Miriam College High School

Planning a Better Learning Environment in Balara Elementary School and High

School

In Partial fulfillment of the requirements in

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Ryka M. Cataluña
Calista Ysabel G. Demafelis
Janielle R. Jarabata
Naomi M. Perez
Juliana Marie H. Vergara
12-Del Mundo

Ms. Ma. Gregoria B. Sadicon

Research Advisor

January 8. 2019
I. Introduction

With the increasing number of improvements and achievements in the education

system of the Philippines, it is important to also expand and improve the learning
environment of students. Several studies have shown that developing better school
infrastructure leads to better learning achievements. Also, the availability of basic
facilities and overall design of a school classroom are commonly associated with the
improvement of student performance (Bates, 2016). In addition, the physical
atmosphere of a classroom can promote efficient and productive learning for students
(Warfield, 2016). Furthermore, there have been research in the Philippines showing that
reducing the number of students per classroom leads to better student learning (World
Bank Group, 2016). With that said, implementing a better learning environment for the
schools in the Philippines is important as it has a significant effect on the overall learning
performance of students.
Many schools fail to provide a learning environment for students to learn
efficiently and to develop their own interests. With that, it is important to implement a
more effective learning environment in schools to allow students to perform better.
Planning an effective and well-designed learning environment is necessary as it can help
students in enhancing their productivity and interests. Consequently, the primary goal of
this project is to allow teachers and students to learn and work in an environment that
will enable them to become effective people of the community. This project will be
implemented with the goal of providing better facilities and service for students to be
able to work and learn more effectively. Moreover, the purpose of this project is to
provide a more supportive and positive environment for learners to enhance their skills
to help them succeed.
As a platform for starting small, the researchers will be implementing this project
specifically at the Balara Elementary School and High School, which would further
benefit the teachers and the students of the said school. Once the proposal has been
proven effective, the group plans to implement this proposal to other public schools in
depressed areas, then to other cities until it reaches nationwide.
The initial purpose of the Department of Education (DepEd) is managing and
improving the quality of the education system in the Philippines. The DepEd is
responsible for supervising and implementing plans, programs, and projects for the
development of the basic education of Filipinos. Furthermore, it provides a complete and
adequate education system that is relevant to the development of the country. It is a
department under the Philippine government whose mission is to protect and promote
the right to quality education of every Filipino. Its objective is to provide a friendly, safe,
and motivating learning environment for teachers and students. The department ensures
that administrators, families, and the community are engaged and involved in
developing successful learners. While the Quezon City Government’s mission is to
provide quality service for its people to live, work, and do business in a hospitable,
progressive, and peaceful environment. The government is also responsible for all the
projects, infrastructures, and disasters that happens within the Quezon City area.
The Department of Education and the Quezon City Government was chosen as a
potential funder as it shares and promotes the same missions and objectives with the
researchers’ proposed project. Similarly, both DepEd and the project shares an objective
of providing an efficient and well-designed classroom to improve student performance.
Also, they both have the goal of implementing a learning environment that promotes
productivity and competency of not only the students, but also of the teachers and
administrators. The purpose of DepEd and the implementation of a more effective
learning environment are both focused on producing successful and progressive learners
that can efficiently contribute to the betterment of a community.

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II. Purpose

In order to address the issue on the lack of productivity of students in schools, a

more effective and well-designed learning environment can be implemented and
reinforced in schools. Education is the process of providing and facilitating learning. An
effective learning environment refers to the diverse physical locations, designs, contexts,
and cultures in which students can learn more efficiently. It is an environment which
enables students to meet their individual needs and interests effectively. In addition,
developing an effective and well-designed learning environment “optimizes the ability of
a student to learn.” It does not only include the physical design of a classroom, but also
the students’ characteristics and how they interact with one another. It includes goals of
teaching and the most effective activities and strategies that will best provide learning.
Moreover, a learning environment also includes the way in which teachers organize and
facilitate the learning of students. A common misconception on education is that a
teacher’s job is to just continuously teach concepts and topics. However, teachers are
also responsible for providing opportunities for learners to think and develop concepts,
and to apply what they have learned. Furthermore, knowledge is not fixed, but instead, it
is constantly developing and growing. This means that a productive and right kind of
learning environment is necessary to encourage an efficient development for knowledge
(Bates, 2016).
A previous research was conducted by Peter Barrett, a professor, wherein he
studied the connection between the physical design of classrooms and the academic
achievement of students. The results of this study shows that well-designed classrooms
can boost learning progress by up to 16%. The research was done by looking into the
different factors that can improve the environment of a classroom, namely naturalness,
individualization, and level of stimulation. The naturalness of a classroom includes the
lighting, ventilation, and temperature. The other factors that can improve a learning
environment is individualization and level of stimulation which includes how classrooms
should be designed in order for students to have better concentration in class. After his
research, Barrett worked with a company called IBI Architects to pursue the ideal
classroom designs in some schools in the United Kingdom. However, the research of
Barrett overlooked positivity and motivation as a factor in making a learning
environment more effective. Maintaining a positive and supportive environment is a
significant factor in encouraging learning among students (Warfield, 2016).

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III. Problem Analysis/Review

A. Background of the Study

Education is defined as the act of processing or imparting general knowledge and
preparing oneself intellectually for mature life. It is also gives people a unique
perspective of looking at life, it allows society to succeed not just intellectually but also
socially and economically by developing common values and practices by each individual
(Jasmeane, 2017). Considering the importance of education to society, Herbart
established schools in Massachusetts last 1837 and as centuries go by, it has been
developed and is becoming a must and right for children to to attend schools to widen
their knowledge which may help them in their future lives. Although, a school’s purpose
is to provide an enrichment for the minds of people of all ages, some schools are deemed
to be an ineffective place for students to learn because of its unfit environment.
There are many factors that affect the ineffectiveness of a school, one of them is
the facilities or the physical setting of a classroom. Stated in the public school class size
law of 2016 (House Bill 473), the standard size of students is 35 or lower (Llego, 2018).
However, due to the K-12 education students are forced to attend overcrowded classes
which has about 45 students per class (Jones, 2017). This kind of overpopulation results
to an adverse effect on student learning because it reduces the students attention span
and the quality of the instructional planning of teachers (Sellors, n.d.). Moreover, the
textbooks and the handouts provided by schools or the government are limited which
results to students borrowing or sharing these textbooks (Corrie, 2015). With these
circumstances students are not able to study at their maximum ability because of the
availability of their resources.
Temperature is one of the factors that affect a students productivity, it is said that
one’s efficiency may be altered in extreme environments (Earthman, 2002). On a larger
scale, heat can make countries less productive. According to Forbes (2018), hotter
temperatures can harm efficiency and can reduce a country’s economic output by as
much as 23%. According to them, on a hot day, employees are 5% more likely to miss
work on purpose and productivity can drop by 4%. Additionally, a research, titled “Heat
and Learning”, explains how heat affects students. The research, which was co-authored
by a Harvard Kennedy School professor, Joshua Goodman, suggests how heat is
responsible for the decline in students’ test scores and an air-conditioned classroom can
reduce the impact of heat by as much as 78%.
Schools are very important for it provides a second chance to live, especially for
less fortunate children. However, in the present, some schools are not able to maximize
their students’ capabilities because of the poor working or learning environment that
they provide their students.

B. Significance of the Study

Learning environment is a key factor that affects students’ productivity and can
affect academic progress by as much as 25% (Warfield, 2016). Without being aware of it,
many schools in the country fail to provide an effective learning environment in
classrooms and other learning venues, consequently limiting productivity. In the
geographic location and the economy that the Philippines is in, it is especially more
important to pay attention to the learning environment schools are built in and how it
affects the future generations. Despite that, the country does not focus on building an
effective learning environment for students, more so because many of the operating
schools in the Philippines have not yet been modernized. While the Philippines is a
developing country, it is developing slowly and is lagging behind the improvements that
other countries have made on their educational system (Macha et al, 2018). Additionally,

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 the country and has only recently changed their curriculum to K-12 in 2013 and is still
reviewing and revising the said curriculum (Inocencio, 2018).
The findings of this study will be beneficial to students in Quezon City in such a
way that it talk about the ways to make a better learning environment that will stimulate
productivity in the classroom. By modifying a school’s physical facilities, including the
arrangement of equipment, the climate, and the number of students in a classroom,
students may be able to perform to their utmost potential in an effective learning
environment. The outcome of this study will be able to shape the needs of the present
and future generations.

C. Opportunity of Innovation
Classroom setup is a fundamental element in a learning environment since it is
essential in the learning process. The structure of the learning environment would
benefit both the student and the teacher. Students are able to learn better with a positive
and supportive learning environment (Dorman, Aldridge, & Fraser, 2006). To define a
positive environment, it is one in which students feel a sense of belonging, trust, have the
encouragement to tackle challenges, take risks, and ask questions. A positive
environment helps provide relevant content, clear learning goals and feedback,
opportunities to build social skills, and formulate new strategies to help students
succeed. It also helps prevent behavioral issues and enhances the quality of learning.
This is why the structuring of the learning environment is essential for teachers and
students. Thus, a well-structured classroom management plan of design would further
help improve learning and behavior.
With this, the researchers propose to redesign the classrooms. This proposal
would be feasible through acquisition of cleaner and more organized furnitures,
assigning lesser number of students per class, providing a more positive and
goal-oriented atmosphere for students, and having an established and consistent code of
conduct.
Classroom organization affects the physical elements of the classroom, making it
a more productive environment for the students and teachers. By having a classroom
environment that is organized, this would have a positive influence on their behavior as
well. In terms of acquiring cleaner and more organized furnitures, students can meet
their individual aspirations in order to focus and be engaged in their studies, since they
would have a comfortable area for studying. This factor would also lessen the students’
chances of developing disruptive behaviors. With all the aforementioned components,
this would lead to having a smoothly operating classroom.
Also, having a lesser range of students in each class would allow them to have a
bigger personal space. By providing a more positive and goal-oriented atmosphere for
the students, these individuals tend to become more motivated in learning and
accomplishing tasks assigned to them. Lastly, it is the school’s goal for its students to
develop a well-rounded character, instill positive action principles, and to develop
well-mannered students through the establishment and consistency in the code of
conduct.

D. Overview of the Proposal

The facilities of a school must have the following qualities in order for students to
achieve absolute efficiency: comfortable, spacious, and sufficient. The researchers have
decided to improve on the following: the infrastructures, to lessen the number of
students in a classroom for them to have more space for themselves and their things,
have a certain seating arrangement for everyone to see the board or projector, provide
chairs and tables that are properly fixed and clean. Another would be is to have a change
in terms of the climate of a classroom. By installing air conditioners, proper working

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lights for a brighter classroom, and at least have four electric fans in each room. Change
in the facilities would also be tackled. Specifically, the students having the choice to
choose between books or an ebook. The school providing a much faster and better wifi
for the sake of the students productivity. Therefore, redesigning all classrooms
accordingly will benefit every single student and teacher due to the change of
environment. The following benefits that the students would gain from the new facilities
are there would be an improvement on the student’s academic performance, it would
give satisfaction and comfortability, and boost their learning skills on different subjects.
This would not only benefit the students but also every staff in the school resulting for
them to have a positive mindset and be motivated to do their tasks.

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IV. General Overview of the Project

A. Overview
To summarize, an effective learning environment is essential in maximizing
productivity and learning potential. It encourages learning and can boost academic
progress by as much as 25% (Warfield, 2016). Despite many suggestions with research
back-up, including those mentioned above, the concept of adopting and utilizing an
effective learning environment has not yet been prioritized by the Philippines and is not
often implemented in the country. Specifically, certain schools in Quezon City are
congested, lacks space, and needs renovations (​Schools Division Office Quezon City
(n.d.)​). Therefore, to allow students to work with full potential, the researchers propose
to modify the present design of the common learning environment in Quezon City. The
researchers propose to modify the seating arrangement of a typical classroom by
changing the arrangement of seating arrangements and lessening the number of students
per classroom. They also propose adding additional appliances to improve the indoor
climate of the classrooms, controlling elements such as temperature and lighting.
Additionally, the researchers suggest improving the facilities that schools have to offer,
including faster internet speed and the choice of choosing between electronic and printed
books, in order to maximize productivity. Lastly, they also suggest adding more
classrooms and modifying buildings accordingly depending on the needs of all previously
mentioned suggestions.

B. Expected Outcomes
The researchers’ expectation for their proposal to be implemented successfully to
the Balara Elementary School and High School since this would mean that the project
proposal is efficient and a higher possibility for it to be implemented nationwide. With
that being said, the researchers have to accomplish all the objectives which can be seen
in the timetable. However, before such goals can be reached, it has to go through a
process of consultation for approval. The members would want to have a trustworthy and
efficient workers and sponsors for the project to have a higher chance of implementation
and a smooth run. The budget should be enough for the members to gather and
purchase materials that are of high quality and long lasting. After all that, the renovation
of classrooms should start and the sketch made and revised by the researchers should be
followed. Also the changes in the infrastructures, climate, and facilities should be
executed. Then, finalizing and checking of the classrooms would be done afterwards.
Once everything has been settled, the researchers expect every classroom to be
renovated. It is also expected for every classroom to have a strong foundation and
durable. Another expectation would be is for every member of the school, especially the
students to have a positive and goal oriented environment. Focusing on one school, it
would take around two years for the project to be achieved. Overall, this proposal would
take up years and a lot of time for it to be fully implemented. In addition, there would be
different budgets per school, depending on their needs, and as well as for the renovation
of the school. If all of this were to be achieved, various of benefits and improvements
would be evident.

C. Indicators of Achievement
This proposal will exhibit the success of its results if the average scores of
students conducted after the renovations are higher than the previous ones. In a study
conducted, it stated that the the improvement of the learning environment of a student
may potentially lift their academic achievement (Liftoff, 2016). Therefore, the grades of
students are greatly affected by their learning environment. Provided with a higher grade
average from the test results, it will serve as solid data that will show the success of the

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 renovations made to each classroom. Another indicator of success is the better feedback
from students and teachers. Stated in the timeline, there will be an interview made by the
researchers to consult the teachers and students about the current situation of their
school wherein both negative and positive insights will be collected to ensure that the
changes that will be made to the classrooms are efficient and will be helpful. The
interview will also be made so that the adjustment made to the proposed design of the
classrooms will address the concerns mentioned by each individual in the school. This
leads to the third indicator which is to have a physically better environment. The impact
of physically better environment on students, primarily focuses on student attitudes and
achievement based on the K-12 education level (Fisher, 2011). The physical environment
is essential in the learning process since student achievement is influenced by factors
such as lighting, noise, and climate control (Young et al, 2003). In a study conducted by
Mary Hill and Kathryn Epps, the authors described the perception of students on
physical environment, and it showed that students as young as elementary school age
sense the physical attributes of their learning environment whether it is updated and
conductive to learning. To summarize the importance of physical environment to
educational achievement, there is a positive effect between classroom conditions and
learning. The significant effect of classroom environment on concentration levels such as
listening and writing, show that students have higher test scores and that there are more
positive student outlooks in enhanced learning environments. A physically better
environment also brings positive effects on the improvement in behavior on students. A
well organized classroom enables more positive interactions between teachers and
students, reducing the probability that challenging or disruptive behaviors may occur
(Matella, Nelson, and Marchand-Martella, 2003). In addition, remodeling and
enhancing the classroom environment may serve as a direct intervention for students
who show disruptive behavior. According to a study conducted by Emer and Stough,
classroom modifications are a preventative, whole-class approach that can further lessen
chronic behavioral problems, and prevent these behavioral problems for students who
are at risk. Lastly, this also allows students with minimal or no behavioral issues access a
learning without interruption.

D. Principles that Support the Project

Experiential learning theory is a combination of experiences, perception,
cognition, and behaviour. It emphasizes the central role of experience in the learning
process. It also refers the qualities that imparts the students. The Experiential learning
classroom environment provides a great opportunity for thoughts, emotions, and
behavioural actions that would transform the students. The design also promotes group
learning and social learning for it would stimulate the social brain. A lot of benefits are
acquired from this theory. Once a learner is removed from the traditional classrooms,
these learners will be inspired to learn the value of their subjects. It would also be
beneficial since students are thinking, analyzing, and learning how to solve different
problems. “Students can process real-life scenarios, experiment with new behaviors, and
receive feedback in a safe environment. Experiential learning assignments help students
relate theory to practice and analyze real-life situations in light of course material”
(Lewis & Williams, 1994, p. 8). Also improves the students attitude towards learning.
Various of opportunities will arise for these learners are ready to face the world out
there. Experiential learning could be attained indoors or outdoors.
Another theory is The Constructivist learning theory which supplies a suitable
school environment for students. Classrooms would have a personal effective design for
children. Meaning, it is designed for social interaction purposes or a space wherein
learners can study and have time for themselves. These children would benefit since it is
a learning process of constructing knowledge instead of obtaining it. Also it interprets

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 new information based on their contextual experiences boost on their knowledge. It can
also improve their intrapersonal intelligence for social interaction purposes.
Constructivist learning theory aids in developing advanced skills such as critical
thinking, analysis, evaluation, and creation. It motivates students evaluate and reflect on
their work. Lastly, it helps students become more active and it promotes to have a
diverse view.
With this, students are able to enhance their capabilities on handling tasks and as
well as to become well-rounded individuals. It would also aid learners to be ready for the
workforce and have an effective classroom management. Also, this would allow the
students to become more engaged in school activities, academically or co-curricular. In
summary, schools must provide a healthier, spacious, and positive environment for these
factors to be achieved.

E. Activities and Timeline

The timeline below is a guide for the sponsors to have a better understanding of
the group’s plan for the implementation of their project. However, adjustments can be
made in order to accomodate any issues that may arise throughout the duration of the
project implementation.

Month(s) Targets/Activities

1 Sketching of new classroom design proposal

- Sketching and completion of a new classroom
design proposal
- Conducting of mental ability tests for students, and
interviewing of teachers and students about current
academic situation

2 Submit proposal to the research advisors.

- Consultation with professionals such as architects,
engineers, and psychologists to consult and approve
the proposed classroom design.

3-4 Finalization of the design proposal for

implementation
- Revision of the proposal with the use of suggestions
and comments from the professionals
- Consulting with sponsors and the government to
finalize pre-implementation
- Finalizing the planning of all necessary changes
needed to be done to classroom setting, seat plan,
other changes and renovations.

4-7 Gathering of needed materials

- Finalizing the budget for the project
- Purchasing the necessary materials for the
classroom renovation such as furniture like chairs,
tables, and ventilation systems

7-36 Implementation of new classroom design

- Installation of air conditioners, electric fans, proper
working lights, in each room, and fixed chairs and

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 tables, etc.
- Renovation of facilities and classrooms
- Addition of classrooms, buildings, and all other
necessary buildings
- Reduction of the number of students per classroom
- Conducting of mental ability tests for students, and
interviewing of teachers and students about the
newly implemented classroom design

36 Finalization of the new classrooms

- Analyzing and comparing the data collected from
1st month and 24th month data that was collected
from the tests conducted to examine the efficiency
of the newly implemented classroom design

V. Budget

Estimated Expenses for Each Classroom

Activity Price Breakdown

Renovation of facilities PHP 80,000 - PHP 1,000 per school

chair (PHP 35,000)
- PHP 45,000 for
additional renovations

Climate control PHP 30,000 - PHP 15,00 for each air

condition unit

Estimated total PHP 110,000

renovation cost per
classroom

Cost per additional PHP 730,000 - Department of

classroom Education’s proposed PHP
650,000 budget on each
classroom built
- PHP 80,000 on
renovation

Estimated cost for the PHP 400,000 -Derived from DepEd’s

renewal and upgrading PHP 10,000,000,000
of appliances and other budget for nationwide
learning supplies school improvement
(internet, books, etc.) (Tomacruz, 2018)
per school

The researchers estimate a budget of PHP 110,000 for the renovation of each
classroom or facility including libraries and laboratories. Balara High School
accommodates about 2,300 students in 22 classrooms and averages 45 students per
classroom. They utilize a double-shift system and operates twice a day, once in the
morning and another during the night. They are forced to do a so because of the
congestion of students and the lack of buildable land (​Schools Division Office Quezon
City (n.d.)​). With that being said, the researchers would like to propose a budget of PHP
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120,000 for each classroom in Balara High School, for a total of PHP 2,640,000. That is
if they agree to the proposed computations and are willing and capable of sustaining the
costs. However, more assessments are required for the final costs. Similarly, information
needed for determining the costs required for renovation of Balara Elementary School is
not currently available on the internet, and more assessments are required.
Additionally, the researchers propose a budget of PHP 400,000 for the renewal
and upgrading of learning materials for each school. The budget was derived from
DepEd’s PHP 10,000,000,000 budget for all public schools nationwide, divided by an
estimation of 30,000 schools (PHP 333,000) rounded up for additional, unforseen costs.
This includes the costs for the books, either electronic and traditional, internet services,
and additional costs.
The proposed budget is an estimate and may change with deeper and more
extensive research. Additionally, the researchers thinks that the robust amount is
reasonable and is needed to address the problem of implementing a new classroom
design which utilizes an effective learning environment and since the plan requires
extensive research and work. Since the proposal is for the betterment of the Balara
Elementary and High School’s educational environment and for the improvement of
students’ performance and productivity, the researchers are depending on the Quezon
City government and the Department of Education to be main funders of the proposed
plan.

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 Proponents

Ryka M. Cataluña
Calista Ysabel G. Demafelis
Janielle R. Jarabata
Naomi M. Perez
Juliana Marie H. Vergara

Email address of a representative

julianamarie.vergara@gmail.com

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