Hacienda on Negros Island

1848 – The Recollects acquired Negros from the secular clergy and the island became their mission field

1850 – Joined the club of major sugar producers

- Had only four (4) sugar hacenderos

(1) The creole Augustin Montilla in Bago
(2) Basque Eusebio Ruiz de Luzuriaga in Bacolod
(3) Frenchman Ives Leopold de Germain Gaston in Silay (supervised the planting of sugarcane and
the construction of steam powered mill in the estate of the creole Domingo Roxas in
Calatagan, Batangas )
(4) Tia Sipa in Minuluan

Largest sugar producers in Negros – Minuluan, Saravia and Silay

Largest monastic estates in Laguna Province - Biñan, Santa Rosa and Calamba

Lo mas corriente (“the most common“) – system of agriculture used in Negros

- The easiest and the most convenient method of organizing the hacienda

Sugar haciendas in Negros – cultivated directly by tenants or number of families called acsas

- The acsas (agsa) or sharecroppers were provided with work animals, farm equipment and cash
advances to attract them to remain in the farm unlike in Calamba
- Hacenderos aimed to transform these peasants into a loyal workforce through the act of
paternalism
- For that reason, Negros is more productive than Calamba even though the latter started earlier

Hacienda de Calamba

Historical Antecedent

Formerly called as Hacienda de San Juan Bautista, 16424 hectares but is proved to be 18,501 hectares
after the survey.

Religious Orders that acquired one tenth of all the improved lands in the Philippines:

Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians and Recollects

Before 1759 – owned by Don Manuel Jauregui

January 29, 1759 – he entrusted the hacienda to the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

February 27, 1767 – the Jesuits were expelled through King Charles III’s decree by accusing them of
being the instigator of violent riots in Madrid

November 19, 1833 – the Corporacion de Padres Dominicanos de Filipinas (Dominicans) acquired
Hacienda de Calamba

Leasehold System at the Hacienda de Calamba

Hacienda - (estate; ranch or farm), supply a small scale market by a means of scarce capital resources
and is operated by landowners called haciendado

Two-tiered structure – past system of agriculture used in Calamba

- Consist of Hacienda Management and tenant cultivators

Three-tiered structure – later system of agriculture used in Calamba

- Consist of tenant-leaseholders positioned between the hacienda management and the tillers of
the soil

Sharecropper known as Kasama in Tagalog and Agsa in Negros

Chinese mestizo leaseholders – they entered agriculture with capital generated from commercial and
other economic activities and were self-financing

Inquilinos/tenants – borrowed money from Chinese moneylenders in Manila if their capital is

insufficient as suggested by the friar administrator of Calamba