Technology

MICROCADD TECHNOLOGIES - Master Reseller of Research Engineers, Inc. for STAAD.
Pro - Best
Performing Autodesk Authorized Training Center ASEAN 1999 awarded by AUTODESK in Maui, Hawaii -
ASEAN ATC (Authorized Autodesk Training Center) Highest Rating Award for the year 2000, awarded by
AUTODESK in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Recipient of “Best Instructor Award” for the year 2000 by
AUTODESK in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Acknowledgment To all engineers, architects To all students who
participated in our workshops To all companies who entrusted their staff to us for training To Research
Engineers Inc., who developed the program Above all, To God Almighty. We dedicate this manual.
Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
926-3297 • 926-3298 • 926-3286 GIII-B Ground Floor, The Gallery Building Amorsolo St., Legaspi Village,
Makati City
894-2580 • 843-6519 Suite 504 Doña Consolacion Bldg. 62 Gen. Santos Ave., Cubao, Quezon City
911-2062 • 911-2055 • 437-8881 MAIN OFFICE: FULFILLMENT CENTERS: MICROCADD Technologies Co.
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD / Pro 5th Level, SM Manila Manila
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page I TABLE OF CONTENTS Description Page About StaadPro
....................................................................................... 1 Hardware/System Requirements
..................................... .................... 2 Loading Staad Program
......................................................................... 3 StaadPro Screen Organization
............................................................. 4 Different Modes of Opertions
................................................................. 5 Page/Sub-page menus in Modelling Mode
.......................................... 6 Different Type of Structures .................................................................... 7
Unit System .............................................................................................. 8 Coordinate System
................................................................................. 8 Global Coordinate System
......................................................... 9 Cylindrical Coordinate System .................................................. 9
Reverse Cylindrical Coodinate System .................................... 10 Local Coodinate System
............................................................ 10 Beta Angle
............................................................................................... 11 How to Create New Structure
................................................................ 13 Command Formats
................................................................................. 14 Problem Initiation and Title
..................................................................... 16 Unit Specification
.................................................................................... 16 Input/Output Specification
....................................................................... 17 Joint Coordinates Specification
............................................................ 17 Defining joint node using Graphical User Interface
............................. 21 Member Incidences Specification ........................................................ 23 Ground
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page II Creating Geometry Using Liabrary
....................................................... 26 Importing Geometry from CAD software
.............................................. 31 Editing of Model Geometry Erase
............................................................................................ 32 Copy
............................................................................................. 32 Mirror
............................................................................................ 34 Break All
...................................................................................... 35 Renumber
.................................................................................... 35 Display Options Zoom
............................................................................................ 36 Pan
............................................................................................... 37 View Selected Members only
.................................................... 37 To View Tables ............................................................................ 38
To View Whole Structure ............................................................ 39 Orientation
................................................................................... 39 Configuration of display
.............................................................. 41 Group Command
.................................................................................... 49 Element Incidence Specification
...................................... .................... 52 Built-in Steel Section Library
................................................................. 54 Member Property
Specification............................................................. 57 Group Command
.................................................................................... 49 Element Incidence Specification
...................................... .................... 52 Built-in Steel Section Library
................................................................. 54 Member Property
Specification............................................................. 57 Specifying Properties from steel table
...................................... 58 Prismatic Property Specification ............................................... 60 Prismatic
Tapered Tube Property Specification........................ 61 Tapered Member Specification
.................................................. 61 Table of Contents Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page III Element Property
Specification.............................................................. 66 Defining of Loads Selfweight
.................................. .................................................. 70 Joint Load ................................................
.................................... 72 Member Load ................. ............................................................ 72 Uniform
Load ................................................................... 73 Concentrated Load
.......................................................... 74 Linearly Varying Load ..................................................... 75
Trapezoidal Load ............................................................ 76 Area / Floor Load
........................................................................ 78 Exercise Steel Truss
............................................................................... 81 Load Combination
.................................................................................. 86 Global Support Specification
................................................................. 89 Analysis Specification
............................................................................ 93 Load List Command
............................................................................... 95 Parameter Specifications
...................................................................... 97 Select Optimized Command
................................................................. 99 Code Checking Command
.................................................................... 100 Steel Take Off Command
....................................................................... 101 Print Specification
.................................................................................. 103 Draw Specification
................................................................................. 109 Sample Input File (Steel Truss)
............................................................. 112 Tabulated Results of Steel Design
........................................................ 115 Table of Contents Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page IV Plan of Four-Storey Commercial Bldg.
................................................. 116 Load Criteria ............................................................................... 120
Constants ..................................................................................... 121 Member Properties
.................................................................... 122 Loadings
...................................................................................... 123 UBC 1997 Load Definition
.................................................................... 125 Concrete Design Specification
............................................................. 127 Concrete Take Off Command
................................................................ 134 Footing Design Specification
................................................................ 136 StaadPro Toolbars
.................................................................................. 151 EDP
.......................................................................................................... 158 Windows
.................................................................................................. 165 Table of Contents Ground Floor,
Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 1 About STAAD.Pro In STAAD.Pro, the focus is on productivity.
STAAD.Pro addresses the entire process of Structural Engineering. From model development to analysis
to design drafting to detailing - and even component design - STAAD/Pro is designed to work the way
the Structural Design Office woks. The STAAD engine provides general-purpose structural analysis and
integrated STEEL/CONCRETE/TIMBER design. The FEMKIT environment offers graphically oriented Finite
Element modeling and verification facilities - complete with 2D/3D meshing technologies and powerful
model verification tools. The Visual Draw CAD engine allows generation of Plans, Elevations, Sections
and detail drawings. Fully integrated in the STAAD/Pro environment, Visual DRAW provides drawings
generation, editing and plotting capabilities. The STARDYNE engine provides advanced analysis facilities.
Built around a com prehensive finite element library, the STARDYNE engine provides powerful Dynamic,
Seismic,Non-linear, Thermal, Buckling and other advanced analysis capabilities. The STAAD.etc is the
"engineer's structural toolkit" containing various component analysis and design module groups
including foundations, masonry, timber, steel, concrete and general analysis . As a standalone product,
STAAD.etc can be used to design small portal frames, continuous beams, footings, retaining walls, one-
way slab, connections, shear walls and much more. STAAD.etc allows the engineer to complete the
design cycle on the primary structure by analyzing and designing several structural components or
accessories within the STAAD.Pro environment using STAAD.Pro's results database. Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 2 Hardware Requirements The following requirements are
suggested minimums. Systems with increased capacity provide enhanced performance. · PC with Intel-
Pentium / AMD processor. · Graphics card and monitor with 1024x768 resolution, 256 color display (16
bit high color recommended). · 64 MB RAM or higher. · Windows 95/ NT 4.0 or higher operating system.
The software is capable of running in Windows NT 3.51, but, due to system limitations, some of the
features, such as Animation, may be disabled. · Sufficient free space on the hard disk to hold the
program and data files. The disk space requirement will vary depending on the modules you are install
ing. A typical minimum is 200MB to 300MB free space. · A multi-media ready system with sound card
and speakers is needed to run the tutorial movies and slide shows. Note: Additional RAM, disk space,
and video memory will enhance the performance of STAAD.Pro. Starting with STAAD.Pro Version 2001,
the size of structures that the program can handle has been increased significantly. As a result of this,
the minimum amount of physical + virtual memory required by the program also has increased to over
200MB. Users may need to ensure that adequate amounts of virtual memory are available, and in
Windows NT and 2000 systems, parameters such as paging file sizes should be large enough or span
over multiple drives if the free space on any one drive runs low. Another issue to keep in mind is the
location of the “TEMP” parameter as in the “SET TEMP” environment variable in Windows NT and 2000
systems. While performing calculations, depending on the structure size, the program may create
gigantic scratch files which are placed in the folder location associated with the “TEMP” parameter.
Users may wish to point the “SET TEMP” variable to a folder on a drive that has disk space sufficiently
large to accommodate the requirements for large size structures. Note: The user must have a basic
familiarity with Microsoft Windows 95/NT systems in order to use the STAAD.Pro software. Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 3 Loading STAAD/Pro STAAD/Pro Opening Window Ground
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro 5th Level, SM Manila Manila
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 4 The STAAD/Pro Screen Organization Menu bar Toolbar Main
Window Data Area Menu bar Located at the top of the screen, the Menu bar gives access to all the
facilities of STAAD/Pro. Toolbar The dockable Toolbar gives access to the most frequently used
commands. You may also create your own customized toolbar. Main Window This is the largest area at
the center of the screen, where the model and the results are displayed. Page Control The Page Control
is a set of tabs that appear to the left of the Main Window. There are two rows of tabs for accessing
Pages and Subpages. Each Pag allows access to certain Subpages. Each Subpage allows you to perform
specific tasks. The organization of the Pages, from top to bottom, represent the logical sequence of the
operations, for example, definition of beams, specification of member properties, loading, and so on.
Each "Page" tab has a name and an icon for easy identification. The name on the tabs may or may not
appear depending on your screen resolution and the size of the STAAD/Pro window. However, the icons
on the Page Control tabs always appear. The Pages in the Page Control area depend on the Mode of
operation. The Mode of operation may be sent from the Mode menu from the Menu bar. Page Control
Sub-page Control Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 5 Data Area The right part of the screen is called Data Area,
where different dialog boxes, tables, list boxes,etc appear depending on the type of operation you are
performing. For example, when you select the Geometry|Beam Page, the Data Area contains the Node-
Coordinate table and the Member- Incidence table. When you are in the General | Load Page, the
contents of the Data Area changes to display the currently assigned Load cases and the Load
Specification dialog box. Notes: 1. Note that the tables and other dialog boxes in the Data Area are
physically seperate windows. In other words, you may move the Beam table or the Node table from
their usual right corner position. If you need to see more of the Main Window, simply maximize it. You
may still access the data tables by using the Window menu from the Menu bar. 2. The icons in the
toolbar as well as in the Page Control area offer Tooltip help. If you are not sure what a particular icon
represents, simply move your mouse on top of icon and wait a moment. A floating Tooltip help will
identify the icon. 3. The STAAD/Pro menu items are not "Page"-dependent. This means that you may
access any menu item at any point in time. For example, in the Geometry | Beam Page, you may select
menu command sequence Commands |Material Constants | Material Table... to edit a material table.
Similarly, the toolbar items are also independent of the Page. The "Mode" of Operation STAAD/Pro
offers you several "Modes" of operation. These modes may be accessed through the Mode menu from
the Menu bar. The tabbed items in the Page Control area change depending on the current Mode. A
check mark beside the menu item indicates that the specific menu item is selected. Modeling In the
Modeling(Pre-processing) mode, you generate your model geometry, specify loads, supports, and so on.
By default, when the program starts or a structure is opened, you always in the Modeling mode. Post
Processing The Post Processing mode allows you to perform post-analysis result verification, query,
report generation, so on. Piping The Piping mode allows ADLPIPE geometry to be viewed along with
structure geometry in the STAAD/Pro Graphical Environment. The Modeling Mode The Modeling Mode
offers graphical facilities for building the model, specifying Member properties, Supports, Loads, etc.
This is the default Mode in STAAD/Pro. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 6 The Pages in the Modeling Mode Page Sub-Page Purpose Setup
Job Specify job-related information such as job name, client name, revision details, etc. Geometry Beam
Specify Frame members along withNodes. Use grids to generate members graphically. Use tables to
specify Node Coordinates, Member incidences, Member orientation (Beta Angle) etc. Plate Specify Plate
elements along with nodes. Use grids to generate elements graphically. Use tables to specify Node
Coordinates and Element incidences. Solid Specify solid elements. Use grids to generate elements
graphically. Use tables to specify Node Coordinates and Element incidences. General Property Specify
Member Properties, such as sections, materials, etc. Properties are identified by Property Numbers,
which are referred to in the Beam Plate, and Solid tables in the respective pages. Spec Advanced
member related specifications, such as Member Releases, Tension-only members, etc. Support Create
and assign Supports with restrained DOF's. Load Specify Loads on Structure. Pre-print Defines items to
be included in the Output file before analysis Analysis/ Print Analysis Specifies the type of STAAD/Pro
analysis to be performed. Post-Print Specifies items to be included in the Output file after analysis Steel
Concrete Timber Aluminum Footing Specifies Design related parameters for corresponding type of
design. Design Sub-Page Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 7 TYPE OF STRUCTURES A Structure is defined as an assemblage
of components or elements. Almost any type of structure can be analyzed consisting of both frame and
plate/shell elements. SPACE - is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied in any plane.
PLANE - is a structure bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the same plane. FLOOR - is
a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal (global X and Z) applied loads or any load
which may cause any horizontal movement of the structure. The floor framing (in global X-Z plane) of a
building is an ideal example of FLOOR structure. Columns can also be modeled with the floor in FLOOR
structure as long as the structure has no horizontal loading. If there is any horizontal load, it must be
analyzed as a SPACE structure. TRUSS (2D or 3D)- is a structure consists of truss members which can
have only axial member forces and no bending in the members. Note: Specification of the correct
structure type reduces the number of equations to be solved during analysis. The results is a faster and
more economic solution for the user. The degree of freedom associated with frame elements of
different types of structures below. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 8 UNIT SYSTEM (EQUIVALENT ICON) The user is allowed to input
data and request output in almost all commonly used engineering unit systems including MKS, SI and
FPS. In input file, the user may change units as many times as required. Mix and match between length
and force units from different unit systems is also allowed. The input-unit for angles (or rotations) is
degrees. However, in JOINT DISPLACEMENT output, the rotations are provided in radians. For all output,
the units are clearly specified by the program. STRUCTURE GEOMETRY AND COORDINATE SYSTEM A
structure is an assembly of individual components such as beams, columns, slabs, plates etc.. In STAAD,
frame elements and plate elements may be used to model the structural components. Typically,
modeling of the structure geometry consists of two steps: A. Identification and description of joints or
nodes. B. Modeling of members or elements through specification of connectivity (incidences) between
joints In general, the term MEMBER will be used to refer to frame elements and term ELEMENT will be
used to refer to plate/shell and solid elements. Connectivity for MEMBERs may be provided through the
ELEMENT INCIDENCE command. STAAD uses two types of coordinate systems to define the structure
geometry and loading patterns. The GLOBAL coordinate system is an arbitrary coordinate system in
space which utilized to specify the overall geometry & loading pattern of the structure. A LOCAL
coordinate system is associated with each member ( or element) and is utilized in MEMBER END FORCE
output or local load specification. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 9 Conventional Cartesian Coordinate System This coordinate
system is a rectangular coordinate system ( X, Y , Z ) which follows the orthogonal right hand rule. This
coordinate system may be used to define the joint locations and loading directions. The translational
degrees of freedom are denoted by u1, u2, u3 and the rotational degrees of freedom are denoted by
u4,u5 & u6. Cylindrical Coordinate System In this coordinate system, the X and Y coordinates of the
conventional cartesian system are replaced by R (radius) and 0 (angle in degrees). The Z coordinate is
identical to the Z coordinate of the cartesian system and its positive direction is determined by the right
hand rule. Global Coordinate System The Right hand rule X Z Y Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 10 Reverse Cylindrical Coordinate System This is a cylindrical
type coordinate system where the R-O plane corresponds to the X-Z plane of the cartesian system. The
right hand rule is followed to determine the positive direction of the Y-axis. Local Coordinate System A
local coordinate system is associated with each member. Each axis of the local orthogonal coordinate
system is also based on the right hand rule.The right hand rule may be applied to obtain the positive
directions of the local y and z axes. The local y and z-axes coincide with the axes of the two principal
moments of inertia. Note that the local coordinate system is always rectangular. Local axis for different
cross-sections Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 11 Relationship Between Global & Local Coordinates Since the
input for member loads can be provided in the local and global coordinate system and the output for
member-end-forces is printed in the local coordinate system, it is important to know the relationship
between the local and global coordinate systems. This relationship is defined by an angle measured in
the following specified way. This angle will be defined as the beta (β) angle. Beta Angle When the local x-
axis is parallel to the global Y-axis, as in the case of a column in a structure, the beta angle is the angle
through which the local z-axis has been rotated about the local x-axis from a position of being parallel
and in the same positive direction of the global Z-axis. When the local x-axis is not parallel to the global
Y-axis, the beta angle is the angle through which the local coordinate system has been rotated about the
local x-axis from a position of having the local z-axis parallel to the global X-Z plane and the local y-axis in
the same positive direction as the global Y-axis. Figure below details the position for beta angles 0
degrees or 90 degrees. When providing member loads in the local member axis, it is helpful to refer to
this figure for a quick determination of the local axis system. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 12 Exercise Define the beta angle Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 13 Creating a New Structure STEP 1. To create new structure,
first click File menu then New STEP 2. A dialog box will appear as shown below to select type of
structure then click Next STEP 3. Select the unit for length and force. You may click Back if you wish to go
back to previous dialog box. STEP 4. Click Finish. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 14 Command Formats A. Free-Format Input All input to STAAD
Pro is in free-format style. Input data items should be separated by blank spaces or commas from the
other input data items. Quotation marks are never needed to separate any alphabetic words such as
data commands or titles. B. Commenting Input For documentation of a STAAD Pro data file, the facility
to provide comments is available. Comments can be included by providing an asterisk (*) mark as the
first non-blank character in any line. The line with the comment is "echoed" in the output file but not
processed by the program. Example: JOINT COORDINATES * coordinate of each node ( this is only a
comment line) 1 0 0 0 etc. C. Meaning of Underlining in the Manual Many words in the commands and
data may be abbreviated. The full word intended is given in the command description with the portion
actually required (the abbreviation ) underlined. For example, if the word MEMBER is used in a
command, only the portion MEMB need be input. It is clearer for others reading the output if the entire
word is used, but an experience user may desire to use the abbreviations. D. Meaning of Braces and
Parenthesis In some command formats, braces enclose a number of choices, which are arranged
vertically. One and only one of the choices can be selected. However, several of the listed choices may
be selected if an asterisk(*) mark is located outside the braces. Example: { X Y YZ XZ } In the above
example, the user must make a choice of XY or YZ or XZ. { FX FY FZ } * Example: Here the user can choose
one or all of the listing (FX, FY, FZ) in any order. Parentheses, ( ) , enclosing a portion of a command
indicate that the enclosed portion is optional. The presence or absence of this portion affects the
meaning of the command, as is explained in the description of the particular command. Example: PRINT
(MEMBER) FORCES PERFORM ANALYSIS (PRINT LOAD DATA) In the first line, the word MEMBER may be
omitted with no change of the meaning of the command. PRINT LOAD DATA these words can be
omitted, in which case the load data will not be printed Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 15 E. Multiple Data Separator Multiple data can be provided on a
single line, if they are separated by a semicolon (;) character. One restriction is that consecutive
commands can not be separated by a semicolon. They must appear on separate lines. Example:
MEMBER INCIDENCES 1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4 etc. INCORRECT PRINT FORCES; PRINT STRESSES In the above
case, only the PRINT FORCES comand is processed and the PRINT STRESSES is ignored F. Listing Data In
some STAAD command descriptions, the word "list" is used to identify a list of joints, members/
elements or loading cases. The format of a list can be defined as follows list = *{ i1 ,i2 ,i3 ,... i1 TO i2 (BY
i3 ) X orY or Z } TO means all integers from the list (i1 ) to the second (i2 ) inclusive. BY means that the
numbers are incremented by an amount equal to the third data item (i3 ). If BY i3 is omitted, the
increment will be set to one. Sometimes the list may be too long to fit on one line, in which case the list
may be continued to the next line by providing a hyphen preceded by a blank. Also note that only a list
may be continued and not only other type of data. Only lists may be continued to the next line by
ending the line with a blank and hyphen with few exceptions: Multilinear spring supports, Supports,
Master/Slave. Others have special types of continuations. Instead of a numerical list, the specification X
(or Y or Z) may be used. This specification will include all MEMBERs parallel to the global direction
specified. Note that this is not applicable to JOINTs or ELEMENTs. Do not use "ALL" unless the
documentation for a command specifially mentions ALL. EXAMPLE: 2 4 7 TO 13 BY 2 19 TO 22- 28 31 TO
33 FX 10.0 This list of items is the same as: 2 4 7 9 11 13 19 21 28 31 32 33 FX 10.0 POSSIBLE ERROR: 3 5
TO 9 11 15 - FX 10.0 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 16 Problem Initiation And Title Purpose This command initiates
the STAAD run, allows the user the specify the type of the structure and an optional title. General
format: { PLANE SPACE TRUSS} STAAD FLOOR (any title a1) Description Any STAAD input has to start with
the word STAAD. Following type specifications are available: PLANE = Plane frame structure SPACE =
Space frame structure TRUSS = Plane or space truss structure FLOOR = Floor structure a1= Any title for
the problem. This title will appear on the top of every output page. To include additional information in
the page header, use a comment line containing the pertinent information as the second line of input
Limits 1) Joint numbers: 1 to 999999 2) Number of Joints 100000* 3) Membe/Element numbers: 1 to
999999 4) Number of Members & Elements: 100000* 5) Load Case numbers: 1 to 99999 6) Number of
primary & combination cases 500 * Some STAAD copies are available with much smaller limits, please
check what limits you have purchased. Unit Specification Purpose This command allows the user to
specify or change length and force units for input and output. General format: { length-unit force-unit
UNIT } * length-unit= INCHES FEET or FT C M METE R MMS DME K M { } force-unit= KIP POU N D K G
MTON NEW TON KNS MNS DNS { } Note: DME denotes Decimeters. MNS denotes mega Newtons (1000
Newtons) and DNS denotes DecaNewtons (10 newtons). MTON denotes Metric Ton (1000 kilograms)
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 17 Input/Output Width Specification Purpose These commands
may be used to specify the width(s) of the lines of output file(s). General format: { INPUT
OUTPUT}WIDTH i1 For OUTPUT WIDTH, i 1 = 72 or 118 depending on narrow or wide output.
Description The user may specify the required input/output width, as required, using this command. For
INPUT width, 79 is always used. The program can create output using two different output widths - 72
(default) and 118. The 72-character width may be used for display on most CRT's and for printing on 8-
1/2" wide paper. The 118-character width may be used for printing on 11" wide paper. Joint Coordinates
Specification Purpose These commands allow the user to specify and generate the coordinates of the
JOINTs of the structure. The JOINT COORDINATES command initiates the specification of the coordi
nates. The REPEAT and REPEAT ALL command allow easy generation of coordinates using repetitive
patterns. General format: JOINT COORDINATES (CYLINDRICAL (REVERSE)) (NOCHECK) band-spec
i1,x1,y1,z1,(i2,x2,y2,z2,i3) REPEAT n,x1,y1,z1, (xi2,yi2,zi2,....,xin,yin,zin) REPEAT ALL n,x1,y1,z1,
(xi2,yi2,zi2,....,xin,yin,zin) band-spec = (NOREDUCE BAND) NOCHECK = Do not perform check for multiple
structures or orphan joints The command JOINT COORDINATES specifies a Cartesian Coordinate System.
Joints are defined using the global X, Y and Z coordinates. The command JOINT COORDINATES
CYLINDRICAL specifies a Cylindrical Coordinate System. Joints are defined using r, θ and z coordinates.
JOINT COORDINATES CYLINDRICAL REVERSE specifies a Reverse Cylindrical Coordinate system. Joints are
defined using r, θ and y coordinates. NOREDUCE BAND causes the program to execute without
performing a bandwidth reduction. The REPEAT command causes the previous line of input to be
repeated 'n' number of times with specified coordinate increments. The REPEAT ALL command functions
similar to the REPEAT command except that it repeats all previously specified input back to the most
recent REPEAT ALL command, or all joint data if no previous REPEAT ALL command has been given.
(When using the REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands, joint numbering must be consecutive and should
begin with 1). Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 18 * i 1 = The joint number for which the coordinate are
provided. Any integer number (five digit max.) is permitted. x1, y1 and z1 = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z for
cylindrical or R, Y & θ for cylindrical reverse) coordinates of the joint. For PLANE analyses z1 is an
optional data item when defining input for individual joints. z1 is always required for joint generation.
The following are used only if joints are to be generated. * i 2 = The second joint number to which the
joint coordinates are generated. x2, y2 and z2 = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z for cylindrical or R, Y & θ for cylindrical
reverse) coordinates of the joint i 2. i 3 = Joint number increment by which the generated joints will be
incremented. Defaults to 1 if left out. n = Number of times repeat is to be carried out. Note that "n"
cannot exceed 98 in any one single REPEAT command xik, yik and zik = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z [R, Y & θ ] )
coordinates increments of the k th repeat. The X, Y and Z (R, θ & Z [R, Y & θ ] ) coordinates will be
equally spaced between i1 and i2 . * Note that the REPEAT command uses the highest joint number
entered so far plus one for the intermediate generated joint numbers. EXAMPLE 1 23 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 13
14 15 6 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6.00 6.00 member number joint no. element no. n = JOINT NO. n = MEMBER NO. n = ELEMENT NO. 0,0,0
Z X Note: Member - columns, beams, girders Element - slabs, retaining walls Ground Floor, Carpark
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 19 STAAD SPACE Sample joint coordinates INPUT WIDTH 72
UNIT METER KNS JOINT COORDINATES * jt no. x y z 1 000 2 400 3 800 4 12 0 0 5 16 0 0 6 006 7 406
.......... STA SPA Sample joint coordinates INP WID 72 UNI MET KNS JOI COO 1 0 0 0; 2 4 0 0; 3 8 0 0 4 12 0
0; 5 16 0 0; 6 0 0 6 7 4 0 6; ...... EXERCISE: Define the joint coordinates of the structure below. or it could
rewrite as: JOINT COORDINATES 1 0 0 0 5 16 0 0 REPEAT 2 0 0 6 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 20 STEP 1. Assign joint number for every joint 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 13
14 15 16 7 8 9 10 17 18 19 20 11 STEP 2. Create a new structure from File menu. or click the equivalent
icon Specify type of structure, and units STEP 3. Save the structure file first before you invoke the
Command file editor. STEP 4. You can now click Editor icon. STEP 5. Type in the joint coordinates. STAAD
TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSS START JOB INFORMATION ENGINEER DATE 10-May-01 END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79 UNIT METER KN JOINT COORDINATES 1 0 0 0; 2 1.5 0.4 0; 3 3 0.8 0; 4 4.5 1.2 0; 5 6 1.6
0; 6 7.5 2 0; 7 9 1.6 0; 8 10.5 1.2 0; 9 12 0.8 0; 10 13.5 0.4 0; 11 15 0 0; 12 1.5 0 0; 13 3 0 0; 14 4.5 0 0; 15
6 0 0; 16 7.5 0 0; 17 9 0 0; 18 10.5 0 0; 19 12 0 0; 20 13.5 0 0 FINISH STEP 6. Save the input file then exit.
(back to graphical environment) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 21 DEFINING JOINT NODE USING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
Steps: 1. Create a new structure. 2. Click Snap/Node Beam icon Note: You may change the view for a
better view(top view). 15 m @ 1.5 spacing(15/1.5=10) 1.5m 2.0m@0.4spacing=(2/0.4=5) 0.40 0.40 0.40
0.40 0.40 3. Define the parameters in Snap Node Beam window under Construction line Spacing m
X(Left =0 Right=10) 1.5 Y(Left = 0 Right=5 ) 0.4 Snap Node Beam is pressed 4. You can now start defining
the node by pressing the left button of your mouse. Start @ node #1 up to 11. Once you are at node 11
pick node #1. Click Undo to undo the last node. Click again node 1 then continue defining up to node
#20. Make sure that before you select again node 1, Snap to existing nodes too is selected. 5. Save your
File(TRUSS). Note: To display node number & node points. Press right click then select Labels... Ground
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 22 Editing the Node Geometry You can edit the coordinate of
each node, By displaying node coordinates. Step: Click Geometry under Page Control. On the right side
of the screen, a window will display for node coordinates. You can edit the coordinate of each node by
selecting the node number you want to edit. You can also use the window to verify the to where the
node is located by selecting the node no. on the node window and the program will highlight the node
on the graphical window. Editing the node coodinates using Command Editor. Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 23 Purpose This set of commands is used to specify MEMBERs by
defining connectivity between JOINTs. REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands are available to facilitate
generation of repetitive patterns. The member/element incidences must be defined such that the model
developed represents one single structure only, not two or more separate structures. STAAD is capable
of detecting multiple structures automatically. General format: MEMBER INCIDENCES i 1,i2, i3,(i4, i5,i6)
REPEAT n, mi , ji REPEAT ALL n, mi , ji Member Incidences Specification Description The REPEAT
command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n' number of times with specified member
and joint increments. The REPEAT ALL command functions similar to the REPEAT command except that
it repeats all previously specified input back to the most recent REPEAT ALL command or to the
beginning of the specification. (When using REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands, member number ing
must be consecutive) i 1 = Member number for which incidences are provided. Any integer number
(maximum six digits ) is permitted i 2 = Start joint number. i 3 = End joint number. The following data are
used for member generation only. i 4 = Second member number to which members will be generated i 5
= Member number increment for generation i 6 = Joint number increment which will be added to the
incident joints. (i5 and i6 will default to 1 if left out) n = Number of times repeat is to be carried out mi =
Member number increment ji = Joint number increment. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 24 1 23 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 6 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 member number starting joint 0,0,0 Z X
Example 1 MEMBER INCIDENCES * MEMB. ST. END * NO. JT. JT. 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 9 8
9 10 9 11 12 10 12 13 11 13 14 12 14 15 13 1 6 ....... 22 10 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 13 14 15 16 7 8 9 10 17 18 19
20 11 1 starting joint ending joint MEMBER NO. EXERCISE: Define the members of the previous exercise.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 20 21 13 22 14 23 15 24 16 25 17 26 18 27 11 12 19
ending joint Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 25 STEP 1. Open your file with node coordinates(TRUSS) STEP 2.
Click STAAD Editor icon. STEP 3. Include the MEMBER INCIDENCES in the editor. STAAD TRUSS DESIGN
OF TRUSS START JOB INFORMATION ENGINEER DATE ... END JOB INFORMATION INPUT WIDTH 79 UNIT
METER KN JOINT COORDINATES ..... MEMBER INCIDENCES 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9
9 10 10 10 11 11 2 12 12 3 13 13 4 14 14 5 15 15 6 16 16 7 17 17 8 18 18 9 19 19 10 20 20 2 13 21 3 14
22 4 15 23 5 16 24 7 16 25 8 17 26 9 18 27 10 19 28 1 12 29 12 13 30 13 14 31 14 15 32 15 16 33 16 17
34 17 18 35 18 19 36 19 20 37 20 11 FINISH STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSS START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE ... END JOB INFORMATION INPUT WIDTH 79 UNIT METER KN JOINT COORDINATES .....
MEMBER INCIDENCES 1 1 2 10 1 1 joint number increment member no. increment member no 11 2 12
19 1 1 can be omitted 20 2 13 23 1 1 24 7 16 27 1 1 28 1 12 29 12 13 36 1 1 37 20 11 FINISH
ALTERNATIVE: Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 26 Creating Geometry using Library STEP 1. Create new structure
file. STEP 2. Click Geometry (menu) then Run Structure Wizard. STEP 3. Click the plus(+) beside
Prototype Models to collapse the options STEP 4. Click the plus(+) beside Trusses to collapse the options
STEP 5. Double click the name of the truss you want to create. (HOWE ROOF) PRATT HOWE BRIDGE
HOWE ROOF LATTICE WARREN NORTH LIGHT Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 27 STEP 5. Before you define the parameter, you may change
the unit of input (i.e. meter). Click File (menu), then Select unit option. After parameter has been
defined click OK to tranfers the geometry to the STAAD Pro. 1st bay along width 2nd 3rd width length
height Length = 15 No. of bays along length = 10 Height = 2 Width = 0 No. of bays along width = 0 note:
unit (meter) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 28 EXERCISE Create a model for the structure below. STEP 1.
Create new structure file then Save. STEP 2. Define preliminary joints. Use Command File editor. Click
editor icon. 1 2 3 4 5 STAAD TRUSS START JOB INFORMATION ENGINEER DATE 22-May-01 END JOB
INFORMATION INPUT WIDTH 79 UNIT METER KN JOINT COORDINATES 1 0 0 0; 2 0 .4 0 ; 3 3.5 1.5 0 4 7 .4
0; 5 7 0 0 FINISH Note: Save your input file. STEP 3. Click Add beam icon. Once the beam pointer is
displayed, you can start clicking the node in sequence you want. STEP 4. Click Insert node icon. click this
member Click the member you want to add node. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 29 starting joint ending joint OPTIONS: - to insert node from
starting joint with specific distance Example starting joint joint to be ending joint added 1.5m Step 1.
Type in the distance you need in Distance box. (Note: Reference pt. is always at the starting joint) 2.
After defining the distance, click the Add New Point button. Note: You can repeat the procedure to
insert more nodes. - to insert node at the middle of the entire length of the selected member,thus,
creating two equal length of segment Example starting joint ending joint joint to be added L/2 L/2 L
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 30 - to insert nodes with equal distance Example starting joint
ending joint joints to be added 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1. Define the distance STEPS: 2. Specify the no. of
nodes to be added 3. Click the Add n Points button Note: Follow the same procedure as mentioned in
the previous pages to complete the model. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 31 Importing Geometry from CAD Software In AutoCAD, apply
the command DXFOUT, then define a filename. 1. In STAAD, click File(top menu), select Import option 2.
Select the type of file format (3D DXF), then click Import 4. Choose the Structure Convention then OK. 3.
Select the file, then click Open Note: Convention of axis in STAAD is different from the other
program(i.e. AUTOCAD) X Y Z X Z Y AUTOCAD STAAD Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 32 Editing of Model Geometry ERASE - to delete node or
member Steps: 1. Select the member/node you want to delete. 1.1 Use node cursor to select the node.
1.2 Use geometry cursor to select the member. Note: You can even select the member/node by applying
window selection. 2. After selecting node/member, you may press Delete key or click Cut icon. COPY
Translational Repeat -allows you to copy (or repeat) the entire structure or a portion of the structure in
a linear direction. You may generate one or several copies of the selected structure. Steps: 1. Select the
members you want to copy. 2. Click the Translational repeat or click Geometry(menu) 3. Specify the
parameter in the dialog box then click ok. a b Result: B A Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 33 Options: Result: Global Direction Choose any one of the three
possible global directions along which the structure should be copied. No of Steps Specify the number of
copies you want. Default Step Spacing Type the default spacing between steps (or copies) in the edit box
in current length units. Step Spacing table This table consists of two columns: Step and Spacing. You may
change the spacing of any step in this table. Link Steps/ Open Base If you want to automatically connect
the Steps or copies by new members, along the specified global directions, check the Link Steps check
box. To avoid joining the base Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 34 MIRROR - allows you to copy or move the entire structure or
a portion of it by “mirroring” about any plane parallel to one of the three global Cartesian planes.
Example: Result: Steps: 1. Select the members you want to duplicate. 2. Define the parameters in the
dialog box. Options: Mirror Plane Direction Choose one of the three global planes to mirror the selected
geometry about. Distance to Origin Provide the normal distance of the plane of reflection from the
origin. Generate Mode Select either the Copy or Move radio button. The Copy option generates new
geometry, and the Move option changes the coordinates of the selected geometry. Ground Floor,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 35 Break All (Geometry -top menu) This option allows you to
break intersecting members, creating a new node at the intersection. Note: When you choose the Break
All menu item after selecting part or all geometry, members are split and nodes are inserted where
members cross. The original members are split with automatic generation of node and member
numbers, member properties and loads. Step: 1. Select the geometry. 2. Click Geometry(top menu),
click Break All option. A B node added after BREAK ALL command RENUMBER (top menu) The Renumber
menu item allows you to renumber selected nodes, members or elements starting with a specified
number. * Node Geometry | Renumber | Nodes… is used to renumber selected nodes, starting with a
specified node number. * Beam Geometry | Renumber | Members… is used to renumber selected
beams, starting with a speci fied beam number. * Plates Geometry | Renumber | Plates… is used to
renumber selected plate elements, starting with a specified plate element number. * Solids Geometry |
Renumber | Solids… is used to renumber selected solid elements, starting with a specified solid element
number. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 36 The Zoom menu
option offers a set of sub-menu options as shown below Zoom Window The Zoom window option allows
you to enlarge portion of the structure, chosen by window selection. The selected portion now fills the
entire view window. The basic difference between Zoom Window and Dynamic Zoom is that the latter
portion creates a new view window, while the Zoom Window option displays the selected portion in the
same window. Zoom Factor The Zoom Factor option allows you to magnify or reduce the current view
by a factor, which is provided in the Enter Factor spin box as shown below. Enter a factor greater than 1
to magnify, enter a fraction less than 1 to reduce. Zoom In The Zoom In option magnifies or enlarges the
structure view by a pre-defined factor. Zoom Out The Zoom Out option reduces or shrinks the structure
view by a pre-defined factor. Zoom All The Zoom All option displays the entire structure in the current
view window. Dynamic Zoom The Dynamic Zoom allows you to enlarge a portion of the structure chosen
by window selection. The selected portion appears in a new view window. Previous The Previous option
allows you to restore to the view associated with the previous zoom factor. View | Zoom DISPLAY
OPTIONS Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 37 View | Pan This option
allows you to pan (slide or shift) the structure in the current view window in any direction. Description:
When you select this menu option, a hand cursor appears. Click the left mouse button and drag the
structure to a new position in the view window. Release the mouse to finish. Click on this menu option
again to cancel the Pan mode. View | View Selected Objects Only The purpose of this optin is to view
only the selected members and elements and hide the rest of the structure. Description: Before you
select this menu option, select the members, plates and solids you want to view. You may need t select
the appropriate cursor using the Select menu for selecting the structural elements. Next Click on this
menu item. Only the highlighted objects are now displayed in the view window. 1. Click Point A & B B A
2. Click View(menu)|View Selected objects 3. To restore the entrire view of the structure. click
View(menu)|View Selected objects again. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 38 View | Tables This
option allows you to display and close different tables, such as Node coordinates, Beam incideneces,
Node displacements, etc. Description: When you select this menu option, the following dialog box
appears: Tables Check the associated boxes for the tables you want to display. For the currently
displayed tables, the boxes would automatically checked. To close a table, leave the associated box
blank. List These check boxes control which tables are displayed in the Tables list. To display the list of
available input related tables, check Analysis Input box. To display the output related tables, check the
Analysis Results box. Example of Table(Node) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 39 View | Whole
Structure This option allows you to create a new view window containing the entire structure.
Description: When you click on this option, the program opens a new view window showing the whole
structure. Multiple view windows of the same structure may be created for displaying different portions
of the model or for verifying post-analysis results. View | Orientation The purpose of this option is to
modify the view orientation of the structure, such as Plan view, Elevation view, Perspective view
Description: When you click on this option, the following dialog box appears. Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 40 Isometric This option
allows you to display the structure in default isometric view (with 70 degree Elevation angle and 330
degree Rotation Angle). Isometric (Side View) Isometric (Front View) Isometric (Plan View) Perspectives
This option allows you to display the perspective view of the structure. The viewing distance and angles
can be changed by changing one of the three options - Distance to Structure, Elevation Angle, Rotation
Angle. Isometric (3D View) Distance to Structure This value indicates the distance of the eye (or camera)
from the structure in the perspective view. You may enter this value or use the spin control to increase
or decrease the current value. Elevation Angle This value indicates the rotation angle of the eye about
an axis, which is lying horizontal on the screen and passing through the center of the screen. You may
enter this value or use the spin control to increase or decrease the current value.s Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 41 Rotation Angle This
value indicates the rotational angle of the eye about an axis, which is lying vertical on the screen and
passing through the center of the screen. You may enter this value or use the spin control to increase or
decrease the current value. Default Orientation To The orientation of the structure may be set to a view
defined by one of these four options. Apply Immediately Any changes made through the Orientation
dialog box may be immediately reflected in the current view by checking this box. Restore Use this
button for restoring the original view. Apply Use this button for applying the view orientation data in the
current view. View | Structure Diagram This option allows you to customize the view of the structure by
setting different view-related parameters. Description: When you click on this option, the following
dialog box appears: Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 42 Structure The
Structure tab page allows you to set up structural view parameters as explained below: 3D Sections The
buttons in this group control how the members are displayed. None Displays the structure without
considering the cross-sectional properties of the members and elements Full Sections Displays the 3D
cross-sections of members, depending on the member properties Sections Outline Displays only the
outline of the cross-sections of members View The check box in this group allow additional view-related
operations on the structure. Fill Plates/Solids Fills up the plate and solid elements, if present Hide
Plates/Solids Hides all plate and solid elements from the view Hide Structure Hides the entire structure
from view. This option may be used to switch off the original structure view while displaying the
deflected shape of the structure or the module shapes. Show Center Lines Diplays the centerlines of the
members Shrink Displays the individual structural elements detached from each other and helps to view
their connec tivity. The individual members are not drawn to full length or full width but shrunk by a
percentage provided in the associated edit box. Perspective Change current view to perspective Margin
around Structure Represents the blank margin around the structure in percentage of the total view
window. This option has the same effect as Zoom-in or Zoom-out Loads and Results The Loads and
Results tab, allows you to select the Load Case and the associated analysis results for viewing. Ground
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 43 Load Case Allows you
to select the load case number for which the results would be displayed. Loads Allows you to display and
change the color of applied loads (Direct or Moment) on the structure for the selected Load Case. Beam
Forces Allows you to display different end forces on the structure for the selected Load Case. Also offers
control of the color of these force diagrams. Deflection Allows you to display and change the color of the
displacement diagram. Mode Shape Allows you to display and change the color of the mode shape
diagram and select Mode Shape number. Scales The Scales tab, allows you to specify the scales for
plotting the different diagrams as shown below. Note: a larger scale number causes the diagram to
shrink and a smaller scale number enlarges the diagram. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 44 Labels The Labels tab,
allows you to select various display labels for different components of the structure. Nodes The Node
Numbers option displays the node numbers on screen. The Node Points option identifies the nodes with
a small circle. The Supports option displays the support icons at the nodes. The Dimension option
displays the member lengths in current units Properties The References option displays the Property Tag
number of the member/element properties. Sections displays the section name (such as W12x26). None
removes the display of property information. General If loads are displayed in the view window (see
Results tab in the same dialog box), Load Values displays the values of the loads on screen. The Axes
option displays the axis icon at the left bottom corner of the view window. The Material option displays
the name of any material assigned using the General | Material page Beam The Beam Numbers option
displays the member numbers on the frame members. Beam Orientation displays an icon showing the
local axis of the members. The arrow indicates the positive direction of the local x-axis. The local y-axis is
in the direction of the thicker flange. Please note that the I symbol is used regardless of the actual
section type. The Beam Spec option displays beam specifications which have been assigned, such as
truss and tension only members. The Releases option displays the member releases. Plates The Plate
Numbers option displays the plate element numbers. The Plate Orientation option displays the local axis
system for plates. Solids Solid Numbers option displays the solid element numbers. Ground Floor,
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 45 Force Limits The Force
Limits tab, allows you to identify the members having the force values lying inside or outside the
specified ranges. Load Case Select the Load Case for which you want to display the diagram. Forces
Select the force type from the list of available options, such as Axial, Shear YY, Bending ZZ, etc. Provide
the range in the associated edit box under Minimum and Maximum. View Limits The buttons under this
group determine which members are going to be highlighted. The Exceed Either option highlights any
member whose forces exceed either the Maximum or the Minimum values. Exceed Maximum option
highlights only the members whose forces exceed the Maximum values. Exceed Minimum option
highlights only the members whose forces exceed the Minimum values. Color Within Limit Allows you to
change the color and width of the force diagram when the forces fall within the view limits. Color
Outside Limit Allows you to change the color and width of the force diagram when the forces fall outside
the view limits. Design Results The Design Results tab, allows you to display code check and steel design
information on the structure. Click the Active check box to display steel design and code check diagram
on the structure. Type Ratio values in the edit boxes to define Safe, Failure and Extreme Failure. Click
the Show Values check box to display the failure ratios. Color Allows you to display and change the color
of represented by Not Designed, Safe, Fail and Extreme Fail on the structure diagram. Ground Floor,
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 46 Plate Stress Contour
The Plate Stress Contour tab, appears only if Plates are present. This tab allows you to display stress
contours for plates for different types of stresses. Load Case Select the Load Case for which the stress is
to be displayed. Stress Type Select the Stress Type from the drop down list. Once you select these, the
Maximum and the Minimum values of that stress under the selected load case are displayed. Contour
Type The Normal and Enhanced buttons indicate how the Stress Contour is drawn. The Normal contour
option uses the stress points at each corner of the plate along with the center stress to calculate the
contour. The Enhanced contour option uses the same points as the Normal contour plus the
interpolated stress at the mid-point of the edges. The second option takes more time to generate but is
more accurate. The No. of values option determines how may increments would be used to plot the
stress contour. Options The Absolute Values option causes the stress values to be compared based on
the absolute values, rather than algebraic values. If this option is checked, the stress values of +10 units
and -10 units will be in the same range. The View Stress Index option displays the legends of the colors
with stress values at the side of the screen. Directions for Global Stress Up Using this drop down list, the
user may select the global axis that is normal to the plane of the plates. The ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’ are meant to
specify the surface of the plate which is on the ‘+ve’ or ‘-ve’ side of the global plane. For example, ‘Y +ve’
indicates that the user wishes to obtain the mo ment for those plates whose surface is parallel to and
along the positive side of the global X-Z plane. Hence, if a plate has its local Z axis along the negative
global Y direction, choosing ‘Y +ve’ will fetch the moment on the local bottom surface of the element.
Result Dir This is the global axis about which the local axis moments MX, MY and MXY must be
transformed into. So, if one sets the ‘Result Dir’ to ‘Z’ and ‘Up’ to ‘X +ve’, the program does the
following: a) Selects plates, which are parallel to the global Y-Z plane. b) For each plate, selects the
surface, which is on the +ve side of the global Y-Z plane. c) For each plate, selects the local axis moments
MX and MY and MXY on the surface described in (b) d) Transforms the moments described in (c) into a
value along the global Z axis and plots it. Changing the ‘Up’ value between ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’ X will show the
global Z moment on either side of the plates. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 47 Solid Stress Contour
The Solid Stress Contour tab, appears only if Solids are present. This tab allows you to display stress
contours for solids for different types of stresses. For explanation of the items, please refer to the Plate
Stress Contour item explained above. Animation The Animation tab, allows you to display an animated
view of the structure. To stop viewing an animation, choose No Animation in the Diagram Type, or press
the Escape on the keyboard. Diagram Type Select the animation of Deflection, Section Displacement,
Mode or Stress. Animation Setup Full Screen displays the animation in the full monitor screen rather
than in a window. This option may use less memory than displaying the animation in a large window.
Extra Frames Select the number of Extra Frames above the minimum needed to enhance the animation
if it appears choppy. Target FPS Choose the Target FPS (frames per second)to control the animation
speed. To speed up an animation, show more frames per second. To slow down an animation, show
fewer frames per second. Use Metafiles for offscreen data Click the Use Metafiles for offscreen data to
save the animated screens as WindowsMetafiles. Speed may be slower if this option is used. Ground
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com STAAD Pro Page 48 Design Result The
Design Results tab, allows you to display code check and steel design information on the structure.
Diagram Click the Active check box to display steel design and code check diagram on the structure.
Type Ratio values in the edit boxes to define Safe, Failure and Extreme Failure. Click the Show Values
check box to display the failure ratios. Color Allows you to display and change the color of represented
by Not Designed, Safe, Fail and Extreme Fail on the structure diagram. View | Set Colors The purpose of
this menu option is to specify colors of different items. View | Refresh Choose View | Refresh to update
the structure diagram to reflect changes such as merged members, split members. etc. Ground Floor,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 49 Listing of Members by Specification of GROUPS This
command allows the user to specify a group of members/joints and save the information using a 'group-
name'. The 'group-name' may be subsequently used in the input file instead of a member/joint list to
specify other attributes. This extremely useful feature allows avoiding of multiple specifications of the
same member/joint list. General Format: START GROUP DEFINITION (GEOMETRY) (group-name)
member/element/solid-list ........ (default) OR JOINT _(group-name) joint-list ........ MEMBER _(group-
name) member-list ........ ELEMENT _(group-name) element-list ........ SOLID _(group-name) solid
element-list ........ END GROUP DEFINITION where, group-name = an alphanumeric name specified by the
user to identify the group. The group-name must start with the '_'(underscore) character and is limited
to eight characters. member-list/ joint list = the list of member/joints belonging to the group. NOTES 1.
The GROUP definition must start with the START GROUP DEFINITION command and end with the END
command. 2. More than one GROUP name may be specified within the same definition specifica tion. 3.
The words, JOINT, MEMBER, ELEMENT and SOLID may be provided if the user wishes to identify the
group name lists with those specific items. However, if the group name and list is merely a means of
grouping together more than one type of structural component under a single heading, the word
GEOMETRY may be provided. In the absence of any those five words (GEOMETRY, JOINT, MEMBER,
ELEMENT or SOLID), the list is assumed to be that for GEOMETRY. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 50 START GROUP DEFINITION _TRUSS 1 TO 20 25 35 _BEAM 40
TO 50 END MEMBER PROPERTIES _TRUSS TA LD L40304 _BEAM TA ST W12X26 EXAMPLES START GROUP
DEFINITION JOINT _TAGA 1 TO 10 MEMBER _TAGAB 40 TO 50 GEOMETRY _TAGC 101 TO 135 END
MEMBER PROPERTIES _TAGB TA LD L40304 _TAGC TA ST W12X26 STEP: 1.Click Tools(menu), select
Create New Group option or you can press letter G while Ctrl key is pressed. 1.Click Create. then type a
name and select whether for node or element or geometry 2. Click OK to accept the name & type.
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 51 2. Select the geometry you want to associate with the name
you specified. 3. Click button. OPTIONS: - to delete a group name STEP: Select the group name from the
list then click Delete - to highlight the members or nodes or elements that is associated to the group
name. STEP: Select the group name from the list then click Highlight. Example: ASSIGN METHODS
ASSOCIATE TO VIEW - to associate the group name specified to the current view. ASSOCIATE TO
SELECTED GEOMETRY - to associate the group name to the selected members or node or element.
ASSOCIATE TO LIST - to associate the group name to member specified in the list box. Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 52 ELEMENT INCIDENCE SPECIFICATION This set of commands is
used to specify ELEMENTs by defining the connectivity between JOINTs. REPEAT and REPEAT ALL
commands are available to facilitate generation of repetitive patterns. The element incidences must be
defined such that the model developed represents one single structure only, not two or more separate
structures. STAAD is capable of detecting multiple structures automatically. General Format ELEMENT
INCIDENCES (SHELL) i 1, i2, i3, i4 (i5) (TO i6, i7, i8) REPEAT n, ei ,ji REPEAT ALL n, ei ,ji Description
ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL must be provided immediately after MEMBER INCIDENCES (if any) are
specified. The REPEAT command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n' number of times
with specified element and joint increments. The REPEAT ALL command functions similar to the REPEAT
command, except that it repeats all previously specified input back to the most recent REPEAT ALL
command; or to the beginning of the specified if no previous REPEAT ALL command had been issued. i 1
= Element number (any number up to six digits). If MEMBER INCIDENCE is provided, this number must
not coincide with any MEMBER number. i 2...i5 = Clockwise or counterclockwise joint numbers which
represent the element connec tivity. Note that i5 is not needed for triangular (3 noded) elements. The
following data is needed if elements are to be generated: i 6 = Last element number to which elements
are generated i 7 = Element number increment by which elements are generated. Defaults to 1 if
omitted i 8 = Joint number increment which will be added to incident joins. Defaults to 1 if omitted. The
following data is needed if REPEAT or REPEAT ALL command are used to generate elements n = Number
of times repeat is to be carried out. ei = Element number increment. ji = Joint number increment.
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 53 Notes: The PRINT ELEMENT INFO command may be used to
verify the element incidences provided or generated by REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands. ELEMENT
NUMBERING During the generation of element stiffness matrix, the program verifies whether the
element is same as the previous one or not. If it is same, repetitive calculations are not performed. The
sequence in which the element stiffness matrix is generated is the same as the sequence in which
elements are input in element incedences. Therefore, to save some computing time, similar elements
should be numbered sequentially. However, the user has to decide between adopting a numbering
system which reduces the computation time versus a numbering system which increases the ease of
defining the structure geometry. 1 2 34 567 8 1 3 57 2468 Efficient Element numbering Inefficient
Element numbering Incorrect numbering j k i l l k i j clockwise counter-clockwise k l i j j l i k (3 noded
plate) or i j k Steps: 1. Click the icon (4 noded plate) or 2. Click the nodes of the plate you want to create.
Correct numbering (4 noded cursor) (3 noded cursor) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 54 DESIGN OPERATIONS STAAD contains a broad set of facilities
for designing structural members as individual components of an analyzed structure. The member
design facilities provide the user with the ability to carry out a number of different design operations.
These facilities may be used selectively in accordance with the requirements of the design problem. The
operations to perform a design are: Specify the members and the load cases to be considered in the
design. Specify whether to perform code checking or member selection. Specify design parameter
values, if different from the default values. These operations may be repeated by the user any number
of times depending upon the design requirements. Steel Design may be performed based on the
following codes: AISC-ASD, AISC-LRFD and ASSHTO. Built-in Steel Section Library AISC Steel Table Almost
all AISC steel shapes are available for input. Following are the description of all types of section available
Wide Flange (W shapes) All wide flange sections as listed in AISC/LFRD-89 are availble the way they are
written, e.g. W10X49, W21X50, etc. Example: 20 TO 30 TA ST W10X49 33 36 TA ST W18X86 C, MC, S, M,
HP Shapes The above shapes are available as listed in AISC (9th Edition) without decimal points. For
example, C8X11.5 will be input as C8X11 and S15X42.9 will be input as S15X42, omitting the decimal
weights. (Exception MC6X151 for MC6X15.1 and MC6X153 for MC6X15.3) Example: 10 TO 20 BY 2 TA ST
C15X40 1 2 TA ST MC8X20 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 55 Double Channels Back to back double channels, with or
without spacing between them, are available. The letter D is front of the section name will specify a
double channel. Example: 21 22 24 TA D MC9X25 55 TO 60 TA D C8X18 Angles Angle specifications in
STAAD are different from those in AISC manual. The following example illustrates angle specifications.
Example: L 40 35 6 = L 4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 Thickness is 1/16th inch 10 times length of other leg in inch Angle
symbol 10 times length of one leg in inch Similarly, L505010 = L 5 x 5 x 5/8 and L904016 = L 9 x 4 x 1 At
present, there are two ways to define the local y and z-axes for an angle section. To make the transition
from the AISC Manual to the program data easy, the standard section for an angle is specified: 51 52 53
TA ST L40356 This specification has the local z-axis (i.e., the minor axis) corresponding to the Z-Z axis
specified in the steel tables. Many engineer are familiar with a convention used by some other programs
in which the local y-axis is the minor axis. STAAD provides for this convention by accepting the
command: 54 55 56 TA RA L40356 (RA denotes reverse angle) Double Angles Short leg back to back or
long leg back to back double angles can be specified by inputting the word SD or LD, respectively, in
front of the angle size. In case of an equal angle either LD or SD will serve the purpose. Example: 14 TO
20 TA LD L35304 SP 0.5 (Long leg back to back L 3-1/2 x 3 x 1/4 with .5 space) 23 27 TA SD L904012
(Short leg back to back L 9 x 4 x 3/4) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 56 Tees Tees are not input by their names, as they are listed in
the AISC manual, but instead by designating the beam shapes (W and S) from which they are cut.
Example: 1 2 5 8 TA T W8X24 tee cut from W8X24 which is WT4X12 Pipes Two types of specifications
can be used for pipe sections. In general pipes may be input by their outer and inner diameters.
Example: 1 TO 9 TA ST PIPE OD 2.0 ID 1.875 will mean a pipe with O.D. of 2.0 and I.D. of 1.875 in current
units. Pipe sections listed in the AISC manual can be specified as follows. 5 TO 10 ST PIPX20 PIP X 20 Pipe
symbol Strength spec (denotes extra strong pipe of 2 in. dia.) 10 x Dia. in inches specify only portion
before decimal point (S=Standard, X=Extra-strong, D= Double extra-strong) Tubes Tubes from the AISC
tables can be specified as follows. 5 TO 10 TA ST TUB120808 TUB 120 80 8 Tube Symbol Height x 10 (in.)
Width x 10 (in.) Thickness in 1/16th in. Tubes, likes pipes, can be input by their dimensions (Height,
Width, and Thickness) as follows. 6 TA ST TUBE DT 8.0 WT 6.0 TH 0.5 is a tube that has a height of 8, a
width of 6, and a wall thickness of 0.5 Member Selection cannot be performed on tubes specified in the
latter way. Only code checking can be performed on these sections. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 57 Member Property Specification This set of commands may be
used for specification of section properties for frame members. General Format: MEMBER PROPERTIES {
AUSTRIALIAN CANADIAN EUROPIAN FRENCH INDIAN AMERICAN BRITISH GERMAN JAPANESE }
Description { TABLE type-spec table-name (additional-spec) PRISMATIC property-spec TAPERED
argument-list UPTABLE i1 section-name ASSIGN profile-spect } AMERICAN, BRITISH, EUROPEAN (etc.)
option will instruct the program to pick up properties from the appropriate steel table. The default
depends on the country of distribution. This command initiates the specification of MEMBER PROPERTY.
Following are the various options availble: a.) Specification from built-in steel table b.) Specification of
prismatic properties c.) Specification of tapered members d.) Specification from user provided table e.)
Specification by ASSIGNing a profile Welded Plate Girders Welded plate girders from the AISC manual
may be specified as follows. B 61 20 10 Built-up section symbol Nominal flange width (inches) Thickness
of flange in inches X 10 (Only use portion before decimal point) Nominal Depth in inches Ground Floor,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 58 Specifiying Properties from Steel Table Purpose The following
commands are used for specifying section properties from built-in steel table(s) General Format: type-
spec table-name additional-spec type-spec = { ST RA D LD SD T CM TC BC } ST specifies single section
from the standard built-in tables RA specifies single angle with reverse Y-Z axes D specifies double
channel LD specifies long leg, back to back, double angle SD specifies short leg, back to back, double
angle T specifies tee section cut from I shaped beams CM specifies composite section, available with I
shaped beams TC specifies beams with top cover plate BC specifies beams with bottom cover plate TB
specifies beams with top and bottom cover plate table-name = Table section name like W8X18, C15X33
etc. The documentation on steel design per individual country codes contains information regarding
their steel section specification also. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 59 additional-spec = { SP f1 WP f2 TH f3 WT f4 DT f5 OD f6 ID f7
CT f8 FC f9 } SP f1 = This set describes the spacing (f1 ) between angles or channels if double angles or
double channels are used. f1 defaults to 0.0 if not given WP f2 = Width (f2 ) of the cover plate if a cover
plate is used with I-shaped sections TH f3 = Thickness (f3) of plates or tubes WT f4 = Width (f4 ) of tubes,
where TUBE is the table-name DT f5 = Depth (f5 ) of tubes OD f6 = Outside diameter(f6 ) of pipes, where
PIPE is the table-name. ID f7 = Inside diameter (f7 ) of pipes CT f8 = Concrete thickness (f8 ) for
composite sections. FC f9 = Compressive strength (f9 ) of the concrete for composite sections Note: All
values f1-9 must be supplied in current units. Some important points to note in the case of the
composite section are: 1) The width of the concrete slab is assumed to be the width of the top flange of
the steel section+16 times the thickness of the slab. 2.) In order to calculate the section properties of the
cross-section, the modular ratio is calculated assuming that: Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel = 29000
Ksi. Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 1802.5 FC Ksi where FC (in Ksi) defined earlier. Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 60 Prismatic Property Specification Purpose The following
commands are used for specifying section properties for prismatic crosssection. General Format:
property-spec = For the PRISMATIC specification, properties are provided directly as follows: { AX f1 IX f2
IY f3 IZ f4 AY f5 AZ f6 YD f7 ZD f8 YB f9 ZB f10 } AX f1 = Cross sectional area of the member. If omitted,
the area is calculated from the YD and ZD dimensions IX f2 = Torsional constant. IY f3 = Moment of
inertia about local y-axis IZ f4 = Moment of inertia about local z-axis (usually major) AY f5 = Effective
shear area in local y-axis AZ f6 = Effective shear area in local z-axis YD f7 = Depth of the member in local
y direction. (Diameter of section for circular members) ZD f8 = Depth of the member in local z direction.
If ZD is not provided and YD is provided, the section wil be assumed to be circular. YB f9 = Depth of stem
for T-section. ZB f10 = Width of stem for T-section or bottom width for TRAPEZOIDAL section. Ground
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 61 Prismatic Tapered Tube Property Specification Purpose The
following commands are used to specify section properties for prismatic tapered tube cross-sections.
General Format: property-spec = { ROUND HEXDECAGONAL DODECAGONAL OCTAGONAL HEXAGONAL
SQUARE } STARD d1 END d2 THICK t START d1 = Depth of section at start of member. END d2 = Depth of
section at end of member. THICK t = Thickness of section (constant throughout the member length).
Example: UNIT INCHES MEMBER PROPERTIES 1 PRIS ROUND STA 10 END 8 THI 0.375 2 PRIS HDC STA 15
END 10 THI 0.375 3 PRIS DOD STA 12 END 12 THI 0.375 Tapered Member Specification Purpose The
following commands are used to specify section properties for tapered I-shapes. General Format:
argument-list = f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 (f6 f7) where, f1 = Depth of section at start node. f2 = Thickness of web. f3 =
Depth of section at end node. f4 = Width of top flange. f5 = Thickness of top flange f6 = Width of bottom
flange. Defaults to f4 if left out. f7 = Thickness of bottom flange. Defaults to f5 left out. EXAMPLE:
MEMBER PROPERTY 1 TO 5 TAPERED 13.98 0.285 13.98 6.745 .455 6.745 .455 Notes: 1. All dimensions
(f1 ,f2 ,...,f7 ) should be current units. 2. f1 (Depth of section at start node) should always be greater
than f3 (Depth of section at end node). The user should provide the member incidences accordingly.
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 62 bottom chord = 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 3/16" double angle = LD
L25253 top chord = 2 1/2" x 2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L25203 web member = 2" x 2" x 3/16" double
angle = LD L20203 STEPS: 1. You may click property page icon or click General / Property on Page Control
2. The Property window will appear as shown below. Click 3. Select the country. 4. Click Angle tab then
select the size and specify other parameters then click Add button. Example: Ground Floor, Carpark
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 63 5. Select the members. 6. Select Assign to Selected Beams
then Click 7. Click Beta Angle tab. Define the beta angle and Click Assign button. Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 64 Example for Prismatic Section Section of a: 0.30m 0.60m
Note: You may change first the Base Unit before you start assigning the property to reflect the correct
dimension. Steps: Close all files. Click File(top menu), choose Configure. Click Base Unit tab. Select the
desired unit. Click Accept button. 1. Click Commands(top menu)/Member Property/Prismatic or
property page icon or Click General / Property on Page Control. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 65 2. Click Define button. Click the tab for the desired shape. 3.
Define the size of the section , type of material then click Add button. 5. Select the members. 4. Select
the section from the list to be assigned to the member/s. Note: To select more members, hold down the
Ctrl key while selecting other members. 6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then Click Ground Floor,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 66 ELEMENT PROPERTY SPECIFICATION This set of commands
may be used to specify properties of plate finite elements. Unlike members and plate/shell elements, no
properties are required for solid elements. However, constants such as modulus of elasticity and
Poisson's ratio are to be specified. General Format ELEMENT PROPERTY element-list THICKNESS f1 (f2,
f3, f4 ) Description Elements of uniform or linearly varying thickness may be modeled using this
command. Note that the value of the thickness must be provided in the current units. Example UNIT
INCH ELEMENT PROPERTY 1 TO 8 14 16 TH 0.25 STEPS: 1. You may click property page icon or click
General / Property on Page Control 2. The Property window will appear as shown below. Click Ground
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 67 3. Type the thickness and select type of material then click
Add button. 4. You may change the view to select the members correctly. (Side View). Click Cut-section
icon. Select Window/Rubber band Click here(hold) release here 5. Click top view icon. Ground Floor,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 68 6. Click the Plate cursor icon. Once the plate cursor is
displayed, click in the plate element to select it. click here to select the plate element Note: To select
more members, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting other members. 7. Click Assign to Selected Beam
in Assign method then click Assign button. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 69 8. Click Cut section icon. Click Select View tab then click Show
All button to display the entire structure. 9. Click Isometric View icon. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 70 DEFINING OF LOADS SELFWEIGHT - This command may be
used to calculate and apply the SELFWEIGHT of the structure for analysis. General Format
SELFWEIGHT{X Y Z } This command is used if the selfweight of the structure is to be considered. The
selfweight of every active member is calculated and applied as a uniformly distributed member load. f1
X , Y & Z - represent the global direction in which the selfweight acts. f1 - factor to be used to multiply
the selfweight This command may also be used without any direction and factor specification. Thus, if
specified as "SELFWEIGHT", loads will be applied in the negative global Y direction with a factor of unity.
Note: Density must be provided for calculation of the selfweight. 1. Click General tab (page control) then
click Load (sub-page control) or use Pull-down menu. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 71 2. Define a primary load then click ok. 3.Click Selfweight.
4.Define the parameters then click Assign button. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 72 JOINT LOAD - This set of commands may be used to specify
JOINT loads on the structure. General Format JOINT LOAD joint-list = { FX f1 FY f2 FZ f3 MX f4 MY f5 MZ
f6 } FX , FY & FZ - specify a force in the corresponding global direction MX , MY & MZ - specify a moment
in the corresponding global direction. f1 , f2... f6 - are the values of the loads. Note: Joint numbers may
be repeated where loads are meant to be additive in the joint. UNIT command may be on lines in
between joint-list lines. MEMBER LOAD - This set of commands may be used to specify MEMBER loads
on frame members. member-list = { UNI or UMOM direction-spec f1, f2, f3, f4 CON or CMOM direction-
spec f5, f6, f4 LIN local-specf7, f8, f9 TRA direction-spec f10, f11, f12,f13 } General Format: direction-
spec = X Y Z GX GY GZ PX PY PZ { } local-spec = { } X Y Z Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 73 UNIFORM (UNI or UMCOM) - specifies a uniformly distributed
load or moment with a value of f1 , at a distance of f2 from the start of the member to the start of the
load, and a distance of f3 from the start of the member to the end of the load. The load is assumed to
cover the full member length if f2 and f3 are omitted. f1 Illustration: if f2 and f3 are omitted f4 -
Perpendicular distance from the member shear center to the plane of loading. The value is positive in
the general direction of the parallel (or close to parallel) local axis. f2 member length f3 f1 member
length Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 74 CONCENTRATED(CON or CMOM) - specifies a concentrated
force or moment with a value of f5 applied at a distance of f6 from the start of the member. f6 will
default to half the member length if omitted. Illustration: if f6 is omitted f5 f6 member length f5
member length half of member length Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 75 LINEARLY VARYING LOAD (UNI or UMCOM) - specifies a
linearly decreasing or increasing, or a triangular load. If the load is linearly increasing or decreasing then
f7 is the value at the start of the member and f8 is the value at the end. If the load is triangular, then f7
and f8 are input as zero and f9 is the value of the load in the middle of the member. Illustration: if f7 &
f8 is equal to zero Note: Load is acting on entire member f7 f8 member length member length half of
member length f9 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 76 TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD (TRAP) - specifies a trapezoidal linearly
varying load which that act over the full or partial length of the member and in a local, global or
projected direction. The starting load value is given by f10 , and the ending load value f11. The loading
location is given by f12, the loading starting point and f13, the stopping point. Both are measured from
the start of the member. If f12 and f13 are not given, the load is assumed to cover the full mem ber
length. Illustration: f10 f11 f12 f13 member length f10 f11 member length if f10 & f11 is equal to zero
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 77 EXERCISE -6 KN/M -4 KN -5 KN -6 KN/M -2 KN/M -2 KN/M 2m
5m 3m -5 KN/M 3m 3m 4m 3m 1 member 2 3 no. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 78 AREA LOAD / FLOOR LOAD These commands may be used to
specify AREA LOAD or FLOOR LOADs on a structure The AREA LOAD may be used for modeling one-way
distribution and the FLOOR LOAD may be used for modeling two-way distribution. General Format for
AREA LOAD AREA LOAD member-list ALOAD f1 f1 - The value of the area load (unit weight over square
length unit). This load always acts along the positive local y-axis. For the members of a FLOOR analysis,
this direction will coincide with global vertical axis in most cases. NOTE: Area load should not be
specified on members declared as MEMBER CABLE, MEMBER TRUSS or MEMBER TENSION. EXAMPLE:
AREA LOAD 2 4 TO 8 ALOAD -.250 12 16 ALOAD -.500 General Format for FLOOR LOAD FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE f1 f2 FLOAD f3 ( XRANGE f4 f5 ZRANGE f6 f7 ) f1 f2 - Global vertical coodinate values to specify
vertical range. The floor load will be calculated for all members lying in the global horizontal plane
within the specified global vertical range. f3 - The value of the floor load (unit weight over square length
unit). This load always acts parallel to the global vertical axis. A positive value signifies that the load is
acting the positive global Y-direction. A negative value indicates a load in the negative global Y direction.
f4- f7 - Global X and Z coordinate values to define the corner points of the area on w/c the specified
floor load (f3 ) acts. If not specified, the floor load will be calculated for all members in all floors w/in the
specified global vertical range. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 79 NOTE: 1) The structure has to be modeled in such away that
the global vertical axis remains perpendicular to the floor plane(s). 2) For the FLOOR LOAD specification,
a two-way distribution of the load is consid ered. For the AREA LOAD specification, a one-way action is
considered. 3) FLOOR LOAD from a slab is distributed on the adjoining members as trapezoidal and
triangular loads depending on the length of the sides as shown in the diagram. Internally, these loads
are converted to multiple point loads. 4) The load per unit area may not vary for a particular panel and it
is assumed to be continuous and without holes. 5) The FLOOR LOAD facility is not available if the SET Z
UP command is used. 6) If the floor has a shape consisting of a mixture of convex and concave edges,
then break up the floor load command into several parts, each for a certain region of the floor. This will
force the program to localize the search for panels and the solution will be better. The load distribution
pattern depends upon the shape of the panel. If the panel is Rectangular, the distribution will be
Trapezoidal and triangular as explained in the following diagram. X Z Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 80 For a panel that is not rectangular, the distribution is
described in following diagram First, the CG of the polygon is calculated. Then, each corner is connected
to the CG to form triangles as shown. For each triangle, a vertical line is drawn from the CG to the
opposite side. If the point of intersection of the vertical line and the side falls outside the triangle, the
area of that triangle will be calculated and an equivalent uniform distributed load will be applied on that
side. Otherwise a triangular load will be applied on the side. 1 2 3 4 5 Triangular Triangular Triangular
Triangular U D L EXAMPLE 11' 10' 6' 10' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X Z 1 2 7 8 3 9 10 4 5 6 member no. joint no. Let us
consider the following floor plan at y =12'. If the entire floor has a load of 0.25 (force/unit area), then
the input will be as follows: ... LOAD 2 FLOOR LOAD YRA 12.0 12.0 FLOAD -0.25 A C B If in the above
example, panel A has a load of 0.25 and panel B and C have a load 0.5, then the input will be as follows:
Note the usage of XRANGE , YRANGE and ZRANGE specifications. ... LOAD 2 FLOOR LOAD YRA 11.9 12.1
FLOAD -0.25 XRA 0.0 11.0 ZRA 0.0 16.0 YRA 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -.50 XRA 11.0 21.0 ZRA 0.0 16.0 LOAD 3 ...
The program internally identifies the panels (shown as A, B & C in the fig.). The floor loads are
distributed as trapezoidal and triangular loads as shown by dotted lines in the figure. The negative sign
for the load signifies that it is applied in the downward global Y direction. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 81 DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS DATA Design of Steel Truss = 6.0 m
O.C. LOADS a. DEAD LOAD Metal Roofing = 0.10 KPa Purlins = 0.10 KPa Ceiling & Utilities = 0.40 KPa b.
LIVE LOAD Roof Live Load = 1.0 KPa c. WIND LOAD @ Windward Side P = Ce C q Qs I =
0.89(0.30)(1.5)(1.0) = 0.40 KPa x 6.0m = 2.4 KN/m @ Leeward Side P = 0.89(0.70)(1.5)(1.0) = 0.93 KPa x
6.0m = 2.58 KN/m d. MEMBER PROPERTIES Top chord = 2 1/2" X 2" X 3/16" 2L = LD 25203 Bottom
chord= 2 1/2" X 2 1/2" X 3/16" 2L = LD 25253 Web Member = 2" X 2 X 3/16" 2L = LD 25203 Spacing
(gusset plate) = 3/16" = 0.188" Computation: (0.10 + 0.10) x 6 = 1.2 KN/m (top chord) 0.40 x 6 =2.4 KN/m
(bottom chord) Computation: L.L. = 1.0 x 6.0 = 6.0 KN/m Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 82 STEPS: Step 1. Click General tab (page-control), Load(sub-
page) or click Command (top menu) / Loading/Primary Load Live load = -6.0 KN/m Dead load = -2.40
KN/m Leeward side= 5.58 KN/m Windward side = -2.40 KN/m Dead load = -12.0 KN/m Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 83 Step 2. Define the Load case no. and the title then click OK
Step 3. Click Member button to define the type of loading and value. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 84 Step 4. Select the type of loading. Input the value of load,
direction and distances then click Add button. Step 5.a Select the load to be applied from the Load
specification list then select the member(s). Click Assign To Selected Beam from assignment method.
5.a.1 5.a.2 5.a.3 selected members RESULT: Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 85 Step 5.b If there are grouped created, select the load from
the list of loads, then select the grouped by name then click Assign to selected Beams. 5.b.1 Select the
load to be applied 5.b.2 Select the group name (e.g. _TC ) then click OK. 5.b.3 Click Assign to Selected
Beams then click Assign. selected members Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 86 LOAD COMBINATION This command may be used to combine
the results of the analysis. The combination may be algebraic. SRSS and a combination of both. i = Load
combination number(any integer smaller than 100000 that is not the same as any previously defined
primary load case number.) a1 = Any title for the load combination i 1 , i 2... represents the load case
numbers which are to be combined f1, f2 ... represents corresponding factors to be applied to loadings.
fSRSS = optional factor to be applied as a multiplying factor on the combined result of the SRSS result of
the SRSS load combination. If the last character on a line is a hyphen, then the command is continued on
the next line. A limit of 100 prior cases may be factored in one command. General Format LOAD
COMBINATION i 1, f1, i2, f2 ..(fsrss) SRSS { ABS } i a1 NOTE: 1) In the LOAD COMBINATION SRSS option, if
the minus sign precedes any load case no., then that load case will be combined algebraically with the
SRSS combination of the rest. 2) The total number of primary and combination load cases combined
cannot exceed 500. 3) A zero factor terminates the list. Description LOAD COMBINATION Results from
anlysis will be combined algebraically. LOAD COMBINATION 6 DL + LL + WL 1 0.75 2 0.75 3 1.33 LOAD
COMBINATION ABS Absolute value of results from the analyses will be combined. LOAD COMBINATION
ABS 7 DL +LL + WL 1 0.85 2 0.65 3 2.12 LOAD COMBINATION SRSS Results from analyses may be
combined both algebraically and using the SRSS (Square Root of Summation of Squares) method. The
combination scheme may be mixed if required. For example, in the same load combination case, results
from load cases may be combined in the SRSS manner and then combined algebraically with other load
cases. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 87 Step 1. Click General tab (page-control menu)/ Load tab(sub-
page). STEPS: Step 2. Click Combine... button. Step 3. Click New... button. Step 4. Type the load
combination number & title (optional) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 88 Step 5.Type the factor load. Step 6. Select the loading(s). Step
7. Click Transfer button then OK. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 89 GLOBAL SUPPORT SPECIFICATION This set of commands may
be used to specify the SUPPORT conditions for supports parallel to the global axes. General Format
SUPPORTS PINNED joint-list FIXED (BUT release-spec[spring-spec.]) ENFORCED (BUT release-spec)
release-spec = FX FY FZ MX MY MZ spring-spec = KFX f1 KFY f2 KFZ f3 KMX f4 KMY f5 KMZ f6 Description
PINNED support is a support that has translational, but no rotational restraints. In other words, the
support has no moment carrying capacity. A FIXED support has both translational and rotational
restraints. A FIXED support can be released in the global directions as described in release-spec (FX for
force-X through MZ for momentZ). Also, a fixed support can have spring constants as described in
spring-spec (translational spring in global X-axis as KFX through rotational spring in global Z-axis as KMZ).
Corresponding spring constants are f1 through f6. Note that the rotational spring constants are always
per degree of rotation. All six releases may be provided as may be required when using the CHANGE
command. If both release specifications and spring specifications are to be supplied for the same
support joint, release specification must come first. Example SUPPORTS 1 TO 4 7 PINNED 5 6 FIXED BUT
FX MZ 8 9 FIXED BUT MZ KFX 50.0 KFY 75. 18 21 FIXED 27 FIXED BUT KFY 125.0 Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 90 In this example, joints 1 to 4 and joint 7 are pinned. No
moments are carried by those supports. Joints 5 and 6 are fixed for all DOF except in force-X and
moment-Z. Joints 8 & 9 are fixed for all DOF except moment-Z and have spring in the global X and Y
directions with corresponding spring constants of 50 and 75 units respectively. Joints 18 & 21 are fixed
for all translational and rotational degrees of freedom. At joint 27, all DOF are fixed except the FY DOF
where it has spring with of 125 units spring constant. Notes 1) Users are urged to refer to Section
5.38(STAAD Tech. manual) for information on specification of SUPPORTS along with the CHANGE
command specifications. 2) Spring constants must be provided in the current units. 3) All spring DOF
must be entered after the last non-spring DOF is specified, if both are on the same line. 4) If there are
two entries for the same joint, then: a) any direction that is pinned/fixed on either will be fixed in that
direction. b) any direction released on one and is a spring on the other will use the spring. c) Any
direction that is pinned/fixed on one and a spring on the other will use pinned/fixed. Description of
Enforced Enforced Support defines which translational and rotational directions, at a joint, may have a
support displacement imposed. If no support displacement is entered, then zero displacement will be
imposed, as if that direction was FIXED. The enforced displacement directions will be fixed for dynamic
load cases. If there are two entries for the same joint, then any direction that is enforced on either will
be enforced in that direction, overriding any other support specification for that joint-direction. Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 91 Step 1. Click General tab(page control) / Support. Step 2. Click
Add button. Step 3. Select the type of support and define parameter if any. Click Create button. Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 92 Step 4. Select the type of support from the list. Step 5. Click
the joint where the support is to be placed. Step 6. Click Assign To Selected Nodes from Assignment
Method. Result: Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 93 Analysis Specification STAAD analysis options include linear
static analysis, P-Delta (or second order analysis), Nonlinear analysis, and several types of Dynamic
Analysis. This command is used to specify the analysis request. In addition, this command may be used
to request various analysis related data like load info, statics check info, mode shapes etc. General
Format PERFORM { NONLINEAR} ANALYSIS (PRINT { LOAD DATA STATICS CHECK STATICS LOAD ) MODE
SHAPES BOTH ALL } Without one of these analysis commands, no analysis will be performed. These
ANALYSIS commands can be repeated if multiple analyses are needed at different phases. If the PRINT
LOAD DATA command is specified, the program will print an interpretation of all the load data. PRINT
STATICS CHECK will provide a summation of the applied loads and support reactions as well as a
summation of moments of the loads and reactions taken around the origin. PRINT STATICS LOAD prints
everything that PRINT STATICS CHECK does, plus it prints a summation of all internal and external forces
at each joint (generates voluminous output). PRINT STATICS LOAD should be used for members only, no
results are given for plates or solids. PRINT MODE SHAPES prints mode shape values at the joints for all
calculated mode shapes. PRINT BOTH is equivalent to PRINT LOAD DATA plus PRINT STATICS CHECK.
PRINT ALL is equivalent to PRINT DATA plus PRINT STATICS LOAD. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 94 STEPS: 1. Click Commands(top menu)/Analysis/Perform
Analysis 2. Select the Print Option then click OK. Using Page Control 1. Click Analysis/Print tab (Page
control)/ Analysis (Sub-page). 2. Click Define Commands button. 3. Click Perform Analsis tab then select
Print option then click ok Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 95 LOAD LIST This command allows specification of a set of
active load cases. All load cases made active by this command remain active until a new load list is
specified. General Format LOAD LIST load-list { ALL } Description This command is used to activate the
load cases listed in this command and, in a sense, deactivate all other load cases not listed in this
command. In other words, the loads listed are used for printing output and in design for performing the
specified calculations. Note that, when PERFORM ANALYSIS command is used, the program internally
uses all load cases, regardless of LOAD LIST command, except after CHANGE or RESTORE command. In
these two cases, the LOAD LIST command allows the program to perform analysis only those loads in the
list. If the LOAD LIST command is never used, the program will assume all load cases to be active. Step 1.
Click Command(top menu) / Loading / Load List Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 96 Step 2. Select the Load Cases. Step 3. Click the button to
transfer selected load cases to the load list to transfer all load cases Step 4. Click OK. Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 97 PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS This set of commands may be
used to specify the parameters required for steel design. General Format PARAMETER CODE AASHTO /
AISC / AUSTRALIAN /BRITISH / CANADIAN / FRENCH / GERMAN /INDIA / JAPAN / LRFD / NORWAY { }
parameter-name f1 PROFILE a1,(a2,a3) MEMBER memb-list ALL { } { } Description Parameter-name
refers to the "PARAMETER NAME" (s) listed in the parameter table contained in the Steel Design section.
f1 = Value of the parameter The user can control the design through specification of proper parameter.
The PROFILE parameter is available for AISC ASD code only. The user can specify up to three profiles (a1,
a2 and a3). The PROFILE parameter-name is used only for member selection where members are
selected from each of those profile names. The PROFILE for T-section is a W-shape. Also, the shape
specified initially under MEMBER PROPERTIES. Note that the PROFILE command can only be used for the
AMERICAN steel table. CODE parameter lets you choose the type of steel code to be checked for design.
The default steel code depends on the country of distribution. Example: PARAMETERS CODE AISC KY 1.5
MEMB 3 7 TO 11 NSF 0.75 ALL PROFILE W12 W14 MEMB 1 2 23 RATIO 0.9 ALL Notes 1) All unit sensitive
values should be in the current unit system. 2) For default values of the parameters, refer to the
appropriate table. 3) PROFILE command is available with American AISC ASD code only. It is not available
with the LRFD or AASHTO codes. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 98 STEPS: For Steel: 1. Using Page Control For Concrete: 2. Select
the code. Steel: Concrete: 3. Click Design Parameters button then select parameter tab and specify the
value. For Concrete: For Steel: Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 99 SELECT OPTIMIZED This command performs member
selection using an optimized technique based on multiple analysis/design iterations. General Format
SELECT OPTIMIZED Description The program selects all members based on a state-of-the-art
optimization technique. This method requires multiple analyses as well as iteration of sizes until an
overall structure least weight is obtained. This command should be used with caution since it wil require
longer processing time. Notes 1) The output of this command may be controlled using the TRACK
parameter. Three levels of details are available. Refer to the appropriate Steel Design section for more
information on the TRACK parameter. 2) This command may require multiple iterations involving
analysis/design cyles and therefore may be time consuming. Step 1. Click Design (page-control) / Steel
(sub-page) Step 2. Click Commands button. Step 3. Click Select Optimized button then click Add. Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 100 CODE CHECKING This command performs code checking
operation on specified members based on the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) codes.
General Format CHECK CODE MEMBER member-list ALL { } Description This command checks the
specified against the requirements of the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) codes. The
results of the code checking are summarized in a tabular format. Notes The output of this command
may be controlled by the TRACK parameter. Two levels of detail are available. STEP 1. Click Design(page-
control)/ Steel (sub-page) STEP 2. Select code. STEP 3. Click Command button STEP 4. Click Check Code
tab then click Add. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 101 STEP 5. Select the Code Check from the Steel Design
window, then select the member where the command is to be applied and click Assign to Selected Beam
from Assignment Method then Click Assign Button. STEEL TAKE OFF This command may be used to
obtain a summary of all steel sections being used along with their lengths and weights. General Format
STEEL (MEMBER) TAKE ( OFF ) Description This command provides a complete listing of all different steel
table sections used in the structure. The tabulated listing will include total length of each section name
and its total weight. This can be helpful in estimating steel quantities. The MEMBER option list each
member length and weight by number, profile-type, length and weight. Notes This facility may be very
effectively utilized to obtain a quick estimate of the structural steel quantity. Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 102 STEP 1. Click Design(page-control)/ Steel (sub-page) STEP 2.
Click Command button STEP 3. Click Take off tab then click Add. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 103 PRINT SPECIFICATION This command is used to direct the
program to print various mdeling information and analysis results. STAAD offers a number of versatile
print commands that can be used to customize the output. General format for data related print
commands: PRINT JOIN COORDINATES MEMBER INFORMATION ELEMENT INFORMATION SOLID
MEMBER PROPERTIES MATERIAL PROPERTICES SUPPORT INFORMATION or ALL (ALL) LIST list of items
i.e. joints, members General format to print location of CG. PRINT CG General format to print analysis
results: PRINT JOINT DISPLACEMENTS (MEMBER) FORCES ANALYSIS RESULTS (MEMBER) SECTION
FORCES MEMBER STRESSES ELEMENT (JOINT) STRESSES (AT f1 f2) ELEMENT FORCES ELEMENT (JOINT)
STRESSES SOLID MODE SHAPES List-spec List-spec = (ALL) LIST list of items i.e. joints, members or
elements Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 104 General format to print support reactions: PRINT SUPPORT
REACTIONS General format to print entire steel table: PRINT ENTIRE (TABLE) General format to print
story drift: PRINT STORY DRIFT Description Note that the list of items is not applicable for PRINT
ANALYSIS RESULTS, PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS, and PRINT MODE SHAPES command. The PRINT JOINT
COORDINATES command prints all interpreted coordinates of joints. The PRINT MEMBER INFORMATION
command prints all member information, including member length, member incidences, beta angles,
whether or not a member is a truss member and the member release conditions at start and end of the
member(1=released, 0 =not released). The PRINT ELEMENT INFORMATION command prints all incident
joints, element thicknesses, and Poisson ratios for Plate/Shell elements. The PRINT ELEMENT
INFORMATION SOLID command prints similar information for Solid elements. The PRINT MEMBER
PROPERTIES command prints all member properties including cross sectional area, moments of inertia,
and section moduli in both axes. Units for the properties are always INCH or CM (depending on FPS or
METRIC) regardless of the unit specified in UNIT command. The following designation is used for
member property names: AX - Cross section area AY - Area used to compute shear deformation in local
Y-axis AZ - Area used to compute shear deformation in local Z-axis IZ - Moment of Inertia about the local
Z-axis IY - Moment of Inertia about the local Y-axis IX - Torsional constant SY - Smallest section modulus
about the local Y-axis SZ - Smallest section modulus about the local Z-axis The PRINT MATERIAL
PROPERTIES command prints all material properties for the members, including E (modulus of elasticity),
G (shear modulus), weight density and coefficient of thermal expansion (alpha) for frame members. This
command is available for members only. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 105 The PRINT SUPPORT INFORMATION command prints all
support information regarding their fixity, releases and spring constant values, if any. The LIST option is
not available for this command. The PRINT ALL command is equivalent to last five print commands
combined. This command prints joint coordinates, member information, member properties, material
properties and support information, in that order. The PRINT CG command print out the coordinates of
the center of gravity of the structure. Only the selfweight of the structure is used to calculate the C.G.
User defined joint loads, member loads etc. are not calculated in the calculation of CG. The PRINT
(JOINT) DISPLACEMENTS command prints joint displacements in a tabulated form. The displacements
for all six directions will be printed for all specified load cases. The length unit for the displacements is
always INCH or CM (depending on FPS or METRIC unit) regardless of the unit specified in UNIT
command. The PRINT (MEMBER) FORCES command prints member forces (i.e. Axial force (AXIAL), Shear
force in Y and Z axes (SHEAR-Y and SHEAR-Z), Torsional Moment (TORSION), Moments about local Y and
Z axes (MOM-Y and MOM-Z) in a tabulated form for the listed members, for all specified load cases. The
PRINT ANALYIS RESUTS command is equivalent to the last t hree commands combined. With this
command, the joint displacements, support reactions and member forces in that order printed. The
PRINT (MEMBER) SECTION FORCES command prints member forces at the intermediate sections
specified with a previously input SECTION command. The printing is done in a tabulated form, by
member, for all specified laod cases. The PRINT (MEMBER) STRESSES command tabulates member
stresses at the start joint, end joint and all specified intermediate sections. These stresses include axial (
i.e. axial force over the area), bending-y(i.e. moment-y over section modulus in local y-axis), bending-
z(i.e. moment-z over section modulus in local z-axis), shear stresses in both local y and z directions
(FY/AY and FZ/AZ) and combined (absolute combination of axial, bending-y and bending-z) stresses. For
PRISMATIC sections, if AY and/or AZ is not provided, the full cross-sectional area (AX) will be considered
in shear stress calculations. For TAPERED sections, the values of AY and AZ are those for the location
where the stress is printed. Hence if the stress is printed at the location 0.0, the AY at AZ are based on
the dimension of the member at the start mode. AY = Total depth * Thickness of web AZ = 2/3 area of
both flanges put together. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 106 The PRINT ELEMENT STRESSES command must be used to
print plate stresses (SX, SY, SXY, SQX, SQY), moments per unit width (MX, MY, MXY) and principal
stresses (SMAX, SMIN, TMAX) for plate/shell elements. Typically, the stresses and moments per unit
width at the centroid will be printed. The Von Mises stresses (VONT, VONB) as well as the angle (ANGLE)
defining the orientation of the principal planes are also printed. SQX - Shear stress on the local X-face in
the Z direction SQY - Shear stress on the local Y-face in the Z direction MX - Moment per unit width
about the local X face MY - Moment per unit width about the local Y face MXY - Torsional Moment per
unit width in the local X-Y plane SX - Axial stress in the local X direction SY - Axial stress in the local Y
direction SXY - Shear stress in the local XY plane VONT- Von Mises stress on the top surface of the
element VONB -Von Mises stress on the bottom surface of the element SMAX -Maximum in-plane
Principal stress SMIN - Minimum in-plane Principal stress TMAX -Maximum in-plane Shear stress ANGLE
- Angle which determines direction of maximum principal stress with respect to local X-axis If the JOINT
option is used, forces and moments at the nodal points are also printed out in addition to the centroid
of the element. The AT option may be used to print element forces at any specified point within the
element. The AT option must be accompanied by f1 and f2 . Note f1 and f2 are local X and Y
coodinates(in current units) of the point where the stresses and moments are required. The PRINT
ELEMENT FORCES command enables printing of plate "corner forces" [ F = Ke l . Del ]. The PRINT
ELEMENT (JOINT) STRESS SOLID command enables printing of stresses at the center of the SOLID
elements. The variables that appear in the output are the following. Normal Stresses : SXX, SYY and SZZ
Shear Stresses : SXY, SYZ and SZX Principal Stresses : S1, S2 and S3 Von Mises Stresses : SE Direction
cosines : 6 direction cosines are printed following the expression DC, corresponding to the first two
principal stress direction. The JOINT option will print out the stresses at the nodes of the solid
elements. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 107 The PRINT MODE SHAPES command prints joint
displacements for all calculated modes. The PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS command prints support
reactions in a tabulated form, by support, for all specified load cases. The LIST option is not available for
this command. The PRINT ENTIRE TABLE command may be used to obtain a print-out of the contents of
the steel table from which member properties are being used. This command must be provided
following the specification of all member properties. The PRINT STORY DRIFT command may be used to
obtain a print-out of the average lateral displacement of all joint at each vertical level of the structure.
STEP 1. Using Page-control menu. Click Pre-Print tab for data related print commands. STEP 2. Click
Define Commands button. STEP 3. Select the command and define parameter if any then click Add.
PROCEDURE FOR PRINT COMMANDS Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 108 PROCEDURE FOR PRINT COMMANDS(PRINT ANALYSIS
RESULT) STEP 1. Using Page-control menu. Click Post-Print tab to print analysis result. STEP 2. Click
Define Commands button. STEP 3. Select the command and define parameter if any then click Add.
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 109 DRAW SPECIFICATIONS This set of commands may be used
to generate printer plots of structure geometry and results as part of the output. Description Besides
interactive graphics, STAAD has features to provide commands to plot structural geometry, analysis
results etc. as part of the STAAD output file. Note that these output files (.ANL files) should be printed
only through the PRINT OUTPUT option of the main menu of STAAD. Plots can also be displayed by the
VIEW OUTPUT option of the main menu of STAAD. Plots are of high-resolution and most of the 8/9/24
pin dot matrix and laser printer are supported. The DRAW command is used to create the plots in the
output. The following is the format of the DRAW command. DRAW ISOMETRIC ROTATE rotate-spec
SECTION section-spec ZOOM f1 SHIFT x y JOINT MEMBER SUPPORT PROPERTY SHAPE HIDDEN - LINE -
REMOVED SHRINK f2 LOAD ln DFDRAW ln MODRAW sn SCDRAW ln MSDRAW ln force-spec BMDRAW ln
force-spec ENVELOP force-spec SCALE f3 VALUE STRESS CONTOUR ln (LIST list-spec) Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 110 rotate-spec = X xa Y ya Z za section-spec = XY YZ XZ r1 r2
force-spec = FX FY MZ FZ MY f1 = Zoom factor by which structure is to be reduced or enlarged. A value
less than 1.0 is for reduction and greater than 1.0 is to enlarge. f2 = Shrink factor by which
member/elements be shrunk. Value varies from 0.1 to 0.9 f3 = Scale factor by which deflected shapes to
be multiplied. Normally all scales are automatically computed. However, the user may change this by
this command. x, y = x and y shift values based on structure coordinates. ln = Load number to be
considered. sn = Mode-shapes number to be displayed. xa, ya, za = X, Y, and Z angles by which the
structure is to be rotated r1, r2 = Maximum and minimum values defining the range in the direction
perpendicular to the specified section plane. Notes 1)Following commands may be used anywhere in
the input. ISOMETRIC - Draw isometric view ROTATE - Rotates as specified in rotate-spec SECTION -
Draw section as specified in section-spec ZOOM - Draw with zoom factor of value f1 SHIFT - Shift
structure to the specified x, y values JOINT - Display joint numbers. MEMBER - Display member
numbers. SUPPORT - Display support icons. PROPERTY - Display property names. SHAPE - Display the
shape of the member property with proper BETA angle orientation. HIDE - Remove hidden lines when
elements are present. SHRINK - Shrink all member/elements by the factor of f2 LOAD - Display load
icons. Obviously, this command can be used only after the loadings are provided. Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 111 1)Following commands are related to results and should be
used only after the PERFORM ANALYSIS command. DFSDRAW - Draw deflected shape. MODRAW - Draw
mode shape. SCDRAW - Draw section displacement. MSDRAW - Display force/moment diagram on the
entire structure for specified ln (load number). BMDRAW - Display force/moment diagram for
independent members as listed in LIST. No more than 2 member lists are allowed. Use multiple DRAW
commands to display force/moment diagrams for independent members. ENVELOP - Same as MSDRAW
except worst of all active load cases. SCALE- Scale factor by which deflected shapes to be multiplied.
VALUE - Display values of Force/Moments, displacements. STRESS-CONTOUR - Draw stress-contour for
finite elements. Only the contour for the Absolute maximum principal stress can be plotted. Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 112 SAMPLE INPUT FILE STAAD PLANE DESIGN OF TRUSS INPUT
WIDTH 72 UNIT METER KNS JOINT COORDINATES 1 0. 0. 0.; 2 1.5 0. 0.; 3 3. 0. 0.; 4 4.5 0. 0.; 5 6. 0. 0. 6
7.5 0. 0.; 7 9. 0. 0.; 8 10.5 0. 0.; 9 12. 0. 0.; 10 13.5 0. 0. 11 15. 0. 0.; 12 1.5 .4 0.; 13 3. .8 0.; 14 4.5 1.2 0.;
15 6. 1.6 0. 16 7.5 2. 0.; 17 9. 1.6 0.; 18 10.5 1.2 0.; 19 12. .8 0.; 20 13.5 .4 0. MEMBER INCIDENCES 1 1 2;
2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 8; 8 8 9; 9 9 10 10 10 11; 11 1 12; 12 12 13; 13 13 14; 14 14 15; 15 15
16; 16 16 17 17 17 18; 18 18 19; 19 19 20; 20 20 11; 21 2 12; 22 3 12; 23 3 13 24 4 13; 25 4 14; 26 5 14;
27 5 15; 28 6 15; 29 6 16; 30 6 17; 31 7 17 32 7 18; 33 8 18; 34 8 19; 35 9 19; 36 9 20; 37 10 20 UNIT
INCHES KNS MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN 11 TO 20 TABLE LD L35354 SP .18 1 TO 10 TABLE LD L35354
SP .18 21 TO 27 31 TO 37 TABLE LD L20202 SP .18 28 TO 30 TABLE LD L20203 SP .18 MEMBER TRUSS 21
TO 37 UNIT METER KNS CONSTANT E STEEL ALL DENSITY STEEL ALL POISSON STEEL ALL BETA 180. MEMB
1 TO 10 SUPPORT 1 FIXED 6 11 PINNED LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD SELFWEIGHT Y -1. MEMBER LOAD 11 TO 20
UNI GY -1.2 1 TO 10 UNI GY -2.4 LOAD 2 LIVE LOAD MEMBER LOAD 11 TO 20 UNI GY -4.2 LOAD 3 WIND
LOAD MEMBER LOAD 11 TO 15 UNI Y -2.4 16 TO 20 UNI Y 5.58 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 113 LOAD COMB 4 DL+LL 1 1. 2 1. LOAD COMB 5 DL+WL 1 1. 3 1.
LOAD COMB 6 0.75(DL+LL+WL) 1 .75 2 .75 3 .75 UNIT INCHES KIP PERFORM ANALYSIS LOAD LIST ALL
PARAMETER CODE AISC TRACK 1. ALL CB 0. ALL RATIO .9 ALL BEAM 1. MEMB 1 TO 20 CHECK CODE ALL
UNIT METER KG STEEL MEMBER TAKE OFF UNIT METER KNS PRINT MEMBER FORCES ALL PRINT
SUPPORT REACTIONS FINISH Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 114 Tabulated Results of Steel Design For code checking or
member selection, the program produces the results in a tabulated fashion. The items in the output
tables are explained as follows: a) MEMBER refers to the member number for which the design is
performed. b) TABLE refers to the AISC steel section name which has been checked against the steel
code or has been selected. c) RESULT prints whether the member has PASSed or FAILed. If the RESULT is
FAIL, there will be an asterisk (*) mark in front of the member number. d) CRITICAL COND refers to the
section of the AISC code which governed the design. e) RATIO prints the ratio of actual stresses to
allowable stresses for the critical condition. Normally a value of 1.0 or less will mean member has
passed. f) LOADING provides the load case number which governed the design. g) FX, MY and MZ
provide the axial force, moment in local y-axis and moment in local z-axis respectively. Although STAAD
does not consider all the member forces and moments to perform design, only FX MY and MZ are
printed since they are the ones which are of interest, in most cases. h) LOCATION specifies the actual
distance from the start of the member to the section where design forces govern. i) If the parameter
TRACK is set to 1.0, the program will block out part of the table and will print the allowable bending
stresses in compression (FCY & FCZ) and tension (FTY & FTZ), allowable axial stress in compression (FA),
and allowable shear stress (FV), all in kips per square inch. In addition, member length, area, section
moduli, governing KL/r ration and CB are also printed. j) In the output for TRACK 2.0, the items Fey and
Fez are as follows: Fey = 12 π2 E 23(KY LY/ry )2 Fez = 23(Kz Lz /rz )2 12 π2 E Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 115 Sample Print Analysis (Steel Design) SUPPORT REACTION:
STEEL TAKE-OFF: DESIGN RESULT: Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 116 FOUR-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING GROUND FLOOR
PLAN TYPICAL 2ND TO 4TH FLOOR PLAN Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 117 FRONT ELEVATION ROOF DECK PLAN Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 118 SECTION THRU 'A-A' FOUNDATION PLAN Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 119 TYPICAL 2ND TO 4TH FLR. FRAMING PLAN ROOF DECK
FRAMING PLAN Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 120 LOAD CRITERIA A. DEAD LOAD Ceiling & Utilities - 0.5 KPa
Topping & Finishes - 1.0 KPa Topping & Waterproofing - 1.9 KPa 6" CHB Partition (Plastered) - 2.1 KPa 4"
CHB Partition (Plastered) - 2.1 KPa 6" CHB Exterior wall w/ window - 2.1 KPa 6" CHB - 3.5 KPa Interior
Partition - 2.1 KPa B. LIVE LOAD Office - 2.4 KPa Restroom - 2.4 KPa Storage/Hallway - 4.8 KPa Roof - 2.0
KPa Movable Partition - 1.0 KPa Stairs - 4.8 KPa Sample Computation: (Dead Load) For 3.0 m x 7.5 m slab
(w/o partition) a. Short Side S.S. = WS = (.5+1+3.5) * (3) 33 = 5.0 KN/M b. Longer Side L.S. = WS * 3 - M2
= (5*3) * (3 - (3 / 7.5)2 ) 3 2 3 2 = 7.1 KN/M where: S M = S L L Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 121 Constants Density = 23.5 kn/m3 (for column, girders, beams)
Modulus of Elasticity Ec = 5000efc' MPa use fc' = 27.6 MPa = 4000psi Ec = 26.5 x 106 = 26.5E6 Property
of Slab : Assume 6" thk = 0.15m ACI LIMITATIONS Minimum thickness of slab unless deflections are
computed Member End Condition fy=40 ksi fy=60 ksi Solid one-way Simple support S/25 S/20 Slabs One-
end Continuous S/30 S/34 Both ends S/35 S/18 Illustration one-end continuous both-ends continuous
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 122 ROOF DECK TYPICAL 2ND - 4TH FLR. MEMBER
PROPERTIES(BEAMS,COLUMNS) .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3
.6 x.3 .5x.35 .6x.4 .5x.35 .6x.4 .5x.35 .6x.4 .5x.35 .6 x.3 .6 x.4 .6x.4 .6x.4 .3x.2 .5x.35 .5x.35 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6
x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .5x.35 .6x.4 .6 x.3 .5x.35 .6x.4 .5x.35 .6x.4 .5x.35 .6x.4 .5x.35 .6
x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6x.4 .6x.4 .6x.4 .6x.4 .6 x.3 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3
.45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .45X.3 .4X.25 .4X.25 ..4X.25 .4X.20 .4X.20 .4X.20 .4X.20 .4X.20
.4X.20 .4X.20 .4X.20 .4X.20 .4X.20 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 123 ROOF DECK TYPICAL 2ND - 4TH FLR. DEAD LOAD(KN/m) 5.6
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 8.4 8.4 8.4 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 15.23 16.8 15.23 16.8 16.8
16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 8.4 8.4 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 5.6 5.6 5.6
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8
10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 8.1 8.1 16.2 16.2
16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 8.1 8.1 Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 124 ROOF DECK TYPICAL 2ND - 4TH FLR. LIVE LOAD 3.4 3.4 3.4
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 5.1
5.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 9.245 10.2 9.245 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 5.1 5.1
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.438 6.0 5.438 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 125 UBC 1997 LOAD DEFINITION This feature enables one to
generate seismic loads per the UBC 97 specifications using a static equivalent approach. Description The
seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directions only. Y is the
direction of gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases where the Z axis is set to be the
vertical direction using the "SET Z UP" command. There are 2 stages of command specifications for
generating lateral loads. This is the first stage and is activated through the DEFINE UBC LOAD command.
General Format DEFINE UBC (ACCIDENTAL) LOAD ZONE f1 ubc-spec SELFWEIGHT JOINT WEIGHT joint-list
WEIGHT w MEMBER WEIGHT mem-list (UNI ...) ubc-spec= { I f2, RWX f3, RWZ f4, STYP f5, NA f6, NV f7 ,
(CT f8), (PX f9), (PZ f10) } where, f1 = Seismic zone coefficient f2 = Importance factor f3 = Numerical
coefficient R for lateral load in X direction f4 = Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in Z direction f5 =
Soil Profile type f6 = Near source factor Na f7 = Near source factor Nv f8 = Optional CT value to calculate
time period based on Method A f9 = Optional Period of structure (in sec.) in X-direction to be used in
Method B f10 = Optional Period of structure (in sec.) in Z-direction to be used in Method B Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 126 STEP 1 . Click Command(menu)/Loading/Define Load/
Seismic Load STEP 2 . Choose type of UBC (1997,1994,IS1893). Fill in the parameters needed then click
Save button then Close. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 127 Concrete Design Specification The concrete design
procedure implemented in STAAD consists of the following steps: 1.) Initiating the design. 2.) Specifying
parameters. 3.) Specifying design requirements. 4.) Requesting quantity take-off. 5.) Terminating the
design. Design Initiation Purpose This command is used to initiate the concrete design. General Format
START CONCRETE DESIGN Description This command initiates the concrete design specification. With
this, the design parameters are automatically set to the default values. Without this command, none of
the following concrete design commands will be recognized. Notes This command must be present
before any concrete design is used. Concrete Design-Parameter Specification Purpose This set of
commands may be used to specify parameters to control the concrete design. General Format CODE
parameter-name f1 MEMBER memb/elem list (ALL) ACI / BRITISH / CANADIAN/ FRENCH / GERMAN /
INDIA / JAPAN / NORWAY Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 128 Description Parameter-name described below. f1 = is the
value of the parameter. Note that this value is always input in current units. The UNIT command is also
accepted during any phase of concrete design. Parameter Name Default Value Description FYMAIN
*60,000 psi Yield strength for main reinforcement steel. FYSEC *60,000 psi Yield strength for secondary
steel. CLT *1.5 inch Clear cover for top reinforcement. CLB *1.5 inch Clear cover for bottom
reinforcement. FC *4,000 psi Compressive Strength of Concrete CLS *1.5 inch Clear cover for side
reinforcement. MINMAIN** Number 4 bar Min. main reinforcement bar size(No. 4 -18) MINSEC**
Number 4 bar Min. secondary reinforcement bar size MAXMAIN** Number 18 bar Max. main
reinforcement bar size SFACE *0.0 Face of support location at start of beam. If specified, the shear force
at start is computed at a distance of SFACE+d from the start joint of the member. EFACE *0.0 Face of
support location at end of beam. (Note: Both SFACE & EFACE are input as positive numbers) If specified,
the shear force at end is computed at a distance of EFACE+d from the end joint of the member. REINF
0.0 Tied column. A value of 1 will mean spiral. MMAG 1.0 (for column only) A factor by which the
column design moments will be magnified. WIDTH *ZD Width of concrete member. This value defaults
to ZD as provided under MEMBER PROPERTIES DEPTH *YD Depth of concrete member. This value
defaults to YD as provided under MEMBER PROPERTIES Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 129 Parameter Name Default Value Description NSECTION 12
Number of equally-spaced sections to be considered in finding critical moments for beam design TRACK
0.0 BEAM DESIGN: With TRACK set 0.0. Critical Moment will not be printed out with beam design report.
A value of 1.0 will mean a print out. A value of 2.0 will print out required steel areas for all intermediate
sections specified by NSECTION. COLUMN DESIGN: TRACK 0.0 prints out detailed design results. TRACK
1.0 prints out column interaction analysis results in addition to TRACK 0.0 output. TRACK 2.0 prints out a
schematic interaction diagram and intermediate interaction values in addition to all of above. * These
values must be provided in the current unit system being used. ** When using metric units for ACI
design, provide values for these parameters in actual 'mm' units instead of the bar number. The
following metric bar sizes are available: 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm 32 mm, 40
mm, 50 mm, and 60 mm. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 130 STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Concrete.
STEP 3. Click Define Parameters... button. STEP 2. Select the Code. STEP 4. Click the tab what parameter
you want to specify. STEP 5. Click Add button then Close. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North
EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 131 STEP 6. Select the Parameter name from Design window.
STEP 7.Select the members/elements where the parameter is to applied. STEP 8. Select Assigned to
Selected Beam/Plates then click Assign button. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 132 Concrete Design Command Purpose This command may be
used to specify the type of design required. Members may be designed as BEAM, COLUMN or ELEMENT.
General Format DESIGN BEAM COLUMN ELEMENT SLAB memb-list (ALL) Description Members to be
designed must be specified as BEAM, COLUMN or ELEMENT. Note that members, once designed as
beam, cannot be redesigned as a column again, or vice versa. STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control
menu) / Concrete. STEP 2. Click Command... button from Design window. STEP 3. Click the tab what
command you want to apply then Add button. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 133 STEP 4. Click Design command from design window. STEP 5.
Select the member/beam/plate. Note: Press Ctrl key while selecting members to add more members.
STEP 6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then click Assign button. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 134 Concrete Take Off Command Purpose This command may be
used to obtain an estimate of the total volume of the concrete, reinforcement bars used and their
respective weights. General Format CONCRETE TAKE OFF Sample *********** CONCRETE TAKE OFF
*********** (FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS DESIGNED ABOVE) TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 87.50
CU. FT. BAR SIZE WEIGHT NUMBER (in lbs) ------------- ----------- 4 805.03 6 91.60 8 1137.60 9 653.84 11
818.67 ------------- *** TOTAL = 3506.74 STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Concrete. STEP 2.
Click Command... button from Design window. STEP 3. Click Take Off tab then click Add. Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 135 Concrete Design Terminator Purpose This command must be
used to terminate the concrete design. General Format END CONCRETE DESIGN Description This
command terminates the concrete design, after which normal STAAD commands resume. Sample:
START CONCRETE DESIGN CODE ACI FYMAIN 40.0 ALL FC 3.0 ALL DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 4 7 DESIGN
COLUMN 9 12 TO 16 DESIGN ELEMENT 20 TO 30 END Notes Without this command, further STAAD
commands will not be recognized Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 136 Footing Design Specification Purpose This set of commands
may be used to specify footing design requirements. Description This facility may be used to design
isolate footins for user specified support joints. Once the support is specified , the program
automatically identifies the support reaction(s) associated with the joint. All active load cases are
checked and design is performed for the support reaction(s) that rquires the maximum footing size.
Parameters are available to control the design. Dowel bars and development lengths are also calculated
and included in the design output. Design Considerations The STAAD isolated footing design is based on
the following considerations. 1) The design reaction load may include concentrated load and biaxial
moments. 2) The vertical reaction load is increased by 10% to account for the selfweight of the footing.
3) Footing slab size is rectangular. The user through a parameter may control the ratio between the
length and the width of the slab. 4) Optional pedestal design is available. 5) Footing cannot be designed
at supports where the reaction causes uplift on the footings. 6) This facility is currently available for the
American code only. The following sequential design procedure is followed: 1) Footing size is calculated
on the basis of the load directly available from the analysis results (support reactions) and user specified
Allowable Soil Pressure. No factor is used on the support reactions. 2) The footing size obtained from 1)
and the FACTORED LOAD is utilized to calculate soil reactions FACTORED LOAD = ACTUAL REACTION X
Parameter FFAC Note that the user may provide a desired value for parameter FFAC 3) Footing depth
and reinforcement details are based on soil reactions calculated per 2) above. 4) Dowel bar
requirements and development lenght are calculated and reported in the output. Design Considerations
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 137 Following parameters are available for footing design.
Parameter Name Default Value Description FY 60,000 psi Yield strength for reinforcement steel. FC
3,000 psi REINF Number 9 bar Main reinforcement bar size for slab design FFAC 1.0 Load factor for
concrete design CLEAR 3.0 inch Clear cover for slab reinforcement BC 3000 psf Soil bearing capacity
RATIO 1.0 Ration between slab sides TRACK 1.0 1.0 = only numerical output is provided 2.0 = numerical
output and sketch provided DEPTH Calculated by the program The min. depth of the footing base slab.
Program changes this value if required for design. S1, S2 Calculated by the program Size of the footing
base slab - S1 and S2 correspond to column sides YD and ZD respectively. Either S1 and S2 or both can
be specified. If one is provided, the other will be calculated based on RATIO. If both are provided, RATIO
will be ignored EMBEDMENT 0.0 The depth of the footing base from the support point of the column.
PEDESTAL 0.0 0.0 = no pedestal design 1.0 = pedestal design with program calculating pedestal
dimensions X1 X2 - pedestal desigh with user provided pedestal dimensions. X1 and X2 are pedestal
dimensions corresponding to slab sides S1 and S2 respectively. Design Parameters Compressive Strength
of Concrete Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 138 Design Initiation Purpose This command may be used to
initiate the footing design. General Format START FOOTING DESIGN Description This command initiates
the footing design specifications. Without this command, no further footing design command will be
recognized. Notes No footing design specification will be processed without this command. Footing
Design Parameter Specification Purpose This command is used to specify parameters that may be used
to control the footing design. General Format CODE AMERICAN BRITISH CANADIAN FRENCH GERMAN
INDIA JAPAN NORWAY JOINT joint-list (ALL) parameter-name f1 Description f1 is the value of the
parameter. Note that this value should be in the current units. The UNIT command is also accepted
during any phase of footing design. Notes No footing design specification will be processed without this
command. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 139 Footing Design Command Purpose This command must be
used to execute the footing design. General Format DESIGN FOOTING joint-list (ALL) Description This
command may be used to specify the joints for which the footing designs are required. Notes The
output of this command may be controlled by the TRACK parameter. If TRACK is set to the default value
of 1.0, only numerical output will be provided. If TRACK is set to 2.0, graphical output will be provided in
addition. Footing Design Terminator Purpose This command must be used to terminate the footing
design. General Format END FOOTING DESIGN Description This command terminates the footing design.
Notes If the footing desing is not terminated, no further STAAD command will be recognized. Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 140 STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Footing. STEP
2. Click Define Parameter.. button to define specify parameter. STEP 3. Select the parameter name and
define the value. STEP 4. Click Add after specifying each parameter. Click Close to quit from this
command. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 141 Sample Input file (Reinforced Concrete) STAAD SPACE 4-
STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING INPUT WIDTH 72 UNIT METER KNS JOINT COORDINATES 1 0. 4. 0.; 2 30.
4. 0.; 3 6. 4. 0.; 4 12. 4. 0.; 5 18. 4. 0. 6 24. 4. 0.; 7 0. 4. 7.5; 8 30. 4. 7.5; 9 6. 4. 7.5; 10 12. 4. 7.5 11 18. 4.
7.5; 12 24. 4. 7.5; 13 0. 4. 15.; 14 30. 4. 15.; 15 6. 4. 15. 16 12. 4. 15.; 17 18. 4. 15.; 18 24. 4. 15.; 19 0. 4.
17. 20 30. 4. 17.; 21 6. 4. 17.; 22 12. 4. 17.; 23 18. 4. 17. 24 24. 4. 17.; 25 14.5 4. 0.; 26 12. 4. 4.5; 27 14.5
4. 7.5 28 14.5 4. 4.5; 29 0. 0. 0.; 30 0. 0. 7.5; 31 0. 0. 15.; 32 6. 0. 0. 33 6. 0. 7.5; 34 6. 0. 15.; 35 12. 0. 0.;
36 12. 0. 7.5; 37 12. 0. 15. 38 18. 0. 0.; 39 18. 0. 7.5; 40 18. 0. 15.; 41 24. 0. 0.; 42 24. 0. 7.5 43 24. 0. 15.;
44 30. 0. 0.; 45 30. 0. 7.5; 46 30. 0. 15.; 47 0. 7. 0. 48 30. 7. 0.; 49 6. 7. 0.; 50 12. 7. 0.; 51 18. 7. 0.; 52 24.
7. 0. 53 0. 7. 7.5; 54 30. 7. 7.5; 55 6. 7. 7.5; 56 12. 7. 7.5; 57 18. 7. 7.5 58 24. 7. 7.5; 59 0. 7. 15.; 60 30. 7.
15.; 61 6. 7. 15.; 62 12. 7. 15. 63 18. 7. 15.; 64 24. 7. 15.; 65 0. 7. 17.; 66 30. 7. 17.; 67 6. 7. 17. 68 12. 7.
17.; 69 18. 7. 17.; 70 24. 7. 17.; 71 14.5 7. 0. 72 12. 7. 4.5; 73 14.5 7. 7.5; 74 14.5 7. 4.5; 75 0. 10. 0. 76
30. 10. 0.; 77 6. 10. 0.; 78 12. 10. 0.; 79 18. 10. 0. 80 24. 10. 0.; 81 0. 10. 7.5; 82 30. 10. 7.5; 83 6. 10. 7.5
84 12. 10. 7.5; 85 18. 10. 7.5; 86 24. 10. 7.5; 87 0. 10. 15. 88 30. 10. 15.; 89 6. 10. 15.; 90 12. 10. 15.; 91
18. 10. 15. 92 24. 10. 15.; 93 0. 10. 17.; 94 30. 10. 17.; 95 6. 10. 17. 96 12. 10. 17.; 97 18. 10. 17.; 98 24.
10. 17.; 99 14.5 10. 0. 100 12. 10. 4.5; 101 14.5 10. 7.5; 102 14.5 10. 4.5; 103 0. 13. 0. 104 30. 13. 0.; 105
6. 13. 0.; 106 12. 13. 0.; 107 18. 13. 0. 108 24. 13. 0.; 109 0. 13. 7.5; 110 30. 13. 7.5; 111 6. 13. 7.5 112
12. 13. 7.5; 113 18. 13. 7.5; 114 24. 13. 7.5; 115 0. 13. 15. 116 30. 13. 15.; 117 6. 13. 15.; 118 12. 13. 15.;
119 18. 13. 15. 120 24. 13. 15.; 121 0. 13. 17.; 122 30. 13. 17.; 123 6. 13. 17. 124 12. 13. 17.; 125 18. 13.
17.; 126 24. 13. 17. MEMBER INCIDENCES 1 1 3; 2 3 4; 3 4 25; 4 5 6; 5 6 2; 6 7 9; 7 9 10; 8 10 27; 9 11 12
10 12 8; 11 13 15; 12 15 16; 13 16 17; 14 17 18; 15 18 14; 16 19 21 17 21 22; 18 22 23; 19 23 24; 20 24
20; 21 1 7; 22 7 13; 23 13 19 24 3 9; 25 9 15; 26 15 21; 27 4 26; 28 10 16; 29 16 22; 30 5 11 31 11 17; 32
17 23; 33 6 12; 34 12 18; 35 18 24; 36 2 8; 37 8 14 38 14 20; 39 25 5; 40 26 10; 41 27 11; 42 25 27; 43 26
28; 44 1 29 45 7 30; 46 13 31; 47 3 32; 48 9 33; 49 15 34; 50 4 35; 51 10 36 52 16 37; 53 5 38; 54 11 39;
55 17 40; 56 6 41; 57 12 42; 58 18 43 59 2 44; 60 8 45; 61 14 46; 78 47 49; 79 49 50; 80 50 71; 81 51 52
82 52 48; 83 53 55; 84 55 56; 85 56 73; 86 57 58; 87 58 54; 88 59 61 89 61 62; 90 62 63; 91 63 64; 92 64
60; 93 65 67; 94 67 68; 95 68 69 96 69 70; 97 70 66; 98 47 53; 99 53 59; 100 59 65; 101 49 55; 102 55 61
103 61 67; 104 50 72; 105 56 62; 106 62 68; 107 51 57; 108 57 63 109 63 69; 110 52 58; 111 58 64; 112
64 70; 113 48 54; 114 54 60 115 60 66; 116 71 51; 117 72 56; 118 73 57; 119 71 73; 120 72 74 121 47 1;
122 53 7; 123 59 13; 124 49 3; 125 55 9; 126 61 15; 127 50 4 128 56 10; 129 62 16; 130 51 5; 131 57 11;
132 63 17; 133 52 6 134 58 12; 135 64 18; 136 48 2; 137 54 8; 138 60 14; 155 75 77 156 77 78; 157 78
99; 158 79 80; 159 80 76; 160 81 83; 161 83 84 162 84 101; 163 85 86; 164 86 82; 165 87 89; 166 89 90;
167 90 91 168 91 92; 169 92 88; 170 93 95; 171 95 96; 172 96 97; 173 97 98 174 98 94; 175 75 81; 176
81 87; 177 87 93; 178 77 83; 179 83 89 180 89 95; 181 78 100; 182 84 90; 183 90 96; 184 79 85; 185 85
91 186 91 97; 187 80 86; 188 86 92; 189 92 98; 190 76 82; 191 82 88 192 88 94; 193 99 79; 194 100 84;
195 101 85; 196 99 101; 197 100 102 198 75 47; 199 81 53; 200 87 59; 201 77 49; 202 83 55; 203 89 61
204 78 50; 205 84 56; 206 90 62; 207 79 51; 208 85 57; 209 91 63 210 80 52; 211 86 58; 212 92 64; 213
76 48; 214 82 54; 215 88 60 232 103 105; 233 105 106; 235 107 108; 236 108 104; 237 109 111 238 111
112; 240 113 114; 241 114 110; 242 115 117; 243 117 118 244 118 119; 245 119 120; 246 120 116; 247
121 123; 248 123 124 249 124 125; 250 125 126; 251 126 122; 252 103 109; 253 109 115 254 115 121;
255 105 111; 256 111 117; 257 117 123; 259 112 118 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 142 260 118 124; 261 107 113; 262 113 119; 263 119 125; 264
108 114 265 114 120; 266 120 126; 267 104 110; 268 110 116; 269 116 122 275 103 75; 276 109 81; 277
115 87; 278 105 77; 279 111 83; 280 117 89 281 106 78; 282 112 84; 283 118 90; 284 107 79; 285 113
85; 286 119 91 287 108 80; 288 114 86; 289 120 92; 290 104 76; 291 110 82; 292 116 88 308 106 112;
309 112 113; 310 106 107 ELEMENT INCIDENCES 62 9 7 13 15; 63 15 13 19 21; 64 10 9 15 16; 65 16 15
21 22 66 11 10 16 17; 67 17 16 22 23; 68 12 11 17 18; 69 18 17 23 24 70 8 12 18 14; 71 14 18 24 20; 72 3
1 7 9; 73 4 3 9 10; 74 6 5 11 12 75 2 6 12 8; 76 4 26 28 25; 77 25 27 11 5; 139 55 53 59 61 140 61 59 65
67; 141 56 55 61 62; 142 62 61 67 68; 143 57 56 62 63 144 63 62 68 69; 145 58 57 63 64; 146 64 63 69
70; 147 54 58 64 60 148 60 64 70 66; 149 49 47 53 55; 150 50 49 55 56; 151 52 51 57 58 152 48 52 58
54; 153 50 72 74 71; 154 71 73 57 51; 216 83 81 87 89 217 89 87 93 95; 218 84 83 89 90; 219 90 89 95
96; 220 85 84 90 91 221 91 90 96 97; 222 86 85 91 92; 223 92 91 97 98; 224 82 86 92 88 225 88 92 98
94; 226 77 75 81 83; 227 78 77 83 84; 228 80 79 85 86 229 76 80 86 82; 230 78 100 102 99; 231 99 101
85 79 293 111 109 115 117; 294 117 115 121 123; 295 112 111 117 118 296 118 117 123 124; 297 113
112 118 119; 298 119 118 124 125 299 114 113 119 120; 300 120 119 125 126; 301 110 114 120 116 302
116 120 126 122; 303 105 103 109 111; 304 106 105 111 112 305 108 107 113 114; 306 104 108 114
110; 307 107 106 112 113 START GROUP DEFINITION _B-1 43 120 197 _B-2 42 119 196 _B-3 16 20 93 97
170 174 _B-4 17 19 94 96 171 173 _B-5 18 95 172 _B-6 1 5 78 82 155 159 _B-7 2 4 79 81 156 158 _B-8 3
39 80 116 157 193 _B-9 6 10 83 87 160 164 _B-10 7 9 84 86 161 163 _B-11 8 41 85 118 162 195 _B-12 11
15 88 92 165 169 _B-13 12 14 89 91 166 168 _B-14 13 90 167 _B-15 22 37 99 114 176 191 _B-16 21 36
98 113 175 190 _B-17 25 34 102 111 179 188 _B-18 24 33 101 110 178 187 _B-19 28 31 105 108 182 185
_B-20 27 30 40 104 107 117 181 184 194 _CB-1 23 38 100 115 177 192 _CB-2 26 35 103 112 180 189
_CB-3 29 32 106 109 183 186 _RB-1 247 251 _RB-2 248 250 _RB-3 249 _RB-4 232 236 _RB-5 233 235
_RB-6 310 _RB-7 237 241 _RB-8 238 240 _RB-9 309 _RB-10 242 246 _RB-11 243 245 _RB-12 244 _RB-13
253 268 _RB-14 252 267 _RB-15 256 259 262 265 _RB-16 255 261 264 308 _RCB1 254 269 _RCB2 257
260 263 266 END Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 143 MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN _B-1 PRI YD .3 ZD .15 _B-2
PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _B-3 PRI YD .4 ZD .2 _B-4 PRI YD .4 ZD .2 _B-5 PRI YD .4 ZD .2 _B-6 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-7
PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-8 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-9 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-10 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-11 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-12 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-13 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-14 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _B-15 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _B-16 PRI YD
.5 ZD .25 _B-17 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _B-18 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _B-19 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _B-20 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_CB-1 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _CB-2 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _CB-3 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _RB-1 PRI YD .4 ZD .2 _RB-2 PRI YD
.4 ZD .2 _RB-3 PRI YD .4 ZD .2 _RB-4 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-5 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-6 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-7
PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-8 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-9 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-10 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-11 PRI YD .55
ZD .3 _RB-12 PRI YD .55 ZD .3 _RB-13 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _RB-14 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _RB-15 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RB-16 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _RCB1 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 _RCB2 PRI YD .5 ZD .25 44 TO 61 121 TO 138 198 TO 215
275 TO 292 PRI YD .45 ZD .45 ELEMENT PROPERTY 62 TO 77 139 TO 154 216 TO 231 293 TO 307
THICKNESS .15 CONSTANT E CONCRETE ALL DENSITY CONCRETE ALL POISSON CONCRETE ALL SUPPORT
29 TO 46 FIXED DEFINE UBC ACCIDENTAL LOAD ZONE .4 I 1.25 RWX 10. RWZ 10. S 1.5 SELFWEIGHT
MEMBER WEIGHT 78 TO 82 116 155 TO 159 193 UNI 10.3 83 TO 87 118 160 TO 164 195 UNI 15.3 88 TO
92 165 TO 169 UNI 7.5 98 99 113 114 175 176 190 191 UNI 11. 101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 117
178 179 181 182 184 185 187 188 - 194 UNI 16.7 100 103 106 109 112 115 177 180 183 186 189 192 UNI
5.3 232 233 235 236 310 UNI 8. 237 238 240 241 309 UNI 11.7 242 TO 246 UNI 7.2 247 TO 251 UNI 5.6
252 253 267 268 UNI 8.6 255 256 259 261 262 264 265 308 UNI 12.9 254 269 UNI 3.2 257 260 263 266
UNI 2.1 1 TO 5 39 UNI 11.3 6 TO 10 41 UNI 16.3 11 TO 15 UNI 7.5 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 144 16 TO 20 UNI 8.8 21 22 36 37 UNI 12. 24 25 27 28 30 31 33
34 40 UNI 17.7 23 26 29 32 35 38 UNI 6.3 LOAD 1 UBC ALONG X DIRECTION UBC LOAD X 1. LOAD 2 UBC
ALONG Z DIRECTION UBC LOAD Z 1. LOAD 3 DEAD LOAD SELFWEIGHT Y -1. MEMBER LOAD 78 TO 82 116
155 TO 159 193 UNI GY -10.3 83 TO 87 118 160 TO 164 195 UNI GY -15.3 88 TO 92 165 TO 169 UNI GY -
7.5 98 99 113 114 175 176 190 191 UNI GY -11. 101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 117 178 179 181 182
184 185 187 188 - 194 UNI GY -16.7 100 103 106 109 112 115 177 180 183 186 189 192 UNI GY -5.3 232
233 235 236 310 UNI GY -8. 237 238 240 241 309 UNI GY -11.7 242 TO 246 UNI GY -7.2 247 TO 251 UNI
GY -5.6 252 253 267 268 UNI GY -8.6 255 256 259 261 262 264 265 308 UNI GY -12.9 254 269 UNI GY -
3.2 257 260 263 266 UNI GY -2.1 1 TO 5 39 UNI GY -11.3 6 TO 10 41 UNI GY -16.3 11 TO 15 UNI GY -7.5
16 TO 20 UNI GY -8.8 21 22 36 37 UNI GY -12. 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 40 UNI GY -17.7 23 26 29 32 35 38
UNI GY -6.3 LOAD 4 LIVE LOAD FLOOR LOAD YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5 YR 4. 4. FLOAD -4.8
XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5 YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5 YR 4. 4. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5 YR 4.
4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15. YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5 YR 7. 7. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5
ZR 0. 4.5 YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5 YR 7. 7. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5 YR 7. 7. FLOAD -
2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15. YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5 YR 10. 10. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0.
4.5 YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5 YR 10. 10. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5 YR 10. 10. FLOAD
-2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15. YR 13. 13. FLOAD -2. XR 0. 30. ZR 0. 15. AREA LOAD 30 42 107 119 184 196
ALOAD -4.8 11 TO 20 88 TO 97 165 TO 174 ALOAD -2.4 242 TO 251 ALOAD -2. LOAD COMB 5 1.4DL +
1.7LL 3 1.4 4 1.7 LOAD COMB 6 .75( 1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.87UBCX) 1 1.402 3 1.05 4 1.275 LOAD COMB 7 .9DL
+ 1.43UBCX 1 1.43 3 .9 LOAD COMB 8 .75( 1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.87UBCZ) 2 1.402 3 1.05 4 1.275 LOAD COMB
9 .9DL + 1.43UBCZ 2 1.43 3 .9 Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 145 PERFORM ANALYSIS LOAD LIST 5 TO 9 START CONCRETE
DESIGN CODE ACI FYMAIN 2.76E5 ALL FYSEC 2.76E5 MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235
TO 238 - 240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310 FC 27600. ALL MINMAIN 25. MEMB 1 TO 61 78
TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 - 240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310 MAXMAIN 25.
MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 - 240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO
310 DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 43 78 TO 120 155 TO 197 232 233 235 TO 238 - 240 TO 257 259 TO 269 308 TO
310 DESIGN COLUMN 21 TO 38 40 44 TO 61 98 TO 115 117 121 TO 138 - 175 TO 192 194 198 TO 215 252
TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 DESIGN ELEMENT 62 TO 77 139 TO 154 216 TO 231 293 TO 307
CONCRETE TAKE OFF END CONCRETE DESIGN PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS FINISH Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 146 Description of Output for Beam Design 1) LEVEL Serial
number of bar level which may contain one or more bar group 2) HEIGHT Height of bar level from the
bottom of the beam. 3) BAR INFO Reinforcement bar information specifying number of bars and bar size
4) FROM Distance from the start of the beam to the start of the reinforce ment bar 5) TO Distance from
the start of the beam to th end of the reinforcement bar 6) ANCHORStates whether anchorage either a
hook or continuation, is needed at start (STA) or at the end. 7) ROW Actually required flexural
reinforcement (As/bd) where b=width of cross section (ZD for rectangular and square section) and
d=effective depth of cross section (YD - distance from extreme tension fiber to the c.g. of main
reinforcement) 8) ROWMN Mininum required flexural reinforcement (Amin/bd) 9) ROWMX Maximum
allowable flexural reinforcement (Amax/bd) 10) SPACING Distance between centers of adjacent hars for
main reinforcement 11) Vu Factored shear force at section 12) Vc Nominal shear strength provided by
concrete 13) Vs Nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement 14) Tu Factored torsional
moment at section 15) Tc Nominal torsional moment strength provided by concrete 16) Ts Nominal
torsional moment strength provided by torsion reinforcement (STA/END) Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 147 Sample Print of Analysis(Beam Design) Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 148 Description of Output for Column Design The column
interaction values may be obtained by using the design parameter TRACK 1.0 or TRACK 2.0 for the
column member. If a value of 2.0 is used for TRACK parameter, 12 different Pn-Mn pairs, each
representing a different point on the Pn-Mn curve are printed. Each of these points represents one of
the several Pn-Mn combinations that this column is capable of carrying about the given axis, for the
actual reinforcement that the column has been design for. In case the circular columnsm, the values are
for any of the radial axes. The values printed for the TRACK 1.0 output are: 1) PO Maximum purely axial
load carrying capacity of the column(zero moment) 2) Pnmax Maximum allowable axial load on the
column 3) P-bal Axial load capacity at balanced strain condition 4) M-bal Uniaxial moment capacity at
balanced strain condition 5) e-bal M-bal / P-bal = Eccentricity at balanced strain condition 6) P-tens
Maximum permissible tensile load on the column 7) Des.Pn Pu /PHI where PHI is the Strength Reduction
Factor and Pu is the axial load for the critical load case. 8) Des.Mn Mu*MMAG/PHI where PHI is the
Strength Reduction Factor and Mu is the bending moment for the appropriate axis for the critical load
case. For circular columns, Mu = e M2 uy + M2 uz 9) e/h (Mn/Pn)/h where h is the length of the column
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 149 Sample Print Analysis of Column Design Using Graphical
User Interface Note: Just double click the member and the dialog box will appear similar as shown
above. Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 150 Sample Print Analysis of Footing Design Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 151 The STAAD/Pro Toolbars File Toolbar New Structure Open
Structure Close Structure Save Copy Cut Paste Undo STAAD Editor STARDYNE Output STAAD Output
Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option New Structure Open Structure Close Structure
Save Copy Cut Opens a new structure file Opens an existing structure file Closes the current structure
file Saves the current structure file Copy selected objects to the clipboard File | New File | Open File |
Close File | Save Cut(delete and copy) selected objects to the clipboard Edit | Copy Edit | Cut Paste
Paste objects from the clipboard Edit | Paste Undo Undo the last action Edit | Undo STAAD Editor Opens
the STAAD Editor with the current Command File Edit | Edit Command File STAAD Output View STAAD
Output File File | View | Output File | STAAD Output STARDYNE Output View STARDYNE Output File File
| View | Output File | STARDYNE Output Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 152 Print Toolbar Print Print Preview Print Report Take Picture
Print Current View Print Preview Current View Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option
Print Prints the current report created using the Report Setup option File | Print | Report Print Preview
Previews the current report created using the Report Setup option File | Print | Preview Report Report
Setup Offers facilities to set up the contents of customized report File | Report Setup Take Picture Takes
picture of the current graphics window. The picture may be included later in the customized reports Edit
| Take Picture Print Current View To print the current view of the structure Print Current To print the
current preview of the structure Rotate Toolbar Front View Side View Plan View Isometric View Rotate
Up Rotate Down Rotate Left Rotate Left Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Front
View Displays the structure in corresponding view. Rotates the relative position of the eye with respect
to the structure. Using arrow keys in the keyboard has the same effect View | Orientation, menu option
allows to specicy the relative position of eye w/ respect to the structure Side View Plan View Isometric
View View | Orientation Rotate Up Rotate Down Rotate Left Rotate Right Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 153 View Toolbar Dynamic Zoom Zoom All Zoom In Zoom Out
Zoom Factor Zoom Window Zoom Previous Pan Active Load Toolbar icon Function Corresponding
Menu/Page option Dynamic Zoom Zooms in the selected portion of the structure in a new view window.
View | Zoom | Dynamic Zoom Zoom All Displays the entire structure within the bounds of the viewing
area. Zoom In Zoom Out Zooms out of the structure by a fixed percentage. View | Zoom | Zoom All
Zooms in the structure by a fixed percentage. View | Zoom | Zoom In View | Zoom | Zoom Out Zoom
Factor Zooms in or out of the structure by specifying a magnification factor View | Zoom | Zoom Factor
Zoom Window Zooms in the selected portion of the structure in the current view window View | Zoom |
Zoom Window Pan Moves the structure in the current view View | Pan Active Load Scrollbox for
selecting the active loadcase for which results are displayed Results | Select Load Case Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 154 Mode Toolbar Tables Input Units Cut Section Symbols &
Labels Loads Dimension Info Scale Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Tables
Allows user to select which tables appear on screen View | Tables Input Units Sets the Units of length
and force Cut Section Symbols & Labels Turns on/off display of Beam/Node Labels, Support icons, etc.
Tools | Set Current Unit Cuts cross-section of the structure Tools | Cut Section View | Customize View,
Label tab Load Switches to the General | Load Page General | Load Page Dimension Displays dimension
of the members in the structure Tools | Dimension Info Displays general information about the structure
Setup | Job Page, More button Scale Adjusts scales for different items such as Displacement, Loads, etc.
View | Customize View, Scales tab Modelling Post Processing Piping Page Control Structure Toolbar
Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Modelling Switches to Modelling Mode Mode |
Modeling Post Processing Switches to Post-Processing Mode Piping Page Control Turns Page Control
on/off Mode | Post Modeling Switches to Piping Mode Mode | Piping Mode | Page Control Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 155 Results Toolbar Axial Force Shear Y Force Shear Z Force
Torsion Bending Y Moment Bending Z Moment Beam Stress Plate Stress Solid Stress Deflection Mode
Shape Animate Results Shape Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Axial Force
Displays Axial Force diagrams on the structure View | Customize View, Loads and Results tab Shear Y
Force Displays Shear Force Y diagrams on the structure Shear Z Force Torsion Bending Y Moment
Displays Bending Moment Y diagrams on the structure Results | Bending Moment Beam Stress Displays
Beam Stresses diagram on the structure Plate Stress Displays Plate Stress contours on the structure View
| Customize View, Loads and Results tab Displays Shear Force Z diagrams on the structure View |
Customize View, Loads and Results tab Displays Torsion diagrams on the structure View | Customize
View, Loads and Results tab View | Customize View, Loads and Results tab Bending Z Moment Displays
Bending Moment Z diagrams on the structure Results | Beam Stress Results | Plate Stress Contour Solid
Stress Deflection Displays the Deflected Shape on the structure Results | Mode Shape Displacement
Animate Animates the Deflection or Mode Shapes Results Setup Brings up the Results Setup dialog box
for changing Load Case, Range, etc., for viewing output Displays Solid Stress contours on the structure
Results | Solid Stress Contour Results | Deflection Mode Shapes Displays Mode Shapes on the structure
Results | Animation None Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 156 Selection Toolbar Node Cursor Beams Cursor Plates Cursor
Solid Cursor Geometry Cursor Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Nodes Cursor
Allows nodes to be selected Select | Nodes Cursor Beam Cursor Allows beams to be selected Solid
Cursor Geometry Cursor Allows any geometry to be selected Allows solids to be selected Select | Solid
Cursor Select | Geometry Cursor Select | Beams Cursor Plates Cursor Allows plates to be selected Select
| Plates Cursor Geometry Toolbar Add Beams Add 3-Noded Plates Add 4-Noded Plates Snap Node /
Beam Snap Node / Plate Add Solids Insert Node Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option
Add Beams Allows beams to be added between existing nodes Geometry | Add Beam Add 3-Noded
Plates Allows triangular plates to be added between existing nodes Snap Node / Beam Allows beams to
be created by snapping node-to-node Geometry | Snap Grid/Node | Beam Add 4-Noded Plates
Geometry | Add Plate | Triangle Allows quadrilateral plates to be added between existing nodes
Geometry | Add Plate | Quad Add Solids Allows solid to be added between existing nodes Geometry |
Add Solid Snap Node / Plate Allows plates to be created by snapping node-to-node Geometry | Snap
Grid/Node | Plate Insert Node Inserts a node into a beam/plate/solid Geometry | Insert Node Ground
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 157 Generate Toolbar Translational Repeat Circular Repeat
Mirror Move Selection Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Translational Repeat
Copies (or repeats) selected portions of the structure a specified number of times at specified linear
displacements Geometry | Translational Repeat Circular Repeat Copies (or repeats) selected portions of
the structure a specified number of times at specified circular displacements Geometry | Circular Repeat
Mirror Mirrors selected portions of the structure about a given axis Geometry | Mirror Property Page
Moves selected members a specified distance Geometry | Move Structure Tools Toolbar Property Page
Support Page Specification Page Load Page Function Corresponding Menu/Page option Brings up the
General | Property Page General | Property Toolbar icon Support Page Brings up the General | Support
Page General | Support Specification Page Brings up the General | Spec Page General | Spec Load Page
Brings up the General | Load Page General |Load Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 158 IBM/PC or PC compatible. Intel Micro-processor COMPUTER
HARDWARE (Parts and History) A. Systems Unit A box shape part of computer containing the computer’s
CPU (Central Processing Unit), motherboard, interface cards, simm rams, data storage device & drives.
The most popular models is Pentium III. The PC AT's were obsolete models and were popular day the
80's. Electronic Data Processing (EDP) Hardware - refers to the computer itself and peripherals Software
- refers to program and data Peopleware - refers to the user / operator Development of IBM-PC /
compatible computers I. 80286 model - a clone of IBM's AT which was based on Inte 80286
microprocessor and can address 16 MB of memory, but it was always operated with PC or MS DOS
(obsolete). II.80386 Model - a computer built around a 80386 microprocessor. It uses the same bus
(internal communications system) as an 80286 machine. An 80386 CPU, due to hardware design, limits
physical memory to 16 MB. a. 80386-Sx b. 80386-Dx III. 80486 model - a computer built around an
80486 microprocessor. Data transfer was 32 bits per cycle, it had a built-in math-coprocessor and can
accomodate 8MB cache. An 80486 can address 64 MB of physical memory (obsolete). a 80486 Dlc no
math-co b. 80486-Sx no math-co c. 80486-Dx built-in math-co d. 80486-Dx2 built-in math-co IV Pentium
450 MHZ to 1 GHz, latest PIII has 512k 2 level cache. It has an Intel speed step technology. which allows
faster internet communication & amazing 3D display & animation.The PIII -1GHz is equipped with an
advance 0.18 micron processor. CPU clock Expansion slots for I/O devices Main processor Memory
Cache SIMM RAMS EDP Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 159 mouse Track ball Stylus pen Cursor (puck) Digitizer with
stylus pen and cursor (puck) 4. JOYSTICK - Popular for playing computer games. It can be moved in
several directions. 5. TOUCH SCREENS - Works by merely pointing your finger at something on the
screen. They work well for pictorial images, but not for text. 6. LIGHTPENS- Pen shaped devices used to
point objects & menus on screen. Used in CAD systems. 7. TOUCHPADS - Most common device in a
laptop PC computers. It can be also seen in commercial uses like in automatic banking machines,
appliances, and as key replacement for traditional cash register keys. 8. BARCODE SCANNERS - used to
scan UPC codes to enter and automatically print out item names & prices. They can also be used for
inventory tracking systems and for education. 9. SCANNERS - Digitize image(photograph) into a bitmap
file. For converting drawings into raster file. Scanners come in different sizes, from a hand scanner to an
E-size equipment. Raster file from scanned manually drafted drawings must converted into a vector file
(using software like Draftsman) to be accepted within a CAD program. 10. VOICE INPUT -Works for a
single user systems, and for applications with a limited vocabulary. B. Input Devices 1. KEYBOARD - It is a
primary input device for every computer. Used for entering commands and texts, although this medium
of data entry is limiting to a non typist user. 2. MICE - small square devices with a cord connecting to the
computer which use the table top to point to various objects and menus on the screen. They are
functional for computer-aided design, free-form drawing, setting margins and tabs in word processing.
3. DIGITIZER- Tablets used in combination w/ a puck, light pen or stylus. Great for computer-aided
design and engineering. full bed scanner EDP Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon
City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 160 Super vga video display C. Output Devices 1. MONITORS 9"
to 21" size, considerations when buying a monitor are resolution, dot pitch, plug & play capability &
manufacrurer. Development of Display Adapters: -MDA, Monochrome Display Adapter - introduced in
1981, IBM’s origi nal display standard offering 720 x 348 at 18.1 KHz with one color. It was a text based
video standard and not designed to generate graphics. (obsolete) -CGA, Color Graphics Adapter - Also
introduced in 1981, it was the simplest and first color video standard available. It offered a resolution of
640 x 200 (monochrome) and 320 x 240 (color graphics) at 15.75 KHz. (obsolete) -Hercules Graphics
Adapter - monochrome video standard, similar to IBM’s MDA; however, it was designed to display
graphics at a resolution of 720 x 348 with a horizontal scan rate of 18.43. It was introduced in 1982.
(obsolete) -PGA, Professional Graphics Adapter - first attempt of high resolution graphics. It offered 840
x 350 resolution at 32.5 KHz and a display of 256 simultaneous colors.(obsolete) -EGA, Enchanced
Graphics Adapter - 640 x 350 resolution at 21.85 KHz. introduced in 1984, it offered 16 colors from a
pallete of 64. (obsolete) -MCGA, Multi Color Graphics Array - the low-end product for PS/2 family, 1987.
It offered 320 x 200 resolution with 256 colors or 640 x 480 resolu tion with two colors. (obsolete) -VGA,
Video Graphics Array - introduced in 1987, and formed as an integral part of PS/2 line. It offered a high
resolution up to 640 x 480 at 31.50KHz and can display uo to 256 colors (obsolete). -SVGA, Super VGA -
an extended implementation of VGA. It offers 800 x 600 resolution and up to 1600 x 1280 res. in either
16, 256, 16bit, 24 bit and up to true colors at 50 to 90KHz and 0.28 Dot pitch. EDP Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 161 Printing Hardware Devices 1. Dot Matrix Printers - form
letters out of a combination of dots. They are faster and less expensive than other type of printers. Uses
ribbons for ink-source 2. Laser Printers - offers a superb print quality, equal to typesetting, and a wide
variety of font types & sizes. Laser printer are fast but quite expensive. Uses powder toner for ink-
source. 3. Inkjet - Good print quality, cheaper than laser printers. Uses liquid toner for inksource 3.
Plotters Sizes ranges from A to E dimensions. Prints using different paper media, pen types and colors.
They are essential for CAD. Types of plotters are: -Large Format Inkjet Plotters - It is the cheapest and
widely used Large Format Plotter for CAD & poster output. It uses CMYK liquid toner, dye-based (for
indoor) or pigmented (for outdoor - 6 months maximum.) -Large Format Laser Printers - up to E-size
output, and may pro duce hi-resolution color/mono prints. Pen Plotters -either Drum type (roller beds)
or XY type (flatbed). Pen plotters had to 20 or more pens (ink pen/lead pen), though most software
restricted the number to eight. Sizes ranges from A to E (obsolete). -Thermal Plotters - no pens, no
toners, and no noise. Thermals ranges from A to E; With resolutions up to 400 dpi and plots 10x faster
than pen plotters. Thermal plotters use a special media. -Electrostatic Plotter - process begins as the
plotter electrically charges a special media, attaches toner to that charge,removes excess toner, then
dries the plot. Vector images (line) are converted first into raster (dot) image before processing begins.
Resolutions range from 200 dpi to 400 dpi, and most are D-E sizes (for outdoor display). Flatbed pen
plotter HP Laser printer Inkjet plotter Flatbed pen plotter EDP Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 162 1. RAM (Random Access Memory) - is a primary storage
media, a chips where installed in your PC board SIMM RAM (Single In-line Memory Module) measured in
bytes. All data are temporary stored in this media and transfer later on a secondary storage media like
floppy disk, hard disk or any medium where you can store and can be retrieve your data. 2. Floppy Disk -
Floppy disks come in two sizes. 5-1/4"(360K & 1.2 Mb obsolete.) and 3-1/2" (720K & 1.44 Mb.) Floppy
disks are made of polyurethane or Mylar and are covered with iron oxide. Floppy disk is housed with a
protective flexible plastic jacket. It has a center hole (main shaft), a small hole (index), a head slot
(read/write) and a small square notch (write-protect notch). It spins at a rate of 300 rpm inside a disk
drive. The magnetic polarity of the disk recording surface allows binary-encoded data (1's & 0's) to be
stored. Disk drive read/write heads read data stored on the disk (floppy or hard) by determining the
polarity of the magnetic fields at each point on the disk. Read/write heads store data on the disk by
emitting magnetic pulses that change the polarity of magnetic fields. 360KB drives cannot format, read
from, or write to a 1.2Mb floppy disk. However, high capacity disk drives can be used to format a 360 KB
disk. 3.Hard Disk - A fixed disk drive installed inside your CPU or removable type. It offers a capacity of
4.3 - 8.4 (common size) to 21 gb. It stores and retrieves data much faster than floppy disk drive. The AT
Hard Disk perform twice faster than XT’s Hard Disk. Hard Disk is ideal for applications involving large
amount of data and softwares. Hard disk consists of aluminum platters that are coated with iron oxide.
It rotates at 3600 rpm, to be stored on the disk’s surface. 4.3 GB Hard Disk Multi-IO card/ Hard disk
controller 4.Magnetic Tape - good as back-up storage of large data. It comes with a special drive, and
access to data is usually sequential. Tape drive CD ROM 5. Compact Disk (CDROM) CD ROM with CD
ROM drive Data Storage Anything where electronic data can be stored. EDP Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 163 SOFTWARES A. Application Softwares Softwares used to
solve some need of the user. They can either be purchased or custom written in programming languages
(see programming languages for det.). The following are main types of purchased softwares available in
the market today 1. WORD PROCESSING Designed to replace function ordinarily performed on a type
writer or manually; MS Word is an example of a popular word processing software today. 2.
SPREADSHEET / ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE Used for applications otherwise performed with a pencil,
calculator and accounting worksheet; Useful for budgeting, accounts payable/receivables, cash flow
analysis. Microsoft Excel is a popular spreadsheet package today. 3. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND
DRAFTING Used for design and drafting program of architectural, and engineering drawing. Popular
software are AutoCAD, Intergraph, Draw Base, etc. 4. DATABASE Used for organizing and presenting
data in several manners, depending in purpose. Database manage ment software packages includes
Microsoft Access, dBASE & FoxPRO. 5. PAINT PROGRAM Used to print/retouch photograph images;
unlike CAD, most paint programs are for freehand Drawings; lesser in dimensional accuracy. Popular
softwares are Corel Photo Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Fractal Deigns and PC Paintbrush 6. DESKTOP
PUBLISHING SOFTWARE Unlike a wordprocessor software, it provides a variety of fonts and is designed
for page layouting. Desk top software are efficient alternative to manual typesetting in several cases.
Popular softwares include PageMaker, CorelDraw & Microsoft Publisher. EDP Ground Floor, Carpark
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 164 7. INTEGRATED SOFTWARE A group of softwares performing
several functions such as as word processing, spreadsheet calculation, presentation database
management, graphics and data communication. Popular software includes MS Office. 8. EDUCATIONAL
SOFTWARE Used in schools and Institution to enhance teaching of basic skills to students such as
reading, math, spelling, geography, biology and history. B. Operating System Programs Translate
commands typed in by user into computer understable terms (bits & bytes). The 3 main PC system
programs are CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessor), MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System),
Microsft Windows 98 / 99 / NT & PC-DOS (Personal Computer Disk Operating System). C. Network
Software Network Software and Hardware allow user to conduct and interchange information from PC
to another PC computers. A Typical consists of a PC computers (Pentuim or Higher processor type) as a
host computer with up to 72 PC’S attached. Cost advantages to a network include shared software and
printers, and less expensive terminals than a stand alone system. Popular software are Windows NT,
Novell and 3-Com. D. Communication Software Used to share information between PC and a Mainframe
or Minicomputer and Access “Public Bulletin Board” and “World Wide Web” for information such as
stock reports, reservation, etc. Popular software includes Relay, smartcon, Crosstalk and Gateway. E.
Programming Languages Used for communication directions to the computer. A programmer does not
normal write program in machine language but instead write them in a source language which will
translated into a machine language for execution on the computer upon loading. Popular programming
languages include Assembler, BASIC, C/ C++, dBASE and Pascal. EDP Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 165 Using Microsoft Windows 95 Hardware Requirements
Processor Type - IBM PC / Compatible 80486, Pentium (recommended) Memory - 8MB or greater Hard
Drive - 150MB or greater CD ROM Drive - optional Video Display - Super VGA Pointing Device - Mouse
Windows 95 is an operating system run on most IBM PC or compatible. Windows 95 is much easier and
faster than previous operating systems used by an IBM PC (DOS). Microsoft Windows 95 Screen
(Desktop) Here is a typical look of a Windows 95 desktop screen everytime you start Windows 95 or
depending on how your computer was set up. Start Button- To start installed programs, open document,
change system settings, find files, and exploring windows 95. Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 166 Navigating Windows 95 using a mouse(Pointing Device) As
you move your mouse on a flat surface, your pointer moves on your screen. On the principles that first
you place your mouse pointer on (point to) something on your screen, and then click with a mouse
button to perform action on that item. Right Click : Press and release the right button once to show
shortcut menu. Double Click : Quickly press and release the left mouse button twice Click : Press and
release the left mouse once To point, move the mouse until the tip of the pointer is over the item or are
you want to point to. then you can do the following: Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 167 Accessing files and folders My Computer You can use My
Computer to quickly and easily see everything on your computer. Double-click the My Computer icon on
the desktop to browse through your files and folders. To prepare a new disk to a readable media. note :
entire contents of this disk may lost To copy / duplicate the entire contents to another media or disk To
find specific files or folder To list all files and folders to all local drives To list Contents of a disk Exploring
Local Drives: To get available amount and remaining disk space. Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 168 Files : A file is a collection of related data items. It is the
basic unit of data storage Exploring Files and Folders / Sub-Directories : - In Windows Explorer, you can
see both the hierarchy of folders on your computer and all the files and folders in each selected folder.
This is especially useful for copying and moving files. You can open the folder that contains the file you
want to move or copy, and then drag it to the folder you want to put it in. Windows Ground Floor,
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 169 Folders / Sub-Directory: Your documents and programs are
stored in folders, which you can see in My Computer and Windows Explorer. In previous versions of
Windows and DOS, folders were called directories. opening a folder or a file can be performed by double
clicking. Opening a file or folder - point and click on a specific folder, then use right button of a mouse.
Then select open on selection menu. Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 170 Scroll bar End task/ window Maximize Minimize Status bar
No. of files on current folder. Title bar Menu Bar Scroll arrow Changing View - At menu bar select View
Navigating Active Window Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 171 Creating New Folder : Note : Use right click on current
desktop (active window). do not point any files or folder. Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 172 Copying, Deleting and Renaming a file or Folder : Send To -
To create a duplicate data and send it to floppy disk. Copy - to copy a files or a folder to send it to
another folder or to another media (disk). Select any files you want to copy then use right click of a
mouse then select Copy. Select Cut if you want to transfer files. hint : you can select a multiple files to
copy while holding CTRL key. Now, open any folder or drive where you want to put selected files(s) to
copy. Use right click then select Paste. Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA,
Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 173 Rename - simple as to change file name or a folder name.
old name new name hint : holding CRTL key can be use to select multiple files to delete. Delete - to
erase a selected file(s) or folder and send it to trashcan Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 174 Formatting a New Disk : Format options : Disk Capacity -
Specifies how much data disk can hold. To select capacity, click down arrow, and then click an option on
list Format type : Quick - Removes all files from the disk but doesn't scan for bad sectors. The quick
format option will only work on disks that have previously been formated. Full - prepare a disk that can
store information (data) Formatting will remove all files and it will scanned for bad sectors after it is
formatted. System - Copies system files that you can use in your startup drive (A: or C: on common
computer). You can start your computer by using that Disk Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 175 When you want to view or change information about any
item, such as a document, program, folder, disk drive, or printer, you can look at its properties. Use the
right mouse button to click the item, and then click Properties on the menu. Disk / Files Utilities
Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 176 Using control panel to control the way Windows looks and
works. Double click the icon that represents the settings you want to change Control Panel : Windows
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 177 It will allow you to define the number of pallete, where you
can select from 16, 256, 16 bit or even up to 32bit (true colors). Settings may vary depending on
hardware installed on your computer(Video Adapter and Video display type). Used to change the
appearance of many screen elements. The screen elements in each scheme are diffrent colors, sizes, and
formats. A screen saver displays moving images, which prevent damage to your screen. The screen saver
starts automatically if computer is idle for a specified amount of time. A bitmap image(*.BMP) is
required with this option, to allows you to change desktop background(Wall paper). Changing video
display : Windows Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
Makati City
484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 178 Pointing device properties Windows Ground Floor, Carpark
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 179 Adding New local printers Windows Ground Floor, Carpark
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484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273 Page 180 Ending Session Shut down the computer -This prepares your
computer to be turned off, and saves any Windows setting that had been changed and writes any
information that is currently stored in memory to your hard disk. Restart the computer - Saves any
Windows setting that had been changed and writes any information that is currently stored in memory
to your hard disk, then restart your computer. Restart the computer in MS-DOS MODE - Starts your
computer in typical MS-DOS mode to run programs, such as MS-DOS games, that will not run under
Windows. When you are finished using MS-DOS mode type exit or win to return to Windows. Ground
Makati City
http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com AutoCAD 2000 Windows Checklist for
STAAD.Pro Saturday 12:00 - 8:00 pm Name of Teacher : ________________ Date Started :
________________ No. of students : ________________ Date to End : ________________
Branch/Room : ________________ Folder name : ________________ DAY 1 Date:
__________________ EDP / Windows / Overview of STAAD / Menu Organization Command Formats /
Type of Structures / Unit Systems Structure Geometry & Coordinate System / Joint Coordinates Member
Incidences Exercise : Modeling of Howe truss DAY 2 Date: __________________ Editing of Structure
Geometry / Group Definitions / Member Properties Constants / Supports / Loadings / Design
Parameters & Commands Analysis / Interpretation of Result (Steel) DAY 3 Date: __________________
Modeling of 4-storey bldg. /Group Definitions/ Member Properties Element Thickness /Constants /
Member Specification Support Specification DAY 4 Date: __________________ Con’t 4-storey - Loadings
/ UBC / Analysis / Design Parameters Design commands (beams, columns, & footings) / Run Analysis
Interpretation of Results Checklist for STAAD.Pro Saturday 1:00 - 7:00 pm Name of Teacher :
________________ Date Started : ________________ No. of students : ________________ Date to End
: ________________ Branch/Room : ________________ Folder name : ________________ DAY 1 Date:
Incidences Exercise : Modeling of Howe truss DAY 2 Date: __________________ Con’t Structure
Modeling / Editing of Structure Geometry Group Definitions / Member Properties/Constants / Supports
/ Loadings Design Parameters & Commands / Analysis DAY 3 Date: __________________ Interpretation
of Result (Steel) Modeling of 4-storey bldg. / Member Properties DAY 4 Date: __________________
Group Definition / Element Thickness / Constants / Member Specification Support Specification /
Loadings Sunday 1:00 - 7:00 pm DAY 5 Date: __________________ UBC / Analysis / Design Parameters
Design commands (beams, columns, & footings) DAY 6 Date: __________________ Run Analysis
Interpretation of Results Checklist for STAAD.Pro T - Th 1:00 - 5:00 pm Name of Teacher :
________________ Date Started : ________________ No. of students : ________________ Date to End
: ________________ Branch/Room : ________________ Folder name : ________________ DAY 1 Date:
Incidences Exercise : Modeling of Howe truss(introduction) DAY 2 Date: __________________ Con’t
Structure Modeling / Editing of Structure Geometry Group Definitions / Member Properties/Constants /
Supports DAY 4 Date: __________________ Modeling of 4-storey bldg / Member Properties / Group
Definition Element Thickness / Constants Sunday 8:30 - 12:30 pm DAY 5 Date: __________________
Member Specification / Support Specification / Loadings DAY 6 Date: __________________ UBC /
Analysis Design Parameters DAY 8 Date: __________________ Run Analysis Interpretation of Results
DAY 7 Date: __________________ Design commands (beams, columns, & footings) DAY 3 Date:
__________________ Loadings /Design Parameters & Commands / Analysis Interpretation of Result
(Steel) Checklist for STAAD.Pro T - Th 6:00 - 9:00 pm Name of Teacher : ________________ Date Started
: ________________ No. of students : ________________ Date to End : ________________
Branch/Room : ________________ Folder name : ________________ DAY 1 Date:
__________________ EDP / Windows DAY 4 Date: __________________ Editing of Structure Geometry
Group Definitions / Member Properties DAY 9 Date: __________________ Support Specification /
Loadings DAY 6 Date: __________________ Loadings /Design Parameters & Commands / Analysis
Interpretation of Result (Steel) DAY 2 Date: __________________ Overview of STAAD / Menu
Organization Command Formats / Type of Structures / Unit Systems Structure Geometry & Coordinate
System / Joint Coordinates Member Incidences DAY 3 Date: __________________ Modeling of Howe
truss DAY 5 Date: __________________ Constants / Supports / Loadings DAY 7 Date:
__________________ Modeling of 4-storey bldg / Member Properties /Group Definition DAY 8 Date:
__________________ Element Thickness / Constants / Member Specification DAY 10 Date:
__________________ UBC / Analysis Design Parameters DAY 11 Date: __________________ Design
commands (beams, columns, & footings) / Run Analysis Interpretation of Results

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