NON-CONVENTIONAL

POWER PLANT
DECEMBER 13, 2019
Examples
Solar Power Plant
Wind Power Plant
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
Higher Heating Value:
Q h = 23 × 106 kW − hr⁄kg
Atomic Mass Unit:
amu = np mp + nn mn
Energy of a photon (Planck’s Relation):
c
E = fh where: f =
λ
const 01 = mp (mass of proton, kg)
Conversions:
const 02 = mn (mass of neutron, kg)
1 g = 6.02 × 1023 amu const 06 = h (planck ′ s constant, m2 kg/s)
1 amu = 931 MeV const 23 = 1.6 × 10−19 (charge of e)
1 eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J const 24 = 6.02 × 1023 (Avogadro)
 STACK/
CHIMNEY
Stack/Chimney Design
Driving Pressure: Volume Flow Rate of Flue Gas:
PD = ρa − ρg gH mg Rg Tg
Qg =
P
ρw ht = ρa − ρg gH π 2
Q g = Ac Va = Dc Va
4
Flue Gas Theoretical Velocity:
*if not given, MW (flue gas) = 30
Vt = 2gH Density:
Flue Gas Actual Velocity: P P
Va = (0.3 up to 0.5)Vt ρa = ρg =
Ra Ta Rg Tg
 MACHINE
FOUNDATION
 𝑎𝑎
Machine
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 Foundation Design𝑐𝑐 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑐𝑐
Wm Wm

𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 6 in. (120 mm.)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Wf 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ℎ
𝐿𝐿 𝑏𝑏
Machine Foundation Design
Length: Lower Width:
L = Lbedplate + 2c σsoil bearing Wm +Wf
=
Upper Width: F.S. bL
Weight of Steel Bar Reinforcements:
a = wbedplate + 2c
WSB = 0.5% to 1% of Wf
Weight of Foundation:
Density of Concrete:
Wf = 3 to 5 times Wm
ρc = 2400 kg⁄m3
Wf = e We N
ρc = 150 lb⁄ft 3
VARIABLE
LOAD
Daily Load Curve
Reserve Over Peak = Plant Capacity − Peak Load

Energy Produced (kW − hrs)

Average Load =
number of hours
Average Load
Load Factor =
Peak Load

Actual Energy Produced

Capacity Factor =
Maximum Energy Produced
 Annual Energy Produced (kW − hrs)
Annual Cap. Factor =
Plant Capacity kW × 8760 hrs

Annual kW − hrs
Use Factor =
Plant Capacity kW × hours of operation

Actual Maximum Demand

Demand Factor =
Connected Load
 Sum of Individual Maximum Demand
Diversity Factor =
Maximum Simultaneous Demands

Maximum Demand of the System

Utilization Factor =
Rated Capacity of the System

Duration of Actual Service

Operation Factor =
Total Duration of the Considered Period

Average Load
Plant Factor =
Equipment Rating Supplying the Load