Plant Hormone Key

1.a. light
b. plant bends/grows toward the light
2. Because the plant “turns”or moves toward the direction light is coming from
3. A – base covered B Tip cut off C. Tip covered by cap
4. Group A – base covered by cap
5. The tip contains something (hormone) that causes growth toward the light.
6. Even though the tip is still intact the middle of the stem does not bend even though it receives
light. Substance (hormone) that controls bending is not transported throughout the rest of the
plant.
7. Agar is permeable
8. Wen cells remain connected to the tip by a permeable layer the hormone can travel to other
cells so they can be signaled.
9. More or less auxin accumulates on one side of the shoot causing cells to elongate at different
rates on either side creating a bend in the stem. Elongation of cells would be on the side away
from the light source.
10. Experiment
11. Experiment
12. Plant climb, curve and generally move toward light needed for growth and development.
Adaptation that maximizes survival and reproduction.
13. a. treatment with gibberellins or abscisic acid.
b. Untreated
14. a. stimulate growth
b. inhibits growth
15. Gibberellins promote the growth of plant tissues whereas ABA inhibits the growth of plant
tissues
16.Nutrients are needed for growth of shoots an roots (seed germination)
17. ABA would continue to suppress growth even during the growing season
18. Temp – warm – activates gibberellins, deactivates ABA
Water – activates gibberellins
Water – deactivates ABA
19. Standard practice, plant seed in soil, water and keep in a sunny/warm location.
Moistening soil breaks down ABA (water soluble), reducing its inhibitive effects on germination.
20. Conserves the seed’s energy stored in endosperm by suppressing germination until adequate
water is available. The dormant seed is not expending energy reserves when conditions are too
dry and little chance for survival exists.
21. Ethylene/polygalacturonase
22. a. maintains rigidity and structure (stiffness)
b. Enzymes (PG) dismantle cellulose, weakens cell walls and makes fruit soft/ripe
23. Animals would be more attractive to the fruit, consume it and disperse the seeds through their
waste.
24. Although there is no contact or physical connection between the fruits ripening still occurs.
25. Some ripening promotes more ripening. Because of the cumulative effects of ethylene
generation and the positive feedback loop, an apple tree for instance that has set fruit (apples) is
likely to ripen at nearly the same time because the quantity of ethylene is compounding.
26. Unripened fruit can be induced to ripen at any time during shipping or right before shipping
so fruit reaches the store in a ripened or nearly ripened state. (this should help to increase the
shelf life of the produce also).
27. This enzyme causes fruit to ripen
28. The two pieces of mRNA are complimentary and bind together.
29. The small piece of RNA transcribed from the flavr savr gene is complimentary to the
polygalacturonase mRNA transcript causing it to bond and regulate gene expression through
blocking translation.
30. Expose the fruit to ethylene gas, control temperature and proximity of ripening fruit to
already ripened fruit.