,;, a2 -, b2 ...(ii)
= ...(ii) Comparing Eqs (i) and (ii), we get
a2+ b'- 1'
Comparing Eqs (i) and (ii), we get hla2
--= klb2 · 1
-hla2 - k!b2 a sec <p b c<>sec <p a 2-b2 '
= =1
. ala 2 {3lb2 h cos <p ksin<p 1
-- 3 -
=
=> h=a,k=/3 a i?cosec <p :;: a - b2
2

Thus, the pole (h, k) is the same as ( a, P), i.e. the inter­ 3
.
3

cos <p = s =- 2 2
a b
section of tangents. h(a2-b2 ) ' m <p k(a -b )
66. Let the pole be (h, k).
The equation of polar w.r.t. the ellipse x2 + 4y2= 4 is Eliminating <P, we get
hx+4ky=4
which is identical with x+ 4y= 4
h 4k 4
So, -=-=-
1 4 4
=> !!.=!=1
1 1 a6
Hence, the locus of(h, k) is 2 +""T = (a 2-b2 )2
b6
Hence, the pole is (1, 1) X y

18
 Ellipse

70. Let the pole be (h, k) Q(-a cos q,, b sin q,),
The equation of the polar w.r.t. the parabola is S(-a sin q,, b cos q,)
yk= 2a(x + h) and R(a sin q,, -b cos q,)
� yk = 2ax + 2ah 73.
2a 2ah
� y=-x+-
k k L 2
which is a tangent to the ellipse � + Y 2 =1

r r
a /3
h
So, (2: =a (2; + 13
2 2

Let CP and CD be two. conjugate semi-diameters of an

� 4trh2 = 4chi + k1-{3 2 2 2
Hence, the locus of pole (h, k) is ellipse ;2 + ;2 =1 and let the eccentric angle of P is
4a2x2 = /{3 2 + 4a2ci q,. Thus the eccentric angle of D is ; + q, .
71. Therefore the co-ordinates of P and Dare (a cos q,, b
sin q,) and
(a cos(; +q,).bsin(; +q,))
i.e. (-a sirt q,, b cos q,)
Thus cp2 + cD2
= (a2 cos2 q, + b2 sin2 q,) + (a2 sin2 q,+ b2 cos2 q,)
=a2+b2
Let (h, k) be the mid�point ofthe chord y == mx + c of the 74.
x2 2
elbpse + y = 1 ...
•
2 b2
0
Then T= S1
xh yk h2 k2
� -+-=-· +-.2
2
a 2
b2 a b
b2 h
� k=-- Let· CP and CD be · the conjugate diameters · of the
a2 m ellipse.
b2x
Hence, the locus of the mid-point is Y = --2- Let P = (a cos q,, h sin q,). �en the co-ordinates of D is
am (-a sin q,, b cos q,).
72. 1\vo diameters are said to be conjugate when each bi­
sects all chords parallel to the other. Thus,
SP·S'P= (a-ae cos q,)(a + ae cos q,)
Ify = m 1X and y = m-].X Oe two conjugate diameters of an
= a2 � il-<l- cos2 q,
. b2
elbpse, then m1 m2 = - 2 . = a2-(a2""'" b2) cos2 q,
a
= a2 sin2 + b2 cos2 q,
=CD2
75 Let the eccentric angle of P is (q,) and the eccentric
angle of Mis (q, + ; ) .
Then the co-ordinates of P·and Mare (a cos <p, b sin q,)

J
and
Let PQ and RS be two conjugate diameters. Then the
co-ordinates of the four extremities of two conjugate ( a cos( q, +; ).b sin( q,+ ;)
diameters are
P(a cos q,, b sin q,), i.e. (a cos q,, b sin q,) and (-a sin q,, b cos q,)

19
 Ellipse

The equation of the tangent at P is

X y. q, .=· 1
-cos <p+ -sin ...(i)
a b b3
and the equation of the tangent at Mis Hence, the required diameters is y = --r x
a
X . ' y => a3y + b3x = 0
-smcp+-coscp=l ...(ii)
-a b 78. The given ellipses are
Squaring and adding Eqs (i)and (ii), we get
-x2 y 2
x2 y2 +-=1 ...(i)
- +-=2 a2 b 2
a2 b 2 x2 y 2
x2 y
76. · Let1the•equation of the ellipse be 2 + 22 =1. and - +-==1
c2 d2
...(ii)
a b
The equation of lines passing through the PQ!nt of in­
tersection of the ellipses are
1_ )
a2 _!_
x2 (-
c2 .
+l(. .·b_!_
2 _ _!_
d2
)=o ... (iii)
which represents a pail' of lines through the origin.
Ify = mx be one of the· lines, then y = mx must satisfy
(iii), then
Let the eccentric angle of P is ('P) and the e.ccentric
C\ � :2 }+ni(:z -J2 )=o
angle of D is ( <p+ �) .
Then the co-ordinates of P and Dare (a cos cp, b sin cp)
and
( a cos( cp+ �), bsin( cp+ �
))
i.e. (a cos <p, b sin <p) and(-:-a sin cp, b cos <p)
,
Let M(h, k) be the mid-point of PD;
Then
h=acos cp-qsin <p
2
a cos q,+ b sin q, (2h)f (2· k}f
and k =----'----'-=>--+-. . -
2 a2 b2
=(cosrp-sirt q>f· +(cos <p+ sin q,)2
h 2 k2 1
=> -2 +-2 =-
a b 2
2 ·. 2 l
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is· x2 + Y2 = -
a b 2 a2 b 2
=> -. +-=2
77. The equation of the givefi diameter is c2 d 2
ax-by=O Hence, the result.
a 79. The co-ordinates of P and Dare (a cos cp, b sin <p) and
=> y=-x ...(i)
b ('""'l sin q,, b cos q,)
a Let PM is the normal at P and DN i� the normal at D.
Thus, m1 = b
B

Letthe diameter conjugate to (i) bey = 111-r

As we know that, two diameters y = m 1x andy = mr
. b2
are conJugate, 1'f m1 • �. = -2
a b
2

=> c.b xm2 = - 2

a
B'

20
 Ellipse

The equations of the normals at P and D are · Area of the parallelogratt11= MNMW�"
ax sec <p-by cosec <p=cl- -:- b2 =4 (the area of the parallelogram CPMR.)
and -ax cosec q,-by sec q,=cl--b2 • 2. . 2 . . . . . db · ·
== 4x)a�cos q,+b sm.2q,x/ 2 2• ·.·· 2. 2
respectively. .• . a oos tp + b sin q,
Since, H(a, /J) is the point of intersection of the nor­ =4ab
mals, so =constant
aa sec q,-b/3 cosec q,-(cl--b2)=0 Hence, the result.
and
aa cosec <p + b/3 sec q, + (cl--b2)=0
...(i)

...(ii)
81. Let the eccentric angles at P and Q be q, and ( 1& +
respectively 2
q,)
Eliminating·.� from Eqs (i) and (ii), we get Tlle, .�llation,,pf tlle,.tangents atf +¼P4Q
sec <p _ cdsec q, (a2 - b2 ) are q,
�cos q, + l:.sin =1
a .
(aa -bfJ) � -(aa +'b/3) 7",(a 2 a2- + b2 J32)
b

(a2 a2 + b2ft2)
cos<p= 2 ·.·.·2) ...... ·· a
q,
and -�sin + l:.cos q, =1 ·
b
(a - b (aa - b/3) respectively
Squaring and adding, we get
.. (a 2 J+b2 p2)
and Stn<p= .. . · .... · x2 y2
-+-=2
-(a2 -b2 )(aa+b/J)
a2 b2 .
Squaring and adding, 'Ye get
Hence, the result.
2(ifdf + b2p2)3=(if TT b2)(cl-<i;, b2/32)2 82. Thus, the eqµation of the ellipse is
Hence, the locus of H( a, /J) is 2
y2 +-x2 =1
3
2(cl-x2 + b2/)3=(if..,. b2)(cl-x2-b2/)2. x 2 y2
80. -+-.=l
3 2
Hence, the eccentricity is

e=Jl-:� =�1-¾= �

83. The given equation of an ellipse is

;,.;

16x2+25/=400
y x2 y2
Let PCQ and RCS be two c�jugate diamete,� of the -+-=1
25 16
x2 y2
From the reflection property of an ellipse, the reflection
.
elhpse 2+2=1.
a b. ray passes through the focus.
Then the co-ordinates of P, Q, R, and Sare Thus, the co-ordinates ofthe other focus=(3, 0).
P(a cos q,, b sin q,), Q(-a cos <p, -b sin q,), Wheny = 4, thenx == 0.
R(-a sin q,, b cos q,) and S(a sin q,, -b cos <p) respec­
So the point is (0, 4).
tively.
The equations of tangents at P, R, Q and Sare So the equation of the feflection ray is

�cos q,+l:.sin <p= 1, �+l:.=1

a b 3 4
=> ,,4x + 3y=12
--sm q,+-cosy <p=
X •
a · 1
h
y . q,= 1
--cos q,-.-:-sm.
b ··
X
a
y
and -sm q,- -cos q,=1
X . .
a b
Thus, the tangents at P and Qare parallel. Also the tan­
gents at R and S are are parallel. Hence, the tangents at
P, R, Q, S form a parallelogram.

21