ACTIVITY 1

Name: Joyce Anne C. Sevilla Course/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A

Answer the following item/questions briefly.

1. Explain the term isogamy taking Chlamydomonas as an

example.
Isogamy is sexual reproduction occurring in Chlamydomonas in which
fusion of two gametes take place this gametes can be flagellated and
similar in size or non flagellated but similar in size. Both the male and
female cells lose their flagella and become non-motile. The protoplasm of
each cell divides mitotically, producing daughter cells each of them
having flagella.
2. Describe the scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra.
Spirogyra are free-floating green algae present in freshwater habitats
such as ponds, lakes, etc. Spirogyra are commonly known as “water silk
or pond silk”. Scalariform conjugation requires association of two or
more different filaments lined side by side, either partially or throughout
their length. The conjugation tubes between the two algal filaments
allow the contents of one cell to fuse with those of the other, forming a
zygote. The characteristic spiral chloroplasts are clearly visible. In
scalariform conjugation, two filaments of Spirogyra sp come together
and lie side by side. The structure formed looks like a ladder, so it is
named as scalariform conjugation or H-shape conjugation.

3. Differentiate between annuals, biennials and perennial

plants.
Annuals- Annual plants complete their life cycle in one year. They
germinate, grow, bear fruits and flowers, and die off in the same year.
Ex: Mustard, watermelon, lettuce
Biennials- Biennial plants complete their life cycle in two years. They
germinate, grow leaves and stems in the first year. In the second
year, they bear flowers and fruits. Ex: Carrot, cabbage, onions
 ACTIVITY 1
Name: Joyce Anne C. Sevilla Course/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A

Answer the following item/questions briefly.

3. Differentiate between annuals, biennials and perennial
plants.
Perennial- Perennial plants continue to live up to more than two
years. They continue to bear flowers and fruits for several seasons
after growth. Ex: Mango, coconut, banana

4. What is the significance of pollination?

Pollination is just one step in the reproductive cycle of plants, many
plants are able to reproduce vegetative, but cross-pollination provides
the genetic mixing necessary for long-term population stability and the
potential for adaptation. Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen
grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same or a
different flower. Pollination is a significant process as it helps in
fertilization by bringing the male gamete closer to the female and
allowing their fusion. helps in the production of seeds and fruits and
thereby help in reproduction as the seeds formed helps in generation of
new offspring.
5. What is/are the important characteristic/s in
Anemophilous and Hydrophilous plants?
Anemophily is pollination by wind. The anemophilous flowers exhibit
these features:
Flowers are small
They do not have attractive color
They do not emit fragrance
Anthers are versatile
Produce a large amount of pollen to make up for a considerable
wastage of pollen by wind
Stigma is very elaborate, and it is mostly bifid and feathery
Pollen grains are dry, light and smooth-walled
 ACTIVITY 1
Name: Joyce Anne C. Sevilla Course/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A

Answer the following item/questions briefly.

5. What is/are the important characteristic/s in

Anemophilous and Hydrophilous plants?
Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby
pollen is distributed by the flow of waters, particularly in rivers
and streams. The hydrophilous flowers exhibit these features:
Flowers are small and inconspicuous.
Perianth and other floral parts are unwettable.
Nectar and odor are absent.
Pollen grains are light and unwettable due to presence of
mucilage cover.
Stigma is long, sticky but unwettable.

6. What is the significance of fertilization?

Fertilization is important because restores the diploid
chromosomes. It works as a stimulus provider for the ovum to
complete its maturation. Fertilization combines the characters of
two parents and brings about recombination of genes and
introduces variations. The seeds formed by fertilization protect
the generation of plants. Thus it is noticed that seeds and fruits
are formed due to fertilization. Fertilization is a significant
concern because it is required in order to produce enough food
for the increasing population from the decreasing cultivated
land, but too much or improper use can be detrimental to the
environment. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium availability is
the big limit to growth. That is the goal of fertilizer.
 ACTIVITY 1
Name: Joyce Anne C. Sevilla Course/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A

Answer the following item/questions briefly.

7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of

vegetative reproduction?
Advantages:
Faster and more certain method of propagation.
New individuals produced have exactly identical qualities as their
parents. This preserves the characteristics of food and flower
crops.
Can be used to reproduce plants that do not have viable seeds.
The flowers produced are of a superior quality.
Certain desirable characteristics present in the fruit can be
maintained.
Disadvantages:
Does not produce new varieties.
Leads to overcrowding around the parent plant.
Very little possibility of dispersal.

8. In what way is vegetative reproduction simple?

Vegetative reproduction involves the formation of the new
plants from somatic cells, buds, or organs of the plant. The
vegetative part of the plant gets detached from the parent
body and grows into an independent plant. It is simple because:
It is an asexual form of reproduction
Plants grow through mitosis
Plants grow quickly and easily
The plants formed are clones
The plants are genetically same