Representation Theories
How is it not
Stuart Hall (Representation
& Stereotyping)
David Gauntlett (Identity)
Van Zoonen (Feminist
Theory)
Theory Explained
Representation is the process of creating meaning; whilst producers may try to
fix meanings, audiences can resist this.
The idea that stereotyping, as a form of representation, reduces people to a few
simple characteristics or traits
The idea that stereotyping tends to occur where there are inequalities of power,
as subordinate or excluded groups are constructed as different or ‘other’ (e.g.
through ethnocentrism).
Goes against the theory as Eleven and the boys are arguably the most powerful-
goes again ‘stereotypes assert power’ as we are positioned to follow the
outcasts not the bullies, Nancy not Steve and El who is a countertype.
Media representations portray a wide range of different and contradictory
messages about identity, which can be used by audiences to think through their
own identities.
Identities including gender and sexuality are now seen as less fixed than they
were in the past.
Online media allow people to express and explore their identities.
Women are often objectified (viewed as sexual objects) in media
representations.
Van Zoonen emphasises the importance of gender being seen as socially and
culturally constructed, as a result gender can vary depending on cultural and
historical contexts.
Gender is expressed in a diverse range of ways on the internet.
Stranger Things (how is it relevant? How is it
not relevant?)
Stereotypes are used to assert power as Dr Brenner is a
stereotypical powerful male shown through his physical
appearance representing dominance (black suit, silvered
slick back hair- well-kept).
Patriarchal white male dominance- stereotypical.
Particularly during the 1980s.
Absence of gay characters and females in social power
(Eleven being hunted). May reference the 1980s time
period.
Against: Eleven is the only character with super powers;
goes against stereotypes- particularly in genre. Joyce
breaks stereotypes- pushes Hopper.
Eleven shows diversity through her appearance. She is an
enigma in relation to her gender. Shaven head, neutral
coloured hospital gown, orange top. No reference to
gender. Referred to as a boy by Benny. The word ‘Eleven’
has no gender indications.
Reference to homosexuality by Joyce whispers “fag” to
Hopper- shows taboo of homosexuality in 80s- implies he
is bullied.
Against: due to set in 1980s, less diversity is shown
(tokenism) this is against as it is on Netflix (online media)
so it should so more diversity. Homosexuality is against
theory too.
Nancy is sexualised in bed when Steve comes to her room.
He tries to unbutton her top. She is a stereotypical female
role. Steve views Nancy as a sexual object that he
oppresses her (forceful- kissing in the toilets and breaking
into her room when she told him not to).
Against: may encourage audience to support her as she
rejects Steve to enable character development. Could fit
with Steve in Season 2 also.
Joyce is meant to be a powerful role- arguably a lack of
respect if she was sexualised.
Children (Eleven) – cannot be sexualised
The Killing (how is it relevant?
relevant?)
Young female victim- stereotypical
Patriarchal male dominant society- Jan Meyer doubts
Sarah Lund (told her not to look anymore- she continues
which leads to finding Nanna in the lake)
Theis looks for daughter whilst Penille stays at home
helplessly (shown in the kitchen through cross cutting)
Against: Female lead detective- breaks stereotypes as the
most powerful. As a mother she neglects her son- the car
scene when she gets his sports team’s name wrong.
Workaholic- could arguably fit with more progressive
stereotypes.
Turkish Shop Keeper- tokenism (ethnicity)
Female lead character (most important- post-modern)
Racism is shown as a fault- unacceptable.
Against: reflects Danish culture- lack of diversity in
ethnicity
Patriarchal society- lack of female characters
No reference to any other sexuality
This could be as it is on a PSB channel, older/mature
audiences so stick to stereotypes. Also regulation could
restrict creative content. Low budget could restrict
diversity also.
Sarah’s first scene low angle shot of her hugging her
partner (knickers are shown and only wearing a long shirt)
Nanna wears white night dress, strap is often down to
show sexualised.
Nanna is naked in the back of the boot- oppressed by men
(linked to Troels Hartmann)
Nudity is shown by Nanna’s look alike in Oliver’s bed.
Implies oppression as he has left her to play video games-
used for sexual pleasure.
Against: Sarah Lund most powerful, doesn’t let men
oppress her (doesn’t listen to Jan Meyer’s advice).

Bell Hooks (Feminist Theory)
Feminist critiques of the media focus on challenging patriarchal and sexist
representations.
Intersectionality considers the ways in which multiple identities and systems of
oppression overlap, e.g. in relation to the multiple identities that create an
individual identity (gender, race, social class, sexuality, etc.).
Hooks argues media representations often reflect these oppressive ideologies.
Intersectionality- Dr Brenner (patriarchal culture- most
powerful social character) White, heterosexual, upper
class male, middle aged. Powerful due to physical
appearance; suits connotes sophistication and
importance. Surrounds himself in a scientist lab yet is not
wearing the same clothes to everyone else. Always the
last to walk into the room- Benny diner scene.
Set in 1980s, some sexist gender role differences due to
time period (Mr and Mrs Wheeler).
Against: Eleven is the most physically powerful. Main
characters are children. Audience root for the heroes
which goes against the ‘oppressive’ ideology- Brenner is
represented as a villain. Joyce is a strong character that
pushes Hopper to doing his job.
Patriarchal society- male dominant federal department.
Sarah’s boss is male- male humour during the prank scene
before her leaving do (prop- sex doll).Wide shot at her
leavers. Sarah is partly oppressed by Jan Meyer not taking
her seriously and questioning what she does- could imply
how men view women in that industry.
Nanna being taken and killed by what we assume is a man
(Troels Hartmann’s campaign).
Oliver’s scene- female oppression as he plays video games
after having sex (sexual object).
Troels Hartmann (intersectionality)- most powerful-
current Mayor is male- implies patriarchal society of
Denmark.
Theis- breadwinner of the family and tells Penille to stay
at home while he looks for her.
Sarah leaves her job and Denmark for Sweden due to her
boyfriend.

Against: Sarah main character and exceeds stereotypes.

Judith Butler (Gender
Performativity)
Paul Gilroy (Ethnicity and
Post-Colonial)
Butler argues that gender identity is not something we are born with, it is
something expressed through the performance of gender roles.
Gender is constructed through the performance of socially learned behaviours
rather than expressed by them.
Butler believes that gender and sexual identity cannot be categorised into
simple binary systems.
The history of colonialism continues to influence attitudes to ethnicity in
western societies.
Postcolonialism suggests the ways in which colonial history continues to
influence attitudes to ethnicity with an assumption of the superiority of white
western cultures.
The idea that civilisation -ism constructs racial hierarchies and sets up binary
oppositions.
Key scene- eye line match when she notices the fishing
rods and that there is a lake nearby- ignores Jan Meyer’s
advice and looks at the lake and finds Nanna. Rings
boyfriend- casually said she is not leaving. Workaholic-
not maternal.
Steve is stereotypical- popular, jock (sporty), forceful for Theis- black leather jacket, hat- appears practical and
sex (teenager)- Nancy’s bedroom- unbuttons her top. dominant. Tells Penille to stay at home while he searches
Nancy- feminine (pastel colours; calm and caring)- for daughter- masculine trait. Theis threats Oliver against
bedroom (flowers) implies she is girly. To an extent she is the wall with force- stereotypical male.
passive perhaps due to her geek stereotype. Penille- most screen time she is in the kitchen shown to be
Mrs Wheeler- cooks the dinner, house wife, oppressed at helpless- passive. Sarah- sexualised- common trait in
home by her husband and kids. Mr Wheeler- breadwinner. television.
Could imply 1980s home life. Dr Brenner and Hopper- Troels- womaniser- seen to enjoy female attention.
both in powerful position occupations- uniform and suits. Widower (grave of wife), secretary and another woman
Dr Brenner- cold yet dominant- locks Eleven in a room- who gives information- slight flirtation between them. In
lack of humanity. power- gives orders. The appeal to find Nanna and cancel
campaign is down to Troels. Implied to a villain- enigma
Against: Joyce- masculine in appearance and frantic. and cross cutting – male stereotype in tv.
Forceful and passionate. Eleven- questions sexuality. Will-
against stereotypes- damsel in distress (could imply Against: Sarah not being maternal- forgetting sons sports
sexuality stereotypes) club name (implies absence), does not move with her son
to Sweden with her boyfriend. Headstrong and driven-
workaholic.
Racial hierarchy- western cultures in the 1980s imply that Caucasian place- Denmark relevant to the country. Racial
white race is most important, perhaps due to implicit hierarchy- white characters most powerful however due
racism (Lucas referred to as “midnight”). Lucas is a valued to relevance of current Danish population.
character yet still a token and a subordinate character.
Often aggressive (argues with Dustin) and later in the Token- Turkish shop keeper- some racism shown which
season most opposed to Eleven. Dr Brenner and Hopper- shows there is some racism in Denmark however it is
people in occupations of power both white- as they have shown to be a flaw as Theis argues against colleague. Shop
the most screen time implies most power. keeper has a lower paid position and therefore could be
‘racial hierarchy’. Binary opposite- victim (of racism) and
 Against: Head teacher is an ethnic minority implying some of his stock.
important occupations are shared with diverse ethnicity.

Industries Theory Theory Explained
The concentration of media ownership means the media industry is dominated
by a small number of conglomerates, which limits the viewpoints represented.
Curran and Seaton (Power Media concentration generally limits or inhibits variety, creativity and quality.
and Media Industries)
Despite the development of online media the established major media
organisations continue to be dominant.
Media regulation is necessary to protect consumers and make sure media
industries act in the public interest, however this is being undermined by the
development of a global online media culture.
Livingstone and Lunt
(Regulation) Traditional forms of media regulation are being challenged by the online and
globalised media culture resulting from technological developments such as the
internet.
Regulation is needed to make sure the media promotes public interests.
Stranger Things (how is it relevant? How is it The Killing (how is it relevant? How is it not
not relevant?) relevant?)
For: Arguably Netflix is a conglomerate as it is a large For: DR is a PSB (public service broadcasting channel) that
industrial company that uses digital integration and facilitates the needs of the Danish public (mass audience).
‘Netflix’ originals with its huge budget. It is a part of the European Broadcasting Union which
supports one another financially across Europe.
Against: Netflix is not a traditional conglomerate as it is an
online streaming service. Therefore as an example of Web Against: Lacking budget in comparison to popular new TV
2.0 they are able to be creative- Stranger Things is creative
streaming services. Due to minimal budget they are
through the hybrid genres and through its use of restricted with their creativity. The Killing had to be a
intertextuality to 80s and Stephen King. This is why the crime drama with a female lead to be relatable to their
show is so successful. audience for it to be successful yet still unconventional. –
Ties into Steve Neale’s theory (conform & subvert).
Against: No regulation for online streaming services. Some For: DR is regulated as it a PSB paid by the public. Post
self-regulation can be done by parents with limitations put water shed due to casual racism, nudity, implications of
in place. Perhaps is why the show was so successful due to rape and death. It was shown on BBC 4- were so
audiences being able to watch the show (despite its horror successful it had its own slot on a Saturday when they
genre) without a watershed. scheduled subtitled foreign programmes.
Many audiences can access different TV shows and films Ofcom regulate content on the BBC as a PSB- The Killing
of different genres which is why streaming services are so would have been post watershed on BBC 4.
successful.

Similarly to Curran and Seaton, Hesmondhalgh sees media industries as being For: high production cost (high budget)- minimalised risks
dominated by a small number of conglomerates. by hybrid genres, stereotypical characters, three
dimensional characters (got to know them), multi-
David Hesmondhalgh The high production costs and ease of reproduction and sharing of media narrative stranded narrative (engaging), intertextuality-
(Cultural Industries) products means media industries use a number of methods to reduce risk. creative not many shows like this on the market. Winona
These include vertical integration, and the reliance on established genres, stars Ryder is well known- nominee for 2 Oscars.
and narratives.
Against: Duffer Brothers were not well established or
experienced. Not any shows like this on the market. Young
actors- unknown.
Audiences Theory Theory Explained Stranger Things (how is it relevant? How is it
not relevant?)
For: DR minimalised risks by using relatable characters
that subvert other TV shows/stereotypes by focusing on a
female lead in a male dominated society. They used an
‘universal’ genre that many people understand (may have
been why it was so successful across the UK, Australia,
South America and Asia- led to American remake.
Vertical Integration through DR but horizontal through
BBC and other countries worldwide.
The Killing (how is it relevant? How is it not
relevant?)
Albert Bandura (Media Bandura believes that the media can have a direct influence on the values and
behaviour of audience
Effects)
The idea that the media can implant ideas in the mind of the audience directly
Media representations can directly and indirectly influence audience values and
behaviours.
George Gerbner (Cultivation Gerbner suggests that the media can influence the audience over a long period.
Gerbner found that people who watched a lot of television were likely to have a
Theory) more negative view of the world (mean world syndrome) than people who did
not watch a lot of television.
People who watched a lot of television were likely to have similar views –
something he called ‘mainstreaming’.
The media can influence audience perceptions of the world over a long period
of time through the repetition of similar messages
Stuart Hall (Reception The idea that communication is a process involving encoding by producers and
decoding by audiences
Theory) Producers encode preferred meanings into media texts, which audiences
respond to in one of three ways.
Hall argues audiences respond to the preferred reading in one of three different
ways.
Audiences either accept the preferred reading (the dominant position), reject it
(the oppositional position), or accept some elements but modify aspects to fit
their own views or experiences (negotiated position).
For: audience become anxious that the government are
corrupt- do not tell the police everything they do. – first
scene (running away- implies alien due to non-diegetic
sound)
Could question in their belief of extra-terrestrial life or
their knowledge that we are not told about. First scene in
lab when Alien chases the scientist.
Against: That the Demogorgon is real or that there is such
thing as a parallel universe- accessed by a tree.
Unrealistic. The reality of a person having super powers is
unrealistic- eye line match turning off fan. As it is a hybrid
genre, the narrative is far- fetched.
For: audience become anxious that the government are
corrupt- do not tell the police everything they do.
Mean world syndrome- anxious about the government.
Could question in their belief of extra-terrestrial life or
their knowledge that we are not told about.
Against: sci-fi- not believable, set in 80s (past), happy
elements- friendship/teamwork themes
Preferred- sympathise with kids, Joyce. Scared at
Demogorgon scenes- non-diegetic sound. Intertextuality
(enjoyment). Relate to characters- children?
Negotiated reading- sci-fi? Pre judge the series before
watching it because of hybrid genre- sci-fi, 80s etc. People
that grew up in the 80s. People that work for the
government. Ethnicity- unfair & inaccurate
representation Unrealistic genre- not relatable
Oppositional- elderly people because of Netflix. Pre-judge
due to genre. Government.
For: audience become anxious that the government are
corrupt. They are behind the crimes and use their power
to their advantage. – through the dialogue by Jan Meyer
‘the car belongs to Hartman’s campaign office’
Over season it mentions how she died and used her
power. People could be effected and copy it or have
further anxieties.
Against: restrictive narrative- make our own judgements-
can’t believe it as don’t know enough about what is
happening- serial narrative. “Campaign office”- open to
multiple people, not just Troels. Creates enjoyment for
the audience to find out who did it.
Applies better as a series than an episode- we can reflect
and it is based on realistic crimes so it could happen-
further anxiety for the audience.
The complex representations common to Long Form TV
Drama are less likely to cause a direct effect on audiences.
For: audience become anxious that the government are
corrupt- do not tell the police everything they do.
Mean world syndrome- anxious about the government.
Revolves around The Killing- the murder/death of a
young girl
Against: following the protagonist (Sarah)- hero, want her
to figure out the case. Restricted narrative- not massively
gory or graphic- only shown aftermath as opposed to the
death itself.
Preferred- engaged- questioning Nanna’s whereabouts
and who killed her (conventional to a crime drama).
Suspense- on edge- Nanna’s chase scene. Prank scene
(Sarah Lund’s leavers). Clearly a crime drama. Serial.
Negotiated- may not fully understand the culture of the
show as it is set in Denmark (gender/ethnic
representation). Language.
Oppositional- foreign language TV Show- against watching
with subtitles.
Henry Jenkins (Fandom The idea that fans are active participants in the construction and circulation of
textual meanings
Media) The development of online media has allowed audiences to participate in media
culture, adapting media products to create their own content which is shared
with online audiences
Audience members become textual poachers taking aspects from media texts
to create their own content.
Convergence culture - media is shared, adapted, and consumed constantly on a
range of different platforms.
Spreadable media - content that is adapted by audience members for their own
purpose and shared with others.
Clay Shirky ( End of Prosumers have different motivations to professional media producers.
This can create cognitive surplus, where potentially large numbers of people
Audience) give their time and expertise to create something (e.g. Wikipedia).
Audiences can no longer be seen as a single mass of people. Audiences engage
differently with media products across different platforms, with some audience
members now creating or adapting media products themselves.
Technological developments have changed the ways in which audiences engage
with media culture, leading to the rise of user generated content and reducing
the power of media producers to act as gatekeepers.
Media Language Theory Explained
Roland Barthes (Semiotics Meaning is created by signs through connotation, which may naturalize
dominant values and ideologies.
Theory)
The idea that signs can function at the level of denotation, which involves the
‘literal’ or common-sense meaning of the sign, and at the level of connotation,
which involves the meanings associated with or suggested by the sign
Tzvetan Todorov Todorov identifies the different stages of a narrative, moving from the everyday
life of the characters (equilibrium), the disruption to that (disequilibrium), and
(narratology) the resolution of that disruption into a new equilibrium.
Identifying the different stages of a narrative helps to reveal the values and
ideological messages it communicates.
For: Netlfix- international/recognisable- audiences may
enjoy the series and rein act/create their own content.
Convergence culture- Justice for Barb meme- encouraged
producers of S2 to introduce Barb’s parents
Spreadability- actor of Will Byers interact with a fan
discussion on Instagram about his sexuality.
Against: even though it is on a streaming service it is still a
highly paid production- Duffer Brothers make the
decisions. Fans are still consumers.
For: Netlfix- international/recognisable- audiences may
enjoy the series and rein act/create their own content.
Convergence culture- Justice for Barb meme- encouraged
producers of S2 to introduce Barb’s parents
Spreadability- actor of Will Byers interact with a fan
discussion on Instagram about his sexuality.
Against: even though it is on a streaming service it is still a
highly paid production- Duffer Brothers make the
decisions. Fans are still consumers.
Stranger Things (how is it relevant? How is it
not relevant?)
For: Enigma codes- do not see the Demogorgon, restricted
through the use of enigma- what happens to Will, Eleven
escapes, what the monster looks like. Action codes- Will is
missing through narrative and through the wide shot of
the empty shed. Eleven has super powers- eye line match
to the fan that turns on.
For: disruption-a disruption for all characters at different
points. Main disruption is when Will goes missing.
Against: begins on disruption (disrupts all characters)
Interpretative- multiple characters multi stranded
narrative (different stages for the characters)
Nancy doesn’t gain a disequilibrium
For: as spread to South America, Asia and Australia
arguably it is ‘spreadable’ for fans. It was requested by
fans. Dr and ZDF enterprises distributed it internationally.
Led to an American show produced by Fox 21- led to being
on Netflix (mass audience).
Against: lack of fandom media due to being a foreign
language TV show. Restricted by the genre- not many
developed characters and the subject is dark. Directed at
adults- may not be as spreadable.
For: as spread to South America, Asia and Australia
arguably it is ‘spreadable’ for fans. It was requested by
fans.
Led to an American show produced by Fox 21- led to being
on Netflix (mass audience).
S2 E2 actress of sarah lund was in the show- easter egg
Against: lack of fandom media due to being a foreign
language TV show. Restricted by the genre- not many
developed characters and the subject is dark. Directed at
adults- may not be as spreadable.
The Killing (how is it relevant? How is it not
relevant?)
For: Enigma codes- do not see what happens to Nanna.
Action- know she is being chased by someone. Enigma-
black costume- cannot see who the chaser is.
Action code- know she is found through the car.
Action code- cross-cutting shows the audience that Troels
is tied to the investigation. Enigma- don’t know why until
the end.
For: disruption is when Nanna goes missing.
Follows Sarah as opposed to multiple characters- easier to
follow Todorov’s theory. Disequilibrium- when Sarah
decides to cancel her plans to delay move to Sweden
Resolution- finding Nanna.
New state- finding the killer
Against: begins on disruption (disrupts all characters)
No new state- serial layout
Some what multi-stranded- Troels Hartmann doesn’t
follow the stages. Doesn’t apply to all characters.
Steve Neale (Genre Theory) Genre conventions are not fixed, but evolve over time as producers subvert
established conventions, or use hybridity with other genres
Genre codes are also established beyond media products themselves through
sources such as reviews and marketing.
The idea that genres change, develop, and vary, as they borrow from and
overlap with one another
Claude Levi Strauss Binary oppositions are pairs of opposed, conflicting forces.
Identifying the pairs of binary oppositions which structure narratives can be
(Structuralism) used to determine the ideological messages within a text.
The idea that meaning is dependent upon (and produced through) pairs of
oppositions
Jean Baudrillard (Post The idea that media images have come to seem more ‘real’ than the reality they
supposedly represent (hyper reality).
modernism
Hyper reality is the idea that representations are now more powerful and ‘real’
than reality.
Hyperreal representations don’t represent reality, instead they are
representations of representations.
In postmodern cultures representations are more powerful than reality, and
representations themselves no longer relate to reality.
For: hybrid genre- mix of different genres- creative.
Subverts expectations of some genres e.g. horror-
restricted, comedy- Dustin’s character, sci-fi conventional
but(don’t see the alien). Eleven- a child yet an alien
Against: still conventional to some extent- sci- fi- alien,
intertextuality makes it conventional
For: Alien Vs Human, Old vs Young, Government Vs State,
Man Vs Woman Known Vs Unknown (restricted narrative)
Against: goes against Old Vs Young as Joyce stands up for
Will. Joyce gets Hopper working- countertypes (Nancy
and Steve- Nancy gets her way in the end).
For: Hyper reality is representing the reality of the 1980s
using intertextual references. This may encourage a
younger audience to believe in the reality represented of
the 80s. This is necessary for the narrative as the
intertextual references are arguably what make the show
so successful as it is different to what is currently on the
market. Also young audiences believe the reality
represented which makes them buy into the themes and
the show itself.
Hyper reality can be shown through the traditional
household environment- both parents married with a
stable home life (Mrs and Mr Wheeler- Mikes parents).
Hyper reality of the ‘perfect alpha female’- Nancy. She is
both attractive and smart- makes her irresistible to Steve.
In real life this may not be a reality.
Hyper reality of America not being ethnically diverse-
Lucas’ character being a token.
Against:
Duffer Brothers chose to represent the Wheeler family as
struggling and damaged- lack of communication with
absent fathers and struggling mother. Shows reality of the
80s as this would have been common as opposed to all
traditional family life. More families were becoming
divorced in 80s than previously.
Not believable as intertextual to the 80s- older audiences
may reject the representations. For example only one
For: subvert conventions of crime drama through female
lead, men are shown to be arrogant, dismissive or
stereotypical. Multi stranded narrative subverts crime
dramas as Nanna’s friends and family gain a lot of screen
time.
It is conventional to a crime drama due to its realistic,
restricted narrative (serial) and use of iconography.
For: Man VS Woman, Government Vs State, Known Vs
Unknown (restricted narrative)
Against: Sarah goes against the men (even though there
are more of them- her boss puts her on the case to
mentor Jan Meyer).
For: Hyper reality represented through ethnicity. Only one
example of an ethnic minority. External audiences
(international) may believe this ‘reality’ of Sweden. DR
arguably as a PSB did this subconsciously due to ethnic
majority in Denmark.
Patriarchal led society as a representation of Denmark.
Sarah Lund being a token at the police station. All other
characters in position of power are men. May make
external audiences believe in this reality of Denmark.
Representation of Troels Hartmann represented as liberal
positive man with wealth and an exciting love life
(appealing for audience)-. Although cross cutting with
implications of him linked to the case could create social
anxiety for audiences regarding politicians.
Against:
As a ‘realist’ programme with attempted true to life
representations is difficult to link to theory due to its
genre and current time setting. Could fit more with an
external audience who do not know so much about
Denmark’s population and therefore believe the realities
represented. May be argued against by those that are
from Denmark.
There would be more ethnic minorities than one that is
represented in Denmark. Used token to represent Theis
as a kind man during his introduced scene for the
audience to establish a relationship with him.
female single parent- shown to be really struggling. There Would be more of a mixture of gender representation in
were more single parents during the 80s. Denmark than a token. Perhaps focused more so on Sarah
Lund for post-modern purposes than representing reality.
Nancy’s character gives audiences too high of
expectations that it is unbelievable in real life- difficult
reality to live up to which may be unrealistic being
attractive and smart with the popular boy at school.

Hyper reality of the tokenist representation of Lucas. Only

one representation of ethnic minority in America. In real
life there would not only be one black family. Creates the
representation that America was not diverse. We do not
see Lucas ‘family like we do with Mikes which is why it
caused social uproar and showed them in Season 2. Lucas
wasn’t seen as a character of racism but as an equal to the
other ‘outcasts’.