როლან ბარტი

rolan barti
S/Z
SEUIL
1
Roland Barthes
S/Z
Traduit du français par

Nino Gagochachvili
Seuil
Tbilisi
2013
2
rolan barti
S/Z
frangulidan Targmna
nino gagoSaSvilma
Tbilisi
2013
3
UDC (uak) 821.133.1.09
b-28
wigni gamoica franguli institutis sagamomcemlo daxmare-

bis programis farglebSi.
Targmani ganxorcielda safrangeTis wignis erovnuli cen-
tris xelSewyobiT.

Cet ouvrage a bénéficié du soutien des Programmes d’Aide à la Publications
de l’Institut Français.
La Traductrice a bénéficié pour cet ouvrage du soutien du Centre National
du Livre.
rolan barti
S/Z
pirveli gamocema, Tbilisi, 2013
redaqtorebi:
irma ratiani, gaga lomiZe, irakli kenWoSvili
mTargm
neli:
nino gagoSaSvili
ydis dizain
i: revaz mirianaSvili
© Tsu gamomcemloba
tiraJi: 500 egzemplari
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-

sitetis SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institu-
ti, kostavas № 5, 0108 Tbilisi
ISBN 978-9941-0-6236-0
Roland Barthes
S/Z
Translated by Nino Gagoshashvili
© First Georgian Edition, 2013
4
sarCevi
I. evolucia.................................................................................................9
II. interpretacia...................................................................................10
III. konotacia: winaaRmdeg...................................................................12
IV. da mainc _ konotaciis sasargeblod.......................................13
V. kiTxva, daviwyeba................................................................................16
VI. nabij-nabij........................................................................................18
VII. danawevrebuli teqsti.................................................................19
VIII. daCexili teqsti............................................................................20
IX. ramdengvari wakiTxva SeiZleba?................................................21
X. `sarazini~............................................................................................23
XI. xuTi kodi...........................................................................................25
XII. xmaTa qsovili..................................................................................27
XIII. sitari...............................................................................................29
XIV. antiTeza I: damateba.....................................................................32
XV. partitura.........................................................................................37
XVI. silamaze...........................................................................................42
XVII. kastraciis veli...........................................................................44
XVIII. kastratis STamomavloba........................................................47
XIX. miniSneba, niSani, fuli...............................................................49
XX. xmebis gabneva...................................................................................51
XXI. ironia, parodia.............................................................................54
XXII. Zalian bunebrivi qmedebebi.....................................................61
XXIII. ferwera, rogorc modeli......................................................65
XXIV. transformacia, rogorc TamaSi...........................................68
XXV. portreti.......................................................................................71
5
XXVI. aRsaniSni da WeSmariteba........................................................72
XXVII. antiTeza II. Qqorwili...............................................................75
XXVIII. personaJi da saxe.....................................................................78
XXIX. alebastris lampa......................................................................80
XXX. miRma da aqeT mxares...................................................................82
XXXI. Sewyvetili gadaZaxili............................................................84
XXXII. dagvianeba....................................................................................85
XXXIII. da/Tu...........................................................................................87
XXXIV. mniSvnelobis enamravloba...................................................89
XXXV. realuri, ganxorcielebadi..................................................91
XXXVI. Cakecva da gaSla......................................................................92
XXXVII. hermenevtikuli fraza........................................................95
XXXVIII. Txroba _ SeTanxmeba..........................................................99
XXXIX. es ar aris teqstis axsna......................................................100
XL. Tematikis dabadeba......................................................................103
XLI. sakuTari saxeli..........................................................................105
XLII. klasobrivi kodebi....................................................................108
XLIII. stilisturi transformacia................................................111
XLIV. istoriuli personaJi.............................................................112
XLV. gaufasureba.................................................................................115
XLVI. sisrule........................................................................................116
XLVII. S/Z..................................................................................................117
XLVIII. araformulirebuli gamocana...........................................118
XLIX. xma...................................................................................................120
L. SeerTebuli sxeuli........................................................................122
LI. blazoni.............................................................................................123
LII. Sedevri.............................................................................................125
6
LIII. evfemizmi........................................................................................129
LIV. ukan, ufro Sors...........................................................................132
LV. ena, rogorc buneba.......................................................................137
LVI. xe........................................................................................................138
LVII. mimarTulebis xazebi................................................................141
LVIII. istoriis interesi...................................................................144
LIX. sami kodi erTad...........................................................................148
LX. diskursis kazuistika.................................................................150
LXI. narcisuli sabuTi.......................................................................153
LXII. ekivoki I: ormagi gageba............................................................154
LXIII. fsiqologiuri mtkicebuleba.............................................157
LXIV. mkiTxvelis xma...........................................................................160
LXV. `scena~............................................................................................163
LXVI. mkiTxveliseuli teqsti I:
`yvelaferi SesabamisobaSia~................................................165
LXVII. rogor momzadda Rreoba.....................................................166
LXVIII. wnuli.........................................................................................168
LXIX. ekivoki II: metonimiuri tyuili..........................................171
LXX. kastracia da saWurisoba........................................................172
LXXI. mimarTuli kocna......................................................................174
LXXII. esTetikuri sabuTi................................................................175
LXXIII. aRsaniSni, rogorc daskvna................................................180
LXXIV. azris marTva............................................................................182
LXXV. siyvarulSi gamotydoma.......................................................186
LXXVI. personaJi da diskursi........................................................187
LXXVII. sakiTxavi teqsti II:
sazRvruli/msazRvreli..................................................190
7
LXXVIII. sikvdili arcodnis gamo..................................................194
LXXIX. kastraciamde..........................................................................195
LXXX. kvanZis gaxsna da gamocnoba................................................197
LXXXI. pirovnebis xma.........................................................................199
LXXXII. Glissando...................................................................................206
LXXXIII. pandemia..................................................................................207
LXXXIV. sruli literatura...........................................................209
LXXXV. gawyvetili jaWvi..................................................................211
LXXXVI. empiriis xma...........................................................................213
LXXXVII. mecnierebis xma...................................................................214
LXXXVIII. qandakebidan _ ferweramde........................................216
LXXXIX. WeSmaritebis xma.................................................................218
XC. balzakiseuli teqsti.................................................................220
XCI. cvlileba.......................................................................................221
LCII. sami Sesasvleli..........................................................................224
XCIII. moazrovne teqsti....................................................................225
onore de balzaki `sarazini~ (novela).........................................227
8
I. evolucia
amboben, asketuri cxovrebis wyalobiT zogierTi budis-

ti mTel peizaJs erTi cercvis marcvalSi xedavso. teqstis
pirveli analitikosebi swored amas isurvebdnen: erT struq-
turaSi dainaxon amqveynad arsebuli yvela teqsti (faqtob-
rivad, auracxeli). maTi azriT, Tu yovel teqsts calkeul
modelad gaviazrebT, aseTi modelebidan Seiqmneba nara-
tivis erTi didi struqtura, romelic Semdgom (verifikaciis
mizniT) nebismier teqsts moergeba; es damqancveli (uSrom-
lad araferi iqmneba) da sabolood, arasasurveli saqmea, vi-
naidan amis Sedegad teqsti Tavis individualurobas kargavs.
TavisTavad, individualuroba sulac ar aris teqstis raRac
amomwuravi da misgan ganuyofeli Tviseba (mxatvrul nawar-
moebze miTiuri Sexedulebis miuxedavad), ar warmoadgens
teqstis specifikuri iersaxis gamovlinebas, ar gansazRvravs
mis saxels, xelmoweriTa da beWdiT ar adasturebs mas da ar
migviTiTebs teqstis damTavrebulobaze; piriqiT, is teqste-
bis, enebis, usasrulo sistemebis erTobliobaSi ganfenili,
maTgan Semdgari da yovel axal teqstSi saxeSecvlili origi-
nalurobaa. maSasadame, aseTiE arCevanis winaSe vdgavarT: an
yvela teqsti sagamofeno stendze unda gamovfinoT, miuker-
Zoebeli mecnierebis poziciidan gavaTanabroT, induqciuri
midgomis Sedegad dednamde, sawyis teqstamde unda daviyva-
noT; anda yoveli teqsti xelaxla unda aRvadginoT ara Tavi-
si individualuri iersaxiT, aramed TamaSisebur dinamikaSi,
imTaviTve CavrToT (sanam masze saubars daviwyebT) usasru-
lo gansxvavebuli paradigmebis erTobliobaSi da garkveul
zogad tipologias, Sefasebis sistemas davuqvemdebaroT.
magram rogor davadginoT teqstis Rirebuleba? rogor da-
vadginoT misi Tavdapirveli tipologia? usasrulo raode-
nobis teqstebis sabaziso Sefaseba ar SeiZleba ekuTvnodes
arc mecnierebas, romlis saqme es ar aris, da arc ideologias,
vinaidan teqstis ideologiuri Rirebuleba (moraluri, es-
Tetikuri, politikuri, aletiuri) aris reprezentaciis da
ara warmoebis Sefaseba (ideologia ìreklavs~ da arafers
qmnis). rac Seexeba Cvens Sefasebas, is yovelTvis dakavSire-
9
bulia mxolod garkveuli tipis praqtikasTan _ weris praq-
tikasTan. erTi mxriv, arsebobs is, risi dawerac SeiZleba, me-
ore mxriv ki is, risi dawerac ukve SeuZlebelia, e.i. is, rac
ekuTvnis mwerlis praqtikas da is, rac misi SesaZleblobebis
sazRvrebs miRmaa; romelia is teqstebi, romelTa dawerasac
(gada-weras) Tavad davTanxmdebodi da Cems samyaroSi maT dam-
kvidrebas visurvebdi qmediTi Zalis saxiT? swored am Rire-
bulebas gamoavlens Sefasebis procesi, romelic ganawesebs,
ra unda daiweros (gada-iweros) dRes; ase iqmneba le scriptible _
mwerluri teqsti. ratom unda miviCnioT mwerluri teqsti
CvenTvis Rirebul teqstad? imitom, rom literaturuli
Semoqmedebis (literaturisa, rogorc qmedebis) mizania,
mkiTxveli aqcios ara momxmarebelad, aramed teqstis Semq-
mnelad. Tanamedrove literatura aRbeWdilia umowyalo
ganxeTqilebiT teqstis Semqmnelsa da momxmarebels Soris,
mesakuTresa da klients Soris, avtorsa da mkiTxvels Soris.
Sesabamisad, mkiTxveli, SeiZleba iTqvas, garkveul netare-
baSi, ukiduresi ndobis viTarebaSi imyofeba, anu sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, yvelafers seriozulad Rebulobs: imis nac-
vlad, rom TviTon CaerTos am TamaSSi, bolomde datkbes aR-
mniSvnelTa momxibvlelobiT, aRaraferi rCeba, garda usu-
suri Tavisuflebisa _ miiRos an ukuagdos teqsti; kiTxva
erTgvari referendumis saxes iZens. ase da amgvarad, mwer-
luri teqstis nacvlad warmoiqmneba misi sapirispiro ram _
uaryofiTi, reaqciuli Rirebuleba, anu sakiTxavi teqsti _
is, risi wakiTxva SesaZlebelia, magram risi dawerac _ Seu-
Zlebeli. yvela amgvar teqsts Semdgom klasikuris saxeliT
movixseniebT.
II. interpretacia
mwerluri teqstebis Sesaxeb, albaT, bevri araferi iTqme-

ba. upirvelesad, sad SeiZleba maTi povna? cxadia, ara kiTxvis
samyaroSi (aq maT iSviaTad da mcire doziT Tu wavawydebiT
marginalur SemoqmedebaSi). mwerluri teqsti ar aris raRac
materialuri sagani, advili araa maTi povna wignis maRazieb-
Si. metic, vinaidan mwarmoebluri (da ara reprezentaciuli)
10
modelis mixedviT iqmneba, veraviTar kritikas ver egueba da
gamoricxavs yovelgvar kritikul analizs, romelic, Tundac
odnav rom gamovlindes, gaauqmebs teqsts, rogorc aseTs. am-
gvari teqstis Ggada-wera gulisxmobs mis mimofantva-ganfenas
usasrulo sxvaobaTa sivrceSi. mwerluri teqsti maradiuli
awmyoa, romelic ar emorCileba aranair gaqvavebul mdgoma-
reobas (yovelgvari mdgradoba mas bolos mouRebda, warsu-
lad gardaqmnida); mwerluri teqsti Cven varT, weris procesSi
myofni, manamde, vidre raRac konkretuli sistema (ide-olo-
gia, Janri, kritika) ar gardaqmnis, ar gaxleCs, ar SeaCe-rebs
da plastikur formas ar miscems samyaros dausrule-bel
TamaSs (samyaro, rogorc TamaSi), vidre ar Seamcirebs misken
mimaval uamrav gzas, ar daaviwrovebs mis farTod gaxsnil la-
birinTebs, ar Seamcirebs enaTa simravles. mwerluri teqsti
romanis sawyisia romanis gareSe, poeziaa _ leqsis gareSe,
eseistikaa _ eses gareSe, weraa _ stilis gareSe, warmoe-
baa _ produqciis gareSe, struqturirebaa _ struq-turis
gareSe. magram ras warmoadgenen sakiTxavi teqstebi (textes
lisibles)? amgvari teqstebi produqtebia (da ara produqciis
Seqmna), swored isini qmnian literaturis ukidegano masas.
rogor movaxdinoT am masis diferencireba? amisTvis saWiroa
kidev erTi, anu meore operacia, rac pirvel operacias, anu Se-
fasebas mosdevs. upirvelesad, es meore da gacilebiT ufro
daxvewili operacia met-naklebobis princips efuZneba, nebi-
smier teqsts esadageba da Ees axali operacia interpretaciaa
(am cnebis nicSeseuli gagebiT). interpretacia ar niSnavs te-
qstisTvis raime konkretuli (met-naklebad dasabuTebuli an
met-naklebad TviTneburi) mniSvnelobis miniWebas; piriqiT,
gulisxmobs imis dadgenas, Tu rogori simravlisgan Sedge-
ba. upirvelesad, warmovidginoT am uzenaesi simravlis saxe,
romelzec reprezentaciis (imitaciis) arc erTi moTxovna
ar vrceldeba. es idealur teqstSi mra-vali daxlarTuli
qselia, romlebic TamaSSi monawileebiviT, erTmaneTze ar
dominireben. amgvari teqsti ara aRmniSvnelTa struqtura,
aramed aRniSnulTa galaqtikaa. mas ar aqvs dasawyisi, is wre-
saviT Seuqcevadia. masSi mosaxvedrad mravali gzaa, romelT-
agan verc erTze ver vityviT, rom is mTavaria. amgvari teqs-
11
tis mier gamoyenebuli kodebi Tvaluwvdenel usasrulobaSi
ikargeba; am kodebis bolomde gaazreba Se-uZlebelia (maTi
mniSvneloba ar emyareba gadawyvetilebis miRebis princips;
ase rom, am kodebisTvis nebismieri mniSvnelobis micema
SemTxveviTi iqneba). am uaRresad mravali mniSvnelobis mqone
teqstebidan SeiZleba aRmocendes azris sistemebi, romelTa
raodenoba iseve arasodes araa saboloo, rogorc Tavad eno-
brivi usasruloba. interpretacia, romelic sWirdeba te-
qsts, rogorc mravlobiTi warmonaqmni, sruliadac ar niSnavs
Tavisufal gaazrebas: aq saubaria ara imaze, rom vaRiaroT
esa Tu is azri da didsulovnad vcnoT, rom yoveli maTgani
garkveulwilad WeSmaritia, aramed imaze, rom yovelgvari
gulgrilobis gareSe davadasturoT simravlis arseboba,
romelic ar Seadgens savaraudo da SesaZlo WeSmaritebaTa
jams. teqstis mravlobiTobis aRiareba aucilebelia, Tumca
garkveul sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli imdenad, ramdena-
dac rogorc araferi arsebobs teqstis miRma, aseve ar arse-
bobs teqsti, rogorc dasrulebuli `mTeli~ (romelic Tavis
mxriv ganapirobebda mis Sinagan simwyobres, misi Semadgene-
li nawilebis SeTanxmebul Tanaarsebobas reprezentaciuli
modelis mamobrivi meurveobiT): amitom teqsti unda gan-
vasxvaoT rogorc yovelive imisgan, rac misTvis garegnulia,
aseve misi mTlianobisgan. maSasadame, SeuZlebelia arsebob-
des mravalobiTi teqstebis naratiuli sistema, gramatika
da Txrobis logika. magram Tu zogjer isini mainc iCenen
Tavs, es xdeba mxolod imdenad (am sityvis mTlianad raode-
nobrivi mniSvnelobiT), ramdenadac Cven winaSe iqneba aras-
ruli saxis mravalobiTi teqstebi, romlebSic mravlobiTo-
ba met-naklebad Zunwadaa warmodgenili.
III. konotacia: winaaRmdeg
am zomierad mravalobiTi (anu ubralod: polisemiuri)

teqstebisTvis arsebobs saSualo kriteriumi, romelsac
SeuZlia mravalobiTobis mxolod garkveuli nawili moic-
vas; es kriteriumi metismetad faqizia da, amavdroulad,
zedmetad bundovania imisTvis, rom erTmniSvnelovan teq-
stebs mivusadagoT; amave dros, is Zalian Raribia mra-
12
valvalenturi (e.i. integralurad mravalobiTi) teqste-
bisTvis gamosayeneblad, romlebic reversiuli da aSka-
rad araerTmniSvnelovania. es mokrZalebuli kriteriumi
konotaciaa. elmslevis Tanaxmad, romelmac konotacia
gansazRvra, konotacia meoreuli mniSvnelobaa, romlis
aRmniSvneli, Tavis mxriv, warmodgenilia raime niSaniT an
Zireuli niSnebis sistemiT, rac igive denotaciaa: Tu E aris
eqspresia, C _ Sinaarsi, xolo R am ors Soris urTierToba,
romelic warmoqmnis niSans, konotaciis formula aseTi
iqneba: (ERC) RC. es bunebrivicaa, vinaidan konotaciiis saz-
Rvrebi amouwuravia da ar eqvemdebareba aranairi teqstis
tipologias, amitom mas didad ar wyaloben. erTni (vTqvaT
ase _ filologebi) amtkiceben, rom yvela teqsts erTi
kanonikuri da WeSmariti mniSvneloba aqvs, xolo teqste-
bis meoreul mniSvnelobebs kritikosebis fuW gamonagonad
miiCneven. amis sapirispirod, sxvebi (magaliTad, semiologebi)
ar cnoben denotaciur da konotaciur ierarqias. ena, amboben
isini, denotaciis nedli masalaa da Tavisi leqsikoniTa da
sintaqsiT iseTive sistemaa, rogoric yvela sxva sistema;
amitom gaumarTlebelia, am sistemas raime upiratesoba mi-
vaniWoT da Zireuli, erTgvari sawyisi azris sivrced da
normad, asociaciaTa qselis sazomad CavTvaloT. denotaciis
gansazRvrebisas WeSmaritebis, obieqturobis, wesis prin-
cips imitom vemyarebiT, rom kvlavac angariSs vuwevT
lingvistikas, romelsac am bolo dromde ena frazebamde
da mis leqsikur da sintaqsur Semadgenlebamde dahyavda;
xolo amgvari ierarqiis aRiareba sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara
mibruneba dasavluri diskursis (samecniero, kritikuli
Tus filosofiuri) principTan, azris centralizebul
wyobasTan, es aris teqstis yvela mniSvnelobis Tavmoyra
denotaciis birTvis garSemo (birTvi _ es aris centri,
meurve, TavSesafari, WeSmaritebis gamosxiveba).
IV. da mainc _ konotaciis sasargeblod
konotaciis zemoaRniSnuli kritika nawilobrivaa mar-

Tebuli, vinaidan ar iTvaliswinebs teqstebis tipologias
(am tipologias arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. arcerTi teqsti
13
ar arsebobs manamde, vidre ar ganvsazRvravT mis Rirebule-
bas), vinaidan Tuki arsebobs sakiTxavi teqstebi, romlebic
CarTulia dasavleTis daxSul sistemaSi da am ukanaskne-
lis miznebis Sesabamisad, aRmniSvnelis kanons emorCileba,
maSasadame, maT unda hqondeT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis
sistema, romelsac safuZvlad udevs konotacia. amgvarad,
konotaciaze sruliad uaris Tqma, niSnavs teqstebis ganmas-
xvavebeli Rirebulebebis gauqmebas, sakiTxavi teqstis spe-
cifikuri aparatis (erTsa da imave dros poetikurisa da kri-
tikulis) gansazRvris uaryofas; anu es iqneboda SezRuduli
da zRvruli teqstebis gaTanabreba, uaris Tqma tipologiur
midgomaze. konotacia SesaRwevi gzaa klasikuri teqstis po-
lisemiaSi, im SezRudul mravlobiTobaSi, romelic safuZ-
vlad uZevs klasikur teqsts (Zneli saTqmelia, aris Tu ara
konotaciebi Tanamedrove teqstebSi). maSasadame, konotacia
unda gadavarCinoT ormagi gaazrebisgan da SevinarCunoT,
rogorc teqstis mravlobiTobis (klasikuri teqstis Sez-
Ruduli mravlobiTobis) garkveuli da gamokveTili kvali.
maSasadame, ra aris konotacia? igi SegviZlia ganvsazR-
vroT, rogorc kavSiri, anafora, maxasiaTebeli, romelsac
ZaluZs urTierTobis damyareba winare, Semdgom da gare kon-
teqstebTan, imave teqstis (an sxva teqstis) sxva adgilebTan:
am urTierTobas SeiZleba sxvadasxva saxeli vuwodoT (mag.
funqcia an indeqsi); amasTanave, igi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
unda SevzRudoT; magram mTavaria erTmaneTSi ar agverios
konotacia da ideebis asociaciebi: es ukanaskneli subieqtis
sistemaze migvaniSnebs, xolo konotacia teqstebisa an teqs-
tis imanenturi korelacia gaxlavT; an kidev, SeiZleba iTqvas,
es aris teqstis subieqtis mier Tavisive sistemis SigniT gan-
xorcielebuli asociacia. topikuri TvalsazrisiT, kono-
taciebi aris is mniSvnelobebi, romlebsac verc leqsikonSi
da verc im enis gramatikaSi vipovniT, romlebzec dawerilia
esa Tu is teqsti (es, ra Tqma unda, aramdgradi gansazRvrebaa:
leqsikoni SeiZleba gafarTovdes, gramatika _ Seicvalos).
analitikuri TvalsazrisiT, konotacia ori sivrces gane-
kuTvneba: TanmimdevrobaTa sivrces, mowesrigebul mwkvrivs,
sadac winadadebebi erTmaneTs ebmis da xdeba azris ganvrco-
14
ba erTgvari ganStoebebis saSualebiT; da aglomeraciul siv-
rces, sadac calkeuli fragmentebi korelacias amyareben
materialuri teqstis miRma mdebare ama Tu im mniSvnelobeb-
Tan, riTac sabolood aRniSnulTa `nisls~ qmnian. topologi-
uri TvalsazrisiT, konotacia SesaZlebels xdis mniSvnelo-
baTa (SezRudul) mimofantvas, romlebic teqstis xilul
zedapirs oqros mtveriviT (azri _ oqroa) afenia. semiolo-
giuri TvalsazrisiT, yoveli konotacia aris kodis (romlis
aRdgena SeuZlebelia) erTgvari sawyisi wertili, teqstSi
ganfenili xmis artikulireba. zegavlenis TvalsazrisiT, is
uRelia, romelsac unda daemorCilos teqsti, amgvari da-
Trgunvis SesaZleblobaa (azri _ Zalaa). istoriuli Tval-
sazrisiT, ramdenadac konotacia iseT mniSvnelobebs qmnis,
romlebic aRdgenas eqvemdebareba (Tundac leqsikurad rom
ar Camoyalibdes), igi (qronologiurad gansazRvrul) aRniS-
nulTa literaturis wyaros warmoadgens. Tavisi mTavari
funqciis (ormagi mniSvnelobebis warmoqmnis) TvalsazrisiT,
konotacia arRvevs komunikaciis siwmindes: esaa sagangebod
da saguldagulod Seqmnili `xmauri~, romelic avtorisa da
mkiTxvelis fiqtiur dialogSi iWreba, mokled, kontrkomu-
nikaciaa (literatura mizandasaxuli kakografiaa). struq-
turulad, ori TiTqosda gansxvavebuli sistemis, denota-
ciisa da konotaciis arseboba, teqsts saSualebas aZlevs,
TamaSis msgavsi wesebiT imoqmedos, rodesac erTi sistema
meore sistemisaken garkveuli iluziis moTxovnaTa Sesa-
bamisad gvamisamarTebs. dabolos, ideologiuri Tvalsaz-
risiT, es TamaSi klasikur teqsts garkveul upiratesobas _
umankoebas aniWebs: am ori sistemidan denotaciuri sistema
Tavisi Taviskenaa midrekili da Tavis arsebobas aRniSnavs.
denotacia araa Zireuli mniSvneloba, magram Tavs ase gvaCve-
nebs; am iluziis Sedegad, romelsac denotacia Tavis Tavze
qmnis, sabolood is sxva araferia, Tu ara ukanaskneli gamov-
lineba yvela SesaZlo konotaciaTa Soris (iseTi, romelic
TiTqos-da Tan iwyebs da Tan amTavrebs kiTxvis process),
mTavari miTia, romlis wyalobiTac, teqsts saSualeba eZle-
va gaiTamaSos enis bunebasTan, enasTan, rogorc bunebasTan,
dabrunebaa: marTlacda, gana ar gvinda virwmunoT, rom ne-
bismieri winadadeba, nebismieri Sinaarsis miuxedavad, sabo-
15
lood, raRac liton, martiv, anbanur WeSmaritebas gvam-
cnobs, romelTan SedarebiTac yvela danarCeni (romelic
gaCndeba mogvianebiT da damatebiT) literaturad aRiqmeba?
amitomacaa, rom klasikuri teqstis mimarT aucileblad un-
da SevinarCunoT denotacia, enis koleqtiuri umankoebis
warmosaCad gankuTvnili es Zveli, maxvili mzeris mqone, mo-
xerxebuli, TvalTmaqci RvTaeba.
V. kiTxva, daviwyeba
me vkiTxulob teqsts _ es gancxadeba, romelic Tan-

xmobaSia enis `sulTan~ (subieqti, zmna, damateba) yovelTvis
rodia WeSmariti. rac ufro mravalobiTia teqsti, miT nak-
lebad SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom manamde daiwera, vidre mas
wavikiTxavde; amiT rodi mivmarTav teqstis predikaciul
operacias, rac misive arsidan momdinareobs da rasac kiTxva
ewodeba, Tanac me ar var teqstamde arsebuli ucodveli
subieqti, romelic mas gansjisa da analizis obieqtad
gamoiyenebda. es `me~, romelic teqstisken miemarTeba, ukve
TviTon aris sxva teqstebis, ukidegano, an ufro zustad rom
vTqvaT, dakarguli kodebis jami (romelTa warmomavloba
ucnobia). cxadia, obieqturoba da subieqturoba iseTi faq-
torebia, romelTac SeuZliaT gadafaron teqsti, magram
am mZlavr faqtorebs masTan aranairi saerTo ar aqvT. su-
bieqturoba is yovlismomcveli warmodgenaa, romelsac
TiTqosda SeuZlia mTlianad moicvas teqsti, magram es
moCvenebiTi yovlismomcvelobaa da sxva araferia, Tu
ara yvela im kodis kvali, romlebiTac warmoviqmnebi; ase
rom, Cemi subieqturoba sabolood Tavad stereotipebis
erTobliobaa. Tavis mxriv, Oobieqturobac moicavs teqsts da
yvela sxva sistemis msgavsad, warmosaxviTi sistemaa (Tumca
makastrirebeli sawyisi masSi ufro Zlierad vlindeba); is
sawyisia, romelic saSualebas maZlevs, Cems Tavs momgebiani
saxeli vuwodo, Sevimecno an àr vicno~ Cemive Tavi. kiTx-
vis procesi obieqturobisa da subieqturobis (orive moC-
venebiTia) safrTxes mxolod maSin Seicavs, rodesac teqsts
eqspresiul (Cveni TviTgamoxatvisTvis gankuTvnil) sagnad
miviCnevT, romelic sublimirebulia WeSmaritebis mo-
16
ralis saSualebiT, im moralisa, romelic xan naklebad
momTxovni, xan ki _ asketurad mkacria. arada, kiTxva ar
aris mavne qmedeba, weris Tanmxlebi da damatebiTi rame, ro-
melsac pirveladi Semoqmedebis yvela Rirsebas vaniWebT.
kiTxva erTgvari muSaobaa (amitomac umjobesia, gvelaparaka
leqseologiur, TviT leqseografiul aqtzec ki, vinaidan
me vwer imas, rac Cemi sakiTxavi gaxdeba) da am samuSaos meTo-
di _ topologiuria: me ar var damaluli teqstSi, ubra-
lod, ar vCanvar masSi: Cemi amocanaa adgilidan davZra,
erTidan meoreSi gadavrTo is sistemebi, romlebic ufro
metad arc teqstisadmi aris mamarTuli da arc Cemi `me~-s
mimarT; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, is mniSvnelobebi, romlebsac
me vpoulob, ara Cem mier an sxva adamianebis mier, aramed maTi
sistemuri sawyisiT arian dadgenilni: ar arsebobs kiTxvis
sxva mtkicebuleba Tu ara Tavad kiTxvis Tanamimdevruli
da marTlzomieri sistematuroba. marTlacda, kiTxva
enobrivi muSaobaa. wakiTxva niSnavs mniSvnelobebis povnas,
xolo mniSvnelobebis povna _ maTTvis saxelis darqmevaa.
magram es mniSvnelobebi, romlebsac saxeli daerqva, sxva
saxelebisken miiswrafvis; saxelebi erTmaneTs uxmoben,
jgufdebian da es jgufebi, Tavis mxriv, saxelis darqmevas
iTxoven. me varqmev saxels, gadavarqmev, isev varqmev Dda ase
miedineba teqstis cxovreba. es aris teqstis Camoyalibeba
nominaciiT, es aproqsimaciis gauTavebeli procesia, me-
tonimiuri samuSaoa. amgvarad, mravalobiT teqstTan mimar-
TebiT, ama Tu im azris daviwyeba ar SeiZleba Secdomad Cav-
TvaloT. arada, kiTxva ar aris sistemaTa jaWvis SeCereba
an WeSmaritebis dadgena, teqstis dakanoneba da Sedegad _
niadagis momzadeba mkiTxvelis `SecdomaSi~ Sesayvanad. ki-
Txva mdgomareobs ara am sistemebis sasruli raodenobis
mixedviT erTmaneTTan dakavSirebaSi, aramed maTi simrav-
lis mixedviT gaerTianebaSi (rac yofnaa da ara raodenobri-
vi aRricxva). me Sevdivar teqstSi, gavdivar masSi, vanawev-
reb mas, magram arafers ar vTvli. ama Tu im mniSvnelobis
daviwyebaSi saZraxisi araferia, radgan daviwyeba kiTxvis
savalalo defeqti rodia; es pozitiuri faseulobaa, raimes
winaSe teqstis pasuxismgeblobis, sistemis pluralizmis
mtkicebis saSualebaa (sakmarisia am sistemaTa sruli siis
17
Sedgena, rom maSinve Tavi iCinos maTma erTaderTma, e.w.
Teologiurma mniSvnelobam); rom maviwydeba, swored amitom
vkiTxulob.
VI. nabij-nabij
Tu gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT teqstis mravlobiTo-

bas (ragind SezRudulic ar unda iyos igi), maSin uari
unda vTqvaT teqstis did jgufebad danawevrebaze, ri-
Tac dakavebulia klasikuri ritorika da teqstebis sas-
kolo ganmarteba: teqstis raime konstruqciaze zedme-
tia saubari; yvelaferi ganuwyvetel da mravalgzis ni-
Sandebas eqvemdebareba, magram yovelive es saboloo miz-
nisken, saboloo struqturisken araa mimarTuli. aqedan
gamomdinareobs konkretuli teqstis Tanamimdevruli ana-
lizis aucilebloba, rasac, rogorc Cans, Tan axlavs
araerTi Sedegi da garkveuli upiratesoba. erTi rome-
lime teqstis gansja sulac araa `konkretulobis~ damam-
Svidebeli alibiT aRWurvili umizno qmedeba: calkeul
teqsts literaturis yvela teqstis Rirebuleba moepoveba,
magram ara ise, TiTqos maT prezentacias warmoadgendes
(TiTqos maT abstragirebas da gaTanabrebas axdendes), aramed
im gagebiT, rom Tavad literatura sxva araferia, Tu ara
erTi teqsti: calkeuli teqsti gzas (induqciurs) gvixsnis
ara modelisken, aramed is erT-erTi SesasvlelTagania im
qselSi, romelsac aTasi Sesasvleli aqvs; am Sesasvlelidan
svla niSnavs Sors, ara normebisa da maTgan gadaxrebis
dakanonebuli struqturis, naratiuli Tu poetikuri kanonis
danaxvas, aramed im perspeqtivis (fragmentebis, sxva teqstebis
gamoZaxilebis, sxva kodebis) SemCnevas, romlis gaqcevis,
ukan daxevis ukiduresi zRvari gamudmebiT farTovdeba da
idumalad Ria rCeba: yoveli (erTaderTi) teqsti am gaqcevas,
am maradiul ganaxlebas daqvemdebarebuli da mudmivad
mouwesrigebeli gansxvavebis Teoriis gansaxierebaa (da
ara mxolod ubralo gamovlineba). metic, am erTaderTi
teqstis umcires detalamde damuSaveba niSnavs Txrobis
struqturuli analizis iqidan gagrZelebas, sadac es anali-
18
zi SeCerda, anu didi struqturebidan dawyebas; es niSnavs:
Tavs ufleba (dro da SesaZlebloba) misce, CauRrmavde
mniSvnelobaTa yvela xveuls, uyuradRebod ar datovo aR-
mniSvnelis arc erTi monakveTi, sadac gamovlenili ar iqneba
kodi Tu kodebi, romelTa sawyisi (an finaluri) punqti
SesaZloa swored es monakveTia; es aris (yovel SemTxvevaSi,
SesaZlebelia amis imedi gvqondes, Tu am mimarTulebiT
vimuSavebT) martivi reprezentaciuli modelis sxva mo-
deliT Canacvleba, romlis gaxsnac klasikuri teqstis yo-
velgvari SesaZleblobis gamovlenis saSualebas iZleva; na-
bij-nabij, neli da, TiTqosda, uneburi svla ar gulisxmobs
Sesaswavl teqstSi CaRrmavebas, masSi SeWrasa da misi Sinaga-
ni iersaxis Seqmnas; aseTi svla sxva araferia, Tu ara Tavad
kiTxvis procesis dekompozicia (kinematografiuli gagebiT)
an kadris Seneleba, anu bolomde arc saxea da arc anali-
zia. dabolos, komentarebis weris TvalsazrisiT, es niSnavs
gadaxvevebis (samecniero diskursisTvis erTob ucxo xerxis)
sistematur gamoyenebas, rac im struqturebis Seqcevadobis
(riversiulobis) danaxvis saSualebas iZleva, romlebic
teqstis qsovils qmnian; cxadia, klasikuri teqsti bolomde
Seqcevadobas ar eqvemdebareba (is zomierad mravlobiTia),
amitom aseT teqsts misi Seqmnis Tanmimdevrobis Sesabamisi
saTanado TanmimdevrobiT vkiTxulobT; rac Seexeba nabij-
nabij komentirebas, es gulisxmobs teqstSi erTi da imave
SesasvlelebiT SeRwevas, ukiduresi struqturirebisgan
Tavidan acilebas, Tavis dazRvevas struqturis siWarbisgan,
romelic mecnierTa kvlevebidan da teqstis dasrulebisken
swrafvidan momdinareobs. Cveni mizani teqstis danawevrebaa
da ara gaerTianeba.
VII. danawevrebuli teqsti
amitomac Cven vanawevrebT teqsts da vinaidan Cve-

ulebrivi kiTxva teqstis mxolod gluvi zedapiris danaxvis
saSualebas iZleva, masSi mcire miwisZvris Sedgad warmoqmni-
li qanobebis msgavsi niSnadobis mqone calkeul monakveTebs
gamovyofT, romlebic SeumCnevladaa SeduRebuli wina-
dadebis rigiT, frazebis nakadiT, Ceulebrivi enis `buneb-
riobiT~. Ksakvlev aRmniSvnels Cven momijnave, mokle frag-
19
mentebis wyebad vyofT, romlebsac leqsiebs [lexias] vuwo-
debT, vinaidan isini kiTxvis erTeulebs warmoadgenen. unda
iTqvas, rom amgvari nawilebad dayofa uaRresad TviT-
neburia da araviTar meTodologiur pasuxismgeblobas ar
gulisxmobs, radganac amgvar danawevrebas aRmniSvnelebi
eqvemdebareba, maSin, rodesac Cveni analizis sagani mxolod
da mxolod aRsaniSni iqneba. leqsia zogjer mxolod ramde-
nime sityvisgan, xolo zogjer ramdenime winadadebisgan
iqneba Sedgenili; gaaCnia, rogor iqneba ufro mosaxerxebeli.
sruliad sakmarisia, rom leqsia warmoadgendes sakmaris
sivrces, romelSic mniSvnelobaTa gamovlenis SesaZlebloba
gveqneba; misi empiriulad gaTvlili moculoba damokidebu-
li iqneba konotaciebis simWidroveze, romelic gansxvave-
buli iqneba teqstis sxvadasxva adgilas; magram aucilebe-
lia, rom yoveli leqsia araumetes sam an oTx azrobriv
erTeuls Seicavdes. teqsti, Tavisi mTlianobiT, SeiZleba
zecas SevadaroT, erTTavad brtyelsa da Rrmas, gluvsa
da ukideganos, dausabamos da sarkesaviT gaprialebuls;
rogorc is misani, romelic Tavisi kverTxiT jer oTxkuTxeds
xazavda, vidre frinvelTa frenis mixedviT mkiTxaobas
Seudgeboda, asevea komentatoric, romelic teqstSi jer
kiTxvis zonebs gamoavlens, raTa maTSi Tvalyuri miadevnos
mniSvnelobaTa adgilmonacvleobas, kodebis gamovlinebebs,
citaciebis nakads. leqsia semantikuri erTeulis garsia,
mravalobiTi teqstis Txemia, romelic SesaZlo (amasTanave
kiTxvis procesis sistemurobiT mowesrigebul da miniWebul)
mniSvnelobaTa fskeria, romlis zedapirze diskursi miedi-
neba. amgvarad, leqsia da misi erTobebi erTgvar kubs qmnian,
romelic moWedilia sityvebiT, winadadebebiT an abzacebiT,
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, eniT, romelic mis `bunebriv~ mata-
rebels warmoadgens.
VIII. daCexili teqsti
Zalian mniSvnelovania is, rom amgvari danawevreba yo-

vel leqsiaSi aRsaniSnebis monacvleobisa da ganmeorebis
dadgenis saSualebas iZleva. am aRsaniSnebis dadgena miznad
isaxavs teqstis ara WeSmaritebis (misi Rrma, strategi-uli
struqturis), aramed misi (Tundac Zunwi) simravlis dadge-
20
nas. aseve ar vapirebT yoveli leqsiisTvis gamovlenil
calkeul mniSvnelobaTa erTeulebis (konotaciebis) gada-
jgufebasa an maTTvis metamniSvnelobebis miniWebas, riTac
teqstis saboloo konstruqcias miviRebdiT (danarTSi,
ubralod, erTmaneTTan davakavSirebT zogierT segments,
romelTa erTmaneTTan kavSiri kiTxvis procesSi SesaZloa
daikarga). Cveni mizani araa arc ama Tu im teqstis da arc am
teqstis kritikuli gansja: Cven sxvadasxvagvar kritikas
(filosofiurs, fsiqoanalitikurs, Tematurs, istoriuls,
struqturuls), semantikur masalas (romelic dayofilia
da ara ganawilebuli) vTavazobT; SemdegSi yoveli kritika
(Tu amis survili iqneba) Tavad gadawyvets, CaerTos Tu ara
am TamaSSi, rogor gaaJReros Tavisi xma, romelic teqstis
miyuradebidan warmoiSoba. Cven gvinda weris stereografi-
uli sivrce (rac am SemTxvevaSi klasikuri, kargad wasakiTxi
wera iqneba) movxazoT. komentari, romelic mravlobiTobis
ideis gatarebisken miiswrafvis, teqstisadmi `mowiwebis”
SemTxvevaSi qmediTi ver iqneba. teqsts Cven dausruleblad
davanawevrebT, gavwyvetT ise, rom araviTar yuradRebas ar
mivaqcevT mis bunebriv (sintaqsur, ritorikul, siuJetur)
danayofebs; nebismieri dakvirveba, axsna-ganmarteba da mis-
gan gadaxveva Tavs iCens mkiTxvelis daZabuli molodinis
momentSi, rodesac SesaZloa zmnas CamovaciloT damateba,
saxels _ zedsarTavi; komentatoris samuSao, romelic Tav-
isufali iqneba mTlianobis ideologiisgan, swored imisken
iqneba mimarTuli, rom gamoavlinos teqstisadmi yovelgvari
upativcemuloba, wamdauwum Seawyvetinos sityva. amgvarad,
kritikis sagani gaxdeba teqstis ara xarisxi (am SemTxvevaSi
Seudarebeli), aramed misi `bunebrioba~.
IX. ramdengvari wakiTxva SeiZleba?
dabolos, saWiroa SevTanxmdeT kidev erT Tavisuf-

lebaze: teqstis ise wakiTxvaze, TiTqos is ukve wakiTxuli
gvaqvs. maT, visac gasarTobi ambebi uyvarT, ra Tqma unda,
SeuZliaT jer am wignis bolos Cveni gansaxilveli teqsti
(balzakis novela `sarazini~, romelic mocemulia danarTSi)
waikiTxon im saxiT, rogoric is gamoqveynda, mokled ise,
21
rogorc Cveulebriv vkiTxulobT xolme. magram raki Cveni
mizani mravlobiTobis gamovlenaa, amitom ar SegviZlia es
mravlobiToba kiTxvis zRurbls iqiT davtovoT, anu Tavad
kiTxvac mravlobiTi unda iyos, rac teqstSi uwesrigod
Sesvlas gulisxmobs: kiTxvis `pirveli~ versiac SesaZloa
ukanaskneli versia aRmoCndes, Tanac ise, TiTqos teqstis
rekonstruireba imitom movaxdineT, rom amiT mis moZrav
aRnagobas davubrundeT; aseT SemTxvevaSi aRmniSvnels kidev
erTi damatebiTi ritorikuli niSan-Tviseba _ gadarTvis
unari eniWeba.
xelaxali wakiTxva ucxoa Cveni sazogadoebis komerci-
uli da ideologiuri CvevebisTvis; iTvleba, rom erTxel
ukve moxmarebuli (`monelebuli~) ambavi unda `movisroloT”
da igi sxva ambiT CavanacvloT, anu sxva wigni unda SeviZinoT;
xelaxla wakiTxva mkiTxvelTa mxolod zogierT margina-
lur kategorias (bavSvebs, moxucebsa da pedagogebs) miaCnia
misaRebad. Cven ki xelaxla wakiTxvas sawyis principad
gTavazobT, vinaidan mxolod is icavs teqsts ganmeorebisgan
(isini, vinc ver axerxebeb xelaxla wakiTxvas, Zalauneburad
yovel teqsts erTsa da imave ambad aRiqvamen), zrdis misi
mravalgvarobisa da mravlobiTobis xarisxs: xelaxla wa-
kiTxviT teqsti laxavs teqstis Sinagani qronologiis
CarCoebs (es am ambamde an mis Semdeg moxda) da miTiur
dros gvaziarebs (sadac ar aris arc -mde da arc Semdeg);
upirispirdeba yovelgvar iseT mcdelobas, romelic cdi-
lobs dagvarwmunos, TiTqos pirveli wakiTxva _ mxolod
pirveli, gulubryvilo, fenomenaluri wakiTxvaa, romelsac
Semdeg àvxsniT~, movaxdenT mis inteleqtualizebas (ise,
TiTqos arsebobs wakiTxvis raRac Tavdapirveloba, TiTqos
Cvenamde is arasodes aravis waukiTxavs. Aar arsebobs pirveli
wakiTxva, maSinac ki, roca teqsti erTgvari molodinis
Seyovnebis sxvadasxva xerxiT (romlebic ufro moCvenebiTia,
vidre damajerebeli) cdilobs aseTi STabeWdileba Segviq-
mnas); amgvarad, xelaxali wakiTxva ukve teqstis moxmareba
ki araa, aramed TamaSia (TamaSi, rogorc sxvadasxva kombina-
ciis ganmeoreba). maSasadame, Tu teqsts saswrafod xelaxla
wavikiTxavT (terminologiur winaaRmdegobas sagangebod
22
mivmarTav), amas imitom vakeTebT (TiTqosda, narkotikis ze-
moqmedebas _ ganaxlebisa da gansxvavebulobis efeqts _
ganvicdideT), rom ara WeSmarit teqsts, aramed teqstis
mravlobiTobas veziaroT: imaves, magram axals.
X. `sarazini~
rac Seexeba teqsts, romelic SevarCie (ra mizeziT Sev-

Cerdi masze? mxolod is vici, rom ukve didi xania mindoda
Tavidan bolomde gameanalizebina romelime mciretaniani
moTxroba da balzakis novelam Cemi yuradReba Jan rebulis
gamokvlevis gamo miiqcia.1 avtoris sityvebis Tanaxmad,
mis arCevanze JorJ batais erTma citaciam imoqmeda. ai, ase
aRmovCndi am ganzraxvaSi CarTuli, Tumca warmoudgeneli
aRmoCnda is usazRvroeba, rac teqstma gamoavlina), aris
balzakis `sarazini~.2
(1) sarazini * Tavad saTauri warmoSobs kiTxvas: sarazini
_ ra aris es? sazogado saxeli? sakuTari saxeli? sagani?
kaci? qali? am kiTxvas pasuxi mxolod Zalian gvian gaecema
im moqandakis biografiis saSualebiT, romelsac sarazini
hqvia. SevTanxmdeT, rom hermenevtikuli kodebi vuwodoT
(rasac simartivisTvis aRvniSnavT SemoklebiT _ HER.) er-
Teulebis imgvar erTianobas, romelTa funqciacaa, ama
Tu im saxiT Camoayalibon kiTxva, misi pasuxi da miuTiTon
gansxvavebuli garemoebani, romelTac SeuZliaT an moamza-
don kiTxva an gadaavadon pasuxi; an kidev: Camoayalibon
gamocana da SemogvTavazon misi pasuxi. maSasadame, saTa-
urs _ Sarazine _ Semoaqvs garkveuli wyobis pirveli
wevri, romelic mxolod № N153-e leqsiaSi daixureba (HER.
enigma 1 (novelaSi iqneba sxva enigmebic): kiTxva). * sityva
sarazini TavisTavSi atarebs sxva konotaciasac: es aris
mdedrobiTobis konotacia, romelic yvela frangisTvis
sagrZnobia. Cveulebriv, e daboloebas isini mdedrobiTis
ganmsazRvrel specifikur morfemad aRiqvamen, gansakuTre-
biT maSin, roca sakuTar saxelzea saubari da romlis mamro-
biTi forma (Sarazin) aseve dadgenilia franguli onomasi-
ologiis mier. mdedrobiToba (konotirebuli) aris aRsaniS-
* parizelTa cxovrebis scenebi. ix. onore de balzaki, adamianuri komedia, gamomc. Seuil (1966), t. IV, gv. 263-272.
23
ni, romelic araerTgzis warmoCndeba teqstis sxvadasxva
monakveTSi. es gaxlavT moxetiale erTeuli, romelsac Se-
uZlia daukavSirdes igive tipis sxva erTeulebs, raTa Camo-
ayalibos xasiaTebi, atmosfero, saxeebi, simboloebi. marTa-
lia, yvela aq gamovlenili erTeuli aris aRsaniSni, magram
is (`mdedrobiToba~) mainc sanimuSo aRsaniSnTa kategorias
miekuTvneba, esaa aRsaniSni, romelic konotaciis xarjze
Cndeba _ am sityvis sayovelTaod miRebuli mniSvnelobiT.
moxmobil erTeuls aRsaniSni (Semdegi dazustebis gareSe) an
sema (semantikaSi sema Sinaarsis planis erTeulia) vuwodoT,
amgvari erTeulebi aRvniSnoT Semoklebebis saSualebiT _
SEM da Yyoveli SemTxvevisas davkmayofildeT konotaciuri
aRsaniSnis fiqsaciiT, romliskenac leqsia romelime (Tun-
dac aproqsimatiuli) sityvis daxmarebiT gagvagzavnis (CEM
_ mdedrobiToba).
2. Rrma fiqrebSi viyavi CaZiruli; * aq gancxadebuli Ca-
fiqreba arafer saWoWmanos ar gulisxmobs. es sityva (Cafiq-
reba) kargad aris gamokveTili yvelaze cnobili ritoriku-
li figuris daxmarebiT _ antiTeziT da misi TandaTanobiT
warmoCenili wevrebiT _ baRiTa da darbaziT, sikvdiliTa da
sicocxliT, siciviTa da siTboTi, garegnuliTa da SinaganiT.
amgvarad, is, rasac leqsia gvatyobinebs, aris erTgvari didi
simboluri forma, vinaidan moicavs mTlian sivrces substi-
tuciebiTa da variaciebiT, romlebic migviZRvebian baRidan
kastratisken, darbazidan Aaxalgazrda qalisken, romelic
mTxrobels uyvars, aRaraferi rom vTqvaT idumalebiT mo-
cul moxucze, mSvenier qalbaton de lantsa Tu vienis suraT-
ze gamosaxul mTvareul adonisze. amgvarad, simbolur velze
gamoiyofa antiTezis erTgvari gafarToebuli ubnebi; Tavi-
dan warmoiqmneba Sesavlis funqciis mqone erTeuli _ Cafiq-
reba _ rac saSualebas gvaZlevs movxvdeT am ubanSi da rome-
lic antiTezis or urTierTsawinaaRmdego wevrs aerTianebs
(AB) (am simboluri velis yovel erTeuls aRvniSnavT aso-
ebiT: CYM. (aq CYM. antiTeza: AB). ** Cafiqrebuli adamianis
mdgomareoba (`CaZiruli viyavi~...) ukve winaswar gvTavazobs
(yovel SemTxvevaSi, mocemul diskursSi) erTgvar movlenas,
romelic mas daasrulebs (`roca saubarma gamomaRviZa~; № # 14).
msgavsi Tanmimdevrobebi varaudobs adamianis qcevis moti-
24
virebulobas. Tu aristoteles terminologias movixmobT,
rac gulisxmobs praqsissa da proairesiss Soris damokide-
bulebas, anu adamianis SesaZleblobas, dafiqrdes Tavisi saq-
cielis Sedegebze, maSin am qmedebebisa da saqcielebis kods
SegviZlia vuwodoT proairetikuli (magram TxrobaSi moqme-
debaze dafiqreba personaJisgan ki ar momdinareobs, aramed
diskursisgan). qmedebis es kodi aRvniSnoT _ ACT-iT. metic,
cota xanSi yvela es qmedeba rigebad mowesrigdeba da amito-
mac yovel aseT rigs zogadi saxeli movuZebnoT da am Tanmim-
devrobis TiToeuli wevri davnomroT imis mixedviT, Tu ro-
dis da rogor warmoCndebian isini (ACT: `CaZirva~: 1: STanTqma).
3) xmauriani dResaswaulebis dros ase TviT araseriozul
adamianebsac emarTebaT xolme; * informacias dResaswaulis
Sesaxeb (iribad naTqvami), rasac male mohyveba sxva informa-
cia (rom es dResaswauli mimdinareobs sent-onores gareub-
nis erT kerZo saxlSi), revelanturi aRsaniSnis Semadgeneli
nawilia _ kerZod, lantis ojaxis simdidre (SEM _ simdid-
re). ** moxmobili fraza SesaZloa andazis transformacia
iyos: xmaurian dResaswauls sevda axlavs. es sityvebi koleq-
tiuri, anonimuri xmiTaa gamoTqmuli da adamianuri sibr-
Znis wiaRidan momdinareobs. maSasadame, mocemuli erTeuli
gnomikuri kodia da igi erT-erTia codnisa Tu sibrZnis im
mravalricxovani kodebidan, romlebTanac teqsti gamudme-
biT gvagzavnis; vuwodoT maT kulturuli kodebi (simarTle
rom iTqvas, yvela kodi kulturulia) an referenciis kodebi
(REF. gnomikuri kodi), vinaidan male isini diskurss saSu-
alebas miscemen, rom mecnierebisa da moralis avtoritets
daeyrdnon.
XI. xuTi kodi
SemTxveviTobis wyalobiT (magram aris ki aq SemTxve-

viToba?) pirvel sam leqsiaSi (novelis saTaursa da mis pir-
velive frazaSi) ukve 5 didi kodi gvxvdeba, romlebisken
swrafvasac amieridan teqstis yvela aRsaniSni gamoavlens.
amisTvis maT gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva arc dasWirdebaT,
vinaidan am xuTis garda arc erTi sxva kodi da arc erTi le-
qsia ar Segxvdeba, romelic maTSi Tavis adgils ver ipovis. ase
25
gagrZeldeba bolomde. davubrundeT kvlav am kodebs da Tan-
mimdevrulad gadavxedoT ise, rom maT Soris ierarqia ar ve-
ZeboT. hermenevtikuli kodis amocanaa, gamoyos iseTi erTeu-
lebi (formaluri), romelTa wyalobiTac gaCndeba gamocanis
Canafiqri, Cafiqrebuli iqneba, Camoyalibdeba, Seyovndeba
da, bolos, amoixsneba (zogjer am erTeulebidan zogierTi ar
wamoCndeba, magram ufro xSirad ganmeordeba: isini mkacrad
gansazRvruli mimdevrobiT ar gamoCndebian xol-me). rac Se-
exeba semebs, Cven mxolod maT gamoyofas davjerdebiT, magram
ama Tu im personaJs (erT garkveul adgilsa Tu sagans) ki ar mi-
vakerebT an raime Tematuri velis farglebSi ki ar gavaerTia-
nebT maT, aramed TavianT arastabilurobaSi, gafantulobaSi
davtovebT, ris gamoc isini mtvris nawilaks daemsgavsebian,
romelic mniSvnelobas asxivebs. simboluri velis struqtu-
rirebisganac Tavs SevikavebT; es veli Tavad aris wminda po-
livalenturobisa da cvalebadobis sivrce. maSasadame, mTa-
var amocanad rCeba imis Cveneba, rom am velSi SeRweva mravali
Tanaswori SesasvleliTaa SesaZlebeli, romlebic mis siRr-
mesa da idumalebaze dagvafiqrebs. qmedebebi (proairetiku-
li kodebi) Tanmimdevrulad lagdebian. oRond maTi mxolod
miaxloebiTi moniSvnaa SesaZlebeli, vinaidan proairetuli
Tanmimdevruloba kiTxvis xelovnebazea damokidebuli. nebi-
smieri mkiTxveli informaciis ama Tu im erTeuls gamaerTia-
nebeli qmedebebis saxeldebis saSualebiT akavSirebs erTma-
neTTan (gaseirneba, mkvleloba, Sexvedra); swored es saxele-
bi qmnian Tanmimdevrulobas da gamoCndebian mxolod maSin da
imdenad, rodesac da ramdenadac maTi saxeldeba SesaZlebeli
iqneba. Tanmimdevruloba nominaciis ritmad gaiSleba, rome-
lic TavisTavad eZiebs da aRbeWdavs; rogorc Cans, mas ufro
empiriuli safuZveli aqvs, vidre logikuri da amitomac,
azri ar aqvs, rom is dakanonebuli mimarTebebiT SevzRudoT.
Mmas mxolod erTi _ ukve gakeTebulis, ukve wakiTxulis lo-
gika aqvs. aqedan momdinareobs rogorc TanmimdevrulobaTa
(zogjer damdablebuli, zogjer _ amaRlebuli, romanise-
uli), ise maTi Semadgeneli elementebis mravalferovnebac
(mniSvneloba ar aqvs, bevri iqneba Tu cota). am SemTxvevaSi
arc struqturad Camoyalibebas SevecdebiT; sakmarisi iqne-
26
ba mxolod am TanmimdevrobaTa CamoTvla (garegnulisa da
Sinaganis), rom maTi wnulis msgavsi agebulebis mravalmniS-
vneloba warmoCndes. dabolos, kulturuli kodebi ama Tu im
adamianuri codnisa Tu sibrZnis sferodan moxmobili cita-
ciebia; am kodebis gamoyofisas mxolod citirebulis tipis
miTiTebebiT SemovifarglebiT (fizikuri, fiziologiuri,
samedicino, fsiqologiuri, literaturuli, istoriuli da
a.S.) da sulac ar SevecdebiT maTSi gansxeulebuli kultu-
ris konstruirebas an rekonstruirebas.
XII. xmaTa qsovili
xuTi kodi qmnis erTgvar qsels, topikas, romelSic

gadis nebismieri teqsti (an, ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, misi
gavliT yalibdeba is teqstad). da Tuki calkeuli kodis an
erTdroulad xuTives struqturad Camoyalibebas ar vcdi-
lobT, amas Segnebulad vakeTebT, raTa teqsts polivalen-
turoba, Seqcevadoba nawilobriv SevunarCunoT. arsebiTad,
ama Tu im mza struqturis aRmoCenas ki ar vcdilobT, aramed,
SeZlebisdagvarad, struqturirebis procesis xelSewyobas.
lakunebi da analizis dros raRacis bolomde uTqmeloba
erTgvar nakvalevebad, teqstis mdinarebis niSnad warmog-
vidgeba. vinaidan Tuki vityviT, rom teqsti eqvemdebareba
raime formas, es forma ar iqneba erTnairi, arc arqiteqto-
nikis TvalsazrisiT mowesrigebuli, arc dasrulebuli. is
namsxvrevs, naglejs, gaglejilsa da waSlil qsels emsgav-
seba. is gaqrobis udidesi procesis dros mimdinare Sinagani
moZraobebisa da modulaciebis gansaxierebaa, rasac CaxSo-
bili Setyobinebebis Sejaxeba axlavs Tan. amgvarad is, rasac
Cven aq kods vuwodebT, arc raRac nusxaa da arc paradigma,
romelic aucileblad unda aRdges; kodi citaciis perspeq-
tiva, struqturebisgan Sekowiwebuli miraJia. mis Sesaxeb
mxolod is viciT, rom is saidanRac gaCnda da sadRac qreba.
misgan momdinare erTeulebi (romlebic analizs eqvemdeba-
rebian) sxva araferia, Tu ara miTiTebebiT, niSnebiT aRniS-
nuli gamosasvlelebi, romlebic katalogis yvela mimarTu-
lebiT migviZRveba (konkretuli motaceba aucileblad gvag-
27
zavnis ukve adre aRweril motacebebTan); es yvelaferi adre
ukve wakiTxulis, nanaxis, momxdaris, gancdilis anasxlete-
bia: kodebi swored am ukves kvalia. ukve dawerilTan, sxvag-
varad rom vTqvaT, wignTan (kulturis, cxovrebis, cxovrebis,
rogorc kulturis) gagzavniT, is teqstidan qmnis am wignis
prospeqts, e.i. yoveli kodi erT-erTi im Zalis gansaxierebaa,
romelsac SeuZlia daeuflos teqsts (teqstSi TiToeuli
maTgani meores gadakveTs), erTi xmaTagania, romliTac teq-
stia moqsovili. iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos uSualo
Setyobinebebis paralelurad, Cvenamde kidev raRac xmebi aR-
wevs Zalian Soridan. eseni arian kodebi: maTi warmomavloba
ukve-dawerilis TvalSeuval perspeqtivaSi ikargeba. amitom
erTmaneTSi gadawvnisas, Setyobinebas warmomavlobas arT-
meven. xmaTa (kodebis) es Tavmoyra gardaiqmneba werad, stere-
ografiul sivrced, sadac xuTi kodi, xuTi xma gadaikveTeba:
empiriis xma (proairetizmebi), pirovnebis xma (semebi), cod-
nis xma (kulturuli kodebi), WeSmaritebis xma (hermenevtiz-
mebi), simbolos xma.
(4) burbonTa elises sasaxlis saaTma SuaRamis mosvla
gvamcno. * metonimiis logika burbonTa elises sasaxlidan
simdidris semisken migviZRveba, vinaidan sent-onores gare-
ubani mdidruli kvartalia; TviTon Ees simdidrec konotire-
bulia: axlad gamdidrebulTa kvartals, sent-onores gare-
ubans, sinekdoqes saSualebiT gadavyavarT restavraciis
periodis parizSi _ miTiur adgilze, sadac adamianebi bedis
uecari motrialebiT xelT igdebdnen saeWvo warmoSobis
simdidres, sadac, eSmakma uwyis, saidan Cndeboda oqro (es
spekulaciis simboluri gansazRvrebaa) (SEM. simdidre).
(5) fanjris RiobSi mjdars * antiTezis ganviTareba, ro-
gorc wesi, TiToeuli nawilis gaxsnas iTvaliswinebs (A,B).
mesame SesaZleblobac arsebobs: SeiZleba isini erTad gamo-
Cndnen. Tuki antiTezis gamocxadebasa da Sejamebas exeba
saqme, maSin Ees nawili SeiZleba wmindad ritorikuli iyos;
Tumca man SeiZleba pirdapiri mniSvnelobac SeiZinos, vina-
idan male antiTeturad dapirispirebul elementTa fizi-
kuri SeerTebis sakiTxi dadgeba: am funqcias aq Riobi _
baRsa da darbazs, sikvdilsa da sicocxles Soris arsebuli
Sualeduri zRvari asrulebs (CYM. antiTeza: Sualeduroba).
28
(6) da naoWebiani muaris fardis miRma damaluls * ACT _
samalavi adgili: 1: damalva.
(7) SemeZlo mSvidad meWvrita saxlis baRisTvis, sadac
saRamos vatarebdi * SemeZlo meWvrita _ niSnavs: aRweras
vapirebdi. antiTezis pirveli wevri aq ritorikuli TvalTa-
xedviT (ritorikuli kodis mixedviT) cxaddeba. aq antiTe-
zis pirveli wevri (baRi) diskursis manipulaciaa da ara am-
bavi (CYM. antiTeza: A: acxadebs). aqve aRvniSnavT (rom cota
mogvianebiT am Temas xelaxla davubrundeT), rom Wvreta,
rac damkvirveblis pozicias gulisxmobs, zereled Semoxa-
zavs sakuTari mxedvelobiTi aris vels (avgurTa templumi)
da mTel am aRweras ferweruli tilos modelTan aaxloebs. **
SEM. simdidre (dResaswauli, sent-onores gareubani, mdid-
ruli kerZo saxli).
XIII. sitari
dResaswauli, gareubani, mdidruli kerZo saxli _ gareg-

nulad es sityvebi sakmaod neitraluri informaciaa, romelic
diskursis bunebriv mdinarebaSia ganzavebuli; sinamdvile-
Si, es aris feris dadebis erTgvari manera, raTa `Cafiq-
rebis~ fonze simdidre gamoCndes. amgvarad, erTi da igive
sema `citirebuli~ iqneba araerTxel; sityva `citirebisT-
vis~ gvindoda tauromaqiuli mniSvneloba migveniWebina: citar
_ quslebis erTmaneTze gakvras niSnavs, roca win gadaxri-
li toreadori xars banderiliiT gamoiwvevs. analogiurad,
`citirebisas~, aRsaniSni (simdidre) Tavs aridebs diskursSi
CarTvas. swored es wamiT gaelvebuli citacia, faruli da
wyvetili Tematizaciis es xerxi, mdinarebisa da simkveTris
es monacvleoba gansazRvravs konotaciur qmedebas. iqmne-
ba STabeWdileba, rom semebi Tavisuflad gadaadgildebian,
wvrilmani da mouwesrigebeli informaciuli erTeulebis
Semcvel galaqtikebs Seerevian. naratiuli teqnika impresi-
onistulia: misi daxmarebiT aRmniSvneli verbaluri mate-
riis nawilakebad imsxvreva, romlebic mxolod gaerTianebi-
sas warmoqmnian mniSvnelobas: amgvar teqnikas safuZvlad
udevs kontinuumis dayofis principi (sagulisxmoa, rom am
principze igeba personaJTa `xasiaTebi~). rac ufro metia or
29
konvergentul erTeuls Soris sintagmaturi distancia, miT
ufro ostaturia Txroba; yvelaferi damokidebulia imaze,
Tu ramdenad cxadadaa esa Tu is Strixi gamosaxuli: saWiroa,
rom ama Tu im Strixma gaielvos ise msubuqad, TiTqos mniS-
vneloba arc hqondes, dagvaviwydeba igi Tu ara, da rodesac
is sadme kvlav gamoCndeba sxva formiT, ukve mogonebas aR-
Zravs. sakiTxavi teqstiT gamowveuli efeqti solidarobis
princips efuZneba (sakiTxavi teqsti àwebebs~); magram rac
ufro didia naprali solidarul erTeulTa Soris, miT ufro
daxvewilia xelovneba. am teqnikis (ideologiuri) mizani mni-
Svnelobis gabunebriveba da, maSasadame, istoriis realobis
dadasturebaa, vinaidan, rogorc (dasavleTSi) amboben, mniSv-
neloba (sistema) bunebasa da realobasTan SeuTavsebelia. ami-
tom es gabunebriveba SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod imitom, rom
homeopaTiuri dozebiT gaSvebuli Tu SemoTavazebuli Rire-
buli informaciis erTeulebi `bunebrivad~ miCneulMmasalaSi
arian Cawnulni da es masala gaxlavT ena. paradoqsulia, rom
srulyofili mniSvnelobiTi sistemis – enis funqcia (sruli
azrobrivi sistema) swored meoreuli mniSvnelobebis desis-
tematizacias, maTi warmoebis procesis naturalizaciasa da
gamonagonis auTentifikacias gulisxmobs: konotaciis xma
`frazebis~ gamudmebul xmaurSi ixSoba, `simdidre~ sruliad
`bunebrivi~ sintaqsis nakadSi ganzavdeba (qvemdebares da ga-
remoeba), romlis saSualebiTac vigebT, rom dResaswauli
aRiniSneba mdidrul kerZo saxlSi, romelic erT (parizul)
ubanSi mdebareobs.
(8) aqa-iq TovliT naxevrad dafaruli xeebis mkrTali si-
luetebi bundovnad Canda mTvariT ganaTebuli Rrubliani
cis rux fonze. am landebis garemoSi isini raRaciT Tov-
lian sudaraSi naxevrad gaxveul moCvenebebs Camohgavdnen,
TiTqos saxelganTqmul naxat `micvalebulTa rokvas~ ime-
orebdnen. * SYM. antiTeza: A: garegani. Tovli aq sicivis gan-
cdas iwvevs, magram amgvari dakavSireba Sinagan garduvalobas
moklebulia da amitomac iSviaTad Cndeba: Tovli, es msubuqi,
rbili, fumfula safari, ufro erTgvarovani substanciebis
_ siTbos, daculi TavSesafris Sesaxeb erTgvari warmod-
genis konotacias axdens. sicive aq Cndeba imitom, rom xeebi
30
naxevradaa TovliT dafaruli, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, si-
cive ukavSirdeba ara Tavad Tovls, aramed imas, rom is co-
taa. avismomaswavebelia is, rac mTlianad ar aris dafaruli,
gaZarcvulia, alag-alag gatyavebulia, gaqeqilia. uaryofiT
STabeWdilebas qmnis yvelaferi is, rasac simrTele aklia,
rac nakliTaa daRdasmuli (SEM. sicive). TviT mTvarec amZaf-
rebs naklulobis am STabeWdilebas da sruliad avbediTad
gamoiyureba, radgan ise anaTebs, rom sibnelidan mxolod
aCrdilisebur garemos gviCvenebs. Tumca, mogvianebiT, ro-
desac is alebastris lampis Semcvlelad Cndeba, orazro-
van simsubuqes iZens da naTels hfens vienis namuSevarze
adonisis gamosaxulebas, mis feminurobas warmoaCens (№111);
(suraTi, romliTac STagonebuli iqneba Jirodes èndimioni~
da romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT, #№547-Si visaubrebT). marTlac,
mTvare xom sxva araferia, Tu ara mcire naTeli da siTbos
nakleboba. is xom TviTon ar anaTebs, misi naTeli ucxo sinaT-
lis anareklia. amgvarad, mTvare kastratis emblemad da mis
naklovanebad gardaiqmneba, rac fuW naTebaSi cxaddeba, ro-
melic qalurobis imitaciaSi mdgomareobs, rodesac kastra-
ti jer kidev axalgazrda iyo (adonisia) da risganac mxolod
nacrisferi sevda (moxuci, baRi) rCeba (SEM. mTvarianoba).
ufro metic, aCrdilTan msgavseba aRiniSnavs yvelafer imas,
rac adamianis bunebis sazRvrebs scdeba: ze-bunebrioba da
miRmuri samyaro kastratis mier ganxorcielebuli trans-
gesiis Sedegia; kastratis, romelic mogvianebiT warmogvid-
geba, rogorc ze-qali da, imavdroulad, arasrulfasovani
mamakaci (SEM. aCrdilTan msgavseba); REF. xelovneba (micvale-
bulTa rokva).
(9) sapirispiro mxares Semobrunebuls ki * antiTezis er-
Ti elementidan (baRi, gareT) meorisken (darbazi, SigniT) ga-
dasvla aq fizikuri xasiaTis moZraobaa; saubaria ara Ta-
vad diskursis xelovnebaze (rac ritorikul kods ukavSir-
deba), aramed mxolod fizikur aqtze, romelic (simbolur
velze warmoqmnil) winaaRmdegobebs aerTianebs (SYM. anti-
Teza; Sualeduroba).
(10) cocxalTa cekviT SemeZlo davmtkbariyavi! * micvale-
bulTa rokva (#№8) iyo stereotipi, uZravi sintagma. aq es sin-
tagma oradaa gayofili da axal sintagmas qmnis (cocxlebis
31
rokva), amitom aq erTdroulad ismis ori kodis xma _ kono-
taciurisa (micvalebulTa rokvis mniSvneloba ganuyofeli
mTlianobaa, vinaidan erTgvari kodificirebuli codnidan,
xelovnebis istoriidan momdinareobs) da denotaciuri (co-
cxalTa rokvaSi yoveli sityva Tavis leqsikonur mniSvnelo-
bas inarCunebs da, ubralod, Tavis mezobel sityvas ekvris);
es SeuTanxmebloba, erTgvari strabizmi, ganapirobebs kidec
sityvaTa garkveul TamaSs. sityvaTa es TamaSi antiTezazea
agebuli (forma, romlis simboluri mniSvneloba CvenTvis
ukve cnobilia): mTavari RerZi (cekva) iyofa or sawinaaRmde-
go sintagmad (micvalebulebi/cocxlebi), rogorc mTxrobe-
lis sxeuli, romelic raRac erTian sivrces qmnis da baRs da
darbazs warmoaCens (REF. sityvaTa TamaSi) ** sityvebs _ `Se-
meZlo davmtkbariyavi~ _ (simetriulad) Semohyavs antiTezis
(N7) pirveli nawili (A), xolo frazas _ `SemeZlo davmtkba-
riyavi~ (aseve simetriulad) _ misi meore nawili (B). tkbobis
aqti namdvil ferwerul tilosTan gvagzavnis; tkbobis aqti
formebis, ferebis, xmebis, surnelebis mobilizebas axdens
da amiT amzadebs darbazis aRweras (rac aRwerilia kidec Sem-
deg, #№11-Si) Teatraluri (scenuri) modelis saxiT. Cven isev
davubrundebiT literaturis sxva reprezentaciul kodebze
am damokidebulebas (gansakuTrebiT mis `realistur~ versia-
Si). (SYM. antiTeza: B: anonsi).
(11) Cem win iSleboda didebuli darbazi, oqro-vercxliT
morTuli kedlebiT, mocimcime WaRebiT, mbrwyinavi sanTle-
biT. aq fusfusebdnen, danarnarebdnen da peplebiviT dafar-
fatebdnen parizis yvelaze lamazi qalebi, yvelaze mdidrebi
da cnobilni, didebulad morTulni, TvalsimomWreli bri-
liantebiT gabrwyinebulni! yvavilebi damagrebuli hqondaT
Tavze, mkerdze, TmebSi, mimobneuli kabebze Tu girliande-
bad dagrexili kabis kalTebis gaswvriv. msubuqi TrTolva,
vnebis aRmZvreli moZraobebi arxevda maT naz sxeulebze Se-
moxveul abreSumis maqmanebs, arSiebs, muslins. aqa-iq gaiel-
vebda xolme viRacis cecxlovani mzera, TiTqos WaRebis si-
naTles, almasebis brwyinvas ejibreboda da isedac agizgize-
bul gulebs acxovelebda. aseve moulodnelad SeamCnevdiT,
rogor mravalmniSvnelovanad ukravdnen qalebi sayvarlebs
32
Tavs da momabezrebeli gamometyvelebiT aniSnebnen qmreb-
ze. TamaSis dros yovel moulodnel Semobrunebas Tan axlda
oqros wkriali da partniorebis wamoZaxili, rac musikis han-
gebs da mosaubreTa butbuts erTvoda. sunamoebis talRa da
simTvralis orTqli sabolood abruebda da avadmyofurad
aRagznebda am SezarxoSebuli brbos warmosaxvas, romelsac
yvelaferi hqonda, rac ki sacduri SeiZleboda cxovrebas
eboZebina. * antiTeza: B: SigniT. ** qalebi gardaiqmnen yva-
vilebad (yvavilebi yvelganaa mimofantuli): sema _ mcena-
reuloba _ mogvianebiT mTxrobelis sayvareli qalis Tanm-
devi gaxdeba (romlis formebi àyvavebulis~ saxeliT iqneba
moxseniebuli); sxva mxriv, mcenareuloba wminda cxovrebis
ideis konotacias (radgan organulia) axdens, rac antiTezas
ayalibebs mkvdar `saganTan~, romelsac moxuci ganasaxierebs
(SEM. mcenareuloba). maqmanebis msubuq TrTolvas, muslinis
rxevas, aromatis talRebs _ haerovnebis sema Semoaqvs, rac
kuTxovanebas (#80), geometriulobas (#№76), naoWebs (#№82), anu
yvela im semas upirispirdeba, rac SemdgomSi moxucis aRsa-
niSnavad iqneba gamoyenebuli. amis sapirispirod, moxuci aq
erTgvar manqanas emsgavseba. Tumca, gana SesaZlebelia warmo-
vidginoT (yovel SemTxvevaSi, mocemul diskursSi) haerovani
manqana? (SEM. Hhaerovneba). *** SEM. simdidre. **** amas garda,
aluziurad aq warmodgenilia colqmruli sareclis Semla-
xveli garemo. aq parizis, rogorc uzneo qalaqis konotacias
vxvdebiT (parizelTa simdidre, maT Soris lantebis ojaxis,
gaurkveveli gziTaa moxveWili) (REF. eTnikuri fsiqologia:
parizi).
(12) amgvarad, Cems marjvniv sikvdilis bneli da mdumare
saxe wamomarTuliyo, marcxniv _ normis sazRvrebSi Zlivs
moqceuli bakqanalia: aqeT _ civi, pirquSi, mgloviare bune-
ba, iqiT _ cxovrebiseuli bednierebiT mTvrali adamianebi. *
SYM. antiTeza: AB: Sejameba.
(13) am ori gansxvavebuli suraTis zRvarze, romelTa
dausrulebeli saxesxvaobiT ganmeoreba parizs msoflioSi
yvelaze mxiarul da, amasTan, yvelaze filosofiur qalaqad
aqcevs, maseduaniviT gaorebuli grZnobebiTa da fiqrebiT
33
viyavi Sepyrobili _ xan mxiaruliT, xan SavbneliT. marcxena
fexs musikis ritms vayolebdi, marjvena ki _ TiTqos samareSi
mqonda. marjvena fexi marTlac gameyina gamWoli qaris gamo,
romelmac naxevari sxeuli damizro. amavdroulad, meore mxa-
res darbazis notio siTbos vgrZnobdi, rac wveulebebze ase
xSirad iwvevs usiamovno gancdas. * sityva `maseduani~, rac
xilisa da bostneulis narevs, salaTas niSnavs, nairferova-
ni, gansxvavebuli elementebis erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli
narevis konotacias axdens. es sema SemdgomSi mTxrobelidan
`sarazinze~ gadava (#№59), rac uaryofs im azrs, rom mTxro-
beli TxrobaSi CarTuli mxolod meorexarisxovani persona-
Jia: simboluri TvalsazrisiT, is mTavari gmiris Tanasworia.
nairferovani ewinaaRmdegeba mdgomareobas, romelic Zalian
mniSvnelovani iqneba sarazinis ambavSi, vinaidan daukavSir-
deba mis pirvel siamovnebas (#№213). sarazinisa da mTxrobelis
marcxi im substanciis marcxicaa, romelic ver `Seikra~ (CEM.
nairferovneba). moxmobil leqsiaSi ori kulturuli kodis
xma gvesmis; esenia: eTnikuri fsiqologia (REF. `parizi~) da
saojaxo medicina (àdvilad gacivdebi, Tu didxans darCebi
gaRebul fanjarasTan~) (REF. medicina). *** antiTezis Rrma,
simbolur mniSvnelobasTan mTxrobelis kavSiri amjerad
ironizebulia, vinaidan aq yvelaferi wmindad fizikur, tri-
vialur da umniSvnelo mizezamdea dayvanili. mTxrobeli Ti-
Tqos uaryofs simbolur ganzomilebas, TiTqos misTvis yve-
laferi òrpir qaramde~ daiyvaneba; Tumca, rogorc vnaxavT,
is Tavisi urwmunobis gamo daisjeba (SEM. asimbolizmi).
XIV. antiTeza I: damateba
Tavisi arsebobis aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi ritorikam

moaxerxa gamoeyo asobiT figura, romlebic samyarosTvis
saxelis darqmevisa da mowesrigebis klasifikatoruli samu-
Saoebis produqts warmoadgenen. maT Soris erT-erTi yvela-
ze stabiluri figuraa antiTeza. misi TvalsaCino funqciaa
winaaRmdegobaTa gayofisa da Seuvalobis kurTxeva da daka-
noneba (gaTaviseba) iseTi metalingvisturi instrumentiT,
34
rogoricaa saxeli. amgvarad, antiTeza imTaviTve mowode-
bulia gancalkevebisken. is sayrdens eZiebs winaaRmdegobaTa
bunebaSi, romlisTviac damaxasiaTebelia mourigebloba. an-
tiTezis wevrebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba ara mxolod ama
Tu im niSnis arsebobiT an misi uqonlobiT (rac Cveulebrivia
paradigmul winaaRmdegobaSi), aramed imiTac, rom erTic da
meorec _ moniSnulia: maTi sxvaoba ar momdinareobs urTier-
Tdamatebis dialeqtikuri procesidan (sicariele sisavsis
wil); piriqiT, antiTeza ori sruli elementis brZolaa, rom-
lebic erTmaneTis winaSe, mZimed SeiaraRebuli mebrZole-
biviT, ritualurad dganan. antiTeza maradiulad, saukune-
obiT dapirispirebis aRmniSvneli figuraa; is Seurigebeli
SuRlis simboloa. amitomac or antiTetur elements Soris
yovelgvari aliansi, nebismieri maTi erTmaneTSi Sereva da
morigeba, erTi sityviT, antiTezis zRudis miRma nebismieri
gadasvla transgresias iwvevs; ritorikas, ra Tqma unda, Se-
uZlia kvlav moigonos raime figura transgresiis saxelde-
bisTvis, Tumca aseTi figura arsebobs da es aris paradoqsi
(an SeuTavsebeli sityvebis dakavSireba) _ iSviaTi figura,
romelsac SeuTavseblobis mosarigeblad kodi ukidures
SemTxvevaSi mimarTavs. fanjris RiobSi damaluli, darbazsa
da baRs Soris Sualedur mdgomareobaSi, winaaRmdegobaTa
gamyof Sinagan sazRvarze myofi, anu antiTezis kedelze mo-
qceuli mTxrobeli swored am figuris gamoxatulebaa, swo-
red misi wyalobiT xorcieldeba da myardeba transgresia.
jerjerobiT am transgresiaSi araferi Cans katastrofuli:
is garkveuli ironiiT, trivialuradaa warmodgenili da am
gziT naturalizebuli, keTilganwyobiT aRiwereba. SeuZle-
belia mis miRma saSineleba imalebodes, rac ase ar aris simbo-
los SemxvevaSi (simbolo, rogorc saSinelebis gansaxiereba);
da mainc, misi skandaluroba umal SesamCnevia. rogor? rito-
rikuli TvalsazrisiT, baRisa da darbazis antiTeziT nagu-
lisxmevi yvela ujredi ukve Sevsebulia: Tavidan gacxadda
figura (AB), Semdeg CaerTo da aRiwera misi Semadgeneli na-
wilebi, dabolos, yvela antiTeza kidev erTxel warmogvidga
harmoniulad Sekrul rkalad.
35
Tumca am struqturas (ritorikulad dasrulebuls) ki-
dev erTi elementi daemateba. es elementi TviT mTxrobelis
poziciaa (rasac saxeli _ `Sualeduroba~ vuwodoT)
Sualeduroba antiTezis ritorikul Tu paradigmul

harmonias (AB/A/B/AB) arRvevs. es rRveva momdinareobs ara
ukmarisobidan, aramed siWarbidan: antiTezas erTi zedme-
ti elementi aRmoaCndeba da es ucxo danamati (mTxrobelis)
sxeulia. sxeuli, rogorc damateba, transgresiis asparezad
iqceva, transgresiisa, romelic Txrobis saSualebiT xor-
cieldeba: swored sxeulis doneze unda daingres antiTe-
zis gamyofi barieri, xolo misi ori SeuTavsebeli elementi
(gareT da SigniT, sicive da sicxe, sikvdili da sicocxle)
erT-erTi yvelaze STambeWdavi figuris saSualebiT unda
36
gaerTiandes, erTmaneTs Seexos, erTmaneTs Seerios raRac
(uformo) _ jer ucnaur (maseduani), Semdeg qimerul (gver-
digverd msxdomi moxucisa da axalgazrda qalis sxeulebis
wyalobiT Seqmnili arabeski) substanciaSi. ai, swored am si-
Warbis wyalobiT (romelic diskursSi mas Semdeg aRmocende-
ba, rac ritorika mas sakmarisad gaajerebs), Txroba SesaZle-
beli gaxdeba da moTxrobac iwyeba.
XV. partitura
sakiTxavi teqstis sivrce yovelmxriv SeiZleba Sevada-

roT (klasikuri) musikis partituras. TxrobiTi sintagmis
danawileba (romelic mis winsvliT moZraobas iTvaliswinebs)
bgeraTa nakadis taqtebad dayofis analogiuria (pirveli
odnav meti TviTneburobiT gamoirCeva, vidre meore). semebi,
kulturuli citaciebi da simboloebi, efeqturad JReren,
grgvinaven, guguneben da orkestris sasule da dasartymeli
instrumentebis Zlier da mkveTr xmovanebas mogvagoneben.
gamocanebi ki, romelTa gaxsna yovelTvis gaWianurebulia,
xolo gamocnoba _ gadadebuli, xSirad mogvagonebs melo-
dias, romelsac narnar kiloze gawyobili, ruladebiT, ara-
beskebiTa da winaswar gaTvlili retardaciebiT gamSvenebu-
li sasule instrumentebi gamoscemen. nebismieri gamocanis
gaxsna fugis ganviTarebas mogvagonebs. erTsac da meorsac
garkveuli Tema aqvs, romelic ganviTarebas eqvemdebareba,
rasac mosdevs intermedia (romelic sxvadasxva saxis Seyov-
nebebisgan, orazrovani da damabneveli svlebisgan Sedgeba,
romelTa wyalobiTac diskursi cdilobs Tavisi saidumlo
rac SeiZleba didxans Seinaxos), streta (intensiuri nawili,
romelSic Tavmoyrilia savaraudo pasuxebis monaxazebi) da
dasasruli. dabolos, proairetikuli mimdevrobebi, qmede-
baTa svla, nacnobi moZraobebis zomiereba _ ganamtkicebs,
aerTianebs da harmoniaSi aqcevs mTels, simebiani sakravebis
msgavsad:
37
Tumca msgavseba amiT ar Semoifargleba. polifoniur da-
faze warmodgenili ori Tanmimdevruloba (hermenevtikuli
da proairetikuli) imave tonaluri TaviseburebebiT ga-
moirCeva, rogoric klasikuri musikis melodiisa da har-
moniisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli: sakiTxavi teqsti tonaluri
teqstia (kiTxvis Cveva SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs, iseve Tavi-
suflad vikiTxoT, rogorc movusminoT musikas: SeiZleba
iTqvas, arsebobs Tvali, romelic kiTxvas miCveulia, iseve
rogorc arsebobs tonaluri smena; amitomac kiTxvis gadaCve-
va igivea, rac tonalurobis smeniT aRqmis gadaCveva); Tan te-
qstis tonaluri erTianoba mxolod da mxolod hermenevti-
kul da proairetikul kodebzea damokidebuli, maSasadame,
WeSmaritebasTan miaxloebis xasiaTsa da asaxuli qmedebebis
urTierTSeTanxmebulobaze, melodiisa da TxrobiTi Tan-
mimdevrulobis svlis erTsa da imave maiZulebel Zalaze.
swored es Zala zRudavs klasikuri teqstis mravlobiTobas.
sxva dros erTdroulad gvesmis Cven mier gamoyofili
xuTive kodis xma, rac garkveul safexuramde teqsts mraval-
xmianobas aniWebs (teqsti marTlac polifoniuria), magram
xuTi kodidan mxolod sami (semuri, kulturuli, simbolu-
ri) Sedgeba urTierTCanacvlebadi elementebisgan, mxolod
38
sami maTgania Seqcevadi da droismier SezRudvas ar eqvem-
debareba. danarCeni ori kodis (hermenevtikuli da proaire-
tikuli) elementebi Seuqcevadi TanmimdevrobiTaa agebuli.
es imas niSnavs, rom klasikur teqsts sinamdvileSi matricu-
li (da ara xazovani) agebuleba aqvs, magram amasTanave, Tvi-
Ton matricaSi TiTqos logikuri da droismieri veqtoria
Cadebuli. rogorc Cans, es gaxlavT polivalenturi sistema,
romelic bolomde Seqcevadi ar aris. klasikuri teqstis Se-
qcevadoba imave meqanizmiT ferxdeba, romelic mis mravlo-
biTobas zRudavs. es meqanizmi, erTi mxriv, aris WeSmariteba,
meore mxriv _ empiria, romelTa sapirispirodac (an romelTa
SualedSic) Tanamedrove teqsti yalibdeba.
(14) _ batonma lantim es saxli axlaxan SeiZina?
_ ara, male aTi weli gaxdeba, rac marSalma karilianom
mihyida.
_ ras ambobT!
_ am adamianebs didi qoneba unda hqondeT!
_ albaT, asea!
_ ra wveulebaa! ra kadnierebamde misuli fufuneba.
_ rogor fiqrobT, isini iseTive mdidrebi arian, rogo-
rebic batoni nusinJeni da batoni gondrevili? * ACT `Caflu-
li~: 2: gamofxizleba ** REF. Qqronologiuri kodi (10 weli...)
*** de lantis ojaxis simdidre (rac konotaciurad miniSnebu-
lia wveulebis, saxlisa da ubnis prestiJulobis TanxvedriT)
aq aSkarad gacxadebulia; da vinaidan es simdidre gamocanis
sagnad iqceva (saidan modis igi?), moxmobili leqsia hermene-
vtikuli kodis elementad unda ganvixiloT: gamocanis sagans
(Tu obieqts), rasac gamocanis kiTxva Seexeba, Tema vuwodoT:
Tavad gamocana jer ar Camoyalibebula, Tumca misi Tema ukve
warmodgenilia, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: gamoyofilia (HER.
enigma 2. Tema)
(15) gana ar icodiT?...
Tavi wamovwie da orive mosaubre davinaxe; maSinve mivxvdi,
rom es xalxi cnobismoyvare parizelTa modgmas ekuTvnoda,
romlebsac mxolod es kiTxvebi aRelvebdaT: `ratom?~, `ro-
gor?~, `saidan gaCnda?~, `vin aris?~, `ra xdeba?~, `ra gaakeTa?~
maT xmadabla daiwyes saubari da iqaurobas gaecalnen, raTa
39
ganmartoebuliyvnen, sadme, myudrod mdgar savarZelze mo-
ekalaTebinaT da mSvidad esaubraT. sxvaTa saidumloebebis
moyvarulTaTvis aqaurobaze ukeTesi sivrce Znelad Tu mo-
iZebneboda. * ACT. `ganmartoebuli adgili~: 2: ganmartoebu-
li agilidan gamosvla. ** REF eTnikuri fsiqologia (parizi,
maRali wris sazogadoeba, gakilva, Woraoba) *** aq Cndeba
hermenevtikuli kodis ori axali elementi: gamocanis Cafiq-
reba, romelic yovel jerze Cndeba, roca diskursi ama Tu im
saxiT Segvaxsenebs _ `Tqven winaSea gamocana~; da orWofuli
(an gaWianurebuli) pasuxi, vinaidan Tuki diskursi ar izru-
nebs imaze, rom mosaubreebi ganmartoebuli taxtisken gag-
zavnos, maSinve gamovicnobT pasuxs da mivxvdebiT, saidan mo-
dis de lantis ojaxis qoneba (magram maSin mTxrobels aRara-
feri eqneboda CvenTvis mosaTxrobi) (HER. enigma 2: gamocanis
Cafiqreba, gaWianurebuli pasuxi).
(16) aravin icoda, saidan movida de lantis ojaxi, * axali
gamocana Tematizebulia (de lanti, rogorc Cans, gvaria), Ca-
fiqrebulia (es gamocanaa) da formulirebulia (sadauria es
ojaxi?); Tan samive komponenti erT frazaSi erTiandeba (HER.
gamocana 3: Tema, dasma, formulireba).
(17) an saidan hqonda mas es mravalmilioniani qoneba,
vaWrobiT moipova igi, TaRliTobiT Tu memkvidreobiT. * HER.
gamocana 2 (lantebis qoneba): formulireba.
(18) ojaxis yvela wevri laparakobda italiurad, fran-
gulad, espanurad, inglisurad da germanulad, Tan iseTi
srulyofilebiT, ifiqrebdiT, rom didxans icxovres yvela
am xalxs Soris. boSebi iyvnen? iqneb mekobreTa STamomavalni?
** aq Cndeba axali sema: lantis ojaxis internacionaluroba
_ isini im dros arsebul xuT kulturul enaze saubroben. es
sema gvkarnaxobs WeSmaritebas (didi babua warsulSi saxel-
ganTqmuli varskvlavi iyo, xolo dasaxelebuli enebi musika-
luri evropis enebia), Tumca jer Zalian adrea, rom diskur-
sma yvelafers farda axados. diskursis moralisTvis mniSv-
nelovania mxolod erTi _ es sema SemdegSi WeSmaritebas ar
daupirispirdes (CEM. internacionaluroba). ** naratiuli
TvalsazrisiT, gamocana kiTxvidan pasuxisken dagvianebebis
garkveuli wyebis saSualebiT midis. am dagvianebebis gamoxa-
40
tvis mTavari saSualebebia _ moCvenebiToba, damaxinjebuli
pasuxi da tyuili, romlebsac, erTad aRebuls, motyuebas
vuwodebT. diskursma erTxel ukve icrua, roca gaCumda da
savaraudo wyaroebs Soris (vaWroba, TaRliToba, mekobre-
oba, memkvidreoba) gamotova de lantis ojaxis simdidris We-
Smariti mizezi, kerZod, biZis, cnobili kastratis saxelgan-
Tqmuloba, romelic ukve pensiaze iyo. axla is Riad cruobs
entimemis saSualebiT, romelic Tavadac siyalbea: 1: poli-
glotebi arian mxolod boSebi da mekobreebi. 2. de lantebi
poliglotebi arian 3. de lantis ojaxi warmoSobiT boSebi
an mekobreebi arian (HER. gamocana 3. mkiTxvelis diskursiT
motyueba).
(19) _ iqneb eSmakisgan arian! _ ambobdnen axalgazrda po-
litikanebi. _ miRebebi ki SesaniSnavi aqvT.
_ romc gamego, rom grafma lantim romeliRac afrike-
li begi gaZarcva, mainc SevirTavdi mis qaliSvils _ SesZaxa
mavanma filosofosma. * REF. eTnikuri fsiqologia: cinikuri
parizi.
(20) vin ar isurvebda marianinas, 16 wlis qaliSvilis Ser-
Tvas, romlis mSveniereba aRmosavleli poetebis fantaziebis
cocxal gansaxierebad warmogidgebodaT. rogorc sulTnis
qaliSvils aladinis jadosnuri lampridan, saxe masac Cadris
qveS unda daemala. misi simRera Crdilavda iseT arasrul-
yofil talantebs, rogorebicaa _ malibrani, zontagi Tu
fodori, romelTac srulqmnilebamde raRac erTi mTavari
yovelTvis akldaT. marianina ki erTnairi srulyofilebiT
axerxebda gaeerTianebina bgeris siwminde, gasaocari simkve-
Tre, ritmisa da intonaciis grZnoba, siwrfele da teqnika,
mkacri TavdaWeriloba da gulSi Camwvdomoba. es gogona gan-
sxeulebuli saidumlo poezia iyo, romelic yvela xelovne-
bas aerTianebda da maZiebelTaTvis mouxelTebeli rCeboda.
mSvidi da Tavmdabali, ganaTlebuli da gonebamaxvili, marT-
lac yvelas Crdilavda, dedis garda. * REF. qronologia (ma-
rianina 6 wlis iyo, roca mamamisma karilianos saxli iyida da
a.S.) ** REF. gnomikuri kodi (`yvela xelovnebaSi aris~... da a.S)
da literaturuli kodi (aRmosavleli poetebi, àTas erTi
Rame~, aladini). *** ratom aris ase srulyofili marianinas
41
musikaluri niWi? imitom, rom masSi gansxvavebuli Tvisebe-
bia gaerTianebuli. analogiuri kiTxvaa: riT moxibla zambi-
nelam sarazini? imiT, rom mis sxeulSi gaerTianebuli iyo yo-
velgvari srulqmnileba, romelic sarazinma sxvadasxva me-
natureSi cal-calke ixila (#№220). orive SemTxvevaSi Cndeba
danawevrebuli Tu erTiani sxeulis Tema (SYM. Tavmoyrili
sxeuli). **** axalgazrda qalis mSveniereba Sefardebulia
kulturul kodTan, am SemTxvevaSi, literaturulTan (is
SeiZleba iyos ferwerulic da skulpturulic). Cven winaSea
didi saerTo literaturuli sivrce: qali, romelic wignis
aslia. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: yoveli sxeuli ukve daweri-
lis citaciaa. survilis wyaro xdeba qandakeba, naxati
an wigni (sarazini identificirebuli iqneba pigmalionTan
(#№229). (SYM. sxeulTa reproduqcia).
XVI. silamaze
silamaze (simaxinjisgan gansxvavebiT) WeSmaritad aux-

snelia. mas SeiZleba miakvlio, daadasturo misi arseboba,
isev da isev gamovlindes adamianis sxeulis nebismier nawil-
Si, magram ver aRiwereba. is iseTive sicarielea, rogorc
TviT RmerTi da sakuTar Tavze SeuZlia mxolod ganacxados:
me var, romeli var. swored amitomaa, rom diskursi ama Tu
im detalis srulyofilebis konstatacias jerdeba, xolo
`yvelafer danarCens~ kods utovebs, romelic yovelgvari
mSvenierebis safuZvelSia. esaa xelovnebis kodi. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, mSvenierebas SeuZlia Tavi mxolod citaciis sa-
SualebiT ganacxados: marianinas silamazis gamoTqma mxo-
lod im gziT SeiZleba, rom is sulTnis asuls SevadaroT.
marianinam Tavisi modelisgan ara mxolod silamaze miiRo,
aramed gamoTqmis unaric. Tuki TavisTavad silamazes war-
movaCenT da mas yvela winamaval kods CamovarTmevT, is ut-
yvi gaxdeba, xolo Yyvela pirdapiri predikati _ uaryofili
iqneba; erTaderT SesaZlebel predikatad darCeba an tavta-
logia (srulqmnili saxis ovali) an Sedareba (rafaelis ma-
donasaviT lamazi, ocnebasaviT, qvisgan naTali da a.S.). amiT
silamaze pirdapir kodebis ukidegano sivrceSi gvagzavnis:
42
venerasaviT lamazi? magram venera? visaviT lamazi? rogorc
TviTon? rogorc marianina? lamazi sagnebis am gadaZaxilis
Sewyvetis erTad-erTi gza _ silamazis damalva, misi dadu-
meba, gamouTqmelobis, afaziis mdgomareobamde misi miyvana,
misi referentis mxedvelobis aridan gauCinareba, sulTnis
asulisTvis safarvelisG gadafareba, kodis ganmtkiceba iqne-
boda, oRond ise, rom am dros misi warmomavloba ar gamJRa-
vnebuliyo (ar gamovleniliyo). Tumca arsebobs erTi rito-
rikuli figura, romelsac SeuZlia komparatis uzarmazari
sicarielis amovseba, romelic, Tavisi arsebobiT, bolomdea
mindobili komparantze. es figura kataqrezisia (ar arse-
bobs sxva sityva, romelic wisqvilis `frTebs~ da savarZlis
`saxelurs~ aRniSnavda; Tumca `frTebi~ da `saxelurebi~ pir-
dapiri da uSualo metaforebia). es figura, SesaZloa, ufro
fundamenturia, vidre metonimia, vinaidan misi arsebobis pi-
robebSi komparatisTvis adgili aRar rCeba; swored is aris
silamazis xorcSesxmuli figura.
(21) SexvedrixarT odesme qalebs, romelTa gamaognebel
mSvenierebas asaki verafers aklebs da romlebic 36 wlis asa-
kSi ufro sasurvelni arian, vidre 15 wliT adre? maT saxeze
mgznebare suli irekleba, TiTqos sxiviTaa mosili, TiToeu-
li nakvTi gonierebiT brwyinavs, kanis yoveli fori mTrTo-
lvare elvarebis matarebelia, gansakuTrebiT saRamos Suqze.
maTi Tvalebi momxibvlelad gizidavs da uargyofs, gesaub-
reba an mdumarebs; siarulis manera uSualobiTa da daxvewi-
li ostaturobiTaa savse, keklucurad naz da Tbil xmaSi ki
intonaciebis uSreti melodiuroba ismis. maTi qeba malamod
edeba yvelaze ufro ampartavnul Tavmoyvareobas, xolo war-
bebis moZraoba, TvalTagan gamomkrTali mcire brwyinvaleba,
maTi tuCebis msubuqi TrTolva, raRac wmindaTawminda SiSiT
aRavsebs maT, vinc sakuTar cxovrebasa da bednierebas am qal-
batonebs ukavSirebs. siyvarulSi gamoucdeli da lamazi si-
tyvebiT moxibluli gogona SeiZleba advilad Secdes, magram
amgvar qalebTan urTierTobisas mamakaci baton de Jokurs
unda hgavdes, romelsac tkivilis Sekaveba SeuZlia maSinac
ki, roca tualetSi damaluls damlagebeli qali or TiTs ka-
ris RriWoSi moayolebs...
43
am yovlisSemZle sirinozebis siyvaruli xom sakuTari
sicocxlis sasworze Segdebas niSnavs? da, albaT, amitomac
gviyvars isini ase vnebianad. aseTi iyo grafinia de lantic.
* REF. qronologia (qalbatoni de lanti 36 wlis iyo, roca...
es miniSneba an funqciuri an informaciuli mniSvnelobis
matarebelia, rac swored rom asea am SemTxvevaSi) ** REF.
legendebi siyvarulze (b-ni de Jokuri) da qalebis siyva-
rulis tipologia (upiratesoba eniWeba gamocdil qals, ga-
moucdel qalwulTan mimarTebiT) *** Tuki marianina àTas
erTi Ramis~ personaJis aslia, qalbaton de lantis sxeuli
sxva wyarodan _ cxovrebis wignidan momdinareobs (Sexve-
drixarT odesme qalebs...). es wigni (batoni de Jokuris
msgavsi) mamakacebis mier iyo dawerili, romlebic TavisTa-
vad legendebi arian, anu iseTni, romlebic unda waikiTxo,
rom siyvarulze laparaki SeZlo (SYM. sxeulTa gamravleba).
qaliSvilisgan gansxvavebiT, q-ni de lanti aRwerilia imgva-
rad, rom misi simboluri roli sruliad cxadia: ori sapiri-
spiro sqesis biologiuri RerZis nacvlad (rac gvaiZulebs
sruliad amaod gavisarjoT da novelaSi warmodgenili yve-
la qali erTsa da imave klass mivakuTvnoT), is kastraciis
simbolur RerZs qmnis (SYM. kastraciis RerZi).
XVII. kastraciis veli
erTi SexedviT, sarazini biologiuri sqesebis amomwurav

struqturas gvTavazobs (ori sapirispiro wevri, erTi Se-
reuli da meore neitraluri). es struqtura SeiZleba gani-
sazRvros falikuri terminebiT: 1. falosad yofnis funqcia
(mamakacebi: mTxrobeli, b-ni de lanti, sarazini, buSardoni)
2. falosis flobis funqcia (qalebi: marianina, qalbatoni de
lanti, mTxrobelis sayvareli qali, klotilda); 3. falosad
yofnis da misi flobis funqcia (androginebi (hermafroditi):
filipo, safo) 4. falosad aryofnis da misi arflobis funqcia
(kastrati). Tumca amgvari klasifikacia aradamakmayofile-
belia. qalebi erT biologiur klass ekuTvnian, magram gan-
sxvavebul simbolur rols asruleben: deda da Svili Sepiri-
spirebuli arian erTmaneTTan (teqsti amis Sesaxeb sruliad
44
cxadad gveubneba); q-ni de roSfidi TiTqos gaorebulia, xan
bavSvia, xan dedofali, klotilda _ araviTari niSniT araa
gansazRvruli; filipos, romelsac mamakacuri Tvisebebic
aqvs da qaluric, araferi aqvs saerTo safosTan, romelic
sarazins agiJebs (#№443); bolos, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,
am novelaSi arc erTi mamakaci ar aris srulyofili mamaka-
curobis gansxeuleba: erTi dauZlurebuli da Seuxedavia
(b-ni de lanti), meore dedobriv instinqtebs avlens (buSar-
doni), mesame qali-qalbatoniTaa moxibluli (mTxrobeli)
da ukanaskneli (sarazini) ukiduresobamdea damcirebuli.
amgvarad, klasifikacia sqesis niSniT _ warumatebelia. au-
cilebelia veZeboT sxva, ufro relevanturi niSnebi. saWi-
ro struqturis aRmoCenis saSualebas qalbatoni de lanti
gvTavazobs. Tavisi (pasiuri) qaliSvilisgan gansxvavebiT,
q-ni de lanti aqtiuri sawyisis gamoxatulebaa. is batonobs
droze (asaki verafers aklebs), sinaTles afrqvevs (sxivmom-
fenoba garkveul manZilze qmedebas gulisxmobs da Zliere-
bis umaRlesi gamovlinebaa); uxvad abnevs qebas, TamaSobs Se-
darebebiT, qmnis enas, romlis wyalobiTac mamakaci sakuTar
adgils poulobs. is maradiuli avtoritetis gansxeulebad,
tiranad gvevlindeba, romlis usityvo numen-i sicocxle-
sa da sikvdilze mbrZaneblobs; is Weqa-quxili da simSvidea.
rac mTavaria, mas SeuZlia mamakacebs ziani miayenos (baton-
ma de Jokurma xom dakarga sakuTari `TiTi~). erTi sityviT,
rogorc safos winamorbeds, romelic sarazins SiSis zars
scems, qalbaton de lantis makastrirebeli unari aqvs. is
mamis yvela fantazmaturi atributiTaa dajildovebuli _
ZalauflebiT, momajadoebeli ZaliT, pirvelyofili avto-
ritetiT, romelsac Tavzardamcemi, makastrirebeli unari
aqvs. maSasadame, simboluri veli sulac ar emTxveva biolo-
giuri sqesis vels. is kastraciis velia, romelic organize-
bulia principiT: makastrirebeli/kastrirebuli, aqtiuri/
pasiuri. swored am velSi mimdinareobs novelis personaJTa
relevanturi gadanawileba. erT mxaresaa aqtiuri kastracia,
romlis warmomadgenlebi arian: q-ni de lanti, buSardoni
(romelic sarazins seqsualuri cxovrebisgan ganaridebs) da
safo (miTiuri personaJi, romelic safrTxes uqmnis moqan-
45
dakes). vis vxedavT pasiur mxares? eseni arian novelis `mama-
kaci~ personaJebi _ sarazini da mTxrobeli, romlebic kast-
raciis velSi arian CarTuli. pirveli eswrafvis kastracias,
xolo meore _ amis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs. rac Seexeba Tavad
kastrats, araswori da gaumarTlebeli iqneboda, rom masSi
mTlianad kastrirebulobis gansaxiereba dagvenaxa; mTel am
sistemaSi is mxolod brma laqis rols asrulebs da gamudme-
biT pasiur da aqtiur polusebs Soris meryeobs: is, Tavad
kastrati, sxvebs asaWurisebs; igive exeba qalbaton de ro-
Sfids: kastracia masac Seexo, rodesac man kastratis ambavi
moismina da amaSi maSinve CaiTria mTxrobelic. rac Seexeba
marianinas, misi simboluri arsi mxolod misi Zmis, filipos
arsTan mTlianobaSi ganisazRvreba.
(22) filipos, marianinas Zmas, Tavisi dis msgavsad, saoca-
ri silamaze dedisgan memkvidreobiT ergo. erTi sityviT, es
axalgazrda kaci gansxeulebuli antinoe gaxldaT, oRond
agebulebiT ufro Txeli iyo. sigamxdre da moxdenili for-
mebi harmoniulad erwymoda mis siymawviles, xolo zeTisxi-
lisferi kani, sqeli warbebi da misi xaverdovani Tvalebis
cecxli, samomavlo mamakacuri vnebebisa da keTilSobiluri
gatacebebis sawindari gaxldaT! Tuki axalgazrda gogonebs
filipo mamakacis idealad miaCndaT, maT dedebsac ar avi-
wydebodaT igi, radgan safrangeTSi erT-erT sasurvel sasi-
Zod Tvlidnen. * REF. xelovneba (antikuri). ** SEM. simdidre
(erT-erTi sasurveli sasiZo safrangeTSi) da xmelTaSuazR-
vispireloba (zeTisxilisferi kani, sqeli warbebi) *** axal-
gazrda filipo arsebobs, rogorc ori modelis _ dedamisisa
da antinoes asli: biologiuri da qromosomuli wigni, aseve
wigni qandakebis Sesaxeb (romlis gareSec silamaze utyvi iq-
neboda, e.i. èrTi sityviT~, antinoed darCeboda: magram ra
SeiZleba kidev iTqvas? da ra unda iTqvas kidev antinoeze?).
(SYM. sxeulTa asli) **** SYM. kastraciis RerZi. filipos
qaluri nakvTebi evfemizmiTaa Serbilebuli (`xSiri warbebi~,
`mamakacuri vnebebi~), radgan sakmarisia iTqvas axalgazrda
ymawvilze, rom lamazia, is maSinve feminizdeba, qalTa banak-
Si, aqtiuri kastraciis mxares aRmoCndeba: filipos araviTa-
ri saerTo ar aqvs kastraciasTan. amitomac Cndeba kiTxva: ra
simboluri datvirTvis matareblebi unda iyvnen filipo da
marianina?
46
XVIII. kastratis STamomavloba
siuJeturi TvalsazrisiT, arc filipo da arc marianina

ar asruleben raime arsebiT rols: marianina monawileobas
iRebs beWdis gadacemis umniSvnelo epizodSi (epizodi, ro-
melic de lantis ojaxis saidumlosadmi interesis gaRvive-
bas iTvaliswinebs); filipos arseboba ki semantikuri Tval-
sazrisiT, mxolod da mxolod qalTa klanTan SeerTebamde
daiyvaneba (Tavisi ormagi morfologiisa da im mizezis gamo,
rom igi saTuTad da mzrunvelobiT eqceva moxucs). Tumca,
rogorc vnaxeT, am banakis wevrebi biologiuri sqesisadmi
mikuTvnebulobis mixedviT ki ar ganisazRvrebian, aramed Ta-
vad kastraciis vels warmoadgenen). amave dros, arc mariani-
nas da arc filipos ar aqvT is Tvisebebi, rac kastratebs axa-
siaTebT. aba, ra SeiZleba iyos maTi simboluri daniSnuleba?
is SeiZleba iyos Semdegi: orive _ dac da Zmac _ qalurebi
arian imitom, rom q-ni de lantis `qaluri~ naSierebi arian
(maTSi dediseuli niSnebis memkvidreobaa win wamoweuli), e.i.
zambinelas STamomavlebi (q-ni de lanti zambinelas Zmiswu-
lia): isini saWironi arian imisTvis, rom maTSi Tavad zambi-
nelas qaluroba warmoCndes. mniSvneloba aseTia: zambinelas
rom Svilebi hyoloda (paradoqsi, romelic avlens im nakls,
romlis gansaxierebacaa zambinela), maT memkvidreobiT ise-
Tive moxdeniloba da qaluroba gadaecemodaT, rogorebic
marianinasa da filipos aqvT. TiTqos zambinela yovelTvis
ocnebobda, rom normaluri yofiliyo, TiTqos masSi raRac
teleologiuri arsi cocxlobda, romelic kastrirebis gamo
daikarga da es arsi, kastraciisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naklo-
vanebis miuxedavad, sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara qaluroba, rome-
lic STamomavlebSi _ marianinasa da filipoSi _ memkvidre-
obiT gadavida.
(23) mimzidveloba, simdidre da goniereba am bavSvebs swo-
red dedisgan ergoT. * saidan modis lantebis simdidre? am
me-2 gamocanaze pasuxi aseTia: qalbatonisgan, qalisgan. her-
menevtikuli kodis wesebis Tanaxmad, aq amoicnoba gamocana
(nawilobriv mainc), gveZleva, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, pasuxis
nawili. amasTanave, WeSmariteba warmodgenilia CamonaTval-
47
Si; parataqsisis nakadi iTrevs mas, atrialebs, xelidan ar
uSvebs, da bolos, arc ukan abrunebs. maSasadame, gamocanis
amocnobas aferxebs TvalTmaqcoba, dabrkoleba (Tu drois
gawelva). am WeSmaritebisa da tyuilis Serevas, am arasrul
gamocnobas, am bundovan pasuxs ekivoki vuwodoT (HER. ga-
mocana 2: ekivoki). ** (SYM. sxeulTa asli) (bavSvebis sxeuli
dedis sxeulis sruli aslia).
(24) b-ni de lanti momcro tanis iyo, uSno, nayvavilari sa-
xiT, espaneliviT pirquSi da bankiriviT mosawyeni; Tumca mas
gonier politikosad miiCnevdnen, albaT imitom, rom iSviaTad
icinoda da gamudmebiT meternixsa da velingtons citirebda.
* REF. xalxis da profesiebis fsiqologia (espaneli da banki-
ri). ** batoni de lantis roli umniSvneloa: is, rogorc banki-
ri da zeimis gammarTveli, saSualebas iZleva, rom TxrobaSi
parizelTa maRali finansuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb zRapru-
li ambebi CairTos. misi funqcia simboluria: am adamianis usa-
xuri portreti mas zambinelas STamomavlobidan (qalurobis
STamomavali) amoricxavs. is umniSvnelo, usaxuri mamis saxea
da novelaSi im arasrulyofili, kastrirebuli mamakacebis
jgufs uerTdeba, romelTaTvisac ucxoa tkboba. misi roli
makastrirebeli/kastrirebuli-s paradigmis gamyarebiT Se-
moifargleba (SYM. kastraciis RerZi).
(25) es idumalebiT moculi ojaxi iseTive momxiblavi iyo,
rogorc baironis poema, romlis bundovanebas maRali sazo-
gadoebis TiToeuli wevri sxvadasxvagvarad ganmartavda da
strofidan strofSi gadasul amaRlebul da bundovan saga-
lobels uwodebda. * REF. literatura (baironi) ** HER. ga-
mocana 3: Tema da gamocanis dasma (ès idumalebiT moculi
ojaxi~). *** TiTqos baironis wignidan gadmosuli es ojaxi
Tavad aris wigni, strofidan strofSi gamoxatuli. realisti
avtori dros xarjavs, raTa gamudmebiT moixmos sxvadasxva
wigni. realoba misTvis isaa, rac odesRac ukve daiwera (SYM.
sxe-ulis reproduqcia).
(26) sifrTxile, rasac q-ni da b-ni de lantebi TavianT
warmomavlobasTan, warsulsa da msoflios oTx qveyanasTan
kavSiris Sesaxeb iCendnen, TavisTavad, didxans aravis unda
gakvirveboda parizSi. vespasianes aqsioma arc erT qveyanaSi
48
ise ar gaugiaT, rogorc safrangeTSi. aq sisxliTa Tu WuWyiT
dabinZurebuli oqros monetebi Crdils ar ayenebs Tqvens re-
putacias da mTeli sidiadiT warmoCndeba. mTavaria, maRalma
sazogadoebam gaarkvios, ramdenad mdidari xarT da maSinve
migiReben im adamianTa rigebSi, romelTa simdidrec Tqvensas
uswordeba; amisTvis aravin mogTxovT Tqveni warmomavlobis
damadasturebel sigel-gujars, radgan yvelam kargad uwyis,
raoden iafi Rirs igi. qalaqSi, sadac socialuri problemebi
algebruli gantolebis saSualebiT wydeba, avantiuristebs
warmatebis SesaniSnavi SesaZlebloba aqvT. am ojaxs boSuri
warmomavlobac rom hqonoda, is imdenad mdidari iyo, imde-
nad mimzidveli, rom maRali sazogadoeba advilad Seundob-
da mas am patara saidumloebas. * REF gnomikuri kodi (Non ölet,
leqsikonis vardisferi furclebi) da parizuli oqros
miTologia. ** CEM internacionaluroba. *** HER. gamocana
3 (lantebis warmomavloba): gamocnoba (aq raRac saidumlo
imaleba), tyuili (SeiZleba lantebis ojaxi boSebidan momdi-
nareobs). **** HER. gamocana 2 (simdidris warmomavloba): ga-
mocanis dasma (ucnobia, saidan gaCnda simdidre).
XIX. miniSneba, niSani, fuli
Zvelad (gvatyobinebs teqsti) fuli àmxelda~. is niSnis

rols asrulebs da zustad miuTiTebs ama Tu im faqtze, mi-
zezsa Tu bunebaze. Cvens droSi is yvelafers warmoadgens:
fuli aris ekvivalenti, moneta, reprezentaciis saSualeba,
erTi sityviT _ niSani. miniSnebasa da niSans Soris arsebobs
saerTo _ warweriT aRniSvnis meTodi. miwaTmflobelobis
monarqiidan industriul monarqiaze gadasvlisas sazogado-
ebam Secvala wigni, man (didgvarovnuli) sigeli (simdidris)
angariSiT Caanacvla, reskripti _ uwyisiT, magram yovel-
Tvis emorCileboda garkveuli tipis werilobiT formas. fe-
odalursa da burJuaziul sazogadoebas, aseve, miniSnebasa da
niSans Soris gansxvaveba aris is, rom miTiTebas aqvs warmoma-
vloba, niSans ki _ ara. miniSnebidan niSnisken gadasvla uka-
naskneli (Tu amosavali) zRvris, warmomavlobis, saZirkvlis,
principebis ideis rRvevas niSnavs; es ekvivalenturobisa
49
da reprezentaciis dausrulebel TamaSebSi CarTvas warmo-
aCens, romelsac veraferi SeaCerebs, mimarTulebas ver Seu-
cvlis, erT adgilze ver SeaCerebs, romelime mimarTulebiT
ver mimarTavs, ver daakanonebs. fulis warmomavlobis mimarT
parizelTa indiferentuloba simbolurad imaze miuTiTebs,
rom fuls warmomavloba ar gaaCnia. fuli, romelsac suni ar
aqvs, aris fuli, romelic miniSnebidan momdinare mTavar mo-
Txovnas ar emorCileba _ kerZod imas, rom misi warmomavlo-
ba unda iyos kurTxeuli: es fuli carielia, rogorc kastra-
ti; parizul oqros, romelic fiziologiuri unayofobis
analogia, ar SeuZlia hqondes warmomavloba da zneobrivi
memkvidreoba: niSnebi (monetaruli, seqsualuri) sulierad
avadmyofebs mogvagoneben, vinaidan miniSnebebisgan gansx-
vavebiT (romlebic wina sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelobis
matareblebi iyvnen), isini safuZvelSive arian moklebul-
ni maTi Semadgeneli nawilebis raRac sawyis, urRvev, ucv-
lel, mouSorebel gansxvavebulobas. miniSnebaSi imas, razec
mianiSneben (aristokratia), gansxvavebuli buneba aqvs, xolo
is, rac mianiSnebs (fuli) _ sxva. maTi Sereva _ SeuZlebelia:
niSans, romelic reprezentaciis (da ara ganpirobebulobis
da qmnis) qvakuTxedia, orive mxares SeuZlia rolebis Secvla;
aRmniSvneli da aRsaniSni erTmaneTis gardaqmnis dausrule-
bel procesSi arian Cabmulni: is, rac iyides, SeiZleba xelax-
la gaiyidos, aRsaniSns SeuZlia aRmniSvnelad gardaiqmnas da
a.S. rogorc feodaluri miniSnebis WeSmariti Semcvleli _
burJuaziuli niSani metonimiuri uwesrigobaa.
(27) magram, samwuxarod, de lantis ojaxis idumalebiT
moculi garemo, ana radklifis romanebis msgavsad, gamudme-
biT cnobismoyvareobiT savse interess iwvevda. * REF. gamoca-
na 3 (saidan modian de lantebi?) gamocanis Cafiqreba ** REF.
literatura (ana radklifi).
(28) dakvirvebuli adamianebi, anu iseTebi, romelTac yo-
velTvis ainteresebT, romel maRaziaSi iyideT Sandlebi, an
ramdeni gadaixadeT binisTvis, Tuki is moswonT, SeniSnes, rom
dResaswaulebze, koncertebze, mejlisebze, RonisZiebebze,
romlebsac grafis meuRle awyobda, drodadro viRac uc-
nauri adamiani Cndeboda. * REF. romanistebis, moralistebis,
50
fsiqologebis kodebi: dakvirvebuli adamianebis dakvirveba.
** aq Cafiqrebuli (Cndeba ucnaurobis gancda) da Tematize-
bulia (saubaria viRac ucnaur personaJze) axali gamocana
(HER. gamocana 4. Tema da gamocanis Cafiqreba).
(29) es iyo mamakaci. * Tumca moxuci mamakaci ar aris; aq di-
skurss mkiTxveli SecdomaSi Sehyavs (HER. gamocana 4. tyuili).
XX. xmebis gabneva
vin laparakobs? nuTu es mecnierebis xmaa, romelic `pi-

rovnebis~ sqesidan gamomdinare, logikurad askvnis, rom is
`mamakacia~ da ganzraxuli aqvs misi xelaxali specifikacia
`kastratis~ saxed? iqneb es fenomenologis xmaa, romelic
saxels arqmevs mxolod imas, rasac uSualod xedavs _ am
SemTxvevaSi moxucis mamakacur samoss? SeuZlebelia gamona-
Tqvamis warmomavlobis dadgena, visime TvalsazrisTan misi
dakavSireba, magram swored es SesaZlebloba aRmoCndeba
erT-erTi kriteriumi, rac teqstis mravlobiTobis Sefase-
bis saSualebas iZleva. rac ufro rTulia gamonaTqvamis war-
momavlobis dadgena, miT maRalia teqstis mravlobiTobis
done. Tanamedrove teqstSi xmebi ise erTdeba, rom maT Soris
nebismieri zRvari qreba: aq diskursi, an, ukeT, mxolod ena
saubrobs. klasikur teqstSi, piriqiT, gamonaTqvamebs, upi-
ratesad, TavianTi warmomavloba aqvT. maTi mamisa an mflo-
belis dadgena rTuli ar aris: zogjer Eis (personaJis an
avtoris) cnobierebaa, zogjer _ esa Tu is kultura (sxvaTa
Soris, anonimurobac garkveuli warmomavloba da xmaa; xma,
romliTac, magaliTad, gnomikuri kodi saubrobs). zogjer
isec xdeba, rom amgvar klasikur teqstSi (romelic gamona-
Tqva-mis warmomavlobis problemiT sakmaod dainteresebu-
lia) xma ucbad ixSoba, TiTqos diskursis raRac xvrelSi ga-
edineba. aseT dros klasikuri mravlobiTobis warmodgenis
saukeTeso saSualebaa teqstis, rogorc erTmaneTSi garda-
mavali xmebis polifoniisTvis yuris gdeba; xmebis, romlebic
sxvadasxva talRebze ismis da drodadro uecrad miwydeba
xolme; Tan xmebis es miwydoma gamonaTqvams saSualebas aZle-
vs, erTi TvalTaxedvidan meoreze gaufrTxileblad gadai-
51
nacvlos. es tonaluri arastabiluroba (rac Tanamedrove
teqstSi srul atonalobamde midis) weras efemerulad mo-
elvare muars amsgavsebs.
(30) pirvelad igi stumrebiT savse darbazSi koncertis
dros gamoCnda. rogorc Cans, is aqeT marianinas momajado-
ebelma xmam miizida. * SEM. musikaluroba (sema TiTqos WeSma-
ritebas gveubneba, vinaidan moxuci Zveli momReralia, magram
marianinas amis srulad gaxsnis Zala ar Seswevs).
(31) _ raRac uecrad Semcivda, _ mimarTa Tanmxlebs kar-
Tan axlos mjdomma qalbatonma.
iqve mdgomi mamakaci qalebs gaecala.
_ ra ucnauria, damcxa! _ Tqva qalbatonma ucnobis wa-
svlis Semdeg. _ SeiZleba giJad CamTvaloT, magram mainc
vfiqrob, rom es sicive im SaviT mosili kacisgan modioda,
romelic axlaxan wavida. * SEM. sicive (es moZravi aRsaniSni
Tavidan baRs daukavSirda, axla ki moxucs miemarTeba). **
SYM. antiTeza: sicive/siTbo (baRisa da darbazis, sulieris
da usulos antiTeza aq kvlav gamoCnda).
(32) male maRali sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
gazviadebisken swrafvis wyalobiT, am idumalebiT mocul pi-
rovnebas uamravi TavSesaqcevi gamocana, metismetad uazro
gansazRvreba da sasacilo eWvi daukavSirda: * REF. maRali
wrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli qceva. ** HER. gamocana 4 (vin aris
moxuci?) mcdari pasuxi: anonsi. cru pasuxi, rogorc herme-
nevtikuli kodis elementi, imiT gansxvavdeba Secdomisgan,
rom diskursi Riad acxadebs mis simcdares.
(33) SeiZleba is ar yofila vampiri, sisxlismwoveli, bo-
roti suli, xelovnuri adamiani, faustisa da robin gudfe-
lous msgavsi arseba, magram fantastikis moyvarulTa sity-
vebiT, mas mainc hqonda yvela am adamianis msgavsi arsebis
Tvisebebi. * HER. gamocana 4. mcdari pasuxi №
# 1 ** SEM. ze-bu-
nebrivi da ze-drouli (moxuci Tavad sikvdilis gansaxiere-
baa, romelic marto ar kvdeba. sikvdils, romelic ar kvdeba,
damatebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs _ damatebiTi sikvdili).
(34) drodadro Cndebodnen germanelebi, romelTac sje-
rodaT am gamogonili xumrobisa, romelSic parizelTa Rvar-
Zlianoba vlindeboda. * REF. eTnikuri fsiqologia: epoqis pa-
radigma: germanelebi _ miamitebi, parizelebi _ damcinavebi.
52
(35) ucnobi ki, ubralod, moxuci iyo. * REF. gamocana 4.
tyuili (ucnobi ar aris ùbralod~ moxuci). ** mTxrobeli (an
diskursi?) cdilobs, enigmaturoba simartivisken mimarTos;
is faqtis jiutad damcvelad gvevlineba, uaryofs nebismier
miniSnebas zRaparze, miTsa Tu simboloze da tavtalogiis
saSualebiT (moxuci moxuci iyo), enas usargeblos xdis: aq
mTxrobeli (Tu diskursi) mimarTavs sakuTar warmosaxvas,
romelic asimbolias efuZneba (SEM. asimbolia).
(36) zogierTi axalgazrda kaci, romlebsac CveodaT, yo-
vel diliT evropis momavali ramdenime daxvewili fraziT
gadaewyvitaT, ucnobSi viRac did kriminals, ganuzomeli
simdidris mflobels xedavda. ambis mTxzvelebi am moxucis
cxovrebas aRwerdnen da im Semzaravi danaSaulebebis WeSma-
ritad gansacvifrebel detalebs gadmoscemdnen, romlebic
TiTqos maisoris mefis samsaxurSi yofnisas Caidina. bankire-
bi ki, ufro pozitiuri adamianebi, damajereblad sxva zRa-
pars miiCnevdnen. _ `kargi erTi~! _ ambobdnen isini TavianTi
ganieri mxrebis Semwynarebluri aweviT, _ ès sabralo moxu-
ci, ubralod, genueli Tavia!~ * HER. gamocana 4; mcdari pasu-
xebi #№2,3,4 (mcdari pasuxebi kulturul kodebs ukavSirdeba:
axalgazrda cinikosebi, ambis mTxzvelebi, bankirebi) ** CEM.
simdidre.
(37) _ batono Cemo, Tu Tavxedobad ar CamiTvliT, iqneb
amixsnaT, ras gulisxmobT `genuel TavSi~?
_ es aris kaci, romelmac uzarmazari kapitali daagrova
da, cxadia, mis janmrTelobasa da sicocxlezea damokidebu-
li am ojaxis Semosavali. * yofili ganTqmuli varskvlavis
qonebasa da lantebis qonebas Soris rom kavSiri arsebobs,
marTalia. magram saeWvoa, rom moxucis mimarT ojaxis Tbili
mzrunveloba angarebiTaa ganpirobebuli: yovelive es erTad
ekivoks qmnis (HER. gamocana 4; ekivoki).
(38) maxsovs, q-n de eparTan movismine, rogor amtkicebda
erTi hipnoziori, rom istoriuli monacemebis guldasmiTi
Seswavlisa da moxucis SuSis qveS moqcevis Sedegad, igi cno-
bili balzamo, an rogorc mas uwodeben, kaliostro aRmoCnda.
am Tanamedrove alqimikosis Tanaxmad, sicilieli avanturis-
ti sikvdils gadaurCa da Tavs imiT iqcevs, rom Tavisi Svili-
53
SvilebisTvis oqros amzadebs. feretis mosamarTlem am uc-
nob pirovnebaSi grafi de sen-Jermeni amoicno. * HER. gamoca-
na 4. mcdari pasuxi № 5 ** SEM. ze-drouloba. aq SegviZlia ori
damxmare (Sesustebuli) konotaciis xma gavigonoT: gamonaT-
qvami _ SuSis qveS _ zogierTisTvis usiamovnebismomgvrel
mumias _ dabalzamebul, dakonservebul gvams gvaxsenebs.
alqimikosebis oqro ki dacarielebuli oqroa, romelsac
warmomavloba ar gaaCnia (igivea, rac spekulantebis oqro).
(39) Cvens droSi urwmuno sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli STagonebuli toniTa da damcinavi saxiT naTqvami yvela
es abdaubda, kidev ufro aZlierebda de lantis ojaxis mi-
marT aRZrul eWvebs. * REF. xalxis fsiqologia: damcinavi pa-
rizi. ** HER. gamocana 3. gamocanis Cafiqreba da Tematizacia
(Cven winaSea gamocana da misi obieqtia _ de lantis ojaxi).
*** HER. gamocana 4: mcdari pasuxi #№6. hermenevtikul Tan-
mimdevrulobaSi mcdari pasuxebi erTgvar bloks ayalibebs
(kibernetikuli terminologiiT, elementaruli an subpro-
gramuli konfiguracia); es bloki ritorikul kods eqvemde-
bareba (ganmartebis kodi); anonsi (#№32), eqvsi mcdari pasuxi,
reziume (#№39).
XXI. ironia, parodia
Tavad diskursis mier Ggacxadebuli ironiuli kodi

`sxvis~ eqsplicituri citirebaa; is yovelTvis raRacis
afiSirebas gulisxmobs da Tavad am faqtiT arRvevs poliva-
lenturobas, romlis molodinic, wesiT, diskursidan gamo-
mdinare, unda gvqonoda kidec, radgan igi citirebis princi-
pzea agebuli. polivalenturi teqsti Tavis konstituciur
orbunebovnebas bolomde mxolod im SemTxvevaSi inarCu-
nebs, Tuki WeSmaritebasa da sicrues Soris sazRvars auqmebs,
Tuki Tavis gamonaTqvamebs (Tundac diskreditaciis mizniT)
aRiarebul avtoritetebs ar miawers, Tuki warmomavlobis,
winaprebis, sakuTrebis mimarT yovelgvar erTgulebas Zirs
uTxris, Tuki axSobs nebismier xmas, romelic teqstisTvis
(òrganuli~) mTlianobis miniWebas cdilobs, erTi sityviT,
Tuki is, daundobeli gaiZverasaviT, spobs brWyalebs, rom-
lebSic, rogorc amboben, wesiT da rigiT, yovelgvari citata
54
unda moTavsdes da amiT frazebi sxvadasxva mepatroneze iu-
ridiulad unda gaanawilos, miwis nakveTebis msgavsad. mize-
zi ki isaa, rom (ironiis mier mxilebuli) polivalenturoba
sakuTrebis uflebis darRvevis erT-erTi saSualebaa. saWi-
roa im kedelze gadasvla, romelic xmas werisgan mijnavs,
vinaidan wera uaryofs yovelgvar miTiTebas sakuTrebaze da
amitomac, ar SeiZleba ironiuli iyos; yovel SemTxvevaSi, mis
ironiulobaSi verasodes viqnebiT darwmunebuli (aseTi ga-
nusazRvreloba damaxasiaTebelia iseTi diadi teqstebisT-
vis, rogorebicaa sadis, furies da floberis teqstebi). su-
bieqtisTvis (romelic TiTqos distancirebulia yvela ucxo
enisgan, raTa ufro ganmtkicdes, rogorc sakuTari diskur-
sis subieqti) aRmocenebuli parodia (romelsac SeiZleba
vuwodoT erTgvari ironia moqmedebaSi) sxva araferia, Tu ara
klasikuri ena. rad SeiZleba gardaiqmnas parodia, romelic
ar cxaddeba, rogorc aseTi? ai, problema, romlis winaSecaa
Tanamedrove mwerloba: rogor gadavlaxoT gamonaTqvamis,
warmomavlobis, sakuTrebis kedeli?
(40) dabolos, garemoebaTa ucnauri damTxveviT, am ojaxis
wevrebma Tavad misces sababi sazogadoebaSi Worebis agore-
bas, radgan ase asaidumloebdnen TavianT kavSirs moxucTan
da mis cxovrebas yovelgvari cnobismoyvareobis gamovline-
bisgan ifaravdnen. * HER. gamocana 4: gamocanis Tqma; `saidum-
lo~, romliTac moculia moxucis pirovneba, aseve idumale-
biT moculi qmedebebis rigiT gamovlindeba.
(41) moxucis yoveli gamoCena im oTaxebs gareT, romlebic
mas de lantis saxlSi ekava, ojaxis wevrTa did mRelvarebas
iwvevda. TiTqos es raRac zemaRali mniSvnelobis movlena
iyo. mxolod filipo, marianina, q-ni de lanti da moxuci msa-
xuri sargeblobdnen upiratesobiT, daxmarebodnen ucnobs
siarulSi, adgomasa Tu dajdomaSi. TiToeuli maTgani yura-
dRebiT akvirdeboda mis mcire moZraobasac ki. * SYM. qalTa
banaki. ** HER. gamocana 4: gamocanis Tqma (idumali qceva).
(42) Canda, rom am grZneul pirovnebaze iyo damokidebuli
mTeli ojaxis bedniereba, cxovreba Tu keTildReoba. * SEM.
grZneuleba. es niSani SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc WeSmari-
tebis indikatori, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom kastrats, zebu-
55
nebrivi mediumis msgavsad, moxibvlis unari aqvs. aseTi iyo,
magaliTad, kastrati farineli, romelic filipe V espanels
Tavisi yoveldRiuri simReriT (sul erTi da igive motiviT,
wlebis ganmavlobaSi) kurnavda an mZime melanqolias umsubuqebda.
(43) ra iyo es _ SiSi Tu siyvaruli? maRali sazogadoebis
warmomadgenlebi ver poulobdnen miniSnebasac ki, romelic
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmarebodaT. * HER. gamocana
4. gamocanis Tqma da pasuxis blokireba.
(44) Tveebis ganmavlobaSi romeliRac uxilavi sakurTxe-
vlis siRrmeSi damaluli de lantis ojaxis es idumali suli,
moulodnelad da Cumad gamoCndeboda xolme darbazebSi,
Zveli zRaprebis frTian drakonze amxedrebuli feriebis
msgavsad, romlebic imisTvis ecxadebodnen adamianebs, rom
disonansi SeetanaT dResaswaulSi, romelzec maTi dapati-
Jeba daaviwydaT.* SEM. xibli, grZneuleba. ** REF. jadosnuri
zRapari.
(45) mxolod dakvirvebuli Tvali SeamCnevda aseT dros
maspinZelTa SeSfoTebas, romelTac araCveulebrivad exer-
xebodaT sakuTari grZnobebis dafarva. * HER. gamocana 4. ga-
mocanis Tqma (idumali qceva).
(46) Tumca, zogjer, Sua kadrilis cekvisas, maT Soris
yvelaze miamiti marianina SeSinebul mzeras miapyrobda xol-
me moxucs, romelsac mocekvaveTa jgufidan Tvalyurs ade-
vnebda an filipo gaarRvevda brbos, raTa masTan misuliyo
da mis gverdiT darCeniliyo, iseTi sinaziTa da yuradRebiT
aRsavse, TiTqos adamianTa mcire Sexeba an sulis Sebervac ki
daamsxvrevda am ucnaur qmnilebas. grafinia yovelTvis cdi-
lobda, TiTqos SemTxveviT miaxleboda mas; aseT SemTxvevaSi
misi saxis yoveli moZraoba erTdroulad gamoxatavda sina-
zesa da pirmoTneobas, morCilebasa da despotizms; or Tu sam
sityvas warmoTqvamda da moxuci TiTqmis yovelTvis emorCi-
leboda mis nebas, an vinmes gaayvaninebda xolme darbazidan an
Tavad gahyavda. * SEM. sinaze da infantiluroba. ** HER. ga-
mocana: gamocanis Tqma (idumali qceva) *** moxuci kastratia
da mas ar aqvs sqesi; misTvis SeiZleba migveniWebina saSualo
sqesi, magram frangul enaSi saSualo sqesi ar arsebobs da di-
skursi, roca mas surs, rom ìcruos~, orazrovani arsebiTi
saxelebiT aRniSnavs kastrats: morfologiurad es saxelebi
56
mdedrobiTi sqesisaa, Tumca semantikurad isini gavrcobi-
lia da SeuZliaT erTdroulad gaaerTianon rogorc mde-
drobiTi, aseve mamrobiTi sqesi: aseTi sityvaa Creature _ qmni-
leba (Semdeg ki gvxvdeba: cette organisation feminine _ `sxeulis es
qaluri agebuleba~). (SYM. kastratis saSualo sqesi).
(47) roca qalbatoni de lanti iq ar iyo, grafi aTas xriks
mimarTavda, rom mas miaxloeboda; magram moxuci, rogorc
Cans, didad ar ugdebda yurs da grafic gaTamamebuli bavSvi-
viT eqceoda, romelsac deda kaprizebs ukmayofilebs an misi
gakapasebis eSinia. * HER. gamocana 4. gamocanis Tqma (iduma-
li qceva) ** grafi ar ekuTvnis qalTa banaks: erTi mxaris (qa-
lebis) daxvewili da warmatebuli qmedebani ewinaaRmdege-
ba meoris (kacebis) warumatebel da mouxeSav saqciels; b-ni
de lanti (ojaxis ufrosi) zambinelas STamomavali ar aris.
da mainc, simboluri distribucia aq kidev erTxel zustde-
ba: qalis (q-ni de lanti) xelTaa realuri Zalaufleba, mamis
avtoriteti, mamakacs ki (b-n de lantis) qaoturi da arares-
peqtabeluri avtoriteti aqvs. deda avtoritetulia (SYM.
kastraciis RerZi).
(48) zogierTi mouridebeli da daufiqrebeli bedavda da
graf de lantis gamokiTxvas iwyebda, magram es civi da TavSe-
kavebuli kaci iseT gamometyvelebas iRebda, TiTqos cnobi-
smoyvareTa kiTxvebi arc esmoda. amgvarad, moxucis vinaobis
dadgenis araerTgzisi mcdelobis Semdeg, rac ojaxis yvela
wevris sifrTxilis gamo amao Seiqna, am mkacrad daculi sai-
dumlos gamokvlevas ukve aRaravin cdilobda. maRali sazo-
gadoebis jaSuSebi, doylapia usaqmurebi da politikosebi
brZoliT daiRalnen da am saidumlos gamoZieba Sewyvites. *
diskursi gamocanas amouxsnelad acxadebs. hermenevtikuli
kodis TvalsazrisiT, am xerxs SeiZleba ewodos blokireba
(amas xSirad mimarTaven deteqtiur romanebSi) (HER. gamocana
4. blokireba).
(49) magram am wuTSic ki, SesaZlebelia, am brwyinvale dar-
bazSi iyvnen filosofosebi, romlebic miirTmevdnen nayins,
SarbaTs an magidaze dgamdnen daclil punSis Wiqebs da ambobdnen:
_ ar gamikvirdeba, Tu gavigeb, rom eseni TaRliTebi
ari-an. am moxucs, romelic sul sadRac imaleba da mxolod
zamTris an zafxuli buniobisas Cndeba, mkvlelis gamomety-
veleba aqvs...
57
_ an gakotrebulis...
_ es TiTqmis erTi da igivea. adamianisTvis zogjer ga-
kotreba uaresia, vidre sikvdili. * REF. xalxis fsiqologia
(parizi) da gnomikuri kodi (adamianis gakotreba...). ** SEM.
grZneuleba, xibli (moxucze amboben, Tundac ironiulad,
rom grZneulis msgavsad, is wlis magiur dReebSi Cndeba).
(50) _ batonebo, me 20 luidori davde, maSasadame, 40
mekuTvnis.
_ ki, batono, magram magidaze mxolod 30 darCa.
_ ah! ai, SexedeT, ra areuli sazogadoebaa. aq TamaSic ki
SeuZlebelia.
_ marTalia... magram male eqvsi Tve gaxdeba, rac TvaliT
ar gvinaxavs is sulieri. rogor fiqrobT, viTom cocxali
arsebaa?
_ aba, vin icis...
es ukanaskneli sityvebi Cems maxloblad viRac ucnobeb-
ma warmoTqves, romlebic wavidnen * SEM. ze-bunebrivi (ara-
amqveyniuri, ze-drouli). * TamaSis dros gamqrali fuli,
TiTqos qarma waiRoo, simbolurad oqros tolfasia, rome-
lic Cndeba ise, rom ar viciT da arc vcdilobT gavigoT, Tu
sai-dan gaCnda igi. mas arc warmomavloba aqvs da arc daniS-
nuleba. is (parizuli oqro) kastraciisTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li sicarielis substitutia (SYM. oqro, sicariele).
(51) swored im wuTebSi, rodesac sakuTar fiqrebs vaja-
mebdi, romlebSic erTmaneTSi ireoda sinaTle da wyvdiadi,
sicocxle da sikvdili, Cems giJur warmosaxvaSi, iseve ro-
gorc Cems TvalTa winaSe, erTmaneTs enacvleboda xan dRe-
saswauli, mTeli Tavisi brwyinvalebiT, xanac baRis Savbneli
suraTi * (SYM. antiTeza. AB: reziume).
(52) ar vici, ramden xans davyavi adamianis cxovrebis ga-
momxatveli medlis am ori mxaris Sesaxeb fiqrebSi, * ACT. `fi-
qri~: 1: fiqrebSi yofna. ** medali ori mxaris SeuTavseblobis
gamoxatulebaa: antiTezis gamyofi xazis msgavsad, metali
gaumtaria; da mainc, mxareebi SeerTdebian, antiTeza ki da-
irRveva (SYM. antiTeza: AB: Sualeduroba)
(53) magram uecrad axalgazrda qalis mogudulma sicilma
gamomafxizla. * ACT. `Cafiqreba~: 2: Sewyveta. ** ACT. `sicili:
1: sicilis atydoma.
58
(54) gaognebuli davrCi im suraTis xilviT, romelic Cem
Tvalwin gadaiSala. * suraTi: zogadi termini, romelsac
(ritorikulad) Semohyavs antiTezis mesame versia: baRisa
da dResaswaulis, sicivisa da sicxis dapirispirebis Semdeg,
axalgazrda qalisa da moxucis dapirispireba Cndeba. antiTe-
zis sxva formebis msgavsad, esec ori Serwymuli sxeulis da-
pirispirebazea agebuli, Tan es sxeulebrivi antiTeza, Tavis
mxriv, fiziologiuri aqtis _ sicilis Sedegad Cndeba. sici-
li, rogorc yvirilis substituti, romelsac halucinaciu-
ri zemoqmedeba aqvs, antiTezis kedels angrevs, medlis or
mxares Soris zRvars anadgurebs, `normalur~ paradigmul
sazRvars auqmebs, romelic sicivesa da sicxes, sicocxlesa
da sikvdils, suliersa da usulos erTmaneTisgan mijnavs.
amas garda, novelaSi sicili kastracias ukavSirdeba: swored
`sicilis~ gamo Tanxmdeba zambinela Tavisi megobrebis wina-
dadebas, monawileoba miiRos sarazinis winaaRmdeg dadgmul
farsSi, rac sarazinis gapampulebas iTvaliswinebs. da swo-
red dacinvis sapasuxod cdilobs sarazini, rom sakuTari ma-
makacuroba warmoaCinos (SYM. antiTeza: AB. anonsi).
(55) bunebis raRac ucnauri kaprizis gamo, gaorebuli
fiqri, romelic Cems gonebaSi trialebda, iqidan gamovida da
Cem win dadga xorcSesxmuli, cocxali; is Cemi Tavidan amoC-
qefda, rogorc minerva iupiteris Tavidan, didi da Zlie-
ri, erTbaSad asi wlisac da ocdaori wlisac, cocxalica da
mkvdaric. * SYM. antiTeza: AB: Sereva (antiTezis kedeli ga-
dalaxulia). ** REF. miTologia. minervas miTSi gansacvifre-
beli is ki ar aris, rom qalRmerTi gamovida mamis Tavidan,
aramed is, rom is iyo `didi da Zlevamosili~, SeiaraRebuli
da bolomde Camoyalibebuli. (fantastikuri) saxe, romlis
modeladac minervaa moxseniebuli, ar zustdeba, is uecrad
da uSualod erTveba realobaSi, salonis garemoSi; is TiTqos
sakuTar dabadebamde iyo ukve dawerili da, ubralod, weris
erTi sistemidan meores gadaecema: aq xdeba weris transskri-
fcia, Canasaxis momwifebisa da organuli warmoSobis gareSe.
** REF. qronologia. axalgazrda qali _ ocdaori wlis, moxu-
ci _ asi wlis. cifri ocdaori dazustebulia, rac realuro-
bis efeqts qmnis da metonimiurad es sizuste gvafiqrebinebs,
59
rom moxuci zustad 100 wlisaa (da ara, vTqvaT, daaxloebiT
100 wlis).
(56) Tavisi oTaxidan gamoparuli Cia moxuci, sakans Tav-
daxsnili giJiviT, mardad gaZvra stumrebis zurgs ukan, rom-
lebic marianinas Sesrulebul tankredis kavatanas gatace-
biT usmendnen. * SEM. ze-bunebrioba (sigiJe gamodis `bunebis~
sazRvridan). ** SEM. musikaluroba. *** REF. musikis istoria
(rosini).
(57) TiTqos is miwidan raRac Teatraluri meqanizmis wya-
lobiT amoimarTa. *SEM. manqana, meqanikuroba (manqanasTan gai-
givebiT moxuci miekuTvneba araadamianur, arasrul samyaros).
(58) uZravi da pirquSi saxiT, ramdenime wuTis ganmavlo-
baSi Tvals adevnebda dResaswauls, romlis xmauri albaT
miswvda mis smenas. TiTqos gabruebuli iyo, magram sagnebs
iseTi yuradRebiT akvirdeboda, rom amden xalxs verc ki am-
Cnevda. * SEM. ze-buneba, garesamyaro. ** SYM. antiTeza: A;
moxuci.
(59) uecrad, yovelgvari ceremoniis gareSe SeCerda pari-
zis yvelaze momxibvleli qalis siaxloves, * SYM. antiTeza:
AB: elementebis areva. sxeulebis areva (antiTezis darRveva)
aRniSnulia ara siaxlovis gamo (siaxloves), aramed moxucis
moulodneli gamoCeniT. gamoCenis amgvari forma adastu-
rebs, rom sivrce, sadac subieqti imyofeba, mzad ar aRmoCnda
mis misaRebad, radgan mTlianad sxva adamianiT iyo dakavebu-
li: axalgazrda qali da moxuci xvdebian saerTo sivrceSi,
sivrceSi, romelic erTisTvisaa gankuTvnili.
(60) axalgazrda natifi formebiT gamorCeul da elegan-
tur mocekvavesTan, erT imaTganTan, romlebic bavSvebiviT
norCebi arian, iseTi sustni, vardisferni da TeTrni, iseTi
gamWvirvaleni, rom gegonebaT, kacis mzera ise gaaRwevs maTSi,
rogorc mzis sxivebi _ gamWvirvale minaSi. * SYM. anTiteza: B:
axalgazrda qali. ** sxeuli aslia wignidan: axalgazrda qali
Tavis warmomavlobas iRebs cxovrebis wignidan (èrT imaT-
ganTan...~: mravlobiTi ricxvi aq Semajamebel, registrire-
bul, dafiqsirebul gamocdilebaze miuTiTebs) (SYM. sxeul-
Ta reproduqcia). *** axalgazrda qali simbolur sivrceSi
naadrevadaa CarTuli: misi portretis (semuri) Seqmna mxo-
60
lod axla iwyeba. Semdeg is saxes icvlis: gamWvirvale, nazi
da norCi qali-bavSvi, rogorc es #№90-Sia, gadaiqceva sruli
formebis mqone, Zlier (`mZime~), naTlismfrqvevel da ara naT-
lisSTanmTqmel qalad, erTi sityviT _ aqtiur qalad (Cven
kargad viciT, rom amgvari aqtiuroba dakavSirebulia maka-
strirebel sawyisTan). am dros, cxadia, antiTezis moTxovni-
lebebis Tanaxmad, diskurss SeuZlia moxuci-manqana mxolod
qal-bavSvs (SYM. qal-bavSvs) daupirispiros.
(61) isini idgnen aq, Cem win, orni, erTad, gaerTianebulni
da erTmaneTs ise mWidrod mikrulni, rom ucnobi exeboda mis
gazis kabas, yvavilebis girliandebs, mis talRovan Tmas, mdi-
drul qamars. * ori erTmaneTSi Sereuli sxeuli aRniSnulia
ori konotaciiT: erTi mxriv, mokle sintagmebis SemWidroe-
buli ritmi (oriveni erTad/SeerTebulni/mikrulni) diagra-
matikulad qmnis erTmaneTs mikruli, sunTqvagaZnelebuli
sxeulebis saxes da, meore mxriv, damyoli, rbili nivTebis
(gamWvirvaloba, girliandebi, talRovani Tma, mdidruli qa-
mari) saxes, romelTac SeuZliaT Seqmnan vegetatiuri substa-
cia (SYM. antiteza: AB: Sereva). ** simbolurad, Cven aq vesw-
rebiT kastratis qorwils: urTierTsawinaaRmdegoni erTma-
neTs izidaven, kastrati eufleba qals (romelic, Tavis mxriv,
idumali xibliT Sepyrobili (ris Sesaxebac mogvianebiT ga-
xdeba cnobili) kastrats Semoexveva): es aris aqtiuri metoni-
mia, romlis wyalobiTac kastracia iTrevs axalgazrda qals,
mTxrobelsa da sarazins (SYM. kastratis qorwineba).
(62) es axalgazrda qali q-n de lantis wveulebaze me mi-
viyvane. vinaidan pirvelad iyo am saxlSi,MSevunde uneburi mo-
guduli sicili, Tumca mainc Sevecade, mbrZanebluri Jeste-
biT SemeCerebina, ramac daafiqra da STaagona, gverdiT myo-
fisTvis pativi eca. * SYM. qali-bavSvi (mTxrobeli axalgazr-
da qals epyroba, rogorc bavSvs, romelic sigiJeebs sCadis).
** ACT. `sicili~: 2: Sewyveta.
XXII. Zalian bunebrivi qmedebebi
iTvleba, rom arsebobs uvnebel niadagze amozrdili,

mravalricxovani araarsebiTi qmedebebisgan Semdgari didi
struqturebi, mniSvnelovani simboloebi da rCeuli azrebi,
61
romelTac diskursi mxolod imisTvis afiqsirebs, rom `da-
majereblobis~ STabeWileba Seqmnas: faqtobrivad, kritika
yovelTvis gamodis im idealidan, rom teqstSi arsebobs um-
niSvnelo elementebi, rac niSnavs, rom masSi gvxvdeba raRac
bunebrivi: azris upiratesoba gulisxmobs ara-azrobrivis
arsebobas, romelic warmoCenilia imitom, rom gamokveTos
dabali rangis wmindad kritikuli roli. amasTan, struqtu-
ris idea ver uZlebs warmomavlobisa da sqemis, umniSvnelosa
da mniSvnelovnis gayofas: struqtura ar aris gegma, arc sqe-
ma da arc monaxazi: misTvis yvelaferi mniSvnelobis mqonea.
amaSi rom davrwmundeT, sakmarisia davakvirdeT elementa-
rul proairetizmebs (romlebic Zalian umniSvnelod gveCve-
neba), romelTa standartuli paradigma aseTi tipisaa: dawye-
ba/dasruleba an gagrZeleba/Sewyveta. am Zalian xSir SemTxve-
vebSi (Cvens teqstSi: sicili, CaZirva, damalva, Cafiqreba, da-
kavSireba, muqara, xelis mokideba da a.S.), notaciis saSuale-
biT dadgenili arseboba Tu procesi Semkobilia dasasruliT
da, rogorc Cans, eqvemdebareba erTgvar logikas (romelic
warmoSobs droebiTobas: klasikuri nawarmoebi fundamentu-
rad emorCileba logikur-droismier wesrigs). dasasrulis
gaCena (sityva, romelic zustad aris erTdroulad droebiTi
da logikuri) TiTqmis yvela aRweril process aZlevs Sinagan
ganawess, romelic `bunebrivi saxiT~ gvTavazobs sazRvrebs,
Sedegebs, gadawyvetilebebs, erTi sityviT, kriziss. amasTan,
krizisi aris kulturuli modeli. es modeli damaxasiaTe-
belia dasavluri warmodgenebisTvis organul cxovrebis
Sesaxeb (hipokrate), poetikisa da logikisTvis (aristotele-
seuli kaTarzisi da silogizmi) da axla, Cvens droSi, socia-
lur-ekonomikuri sinamdvilisTvis. amasTan, aucilebelia
aRiniSnos dasasruli yvela moqmedebisa (finali, Sewyveta,
dasruleba, kvanZis gaxsna), riTac sakiTxavi teqsti sakuTar
istoriulobaze miuTiTebs. bunebrivia, am wesis darRve-
va SesaZlebelia, magram mxolod skandalis fasad, vinaidan
es aris diskursis buneba, romelic darRveuli aRmoCndeba;
axalgazrda qalis sicili SeiZleba arasodes Sewyvetiliyo,
mTxrobelic SeiZleba verasodes gamosuliyo Tavisi fiqre-
bidan an Tavad diskurss SeiZleba uecrad sxva rameze efiqra,
gascdenoda imas, rac unda Seetyobinebina, Seecvala xazi da
62
ukeTesad gaeba Tavisi bade. ucnauria, Cven kvanZs (istori-
is) swored imas veZaxiT, rac gaxsnisken iswrafvis, am kvanZs
ki krizisuli procesis dasawyisSi vucvliT adgils da ara
bolos. kvanZi aris is, rac ketavs, amTavrebs, ajamebs yovel-
gvar qmedebas, is dokumentze xelis moweris msgavsia. sityvis
uaryofa _ dasasruli (dasasrulis, rogorc sityvis uaryo-
fa) xelmoweraze skandaluri uaris Tqmas niSnavs, rasac ne-
bismieri Cveni `SetyobinebiT~ vadasturebT.
(63) is CemTan axlos dajda. * ACT. `SeerTeba~: 1: dajdoma.
(64)��
moxucs ar surda moSoreboda Tavis momxibvlel me-
zobels, romelsac Rrmad moxucebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
mdumare da bavSvurad umizezo JinianobiT miekra. *** kastra-
ti miizida axalgazrda qalma, ukiduresoba _ Tavisive uki-
duresobam, medlis meore mxare _ pirvelma (SYM. kastratis
qorwili).
(65) axalgazrda qalTan axlos rom damjdariyo, dasakeci
skami unda moetana. mis yovel moZraobas daRad aCnda moma-
kvdinebeli sicive, dambladacemulTa qmedebebisTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli briyvuli yoymani. is nela, sifrTxiliT dajda
Tavis skamze * ACT. `SeerTeba~: 2: gverdiT dajdoma ** REF.
moxucTa fsiqologia.
(66) da ramdenime sityva gaurkvevlad Caibutbuta. misi
gabzaruli xma WaSi Cavardnili qvis xmaurs hgavda. * xmauri
qvisa, romelic WaSi vardeba, ar aris `gabzaruli~ xma, Tum-
ca frazis konotaciuri jaWvi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre
metaforis sizuste. es jaWvi aerTianebs Semdeg elementebs:
usulo qvis inercia, Wis saflaviseburi siRrme, asakovanis
wyvetili xma, romelic axalgazrda qalis srulqmnili, nar-
nari da `rbili~ xmis antonimia: aq aRsaniSni aRmoCndeba erT-
gvari `sagani~, xelovnuri da manqanasaviT Wriala (SEM.
meqanikuroba).
(67) ��
SeSfoTebulma axalgazrda qalma xeli momiWira, Ti-
Tqos raRac safrTxisgan Tavis dacvas cdilobda da akankal-
da, * SEM. mojadoeba.
(68) roca am kacma mas mas ori gayinuli, momwvano feris,
mqrqali sadafisferi Tvali miapyro.* gayinuli Tvalebi
uaresia, vidre civi. leqsia gvamis, sikvdilis konotaciaa,
romelic adamianis formiT cxaddeba da wina planze gamo-
63
dis usiamovno detali _ gaxelili Tvalebi (micvalebulis
daxuWuli Tvali miuTiTebs warxocvas sicocxlis niSan-
wylisa, saboloo sikvdils mkvdrisa, WeSmaritad mkvdars).
mimqral, momwvane fers aq ar aqvs aranairi denotaciuri mniS-
vneloba (umniSvneloa, zustad ra feria mimqrali), vinaidan
konotaciurad (kulturis TvalsazrisiT) es aris Tvalis
feri, romelic ver xedavs, mkvdari Tvalebi, es aris feris
sikvdili, romelsac ar SeuZlia iyos feradi (SEM. sicive).
(69) _ meSinia, _ miTxra man, Cems yurTan daxrilma. * SEM.
mojadoeba.
(70) _ SegiZliaT xmamaRla ilaparakoT _ vupasuxe me _
mas Zalian cudad esmis.
_ maSasadame, Tqven mas icnobT?
_ diax. * moxucis siyrue (rac gamarTlebulia misi asakiT)
aq saWiroa im informaciis misaRebad (iribad), rom mTxrobe-
li amouxsneli gamocanis gasaRebs flobs. aqamde Cven vic-
nobdiT mTxrobels, rogorc mxolod `poetis~ antiTezas, aq
ki gvecxadeba mTxrobelis mdgomareobaSi. moqmedebas iwyebs
proairetizmi: codna istoriisa/misi moyola da a.S. rogorc
vnaxavT, es proairetizmi Semdeg Zalian Zlier simbolos
gvTavazobs (ACT. `Txroba~: 1: istoriis codna).
(71) Semdeg man gadawyvita yuradRebiT Seeswavla gverdiT
myofi arseba, romelsac Znelad Tu uwodebdi saxels ada-
mianur enaze. es iyo forma usubstanciod, yofna sicocxlis
gareSe Tu sicocxle _ umoqmedod. * saSualo sqesi, kastra-
tis specifikuri mdgomareoba aq gamoxatulia imiT, rom mas
ar aqvs suli (Tu suliereba: usulo indoevropul enaze aris
saSualo sqesis ganmsazRvreli). privatuli asli (gareSe...)
aris kastratis diagramatikuli forma, garegnulad cocxa-
li, romelsac sicocxle aklia (SYM. saSualo sqesi). ** mox-
ucis portreti, romelic aRiwereba da romelic aq winaswar
aris ritorikulad gancxadebuli, Tavis dasabams iRebs axal-
gazrda qalis mier ganxorcielebul kadrirebaSi (gadawyvita
yuradRebiT Seeswavla), magram es TviTmyofadi xma wydeba da
diskursi agrZelebs deskrifcias: moxucis sxeuli ferweru-
li modelis asli xdeba (SYM. sxeulTa asli).
64
XXIII. ferwera, rogorc modeli
nebismieri mxatvruli aRwera aris garkveuli perspeqti-

va. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom mTxrobeli aRweramde jdeba
fanjarasTan, ara imdenad imisTvis, rom kargad dainaxos, ara-
med imitom, rom CarCoSi Casvas, myari sazRvrebi Seuqmnas imas,
rasac Tavad fanjris CarCos miRma xedavs: fanjris CarCo qm-
nis sanaxaobas. aRwera niSnavs mxolod carieli CarCos gamar-
Tvas, romelsac realisti mwerali yovelTvis Tan atarebs
(CarCo misTvis ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre molberti) sagne-
bis garkveuli nakrebisa Tu rigis winaSe, romelic sityvisT-
vis miuwvdomeli rCeba am WeSmaritad maniakaluri operaciis
gareSe (romelic sicils moggvris, rogorc filmis komediu-
ri epizodebi). imisTvis, rom mwerals amis Sesaxeb laparakis
ufleba hqondes, saWiroa dasabamieri ritualiT es `realo-
ba~ daxatul (CarCoSi Casmul) sagnebad gardaqmnas, ris Semde-
gac mas eqneba SesaZlebloba, es sagnebi kedlidan Camoxsnas,
gamoiRos igi Tavisi ferweruli tilodan, erTi sityviT _
gamosaxos (rac niSnavs kodebis xaliCis gaSlas, damokidebu-
lebis dadgenas ara enebsa da referentebs Soris, aramed Ta-
vad kodebs Soris). amgvarad, realizmi (cudad saxeldebuli,
yovel SemTxvevaSi, xSirad cudad interpretirebuli) aris
ara realobis kopireba, aramed realobis (ferweruli) aslis
kopireba: es xSirad naxsenebi realoba, romelic SiSis gamo
gvikrZalavda pirdapir masTan Sexebas, gadaweulia ufro da
ufro Sors, gadavadebulia an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, aRqmulia
im ferweruli saburvelis saSualebiT, romliTac mas vmosa-
vT, vidre sityvebs davuqvemdebarebT: kodi kodze _ ambobs
realizmi. amitomacaa, rom realizms ar SeiZleba davarqvaT
àslis~ Semqmneli, is ufro mimbaZvelia (meoreuli `mimezi-
sis~ saSualebiT is asls iRebs imisa, rac Tavad aris asli).
sibriyviTa Tu TavxedobiT Jozef bridom ver SeigrZno ve-
ranairi sircxvili, roca is rafaels baZavda (vinaidan fer-
mwerma unda gaakeTos sxva, winamavali, adrindeli kodebis
asli), xolo balzaki, Tavis mxriv, am mimbaZvelobas yovel-
gvari uxerxulobis gareSe acxadebda Sedevrad. kodebis da-
usrulebel brunvaSi erTxel Casmuli sxeuli mas ukve ver-
65
sad gaeqceva: realuri sxeuli (mocemuli, rogorc aseTi, ga-
monagonis saSualebiT) aris erTgvari modelis reproduqcia,
xelovnebis kodebiT imgvarad gamoTqmuli, rom sxeulebidan
TviT yvelaze `bunebrivi~ àmrevi qalis~ sxeuli mxolod da
mxolod artistuli kodis dapirebaa, saidanac igi momdi-
nareobs (èqimi, sakmaod kargi anatomisti gogonas sxeulis
momxibvlelobis aRiarebisas, mixvda, ramdens dakargavda xe-
lovneba, Tu es araCveulebrivi modeli Tavs mindvris samu-
SaoebiT gainadgurebda~). amgvarad, kodebi TviT realizmSic
ki arasodes Cerdeba: sxeulis reproduqcia SeiZleba Sewydes
mxolod maSin, roca is gamodis bunebis CarCoebidan an iRebs
Seudarebeli qalis garegnobas (aq saubaria `Sedevrze~), an
xdeba raRac adamianis bunebas moklebuli qmnileba (es aris
kastrati).Yyovelive es wamoWris orgvar problemas: upirve-
les yovlisa, sad da rodis daiwyo es aRmatebuli ferweru-
li kodi literaturul mimezisSi? ratom gaqra igi? ratom
mokvda mwerali fermweris ocneba? ram Caanacvla is? gamom-
saxvelobiTi kodebi Cvens droSi mravalwevriani sivrcis sa-
sargeblod ingreva, romlis modeli ukve aRar SeiZleba iyos
ferwera (an `tilo~), magram iqneba Teatri (scena), rogorc
amis Sesaxeb malarmem gvamcno (yovel SemTxvevaSi, amis sur-
vili hqonda). da aseve: Tu literatura da ferwera Sewyvets
ierarqiul urTierTdamokidebulebas, Tu erTi ukuagdebs
meores, maS, risTvis aRviqvaT isini erTdroulad urTierT-
Semavsebel da erTmaneTisgan gaTiSul sferoebad? erTi sit-
yviT, klasificirebulad? ratom ar vauqmebT maT Soris sxva-
obas (wmindad substanciurs)? ratom ar vambobT uars `xelo-
vnebaTa~ simravleze, raTa ukeT davadasturoT `teqstebis~
mravalferovneba?
(72) Cemi Tanmxlebi Sepyrobili iyo imgvari Zlieri cno-
bismoyvareobiT, romelic qalebs ubiZgebs, eZion saSiSi emo-
ciebi, naxon awyvetili vefxvi an uzarmazari gveli da, amave
dros, aZrwunebdeT fiqri imaze, rom yovelive amisgan myife
barieri aSorebT. * SEM. mojadoeba ** REF. qali da gveli.
(73) patara moxucs zurgi dRiur muSasaviT hqonda moxri-
li, Tumca mainc advilad SeamCnevdiT, rom odesRac saSualo
simaRlis unda yofiliyo. am adamianis gadaWarbebuli si-
66
gamxdre da kidurebis sinatife amtkicebda, rom yovelTvis
moxdenili proporciebi eqneboda. * REF. ritorikuli kodi:
prozopografia (`portreti~ miekuTvneboda ritorikul
Janrs, romelsac sapatio adgili eWira II saukunis (qristes
Semdeg) neoritorikaSi: is iyo brwyinvale da gamorCeuli
fragmenti; mocemul SemTxvevaSi diskursi portretSi rac
SeiZleba meti semis gamoyofas cdilobs) ** SEM. silamaze
(adrindeli).
(74) mas ecva Savi abreSumis mokle Sarvali, romelic misi
xorcgaclili barZayebis garSemo daSvebuli afrasaviT
frialebda. * SEM. sicariele. daSvebuli afris saxe uZlure-
bis konotacias amatebs, rac drois warmavlobaze miuTiTebs:
qari Cadga, cxovreba gavida.
(75) anatoms rom moxucis patara fexebi enaxa, romelsac
sxeuli eWira, maSinve SeniSnavda asakobrivi gamofitulobis
Semzarav niSnebs * SEM. monstri (ara-bunebrivi). HER. gamo-
cana 4. Tema da gamocanis amocnoba (Tavisi sxeuliT moxuci
gamocanis sagania)
(76) misi fexebi saflavze gadajvaradinebul or Zvals
mogagonebdaT. * SEM. sikvdili (aRmniSvneli warmoaCens ku-
Txovanis, geometriulis, _ anu yovelive haerovanisa da mce-
nareulis antiTeturi formis sapirispiros, sxva sityvebiT
rom vTqvaT, Tavad cxovrebis konotacias).
(77) adamianis mimarT saSineli grZnobiT ganimsWvalebo-
diT, am SemTxveviT meqanizmSi wlebiT daRdasmul rRvevis sa-
Sinel niSnebs roca dainaxavdiT. * SEM. meqanikuroba.
(78) ucnobs TeTri Jileti ecva, misi oqroTi moqarguli,
Zvelmoduri perangi qaTqaTebda. mkerdze yviTel iarusebad
efina inglisuri maqmanis monarinjisfro Jabo, imdenad Zvir-
fasi, rom nebismier dedofals SeSurdeboda. magram masze es
maqmanebi ufro ZonZs hgavda, vidre samkauls. am Jaboebs So-
ris mzesaviT ubrwyinavda fasdaudebeli brilianti.* SEM.
gadametebuli asaki, qaluroba (pranWiaoba), simdidre.
(79) es Zvelmoduri simdidre, es uZvirfasesi da ugemov-
no samkaulebi am ucnaur arsebas gansakuTrebul iers aZle-
vda. * RFE. gamocana. 4 (vin aris moxuci?): Tema da gamocanis
gamocnoba. ugemovnoba ukavSirdeba tansacmels, romelSic
qalurobisa da simdidris arss veZebT da yuradRebas ar va-
67
maxvilebT imaze, ramdenad Seefereba igi esTetiurad Tu
socialurad am adamians (es aris ùZvirfasesi samkaulebi~):
samaskarado kostiums ufro metad Seesabameba vulgaru-
loba, vidre sinatife, vinaidan qaluroba am SemTxevaSi aris
arsi da ara faseuloba. vulgaruloba xdeba kodis sakuTre-
ba (amitomac SeuZlia mas moxibvla) ise, rogorc daxvewiloba
miekuTvneba samsaxiobo ostatobis sferos.
(80) CarCo Rirseul portrets imsaxurebda. mas hqonda
Savi, usiamovno da erTianad danaoWebuli saxe, nikapi _ Camo-
vardnili, safeTqlebi _ Cacvenili, Tvalebi _ Rrma, moyvi-
Talo sferoebSi Cakarguli. yvrimalis Zvlebi, romlebic
aRuwereli sigamxdris gamo win iyo wamosuli, loyebis CaR-
rmavebebs mkveTrad warmoaCenda. * REF. ritorikuli kodi;
portreti. moxucis ukiduresi sigamxdre miuTiTebs sibere-
ze, magram aseve sicarieleze, defeqturobiT gardaqmnaze. es
ukanaskneli sema ueWvelad ewinaaRmdegeba saWurisis _ msu-
qnis, gaberilis, sicarielisgan SeSupebulis stereotips. mi-
zezi isaa, rom konotacia warmoaCens ormag konteqsts: sintag-
maturi TvalsazrisiT, sicariele ar ewinaaRmdegeba damWknari
moxucis saxes; xolo paradigmulad, sigamxdre, rogorc sica-
riele, ewinaaRmdegeba sruliad janmrTel, mcenareuli wveniT
avsebul, mwife axalgazrda qals (SEM. sicariele).
(81) SuqiT met-naklebad ganaTebuli yvela es simrude Cr-
dilebsa da ucnaur anareklebs qmnida, romlebic misi saxidan
adamianis niSanwyals sabolood Slida. * SEM. Aara-miwieri.
(82) wlebs ise Zalumad miekra am arsebis Zvlebze yviTe-
li da sifrifana saxis kani, rom uamravi naoWiT aRevso, ro-
melTagan zogi wriseburi iyo, rogorc rkalebi aRelvebuli
wylisa, roca bavSvi Caagdebs xolme masSi qvas, zogi minis bza-
rebiviT varskvlavis formis, magram yovelTvis ise Rrma da
ise SemWidroebuli, rogorc wignis furclebis SemonaWeri. *
SEM. ze-asaki (naoWebis ukiduresi raodenoba, mumia).
XXIV. transformacia, rogorc TamaSi
metaforuli gadatvirTva (wyali, SuSa, wigni) warmoSobs

diskursis TamaSs. TamaSi, rac mowesrigebuli qmedebaa da yo-
velTvis eqvemdebareba ganmeorebas, aris ara is, rom am Sem-
68
TxvevaSi Seagrovos sityvebi wminda verbaluri siamovnebi-
saTvis (logorea), aramed enobrivi forma (aq _ Sedareba) ga-
amravlos ise, TiTqos surs, amowuros sinonimebis usazRvro
gamogoneba, erTgvarad gaimeoros da gaamravalferovnos
aRmniSvnelebi da ase daamtkicos teqstis mravlobiToba,
misi ukan dabrunebis principi. amgvarad, balbekis liftSi,
sadac prustiseul mTxrobels surs, saubari gaabas axalgaz-
rda meliftesTan, mas araferi gamosdis, radgan melifte ar
pasuxobs; mTxrobeli ambobs, rom es moxda: àn imitom, rom ga-
aoca Cemma sityvebma, an imitom, rom Zalian yuradRebiT eki-
deboda Tavis samuSaos, an etikets icavda, an smena hqonda da-
qveiTebuli, an adgils scemda pativs, an safrTxis SiSi hqon-
da, an gonebrivad iyo CamorCenili, an direqtoris miTiTebas
asrulebda~. aq TamaSs aqvs gramatikuli buneba (da amis gamo
gansakuTrebiT samagaliToa), rac niSnavs imas, rom mxolobiT
sintagmur rigSi akrobatulad ganalagos (rac SeiZleba xan-
grZlivad) SesaZleblobebis mravlobiTi sxvadasxvaoba, yo-
veli mizezis gamomxatveli verbaluri winadadeba (`vinaidan
mas kargad ar esmoda~) `gardaqmnas~ ormag substantivad (yu-
ris siyrue), mokled, Seqmnas erTgvari mdgradi modeli, ro-
melsac dausruleblad gardasaxavs. es ki sakuTari Sexedu-
lebis mixedviT enobrivi wesebiT manipulirebas gvTavazobs:
aqedan momdinareobs Tavad yovlisSemZleobis sixaruli.
(83) xSirad SeiZleba Sexvde SemaZrwunebeli garegnobis
moxucs, magram Cven winaSe mdgar moCvenebas gansakuTrebu-
lad usicocxlo, xelovnuri arsebis iers saxeze sqlad da-
debuli ferumarili aniWebda, warbebi ki ise ubrwyinavda
lampis Suqze, rom mis niRabiviT saxes xelovanis mier kargad
daweril portretad gardaqmnida. sabednierod, misi gvamis
msgavsi Tavi, mzerisTvis Semawuxebuli es ubadruki naSTi,
Semaluli iyo Ria feris parikSi, romlis auracxeli kululi
gansakuTrebul pretenziulobaze metyvelebda. * REF. moxu-
cis garegnoba. ** SEM. ze-buneba, qaluroba, usulo sagani. si-
lamaze, rogorc vnaxeT, mxolod didi kulturuli modeli-
dan (literaturuli da mxatvruli) SeiZleba iyos kataqre-
ziT inducirebuli: silamaze Tavis Tavs acxadebs, magram ver
aRiwereba. samagierod, simaxinje aRiwereba kargad, mxolod
69
isaa `realisturi~, is upirispirdeba referents Sualeduri
kodis gareSe (saidanac amodis warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, rom
realizmi xelovnebaSi mxolod simaxinjeebs aRwers). Tumca
mocemul momentSi aq gvxvdeba modifikacia (warmodgenis,
azris Setrialeba), kodis reversia, vinaidan Tavad moxuci
sxva araferia, Tu ara `xelovanis mier dawerili portreti~:
ai, aq vxedavT mis sxeuls xelovnebis nimuSis aslSi CarTuls
da mas aqvs sakuTari oreuli: rogorc niRabi, is zustad asa-
xavs Tavis Tavs, imas, rac imaleba misi `niRbis~ qveS. erTia
mxolod, is qmnis asls sakuTari Tavisa da amgvari gaoreba ga-
xlavT tavtologiuri, steriluri, rogorc ucxo naxatebis
aslebi.
(84) am fantasmagoriuli personaJis qaluri sikekluce
gamoixateboda wyvili sayuriT, oqros beWdebiT, romelTa
fasdaudebeli qvebi gaZvaltyavebul TiTebze brwyinavda,
saaTis jaWviT, romelic ise elvarebda, rogorc briliantis
yelsabami qalis kiserze. * SEM. qaluroba, ara-miwiereba,
simdidre.
(85) mis iaponuri kerpis msgavs molurjo tuCebze ki (...)
* iaponuri kerpi (SesaZlebelia, budac, rac unda gasaocari
iyos) konotacias axdens ferumarilisa, romelic dadebulia
mis vnebagaclil, araadamianur saxeze; is aRwers misteriul
ugrZnoblobas sagnisa, im sagnisa, romelic cxovrebis kopi-
rebas axdens da am cxovrebas sagnad gardaqmnis (SEM. sagani).
(86) daundobeli da damcinavi, micvalebulis msgavsi Ri-
mili gayinuliyo. * SeCerebuli, gayinuli Rimili warmoaCens
daWimuli kanis (rogorc kosmetikuri operaciis Sedegad) su-
raTs, Tavad cxovrebas, romelsac aklia kanis is mcire nawi-
li, romelic Tavad cxovrebis substancias Seadgens. moxucSi
isev da isev xdeba cxovrebis kopireba, magram am aslSi yovel-
Tvis aris warmodgenili nakli, rogorc kastraciis niSani
(ase, magaliTad, tuCebs aklia wiTeli feri, rac sicocxles
mianiWebda mas) (SEM. Ffantastikuri, ara-miwieri).
(87) qandakebasaviT mdumare, uZravi moxuci romeliRac
gardacvlili hercoginias Zveli kabebis msgavs muSkis suns
afrqvevda, romlebic memkvidreebma karadis ujridan aRwe-
ris mizniT amoaTries. * SEM. sagnebi, ze-asaki;
70
(88) roca moxuci mzeras mocekvaveebisken mimarTavda,
mogeCvenebodaT, rom mis Tvalis gugebs ar SeeZloT naTeli
aereklaT da is raRac xelovnuri, uxilavi ZaliT moZraobda;
xolo roca mzeras raimeze SeaCerebda, mxilvels eWvs uCenda,
rom mas mzeris raimeze gadatana SeeZlo. * (sicive, xelovnu-
roba, sikvdili (Tojinis Tvalebi).
XXV. portreti
portretSi ise `dafusfuseben~ azrebi, TiTqos isini viRa-

cam mimofanta gamWoli, raRac uwesrigo formiT da disci-
plina ver daamyara. es aris, erTi mxriv, ritorikuli wesri-gi
(anonsi da detali) da, meore mxriv, anatomiuri ganawile-ba
(sxeuli da saxe); es ori registri moicavs kodebsac, romle-
bic erTmaneTs zed edeba gabneuli aRsaniSnebiT da isini gve-
vlinebian, rogorc bunebrivi Tu gonismieri operatorebi;
amgvarad, diskursiT (`portretiT~) Seqmnili saboloo saxe
aris erTgvari saxe bunebrivi formisa, mniSvnelobebiT ise
gaJRenTili, TiTqos mniSvneloba warmoadgendes mxolod me-
oreul predikats erTgvari dasabamieri sxeulisa. marTlac,
portretis bunebrioba modis iqidan, rom erTmaneTze zede-
buli mravali kodi adgilebs moinacvlebs da ver Tanxvdeba.
maT erTeulebs ar aqvT arc erTnairi ganlageba, arc zoma da
am araerTgvarovnebas, teqstis erTmaneTze uwesrigo fene-
bad dalagebas, mivyavarT Sedegamde, rasac SegviZlia dikur-
sis asxleta vuwodoT, _ bunebriobis efeqtamde: rogorc ki
ori kodi erTdroulad daiwyebs moqmedebas, talRebis ara-
erTgvari ganfenilobis mixedviT warmoiqmneba moqmedebis
STabeWdileba, cxovrebis saxe, mocemul momentSi _ portre-
ti. portreti (Cvens teqstSi) ar aris realisturi reprezen-
tacia, Sekruli asli, ris Sesaxebac warmodgenas mogvcemda
figuraluri mxatvroba. es gaxlavT scena, Sedgenili azro-
brivi blokebiT, romlebic Sevsebulia, aris erTdroulad
mravalferovani, gameorebuli da erTmaneTisgan mowyvetili.
am blokebis Kkonfiguracia (ritorikuli, anatomiuri da fra-
zobrivi) qmnis sxeulis diagramas, magram ara mis asls (mo-
71
cemul damokidebulebaSi portreti srulad eqvemdebareba
lingvistur struqturas, radgan ena icnobs mxolod diagra-
matikul analogiebs, anu analogiebi, etimologiuri azriT,
aris proporciebi): sityvisa da sastumro oTaxis fonze mo-
xucis sxeuli ar gamoiyureba, rogorc realuri referenti;
is Tavad warmoadgens semantikur sivrces da sivrced swo-
red imitom iqceva, rom iZens mniSvnelobas. sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, `realisturi~ portretis kiTxva aris ara realistu-
ri kiTxva, aramed kubisturi: mniSvnelobebi kubebis msgavsia,
isini uwesrigod arian SequCebulni, erTmaneTs acdenilni,
gverdigverd moTavsebulni, magram erTmaneTis STanmTqme-
lni, romlebic qmnian suraTis saerTo sivrces da am sivrces
gardaqmnian adamianis sxeulis damatebiT (damxmare da ato-
pikur) mniSvnelobad: figura ar aris mniSvnelobebis jami an
CarCo, an sayrdeni, is aris kidev erTi mniSvneloba, erTgvari
diakritikuli parametri.
XXVI. aRsaniSni da WeSmariteba
yvela aRsaniSni, romelic Seadgens portrets, aris `WeS-

mariteba~, vinaidan yvela erTad gansazRvravs moxucs; carie-
li, usulo, qaluri, dromoWmuli, urCxuli, mdidari _ am se-
maTagan TiToeuli TanxmobaSi modis denotaciur WeSmari-
tebasTan moxucis Sesaxeb, romelic asakovani kastratia, erT
dros saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobili pirovneba, saarakod
mdidari. yvela es sema aRniSnavs simarTles, magram erTadac
rom davawyoT isini, mainc ar iqneba sakmarisi misi saxelde-
bisTvis (sabednierod, swored es xelmocaruloba iZleva
imis SesaZleblobas, rom siuJeturi WeSmariteba naadrevad
ar gamJRavndes). maSasadame, NniSans aqvs SesaZlebloba (da es
sruliad cxadia), rom hermenevtikuli Rirebuleba SeiZinos:
yvela azrobrivi procesi aris WeSmaritebisken swrafvis
procesi: klasikur teqstSi (romelic warmoaCens istoriul
ideologias) azri ereva WeSmaritebas da mniSvneloba aris
gza WeSmaritebisken: Tu mivaRwevT imas, rom saxeli daerq-vas
moxucs, misi WeSmaritebac (rom moxuci saWurisia) maSinve ga-
moCndeba. Tumca hermenevtikul sistemaSi konotaciis aRsa-
72
niSni sruliad gansakuTrebul adgils daikavebs: is aris ki-
dec arasrulyofileba, naklovaneba da WeSmaritebis uZlu-
reba, Tan amgvari nawilobrivi naklovaneba arsebiT rols
TamaSobs: Tavad WeSmaritebis tvirTisgan gaTavisuflebis
uunaroba warmoadgens kodur elements, hermenevtikul mor-
femas, romlis funqciaa, rac SeiZleba gaaZlieros gamocanis
wre, metad amouxsneli gaxados igi, misces koncentrirebuli
gamomsaxveloba.
swored es yuradRebis daZabva aniWebs gamocanas Zalas
da amitomac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rac metia niSani, miT me-
tad bundovani xdeba WeSmariteba, miT meti mouTmenlobiT
velodebiT pasuxs. konotaciuri aRsaniSni aris indeqsi, am
sityvis anbanuri mniSvnelobiT: is mxolod miuTiTebs, magram
arafers ambobs. razec is miuTiTebs, aris saxeli, WeSmarite-
ba, rogorc saxeli. mas aqvs survili, saxeli daarqvas WeSma-
ritebas da, amave dros, arc amis Zala Seswevs (imisTvis, rom
gamoCndes saxeli, induqcia ufro warmatebuli unda iyos,
vidre misi indeqsaluri procedura), is aris enis wveri, ro-
melsac mogvianebiT moswydeba WeSmariteba, saxeli. amgvarad,
klasikur teqsts yovelTvis Tan sdevs mimaTiTebeli da mun-
ji moZraobis mqone TiTi. didi xnis nanatri WeSmariteba Se-
narCunebulia erTgvar srulyofil zRudeSi, romlis erTba-
Sad gamaTavisuflebeli da katastrofuli darRveva bolos
mouRebs TviT diskurss; da personaJi, aRmniSvnelebis sivr-
ceSic ki, arasodes iqneba sxva ram, Tu ara gamocanis im nomi-
naturi formebis gardamavali momenti, romliTac oidiposma
(sfinqsTan saubarSi) miTiurad aRniSna mTeli dasavluri
diskursi...
(89) am adamianuri namsxvrevebis maxloblad Canda axal-
gazrda qali. * SEM: antiTeza: (axalgazrda qali): anonsi.
(90) misi moSiSvlebuli da TeTri yeli, mxrebi da gulispi-
ri, savse formebi, gafurCqnuli silamaze da alebastrisfer
Sublze dafenili xSiri Tmebi _ siyvaruls STagagonebdaT.
misi Tvalebi naTels ki ar STanTqavda, aramed afrqvevda. am
nazi mSvenierebiT aRsavse da sulmTlad axalgazrda qalis
haerovani kululebi, misi surnelovani sunTqva, am aCrdilisa
da mtvrad qceuli kacisTvis Zalian mZime, Zlieri da mSfoT-
73
vare mogeCvenebodaT: * SEM. antiTeza: B (axalgazrda qali).
** SEM mcenareuloba (organuli cxovreba). *** axalgazrda
qali iyo qali-bavSvi, mamakacis ganmgmiravi mzeris mimarT
pasiuri (#№60). axla misi simboluri mdgomareoba Serbilebu-
lia da aqtiur velzea: `misi Tvalebi naTels ki ar STanTqav-
da, aramed afrqvevda~. is uerTdeba Zalian Zlieri qalTa ti-
pebs, romelTa pirveli magaliTi q-ni de lanti iyo. amgvari
mutacia SeiZleba antiTezis wmindad paradigmuli saWiro-
ebebiT aixsnas: #№ 60 leqsiaSi gaqvavebul moxucs unda da-
pirispireboda axalgazrda, norCi, haerovani, sicocxliT
aRsavse qali: aq àdamianuri namsxvrevebis~ (pirquSi simrav-
le) winaSe dgeba aucilebloba, rom mcenareuli siZliere
gamoCndes, romelic Sekrebs, gaaerTianebs. es axali para-
digma axalgazrda qals aqcevs avtoritarul figurad, nel-
nela mkvidrdeba da Tavis struqturaSi Tan gaiyolebs Tavad
mTxrobelsac, romelsac aRar SeuZlia upiratesoba iqonios
axalgazrda qalze (rogorc es xdeba #№62 leqsiaSi). da amgva-
rad, mTxrobeli, misi simboluri rolis SemobrunebiT, male
pasiur poziciaSi aRmoCndeba, gabatonebuli subieqtis qve-
Sevrdomi gaxdeba (SYM. qali-dedofali).
(91) ah! es marTlac iyo sikvdili da sicocxle, Cems fiq-
rebSi xorcSesxmuli jadosnuri arabeski, saswaulebrivad
mSvenieri qaluri sxeulis mqone naxevrad amazrzeni qimera.
_ qveynad arcTu iSviaTia amgvar arsebebs Soris qorwi-
neba _ gavifiqre. * realisturi TvalTaxedviT, moxuci da
axalgazrda qali, romlebic erTmaneTs mWidrod mikrulni
aRmoCndebian, qmnian fantastikur arsebebs, romelTa orna-
wiledoba horizontaluri (rogorc siamis tyupebi) unda
iyos. Tumca, rodesac simboluri kodis Zalas SeuZlia Sec-
valos, Seabrunos an gamoasworos es mniSvneloba, ornawi-
ledoba xdeba vertikaluri: qimera (naxevrad lomi, naxevrad
Txa) warmoqmnis dapirispirebebs zemoT da qvemoT da, ra Tqma
unda, Tavis anatomiur adgilze tovebs saWurisis zonas (sa-
swaulebrivad mSvenieri qaluri sxeulis mqone) (SYM. kas-
tratis qorwili). ** REF. qorwinebis kodi.
(92) mas saflavis suni asdis! _ SeSinebulma wamoiyvira
axalgazrda qalma * SEM. sikvdili.
74
(93) da momekra, radgan Cemgan eloda dacvas; misma am im-
pulsurma saqcielma mimaxvedra, rom Zalian SeSinda. * SYM.
qali-bavSvi (simboluri mutacia jer kidev ar aris stabili-
zebuli: diskursi qal-dedoflidan qal-bavSvs ubrundeba).
(94) _ es raRac saSineli xilvaa, gaagrZela man, _ metxans
aq veRar davrCebi. Tu kidev Sevxedav, nel-nela davijereb, rom
Tavad sikvdili movida Cems wasayvanad. magram cocxalia ki? *
SEM. sikvdili ** magram cocxalia ki? es kiTxva SeiZleba iyos
wmindad ritorikuli, moxucSi Cadebulia sikvdilTan dakav-
Sirebuli aRsaniSnis erT-erTi variacia, magram moulodne-
li Semobrunebis wyalobiT (rasac axalgazrda qali sakuTar
Tavs usvams), is pirdapiri xdeba da pasuxis gacemas iTxovs
(ACT. `kiTxva~: 1: kiTxvis dasma).
(95) da man am fenomenisken xeli gaiwoda * ACT. `kiTxva~: 2:
Semowmeba. ** ACT. Sexeba: 1 : Sexeba
(96) imgvari gambedaobiT, rogorsac qalebi TavianTi nebe-
lobiT iZenen; REF. Qqalis fsiqologia.
(97) magram civma oflma daasxa, vinaidan ver moaswro mo-
xucs Sexeboda, rom yurTasmenis wamRebi Wriala bgerebi gai-
gona. es mkivani xma, Tu es xma iyo, moxucs sruliad gamomSrali
yelidan aRmoxda. * ACT. `Sexeba~: 2: reagireba. ** yurTasmenis
wamRebi Wriala xma _ daqucmacebuli, wyvetili xmis konota-
cias axdens; xmis buneba gaugebaria da misi adamianisTvis mi-
kuTvneba _ problemuri, xolo gamomSrali yeli, xmis Wriali
_ miuTiTebs, rom mas aklia organuli cxovrebisTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli specifikuri niSani _ sirbile (SEM. ara-bune-
brivi) *** SYM. kastratis Qqorwineba (aq: misi katastrofuli
daboloeba).
(98) am yvirils maSinve mohyva raRac bavSvuri da, amave
dros, gansakuTrebuli xmovanebis mqone konvulsiuri xvela.
*SEM. infantiluroba (konvulsiuri avis moswavebis, glovis
konotacias axdens, rac cxovrebis Sinagan kavSirs ewinaaRm-
degeba uno tenore).
XXVII. antiTeza II. Qqorwili

anTiteza aris kedeli _ karis gareSe. am kedelze gada-
svla niSnavs transgresias. gareganisa da Sinaganis, sicivisa
da siTbos, sicocxlisa da sikvdilis antiTezas damorCile-
75
buli moxuci da axalgazrda qali Zalian mtkice barieriT _
mniSvnelobis barieriTaa gayofili. amitom yvelaferi, rac
miuaxlovdeba mowinaaRmdege mxares, sruliad skandalu-
ri bunebisaa (yvelaze uxeSi am skandalebidan aris formis
skandali). es iyo ukve gansacvifrebeli sanaxaoba (`bunebis
iSviaTi kaprizTagani~), mWidrod SeerTebuli antiTezis ori
ukiduresobis, erTmaneTSi CaxlarTuli axalgazrda qalisa
da moxucis sxeulebis xilva. magram rogorc ki axalgazrda
qali exeba moxucs, transgresia aRwevs Tavis ukidures wer-
tils; is scdeba sakuTar sivrces da xdeba substanciuri, or-
ganuli, qimiuri. axalgazrda qalis Jesti aris patara acting
out: radac ar unda CavTvaloT am ori gansakuTrebuli sub-
stanciis _ qalisa da kastratis, sulierisa da usulos fizi-
kuri Sexeba, _ isteriul Setevad (orgazmis substituti) Tu
barieris (antiTezisa da halucinaciis kedlebis) gadalaxvad
_ igi (es Sexeba) mainc iwvevs katastrofas. es aris afeTqebis
Soki, paradigmuli Tavzari, arabunebrivi gaerTianeba, roca
ori sxeuli erTmaneTisgan ukanmouxedavad, daufiqreblad
garbis; TiToeuli partniorisgan momdinareobs mTeli fizi-
ologiuri revolucia: ofli da yvirili. yoveli maTgani aris
ùkuqceuli~, rogorc Zlieri qimiuri preparatis moqmedebi-
sas (aseTia qali _ kastratisTvis da kastrati _ qalisTvis).
yoveli Sinagani amonTxeulia, rogorc gulisrevis dros. ai,
ra xdeba, Tuki Seiryvneba azris saidumlo, Tuki moispoba ori
paradigmuli polusis wminda winaaRmdegoba da waiSleba wi-
naaRmdegobis xazi, yoveli `relevantobis~ safuZveli. axal-
gazrda qalisa da kastratis qorwineba ormagad katastro-
fulia (an, iqneb ase sjobdes vTqvaT, warmoadgens sistemas
ori SesasvleliT): simbolurad, is amtkicebs, rom ormagi,
qimeruli sxeuli _ arasicocxlisunariania, ganwirulia Ta-
visi Semadgeneli nawilebis dasarRvevad: roca polusebis
zearsebiTi distribucia aRmoacenebs kidev erT, damatebiT
sxeuls, maSin es danamati (simbolizebuli cifrTan 13, rac
ironiulad dakavSirebulia boroti sulebis gandevnasTan)
dawyevlilia, zedmeti nawili feTqdeba: konglomerati naku-
webad iqceva. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT, antiTezas, ri-
76
torikuli sibrZnis am Zalian saWiro warmonaqmns, SeuZlebe-
lia zianis miuyeneblad SeewinaaRmdego. mniSvneloba (da misi
saklasifikacio safuZveli) aris sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiT-
xi. amgvaradve, qalis kopirebiTa da sqesobrivi kuTvnilebis
barierebis zemoT adgilis dakavebis mcdelobiT, kastrati
arRvevs morfologiis yvela kanons, gramatikas, diskurss da
mniSvnelobis es gaqroba klavs sarazins.
(99) xmaurze marianinam, filipom da qalbatonma de lantim
Tvalebi Cven mogvapyres. maTi mzera elvasaviT gakrTa. axal-
gazrda qali mzad iyo, Tundac senis fskerze damaluliyo. *
ACT. Sexeba: 3: ganzogadebuli reaqcia. ** qaluri veli, aq misi
gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba moxucis mimarT ganaxle-
bulia: q-ni de lanti, marianina, filipo _ zambinelas mTeli
qaluri STamomavloba (SYM. kastraciis RerZi).
(100) is mxarze dameyrdno da buduarisken wamiyvana; qal-
ma Tu kacma, yvelam gza dagviTmo. gaviareT sadResaswaulo
darbazi da patara, naxevradwriul oTaxSi SevediT. * AACT.
Sexeba: 4: gaqceva. ** maRali sazogadoebis arsi: utaqto ada-
mianebs ganeridnen: simboluri azri: kastracia gadamdebia.
axalgazrda qali Seexo Tu ara mas, isic am niSnis matarebeli
gaxda (SYM. kastracia gadamdebia). patara oTaxis Nnaxevra-
dwriuli forma Teatris loJis konotacias axdens, aqedan
SesaZlebelia ùWvrito~ adoniss.
(101) SiSisgan acaxcaxebuli Cemi Tanmxlebi taxtze daeca
da TiTqmis ver acnobierebda, sad iyo. * ACT. `Sexeba~: 5:
damalva.
(102)qalbatono, xom ar gagiJdiT! _ vuTxari mas. * SYM.
qali-bavSvi. axalgazrda qali mTxrobelma upasuxismgeblo
bavSviviT datuqsa. magram sxva mxriv, axalgazrda qalis sigi-
Je cxadia: misi kastratTan Sexeba aRmniSvnelis realur ga-
remoSi moulodnel SeWras, simbolos kedlis miRma gasvlas
aRniSnavs: es fsiqozuri aqtia.
(103) _ Tavad gansajeT, _ amoiRo xma dumilis Semdeg,
_ am dros SesaZlebloba momeca misi mzeriT davmtkbariya-
vi, * mTxrobelis simboluri roli cvlilebebis procesSia.
Tavidan is gvecxadeba, rogorc axalgazrda qalis erTgvari
77
mfarveli, aq ki aRtacebulia misiT, Cumdeba da savsea sur-
viliT: amieridan mas ukve raRacis Txovna surs (SYM. Kkaci-
qveSevrdomi)
(104) gana damnaSave var? ratom uSvebs qalbatoni de lan-
ti, rom bunebis Secdomam mis saxlSi ixetialos? * SEM. ze-
buneba
(105) sakmarisia, vupasuxe _ Tqven sxva tutucebs baZavT,
Cveulebriv, Cia moxucs, safrTxobelad miiCnevT. * mTxrobe-
lis warmosaxva, e.i. simboluri sistema, misi damaxinjebuli
warmodgena sakuTar Tavze, xasiaTdeba imiT, rom is asimbolu-
ria. rogorc Tavad ambobs, is aris is, visac ar sjera legend-
ebis (simboloebis) (SEM. asimbolia) ** SYM. qali-bavSvi.
XXVIII. personaJi da saxe
maSinve, rogorc ki msgavsi semebi ramdenjerme zedized

gaimeoreben sakuTar saxelebs da bolos masSi dafiqsir-
debian, ibadeba personaJi. amgvarad, personaJi aris kom-
binaciuri produqti, xolo kombinireba (Serwyma) _ met-
naklebad stabiluri (aRniSnuli semebis dabrunebiT) da
met-naklebad kompleqsuri (Seicavs met-naklebad Sesaferis,
met-naklebad winaaRmdegobriv Strixebs); es kompleqsuroba
gansazRvravs personaJis `personalurobas~, rasac aqvs igive
kombinaciuri Tviseba, rogoric, magaliTad, raRac saWmels
_ gemo an Rvinos _ aromati. sakuTari saxeli moqmedebs,
rogorc semebis damagnitebuli veli; is virtualurad mi-
emarTeba sxeuls da drois (biografiuli) evoluciur mdin-
arebaSi semikur konfiguracias iTrevs. ZiriTadad, is, vinc
ambobs, rom mes ar aqvs saxeli (amis samagaliTo SemTxvevaa
prustiseuli mTxrobeli,) dainaxavs, rom sinamdvileSi me
maleve xdeba saxeli, misi saxeli. TxrobaSi (da aseve yovel-
dRiur saubarSi) me _ aRar aris nacvalsaxeli, es aris sauke-
Teso saxeli SesaZlebel variantTa Soris. me-s Tqma ama Tu im
aRsaniSnebis aucileblad gaTavisebas, biografiuli drois
gangrZobiTobis SeZenas, garkveul èvolucias~ (warmosax-
viT) damorCilebas, sakuTari bedisweris obieqtad Tavis
cnobas, droisTvis azris miniWebas niSnavs. am doneze me _
78
(gansakuTrebiT, `sarazinis~ mTxrobeli) aRmoCndeba per-
sonaJi. sruliad sxva ramaa saxe. es ukve ar aris semebis kom-
binacia, uZravad mikruli ama Tu im samoqalaqo saxelTan, is
usxlteba biografias, fsiqologias, dros ki ukve aRar Seu-
Zlia masze imZlavros. simboluri mimarTebebiT is xdeba uk-
ve upirovno, aqroniuli. rogorc saxe, personaJi SeiZleba
meryeobdes or rols Soris, Tanac ise, rom am meryeobas ar
hqondes raizzme azri, vinaidan igi mimdinareobs biografi-
uli drois miRma (qronologiis miRma): simboluri struqtu-
ra sruliad Seqcevadia: misi wakiTxva yvela mimarTulebiT
SeiZleba. amgvarad, qali-bavSvi da mTxrobeli-mama, raRac
momentSi gamqralni, SeiZleba dabrundnen, aRdgnen, rogorc
qali _ dedofali da naratori _ mona. idealur simbolur
mdgomareobaSi personaJs ar aqvs arc qronologiuri da arc
biografiuli statusi; mas aRar aqvs saxeli. is mxolod saxis
gasasvleli (da dasabrunebeli) adgilia.
(106) gaCumdiT! _ SemekamaTa iseTi mediduri da damci-
navi gamometyvelebiT, rogoric SeiZleba miiRon qalebma,
romelTac TavianTi simarTlis Cveneba surT. * qali-dedo-
fali brZanebs siCumes (yovelgvari xelmwifeba iwyeba enis
akrZalviT), is Tavis partniors qveSevrdomis mdgomare-
obamde amdablebs da dascinis (uaryofs mTxrobelis mamob-
riobas) (SYM. Qqali-dedofali) ** REF. qalTa fsiqologia.
(107) ra lamazi buduaria! _ wamoiZaxa, roca garSemo
mimoixeda, _ kedlebze Ggakruli cisferi atlasi yovelT-
vis gasaocar efeqts qmnis. ra xasxasaa! *ACT _ `suraTi~: 1:
garSemo mimoxedva. cisferi atlasi da sixasxase an realobis
ubralo efeqts qmnis (rom gamoCndes `realuri~, saWiroa is
iyos zusti da umniSvnelo detalebamde aRwerili), an axal-
gazrda qalis qarafSutobas konotirebs, qalisa, romelic
oTaxis mowyobilobaze saubrobs mas Semdeg, rac uadgilo da
ucnaur Jestikulacias mimarTavs, an im eiforiul atmosfe-
ros amzadebs, romelSic adonisis portrets unda uWvritos.
(108) _ ah! ra kargi suraTia! _Ddaamata Semdeg, adga da
didebul CarCoSi Casmul portrets miuaxlovda. am saocre-
bis mxilvelni ramdenime wami gavirindeT (...) * ACT. `suraTi~:
2: SemCneva.
79
(109) raRac zebunebrivi funjiT Seqmnil suraTze (...) * me-
tonimiurad, ze-bunebrivi elementi, romelic mocemulia re-
ferentSi (zambinela bunebis miRmuria), erTdroulad gada-
dis, rogorc suraTis siuJetze (adonisi `Zalian lamazia ka-
cis pirobaze~), aseve faqturaze (`zebunebrivi funji~ gvkar-
naxobs, rom mxatvars RmerTi STaagonebs; msgavsad bizantieli
xatmwerisa, romelic, roca xatze muSaobas daasrulebda da
laqi unda gadaesva, ieso qriste zecidan gadmodioda, raTa
masze Tavisi gamosaxuleba aRebeWda). (SYM. ze-bunebrivi).
(110) gamosaxuli iyo lomis tyavze wamowolili adonisi.
* adonisis portreti axali gamocanis Temaa (es iqneba me-5 ga-
mocana), romlis pirobac male gacxaddeba: vis ganasaxierebs
adonisis portreti? (HER. gamocana 5. Tematizacia). ** es
adonisi, Tavisi `lomis tyaviT~, akademiuri skolebis mier Se-
qmnil berZeni mwyemsebis aRuracxel gamosaxulebebs eyrdno-
ba (miTologia da ferwera).
(111) buduaris SuaSi dakidebulma alebastris lampam es
tilo msubuqi naTliT gaanaTa, ramac saSualeba mogvca, na-
xati mTeli Tavisi mSvenierebiT aRgveqva. * SEM. mTvarianoba
(lampis Suqi iseTive mSvidi da msubuqi iyo, rogorc mTvaris).
XXIX. alebastris lampa

lampis Suqi suraTis gareTaa, magram metonimiurad is
scenis Sinagani naTeli gaxdeba. es buduaris alebastri (TeT-
ri da mSvidi) _ civi da naTeli Suqis gamtari masalaa da ara
misi mfrqveveli. is sxva araferia, Tu ara mTvare, romelic
axalgazrda mwyemss anaTebs; amgvarad, adonisi, Jirodes aR-
mafrena (ris Sesaxebac mogvianebiT #№547 leqsiaSi Sevit-
yobT), ramac mas ubiZga Seeqmna endimioni, mTvaris sayvareli
xdeba. aq kodebis sammagi reversia gvaqvs: endimioni adoniss
Tavis mniSvnelobas, istoriasa da realobas gadascems: Cven
adoniss imave sityvebiT vkiTxulobT, romlebic Tavad en-
dimions aRwers. am endimion-adonisSi yvelaferi qalurobis
konotacias axdens (ix. #№113-is aRwera); `natifi mSveniereba~,
`konturebi~ (sityva, romelic mxolod romantikuli qalis
an miTologiuri mzeWabukis akademiur `sirbiles~ warmoa-
Cens), poza _ modunebuli, msubuqad mobrunebuli, sakuTari
80
sxeulis SemomTavazebeli, fermkrTali, gafantuli, TeTri
(lamazi qali am epoqaSi Zalian TeTri kanis mqone unda yofi-
liyo), Tmebi _ xSiri da xveuli, èrTi sityviT _ yvelaferi~;
es ukanaskneli atributi, rogorc nebismieri et coetera krZa-
lavs imas, rasac saxeli ar daerqmeva, anu imas, rac SeiZleba
erTsa da imave dros damalo da aCveno: adonisi moTavsebulia
Teatraluri darbazis siRrmeSi (naxevradwriuli buduari),
endimions ki aRmoaCens patara erosi, romelic gadawevs mwva-
ne, mcenareul fardas, ise, TiTqos scenis farda iyos da amiT
Cvens yuradRebas miapyrobs imisken, rasac unda uyuro, rac
unda daaTvaliero: rac Seexeba sqesis aRmniSvnels, Jirode-
sTan igi dafarulia CrdiliT, rogorc kastraciiT dasaxi-
Crebul zambinelasTan. endemions ewveva Seyvarebuli selene.
misgan gamosuli aqtiuri naTeli ealerseba mZinare, gadawo-
lil mwyemss da ipareba masSi. miuxedavad qalurobisa, mTvare
aris aqtiuri, biWi ki, miuxedavad mamakacurobisa, pasiuri:
mTel novelaSi, romelSic qalebi arian damsaWuriseblebi da
mamakacebi _ maTi obieqtebi, mimdinareobs ori biologiuri
sqesisa da, amasTan, kastraciis ori polusis ormagi inversia:
amgvarad, musika aRwevs sarazinSi da `poxavs~ mas, aniWebs umaR-
les siamovnebas, msgavsad mTvaris naTlisa, romelic eufle-
ba endimions da romlis sxivebSic banaobs. amgvarad icvleba
rolebi, romlebic simbolur TamaSs awesrigeben: pasiurobis
SemaZrwunebeli arsiT kastracia paradoqsulad zeaqtiurde-
ba: is, Tavisi araraTi exeba yvelafers, rasac Sexvdeba: naklo-
vaneba asenianebs. ukanaskneli (mesame) kulturuli reversiis
saSualebiT ki, rac gacilebiT pikanturia, SegviZlia TvaliT
vixiloT yovelive (da ara mxolod wavikiTxoT); endimioni,
romelic teqstSi gvxvdeba, igive endimionia, romlis naxva mu-
zeumSi (Cvens muzeumSi _ luvrSi) SeiZleba.Aamgvarad, sxeule-
bisa da maTi aslebis gaormagebuli jaWviT TiTqos avdivarT
zemoT da Cven winaSe Cndeba zambinela, yvelaze anbanuri ga-
mosaxulebiT _ fotografiiT. kiTxva _ es aris gamWoli ko-
debiT mogzauroba da am svlas veraferi SeaCerebs. kastratis
fiqtiuri fotografia xdeba teqstis Semadgeneli nawili. Tu
avyvebiT kodebis xazs, gveZleva ufleba, gavideT bonapartis
quCaze, SevideT biulozis fotoatelieSi da iq viTxovoT,
81
gagvixsnan erTi yuTi (cxadia, `miTologiuri siuJetebiT~
savse), sadac kastratis fotos wavawydebiT.
(112) _gana SeiZleba arsebobdes aseTi srulyofili qmni-
leba? _ mkiTxa man * HER. gamocana 5: formulireba (arsebobs
ki `bunebaSi~ portretis prototipi?) ** CEM. ze-bunebrivi.
XXX. miRma da aqeT mxares
srulqmnileba aris kodis kide (dasawyisi Tu dasasruli,

rogorc visurvebT); mas (srulqmilebas) iseve mohyavs for-
maSi aslebi, rogorc aqrobs distancias kodsa da warmodge-
nas, wyarosa da produqts, modelsa da asls Soris da vinaidan
amgvari distanciis arseboba ganuyrelia adamianisgan, ukve
Tavad srulqmnilebis gauqmebis faqts gavyavarT anTropo-
logiur sazRvrebs miRma, ze-bunebrivSi, sadac is uerTdeba
sxva, qveda transgresias: zogadi rigis mixedviT, erTsa da
imave klasSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes koncefciebis met-nakleboba
da es gaxlavT siWarbis klasi, is, rac aris miRma mxares da em-
Txveva imas, rac aqeTaa; sabolood, kodis arss (srulqmnile-
ba) aqvs igive statusi, rac kodis miRma arsebuls (monstri,
kastrati), vinaidan cxovreba, norma, adamianuri buneba _
warmoadgens Sualedur migraciul moZraobebs, romlebic
reproduqciebis velze aRsruldeba. amgvarad, zambinela
aris ze-qali, ganxorcielebuli qaluri arsi, ganxorciele-
buli srulqmnileba (wmindad Teologiuri TvalsazrisiT,
srulqmnileba aris arsi, xolo zambinela _ `Sedevri~), ma-
gram, amave dros, zustad imave mizeziTve, is aris qve-kaci,
kastrati, usruloba, calsaxa nakluloba; zambinelaSi, ro-
gorc absoluturad sasurvelsa da kastratSi, rogorc abso-
luturad saZulvelSi _ erTmaneTs ereva ori transgresia.
es aRreva marTulia, vinaidan transgresia sxva araferia, Tu
ara naWdevi (zambinela aRbeWdilia erTbaSad srulqmnilebi-
Tac da usrulobiTac); is diskurSi uSvebs ekivokebsac, vi-
naidan adonisis `zebunebriv~ sisruleze laparaki kastratis
àrabunebriv~ usrulobaze saubarsac gulisxmobs.
(113) mas Semdeg, rac kmayofilebiT aRsavse nazi RimiliT
Seiswavla adonisis natifi da moxdenili sxeulis kontu-
82
rebi, misi poza, feri, Tmebi, erTi sityviT, mTlianad. * SEM.
qaluroba. ** amgvarad aRwerili suraTi iwyebs ayvavebis,
grZnobiTi siamovnebis atmosferos konotirebas: aRmocende-
ba erTgvari erotikuli sisavsis msgavsi Tanxmoba, romelic
adoniss axalgazrda qalad gamosaxavs da igi am SegrZnebas
`kmayofilebiT aRsavse nazi RimiliT~ gamoxatavs. istoriis
TamaSis wyalobiT, axalgazrda qalis siamovnebis wyaro mom-
dinareobs 3 sxvadasxva obieqtidan, romlebic gaerTianebu-
lia adonisSi: №1. mamakaci; es Tavad adonisia, suraTis mi-
Tologiuri siuJeti; axalgazrda qalis swored am survilis
interpretacias ukavSirdeba mTxrobelis eWvianoba, swored
es iwvevs mis Surs; #2. qali: axalgazrda qali Cawvdeba ado-
nisis qalur bunebas da TanxmobaSi modis masTan an rogorc
Tanamzraxveli, an rogorc safos mokavSire; nebismier Sem-
TxvevaSi, kvlav frustrirebulia mTxrobeli, romelic qal-
Ta prestiJuli banakis mier dawunebulia. #№3. kastrati: ro-
melic aSkarad kvlavindeburad ajadoebs axalgazrda qals
(SYM. kastratis qorwili).
(114) _ is zedmetad lamazia mamakacis pirobaze, _ daa-
mata man, rodesac iseTi yuradRebiT daaTvaliera suraTi,
TiTqos mis winaSe metoqe idga. * sarazinSi kastraciiT ori-
entirebul _ Tu dezorientirebul _ sxeulebs ar SeuZ-
liaT garantirebuli adgilis dakaveba paradigmuli bari-
eris romelime mxares; barierisa, romelic biologiur sqess
hyofs: impliciturad arsebobs raRac, rac aris qalis miRma
mxares (srulqmnileba) da mamakacis aqeT mxares (kastrireba).
imis Tqma, rom adonisi ar aris mamakaci, erTsa da imave dros,
simarTlis Tqmasac (is kastratia) niSnavs da motyuebasac (is
qalia) (HER. gamocana 5: simarTle da sicrue: ekivoki).
(115) oh, ra Zlierad vigrZeni im wuTebSi eWvianobis Semo-
teva; * (SYM. mTxrobelis survili).
(116) odesRac erTi poeti amaod marwmunebda, rom SeiZle-
ba ieWviano suraTebze, graviurebze, qandakebebze, romleb-
Sic xelovanni, erTgulni im doqtrinisa, romelsac isini
yvelafris idealizaciisaken mihyavs, adamianur mSvenierebas
azviadeben. * REF. vnebis literaturuli kodi (an aseve, li-
teraturuli vnebis kodi). ** SYM. sxeulTa asli (aslis Sey-
83
vareba: es aris pigmalionis Tema, rac eqspliciturad kidev
erTxel gamoCndeba #№229 leqsiaSi).
(117) es aris portreti _ vupasuxe me _ romelic vienis
funjs ekuTvnis. * SYM. sxeulTa asli.
(118) magram am did mxatvars arasodes unaxavs origina-
li da Tqveni aRfrTovaneba SeiZleba ramdenadme Sesustdes,
roca gaigebT, rom am naxatis modeli qalis qandakeba iyo. *
SYM. sxeulTa asli (sxeulebis gaormageba dakavSirebulia
sqesobrivi paradigmis arastabilurobasTan, rac kastrats
biWsa da qals Soris meryev mdgomareobaSi amyofebs). ** su-
raTi Seiqmna qandakebis mixedviT: es marTalia. magram qan-
dakeba iyo yalbi qalis asli. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, yvela-
feri WeSmaritia, sanam saubari exeba qandakebas da xdeba si-
crue, rogorc ki saubari gadava qalze. fraza WeSmaritebis
mtkicebiT iwyeba, Tumca Semdeg es WeSmariteba erwymis si-
crues ise, rogor naTesaobiTi brunva Seerwymis qandakebas
(qalis qandakeba); magram rogor SeiZleba ubralo genitivma
icruos? (HER. gamocana 5. ekivoki).
XXXI. Sewyvetili gadaZaxili
winaswar arsebuli wignis, kodis gareSe ar arsebobs

arc survili, arc eWvianoba: pigmalioni Seyvarebulia
skulpturuli kodis erT rgolTaganze; franCeskosa da pao-
los mas Semdeg SeuyvardaT erTmaneTi, rac lanselotisa da
jinevras siyvarulis Sesaxeb waikiTxes (dante, jojoxeTi, V):
TavisTavad, rac pirvelwyaro daikarga, wera gaxda grZnobe-
bis dasabami. am mowesrigebuli gezidan gadaxriT kastracias
Semoaqvs areuloba, sicariele qmnis SfoTs niSanTa jaWvSi,
warmoSobs maT aslebs, arRvevs kodis normaluri moqmede-
bis process. sarazini cdeba, roca zabinelas qalis saxiT
aqandakebs. vieni am qals biWad gardaqmnis, riTac modelis
pirvandel sqess ubrundeba (neapoleli ragazzo); ukanaskne-
li SemobrunebiT mTxrobeli TviTneburad aCerebs niSanTa
jaWvs qandakebaze da originals qalad gardaqmnis imgvarad,
rom erTmaneTSi ixlarTeba sami gza: operaciuli, romelic
`realurad~ qmnis aslebs (is amodis kaci-adonisidan da mi-
dis qali-qandakebisken, Semdeg ki biWi _ transvestitisken);
84
mistifikaciis jaWvi, romelsac moxarxebulad moxazavs eW-
viani mTxrobeli (is amodis kaci-adonisidan da midis qali-
qandakebisken, Semdeg ki, impliciturad, qali-modelisken.);
simboluri, romlis sakvanZo adgilebi mxolod qalurobaa,
esaa qaluroba adonisisa, qaluroba qandakebisa da kastra-
tisa, esaa erTaderTi homogenuri sivrce, romlis SigniTac
aravin cruobs. yvela am uwesrigobas aqvs hermenevtikuli
funqcia: mTxrobeli ganzrax ucvlis formas adonisis WeS-
marit warmomavlobas. is qmnis tyuils, romelic axalgazrda
qalisTvis da, aseve, mkiTxvelisTvisaa gankuTvnili; magram,
simbolurad, igive mTxrobeli, arakeTisindisierebis miuxe-
davad, miuTiTebs (simarTlea, roca gulisxmobs qals), rom
modeli naklebad mamakacuria; amgvarad, misi tyuili aris
simarTlisken mimavali gza.
(119) magram, vin aris igi?
_ me Sevyoymandi.
_ minda vicode, vin aris igi, _ daamata man daJinebiT.
*SYM. qali-dedofali (mTxrobels surs axalgazrda qali,
axalgazrda qals surs icodes, vin aris adonisis natura: ixa-
zeba SeTanxmebis pirobebi) ** HER. gamocana 5: formulireba
(vin aris adonisis modeli?)
(120) _ mgoni, vuTxari me, ��
es adonisi... ��
qalbatoni de lan-
tis... naTesavTagania. * ACT. `Txroba~: 2: istoriis codna (Cven
viciT, rom mTxrobelisTvis cnobilia, Tu vin aris moxuci
(#70), aq ki cxadi xdeba, rom man adonisis warmomavlobac icis);
maSasadame, mas gamocanebis gamocnobisa da istoriis Txrobis
unari aqvs) ** HER. gamocana 5: droebiT SeCerebuli pasuxi.
*** SYM. tabus dadeba sityva _ kastratze.
XXXII. _ dagvianeba
WeSmaritebas odnav SevexeT, magram Semdeg man sxva mxa-

res gadauxvia da bolos mTlianad daikarga. es SemTxveva
struqturuli bunebisaa. marTlac, hermenevtikuli kodi
asrulebs imave funqcias, rac axasiaTebs (iakobsonTan) po-
etur kodsac: rogorc riTma (saxeldobr) ayalibebs leqss,
molodinis principiTa da dabrunebis surviliT, aseve aya-li-
bebs hermenevtikuli Tanmimdevruloba gamocanas, misi amoxs-
85
nis surviliTa da molodinis principiT. amgvarad, teqs-
tis dinamika (mas Semdeg, rac erT-erTi WeSmaritebis gaxsnas
iTvaliswinebs) paradoqsulia. es aris statikuri dinamika,
problemaa mxolod gamocanis SenarCuneba, roca misi sawyi-
si pasuxi ar arsebobs. maSin, roca frazebi siuJetis `gan-
viTarebas~ aCqareben, ar SeuZliaT gaCerdnen erT adgilze
da win uswreben am istorias, hermenevtikuli kodi mimarTavs
sawinaaRmdego qmedebas: man diskursis dinebaSi unda ganala-
gos dagvianebuli dabrkolebebi (kinklaoba, gaCereba, gzidan
gadaxveva); misi struqtura arsebiTad reaqtiulia, vinaidan
enis Seuqcevel winsvlas, retardaciis safexureobrivi gan-
lagebis sistemas upirispirdeba: kiTxva da pasuxi gayofilia
gaWianurebuli sivrceebiT, xolo am sivrcis simbolo SeiZ-
leba iyos ritorikuli figura _ `dumilis ganzraxuloba~,
romlis mizania frazis Sewyveta yuradRebis daZabvis mizniT,
misi Txrobis gadavadeba da Cveni yuradRebis sxva mxares ga-
datana (es vergiliusiseuli `Quos ego~). amitomac, sawyisi da
sasruli elementebis rigi (kiTxva da pasuxi) hermenevtikul
kodSi gvTavazobs arapirdapiri morfemebis kategoriebad
dayofas, esenia: tyuili (cnobieri gadaxveva simarTlidan),
ekivoki (sicruisa da simarTlis Sereva, romelic saSualebas
iZleva moxazos gamocana da Semdeg igi ufro koncentrire-
buli gaxados), nawilobrivi pasuxi (rac aris mxolod pasuxis
molodinis gamZafreba), droebiT SeCerebuli pasuxi (fardis
axdis afatikuri Seferxeba da SeCereba), blokireba (gamoca-
nis amouxsnelobis konstatacia). am elementebis mravalfe-
rovneba cxadad adasturebs im rTul samuSaos, romelic dis-
kursma unda Seasrulos, Tu mas gamocanis amoxsnis SeCereba,
misi sawyis mdgomareobaSi SenarCuneba da finalis gamxelis-
Tvis xelis SeSla surs. WeSmaritebis amoxsnis ZiriTadi pi-
roba xdeba molodini: WeSmariteba, gvicxadebs teqsti, aris
is, rasac sabolood veliT. amgvari agebuleba Txrobas ini-
ciaciur ritualTan aaxloebs (roca dabrkolebebiT, bun-
dovanebiT, dayovnebebiT aRsavse grZel gzas uecrad naTeli
efineba): es wyoba wesrigisken dabrunebas iwvevs, molodini ki
uwesrigoa: uwesrigoba aris namati, is, rac ganuwyvetliv izr-
deba, magram sabolood arafers wyvets da arafers srulqm-
86
nis; xolo wesrigi aris Semavsebeli, is srulyofs, avsebs da
amdidrebs, iSorebs yovelive imas, rac SeiZleba am sisavses
daemuqros: WeSmariteba ki isaa, rac qmnis sisavses da Sinagan
sisrules. saerTo jamSi, Tu kiTxva-pasuxis punqtebze SevCer-
debiT, hermenevtikuli Txroba im suraTis mixedviT aigeba,
romelsac Cven frazis Sesaxeb SeviqmniT; fraza aris Tavis
ganvrcobaSi ueWvelad dausrulebeli organizmi (dausru-
lebeli ganvrcobis unaris mqone), romelic imave dros, ori
elementis _ subieqtisa da predikatis erTianobamde daiyva-
neba. Txroba (klasikuri maneriT) niSnavs kiTxvis dasmas su-
bieqtis saxiT, auCqareblad, drois mogebis mizniT da misTvis
Sesabamisi predikatis Ziebas. rodesac es predikati (WeSmari-
teba) gamovlindeba, fraza, Txroba _ dasasruls uaxlovde-
ba; amgvarad, samyaro miiRebs zedsarTaul bunebas (didi SiSis
Semdeg, rom es ar moxdeboda). Tumca, rogorc nebismieri gra-
matika, rac unda novatoruli iyos igi, subieqtisa da predi-
katis, saxelisa da zmnis winaaRmdegobas efuZneba da amito-
mac SeiZleba iyos mxolod istoriuli gramatika, romelic
klasikur metafizikas ukavSirdeba, hermenevtikuli teqsti,
romelSic arasrul subieqts winaswar amxels WeSmariteba.
molodinis principsa da srulqmnilebisken swrafvaze damya-
rebuli teqsti istoriuli warmomavlobisaa. is dakavSirebu-
lia WeSmaritebisa da azris, Zaxilisa da masze pasuxis gacemis
kerigmatul civilizaciasTan.
XXXIII. da/Tu
roca mTxrobeli WoWmanobs gviTxras, vin aris adonisi
(anu, roca mas surs damalos saidumlo da ar gaxsnas igi),
diskursSi erTmaneTs ereva ori kodi: simboluri kodi, ro-
melic krZalavs kastratis saxels da iwvevs afazias maSinve,
rogorc ki dadgeba misi warmoTqmis riski da hermenevtiku-
li kodi, romlis mixedviTac es afazia aris mxolod pasuxis
Seyovneba, rac gamowveulia Txrobis gaWianurebuli struq-
turiT. SeiZleba Tu ara iTqvas, rom am ori kodidan, romle-
bic paralelurad moqmedeben erTi da imave sityvis (msgavsi
mniSvnelobis mqone) meSveobiT, romelia ufro sagulisxmo?
an ufro rom davazustoT: Tu ganvizraxavT àxsnas~ romelime
87
frazisa (da maSasadame, Txrobisa), SeiZleba Tu ara miviRoT
gadawyvetileba romelime kodis sasargeblod? SeiZleba Tu
ara iTqvas, rom mTxrobelis meryeoba gansazRvrulia simbo-
los SezRudviT (romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, rom kastra-
tis saxeli dafaruli iyos) an Tavad fardis axdis procesis
teleologiiT (romelic cdilobs, rom es amoxsna erTsa da
imave dros iyos pasuxis miTiTebac da misi gaWianurebac)?
qveynad aravis SeuZlia (arc erT swavluls, Aarc erT daxelo-
vnebul mTxrobels) aq rame gadawyvitos. TxrobaSi (da SesaZ-
loa aq aris misi `gansazRvreba~) simboluri da operatiuli
gadauWrelia, isini emorCilebian da/Tu-s reJims. amgvarad,
SerCeva, kodebis ierarqiis dadgena, erTgvari Setyobine-
bis winaswari gansazRvra miRebuli teqstis asaxsnelad,
u-marTebuloa, vinaidan aseTi gadawyvetileba erTxmianobis
saxeliT weris mravalxmianobis CaxSobis maniSnebelia, erT
SemTxvevaSi _ fsiqoanalitikuris, meoregan _ poetikuris
(am sityvis aristoteluri gagebiT). metic, kodebis mravlo-
biTobis ukmarisobis mxedvelobidan gaSveba diskursis sa-
muSaos gakontrolebas niSnavs: gadauwyvetelobis principi
gansazRvravs mTxrobelis unars, mis xelovnebas; rogorc
warmatebuli metafora gamoricxavs Tavis elementebs Soris
raime ierarqiul wesrigs da ganiSorebs polisemiuri jaWvis
yovelgvar sayrdens (Sedarebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic
mTavari figuraa), asevea `kargi~ Txrobac: masSi erTdrou-
lad realizdeba rogorc mravlobiTobis, aseve kodebis ur-
TierTmimoqcevis principi: metonimiuri damokidebulebas,
romelic simboloebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs, siuJetis mi-
zezobriobaSi mudmivad Sesworebebis Seaqvs, xolo moqmede-
bebi, romlebsac TiTqos kvanZis gaxsnisken mivyavarT, gamud-
mebiT erTdrouli mniSvnelobebis sivrceSi iWreba.
(121) Sevwuxdi, rodesac davinaxe, rom am mSvenieri naxatis
Wvretisas is isev gaitaca fiqrebma. Semdeg mdumared daeSva
taxtze, gverdiT mivujeqi, aviRe misi xeli, magram mas es arc
ki SeuniSnavs! portretis Semyures Cemi arseboba aRarc ki
axsovda! * SYM. kastratis qorwineba (axalgazrda qalisa da
kastratis erToba aq eiforiamde mivida: Cven ukve viciT, rom
simboluri konfiguracia ar emorCileba diagetikur evo-
88
lucias: movlenas, rac katastroful bzars aCens, SeuZlia
aRdges Tavis uSfoTvel erTobaSi). ** SYM. sxeulTa asli
(portretis, rogorc pigmalionisgan qandakebis Seyvareba).
(122) uecrad siCumeSi qalis msubuqi fexis xma da kabis
Sriali gaisma * mokle epizodi, romelic aq iwyeba (da mTav-
rdeba № # 137-Si) aris erTgvari bloki (rogorc kiberneti-
kaSi amboben), manqanaSi Seyvanili programis mcire, erT-
Semadgenliani nawili, romelic Tavis mTlianobaSi erTaderT
aRsaniSns udris: beWdis gadacemis epizodi xelaxla wamo-
Wris me-4 enigmas: vin aris moxuci? es epizodi moicavs ara-
erT proairetizms (ACT. `Sesvla~: 1: Tavis gancxadeba msubu-
qi xmauriT).
(123) da davinaxeT axalgazrda marianina, romelsac ucod-
veli da wminda gamometyveleba ufro met brwyinvalebas ani-
Webda, vidre garegnuli mSveniereba da sinorCe. is nela mo-
dioda da dedobrivi mzrunvelobiTa da qaliSvilis sinaziT
iWerda morTul-mokazmul moCvenebas, vis gamoc sakoncerto
darbazi mivatoveT; * ACT. `Semosvla~: 2: Semosvla, rogorc
aseTi. ** HER. gamocana 3: gamocnoba da formulireba (moxu-
cisa da marianinas urTierToba enigmuria, rac kidev ufro
amZafrebs gamocanas, dakavSirebuls de lantis ojaxTan: sa-
idan gaCndnen isini? vin arian?) *** bavSvuroba.
(124) marianina win miuZRveboda moxucs, mSfoTvared uf-
rTxildeboda mis TiToeul aramyar nabijs.* HER. gamocana
3; formulireba (ras SeiZleboda gamoewvia aseTi SfoTia-
ni mzrunveloba moxucis mimarT, ra kavSiria maT Soris? vin
arian lantebi)?
XXXIV. mniSvnelobis enamravloba
yovelgvari romanuli qmedebebisTvis (romelsac warmo-

aCenda klasikuri romani) arsebobs gamoxatvis sami SesaZle-
beli reJimi: an mniSvneloba aris gacxadebuli, qmedeba _
saxeldebuli, magram aradetalizebuli (mSfoTvared ufr-
Txildeboda); an mniSvneloba kvlav gacxadebulia, magram
moqmedeba ara mxolod saxeldebulia, aramed aRwerilic
(SeSfoTebuli uyurebs, rom adamiani, romelsac is miuZRve-
89
ba, rogor dgams fexs miwaze); dabolos, qmedeba aRwerilia,
magram mniSvneloba dums: aqti ubralod konotirebulia (am
sityvis pirdapiri gagebiT) erTgvari implicituri aRsaniS-
niT (uyurebs moxucs, romelic nela adgams Tavis uZlur fe-
xebs). pirveli ori reJimi, romlis mixedviTac mniSvneloba
gadaWarbebulad saxeldebulia, Tavs gvaxvevs mniSvneloba-
SemWidroebul sisrules an, ufro moxerxebulad rom iTqvas,
erTgvar uzomo mravalsityvaobas, Tanamedrove diskursis
semantikuri enamravlobis saxeobas, rac damaxasiaTebelia
diskursis arqauli xanisTvis (Tu bavSvuri saubrisTvis) da
aRbeWdilia im akviatebuli SiSiT, rom msmenelTan azrobriv
urTierTobas dakargavs. aqedan modis ukanaskneli xanis (Tu
àxali~) romanebis reaqcia, mesame reJimis gamoyenebis praq-
tika, romlis mixedviTac SesaZlebelia aRwero movlena da
bevri ar ilaparako mis mniSvnelobaze.
(125) maT gaWirvebiT miaRwies karamde, romelic SpaleriT
iyo dafaruli. * ACT. `kari~ I; iqneba sxva `karebic~: 1: misvla
karamde (metic, dafaruli kari axdens misteriuli atmosf-
eros konotacias, rac kvlav gvabrunebs me-3 gamocanaSi).
(126) iq marianinam msubuqad daakakuna. * ACT. I: `kari~: 2:
karze dakakuneba.
(127) maSinve, raRac jadosnurad, gamoCnda maRali, xme-
li kaci, romelic ojaxis erTgvar keTil suls hgavda. * ACT.
`kari II: 3: karis gamoCena (rac niSnavs: is gaiRo). ** REF. ro-
manuli (`sulis gamoCena~). maRali, xmeli kaci, aris msaxuri,
romlis Sesaxebac miTiTebulia #№41-Si da asocirebulia qal-
Ta klanTan, romelic moxucs patronobs.
(128) vidre moxucs am misteriul mcvels Caabarebda, * ACT.
Àdieu~: 1: ndoba (vidre wavidoda).
(129) gogonam pativiscemiT akoca mosiarule gvams da am
umanko alersSi daufaravad gamoCnda is graciozuli sinaze,
romlis saidumlo qalTagan mxolod rCeulebma ician. * ACT.
àdieu~: 2: moalerseba. ** HER. enigma 3; gamocnoba da formu-
lireba (ra saxis urTierTobas SeiZleba gulisxmobdes uman-
ko alersi, pativiscemiT savse sinazes? mamaSvilurs? col-
qmruls? *** andazuri kodi: ze-qalebi.
90
(130) _ Addio, Addio! _ uTxra mas Tavisi axalgazrduli, mo-
RuRune xmiT * ACT. Àdieu~: 3: adieu-s Tqma ** SEM. italiuroba.
(131) da ukanasknel marcvalze gansakuTrebuli
srulqmnilebiT Sesrulebuli rulada daamata, oRond da-
bali xmiT, riTac TiTqos Tavisi gulisnadebis poeturad ga-
moxatva surda. * SEM. musikaluroba.
XXXV. realuri, ganxorcielebadi
ra moxdeboda, Tu marianina marTlac Seasrulebda addio-s

ise, rogorc diskursi aRwers? ra Tqma unda, misi saqcieli
iqneboda raRac uadgilo, uxamsi, eqstravagantuli da sru-
liad aramusikaluri, metic, SesaZlebelia ki saerTod gan-
xorcieldes aRniSnuli moqmedeba? amasTan dakavSirebiT Se-
iZleba gamoiTqvas ori mosazreba: pirveli isaa, rom diskurss
aranairi pasuxismgebloba ar aqvs realobis winaSe: rac unda
realisturi iyos esa Tu is romani, misi referenti mainc ar
iqneba `realoba~: Zneli ar aris warmovidginoT is areulo-
ba, rasac gamoiwvevs TviT keTilgonivruli Txrobac ki, Tu
am aRweras sityvasityviT miviRebT da vecdebiT, azrobrivad
gadaviyvanoT igi qmedebebSi, an, ubralod, maT xorci Sevas-
xaT. mTlianobaSi, is (es aris Semdegi mosazreba), rasac Cven
vuwodebT `realurs~ (realisturi teqstis TeoriaSi), aris
mxolod reprezentaciuli (mniSvnelobis) kodi da arasodes
_ Sesrulebis kodi: romanuli realoba ar aris ganxorci-
elebis SesaZleblobis mqone. realobis da ganxorcielebis
SesaZleblobis amocnoba (da es, bolos da bolos, iqneboda
sakmaod `realisturi~) romanis, rogorc Janris (rodesac
romani gadainacvlebs dawerili teqstidan konomatografSi,
amas mohyveba misi ganadgurebis Seuqcevadi procesi, radgan
azrobrivi sistemidan _ ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobaSi ga-
davdivarT) ukiduresi damdableba iqneba.
(132) uecrad moxucs TiTqos raRac gaaxsenda da saidumlo
oTaxis zRurblze SeCerda. samariseburi siCumis wyalobiT
misi mkerdidan amomavali mZime amooxvra gavigoneT; * SEM.
musikaluroba (moxucs axsovs, rom iyo sopranisti) ** ACT.
`saCuqari~: 1: waqezeba (an waqezebuli) saCuqris gadasacemad.
91
(133) man yvelaze lamazi beWedi moixsna maT Soris, rom-
lebic mis gamxmar TiTebs amSvenebda da marianinas ubeSi Ca-
udo. * ACT. ZRveni: 2: sagnis gadacema.
(134) patara keklucma siciliT aiRo samkauli, TiTze
xelTaTmanis zemodan gaikeTa *ACT. `saCuqari~: 3: saCuqarze
daTanxmeba (sicili da xelTaTmanebi warmoadgenen realobis
efeqtebs, pirobiTobebs; swored maTi umniSvneloba adastu-
rebs, amtkicebs da aRniSnavs realobas).
(135) da swrafad gaiqca salonisken, saidanac im wuTSi kad-
rilis preludia ismoda. * ACT. `wasvla~: 1: wasvlis survili.
(136) man SegvniSna:
_ ah, Tqven aq iyaviT? _ Tqva man gawiTlebulma. ise
gviyurebda, TiTqos raRacis kiTxva surda, * ACT. `wasvla~:
2: gasvlis Seferxeba. `TiTqos~ aq marTlac asrulebs azris
operatoris mTavar rols. is aris gasaRebi, romelsac Semoh-
yavs Canacvlebebi, ekvivalentebi, riTac aqtidan (yureba ga-
mosakiTxavad) xilulobisken (TiTqos raRacis kiTxva surda),
ganxorcielebulidan _ aRmniSvnelisken gadadis.
(137) Semdeg ki Tavisi asakisTvis damaxasiaTebeli uzrun-
velobiT kavalerisken gaiqca. * ACT. `wasvla~: 3: darbazSi
dabruneba.
XXXVI. Cakecva da gaSla

ra aris moqmedebis mimdevroba? saxelis gaSlis SesaZle-
bloba. Sesvla? me SemiZlia Tanmimdevrulad gavSalo es zmna:
`Tavis gamovlena~ da `SeRweva~. wasvla? iSleba ase: `survi-
li~, `Seyovneba~, ùkan dabruneba~ (darbazSi). saCuqris mi-
cema? `gamowveva~, `gadacema~, miReba~. da piriqiT, Tanmimde-
vrobis ageba misi saxelis povnas niSnavs: Tanmimdevruloba
monetasaviTaa, saxelis Rirebulebis ekvivalentia. ra aris
misi mazanda? ra aerTianebs àdieu~-s, `karsa~ da `saCuqars~?
ra Tanmimdevruli qmedebebisa da komponentebisgan Sedge-
bian isini? rogori nakecebiT SeiZleba daikecos marao? ro-
gorc Cans, Tanmimdevrulad moqmedebs nakecis ori sistema
(ori logika), Ppirveli sayrden sityvas (saxelsa Tu zmnas)
Tavisi konstituciuri elementebis mixedviT anawevrebs
(wevrebi SeiZleba iyos mowesrigebuli: dawyeba/gagrZeleba
92
an areuli: dawyeba/gaCereba/kvlav dawyeba). meore ukavSir-
deba momijnave qmedebebis sayrden sityvas (gamomSvidobeba/
gadabareba, kocna). es sistemebi, erTi analitikuri, meore
_ katalizuri, erTi ganmsazRvreli, meore _ metonimiuri,
erTi da imave logikidan momdinareoben, rogoricaa: ukve
nanaxia, ukve wakiTxulia, ukve gakeTebulia: eseni kulturu-
li da empiriuli kodebia. Tanmimdevrulobis gaSla an, piri-
qiT, misi Cakecva, didi modelebis wesebis Sesabamisad xdeba,
romelTac kulturuli (madloba saCuqrisTvis), organuli
(darRveva qmedebis mdinarebisa) an fenomenaluri (xmauri win
uZRvis fenomenis gamoCenas) da a.S. buneba aqvT. proaireti-
kuli Tanmimdevruloba aris rigi, e.i. _ `simravle aRWur-
vilia erTgvari Tanmimdevrobis kanoniT~ (laibnici). magram
Tanmimdevrobis wesi aq kulturuli (an es xdeba saerTo jam-
Si `Cveuleba~) da lingvisturi (es aris saxelis SesaZleblo-
ba, `msxvili~ sityva, romelsac aqvs didi SesaZleblobebi)
xasiaTisaa. amavdroulad, Tanmimdevrobebs SeuZliaT mo-
wesrigdnen erTmaneTSi (gaerTiandnen, Senawevrdnen) qselis,
cxrilis msgavsad (magaliTad, aseTia Tanmimdevrobani _
`Sesvla~, `kari~, Àdieu!~, `wasvla~), magram amgvari cxrilis
(naratiuli eniT, amgvari epizodis) `bedi~ aq dakavSirebulia
meta-saxelis SesaZleblobaze (magaliTad, beWdis meta-Tan-
mimdevruloba). amgvarad, sakiTxavi teqstis aRqma niSnavs sa-
xelidan saxelze, nakecidan _ nakecze gadasvlas; es aris te-
qstis Cakecva erTi saxelis qveS, romelic kvlav gaiSleba
am saxelis axali nakecebis mixedviT: amgvaria proairetiz-
mi: is gvTavazobs kiTxvis ostatobas (Tu xelovnebas), eZiebs
saxelebs da am mimarTulebiT aZlierebs Zalisxmevas: es ar-
is aqti leqsikuri transcendenciisa, klasebad dalagebisa,
romelic awesrigebs enas. es aris, rogorc budisti filoso-
fosi ityoda, maias moqmedeba, romelic vlindeba garegnul
niSnebSi, romlebic calkeul formebs da saxelebs iReben.
(138) _ ras niSnavs es yvelaferi? _ SemekiTxa Cemi axal-
gazrda Tanamgzavri. nuTu es misi qmaria? * HER. gamocana 3:
formulacia (ra kavSiri aqvs moxucs lantebis ojaxTan?). **
miuxedavad imisa, rom hipoTeza, romelic axalgazrda qalma
gamoTqva _ mcdaria, is mainc poulobs gamosavals, saxels
aZlevs simbolos, ris Semdegac kidev erTxel daaqorwinebs
93
kastrats axalgazrdobaze, silamazesa da sicocxleze. ka-
strati qorwindeba axalgazrda qalze an marianinaze: simbo-
lo ar exeba konkretul pirs (SYM. kastratis qorwineba).
(139) mgonia, rom sizmarSi var. sad var?
_ Tqven! _ vupasuxe, _ Tqven, qalbatono, vinc ase aRma-
frTovanebeli xarT, visac yvelaze SeumCneveli grZnobebis
gageba SegiZliaT da ZalgiZT, kacis gulSi ise aRZraT Rrma da
nazi grZnobebi, rom igi ar SeuracxyoT, CanasaxSive ar gabza-
roT, Tqven, vinc TanaugrZnobT gulis wuxils da italieli
Tu espaneli qalebis vnebian sulTan Serwymuli parizelis
goneba gaqvT...
is mSvenivrad mixvda, rom Cemi sityvebi mware ironiiT iyo
gajerebuli, magram ar SeimCnia da momibrunda:
_ ah! Tqven gindaT, rom Tqveni gemovnebis mixedviT gar-
damqmnaT. saSineli Zaladobaa! gsurT, rom me me ar viyo?
_ ara, me araferi ar minda! _ wamoviyvire misi saxis
mkacri gamometyvelebiT SeSinebulma. * aq gvxvdeba ori kul-
turuli kodi da erTi meores avsebs: 1. `RvlarWnili stili~
ramdenadac metad kodirebulia, miT mZimea, amdenad is aris
an mTxrobelis mier Segnebulad ganxorcielebuli parodia
an balzakiseuli warmodgenis nayofi imaze, Tu ra `msubu-
qia~ maRali wris saubrebi; 2. Semdegi kodia ironia, rome-
lic aseve metad mZimea, igive mizezebiT (REF. RvlarWnili
sti-li, ironia) ** REF. Pparizuli goneba da samxreTuli vneba
(italieli Tu espaneli qalebis vnebiani suli). *** Tavidan
mamobrivad mzrunveli mTxrobeli aq mijnurad gardaiqmne-
ba; qali batonobs masze, radgan Tavisi gulismpyroblis
pirveli sityvisTanave (romelsac qali ise warmoTqvams, rom
ar imCnevs: `magram ar SeimCnia da momibrunda~), kaci-qve-
Sevrdomi ukan ixevs da isev im daqvemdebarebul mdgomare-
obas ubrundeba, rac aucilebelia istoriis gasagrZeleb-
lad (SYM. qali-dedofali da mTxrobeli-qveSevrdomi).
(140) magram aRiareT, rom mZafri vnebebis Sesaxeb ambebis
mosmena giyvarT; vnebebisa, romlebsac Cvens gulebSi saoca-
ri samxreTeli qalebi aRZraven.* mTxrobelma icis idumali
moxucisa da misteriuli adonisis istoria (#№70 da № # 120);
Tavis mxriv, axalgazrda qali amiT dainteresebulia (#№119);
amgvarad, yovelgvari pirobaa imisTvis, rom Txroba Sedges.
amjerad gadavdivarT Txrobis eqsplicitur SeTavazebaze.
94
es SeTavazeba (aq) upirvelesad mTxrobelis mier qali-dedo-
flisTvis gankuTvnili ZRvenia _ rogorc Cans, mis Semosari-
geblad. amgvarad, sanam Txroba (romelic win gvelis) savaWro
saqonlad iqceva (bazarSi SeZenili, rac mogvianebiT dazust-
deba), aris ZRveni (ACT. `moTxroba~: 3: Txrobis SeTavazeba).
**REF. vneba (analogiis xibli: cxeli mze mwvel vnebebs iwve-
vs, siyvaruli xom alia). samxreTeloba konotirebulia ukve
axalgazrda filipos zeTisxilisferi saxis kaniT, riTac na-
adrevadaa SemoTavazebuli misi ìtaliuri~ warmomavlobis
miTiTeba.*** leqsia gvTavazobs cru gamocanas: 1: istoria,
romelic unda gviambon, aris qalis istoria; 2. magram es iq-
neba zambinelas istoria; 3: maSasadame, zambinela aRmoCndeba
qali. mTxrobeli atyuebs Tavis msmenels (da mkiTxvels) da
sanam me-6 gamocana (vin aris zambinela?) daiwyeba, is ukve gza-
saa acdenili (HER. gamocana 6: Tematizacia da tyuili).
XXXVII. hermenevtikuli fraza

WeSmariti winadadeba aris `kargad agebuli~ fraza. is Sei-
cavs siuJets (gamocanis Tema), ayalibebs kiTxvis pirobas (ga-
mocanis formulireba), atarebs kiTxviT niSans (gamocanis da-
sma), gansxvavebul, daqvemdebarebul da CarTul winadadebebs
da katalizebs (pasuxis gadavadeba), romlebic win uZRvian fi-
naluri predikatis gamovlinebas (fardis axda). kanonikurad,
me-6 gamocanas (vin aris zambinela?) aqvs Semdegi saxe:
95
am kanonis modifikacia SesaZlebelia (ramdenadac arse-
bobs frazis mravali rigi) im pirobiT, Tu ZiriTadi (`sa-
fuZvliseuli~) hermenevtemebi diskursSi ama Tu im momentSi
gamoCndebian: diskursma SeiZleba erTaderT formulirebaSi
(erTaderT aRmniSvnelSi) moaqcios araerTi hermenevtema,
rac gamowveuli iqneba xan erTi da xan meore hermenevtemis
dafarviT (Tematizacia, gamocnoba da formulireba), xan
Seicvalos hermenevtikuli wesrigi: SesaZlebelia pasuxi
cru mimarTulebiT wavides, sanam kiTxva daismeba (Cven gvar-
wmuneben, rom zambinela aris qali, vidre saerTod gamoC-
ndeba TxrobaSi); an aseve, cdomileba SeiZleba gagrZeldes
mas Semdegac, rac WeSmaritebas farda aexdeba (sarazini isev
Tvals xuWavs zambinelas sqesze mas Semdegac, rac misTvis
yvelaferi cxadi gaxdeba). hermenevtikuli frazis es Tavi-
sufleba (romelic, yvela proporciis dacvis pirobiT,
odnav emsgavseba fleqsiur Tavisuflebas) momdinareobs
iqidan, rom klasikuri Txroba aerTianebs or TvalTaxedvas
(relevanturobis or tips): pirveli aris komunikaciuri kanoni,
romlis Tanaxmadac, daniSnulebis qselebi erTmaneTisgan
unda gamocalkevdes, raTa TiToeulma maTganma SeZlos
arseboba, Tundac `daiwvas~ misi mezobeli xazi (sarazini
agrZelebs Tavisken cru informaciis mimarTvas imis Semdegac
ki, rac mkiTxvelis komunikaciuri xazi ukve gajerebulia.
moqandakis sibrmave xdeba axali Setyobineba, axali siste-
mis obieqti, romlis erTaderTi adresati amieridan mxo-
lod mkiTxvelia) da meore, fsevdo-logikuri kanoni, rome-
lic, rogorc ki postulirdeba subieqti, predikatebis
gamovlenis wesrigSi uSvebs erTgvar Tavisuflebas; amgvari
Tavisufleba marTlac aZlierebs subieqtis (varskvlavis)
upiratesobas, romlis Seryeva (pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT: ki-
Txvis qveS dayeneba) SemTxveviTi da droebiTi aRmoCndeba:
an ufro zustad rom vTqvaT: misi SemTxveviTi xasiaTi uSu-
alod kiTxvis droebiTobidan momdinareobs: subieqti ro-
gorc ki moipovebs Tavis `WeSmarit~ predikats, yvelaferi
dauyovnebliv dalagdeba da fraza SeiZleba dasruldes.
(141) da mere ra!
_ ai, ra! xval saRamos aTi saaTisken moval TqvenTan da am
ojaxis saidumlos gagimxelT. * `Txrobis~ meTodologiuri
96
TanmimdevrobiT ganlagebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos ufro mci-
re Tanmimdevroba Tu naratiuli bloki da es aris `paemani~
(SeTavazeba/uaryofa/daTanxmeba), miT ufro, rom paemani
aris romanuli arsenalis gavrcelebuli forma (romanis
gagrZelebaSi aris sxva paemanic, romelsac duenia uniSnavs
sarazins # №288 leqsiaSi). Tumca, vinaidan es paemani aq, Ta-
visi specifikuri struqturiT (uaryofa/daTanxmeba), mTxro-
belsa da axalgazrda qals Soris gamarTuli diagramatiku-
li garigebaa, romlis saganic `Txrobaa~, igi (`paemani~) pir-
dapir CaerTveba `moTxrobis~ TanmimdevrulobaSi da misi
Sualeduri elementi gaxdeba: ACT. `moTxroba~: 4: paemanis
SeTavazeba, raTa wynar garemoSi uambos raRac istoria (Za-
lian xSiri aqti yoveldRiuri cxovrebis kodisTvis: axla
raRac unda giambo...).
(142) _ ara, mipasuxa man jiuti gamometyvelebiT, minda
axlave miamboT.
_ Tqven kidev ar mogiciaT ufleba dagmorCildeT, roca
ambobT _ `minda~... * ACT. `moTxroba~: 5: kamaTi Sexvedris
droze. ** rogorc Cans, qali-dedofali ambis dauyovnebliv
Txrobas wminda kaprizulobidan gamomdinare iTxovs _ rac
konotaciuri miTiTebaa mis Zalauflebaze, magram mTxro-
beli mas Seaxsenebs kamaTis WeSmarit da, amasTan, seriozul
mizezs: jer CemTvis araferi mogicia, amitom ar maqvs arana-
iri valdebuleba Sen winaSe. es niSnavs: Tu dammorCildebiT,
giambobT istorias. Tqven _ me, me _ Tqven: siyvarulis wuTi
lamazi istoriis sanacvlod (SYM. qali-dedofali da mTxro-
beli _ qveSevrdomi).
(143) _ axlave minda am saidumlos gageba, _ mipasuxa ise-
Ti sikekluciT, romelsac adamianis imedgacruebamde miyva-
na SeuZlia. _ xval iqneb aRarc ki momindes Tqveni mosmena...*
SYM. qali-dedofali (Wirveuli). mcdeloba imisa, rom dauyo-
vnebliv miiRos produqti (ambis moyolis moTxovna), niSnavs
partnioris motyuebis mcdelobas, radgan mTxrobelis sur-
vili arafriT SeiZleba dakmayofildes pirdapir de lantis
saxlSi: Cans, axalgazrda qals `TaRliToba~ surs.
(144) man gaiRima da Cven erTmaneTs davSordiT; is, ro-
gorc yovelTvis, amayi da Tavdajerebuli, me _ Zveleburad
sasacilo. mas eyo gambedaoba, valsi Seesrulebina axalgaz-
97
rda adiutantTan; me ki xan vbrazobdi, xan vibutebodi, xan
aRtacebuli viyavi, xan siyvaruliT vivsebodi, xan _ eWvebi
mRrRnida. * SYM. qali-dedofali da mTxrobeli-qveSevrdo-
mi. simboluri mdgomareoba, raSic partniorebi imyofebian,
aq gadmocemulia fsiqologiuri meta-enis daxmarebiT, erT-
erTi dainteresebuli piris mier.
(145) _ xvalamde! _ miTxra man daaxloebiT Ramis 2 sa-
aTze, roca mejliss tovebda. * ACT. `Txroba~: 6: daTanxmeba
Sexvedraze.
(146) _ ar moval! _ gavifiqre _ migatoveb. Sen, albaT,
aTasjer ufro Wirveuli xar, ufro saocari... vidre SemiZlia
warmovidgino... * ACT. Txroba. Sexvedris Uuaryofa. SexvedriT
TamaSi, kadrilisas figuraTa cvlis msgavsi (erTisagan mi-
Rebuli Tanxmoba ukugdebulia meoris mier da piriqiT), di-
agramatulad avlens vaWrul suls, rac aris SeTavazebebisa
da uaryofebis monacvleoba: Sexvedris epizods miemarTeba
ekonomikuri gacvla-gamocvlis Zalian mkafio niSnebi. Se-
saZlebelia zambinelas ambavi fiqtiuradac ki mogveCvenos
Tavad fiqciaSi: es aris falsificirebuli moneta, mimoqceva-
Si TaRliTurad CarTuli.
(147) meore dRes cecxlis win visxediT * ACT. `Txroba~: 8:
Sexvedraze daTanxmeba.
(148) patara, eleganturad morTul oTaxSi; is _ patara
divanze, me baliSebze, TiTqmis mis ferxTiT da TvalebSi Se-
vyurebdi. quCaSi siCume idga. lampa msubuqad anaTebda. Ees iyo
sulis maamebeli erT-erTi saucxoo saRamo, romelsac ve-
rasodes daiviwyeb; es iyo simSvidesa da survilSi ganvlili
saaTebi, romelTa momxibvleloba yovelTvis sinanuliT ga-
gaxsendeba, maSinac ki, roca ufro did bednierebas ganicdi.
ras SeuZlia sulidan warxocos pirveli siyvarulis cocxali
anabeWdi? * SYM. qali _ dedofali da mTxrobeli _ qveSevr-
domi (vijeqi ...TiTqmis mis fexTiT da TvalebSi Sevyurebdi).
dekoracia (mogizgize buxari, siCume, komfortuli aveji,
mSvidi naTeli) ambivalenturia, rac gamogvadgeboda rogorc
lamazi istoriis TxrobisaTvis, aseve am sasiyvaruli saRamos
ambis gadmosacemad. ** REF. vnebis, wuxilis da sxva kodebi.
(149) _ daiwyeT, _ miTxra man, _ gismen. * ACT. `Txroba~: 9:
brZanebis gacema ambis mosayolad.
98
(150) magram dawyebas ver vbedav. ambavSi mTxrobelisTvis
saxifaTo adgilebia. Tuki gamitaca, SemaCereT. * ACT. `mo-
Txroba~: 7: yoymani ambis TxrobasTan dakavSirebiT. SesaZle-
belia jer specialur morfemaSi unda moqceuliyo diskur-
sis es ukanaskneli yoymani, rom axali istoria dawyebuli-
yo; amas SeiZleba wmindad diskursuli Seyovneba vuwodoT,
rac striptizSi ukanasknel Seyovnebas mogvagonebs. ** SYM.
mTxrobeli da kastracia. mTxrobeli `riskavs~, rom Zalian
SeiWreba TxrobaSi, amitom winaswar aigivebs Tavs zambinelas
mimarT sarazinis `vnebasTan~ da Tavad kastraciasTan, rac
mTeli am ambis fsonia.
(151) _ miambeT. * ACT. `Txroba~: 11: brZanebis ganmeoreba.
(152) _ gemorCilebiT. * ACT. `moTxroba~. brZanebis da-
morCileba. am ukanaskneli sityvidan gamomdinare, Txroba,
romelic iwyeba, ganlagdeba qali-dedoflis niSnis qveS da
damsaWurisebeli saxis simboloa.
XXXVIII. Txroba _ SeTanxmeba
Txrobis safuZveli _ survilia. maSasadame, Txroba rom

Sedges, survili unda icvlebodes, Sediodes ekvivalentebi-
sa da metonimiebis sistemaSi: an kidev, Txrobis SeTxzvis-
Tvis, Txroba unda flobdes gacvla-gamocvlis unars, unda
emorCilebodes ekonomikas. magaliTad, `sarazinSi~ adoni-
sis saidumlo misive sxeulia; am saidumlos gaxsna sxeulSi
SeRwevas niSnavs: axalgazrda qals surs adonisi (#№113) da
surs, icodes misi istoria (#№119): pirveli survili ukve Cven
winaSea, rac metonimiis saSualebiT gansazRvravs meores.
mTxrobeli, romelic adonisze eWvianobs, kulturuli kodis
normebis Sesabamisad (#№115-116), valdebulia isurvos axal-
gazrda qali; da vinaidan man icis adonisis istoria, yvela
piroba arsebobs SeTanxmebis misaRwevad: A-s surs B, romel-
sac, Tavis mxriv, surs raRac, rasac A flobs; A da B erTman-
eTSi cvlian survils da am raRacas, am sxeulsa da am ambavs:
siyvarulis erTi Rame lamazi istoriisTvis.
ambavi _ Ees aris valuta, xelidan-xelSi gadanacvle-
buli, SeTanxmebis sagani, ekonomikuri fsoni, erTi sityviT,
99
Ggasayidi saqoneli, romlis savaWro SeTanxmeba, romelic,
rogorc es aq xdeba, SeiZleba mivides namdvil savaWro gari-
gebamde; igi aRar Semoifargleba gamomcemlis kabinetiT da
mTeli Tavisi mSvenebiT warmogvidgeba TxrobaSi. ai, Te-
oria, romelic SeiZleba SeiTxzas `sarazinis~ furclebi-
dan; ai, kiTxva, romelic SesaZloa daisvas mTel am ambavSi.M
magram raSi SeiZleba gaicvalos ambavi? ra `Rirs~ igi? Aaq
Txroba icvleba sxeulze (saubaria sasiyvarulo urTier-
Tobaze, prostituciaze), sxvagan mas SeuZlia iyidos TviT
sicocxlec (àTas erT RameSi~ Seherazades mier moTxro-
bili erTi istoria Rirs sicocxlis erTi damatebiTi dRe);
sxvagan ki, magaliTad sadTan, mTxrobeli, rogorc yidva-
gayidvis aqtSi, sistematurad cvlis orgias filosofiur
msjelobaze, e.i. azrze (amjerad filosofiis azri seqsis,
buduaris Rirebulebis Sesabamisi aRmoCndeba): Txroba, Ta-
visi Tavbrudamxvevi xrikebiT, xelSekrulebis reprezenta-
ciaa, rac mis safuZvelSi devs: am TxrobaSi, romelic CvenTvis
samagaliToa, Txroba aris Txrobis Teoria (ekonomikuri):
aq ar mogviTxroben `SeqcevisTvis~, `dasamoZRvrad~ an ra-
Rac adamianuri moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. Cven
mogviTxroben imisTvis, rom moxdes gacvla Dda es gacvla Ta-
vad TxrobaSi figurirebs. Txroba aris erTdroulad war-
moebis procesi da produqti, saqoneli da komercia, fsoni da
am fsonis damdebi: `sarazinSi~ es dialeqtika ufro naTlad
Cans, ramdenadac Tavad Txroba-vaWrobis (kastraciis isto-
ria) `Sinaarsi~ saSualebas ar iZleva, rom es aqti bolomde
aRsruldes: axalgazrda qali, romelic kastraciis Sesaxeb
moTxrobilma ambavma SeZra, garigebas auqmebs, pativs ar
scems Tavis valdebulebas, dapirebas ar asrulebs.
XXXIX. es ar aris teqstis axsna
ramdenadac teqsti, erTsa da imave dros, savaWro saqo-

nelicaa da kontraqtis obieqtic, MmaSasadame, is aris sagani.
amitom SeuZlebelia dadges sakiTxi, unda Camoyalibdes Tu
ara ritorikuli ierarqia novelis or nawils Soris, rac sa-
zogadod xdeba xolme: saRamo lantebTan ar aris ubralo
prologi da arc sarazinis Tavgadasavali _ mTavari ambavi;
100
moqandake ar aris gmiri da arc mTxrobelia ubralo, meore-
xarisxovani personaJi; `sarazini~ kastratis istoria ki ar
aris, kontraqtis istoriaa. es aris erTgvari Zalis (Txroba)
da am Zalis im garigebaze gavlenis istoria, romlis (gari-
gebis) safuZvladac is iqceva. maSasadame, teqstis es orive
nawili arc mwyobridan amovardnilia da arc eqvemdebareba
kanons _ Txroba TxrobaSi. naratiuli blokebis erTmaneTSi
Casma (mxolod) TamaSTan ki ara, (aseve) ekonomikur bunebas-
Tanacaa dakavSirebuli. erTi ambavi meoris amosavlad meto-
nimiuri ganvrcobis gziT ki ar iqceva (garda im SemTxvevisa,
roca is survilis brZmedSi gaivlis), aramed paradigmatu-
li cvalebadobiT: Txroba aris gansazRvruli ara Txrobis,
aramed gacvlis surviliT: es aris substituti, Semcvleli,
moneta, oqros ekvivalenti da am mTavar ekvivalentTan mimar-
TebiT Rirebulia ara `sarazinis~ gegma, aramed struqtura.
struqtura ar aris gegma. amitom Cveni gamokvleva ar gaxlavT
teqstis ganmarteba.
(153) _ ernest-Jan sarazini bezansoneli advokatis erTa-
derTi Svili iyo, _ daviwye mcire pauzis Semdeg. _ mamamisma
sakmaod kanonierad daagrova kapitali, romelic weliwadSi
6-idan 8-aTas livramde aRwevda, rac provinciisTvis im dros
kolosalur Tanxad iTvleboda. moxuc sarazins, romelsac
erTi vaJis garda aravin hyavda, ar surda raime daeklo misi
ganaTlebisTvis. mas imedi hqonda, rom odesme igi sasamarT-
lo uwyebis moxele gaxdeboda da didxans icocxlebda _ ise,
rom xandazmulobisas, san-dueli miwaTmoqmedis, matio sara-
zinis SviliSvili, parlamentis sadideblad, saxelmwifo ger-
biT damSvenebul savarZelSi mokalaTdeboda da CaTvlemda.
magram gangebam moxuc advokats es sixaruli ar arguna. * Ta-
vad novelis saxelwodebaSi ukve (#№1) iyo dasmuli kiTxva: ras
niSnavs sarazini? axla pasuxi gaeca am kiTxvas (HER. ��
gamoca-
na 1: pasuxi). ** SYM. mama da Svili: antiTeza: A: kurTxeuli
Svili (mas SeaCveneben #№168-e leqsiaSi). antiTeza miemarTe-
ba kulturul kods: mama _ mosamarTle, Svili _ xelovani:
amgvari inversia xrwnis sazogadoebas: ***am ojaxur roman-
Si erTi adgili carielia: dedis adgili (SYM. Mmama da Svili.
deda ar Cans).
101
(154) mcirewlovani sarazini aRsazrdelad iezuitebs
mi-abares. * ACT. `pansioni~: pansionSi mibareba.
(155) is iyo daudgromeli xasiaTis, * SEM. daudgromlo-
ba. denotaciurad daudgromloba xasiaTis Strixia, magram am
SemTxvevaSi es Strixi ufro farTo, bundovansa da, amasTan,
formalur mniSvnelobas iZens: es aris substanciis mdgoma-
reoba, romelic ar `gajerdeba~ da ar ìwmindeba~, rCeba daS-
lili, areuli; sarazini am naklis gamoa ganwiruli. is mTli-
anobas, organul simsubuqesaa moklebuli. sabolood, sityva
daudgromlobis etimologiuri mniSvneloba mis konotaciur
mniSvnelobad iqceva.
(156) niWieri bavSvi; SEM. `mowodeba~ (amjerad ar aris
gansazRvruli).
(157) Taviseburad mecadineoba surda, xSirad avlenda
meamboxur bunebas, xandaxan saaTobiT eZleoda SfoTian fi-
qrebs, xanac megobrebis TamaSs adevnebda Tvals, xan ki Tavs
homerosis gmirad warmoidgenda. * SEM. sivelure ** (mowode-
ba: artistuli: SesaZlebelia literaturuli?).
(158) garTobisas zedmet mgznebarebas avlenda. amxanageb-
Tan konfliqti iSviaTad mTavrdeboda usisxlod. Tu maTze
susti aRmoCndeboda, ikbineboda. * SEM. gadaWarbebuloba
(bunebriv normebs gacdena). qaluroba (ikbeneboda, faliku-
ri muStis gamoyenebis nacvlad; es qalurobis konotato-
ria). moqandakis bavSvobaSi sisxlis kvalis gaCena winaswar
gvamcnobs mis dramatul momavals.
(159) xan energiiT iyo aRsavse, xan Zalagamoclili, xan
ugunuri, xan – emociuri, misi ucnauri xasiaTi (...) * SEM. kom-
poziti. misi damRupvelad mavnebluri sema, sxva formebiT,
ukve gamovlinda teqstis pirvel nawilSi; xasiaTis simZime
(romanis terminologiiT es aris ucnauroba) konotirebu-
lia macalkevebeli kavSiriT _ `xan... xan~, rac urTierTsapi-
rispiro mdgomareobebs warmoadgens; miuTiTebs, rom gmirs
yovelgvari organuli mdgomareobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
homogenurobis, Sinagani erTianobis, erTi sityviT, sisavsis
miRweva ar ZaluZs (#№213); Tumca ver vityviT, rom sarazins
aklia mamakacuroba (energia, damoukidebloba da a.S), magram
102
es (mamakacuroba) arastabiluria, rac moqandakes sisrulis,
erTianobisa da simSvidisgan ganaSorebs da ngrevisa da usru-
lobisken mihyavs (an aRniSnavs yovelive amas).
XL. Tematikis dabadeba
is, rom sarazini `xan energiiT aRsavse, xan Zalagamocli-

li~ iyo, mis xasiaTSi raRac `mouxelTeblis~ warmoCenis, am
`raRacis~ saxeldebis mcdelobas niSnavs. Aase iwyeba saxelde-
bis procesi, rac mkiTxvelis kompetencias ganekuTvneba: ki-
Txva saxeldebisTvis brZolas, teqstis frazebis semantikur
gardaqmnas niSnavs. es gardaqmna yoymans gulisxmobs, is mra-
val saxelTagan erTis SerCevisas meryeobs; Tu Segvatyobine-
ben, rom sarazini flobda `Zlier nebelobas, romlisaTvisac
ucxo iyo dabrkoleba~ _ ras amovikiTxavT masSi? nebas, ener-
gias, simtkices, sijiutes da a.S.? konotatori migvaniSnebs
ara imdenad gansazRvrul saxelze, ramdenadac sinonimTa
kompleqsze, romelsac saerTo birTvi aqvs, miuxedavad imi-
sa, rom diskurss sxva SesaZleblobebisa da ufro Tvisobrivi
niSnebisken mivyavarT. amgvarad, kiTxvis proce-si erTgvar
metonimiur dasxltomad gvevlineba, TiToeuli sinonimi Ta-
vis mezobels raRac Strixs, aTvlis axal wertils umatebs:
magaliTad, moxucis konotacia Tavidan iyo susti, Semdeg is
gardaiqmna `SuSiseburad~. Sedegad, miviReT saxe, romelic
gaqvavebis, gaSeSebis, uZraobisa da mSrali da civi simyifis
aRmniSvnel mniSvnelobebs aerTianebs. amgvari semantikuri
gafarToeba Tavad mniSvnelobis moZraobam ganapiroba: mni-
Svneloba sxlteba, Tan sxvadasxva mxares miemarTeba da Tan
win miiwevs: axla ukve is analizs ki ara, aRweras saWiroebs,
rac semantikur gafarToebas, leqsikuri transcendencias
da im zogad sityvasTan miaxloebas gulisxmobs, romliskenac
is TavgamodebiT miiswrafvis: semantikis sagani unda gaxdes
mniSvnelobaTa sinTezi da ara sityvaTa analizi. gafarToe-
bebis es semantika erTgvarad ukve arsebobs: es gaxlavT e.w.
Tematika. erTi mxriv, Tematizacia leqsikonis CarCoebi-
dan gamosvlas, ama Tu im sinonimuri jaWvis (daudgromeli,
mRelvare, arastabiluri, daSlili) gamovlenas niSnavs, rac
103
gafarToebuli saxeldebisken wasvlis SesaZleblobas gvaZ-
levs (riTac SeiZleba erTgvar sensualizmSi gadaviWraT)
da, meore mxriv, im statikur mdgomareobebTan dabrunebas
gulisxmobs, romlebic erTgvari myari formebis Seqmnis Se-
saZleblobas gvaZlevs (is, rac xelCasaWidia), vinaidan semis
rentabeluroba, teqstis Tematur nawilad gardaqmnis mise-
uli unari damokidebulia mis ganmeorebadobaze. magaliTad,
rodesac saubaria sarazinis agresiulobaze, sasurveli iq-
neboda gamogveyo iseTi qmedeba (ganmeorebuli Tavisebure-
ba), rogoricaa danakuweba, vinaidan SemdgomSi es elementi
sxva mniSvnelobebSic aRmoCndeba. analogiurad, moxucis fan-
tastikuroba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqceva semantikur Rire-
bulebad, Tu adamianur normebs gacdena am sityvis erT-erTi
`komponenti~ iqneba (erT-erTi misi `saxelTagani~) da teqstis
sxva adgilebSic Segvxvdeba. teqstis kiTxva, gageba, Temati-
zeba (yovel SemTxvevaSi klasikuri teqstis) _ sawyisad aRe-
buli saxelis erTgvar gafarToebas niSnavs sxva saxelebamde
(amgvarad, sarazinis Zaladobas vafarToebT, sul mcire, ga-
daWarbebulobamde, Tumca es saxeli arc ise Seefereba imas,
rac scdeba normebs da bunebis sazRvrebs miRma gadis). es ga-
farToeba, cxadia, garkveuli kodis arsebobas iTvaliswinebs:
rogorc ki nominatiuri aRrevis procesi wydeba, garkveuli
kritikuli done miRweulia, nawarmoebi ixureba, ena, romlis
saSualebiTac semantikuri transformacia aResruleba, bu-
nebad, WeSmaritebad, naSromis saidumloebad gardaiqmneba.
mxolod romeliRac usazRvro Tematikas, romelic dausru-
lebeli nominaciis procesSi warmoiqmneba, SeuZlia enis bu-
nebis, rogorc uwyveti qmnis procesis gadmocema, TviTon
kiTxvis procesis Sesabamisobad da ara mis mier warmoebuli
produqciis erTobliobad gardaqmna. magram klasikur te-
qstSi enis metonimiurobas versad vipoviT: swored aqedan
momdinareobs saTamaSo kamaTlebis gagorebis fataluroba,
romlis saSualebiTac wydeba da Cerdeba saxelTa yovelgvari
sxltoma da swored es aris Tematika.
(160) ��
SiSs aRuZravda rogorc maswavleblebs, ise amxana-
gebs. * SEM. safrTxe.
(161) berZnuli enis safuZvlebis Seswavlis nacvlad, Rir-
si mamis portrets xatavda, romelic Tukidides fragments
xsnida, aseve xatavda maTematikis maswavleblis, prefeqtis,
104
mejinibis, gamomcdelis karikaturebs da mTel kedlebs ra-
Rac uTavbolo eskizebiT faravda. * SEM. sivelure (sarazini
yvelafers ukuRma akeTebs, normebs arRvevs, `bunebis~ sazR-
vrebs miRma gadis).** SEM. mowodeba (xatva). aRsaniSni moxazu-
lia kulturul kodSi: genialuri zarmaci warmatebas sasko-
lo mecadineobis reglamentirebul CarCoebs miRma aRwevs.
(162) eklesiaSi, RvTismsaxurebis dros, uflis sadideb-
lis galobis nacvlad, erToboda da skamze daniT naWdevebs
akeTebda. * SEM. uRmerToba aq identificirebulia ara gu l-
grilobasTan, aramed gamowvevasTan. sarazini aris (an iqneba)
transgresori. transagresia aq RvTismsaxurebis ignorire-
bas ki ara, mis (parodiul) gameorebas gulisxmobs, sapirispi-
ro, erotikuli da fantazmaturi moqmedebis, kveTis gziT. **
SEM. kveTa. sagnis mTlianobis rRveva, regresiuli (da amoCe-
mebuli) swrafva danawevrebuli sagnebisken, maTi danawevre-
bis fantazma, fetiSis mopovebisa da misi Ziebis survili _
yovelive es xelaxla gamoCndeba maSin, roca sarazini Tavis
fiqrebSi isev aSiSvlebs zambinelas, raTa misi sxeuli daxatos.
XLI. sakuTari saxeli

zogjer sarazinze ise vlaparakobT, TiTqos es adamia-
ni realurad arsebobda, rom hqonda momavali, Tavisi ucna-
urobani, suli; magram Cven mis figuraze vsaubrobT (upiro
simboloebis konfiguracia, romelic sakuTar saxel _ sa-
razinSia gaerTianebuli) da ara mis pirovnebaze (romelsac
sulieri Tavisufleba aqvs, rac adamianis motivirebulobi-
sa da azrobrivi sisavsis wyaroa): Cveni mizani konotaciebis
gamovlenaa da ara gamoZiebis Catareba; Cven sarazinis vinao-
bas ki ar viZiebT, aramed (gardamavali) teqstis erTgvari sis-
tematikis gagebas vcdilobT: Cven movniSnavT am fragments
(saxel sarazinis daxmarebiT), raTa igi naratiuli alibis
wreSi, `gadauwyveteli~ mniSvnelobebis sistemaSi, mravalm-
niSvnelovani kodebSi CavrToT. diskursisgan gmiris sakuTa-
ri saxelis sesxebiT, saxelis ekonomikur bunebas mivyvebiT:
romanis reJimSi (da mxolod aq?), saxeli gacvlis instrumen-
tia: is (saxeli) saSualebas gvaZlevs, Strixebis erToba Se-
sabamisi nominaluri erTobiT CavanacvloT, niSansa da Tanxas
105
Soris ekvivalenturi mimarTebis Camoyalibebis gziT: es aris
gamoangariSebis xerxi, rodesac, Tanabari fasis pirobebSi,
kompaqturi saqoneli ufro kargad gamoiyureba, vidre didi
moculobisa. gansxvaveba mxolod is aris, rom saxelis eko-
nomikuri (substituciuri, semantikuri) funqcia meti gulw-
rfelobiTaa gacxadebuli. aqedan momdinareobs patronimuli
kodebis mravalferovneba: gavixsenoT furetieri, romelic
Tavis personaJebs arqmevs _ Javotis, nikodemas, belastris,
rac niSnavs (gverds ver avuvliT erTgvar naxevrad burJu-
aziul da naxevrad klasikur kods) imas, rom yuradReba miv-
marToT saxelis struqturuli funqciisken, ganvacxadoT
misi TviTneburoba, movaxdinoT misi depersonalizacia, va-
RiaroT saxelebis moneta (igulisxmeba gacvliTi erTeuli),
rogorc wmindad instituciuri funqcia. sarazinis, roSfi-
dis, lantis, zambinelas (arafers vambob buSardonze, rome-
lic realurad arsebobda) msgavsi saxelebis moxmoba niSnavs
patronimuli substitutis pirovnuli TvisebebiT (samoqa-
laqo, erovnuli, socialuri) Sevsebas da saxeli-monetisTvis
namdvili oqros msgavsi damajereblobis miniWebas (da ara
SemTxveviTobis amara mis datovebas). amitomac, romanis wina-
aRmeg amboxic da misi morCilebac sakuTari saxeliT iwyeba:
rac ar unda dazustebuli iyos _ Tundac gamowvlilviT _
prustiseuli mTxrobelis socialuri mdgomareoba, misTvis
saxelis darqmevisgan Tavis Sekavebas realisturi iluziis
seriozul deflaciamde mivyavarT: prustiseuli me TavisTa-
vad ukve aRaraa saxeli (romanebis nacvalsaxelisgan gansxva-
vebiT, romelic bunebiT substanciuria. ix. XXVIII), vinaidan
is gamofitulia, masze moqmedebs damangreveli asakobrivi
procesi, amovardnilia biografiuli droidan. Tanamedrove
romanSi TandaTan ufro da ufro sustdeba ara romaniseuli
sawyisi, aramed _ personaJi, masSi sakuTari saxelis Cawera
sul ufro SeuZlebeli xdeba.
(163) Tu sadme xis naWers moiparavda, misgan romelime
wmindanis figuras kveTda; Tu xes, qvas an fanqars ver ipovida,
Tavis Canafiqrs puris guliT axorcielebda. * SEM. mowode-
ba (moqandake). puris gulis mozela ganasaxierebs im moments,
rodesac sarazini zels Tixas, raTa zambinelas sxeulis asli
106
gaakeTos da mas ormagi Rirebuleba aqvs: informaciuli (sa-
razinis gansazRvreba dafuZnebulia imaze, rom `xelovnebis~
Janri `moqandakis~ saxeobiTaa SezRuduli) da simboluri
(aRwerili moqmedeba miuTiTebs onanizms, riTac martoxela
mayurebeli taxtis scenaSi kavdeba. ix. N 367).
(164) roca samlocvelos kedelze gamosaxul wmindanTa sa-
xeebs gadmoxatavda an Tavad akeTebda improvizacias, yovel-
Tvis da yvelgan uxeS monaxazebs tovebda, romelTa amoralu-
ri xasiaTi imeds ukargavda axalgazrda berebsa da, rogorc
boroti enebi ambobdnen, Rimils hgvrida moxuc iezuitebs.
* SEM. moraluroba (comis zela aris erotikuli moqmedeba).
** REF. asakis fsiqologia (axalgazrdebi arian puritanulni,
moxucebi _ Semrigeblurni).
(165)bolos, Tu kolejis qronikas davujerebT, is saswav-
leblidan gamoagdes, * ACT. `pansioni~: 2: gamogdebuli.
(166) radgan erTxel, vnebis paraskevs, roca aRsarebis sa-
Tqmelad Tavis rigs elodeboda, SeSis naWrisgan qriste gamo-
kveTa, romelzec iseTi saSineli urwmunoeba iyo gamosaxuli,
rom misi Semqmneli udavod mZime sasjels imsaxurebda. esec
ar ikmara, eyo kadniereba da es sakmaod cinikuri figura sa-
kurTxevelSi Seitana. * SEM. mowodeba (moqandake). ** SEM.
urwmunoeba (transgresia akavSirebs religiasa da erotikas.
Sdr. №# 162).
(167) sarazini Seecada, parizSi epova TavSesafari, ACT.
`kariera~: 1: parizSi wasvla.
(168) raTa mamis wyevlas gaqceoda. * SYM. mama da Svili: an-
titeza: B: dawyevlili Svili.
(169) Zlieri nebelobis mqone moqandake, romlisTvisac da-
brkolebebi ucxo iyo, Tavisi niWis midrekilebas daemorCila
da buSardonis saxelosnoSi mivida. * SEM. sijiute (sarazins
amave sijiutiT uyvars zambinela da amave sijiutiT ityuebs
Tavs mis sqesTan dakavSirebiT: misi sijiute sxva araferia,
Tu ara is, rom Tavisi warmosaxva daicvas). ** ACT. `kariera~: 2:
didi xelovanis mowafe.
(170) mTeli dRe muSaobda da saRamoobiT mowyalebas
iTxovda, rom earseba. * REF. stereotipi: Raribi, magram mama-
ci xelovani (romelic dRe arsebobisTvis ibrZvis, Rame qmnis,
an piriqiT, rogorc aq).
107
(171) axalgazrda xelovanis winsvliTa da niWierebiT aR-
frTovanebuli buSardoni * SEM. niWi (niWiereba gvirgvins
adgams xelovanis mowodebas. Sdr. №# 173).
(172) male mixvda mowafis gasaWirs, keTilganwyobiT ga-
nimsWvala mis mimarT da SviliviT eqceoda. * buSardoni ver
ucvlis mamas sarazins, magram dedis adgils ikavebs, romlis
aryofnamac (#№153) bavSvis gzas acdena, TavaSvebuloba, mo-
uwesrigebloba ganapiroba. buSardons dedisaviT SeeZlo
gamoecno misi fiqrebi, daecva igi, daxmareboda (SEM. deda da
Svili).
(173) Semdeg, rodesac sarazinis genia warmoCnda * SEM. sa-
razinisGgeniis warmoCena samgzis aucilebelia (`sarwmuno~):
kulturuli (romantikuli) kodis mixedviT, sarazini iseTi
gamorCeulobis niSniT aris aRbeWdili, romelic normebs
scdeba; dramatuli kodis mixedviT, is acxadebs bedis da-
cinvas da didi xelovanis sikvdils kastratis cxovrebaze
`cvlis~, e.i. yvelafers _ araferze; naratiuli kodis mixed-
viT, is adasturebs srulyofilebas, romlis anabeWdia zam-
binelas qandakeba _ adonisSi gadatanili Jinis wyaro.
(174) im namuSevrebiT, romlebSic momavali talanti axal-
gazrdul gznebas ebrZvis, * REF. asakis kodi da xelovnebis
kodi (talanti, rogorc disciplina, axalgazrdoba, rogorc
gzneba).
XLII. klasobrivi kodebi
ratom unda aRvadginoT kulturuli kodi, Tuki is mxo-

lod da mxolod perspeqtivizms (pusenis mixedviT) emorCi-
leba? amasTan, gansazRvruli epoqis kodebis gamomxatveli
kodebis sivrce erTgvari samecniero vulgataa, romelic
odesme unda aRiweros. ra viciT àrsebiTad~ xelovnebis Sesa-
xeb? _ es aris `nebayofilobiTi morCileba~; ra aris axalgaz-
rdoba? _ es aris `daudgromloba~ da a.S. Tu Tavs movuyriT
yvela am codnas, yvela am vulgarizms, urCxuls miviRebT da
es urCxuli iqneba ideologia. kulturuli kodi, rogorc
ideologiis fragmenti, Tavis klasobriv (saskolo da so-
cialur) warmomavlobas erTgvar bunebriv referenciad, an-
dazuri tipis konstataciad gardaqmnis. didaqtikuri da po-
108
litikuri enis msgavsad, romlebic sakuTari gamonaTqvamebis
ganmeorebadobas (TavianT stereotipul arss) ver acnobi-
ereben, kulturuli andaza gulzidvas iwvevs da kiTxvis sur-
vils aqrobs. balzakiseuli teqsti mTlianad amgvari kodebi-
Taa dabinZurebuli: swored am kulturuli kodis wyalobiT,
is lpeba, myaydeba, modidan gadadis, sakuTar Tavs TviTonve
aZevebs weridan, rogorc saqmianobidan (rac yovelTvis `Ta-
namedrove~ samuSaoa): es teqsti kvintesenciaa, imis narCenia,
risi gadawerac SeuZlebelia. stereotipis am amazrzenobis
gabaTileba gaWirvebiT SeiZleba Tavidan iqnes aridebuli
ironiiT, vinaidan, rogorc ukve vnaxeT (XXI), ironias SeuZlia
mxolod axali kodi (axali stereotipi) daamatos kodebsa da
im stereotipebs, romelTa gandevnasac eswrafvis. stereo-
tipebiT gamowveuli Tavbrusxvevis (es Tavbrusxveva, aseve,
ùgunurebaa~, `vulgarulobaa~) winaaRmdeg erTaderTi sa-
Sualeba masSi mTlianad, yovelgvari brWyalebis gareSe Se-
svla da teqstis da ara misi parodiis Seqmnis mcdelobaa. es
gaakeTa floberma buvarsa da pekiuSeSi, sadac ori gadamwe-
ri (romlebic, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, ugunurebi arian) sxvebis
kodebis gadaweriT arian dakavebulni. magram isini garSemo
arsebul klasobriv sibriyves awydebian, amitomac floberis
teqstSi warmoiSoba wriuli moqmedeba, sadac aravinaa (Tavad
avtoric ki) sxvasTan SedarebiT privilegirebul mgomare-
obaSi; aseTive funqcia aqvs weras: man unda gamoaCinos sasaci-
lo, gaauqmos erTi enis Zalaufleba (daSineba) meoreze, daSa-
los gaWirvebiT Camoyalibebuli yvela metaena.
(175) didsulovani buSardoni Seecada igi mamasTan See-
rigebina, raTa mSoblis mfarveloba daebrunebina. cnobili
moqandakis avtoritetis wyalobiT, sarazinis mamam mrisxane-
ba mowyalebiT Secvala. mTeli bezansoni amayobda imiT, rom
momavali didi pirovneba maT mxareSi daibada. pirveli aRfr-
Tovanebis fonze xelmomWirne mamis Tavmoyvareoba srulad
dakmayofilda da igi cdilobda, SvilisTvis materialuri
Semweoba gaewia, raTa mas Tavaweuls evlo sazogadoebaSi. *
Cven ukve vnaxeT paradigma: kurTxeuli/wyeuli. SeiZleba mo-
gveCvenos, rom aq me-3 elementic Cndeba: Serigeba. Tumca es
dialeqtikuri termini miuRebelia, vinaidan mas Rirebule-
109
ba mxolod siuJetur doneze aqvs da ara simbolurze, sadac
wyevla (mokveTa) zedroulia. es Serigeba mniSvnelovania mxo-
lod imitom, rom igi buSardonis wyalobiT xorcieldeba da
es roli ganamtkicebs mis dedobriv bunebas. mas dedasaviT
SeuZlia mamasa da Svils Soris konfliqtis CaxSoba (aseve,
male vnaxavT, rom buSardoni dedasaviT ifaravs sarazins se-
qsualurobisgan) (SYM. Ddeda da Svili).
(176) xangrZlivma da bejiTma swavlam, romelsac qandakeba
moiTxovs (...), * REF. xelovnebis kodi (moqandakis mZime Segir-
dobis periodi). moqandake, upirvelesad, materias eWideba,
fermwerisgan gansxvavebiT, misTvis asaxva meoreulia. gamo-
qandakeba demiurguli xelovnebaa, gamokveTis da ara dafar-
vis xelovneba; es aris xelismieri xelovneba, romelic mate-
riis damorCilebazea agebuli.
(177) droTa ganmavlobaSi sarazinis ficxi xasiaTi da ve-
luri suli daacxro. buSardoni winaswar Wvretda, Tu ra
Zlieri vnebebi SeiZleboda afeTqebuliyo am axalgazrda
sulSi,* SEM. gadaWarbeba (ukiduresoba, sazRvars gadasvla).
(178) romelic SesaZlebelia iseve mZlavrad iyo nawrTo-
bi, rogorc miqelanjelos suli. * REF. xelovnebis istoria.
didi xelovnebis fsiqologiuri tipologia (Tu sarazini
musikosi iqneboda da balzaki 50 wlis Semdeg daibadeboda,
sarazini beThovens Seedareboda, literaturaSi ki _ Tavad
balzaks da a.S.).
(179) amitom cdilobda, misi energia uwyveti muSaobiT
CaexSo. man Tavisi dauokebeli mowafe CarCoebSi moaqcia; mu-
Saobas ukrZalavda da garTobisken mouwodebda maSin, roca
xedavda, rom sarazins fiqris grigali gaitacebda; sapasuxi-
smgeblo samuSaos ki im wuTebSi avalebda, roca igi TavaSve-
bulobisTvis emzadeboda. * SEM. gadaWarbeba. ** buSardoni
Tvalyurs adevnebs sarazinis samuSaos burJua-dedasaviT,
romelsac SvilisTvis inJinroba surs (amasTan, rogorc yve-
la deda-burJua, mis seqsualur cxovrebasac akontrolebs
(SYM. deda da Svili).
(180) Tumca am ficx pirovnebaze yvelaze ufro efeqtu-
rad alersma imoqmeda; maswavlebelma Tavis mowafeze gavle-
nis moxdena da masSi madlierebis grZnobis gaRviZeba mSob-
110
liuri keTilganwyobiT moaxerxa. * alersi _ dedis iaraRia:
simbolurad, gana alersian mamas ar SeuZlia deda Caanacva-
los (SYM. deda da Svili)? ** REF. gnomikuri kodi (moferebiT
ufro mets gaakeTeb, vidre lanZRviT).
XLIII. stilisturi transformacia

kulturuli kodis gancxadebebi impliciturad andaze-
bia: isini dawerilia im movaleobiTi toniT, romlis daxma-
rebiTac diskursi sayovelTao nebas gamoxatavs, sazogado-
ebis moTxovnebs ayalibebs da Tavis mtkicebulebebs garda-
uvalobisa da waruxocelobis bunebas aniWebs. ufro metic:
imis gamo, rom zogierTi gamoTqma SeiZleba andazad, maqsi-
mad an postulatad gardaiqmnas, kulturuli kodi, romel-
sac is efuZneba, mJRavndeba: stilisturi transformacia am
kods àmowmebs~, mis struqturas aSiSvlebs da ideologiur
perspeqtivas avlens. is, rac advilia andazisaTvis (romlis
arqauli sintaqsuri forma Zalian specifikuria), gacilebiT
naklebad SesaZlebelia diskursis sxva formebisTvis, vinai-
dan frazis modeli, magaliTi, paradigma, romelic TiToeul
am kodTagans gamoxatavs, (jer kidev) ar aris gamoyofili.
Tumca, SegviZlia warmovidginoT, rom stilistika, romelic
aqamde mxolod normidan gadaxrebis, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
verbaluri individualobis, avtoriseuli idioleqtebis Se-
swavliT iyo dakavebuli, Zireulad Secvlis Tavis sagans da,
ZiriTadad, frazebis modelebis, klauzulebis, kadenciebis,
ZiriTadi niSnebisa da sirRmiseuli struqturebis gamoyo-
fasa da klasificirebas Seudgeba. erTi sityviT, stilistika
odesme transformaciuli gaxdeba; amasTan, is ukve aRar iq-
neba literaturuli analizis _ litmcodneobis meorexari-
sxovani mxare (romelic ramdenime individualuri _ sinta-
qsuri da leqsikuri _ mudmivebis analizamde daiyvaneba) _
da rogorc ki daZlevs Sinaarsisa da formis dapirispirebas,
ideologiis sistematizaciis instrumentad iqceva, vinaidan,
Tuki aseTi modelebi gamomJRavndeba, nebismier dros mogve-
cema teqstidan TiToeuli kodis gamovlenis SesaZlebloba.
(181) ocdaori wlis asakSi sarazinma Tavi daaRwia im sasi-
keTo zegavlenas, romelsac buSardoni mis zne-Cveulebebsa
111
da cnobierebaze axdenda. * REF. qronologia (sarazini 22 wlis
asakSi midis italiaSi) ** ACT. `kariera~: 3: maswavleblis da-
toveba. *** `TavaSvebuli~ sarazini, masze buSardonis `keTi-
li gavlena~. sabolood buSardoni am yvelafers xelovnebis
saxeliT akeTebda, magram misi damokidebuleba umTavresad
mainc moralurisken iyo mimarTuli: Zis seqsualoba dacu-
lia, dafarulia, gauqmebulia dedis mier. seqsualuri cxo-
vrebisgan gaucxoeba aphenisis-s, kastracias gamoxatavs, rom-
lis msxverpli sarazini manam gaxda, sanam zambinelas Sexvde-
boda: garkveul periodSi kastrati TiTqos Tavs Sors iWers
misgan (aqedan modis sarazinis `pirveli~ siamovneba Teat-
rSi), raTa Semdeg samudamod CaiTrios kastraciis morevSi
(`Senamde damamdable~, #№525); maSasadame, zambinela sarazins
Tavisive Tavdapirveli arsis SecnobaSi daexmareba (SYM.
aphanisis).
(182) misi genia aRiares da Sesrulebuli naSromebisTvis
gadasces jildo, * ACT. kariera: 4: jildos miReba.
(183) romelic madam de pompaduris Zmam, xelovnebis moama-
ge markiz de marinim daawesa.* REF. istoria (madam de pompaduri).
(184) didrom buSardonis mowafis qandakebas Sedevri uwo-
da. * ACT. `kariera~: 5: didi kritikosis aRiareba. ** REF. li-
teraturis istoria (didro _ xelovnebis kritikosi).
XLIV. istoriuli personaJi

prusti wignSi germantebTan wers: `Tuki balzakis saxel-
Ta leqsikons Tvals mivadevnebT, davinaxavT, rom avtori yu-
radRebas gamoCenil istoriul pirebze mxolod imis mixed-
viT amaxvilebs, Tu ra mimarTeba aqvT maT adamianur komedi-
asTan, amitomac napoleons ufro mokrZalebuli adgili uWi-
ravs, vidre rastiniaks da mxolod imitom, rom is de sen-sinis
qaliSvilebTan saubrobda~. swored es naklebad mniSvnelo-
vani adgili aniWebs istoriul personaJs damajereblobas.
didro, madam de pompaduri, Semdeg sofi arnu, ruso, holbaxi
_ mxatvrul teqstSi iribad arian CarTulni da gakvriT mo-
ixseniebian, rogorc figurebi, romlebic dekoracias qmnian
da wina planze ar Canan. vinaidan, Tuki istoriuli persona-
Ji Tavis realur mniSvnelobas SeiZens, diskursi iZulebuli
112
gaxdeba, uzrunvelyos iseTi garemoeba, romelSic, raoden
paradoqsulic ar unda iyos, aseT personaJs yovelTvis Camo-
ecleba realuri Tvisebebi (magaliTad, sasacilod aradamaje-
rebeli personaJia balzakiseuli ekaterine mediCi, aleq-
sandre diumas romanebisa Tu saSa gitris piesebis gmirebi);
sakmarisia xma amoiRon, rom maSinve vlindeba maTi siyalbe;
da piriqiT, rodesac isini gamogonil personaJebs _ TavianT
mezoblebs Seerevian, rodesac maTi saxelebi TiTqos raRac
maRali wris wveulebaze gamoCndeba, maTi ubraloeba, rabis
msgavsad (romelic awonasworebs or dones), erTmaneTTan
aTanxmebs romansa da istorias. isini ise iWrebian romanSi,
rogorc sakuTar ojaxSi; da rogorc cnobili da, amave dros,
cota ar iyos, sasacilo winaprebi, romans realobas sZenen,
magram ara didebas: aseTia umaRlesi xarisxiT gamoxatuli
realobis efeqti.
(185) daRonebulma moxucma moqandakem Wabuki italiaSi
gauSva, * ACT. `kariera~: 6: italiaSi wasvla. ** buSardonis wu-
xili da SiSi dedis grZnobis msgavsia, romelic Svilis ubiwo-
bas icavs, radgan is moulodnelad gamoiZaxes samxedro sam-
saxurSi da gagzavnes qveyanaSi, sadac vnebaTa duRilia (SYM.
seqsualobisgan dacva).
(186) romelic aqamde, Tavisi mrwamsidan gamomdinare, yo-
velgvari amqveyniuri saqmisagan Sors idga. * sulgrZel-
ma, magram despotma dedam (gadaWarbebuli sulgrZelobiT),
Svils àmqveyniur saqmeebSi~ iniciativis gamoCenis neba Camo-
arTva da mxolod damqancveli SromisTvis gawira (mas iSvi-
aTad aZlevda SesaZleblobas, rom sazogadoebaSi etriala).
buSardonma sarazins qalwuloba miusaja da mis mimarT kas-
tratoris roli Seasrula. (# SYM) seqsualobisgan dacva.
(187) sarazini 6 weli iyo buSardonis Tanamesufre. * REF.
qronologia (sarazini buSardonis mowafe 16 wlis asakSi gaxda).
(188) mas Tavisi saqme kanovasaviT uyvarda. mTeli am drois
ganmavlobaSi igi ganTiadisas dgeboda, raTa saxelosnoSi wa-
suliyo, ukan ki RamiT brundeboda * SEM. gadaWarbeba ** REF.
xelovnebis istoria (kanova).
(189) da mxolod Tavis muzasTan erTad cxovrobda. * SYM.
seqsualobisgan dacva ** SYM. pigmalioni. ormagi (da wina-
113
aRmdegobrivi) konotacia: sarazini arasodes yofila qal-
Tan, aphanisis-is mdgomareobaSia (dakarguli aqvs seqsualoba);
sarazins, pigmalionis msgavsad, Tavisi qandakebebis gverdiT
sZinavs, mTeli misi erotizmi xelovnebaSia Caqsovili.
(190) Teatr `komedi franseSi~ mxolod Tavisi maswavle-
blis TanxlebiT Tu wavidoda, magram ise uxerxulad grZ-
nobda Tavs q-ni Jofrenis gverdiT da im did samyaroSi, ro-
melSic buSardoni mis CarTvas cdilobda, rom am epoqisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel Tavqarian siamovnebas ganmartoeba erCivna. *
REF. istoriuli kodi. ludoviko XV-is periodi. ** SYM. seq-
sualobisgan dacva.
(191) mas mxolod qandakeba uyvarda * MmaRalfardovneba.
(Sdr. #№189): SYM. seqsualobisgan dacva. SYM. pigmalioni.
(192) da operis varskvlavi klotilda. * ACT. `sasiyvaru-
lo kavSiri~: 1: kavSiris arseboba.
(193) magram es sasiyvarulo kavSiri didxans ar gagrZe-
lebula.* ACT. `sasiyvarulo kavSiri~: kavSiris dasasrulis
gamocxadeba. anonsi diskursis imanenturia da ara istori-
isa (ara TviT kavSirisa); sxva SemTxvevaSi moxmobili iqnebo-
da faqtebi, romlebic kavSiris gawyvetaze migviTiTebdnen:
amgvarad, es aris ritorikuli anonsi. droebiTi kavSiri am
urTierTobis (rasac moaswavebs gamoTqma _ magram es sasiyva-
rulo kavSiri...) umniSvnelobis konotaciis matarebelia: sa-
razinis seqsualuri Caketiloba grZeldeba.
(194) sarazini sakmaod Seuxedavi, yovelTvis cudad Cac-
muli da Tavisi bunebiT imdenad Tavisufali iyo, rom pirad
cxovrebaSi araviTar SezRudvas ar aRiarebda.* romantiku-
li TvalTaxedviT (anu romantikuli kodis TvalsazrisiT),
simaxinje genialobis konotaciad gvevlineba, rac gacxade-
bulia gansakuTrebulobis niSniT (SEM. genia). silamazisgan
gansxvavebiT, simaxinje araviTar models ar gulisxmobs, ar
aqvs metonimiuri safuZveli da araferze miuTiTebs (ar gvag-
zavnis avtoritetTan) garda sityvisa _ simaxinje, rac mas
niSans adebs.
(195) cnobilma momReralma, mosalodneli gansacdelis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT, moqandake umal Tavis sayvarel xe-
lovnebas daubruna. * ACT. `kavSiri~: 3: kavSiris dasasruli.
114
XLV. gaufasureba
sasiyvarulo urTierTobaSi Cabma/misi dasasrulis gac-
xadeba/dasasruli: kavSiris dakargva sasacilod xanmokle
sasiyvarulo Tavgadasavals niSnavs (maSin, roca Cveulebrivi
sasiyvarulo kavSiri romanSi aTasobiT siuJetur gadaxve-
vas da CarTul epizods gvTavazobs). arsebiTad, nebismier
proairetizms, Tavisive struqturis wyalobiT (struqtura,
romelic kargad vlindeba Txrobis Tanmimdevrulobis ubra-
loebaSi, romelsac `kavSiri~ vuwodeT), enis gaufasurebamde
mivyavarT (rogorc cnobilia, `saqme~ sjobs `laparaks~): Ta-
vis proairetul arsamde dayvanili operatiuloba sim-bo-
lurobis dacinvas iwyebs da misgan Tavis daRwevas cdilobs.
gamonaTqvamebs Soris kavSiris ararseboba, romelic qmede-
bebs aRwers, adamianis qcevebis trivializebamde midis, sti-
mulebsa da reaqciebamde dadis, seqsualobas meqanikurad
gardaqmnis da auqmebs mas. maSasadame, sarazinis da klotil-
das kavSiri _ mxolod epizoduri formiT gamoxatuli am ka-
vSiriT _ warmoaCens, rom moqandake seqsisgan Sorsaa: ele-
mentarul Semadgenlebamde dayvanili proairetizmi danebis
nakrebs emsgavseba (ukavSirobis danebs, romlebic frazas
kveTen), riTac kastraciis instrumentad iqceva, romlis sa-
SualebiTac diskursi sarazinamde midis.
(196) am ambis gamo sofi arnum moswrebulad ixumra. Tu ar
vcdebi, is gaocebuli iyo imiT, rom misi megobrisadmi sara-
zinis interesma qandakeba gadawona. * REF. istoriuli kodi:
ludoviko XV-is saukune (TavaSvebuli da gonebamaxvili). **
SYM. seqsisgan siSore. *** SYM. pigmalioni.
(197) 1758 wels sarazini italiaSi wavida * ACT. `mogza-
uroba~: 1: wasvla (italiaSi). ** REF. qronologia (maSasadame,
1758 wels sarazini 22 wlisaa. Sdr. #№181).
(198) am mogzaurobis dros misi mgznebare warmosaxva ita-
liis spilenZisferi cis qveS gaRvivda da xelovnebis samSob-
loSi mofenil gasaocar monumentebTan Sexebam mis arsebaSi
Cauqrobeli cecxli aagizgiza. Aaxalgazrda xelovani qanda-
kebebiT, freskebiT, naxatebiT tkbeboda. * ACT `mgzavroba~:
2: mogzauroba (TxrobiTi Tanmimdevrulobis Semadgeneli es
wevri usasrulo katalizacias ganicdis). ** REF. xelovneba
da turizmi (italia, xelovnebis samSoblo da a.S.).
115
(199) romSi Casvlisas, * ACT. `mgzavroba~: 3: Casvla.
(200) SejibrebisTvis ukve mzad iyo da surda, Tavisi sa-
xeli miqelanjelosa da buSardonis saxelebs Soris Caewera.
pirvel xanebSi Tavis dros saxelosnoSi muSaobasa da im xe-
lovnebis nimuSebis yuradRebiT Seswavlas Soris anawilebda,
romlebic ase mravladaa romSi. * ACT. `mgzavroba~: 4: darCena.
** REF. xelovnebis istoria.
XLVI. sisrule
wasvla/mogzauroba/Casvla/darCena: mogzauroba moma-

bezrebelia. dasruleba, avseba, Sejameba, gaerTianeba _ qmnis
STabeWdilebas, rom sakiTxavi teqsti Sepyrobilia akviate-
buli SiSiT da es aris romeliRac SemaerTebeli rgolis xe-
lidan gaSvebis SiSi. swored daviwyebis SiSi badebs siuJe-
turi qmedebebis xilul logikas: elementebi ise ganTavs-
deba (SeiTxzveba), rom maTi erTmaneTTan kavSiri gaZlierdes,
erTmaneTs sarCulad daedon da am gziT Seqmnan uwyvetobis
iluzia. es sisrule Sobs naxats, romelic mis `gamoxatvas~
isaxavs miznad da, Sesabamisad, feris damatebas, gaferade-
bas iTxovs: SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sakiTxvi teqsti sicarielis
SiSiTaa Sepyrobili. marTlac, raRa iqneba mogzaurobis Sesa-
xeb Txroba, Tuki ityvian, rom mogzauri arsad Casula, rom is
mogzaurobs da arsad midis, an wavida, magram arafers amboben
imis Sesaxeb, miaRwia Tu ara daniSnulebis adgilamde. amgva-
ri Txroba skandalis tolfasia: sakiTxvi teqsti dacariel-
deba, sisxlisgan daicleba.
(201) romSi ori kvira eqstazur mdgomareobaSi gaatara,
msgavsad nebismieri mgrZnobiare axalgazrdisa, romelmac es
nangrevebadqceuli qalaqi-dedofali ixila. ** qronologia
(es SeniSvna _ 15 dRe _ retrospeqtulad daukavSirdeba im
faqts, rom moqandakem ar flobs italiur enas da arc ro-
maul wes-Cveulebebs icnobs. es arcodna siuJetis ganviTa-
rebisTvis arsebiTi detalia, radgan swored amasTan aris da-
kavSirebuli is tyuili, romlis wiaRSic sarazini cxovrobs.
man Tavad Seqmna amgvari garemo, rodesac zambinelas sqesTan
dakavSirebiT Tavi moityua.
116
(202) erT saRamos Teatr àrjentinas~ estumra, * ACT. `Te-
atri~: 1: Sesvla (nagebobaSi).
(203) romlis winac xalxis teva aRar iyo. * ACT. `kiTxva~ (is
maT gahyveba): 1: asaxsneli faqti.
(204) man SekrebilTa simravlis mizezi ikiTxa.* ACT. `kiTx-
va~: 2: gamokiTxva.
(205) adamianebi ori sityviT pasuxobdnen: zambinela! iome-
li! * ACT. `kiTxva~: 3: pasuxis miReba. ** winamaval proairetiz-
ms (`kiTxva~) yovlismomcveli konotaciis mniSvneloba aqvs.
is gvamcnobs, rom zambinela cnobili adamiania; es aRsaniSni
ukve dafiqsirda moxucTan, ukavSirdeba de lantis ojaxis
internacionalur bunebasac da maTi simdidris warmomav-
lobasac (SEM. cnobili adamiani). ** vin aris zambinela an ra
sqesisaa igi? aseTia teqstis me-6 gamocana: is aq Tematize-
bulia, vinaidan misi sagani aq emfatikuradaa warmodgenili
(HER. gamocana 6: Tematizacia).
XLVII. S/Z
SarraSine: franguli onomastikis Tanaxmad, forma Sarra-

Zine ufro mosalodneli iyo, magram pirovnebis patronimSi
gadasvlisas Z sadRac daikarga. Z aris aso, romelic sisas-
tikesTan asocirdeba: fonetikuri TvalsazrisiT, is dasas-
jeli Soltis moqnevisas gagonil xmas an eriniebis magvari
mwerebis bzuils mogvagonebs; grafikuli TvalsazrisiT,
TeTr furcelze, xelukuRma gadagdebuli da anbanis da-
narCeni, mrglovani asoebis garemocvaSi aRmoCenili es aso,
mrude, danaSaulebrivi danis piris msgavsad, Wris, fatvris,
dazigzagebis asociacias aRZravs. balzakis TvalTaxedviT,
Z (rac balzakis gvarSic gvxvdeba) normidan gadaxraze mi-
aniSnebs (ix. novela `Z. Marcas~); dabolos, Cvens SemTxveva-
Sic, es aso zambinelas sawyisi asocaa, kastraciis inicialia,
vinaidan orTografiuli Secdomis gamo pirdapir sarazinis
saxelis SuaSi, misi sxeulis centrSi xvdeba. sarazini iRebs
zambinelaseul Z-s, rac mis WeSmarit bunebas Seesabameba da
rac mxolod da mxolod Wriloba da naklovanebaa. metic,
grafikulad S da Z erTmaneTTan inversiul mimarTebaSi ari-
117
an. Z igive S-ia, oRond sarkis sxva mxridan danaxuli. sarazini
zambinelaSi sakuTar kastracias Wvrets. amitomaa, rom gam-
yofi xazi (/), romelic apirispirebs sarazinis S-s da zambine-
las Z-s da panikur funqcias asrulebs _ cenzuris zRvaria,
gamWvirvale barieria, sarkiseburi zedapiri, halucinaciis
kedeli, antiTezis basri piri, sazRvris abstraqcia, aRmniS-
vnelis gamrudeba, paradigmisa da, maSasadame, mniSvnelobis
miTiTebaa.
XLVIII. araformulirebuli gamocana

zambinela SeiZleba iyos bambinela _ Cvili an gambinela
_ patara dana, patara falosi: gansxvavebas aq iZleva mxolod
Z-is normidan gadaxrebi. artiklis gareSe gamoyenebuli saxeli
(imisagan gansxvavebiT, rac Semdeg teqstSi moxdeba, sadac
diskursi ityvis: la Zambinella), brbos mier aRtacebiT amoZa-
xili ubralo substantivi, jer kidev ar moqceula biolo-
giuri sqesis xafangSi. male saWiro gaxdeba gadawyvetilebis
miReba: moityuos Tu ara, Zambinella Tqvas Tu la Zambinella; jer
ar arsebobs tyuili, arc kiTxva gaCenila; mxolod garkveul
subieqtze miTiTeba gvxvdeba, romelic jer kidev gamocanis
Cafiqrebamde an Camoyalibebamde gamoiyofa. kacma rom Tqvas,
is arc arasdros Camoyalibdeba; vinaidan ama Tu im pirovne-
bis sqesTan dakavSirebiT sakiTxis wamoWra an saidumloze
raime miniSneba, ukve winaswari pasuxis miRebas niSnavs: sqesis
miTiTeba yovelgvar kiTxvas maSinve xsnis. amitomacaa, rom
gamocanis amoxsnamde tyuilebi da ekivokebi mudam iqneba. am
dros ki es gamocana ukve asparezze Cndeba, radgan subieqtis
miTiTeba, Tematizeba, gamoyofa, zambinelas saxelTan Zaxi-
lis niSnis dasma, predikatis, SesaZlebeli damatebis Sesaxeb
kiTxvis dasmas gulisxmobs. hermenevtikuli struqtura
ukve mTlianad frazisa da siuJetis predikatul rgolSia
CarTuli; subieqtis (Zambinela!) Sesaxeb saubari WeSmarite-
bis gacxadebas niSnavs; zambinelas msgavsad, yvela subieqti
cnobilia, amitom erTmaneTSi irevian Teatraluri, hermenev-
tikuli da logikuri subieqtebi.
(206) sarazini TeatrSi Sevida * ACT `Teatri~: 2: darbazSi
Semosvla.
118
(207) da parterSi dajda, * ACT. `Teatri~: 3: dajdoma.
(208) or sakmaod msuqan abats Soris CaWeWyili: * ACT. `si-
viwrove~: 1: viwrod iyo, mouxerxeblad ijda (proairetizmi
_ Seviwroveba/amis arSemCneva _ konotiaciurad zambinela-
Ti datyvevebuli sarazinis ugrZnoblobas miuTiTebs). * REF.
italiuroba (aq abatebi arian ara RvTismsaxurebi, aramed ad-
gilobrivi koloritebi).
(209) Tumca, gaumarTla, scenasTan axlos moxvda. * scena-
sTan axlos, sasurveli adamianis siaxloves jdoma (moulod-
nelad) mTeli rigi fantastikuri emociebis aRZvras emsaxu-
reba, rasac sarazini ganmartoebaSi siamovnebisken mihyavs
(ACT. `siamovneba~: 1: sasurvel adamianTan siaxlove).
(210) farda aiwia. * ACT `Teatri~: 4: fardis aweva.
(211) cxovrebaSi pirvelad mousmina musikas, * ACT. `Te-
atri~: 5: uvertiuris mosmena. ** male SevityobT (#№213, 214,
215-Si), rom musikam sarazinze wmindad erotikuli gavlena
moaxdina: eqstazSi CaZira, simZime Seumsubuqa, is seqsualu-
ri TavSekaveba mouxsna, romelSic aqamde cxovrobda. sara-
zinis seqsualuri Caketiloba pirvelad aq irRveva. pirveli
(grZnobieri) siamovneba iniciaciasaviTaa. is safuZvels qmnis
mogonebebisTvis, ganmeorebisTvis, ritualisTvis, e.i. yvela-
feri danarCeni imisTvis xdeba, rom gmirma es pirveli emocia
xelaxla ganicados (SYM. afanisisi. pirveli siamovneba).
(212) romliT mogvril siamezec, baron vorbaxTan gamar-
Tul saRamoze, mWevrmetyvelurad saubrobda Jan-Jak ruso. *
REF. istoriuli kodi. ludoviko XV-is xana (ruso, enciklope-
distebi, salonebi).
(213) iomelis RvTaebrivma harmoniam axalgazrda moqan-
dakeze udidesi STabeWdileba moaxdina, misi grZnobebi ga-
ayuCa. erTmaneTTan ostaturad Sexamebuli italiuri xmebis
am Taviseburma sinazem eniTauwereli netareba mohgvara. *
zambinela jer kidev ar gamoCenila, magram struqturuli
TvalsazrisiT, TxrobaSi sarazinis vneba ukve gamoCnda, ganc-
dili eqstazi cdunebis dasawyisad iqca; sarazinis gatacebas
vnebis afeTqebamde win xorcieli TavSekavebis xangrZlivi pe-
riodi uZRoda (ACT. `cduneba~: 1: eqstazi). ** REF. italiuri
musika.*** aqamde sarazins seqsisgan Sors eWira Tavi; ai, ami-
tomac, am saRamos pirvelad Seicno man siamovneba da ubiwoba
dakarga (SYM. iniciacia).
119
XLIX. xma
italiuri musika, istoriuli, kulturuli, miTosuri
TvalsazrisiT (ruso, gliukistebi da piCCinistebi, stenda-
li da a.S.), sakmaod kargadaa gansazRvruli. es musika `grZno-
badi~ xelovnebis, xmis xelovnebis konotacias atarebs. ita-
liuri xma, romelic erotikuli substanciaa, erTgvarad
sapirispiro gziT (wmindad simboluri inversiis wyalobiT),
usqeso momRerlebis qmnilebad iqca. amgvar gardaqmnas Ta-
visi logika aqvs (ra arabunebrivi iqneboda es angelozis xma,
es nazi xma rom sxva sxeulidan amosuliyo _ eubneba sara-
zini zambinelas #№445 leqsiaSi) _ TiTqos SerCeviTi hiper-
trofiis gziT, seqsualurma daZabulobam datova sxeulis
sxva nawilebi da erT nawilSi _ xorxSi _ Seafara Tavi, Tan
gzad yvelaferi STanTqa, rac organizmSi plastikuri iyo.
amgvarad, kastraciuli sxeulidan amoTqmuli gaSmagebuli
erotikuli oxvra imave sxeulze iRvreba: cnobili kastrati
momRerlebi aplodismentebs isteriaSi myofi sazogadoebis-
gan iRebdnen, qalebs isini uyvardebodaT, maT suraTebs ata-
rebdnen _ `TiTo-TiTos orive xelSi, erTs kiserze, oqros
jaWvze dakidebuls, ors _ fexsacmlis balTebze mikruls~
(stendali). aq vlindeba am musikis erotikuli Tavisebureba
(rac mis vokalur bunebasTanaa dakavSirebuli): es aris misi
sisavse. xma saocrad plastikuria; yovelive organuli, yove-
live cocxali, erTi sityviT, saTesle siTxe _ sisavsis gan-
saxierebaa (italiuri musika `siamovnebiT aRavsebs~); simRera
(romelic esTetikuri Teoriebis umravlesobam uyuradRebod
datova) raRac sinesTeziurobiT gamoirCeva. is ara imdenad
`STabeWdilebebTanaa~ dakavSirebuli, ramdenadac farul,
kunTovan da humoralur sensualizmTan. xma aris gabneva, di-
fuzia, insinuacia, is mTeli sxeulidan, kanidan iRvreba da
sazRvrebis, klasobrivi sxvaobebis, saxelebs Soris bariere-
bis gadalaxva da damsxvreva SeuZlia (suli TiTqos yurebsa
da TvalebSi gadausaxlda. egona, rom xmas mTeli sxeuliT
isrutavda. #№215), mas gansakuTrebuli halucinaciuri Zala
aqvs. maSasadame, musika ufro sxva zemoqmedebas axdens, vi-
dre vizualuri saxeebi. sarazinis arsebaSi SeRwevisas Mmas Se-
uZlia orgazmi gamoiwvios (#№243); da roca sarazini cdilobs
120
SeeCvios (nebayoflobiT gaimeoros igi) im mZafr siamovnebas,
romelic man savarZelSi mjdomma ganicada, upirvelesad, sme-
nas Zabavs; es aris zambinelas xma, romelic sarazins uyvars
(#№277); es xma kastarciis uSualo nayofia, naklovanebis
kvalia. gavsebulis antonimi (romelic araerTxel gvxvde-
ba teqstSi) aris yovelive gawyvetili, gayofili, wripina,
Taviseburi, ucnauri, yvelaferi, rac siamovnebis srulyo-
fili mdinarebisgan amovardnilia, yvelaferi, rasac ar Se-
uZlia SeuerTdes frazirebas, rac faseulia swored Tavisi
orazrovnebiT, vinaidan is erTsa da imave dros lingvisturi
bunebis matarebelicaa da musikalurisac da Tanabari sisav-
siT aerTianebs mniSvnelobasa da seqss.
(214) damunjda, adgilidan veRar iZvroda, verc ki
grZnobda, rom or abats Soris imyofeboda. * ACT. `Seviwroeba~:
2: ugrZnobloba.
(215) suli TiTqos yurebsa da TvalebSi gadausaxlda. ego-
na, rom xmas mTeli sxeuliT isrutavda. * ACT. `moxibvla~: 2:
eqstraversia (sxeulidan sasurveli obieqtis Sesaxvedrad
`gamosvla~ halucinaciis wina etaps mogvagonebs: realobis
kedeli gadalaxulia).
(216) uecrad aplodismentebma iquxa da scenaze primado-
na gamoCnda. * ACT `Teatri~: 6: varskvlavis gamosvla. ** SEM.
varskvlavi (saxelganTqmuloba). *** HER. gamocana 6: sicru-
is Tematizacia (primadona).
(217) is keklucad gamovida avanscenaze da sazogadoebas
usazRvro madlierebiT miesalma. sinaTle, xalxis aRtaceba,
scenis iluzia, momxibvleli kostiumi, rac imxanad sakmaod
macdurad gamoiyureboda, aZlierebda STabeWdilebas, * ACT.
`Teatri~: 7: varskvlavis misalmeba. ** SEM. qaluroba. aq
diskursi ar cruobs: Tumca is laparakobs zambinelaze, ro-
gorc qalze, magram mis qalurobas moxdenili STabeWdile-
biT xsnis da Tan mizezsac miuTiTebs.
(218) romelic am qalma gamoiwvia. * samagierod, frazis
es dasasruli ukve tyuilia (diskurss rom ar ecrua, SeeZlo
eTqva _ artisti): fraza iwyeba WeSmaritebiT da mTavrde-
ba tyuiliT: saerTod, uwyveti modulaciebis ZaliT, fraza
erTmaneTSi urevs yovelgvar xmas da bundovans xdis mis war-
momavlobas (HER. gamocana: 6: tyuili).
121
(219) sarazins siamovnebis yvirili aRmoxda. * ACT. `moja-
doeba~: 3: Zlieri siamovneba.
(220) is aRfrTovnebuli iyo im idealuri silamaziT, ra-
sac bunebaSi amden xans eZebda, roca erTi, xSirad usaxuri mo-
delisgan, fexebis momxibvlel simrgvales iRebda, meorisgan
– mkerdis konturebs, mesamisgan _ axalgazrda qalis yelTan
SeerTebul TeTr mxrebs, viRac qaliSvilis xelebs, mozardis
gluv, priala muxlebs. * SYM. danawevrebuli da SeerTebuli
sxeuli.
L. SeerTebuli sxeuli
axalgazrda marianinas (vokaluri) srulqmnileba imis Se-
degia, rom misi sxeuli aerTianebda iseT Tvisebebs, romle-
bic cal-calke ekuTvnoda sxvadasxva momRerals (#№20). ase-
Tivea zambinela sarazinis TvaliT: sarazini (klotildas-
Tan umniSvnelo epizodis garda (XLV), qalis sxeuls mxolod
danawilebuli da gafantuli detalebis formiT icnobs: fexi,
mkerdi, mxrebi, yeli, xelebi.1 danakuwebuli qali _ mxolod
aseTi qalia sarazinisTvis xelmisawvdomi siyvarulis obi-
eqti. danawevrebuli, danakuwebuli qali sagani-fetiSebis
erTgvar leqsikons emsgavseba. am daglejil, nakuwebad
qceul sxeuls (gvaxsendeba misi bavSvuri TamaSebi kolejSi)
xelovani (aqaa misi mowodebis arsi) erT sxeulad aerTianebs
da, sabolood, siyvarulisTvis gankuTvnil sxeuls qmnis, ro-
melic amaRlebuli xelovnebis sferodan gadmoabijebs, fe-
tiSizmisgan Tavisufldeba da sarazins kurnavs. Tumca sara-
zinma jer kidev ar icis, rom qalis sxeuli, romelic bolos
da bolos realurad gaaerTiana, xelSesaxebia da misdami miZ-
Rvnili xotbis miuxedavad, es mxsneli sxeuli kvlav fiqti-
urobas inarCunebs: es sxeuli damokidebulia qmnaze (esaa
pigmalionis qmnileba, romelic `kvarcxbekidan Camovida~;
#№229), obieqtze, romlis dafaruli qveda nawili isev da isev
iwvevs gmiris SeSfoTebas, cnobismoyvareobasa da agresias:
zambinelas gaSiSvlebiT (naxatze) moqandake SekiTxvebs us-
vams masac da sakuTar Tavsac. sabolood qandakebis damsxv-
reviT ki qalis danakuwebas agrZelebs (rogorc bavSvobisas,
roca eklesiis skamze raRacebs kveTda), riTac afetiSebs (da-
122
nawevrebul) sxeuls, romlis gasaocari mTlianoba, rogorc
Tavad egona, Tvalwin gadaeSala.
(221) parizis civi cis qveS mas arasodes unaxavs iseTi mdi-
dari da saamo qmnilebebi, rogorebsac antikur saberZneTSi
qmnidnen. * REF. xelovnebis istoria: antikuri qandakeba (mxo-
lod xelovnebas SeuZlia Seqmnas sruli sxeuli).
(222) sicocxliT savse da naz zambinelaSi Tavi moeyara
qalis sxeulis saocrad daxvewil proporciebs, rac mas didi
xania swyuroda da romlis mkacri da, amave dros, vnebiT aRsa-
vse Semfasebeli mxolod moqandake SeiZleboda yofiliyo. *
SYM. sxeuli erTiandeba * REF. xelovnebis fsiqologia (qali
da mxatvari).
(223) metyveli piri, siyvaruliT savse Tvalebi, kanis da-
mabrmavebeli siTeTre. * SYM. danawevrebuli da gaerTiane-
buli sxeuli (`detalebis~ win wamoweva).
(224) yvela am detals daumateT mxatvris aRfrTovanebaSi
momyvani * REF. xelovnebis kodi: ferwera. samuSaos ganawile-
ba: mxatvari gamoxatavs Tvalebs, pirs, saxes, erTi sityviT,
suls, eqspresias, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT _ Sinagani zeda-
pirze amoaqvs; moqandake ki, romelic formebis ostatia, amu-
Savebs sxeuls, materias, yvelafers, rac grZnobadi aRqmiT
miiReba.
(225) berZnis saWreTliT gamoqandakebuli veneras mTeli
srulqmnileba. * REF. xelovnebis kodi: antikuri qandakeba.
(226) xelovani ver kmayofildeboda im sworupovari xaze-
bis daxvewilobiT, romliTac xelebi sxeuls uerTdeba, yelis
saucxoo simrgvaliT, harmoniulad morkaluli warbebiT,
cxviriT, saxis unaklo ovaliT, sicocxliT savse konturebis
siwmindiT, xSiri, aprexili wamwamebis silamaziT, romlebic
did, vnebiT aRsavse quTuToebs Semojarvoda... * SYM. qalu-
roba (xSiri, aprexili wamwamebi, romlebic did, vnebiT aRsav-
se quTuToebs Semojarvoda) ** SYM. danawevrebuli-Sekrebi-
li sxeuli (`detalis~ gagrZeleba).
LI. blazoni
ena xrikebs mimarTavs: sakmarisia gaerTiandes, raTa sa-
kuTari Tavi gamoTqvas, rom erTiani sxeuli isev iZulebu-
lia sityvebis mtvrad iqces, detalebad daqucmacdes, saku-
123
Tari nawilebis monotonur nusxad gardaiqmnas, danawevrdes:
ena arRvevs sxeuls da mas fetiSis mdgomareobaSi abrunebs.
am dabrunebas _ blazoni ewodeba. blazonis arsi isaa, rom
raime subieqts, vTqvaT silamazes, garkveuli raodenobis
anatomiuri atributebi miewereba: lamazi iyo misi xelebi,
yeli, warbebi, cxviri, wamwamebi da a.S. maSasadame, zedsarTavi
gadaiqceva subieqtad da arsebiTi _ predikatad. igive xdeba
striptizisas: gaSiSvlebis aqtze aq miuTiTebs atributebi
(fexebi, xelebi, mkerdi da a.S.). striptizi da blazoni Tavad
frazis xvedrs mogvagonebs (orive frazis msgavsadaa agebu-
li), rac gulisxmobs imas (amisTvis frazas Tavisi struqtu-
ra wiravs), rom fraza aRar Seadgens mTlianobas; misi mniS-
vnelobebi SeiZleba gaifantos, magram mTlianobad ver Seik-
ribeba: erTianoba, jami _ enis aRTqmuli miwaa, romelic So-
ridan gamokrTis, rogorc CamonaTvlis jami, magram Tundac
es CamonaTvali sruli iyos, masSi veraviTar elements ver
mivakvlevT, romelic mas (CamonaTvals) Sinagan mTlianobas
mianiWebda. Tuki msgavsi elementi Cndeba, is mxolod sxvebs
`daemateba~. igive iTqmis silamazezec: is aris an tavtalogia
(romelic Tavis Tavs mxolod silamazis saxeliT ganamtki-
cebs) an analitikuri (Tuki mis predikatebs gadavxedavT) da
arasodes _ sinTezuri. blazoni, rogorc Janri, gamoxatavs
rwmenas, rom amomwurav katalogs SeuZlia sxeulis mTli-
anobis aRdgena, Tan ise, rom TiTqos zRvramde misul CamoT-
vlas axal, mTlianobis kategoriad gardaqmna SeuZlia: aRwe-
ras raRac CamoTvlis cieb-cxeleba ipyrobs: gaerTianebisken
swrafvis gzaze is axvavebs detalebs, amravlebs fetiSebs,
raTa bolos erTiani, fetiSisgan Tavisufali sxeuli moipo-
vos; amave dros, aRweras ar ZaluZs silamazis asaxva: aravis
SeuZlia zambinelas xilva; misi profilebis dausrulebeli
monacvleoba imaze miuTiTebs, rom igi miuwvdomeli mTlia-
nobis gansaxierebaa; miuwvdomeli ki imitomaa, rom misi gulis
mogebas enis, weris gziT cdiloben.
(227) is ufro meti iyo, vidre qali _ is iyo Sedevri. * SYM.
sxeulTa asli.
124
LII. Sedevri
zambinelas sxeuli realobaa. Tumca es realuri sxeuli

mTliania (ubadlo, saswaulebrivi) imdenad, ramdenadac ukve
dawerili skulpturuli sxeulidan (antikuri saberZneTi,
pigmalioni) momdinareobs: is aseve (`sarazinis~ sxva sxeule-
bis msgavsad) garkveuli kodidan momdinare reproduqciaa. es
kodi ganusazRvrelia, vinaidan dawerilia. Tumca xdeba ise,
rom reproduqciis ormagi jaWvi uecrad acxadebs Tavis wya-
ros, kodi ki _ Tavis damkvidrebis, SeCerebis, fiqsirebis
Sesaxeb. Sedevri swored kodis es wyaroa, misi simtkici-
sa da fiqsirebulobis wertili. Tavidan igi warmogvidgeba,
rogorc mimobneuli nawilebis nakrebi, rogorc aRuracxeli
empiriuli dakvirvebis induqciuri koncepti; da marTlac,
saraziniseuli esTetikis mixedviT, Sedevri aris modeli,
romlisganac momdinareobs cocxali qandakeba. bolos da
bolos, Sedevris wyalobiT sxeulTa wera iZens Tavis zRvars,
rac, amave dros, misi dasabamicaa. zambinelas sxeulis aRmo-
Cena kodebis dausrulebeli gadaZaxilis Sewyveta, aslebis
wyaros povna (originalis), kulturis aTvlis wertilis da-
fiqsireba, maTi danamatis gamoyofaa (`meti, vidre qali~).
zambinelas sxeulSi (rogorc SedevrSi) xdeba referentisa
(realuri sxeuli, romelic unda gavimeoroT, gamovxatoT,
aRvniSnoT) da referenciis (sawyisi, romelic weris usasru-
lobas wertil usvams da Sedegad mas afuZnebs) Teologiuri
SeTavseba.
(228) am saocar qmnilebaSi ipovidiT siyvarulis dapire-
basac, mamakacebs rom ase aRafrTovanebs da iseT mSveniereba-
sac, TviT yvelaze mkacr kritikossac rom daakmayofilebs. *
REF. xelovanis fsiqologia.
(229) sarazini TvalebiT Wamda pigmalionis am qandakebas,
romelic kvarcxlbekidan misTvis Camosuliyo.* SYM. pigma-
lioni, sxeulTa reproduqcia.
(230) roca zambinelam simRera daiwyo, * ACT. `Teatri~: 2:
varskvlavis simRera.
(231) gaSmagda *ACT. `moxibvla~: 4: siSmage (siSmage aq Si-
nagani procesia, es aris sinesTeturi mdgomareoba _ civi/
125
cxeli.Aamgvarad, sigiJe #№235-Si iwvevs patara acting out-s,
orgazms).
(232) da ciebam moicva; * ACT. `moxibvla~: 5: siSmage, cieba.
(233) Semdeg igrZno, rom sadRac, misi arsebis siRrme-
Si, rasac sxva sityvis uqonlobis gamo Cven guls vuwodebT,
cecxli ainTo! * ACT. `mojadoeba~: 6: siSmage: cieba ** REF.
evfemizmi (am SemTxvevaSi `guli~, `sxva sityvebis uqonlobis
gamo~, aRniSnavs mxolod sqesobriv organos: es sityva arse-
bobs, magram akrZalulia, tabudadebulia).
(234) mas ar daukravs taSi, ubralod dumda * ACT. `moja-
doeba~: 7: siSmage: simunje. siSmage iSleba sam drod, sam ele-
mentad: is Cndeba retrospeqtiulad, rogorc zogadi sityva,
rogorc erTgvari ritorikuli anonsi, romelic erTsa da
imave dros garkveuli droismieri da analitikuri TxrobiTi
sub-mimdevrobis Sesaxeb gvamcnobs.
(235) da grZnobda, rom nel-nela sigiJe ipyrobda; * rito-
rikuli TvalsazrisiT, sigiJe mxolod da mxolod siSmages
imeorebs; Tumca Tuki pirveli siyvaruliT aRtacebis kla-
sikuri mdgomareobaa, meore aq warmoCndeba, rogorc prog-
resiis erT-erTi elementi, romelsac sarazini, romelic
zambinelasTan axlos zis, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, orgazmam-
de mihyavs (#№244-Si). sigiJe SeiZleba danawevrdes ramdenime
elementad, romlebic Tanmimdevrulad Semodis da siamovnebis
miRebis pirobebs azustebs (ACT. `siamovneba~: 2: sigiJe (acting out-
is piroba).
(236) amgvari gaSmageba SeiZleba mxolod im asakSi ganvica-
doT, roca Cveni survilebi warmoudgenlad mZafri, saSineli
da jojoxeTuria. * REF. asakobrivi jgufebis fsiqologia.
(237) sarazins Teatris scenaze avardna da am qalis dau-
fleba mounda. erTgvari sulieri daTrgunulobiT gaasma-
gebuli misi energia (romlis mizezic Znelad Tu aixsneba,
vinaidan es movlenebi im sferoSi mimdinareobs, romelic
adamianis mzerisTvis miuwvdomelia), mtkivneuli da TavSeu-
kavebeli gadmoRvrisaken iswrafoda. * ACT. `siamovneba~: 3:
daZabuloba (gadmoRvris, moSvebis survili). daZabuloba ha-
lucinaciuria, is moraluri cenzuris ngrevis Tanafardia.
Zaladobrivi elementi, agresiuloba, gaSmageba, romelic am
126
pirveli survilisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, maSinve waiSleba,
rogorc ki saqme mis nebayofilobiT ganmeorebamde miva: ce-
remonialis wyalobiT, is Semsubuqdeba (#№270). ** REF. vneba da
misi dangreva.
(238) gverdidan rom SegexedaT, civi da briyvi kaci gego-
nebodaT. * ACT. `siamovneba~: 4: uZraobiT Sepyroba (acting out-i
saidumlod mzaddeba).
(239) dideba, mecniereba, momavali, gvirgvini, yvelafe-
ri Camoingra, gacamtverda. * gadawyvetilebis miRebis aqts
(siyvaruli an sikvdili) aq win uswrebs mentaluri ganwmen-
dis sazeimo faza; ùkiduresi~ (radikaluri, sicocxle rom
ideba sasworze) gadawyvetileba gulisxmobs frCxilebSi Ca-
smul sxva movaleobebsa da sxva kavSirebs (ACT. `gadawyveti-
leba~: arCevani, gonebis mdgomareoba).
(240) misi siyvarulis mopoveba an sikvdili! – aseTi iyo
ganaCeni, romelic sarazinma Tavs gamoutana. * ACT. `gada-
wyvetileba~: 2: alternativis Camoyalibeba. gadawyvetileba
miuTiTebs alternativas, romlis ori wevri diaqronulia
(giyvardes da, Semdeg, Tu es ar gamova, mokvde); amasTan, Ta-
vad alternativas, Tavisive ori elementiT, mivyavarT orma-
gi Tanmimdevrulobisken: survili _ giyvardes da survili
_ mokvde. ** siyvarulis survili (an sxvisi siyvarulis mo-
poveba) aq erTgvar moqmedebas iwvevs, romlis principi ukve
formulirebulia, Tumca am xazis ganviTareba maleve wydeba
sarazinis gadawyvetilebiT _ iqiraos loJa da ganmeorebiT
ganicados `pirveli siamovneba~; yvelaferi, rac Semdeg mo-
xdeba, Tanmimdevrulobas aRar emorCileba (`Semdeg ganviTa-
rebuli movlenebi misTvis moulodneli aRmoCnda~... #№263)
(ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 1: qmedebis gamowveva). *** cxa-
dia, zambinelas dakargvis gamo sarazini Tavs ver moiklavs,
magram misi sikvdili, romelic anonsebis jaWviT, gafrTxi-
lebebiT, gamowvevebiT mzaddeba da Tavad msxverplis mieraa
kurTxeuli #№540) _ ukve aris kidec TviTmkvleloba, Tavi-
danve gacxadebuli alternativa (ACT. `sikvdilis survili~:
1: qmedebis inicireba).
(241) iseTi gabruebuli iyo, rom verc darbazs xedavda,
verc msmenels, verc msaxiobebs, musikac ki ar esmoda * ACT.
`siamovneba~: 5: sakuTar TavSi CaRrmaveba.
127
(242) metic, masa da zambinelas Soris manZili ar arse-
bobda; sarazini eufleboda momRerals, masze miSterebuli
TvalebiT ipyrobda. TiTqmis eSmakeuli ZaliT grZnobda misi
xmis TrTolvas, mis Tmaze dayrili pudris surnels, xedavda
mis saxes, SeeZlo daeTvala cisferi ZarRvebi, romlebic mis
abreSumiviT kans kidev ufro warmoaCenda. * zambinelasTan
siaxlove (radganac is scenasTan axlos ijda, #№209) haluci-
naciuri xasiaTisaa: es aris kedlis gauqmeba, saganTan aRreva;
rogorc Cans, aq saubaria Caxutebis halucinaciaze. amasTan,
zambinela aRwerilia ara esTetikuri kodis mixedviT, ara
ritorikulad, aramed anatomiurad (ZarRvebi, saxis nakvTe-
bi, Tmebi) (ACT. `siamovneba~: 6: floba) ** SEM. eSmakeuli (es
sema ukve sarazins ukavSirdeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
transgresiis ideis ganorcielebaa; èSmaki~ subieqtis cno-
bierebaSi mcire fsiqologiuri biZgis saxelia).
(243) bolos, zambinelas rbili, nazi, wkriala, ZafiviT
msubuqi xma, romelic sios qrolvaze icvlis formas, sus-
tdeba da Zlierdeba, vrceldeba da ikargeba, mZafrad ekveTa
mis suls. * aq xma aRwerilia Tavisi SemoWris, SeRwevis,
gadmoRvris ZaliT; magram es xma aRwevs mamakacis arsebaSi.
sarazinic, endimionis msgavsad, romelic naTels Tavisi
sayvarlisgan ìRebs~, qalurobis aqtiuri emanaciis obieqti
aRmoCndeba, romlis mouxelTebeli Zalac mas èjaxeba~,
ipyrobs, pasiurs xdis (ACT. `siamovneba~: 7: gamsWvalva).
(244) sarazinis bages Zlieri siamovnebiT gamowveuli une-
buri Sekivleba dascda, * ACT. `tkboba~: 8: netareba. Nnetare-
ba sarazinma SemTxveviT, halucinaciuri krizisis wyalobiT
ganicada; Semdeg saubari iqneba am pirveli netarebisa neba-
yofilobiT ganmeorebaze (rac Zalian Zvirfasia gmirisTvis),
loJaSi, divanze gamarTuli seansebiT (sadac, ra Tqma unda,
sarazini martoa). igi gadasaxlda imgvar srulfasovan seq-
sualurobaSi, romlis msgavsic adre arasodes ganucdia.
(245) romlis msgavsi adamianurma vnebebma iSviaTad
SeiZleba gamoiwvios. * REF. adamianuri vnebebi.
(246) male iZulebuli gaxda Teatri daetovebina. * ACT.
`Teatri~: 9: wasvla.
(247) fexebi ukankalebda da TiTqmis aRar emorCileboda.
ise Zalagamoclili da dasustebuli iyo, rogorc ganervi-
128
ulebuli adamiani, romelic saSinel sibrazes ahyva. man iseTi
siamovneba da, amasTan, imgvari tkivili gadaitana, rom misi
cxovreba larnakidan uecrad gadmoRvril wyals daemsgavsa.
dacarielda, gatyda, Tavs im mZime avadmyofobiT Sepyrobil
adamianad grZnobda, romelsac gamojanmrTelebis imedi da-
ukargavs. * ACT. `tkboba~: 9: sicariele: avadmyofobis kodi.
(248) auxsneli sevdiT moculi * ACT. `tkboba~: 10: sevda
`post coitum~.
(249) eklesiis kibeze Camojda. zurgiT taZris svets
mieyrdno da areulma fiqrebma sizmariviT gaitaca. vneba
mexiviT daatyda Tavs. * ACT. `tkboba~: 11: Zalebis aRdgena.
es Zalebis aRdgena gansxvavebuli kodebiT SegviZlia waviki-
TxoT: fsiqologiuriT (suli ibrunebs sakuTar ufle-
bebs), qristianuliT (xorcis wuxili, eklesias Sefareba),
fsiqoanalitikuriT (dabruneba svet-falosTan), trivialu-
riT (dasveneba post coitum).
LIII. evfemizmi
ai, sarazinis namdvili istoria: is Sedis TeatrSi; mom-

xibvleli varskvlavis silamaze, xma da xelovneba ajadoebs;
sruliad Seryeuli gamodis darbazidan da gadawyvets, kvlav
ganicados pirveli saRamos grZneuleba, amitom mTeli se-
zonisTvis qiraobs loJas scenis gverdiT. da ai, axla gmiris
sxva istoria: is SemTxveviT Sedis TeatrSi (206), SemTxveviT
jdeba scenasTan axlos (209), ipyrobs musikis vneba (213), pri-
madonas silamaze (219), misi xma (231), rac survils aRuZravs;
scenis siaxlove iwvevs halucinacias, mas eCveneba, rom zam-
binelas daeufla (242); momRerlis xmiT imsWvaleba (243), mi-
dis orgazmamde (244), rasac mohyveba si-cariele (247), sevda
(348), Semdeg gamodis, jdeba da fiqrobs (249): sarazinisTvis
es marTlac pirveli netareba iyo; man gadawyvita, ganeaxlebina
es siamovneba martoobaSi, yovel saRamos, gaeSinaurebina da
Tavis gankargulebaSi hqonoda yovelTvis, roca amis survi-
li gauCndeboda; am or istorias Soris arsebobs diagrama-
tikuli mimarTeba, rac maT identurobas uzrunvelyofs: es
aris erTi da igive istoria, vinaidan mas safuZvlad udevs
129
erTi da igive sqema, erTnairi, Tanmimdevruli ganviTareba:
daZabuloba, gataceba Tu alya, afeTqeba, daRla, dasasruli.
Teatris scenarSi martoxelas orgazmis wakiTxvis, evfemu-
ri versiis erotikuli istoriiT Canacvlebis amgvari kiTxvis
operacia efuZneba ara simbolur leqsikas, aramed sistemur
SeTanxmebulobas, mimarTebaTa Sesabamisobas. aqedan gamom-
dinare, teqstis azri aris ara esa Tu is ìnterpretacia~, ara-
med misi kiTxvis diagramatikuli erToba, misi mravalobiTi
sistema. mavani ityvis, rom Teatris scena, ìseTi, rogoric
avtorma aRgviwera~, pirdapiri mniSvnelobis upiratesobiT
sargeblobs da `WeSmaritebas~, teqstis `realobas~ warmo-
adgens. amgvarad, maTi TvaliT, am scenas, rogorc orgazmis
wakiTxvas, simboluri Seferiloba eqneba da igi aRmoCndeba
guldasmiT Sesrulebuli, Tumca naklebad azriani. àraferi
_ teqstis garda, mxolod teqsti~ _ amgvar SemoTavazebas arc-
Tu didi azri aqvs, piriqiT, ufro damafrTxobelia; teqstis
bukvaluroba iseTive sistemaa, rogoric sxva. balzakiseuli
wera sxva araferia, Tu ara sxva, simboluri weris `transkri-
fcia~: Tavis mxriv, evfemizmic xom Taviseburi enaa. simarTle
rom iTqvas, teqstis azri ar SeiZleba iyos sxva ram, Tu ara
misive sistemebis, misive dausrulebeli (wriuli) `trans-
krifciulobis~ simravle, roca erTi sistema gadawers sxvas
da, piriqiT. teqstis pirispir ar arsebobs `pirveli~, `bu-
nebrivi~, èrovnuli, `mSobliuri~ ena, igi dabadebisTanave
amJRavnebs mravalferovnebas; teqstobrivi leqsikonisTvis
ar arsebobs arc Sesasvleli da arc gamosasvleli ena, vinai-
dan teqsts leqsikonTan aaxloebs ara gansazRvrebis mocemis
unari (mzamzareuli), aramed struqturis usasruloba.
(250) saxlSi dabrunebuli * ACT. `Teatri~: 10: Sin dabruneba.
(251) SepyrobiliviT muSaobda, rac cxovrebaSi siaxlis
gaCenaze miuTiTebs. pirveli siyvarulis cecxlis mopovebis
Semdeg, romelic siamovnebasTan iseve axlosaa, rogorc tan-
jvasTan, mas sakuTari mouTmenlobisa da siSmagis sxva geziT
warmarTva surda da gadawyvita, zambinelas saxe maxsovrobiT
Seeqmna. misma survilebma TiTqos frTa Seisxa. * REF. siyva-
ruliT daavadeba. ** ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 2: daxatva.
aq saubaria siyvarulis dros warmoSobil nebis uqonlobaze,
130
molodinze. *** SYM. sxeulTa reproduqcia: suraTi. xatva
(qmedeba) adamianis sxeulis xelaxali kodirebaa, gansxvave-
buli stilebis, pozebisa da stereotipebis sistemebSi misi
reintegraciis gziT, rac ritorikuli sqemis mixedviT, dis-
kurss warmoadgens: es aris zogadi qmedeba (xatva) , rac Sem-
deg sami saxeobis monetad daxurdavdeba.
(252) zogierT furcelze zambinela gamoxatuli iyo iseT
mSvid da civ pozaSi, rogorsac upiratesobas aniWebdnen ra-
faeli, jorjone da sxva didi mxatvrebi. * SYM. sxeulTa re-
produqcia: naxati (1): akademiuri (mTlianoba aq eyrdnoba
kulturul kods, referencias: xelovnebis wigni).
(253) sxvagan mas Tavi natifad daexara, ruladas asruleb-
da da sakuTar xmas TiTqos Tavadve usmenda. * SYM. sxeulTa
reproduqcia: naxati (2) romantika (Jestis yvelaze saTuTi
mdgomareoba, cxovrebis wignidan aRebuli).
(254) sarazinma Tavisi sayvarlis portreti yvela pozaSi
daxata _ vualis gareSe, damjdari, fexze mdgomi, dawoli-
li, umankoebiTa Tu siyvaruliT savse; man Tavisi gaSmagebu-
li fanqris wyalobiT ganaxorciela yvela axirebuli idea,
romelic Cvens warmosaxvaSi maSin Rvivdeba, roca sayvarel
adamianze fiqriT varT aRvsilni. * SYM. sxeulTa asli: naxa-
ti (3): fantazmuri. modeli `Tavisuflad~ eqvemdebareba (rac
niSnavs, rom Sesabamis, kerZod, fantazmuris kods emorCile-
ba) survilis manipulaciebs (`yvela axirebuli idea~, `yvela
pozaSi~). marTlac, yvela wina naxati fantazmuria: asli ra-
faelis pozaSi, iSviaTi Jestebis gamogoneba, ukve mizanmi-
marTul brikolaJs, sasurveli sxeulis sakuTari survile-
biT manipulirebas (sakuTari fantazmiT) niSnavs. xelovnebis
realisturi koncefciiT mTeli ferwera SeiZleba ganisazR-
vros, rogorc fantazmuri manipulaciebis udidesi galerea,
sadac sxeulebs gardaqmnian ise, rogorc surT; amgvarad,
isini nel-nela ikaveben surviliT Seqmnil yvela ujreds
(is, rac naTlad, anu samagaliTod Cans markiz de sadis co-
cxal naxatebSi). * REF. vnebis kodi. *** SYM. gaSiSvleba
(zambinela warmodgenilia vualis gareSe).
(255) magram misi Smagi fiqrebi naxatis sazRvrebs scdebo-
da. REF. gadaWarbeba (agresia). ** SYM. gaSiSvleba.
131
LIV. ukan, ufro Sors
Tavisi modelis SeuCereblad gaSiSvlebiT moqandake sa-
razini pirdapir mihyveba froids, romelic (leonardo da
vinCize saubrisas) moqandakisa da analitikosis saqmiano-
bebs aigivebs. rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi, saubaria
via di levare, adgilis gasufTavebaze, zedmetis gatanaze. mo-
qandake ubrundeba bavSvobis Cveulebas (rodesac CiCqnida
skams, romelzec Canaxatebs tovebda) da zambinelas safars
glejs, raTa mis WeSmarit sxeulamde miaRwios; sarazini,
rogorc adamiani, uSvebs uamrav erTnair Secdomas da amiT
fatalurad miemarTeba kastratis namdvil saxemde, romel-
sac centris adgilze sicariele aqvs. da es ormagi moZraoba
realizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli orazrovnebis analogiu-
ria. saraziniseul xelovans surs safarveli axados models,
wavides sul ufro Sors, ufro ukan, mihyves idealistur
princips, romlis Tanaxmadac saidumlo da WeSmariteba
identuria. maSasadame, saWiroa SeRweva modelis SigniT, qan-
dakebis qveS, tilos miRma (es aris swored is, ris miRwevasac
sxva balzakiseuli xelovani, frenhoferi cdilobs). amgvari
wesiT moqmedebs realisti mweralic (da misi STamomavali _
kritika): saWiroa furclis miRma mxares gasvla, rom gaigo
votrensa da liusien de riubampres Soris urTierTobebi
(magram rac furclis miRmaa, aris ara realoba, ara referen-
ti, aramed referencia. `weris daudevari da mouxelTebeli
usazRvroeba~). modelis, qandakebis, tilos Tu teqstis ga-
dabrunebis, mis qveS SeZromis, mis SigniT SeRwevis survili,
rac sarazins, realist xelovansa da kritikoss amoZravebs,
_ fiaskomde midis da sarazinic amis erTgvari dasturia:
tilos ukan, romelzec frenhoferi ocnebobs, mxolod misi
zedapiri, najRabni xazebi, gauSif-ravi abstraqtuli wera,
ucnobi (amoucnobi) Sedevria, romlis dasrulebasac geni-
aluri fermweris sikvdili mohyveba: zambinelas miRma (ma-
Sasadame, mis qandakebaSi) gvxvdeba mxolod masaWurisebeli
arara, sicariele, rac sarazins maSinve moklavs, rogorc
ki iluziur qandakebas, sakuTari marcxis mowmes, gaanadgu-
rebs, vinaidan SeuZlebelia safarvelis qveS arsebuli sa-
gnebis avTenturobis gamovlena, aRmniSvnelebis dauokebeli
moZraobis SeCereba.
132
(256) is uyurebda zambinelas, saubrobda masTan, emuda-
reboda, ukavSirebda mas cxovrebisa da bednierebis aTas
wels, warmosaxvaSi masTan erTad ganicdida cxovrebis mra-
valferovan epizodebs, * aq mocemulia fantazmis zusti gan-
sazRvreba; fantazma aris scenari, romelSic obieqtis aRu-
racxeli pozebia warmodgenili (`cxovrebis mravalferovani
epizodebi~), magram yovelTvis miemarTeba subieqtisken (ro-
gorc xorcieli manipulaciebis mcdelobebi), romelic sce-
nis SuagulSia (is xedavda, esaubreboda, emudareboda, ukav-
Sirdeboda). SYM. fantazmuri scenari.
(257) gegmavda, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, masTan erTad gasa-
tarebel momavals. * es scenari TviT momavalsac ki moicavs,
rac fantazmis specifikur dros warmoadgens (SYM. fantaz-
muri scenari).
(258) meore diliT man TeatrSi msaxuri gagzavna, raTa
mTeli sezonisTvis loJa scenis axlos eqiravebina. * REF.
qronologia (`meore dRes~). ** ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 3:
loJis daqiraveba TeatrSi. sarazinis mier sasiyvarulo ambis
wamowyeba wmindad pasiuri bunebisaa: moqandake ara zambine-
las dapyrobas, mopovebas, aramed Tavisi pirveli, martooba-
Si gancdili siamovnebis ganmeorebas cdilobs; ai, amitom misi
pirveli gancxadebidan _ ùyvardes mas an mokvdes~ _ rCeba
mxolod ori gaWianurebuli elementi: daxatos, uWvritos.
amis Semdeg movlenaTa svla sarazins ukve aRar emorCileba da
erTveba misi `sikvdilis survili~. *** scenis siaxlovem, rom-
lis upiratesoba sarazinma SemTxveviT aRmoaCina, mas saSua-
leba misca siamovneba mieRo; amieridan, is scenasTan miaxlo-
ebis SesaZleblobas mizanmimarTulad eZebs; rogorc Cans,
axla surs, igive yovel saRamos, mTeli sezonis ganmavlobaSi
gaimeoros (ACT. siamovneba: 12: ganmeorebis piroba).
(259) Semdeg, rogorc vnebebiT savse sulis mqone axal-
gazrdam, * REF. asakobrivi jgufebis fsiqologia.
(260) arCeuli gzis sirTuleebi gaazviada da gadawyvita,
pirvel xanebSi Tavisi vnebebi satrfos TayvaniscemiT da-
ekmayofilebina. * ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 4: pauza. gmi-
ri iswrafvis ara imdenad realobisken, ramdenadac Tavisi
siyvarulis obieqtiT fantazmuri tkbobisken. is droebiT
133
gverdze gadadebs praqtikul saqmianobas da upirvelesad
fantazmuri manipulaciisTvis Sesabamis pirobebs awesri-
gebs. igi Tavisi pasiurobis alibad win wamowevs sxvadasxva
dabrkolebebsa da sirTuleebs, romlebic gadaWarbebulia,
magram xelsayrelia da amarTlebs mis òcnebas~, riTac ase
dakavebulia.
(261) magram siyvarulis es oqros xana, rodesac sakuTa-
ri grZnobebiT vtkbebiT da bednierebas Cvensave gancdebSi
vpoulobT, * REF. siyvarulis asakis kodi.
(262) sarazinisTvis didxans ar gagrZelebula. * REF.
qronologia.
(263) Semdgom ganviTarebuli movlenebi misTvis mo-
ulodneli aRmoCnda, * sarazini aqtiurad mxolod Tavis fan-
tazmebs warmarTavs. Sedegad, rac ki garedan (`realuridan~)
modis, misTvis moulodnelia. amgvarad, moxmobili SeniSvna
`siyvarulis survilis~ dasasruls moaswavebs; magram vinai-
dan es SeniSvna prospeqtiulia (saWiroa ociode leqsia, raTa
isev davubrundeT am miTiTebul `movlenebs~ da, upirvele-
sad, dueniasTan Sexvedras), #№240-e leqsiaSi aRmocenebuli
pauza SeiZleba isev danawevrdes fantazmuri elementebis
seriad (ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 5: movlenebis ganviTa-
rebis Sewyveta).
(264) radgan jer kidev im Wabukuri halucinaciis xibl-
Si imyofeboda, romelic erTdroulad gulubryviloc iyo
da sasiamovnoc. * siyvarulis TavgadasavalSi erTveba pauza
(Tumca misi dasasrulis Sesaxeb ukve viciT), romelic mTeli
rigi qmedebebiT, qcevebiTa Tu STabeWdilebebiT ivseba; mTe-
li es momdevno elementebi aq zogadi saxiT gveuwyeba: sasi-
amovno halucinaciebi (ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 6: ele-
mentebis anonsi, romlebic pauzas qmnian).
(265) erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi mTeli cxovreba gaiara:
dilaobiT Tixas zelda * REF. qronologia (erTi kvira, loJa-
Si, savarZelSi gatarebuli. Sexvedra dueniasTan (SemTxveva,
romelic sarazinisTvis `moulodnelia~) misi romSi cxovre-
bis 24-e dRes (informacia, Tanmxvedri imisa, rom is ar icnobs
romaul wesebs). ** ACT `siyvarulis survili~: 7: dilaobiT
gamoZerwva (avxorculi halucinaciis pirveli Semadgeneli
134
elementi). comis zela (#№163), rogorc sarazinis bavSvuri sa-
qmianoba, simbolurad danakuwebis ekvivalenturia; rogorc
Cans, orive SemTxveva miuTiTebs xelebis raRacaSi Caflobas,
safarvelis Camoglejas, moculobiTi sxeulis Sinagan wvdo-
mas, raRac farulis, WeSmaritis moxelTebas.
(266) da, miuxedavad imisa, rom vualebi, kabebi, korsetebi,
bafTebi, zambinelas tans ufaravda, mainc cdilobda zambi-
nelas sxeulis asli gamoeZerwa; * SYM. gaSiSvleba.
(267) saRamos ki Tavis loJaSi adrianad mokalaTdeboda,
savarZelze marto wamowveboda da opiumiT mTvrali TurqiviT
iseTi savse da uxvi bednierebiT tkbeboda, rogoric SeiZleba
mxolod inatro. * ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 8: saRamo,
taxti (halucinaciuri gaWianurebis meore Semadgeneli
elementi). konotaciebi cxadad miuTiTebs ceremoniulad
organizebulsa da sarazinis mier ganmeorebul am tkbobis
bunebas, romelic erT saRamos SemTxeviT, martoobaSi, ha-
lucinaciurad gancdili pirveli siamovnebidan daiwyo
(roca subieqtsa da obieqts Soris ar arsebobda zRvari).
es aris nebayofilobiTi da ceremoniuli siamovneba, rac
aseve Seicavs erTgvar askezas da garjas moiTxovs: amocana
isaa, rom aRniSnuli siamovneba yovelgvari gaRizianebisgan,
wuxilisgan, Zaladobisgan, siWarbisgan ganiwmidos: aqedan
modis gonivrulad progresuli teqnika, romelic mimarTulia
ara tkbobisgan ganSorebis, aramed misi damorCilebis, yo-
velgvari ucxo SegrZnebebisgan gawmendisaken. Tavis mxriv,
taxtze gancdili es bedniereba ufro wvrilman qmedebebsac
emorCileba.
(268) jer is TandaTan gauSinaurda im cxovel emociebs,
romlebsac mas Tavisi gulismpyrobeli aRuZravda, * ACT.
`siyvarulis survili~: mosmenis, yurisgdebis SeCveva).
(269) Semdeg ki iswavla, Tvalebi mSvidad miepyro misTvis
da * ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 10: mzeris moTviniereba.
(270) aRar eWvrita ugono mgznebarebiT, ramac gacnobis
pirvel dReebSi mxecad aqcia. misi vneba ufro Rrma da mSvidi
gaxda: * ormag askezas _ smenasa da xedvas _ ufro rentabe-
lur fantazmamde mivyavarT, rac pirvandeli TavSeukaveb-
lobisgan Tavisufalia (#№237: sarazinis gaSmagebuli survi-
135
li `mtkivneuli da TavSeukavebeli gadmoRvrisaken iswrafo-
da~) (ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 11: ori winamavali operaciis
Sedegi).
(271) sakuTar TavSi Caketili moqandake ar uSvebda, rom
megobrebs, misi warmosaxvebTan dakavSirebuli, ocnebebiTa
da imedebiT Semkuli, bednierebiT savse martooba daer-
RviaT. * ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 12: mopovebuli haluci-
naciebis gafrTxileba. sarazinis nebayofilobiT marto-
obas diegeturi funqcia aqvs: is `xsnis~, Tu rogor aRmoC-
nda sarazini garemocvisgan izolirebuli, ratom ar ico-
da, rom papis saxelmwifoSi qalis partiis Semsruleblebi
mxolod kastratebi arian; martoobas aq igive funqcia
aqvs, rac sarazinis romSi cxovrebis mokle periods, rasac
qronologiuri kodis araerTi ganmeoreba warmoaCens; yove-
live es ki moxuci Tavadi kijis amoZaxils exmianeba: `cidan
CamovardiT?~ (#№468).
(272) mas ise Zlierad da miamiturad uyvarda, rom eZale-
boda ubiwo eWvebi, romlebic pirveli siyvarulisas gvipy-
robs xolme pirveli siyvarulisas gvipyrobs xolme * REF.
vnebis kodi.
(273) da ukve imaze fiqric ki daiwyo, rom movida moqmede-
bis, xrikebis, imis codnis dro, Tu sad cxovrobda zambinela,
hyavda Tu ara deda, biZa, meurve, ojaxi, mis naxvasa da masTan
saubarze ocnebobda. sarazinis guli am Tamami azrebiT ise
Zlierad ikumSeboda, rom maTi ganxorcieleba meore dRisT-
vis gadahqonda. * ACT. `siyvarulis survili~: 13: pauzis alibi
da vadis gagrZeleba.
(274) da sakuTari fizikuri tanjviT iseve tkbeboda, ro-
gorc gonebiT gancdili siamovnebiT. * SEM. sirTule (Cven
ukve vicnobT sarazinis paradoqsul xasiaTs, romelSic wina-
aRmdegobebi erTmaneTSia areuli).
(275) magram, _ Semawyvetina qalbatonma roSfidma, _ jer
kidev ver vxedav marianinas da mis Cia moxucs.
_ Tqven mis garda veravis xedavT! _ wamoviyvire moTmi-
nebidan gamosuli avtoriviT, romelsac warmatebuli scenis
efeqts urRveven. * REF. avtoris kodi (mTxrobeli metalin-
gvisturi aqtiT aRwers mTxrobelis kods). ** REF. gamocana 4
136
(vin aris moxuci?): pasuxis moTxovna. *** mTxrobelis pasuxs
erTdroulad SeuZlia Tqvas simarTle (zambinela aris moxu-
ci) da tyuili (rom moxuci sarazinia): es aris ekivoki (HER. enig-
ma 4: ekivoki).
LV. ena, rogorc buneba

sarazinis Tavgadasavals scenaze, praqtikulad, ori
personaJi gamohyavs: Tavad sarazini da zambinela. maSasa-
dame, Mmoxuci oridan erTia (`mis garda veravis xedavT~).
WeSmariteba da sicrue or ubralo alternativamdea day-
vanili: mkiTxveli interesiTaa Sepyrobili, vinaidan mas
ainteresebs, ras warmoadgens am wyvilis TiToeuli wevri,
e.i. Tu igi kiTxvas dasvams zambinelas Sesaxeb _ sopranos
pirovnebas niRabi Camoexsneba, gaCndeba eWvi sqesze da mas
gansakuTrebul klass _ anomaliurs mivakuTvnebT; sqesob-
rivi klasifikaciisas eWvi myisierad `bundovanebaSi~ gada-
izrdeba da es orazrovneba gacxaddeba ara kiTxvis procesSi,
aramed analitikur doneze; Cveulebrivi kiTxvis ritmi
iZleva imis saSualebas, rom orive alternatiuli wevri
(tyuili/marTali) erTgvar swrafad moZrav turniketSi mox-
vdes, rac maTi gancalkevebis saSualebas ar iZleva; amgvar
turniketad gvevlineba fraza. misi struqturis ubraloeba,
simokle, siswrafe (rac metonimiurad mTxrobelis mouT-
menlobas amJRavnebs) da yvelaferi, rac ki masSia, WeSmaritebas
mkiTxvelisgan Sors ga-itacebs (rac istoriis mimarT inte-
resis dakargvis safrzTxes Seicavs). analogiurad moqmedebs
(novelis sxva adgilas) operatiuli da eleganturi sin-
taqsuri modulaciac. es aris Tavad enis mier naboZebi
resursi, romelic saSualebas iZleva, struqturuli wi-
naaRmdegoba daTmobis ubralo morfemamde daiyvanos: `mrav-
lismetyvel mzeraTa gacvlis miuxedavad, moqandake gaaoca
im TavSekavebam, rasac zambinela mis mimarT iCenda~ (#351) _
es aris konstruqcia, romelic amSvidebs, amsubuqebs, aq-
robs naratiuli struqturis mZafr gamoTqmebs. sxvagva-
rad rom vTqvaT, frazaSi (rogorc enobriv erTeulSi) aris
Zala, romelic erTgvarad iSinaurebs Txrobis ostatobas,
masSi Cadebulia mniSvneloba, romelic mniSvnelobebs uar-
137
yofs. am diakritikul elementebs SegviZlia vuwodoT (vi-
naidan is naratiuli mTlianobis jaWvze igeba) frazireba.
an kidev, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, fraza aris buneba, romlis
funqcia _ Tu datvirTva _ Txrobis kulturisTvis ucod-
velobis miniWebaa. naratiul struqturaze daSenebiT, misi
formirebiT, ritmis mowesrigebiT, masze wmindad grama-
tikuli morfemebis aRbeWdviT, fraza Txrobas TavisTavad
sicxades aniWebs. ena (aq _ franguli) _ Tavisi gamocdilebiT
(bavSvobidan gaTavisebuli), Tavisi istoriuli mniSvnelobiT,
erTianad danaTesavebuli Tavis Cveulebebs, mokled, mTeli
Tavisi uwinaresobiT, Cans, yovelgvar uflebas flobs na-
ratiul siuJetze, romelic oci gverdis win daiwyo, Tumca
ena manamdec arsebobda. aqedan cxadi xdeba, rom denotacia
ar aris diskursis WeSmariteba: is ar imyofeba struqturis
miRma, misi funqcia sxvebis Tanabaria da es funqcia aris
swored ucodvelobis struqtura; denotacia kodebs erT-
gvari Zvirfasi eqscipientiT kvebavs, romelic amasTanave
gansakuTrebul, xarisxian masalas warmoadgens da saSuale-
bas iZleva, es kodebi mSvidad daukavSiros erTmaneTs.
(276) _ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi, _ ganvagrZe pauzis
Semdeg, _ sarazini ise erTgulad midioda da moikalaTebda
xolme Tavis loJaSi, misi mzera iseT siyvaruls gamoxatavda,
* REF. qronologia (Cven viciT, rom 265-e leqsiidan gamomdi-
nare, es ramdenime dRe erTi kviraa). ** ACT. `siyvarulis sur-
vili~: 14: pauzis rezume.
LVI. xe
Txrobis mdinarebasTan erTad zogjer ritorikuli ko-di
proairetikul kods exeba: sintagmuri Tanmimdevruloba qme-
debaTa jaWvs Sobs (gadawyveta/daxatva/loJis daqirave-ba/
pauza/qmedebis Sewyveta), magram am jaWvs, diskursis zemoq-
medebiT, logikuri ganStoebebi mosdevs: nominaluri gvari
(sasiyvarulo halucinacia) droebiT specifikas iZens (saRa-
mo/dila), rac Tavis mxriv, Sedegis saxiT _ alibad an rezi-
umed konkretdeba.
Tanmimdevrulobis (siyvarulis survili) implicituri
saxelwodebidan gamomdinare, viRebT proairetikul xes
138
(Spaleris yaidaze), romlis ganStoebebi da erTmaneTSi Cax-
larTuli totebi, saerTo teqsturi mocemulobis fargleb-
Si, frazuli traeqtoriis uwyvet transformacias gamoricxavs.
Tanmimdevrulobis garkveul wertilebSi, ritorikuli

kodi, romelsac gavleniani roli ekuTvnis sakiTxav teq-
stSi, Tavis mxriv, dakvirtvis erTgvar process iwvevs da
naskvad gardaiqmneba; saxeli aris imis SesaZlebloba, rom
daagvirgvinos _ daaanonsos an Seajamos _ garkveuli
Tanmimdevruloba, romelic detalizebuli iyo da iqneba:
amgvarad, pauza gaiSleba droSi, suraTi _ nimuSebSi, halu-
cinacia _ mis mier dazaralebul organoebSi. wmindad
aristoteluri struqturidan gamomdinare, diskursi uwyve-
tad meryeobs sqessa (nominalur) da mis saxeobebs Soris
(proairetikuli); amgvarad, leqsika, rogorc zogadi da
specifikuri saxelebis sistema, aqtiurad TanamSromlobs
struqturirebis procesTan, raTa gaiTavisos igi, vinaidan
azri _ Zalaa: saxeldeba _ damorCilebaa da rac meti saerTo
buneba aqvs saxelebs, damorCilebis elementi miT ufro
Warbobs. rodesac diskursi Tavad saubrobs halucinaciaze
139
(raTa SemdgomSi is daakonkretos), imave Zaladobis aqts
mimarTvas, rogorsac maTematikosebi da logikosebi, rom-
lebic amboben: vuwodoT P-s obieqti, romelic... an P aR-
niSnavs, rom ... da a.S. amgvarad, mkiTxveliseuli diskursi
gamoxatvis winare nominaciebiTaa gajerebuli, romlebic
emorCilebian teqsts, magram aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvion
gulzidva, rac yovelTvis Tan sdevs ZaliT raRacis misa-
kuTrebas. Cven, Cveni mxridan, saxelis Tanmimdevrulobis
miTvisebiT (`siyvarulis survili~) da aseve, azrobrivi omis
gaRvivebiT, gaTavisebis process vubrundebiT, rac teqstSi
imTaviTve igulisxmeba.
(277) rom am adamianis vnebas zambinelas xmis mimarT mTe-
li parizi Seityobda, es ambavi aq rom momxdariyo; * SYM. ka-
stratis xma (is, rac SeiZleba miviRoT, rogorc vulgaruli,
banaluri sinekdoqe (zambinela aRniSnulia Tavisi xmiT) aq si-
tyvasityviT unda gavigoT: sarazini Seyvarebulia kastratis
xmaze, kastraciaze). ** REF. eTnikuri fsiqologia: parizi.
(278) magram italiaSi, qalbatono, speqtaklze misulebs
TavianTi angariSi, TavianTi vneba, TavianTi gulis interesi
aqvT, rac sxvebis WogritiT Tvalierebas gamoricxavs. * REF.
eTnikuri fsiqologia: italia.
(279) Tumca moqandakis sigiJe operis momRerlebs mxed-
velobidan didxans ver gamoeparebodaT. * me-6 gamocana (vin
aris zambinela?) aris gaRrmavebuli gamocana, masSi erTgvari
intrigaa: amgvarad, yovel jerze, rogorc ki TvalTmaqcoba
maqinaciur qmedebas daukavSirdeba, mas (me-6 gamocanas) er-
Tiani blokis forma, koherentuli Tanmimdevruloba eniWeba
da mistifikaciad iqceva. Sedegad, zambinelas TvalTmaqcoba
SeiZleba Zveleburad tyuilad darCes da Tavad misive ara-
erTgvarovani (SesaZlebeli) grZnobis gaTvaliswinebiT, zo-
gadad, me-6 gamocanas miekuTvnos da ara mistifikacias (HER.
`mistifikacia~: 1: mistifikatorTa jgufi).
(280) erT saRamos frangma SeamCnia, rom kulisebSi masze
icinodnen. * REF. qronologia (èrTi saRamo~ agrZelebs mo-
vlenebs, romlebic misTvis moulodneli aRmoCnda, #№263). **
HER. `mistifikacia~: 2: sicili (moZravi strategema). sicils
(mistifikaciis safuZvels) kastratoruli funqcia eqneba
140
#513-Si (sicili, sicili! da Sen gabede, mamakacis grZnobebze
geTamaSa?).
(281) Znelia iTqvas, ras Caidenda igi, * SEM. Zaladoba, ga-
daWarbeba.
(282) scenaze zambinela rom ar gamosuliyo. man sarazins
mravlismetyveli mzera miapyro. * zambinelas `mravlismet-
yveli~ mzera mistifikatorTa mxridan msxverplisken mimar-
Tuli erT-erTi tyuilTagania (HER. gamocana 6: zambinelas
mier sarazinis motyueba).
LVII. mimarTulebis xazebi

K
idealuri SeiZleba vuwodoT komunikaciur process, ro-
melic erTmaneTs akavSirebs or partniors, gamoricxavs yo-
velgvar xmaurs (am sityvis kibernetikuli gagebiT) da erTian
Zafad kravs maT pirdapiri kavSiriT. naratiuli komunikacia
sulac ar aris idiliuri. mimarTulebis xazebi masSi mravla-
daa da amitom Eama Tu im Setyobinebis mkveTrad gamoyofa Se-
saZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tu davakonkretebT, saidan modis
igi da sad midis. me-6 gamocanaSi (vin aris zambinela?) 5 ko-
munikaciuri xazi moqmedebs. pirveli mistifikatorTa jgu-
fidan (momRerlebi, vitaliani) maTi msxverplisaken (sarazi-
ni) midis; maSasadame, Setyobineba aq tradiciulad efuZneba
yvela SesaZlebel tyuils, sicrues, binZur xrikebs da roca
saubaria orazrovnebaze, aq aseve CaerTveba sityvaTa Tama-
Si, `dacinva~, gankuTvnili imisTvis, rom TamaSis monawileebi
gaamxiarulos. meore xazi zambineladan sarazinisken midis:
maSasadame, Setyobineba agebulia TvalTmaqcobasa da mot-
yuebaze an ekivokis SemTxvevaSi, CaxSobil sindisis qenjnasa
da gulwrfelobis Semotevaze. mesame xazi Tavad sarazins aka-
vSirebs sakuTar TavTan: is gulisxmobs alibebs, crurwmenebs
da cru sabuTebs, riTac moqandake, sasicocxlo interesebi-
dan gamomdinare, sakuTar Tavs ityuebs. meoTxe xazi sarazi-
nis garemocvisken midis (Tavadi kiji, moqandakis amxanagebi).
aq komunikaciis obieqti aRmoCndeba zogadad miRebuli azri,
cxadi, `realuri~ (`zambinela aris qalad gadacmuli kastra-
ti~). mexuTe xazi diskursidan mkiTxvelisken midis; misi sa-
SualebiT gadaicema xan tyuilebi (raTa gamocanis sa-idumlo
141
Zalian adre ar gaixsnas), xan orazrovnebebi (raTa gaamZaf-
ros mkiTxvelis cnobismoyvareoba). cxadia, mTeli am mra-
valferovanebis Mmizani aris sanaxaoba, teqsti, rogorc sa-
naxaoba; xolo idiliuri komunikacia uars ambobs yovelgvar
sanaxaobaze, uaryofs vinmes myofobas, romlis winaSe SeiZ-
leba komunikaciuri procesi gafarTovdes; saerTo jamSi, is
axSobs yovelgvar `sxvas~, yovelgvar subieqts. naratiuli
komunikacia sawinaaRmdegoa: misi yoveli mimarTuleba Tama-
Sis sxva monawileTaTvis sanaxaoba aRmoCndeba: Setyobinebas,
romelsac zambinela sarazins ugzavnis an sarazini sakuTari
Tavisken mimarTavs, maqinator msmenelTa jgufi usmens. mki-
Txveli, diskuris TanamonawileobiT, yurs ugdebs tyuils,
romelSic sarazini kvlav agrZelebs yofnas, mas Semdegac
ki, rac WeSmaritebas farda aexada. es satelefono kavSiris
gawyvetas hgavs, rodesac yvela arxi erTbaSad gaTiSuli, Ca-
xlarTuli da axal komunikaciur jaWvSi CarTulia, saidanac
sargebels mxolod mkiTxveli iRebs: msmenelebis umetesoba
(aq msmenelze iseve vsaubrobT, rogorc mayurebelze) ganla-
gebulia am sistemis yovel kuTxeSi, yoveli maTgani xarbad
iswrafvis misken momavali xmis mosaxelTeblad, raTa igi ki-
Txvis sistemaSi daabrunos. amgvarad, idiliuri, wminda ko-
munikaciis sapirispirod (rac, magaliTad, formalizebul
mecnierebebSi gvxveba), sakiTxav teqsts wina planze gamoaqvs
erTgvari `xmauri~. es Tavad am xmauris, dabinZurebuli ko-
munikaciis weraa; magram aRniSnuli xmauri areuli, uwyveti,
gamayruebeli rodia; is gasagebia, urTierTSeerTebebis Se-
degadaa Seqmnili da ara erTmaneTze dafeniT; rogorc Cans,
es aris mkveTrad gamoxatuli `kakografia~.
(283) qalis gamoxedva xSirad imaze mets ambobs, vidre mas
surs. * REF. qalTa fsiqologia.
(284) es gamoxedva moqandakisTvis namdvili gamocxadeba
iyo. sarazini uyvardaT! `Tu es mxolod axirebaa, _ fiqrob-
da is, da ukve mzad iyo, Tavisi satrfo gadaWarbebul mgzneba-
rebaSi daedanaSaulebina, _ TviTonac ar uwyis, ra emuqreba.
imedia, es axireba mTeli cxovreba gamyveba!~ * SEM. gadaWarbe-
ba, Zaladoba da a.S. ** HER. gamocana 6, tyuili (sarazini Tavs
ityuebs). tyuili emyareba ara zambinelas grZnobebs, aramed
142
mis sqess, vinaidan gavrcelebuli azriT (endoxa), mxolod
qalebs SeuZliaT mamakacs `mravalismetyvelad~ Sexedon.
(285) am dros sarazinis yuradReba loJis karze samgzis
msubuqma dakakunebam miipyro. * ACT. `kari II~: 1: kakuni (sami
msubuqi dakakuneba saidumlos konotaciis matarebelia, rac
safrTxes ar ukavSirdeba: Tanamzraxveli).
(286) man kari gaaRo. * ACT. `kari II ~: 2: gaReba.
(287) loJaSi moxuci qali Seipara, romelsac idumali
gamometyveleba hqonda. * ACT. `kari II~: 3: Sesvla. Tuki
banalurobaze saubari gvsurs, maSin es `kari~ unda Sevada-
roT im kars, romelic ukve Segvxvda (#№125-sa da #№127-Si),
roca marianinam saidumloebiT moculi moxuci mosamsaxures
Caabara. iq iyo aseTi Tanmimdevroba: misvla/dakakuneba/
gamoCena(gaReba). aq gvaqvs: dakakuneba/gaReba/Sesvla. pirve-
li wevris (misvlis) dakargva saidumloebiT mocul garemos
qmnis: es aris kari, romelic TavisTavad àkakunebs~, TiTqos
mas aravin miaxloebia.
(288) _ axalgazrdav, _ Tqva man, _ Tu gsurT, bednieri
iyoT, windaxeduleba gamoiCineT, sawvimari moisxiT, Tvaleb-
ze ganieri qudi CamoifareT da saRamos 10 saaTisTvis korsos
quCaze, sastumro èspaneTis~ win damelodeT. * ACT. `Sexve-
dra~: 1: Sexvedris daniSvna. *** REF. Gamoucnobi, romantikuli
italia.
(289) _ moval, upasuxa man * ACT. `Sexvedra~: 2: Suamavlis
meSveobiT daTanxmeba.
(290) da duenias damWknar xelebSi 2 luidori Caudo. *
ACT. `Sexvedra~: 3: madliereba, dajildoeba.
(291) sarazini loJidan gavarda *ACT, `gasvla~: 1: pirveli
adgilidan.
(292) zambinelasgan winaswar micemuli niSnis Semdeg,
romelmac morcxvad daxara vnebiani quTuToebi, rogorc
qalma, gaxarebulma imiT, rom mas gauges, * ACT. `Sexvedra~:
4: Sexvedris damniSnavisTvis paemanze daTanxmeba. ** SEM.
qaluroba (vnebiani quTuToebi). *** rogorc qalma... Cven
winaSea sicrue, vinaidan zambinela ar aris qali; magram
saidan modis da saiT miemarTeba tyuili? sarazini Tavs
ityuebs (am SemTxvevaSi gamoTqma unda ganvixiloT, rogorc
arapirdapiri, sarazinis TavSi warmoSobili azri)? Tu
143
es diskursi atyuebs mkiTxvels (rac dasaSvebia, vinaidan
kavSiri (rogorc) Zerwavs zambinelasadmi mikuTvnebul
erTgvar qalurobas)? sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, vin iRebs
pasuxismgeblobas zambinelas qmedebaze? am gamoTqmis wyaro
Znelad gasarCevia an, ufro zustad, gaurkvevelia (HER.
gamocana 6: tyuili).
(293) moqandake Sinisaken gamalebiT garboda, raTa SeerCia
Cacmuloba, romelic gamorCeul momxibvlelobas SesZenda. *
ACT. `Semosva~: 1: Semosvis survili.
(294) Teatridan gamosvlisas, * ACT. `gamosvla~: 2: gamosv-
la sxva adgilidan (gamosvla gvTavazobs Sors yofnas ama Tu
im adgilisgan: loJisgan, Senobisgan).
(295) erTma ucnobma mas mxarze xeli mohkida, SeaCera da
yurSi CasCurCula:
_ Tavs gaufrTxildiT, batono frango, saqme sikvdil-
sicocxles exeba. kardinali Cikoniara misi mfarvelia da nu
exumrebiT. * ACT. `gafrTxileba~: 1: gamafrTxilebeli rCeva.
** ACT. `mfarveloba~: 1: miniSneba momaval mkvlelobaze (ès
kaci saSiSia~).
(296) im wuTSi sarazinsa da zambinelas Soris eSmaks jojo-
xeTis ufskrulic rom gaexsna, sarazini mas albaT erTi nax-
tomiT gadalaxavda. moqandakis siyvaruli, homerosis mier
aRwerili ukvdavi RmerTebis raSebis msgavsad, Tvalis da-
xamxamebaSi gadakveTda ganuzomel sivrceebs. * SEM. energia,
gadaWarbeba. ** REF. literaturis istoria.
(297) _ saxlidan gasvlisTanave sikvdilic rom melodes,
kidev ufro viCqarebdi, _ upasuxa man. * ACT. `gafrTxileba~:
2: ufro Sors wasvla. ** ACT. `sikvdilis survili~: 2: gamaf-
rTxilebeli sityvis masxrad agdeba, riskze wasvla.
LVIII. istoriis interesi

sarazini Tavisufalia, mas SeuZlia miiRos ucnobis gaf-
rTxileba an ukuagdos igi. es alternatiuli YTavisufleba
struqturulia: is aRniSnavs Tanmimdevrulobis yovel ele-
ments da istoriis ganviTarebas moulodneli `Semotriale-
biT~ uzrunvelyofs. Tumca es struqtura sulac ar rTavs
nebas sarazins, miiRos italielis gafrTxileba, vinaidan Tu
144
is Tanxmobas ganacxadebs, sasiyvarulo istoria, ubralod,
aRar Sedgeba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, sarazins diskursi
aiZulebs zambinelasTan Sexvedras, e.i. diskursis gadarCenis
instinqti personaJis Tavisuflebaze batonobs. amgvarad,
erT mxaresaa alternativa, meore mxares ki, amavdroulad,
Zaladoba. ase rom, am konfliqts amgvari saxe miecema: dis-
kursis Zaladoba (ìstoria aucileblad unda gagrZeldes~)
morcxvad `daviwyebulia~; alternatiuli Tavisufleba did-
sulovnad miemarTeba personaJis Tavisufal nebas, romelic,
rogorc Cans, SerCeulia sruli pasuxismgeblobiT da mokle-
bulia SesaZleblobas, mokvdes qaRaldis sikvdiliT (rac,
zogadad, romanis personaJisTvis yvelaze saSinelia), rasac
mas diskursi aiZulebs. am manevrs igi romaniseuli tragediis
STagonebamde mihyavs. rogorc ki personaJi arCevans gaake-
Tebs ara qaRaldis furcelze, aramed referenciuli uto-
piis farglebSi, maSinve iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom es arCe-
vani Sinagan gadawyvetilebebs emorCileba: sarazinma arCia
Sexvedra: 1) vinaidan bunebiT jiutia; 2) vinaidan misi vneba
Zalian Zlieria; 3) vinaidan misi bediswera _ sikvdilia. am ze-
determinacias ormagi funqcia aqvs: erTi SexedviT, is perso-
naJs Tavisuflebas da istorias sTavazobs, Sesabamisad, qme-
deba personaJis fsiqologiiTaa motivirebuli; amave dros,
Tavisufleba SeniRbulia diskursis Tanmimdevruli ulmo-
beli ZaladobiT. am TamaSis mTeli arsi sargeblis miRebaa:
siuJetis interess warmoadgens is, rom sarazinma ar dauje-
ros ucnobs da ar gadaifiqros. amitom nebismier fasad unda
wavides dueniasTan Sexvedraze. sagulisxmoa, rom sarazini am
Sexvedraze siuJetis sicocxlis gasagrZeleblad midis; an,
umjobesia iTqvas, imisTvis, rom gadaarCinos saqoneli (nove-
la), vinaidan kiTxvis bazarze daxlidan misi CamoRebis dro
jer ar damdgara: siuJetis ìnteresi~ aris misi mwarmoeblis
(Tu momxmareblis) ìnteresi~; magram, rogorc xdeba xolme,
naratiuli saqonlis fasi referenciuli determinaciebis
siWarbis Sesabamisad imatebs (romlebic amoRebulia sulis
samyarodan da qaRaldis furclis miRma arsebobs) da qmnis
ukeTilSobiles saxeebs, saxeebs gmirTa bediswerisa.
(298) Poverino! _ iyvira ucnobma da gauCinarda. * REF. ita-
liuroba (poverino! ital. sabralo da ara Rataki!)
145
(299) SeyvarebulisTvis safrTxe xom Svebaa? * REF. anda-
zuri kodi.
(300) sarazinis mosamsaxures arasdros unaxavs, rom mis
batons Semosvaze ase ezrunos. * ACT. `Semosva~: 2: Seimosa (zo-
gadad, `Cacmis~ Tanmimdevruloba SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc
siyvarulis, imedis aRmniSvneli). ** es Tema CvenTvis cno-
bilia: sarazini seqsualur cxovrebas ganSorebuli iyo da
Tavisi dedis (buSardonis) sifxizlis wyalobiT, ubiwoebas
icavda. es mdgomareoba dairRva, roca sarazinma zambinela
ixila da misi xma moismina. seqsualobasTan ziareba da ubiwo-
ebasTan gamoTxoveba aRiniSna sityviT _ pirvelad. es pirve-
lad, aseve, sarazinis Semosvis drosac Cndeba: moqandake pir-
velad imoseba. rogorc gvaxsovs, klotildam igi verafriT
gadaaCvia daudevar Cacmas (mivaqcioT yuradReba: afanisisis
mdgomareobidan ver gamoiyvana. № # 94), ris gamoc man sarazini
miatova (SYM. seqsualuri gandegilobis dasasruli).
(301) buSardonis naCuqari saukeTeso xmali, klotildas
naboZebi yelsaxvevi, kiletebiT morTuli fraki, vercxlis
ZafiT naqsovi Jileti, oqros saTuTune, Zvirfasi saaTi, _
yvelaferi gamozida skivridan * buSardoni da klotilda
iZulebis, zewolis, afanisisis sawyiss ganasaxiereben; axla
ki, TavianTi saCuqrebiT, ritualurad marTaven sarazinis
iniciacias: adamianebi, romlebic odesRac Semakavebel fun-
qcias asrulebdnen, axla mis Tavisuflebas akurTxeben. ùbi-
woebis dakargva~ im simboluri sagnebidan (yelsaxvevi, xmali)
momdinareobs, romlebic sarazins Tavisi ubiwoebis damcve-
lebisgan gadaeca (SYM. iniciacia).
(302) da gamoewyo im qaliSviliviT, romelmac Tavis pir-
vel siyvaruls win unda Cauaros. * REF. SeyvarebulTa fsiqo-
logia ** gmiri qaliSviliviT imoseba. es inversia sarazinis
qalurobis konotacias gulisxmobs (ukve aRniSnuls) (SEM.
qaluroba).
(303) siyvaruliTa da imediT mTvrali sarazini daTqmul
dros * aq iwyeba grZeli Tanmimdevroba, romelic sami mTava-
ri elementiTaa gamoTqmuli: imedi/imedgacrueba/kompensi-
reba (ACT. ìmedi~: 1: imedis qona).
(304) labadaSi cxvirCarguli garboda Sexvedraze, rome-
lic moxucma dauniSna. duenia elodeboda.
146
_ daagvianeT! _ uTxra man. * ACT. `Sexvedra~: 5: didi xnis
nanatri Sexvedra (Tqven daigvianeT! _ naTels fens sarazi-
nis mier CacmaSi gamoCenil gadaWarbebul sibejiTes. #№300).
(305) _ wamomyeviT!
igi frangs sxvadasxva viwro quCis gavliT miuZRveboda *
ACT. msvleloba: 1: wasvla. ** ACT. `msvleloba~: 2: SemovliT
svla. *** amoucnobi da romantikuli italia (viwro quCebi).
(306) da erTi sakmaod lamazi sasaxlis win gaCerda. * ACT.
`kari III~: 1: gaCereba.
(307) dueniam daakakuna * ACT. `kari III~: 2: dakakuneba.
(308) da maT winaSe kari gaiRo. * ACT. `kari III: 3: gaReba.
warmoudgenelia ufro banaluri (advilad misaxvedri) da
arafrismTqmeli proairetizmi; movlenaTa ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT, siuJeti ufro garkveuli iqneboda, Tu dis-
kursi ityoda: man frangi sasaxlisken waiyvana da roca
SigniT Sevida, darbazisken gauZRva... am SemTxvevaSi siuJe-
tis operaciuli struqtura xelSeuxebeli darCeboda. maSa-
sadame, ra Semoaqvs kars? pirdapir rom iTqvas _ semantika:
upirvelesad imitom, rom yovelgvari kari aris sagani, ro-
melsac araerTi simboluri datvirTva aqvs (is dakavSirebu-
lia sikvdilis, sixarulis, sazRvris, saidumloebis kultu-
rasTan); da aseve imitomac, rom es kari Tavad iReba (daxmare-
bis gareSe), rac saidumlo atmosferos konotacias axdens;
dabolos, kari ki iReba, magram am mgzavrobis mizani jer
ucnobi rCeba, molodini gagrZelebulia, anu misi simZafre
gaormagebulia.
(309) Semdeg sarazini kibeebis labirinTiT waiyvana, gaa-
tara mTvariT sustad ganaTebuli SuSabandebi da oTaxebi.
bolos kars miadgnen. * ACT. `msvleloba~: 3: SeRweva. ** REF.
Tavgadasavali, romaniseuli atmosfero (labirinTi, kibe,
sibnele, mTvare).
(310) WuWrutanebidan mkveTri sinaTle da mxiaruli,
xmamaRali laparaki gamodioda. * ACT. `Rreoba~: 1: Rreobis
dawyebis momaswavebeli niSnebi. diegeturi (SidasiuJeturi)
anonsi ar unda agverios ritorikul anonsSi, romlis saSu-
alebiT diskursi winaswar asaxelebs sityvas, rac Semdeg
detalurad aRiwereba (aq: diegetikuri anonsi).
147
(311) sarazini TiTqos dabrmavda, roca moxucis sityva-
ze am saidumlo oTaxSi SeuSves da uecrad aRmoCnda gaCaxCa-
xebul, mdidrulad morTul darbazSi, romlis SuagulSic
wmidaTawmida boTlebiTa da laliviT moelvare, waxnagebiani,
macdunebeli surebiT damZimebuli sufra iyo gaSlili. * ACT.
`msvleloba~: 4: misvla. ** REF. Rvino (mwuxare/mxiaruli/mo-
makvdinebeli/cudi/gulis mesaidumle/grZnobismomrevi da
a.S.). es kodi impliciturad aris gaormagebuli literaturu-
li kodiT (rable da a.S.).
(312) man icno Teatris momRerlebi, * HER. `mistifikacia~:
3: mistifikatorebis jgufi.
(313) romelTa Soris ramdenime momxibvleli qalic SeniS-
na. yvelani mzad iyvnen Rreobis dasawyebad, radgan mis garda
aRaravis elodnen. * ACT. `Rreoba~: 2: anonsi (anonsi aq ufro
ritorikulia, vidre diegeturi).
(314) sarazinma moZalebuli wyena CaixSo * ACT. ìmedi~: 2:
imedgacrueba.
(315) da Tavi mtkiced daiWira. * ACT. ìmedi~: 3: kompensi-
reba (es elementi Zalian axlosaa andazur kodTan: yvela gan-
sacdelis gmirulad daxvedra).
(316) moqandakes imedi hqonda, rom daxvdeboda mcired ga-
naTebuli oTaxi, satrfo _ anTebul buxarTan, iqve, or nabi-
jze mimaluli vinme eWviani metoqe, sikvdili da siyvaruli,
erTmaneTisTvis CurCuliT gulis gadaSla, saxifaTo kocna,
erTmaneTTan ise axlos mitanili saxeebi, rom zambinelas Tme-
bi mis surviliT savse da bednierebisgan gaxurebul Subls
Sexeboda. * ACT. imedi: 4: imedis qona (retrospeqtuli ganmeo-
reba). * REF. vnebis, romaniseuli, ironiuli kodebi.
LIX. sami kodi erTad

referenciis kodebi erTgvar gulzidvis spazmebs iwve-
vs, maT safuZvlad udevs mowyeniloba, konformizmi, mudmivi
ganmeoreba, rac zizRSi gadaizrdeba. klasikuri samkurnalo
saSualeba, rasac met-naklebad iyenebs esa Tu is avtori, aris
am kodebis ironizeba, rac gulzidvis kodis sxva kodiT Canac-
vlebas niSnavs da pirvelis Sesaxeb distanciurobiT ilapa-
rakebs (am xerxis Sesaxeb ukve XXI TavSi visaubreT) an, sxvagva-
148
rad rom vTqvaT, meta-enis amoqmedebis process miscems dasa-
bams (amJamindeli problema aris is, rom am process Sewyvetis
saSualeba ar mieces, raTa enasTan mimarTebiT distancia ar
gauqmdes). imis TqmiT, sarazins ìmedi hqonda, rom daxvebo-
da mcired ganaTebuli oTaxi, satrfo _ anTebul buxarTan,
iqve, or nabijze mimaluli vinme eWviani metoqe, sikvdili
da siyvaruli da a.S.~, diskursi erTmaneTSi urevs sxvadasxva
wyarodan gamomaval sam daSorebul kods (romlebic erTma-
neTs ar eTanxmebian). vnebis kodi am `grZnobas~ literaturad
gardaqmnis: es aris keTilsindisieri avtoris kodi, romelic
arc ki eWvobs, rom romaniseuli swored vnebis WeSmariti
(bunebrivi) gamoxatulebaa (am avtorma, dantesgan gansxvave-
biT, ar icis, rom vneba wignebidan modis). ironiuli kodi ki
Tavad itvirTavs `gulubryvilobis~ simZimes, romelic pir-
vel or kodSia: roca romanisti Tavis personaJze saubrobs
(kodi #№2), ironisti ukve Tavad romanistze laparakobs (kodi
#№3): sarazinis `bunebrivi~ (Sinagani) ena ormagad mosaubre
xdeba; sakmarisia, modelad aviRoT 316-e fraza, stilizeba
gavukeToT balzakiseul frazas, rom kodebis iarusebi ki-
dev erTi safexuriT aiwevs. ra Sedegi moaqvs am operacias? is,
rom ukanaskneli sazRvris gadalaxviT da usruleblobisken
swrafviT safuZvels uyris weras, risTvisac Tavisi TamaSis
yvela wess iyenebs. klasikuri wera Sors ver midis; is male
kargavs aRmafrenas, ikumSeba da naadrevad miuTiTebs Tavis
ukanasknel kods (kerZod, ganacxadebs ironias, rogorc aq,
Cven mier moxmobil magaliTSi). sxvaTa Soris, floberi (amas
ukve mivaqcieT yuradReba), romelic aradamajereblobiT
aRbeWdil ironias mimarTavs, dabneulobis gancdas iwvevs,
rac werisTvis aucilebelia. is ar aCerebs kodebis TamaSs (an
cudad aCerebs) da amgvarad (cxadia, amaSia weris argumenti),
SeuZlebelia gavigoT, pasuxs agebs Tu ara imaze, rac dawera
(aris Tu ara subieqti misi enis miRma); weris arsi (im samuSao-
dan gamomdinare, romelsac warmoadgens) xom samudamo krZa-
lavs pasuxs kiTxvaze: vin laparakobs?
(317) _ molxenas gaumarjos! _ iyvira man. _ Signori e belle
donne, neba miboZeT, mogvianebiT mec migiwvioT da Cemi madlie-
reba gamovxato im daxvedrisTvis, romelic sabralo moqanda-
149
kisTvis gamarTeT. * ACT. ìmedi~: 5: kompensireba (ganmeoreba).
** REF. italiuroba.
(318) mas Semdeg, rac iq myofi, garegnulad nacnobi ada-
mianebisgan, sakmaod Tbili misalmeba miiRo, * REF. `mistifi-
kacia~: 4: TvalTmaqcoba (ìq myofi adamianebi~ mistifikaciis
monawileni arian, maTi dacinvis obieqti ki sarazinia: mis-
Tvis gamarTuli miReba am intrigis nawilia).
LX. diskursis kazuistika

sarazini `sakmaod~ Tbilad miiRes. sityva `sakmaos~ aq ga-
moyeneba Tvisobriv interess aRZravs: bevrisa da Zalianis
reducirebiT, is pozitiurobis princips Tmobs; arsebiTad,
sakmaod Tbili daxvedra ufro naklebia, vidre Tbili, yo-
vel SemTxvevaSi, siTbo uxerxulad da gaubedavadaa warmo-
Cenili. diskursis Ees gaubedaoba kompromisis Sedegia: erTi
mxriv, momRerlebs kargad unda mieRoT sarazini, raTa bo-
los daecinaT misTvis da, aseve, maqinaciuri speqtakli bo-
lomde mieyvanaT (aqedan momdinareobs Tbili qaTinaurebi);
meore mxriv, es miReba aris TvalTmaqcoba, razedac diskurss
ar surs pasuxi agos, aseve ar surs sakuTari gulgrilobis
gancxadebac, vinaidan es maqinatorTa sicruis droze adre
mxilebas niSnavs, riTac istoria daZabulobas dakargavs
(amitom esalmebian sarazins sakmaod Tbilad). aqedan cxadi
xdeba, rom diskursi cdilobs icruos rac SeiZleba nakle-
bad, zustad imdeni, ramdenic saWiroa kiTxvis interesis ga-
dasarCenad, anu sakuTari sicocxlis saxsnelad. civiliza-
ciaSi, sadac Tavisi adgili aqvs gamocanas, WeSmaritebasa da
mis gamocnobas, diskursi cdilobs (Tavis sakuTar doneze),
xelaxla Seqmnas moraluri SeTanxmebebi, romlebic am ci-
vilizaciis mieraa gamomuSavebuli: Cven winaSea diskursis
kazuistika.
(319)scada, miaxloeboda ganier, Rrma savarZels, * ACT.
`saubari 1~: miaxloeba.
(320)romelzec zantad miwolili zambinela eloda.* SEM.
qaluroba.
(321) oh, rogor feTqavda sarazinis guli, roca man Tva-
li mokra mis patara fexebs, romelzec Ria fexsacmelebi ec-
150
va da, romlebic, neba miboZeT, vTqva, qalbatono, odesRac
qalis fexs iseT sikekluces aniWebda, iseT mgrZnobiares xdi-
da, rom warmoudgenelia, mis mimarT mamakaci gulgrili dar-
Ceniliyo. kargad Semotmasnili mwvaneisrebiani TeTri win-
debi, mokle kabebi, maRalqusliani, cxvirwawvetebuli fex-
sacmelebi ludoviko XV mefobis xanaSi, albaT, cotaTi mainc
uwyobda xels evropisa da samRvdeloebis demoralizacias.
_ cotaTi? _ ikiTxa markizam, _ ese igi, Tqven araferi
wagikiTxavT! * qaluroba. ** zambinelas samosi sarazinisken
mimarTuli TvalTmaqcobaa. am sicruem Tavis mizans miaRwia,
vinaidan sarazini tyuils samxilad iyenebs (zambinelas kek-
lucoba imis mtkicebulebaa, rom is qalia); es niSnavs, Tu Se-
iZleba ase iTqvas, mtkicebulebas fexebis saSualebiT (HER.
gamocana 6: tyuili, zambinelas mier sarazinisadmi mimarTu-
li). *** REF. lui XV-is saukune. meore mxriv, yuradReba unda
movaqcioT im faqtsac, rom axalgazrda qali kvlav ebmeba
TxrobaSi (erTveba masSi), rac erotikuli aluziis saxiT
warmogvidgeba; es wuTieri RvlarWnili stiliT saubari
(rodesac markiza moulodnelad gaTavisufldeba, `gaTa-
mamdeba~ da TiTqmis `vulgarulad~ iqceva) im molaparike-
bis gamoZaxilia, romlis dacvasac partniorebi cdiloben
(mTxrobeli aq ar Semcdara, maSinve mixvda, ris Sesaxebaa
saubari da markizas RimiliT upasuxebs).
(322) _ zambinelas _ RimiliT ganvagrZe _ fexi fexze
urcxvad gadaedo da ancad arxevda. es iyo hercoginiebisT-
vis damaxasiaTebeli Wirveuli, magram macdunebeli sinaziT
savse poza. * zambinelas sikekluce, rasac cxadad miuTiTebs
gamoTqma _ fexifexgadadebuli; es aris qceva, romelic dag-
mobilia kargi manerebis kodis Tanaxmad da agebulia, rogorc
provokacia: maSasadame, misi funqcia TvalTmaqcobis war-
moCenaa (HER. gamocana 6: zambinelas mier sarazinisadmi mi-
marTuli tyuili).
(323) man Teatraluri Sesamoseli gaixada da gamouCnda
korsaJi, romelic mis werwet tans gamokveTda, xolo xabarda
da cisferi yvavilebiT moqarguliAatlasis kaba mis mSvenier
aRnagobas kidev ufro warmoaCenda. * sanam zambinela scenaze
iyo, misi qalis kostiumi erTgvarad Seefereboda papiseul
151
Teatris tradicias, magram Cveulebriv, yofiT cxovrebaSi
dabrunebuli momRerali tyuis, roca qalur iers inarCune-
bs: es aris nebayofilobiTi TvalTmaqcoba; bolos da bolos,
swored tansacmlis saSualebiT igebs sarazini simarTles
(466) da mxolod institucia (tansacmeli) karnaxobs mas, gaar-
Cios sqesi: tansacmlis mixedviT rom ar emsjela moqandakes,
is kvlav cocxali iqneboda (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mo-
tyueba zambinelas mier).
(324) momRerlis mkerdis silamaze metismeti sikekluciT
imaleboda maqmanebs miRma da damabrmavebeli siTeTriT elva-
rebda; kargad rom gavaanalizoT _ an ukeT davagemovnoT _
am frazis ase eSmakuri orazrovneba, saWiroa masSi gamoiyos
ori paralelurad arsebuli tyuili, TavianTi komunikaci-
uri mimarTulebebiT odnav gansxvavebulni. * sarazinisgan
zambinela Tavis mkerds malavs (es aris teqstis erTaderTi
miniSneba, romelic qalurobas anatomiuri TvalsazrisiT
gamoxatavs da ara kulturuliT); amave dros, zambinela
sarazinisgan mizezsac malavs, ris gamoc valdebuli iyo mk-
erdi mis TvalTagan daefara: damalvis saWiroeba miuTiTebs,
rom iq araferia; perversia ki isaa, rom es ararseboba ara-
sodes Seivseba (yalbi mkerdi uxeSi tyuilia), magram iniRbeba
arSiebiT, romlebic mkerdis gadaWarbebul sisavses malavs:
naklovaneba sesxulobs ara figuras, aramed tyuils (HER.
gamocana 6^: tyuili, zambinelas mier sarazinis motyueba). **
Tavad diskursi uxeSad cruobs: is miuTiTebs mkerdis sis-
ruleze (silamazeze), rogorc erTaderT dasamal obieqtze
da damalvis motivis miTiTebiT (sikekluce), mis ucilobel
arsebobas amtkicebs (yuradRebas amaxvilebs mizezze, raTa
Cveni yuradReba faqtidan gadaitanos) (HER. gamocana 6:
mkiTxvelis motyueba diskursis mier). *** ararsebuli mker-
di damabrmavebeli siTeTriT elvarebda: kastratis sxeul-
ze is warmoCenilia, rogorc naTlis kera, siwmindis sivrce
(SYM. ararsebulis siTeTre).
(325) daaxloebiT qalbaton diubariviT iyo davarcxnili;
misi saxe farTo Tavsaburavis qveS ufro natifi Canda, pudric
Zalian uxdeboda. SEM. qaluroba. ** REF. istoriuli kodi.
(326) aseTi mSvenieri momRerlis xilva, mis gaRmerTebas
niSnavda. * REF. siyvarulis kodi.
152
LXI. narcisuli sabuTi
Cveulebrivi WeSmariteba (literaturuli endoxa, romel-

sac yovel fexis nabijze amxels `cxovreba~) amtkicebs, rom
arsebobs erTgvari aucilebeli kavSiri silamazesa da siy-
varuls Soris (misi aseTi mdgomareobaSi naxva gaRmerTebis
tolfasi iyo). es kavSiri Tavis Zalebs siyvarulisgan ikrebs
(romaniseuli), TavisTavad kodificirebulia da saimedo
kods unda eyrdnobodes; amgvari kodi ki silamazea; Cven uk-
ve vnaxeT, rom es kodi referenciul Strixebs ar efuZneba:
silamaze ar SeiZleba aRiweros (da Tu aRweras daeqvemde-
bara, mxolod SejerebebiTa da tavtalogiebiT); mas ar aqvs
referentebi, Tumca ar akalia referenciebi (venera, sulT-
nis qaliSvili, rafaelis madonebi da a.S.) da es aris avto-
ritetebis siuxve, memkvidreobiT miRebuli sxvadasxva tipis
wera, adreuli modelebi, romlebic silamazes saimedo ko-
dad gardaqmnian. amitom siyvaruli, rasac silamaze iwvevs,
kulturis bunebriv wesebs daqvemdebarebuli aRmoCndeba:
kodebi erTiandebian, erTimeores eyrdnobian da iqmneba wre.
silamaze maiZulebs siyvaruls, da aseve, yvelaferi, rac miy-
vars, fatalurad lamazia. roca sarazini zambinelas pirda-
pir aRmerTebs, is samidan erT mtkicebulebas irCevs (nar-
cisuli, fsiqologiuri, esTetikuri), romelTac is mudmi-
vad gamoiyenebs, raTa kastratis sqesTan dakavSirebiT Tavi
moityuos: me maqvs safuZveli miyvardes, vinaidan is lamazia
da radganac miyvars (SeuZlebelia, rom me Sevcde), es niSnavs,
rom is qalia.
(327) man moqandakes macduneblad Sescina. * HER. gamocana
6: zambinelas mier sarazinis motyueba.
(328) sarazini, romelic ukmayofilo iyo imiT, rom zam-
binelasTan mowmeebis gareSe saubris saSualeba ar mieca, *
ACT. ìmedi~: 6: imedgacrueba (ganmeoreba).
(329) mis maxloblad Tavazianad dajda, saubari musika-
ze gauba, Tan xotbas asxamda mis talants, * ACT: ìmedi~: 7:
kompensireba (ganmeoreba) ** ACT. `saubari I~: 2 da 3: dajdoma
da saubari.
(330) magram siyvarulis, SiSisa da imedisagan xma uTrTo-
da. * ACT. ìmedi~: 8: imedis qona (ganmeoreba).
153
(331) _ risi geSiniaT? _ hkiTxa mas vitalianim, dasis yve-
laze cnobilma momReralma, _ damSviddiT! ATqven aq erTi
metoqec ki ar gyavT! _ tenorma es Tqva da gaiRima. bageebze
igive Rimili aesaxaT Tanameinaxeebsac, HER. `mistifikacia~:
5: mistifikaciaze miniSneba (mistifikatorTa jgufis Tanam-
zraxveloba). *HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki.
LXII. ekivoki I: ormagi gageba
`Tqven aq erTi metoqec ki ar gyavT~: #1. imitom, rom uyvar-

xarT (ase gaigo sarazinma), #2. vinaidan Tqven earSiyebiT ka-
strats (ase gaiges Tanamzraxelebma da SesaZlebelia ukve
mkiTxvelmac). moxmobil sityvebs jer aRviqvamT, rogorc
tyuils, meoris daxmarebiT ki ukve saudumlos exdeba far-
da. am ori sainformacio arxis erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTviT ya-
libdeba ekivoki. amgvarad, ekivoki aRmocendeba ori xmis sa-
SualebiT, romlebic TanabarmniSvnelovnad iTvleba. aq ori
sakomunikacio xazi, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ormagi gageba ga-
daikveTeba (sakmaod cxadad gamoxatuli), romlebic sityvaTa
TamaSis safuZvelSia da analizs mxolod erTi elementaru-
li mniSvnelobiT ar eqvemdebareba (ori aRsaniSni erTi aRmni-
SvnelisTvis); is ori adresatis gamoyofas moiTxovs; Tuki aq
ganxiluli SemTxvevisgan gansxvavebiT siuJeti amgvar adre-
satebs ar gulisxmobs, Tuki iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom sity-
vaTa TamaSi mxolod erT adamians miemarTeba (mag. mkiTxvels),
maSin Tavad es adamiani aris gayofili or subieqtad, or kul-
turad, or enad, aRqmis or sivrced (aqedan momdinareobs
tradiciuli sityvaTa TamaSisa da `SeSlilobis~ siaxlove;
orferi samosiT Semosili `suleli~ odesRac ormagi gagebis
funqcias asrulebda). idealurad wminda SetyobinebasTan
SedarebiT (iseTi, rogoric maTematikaSi xorcieldeba), ar-
xebis gayofis faqti iwvevs `xmaurs~. is ufskrulSi iTrevs
komunikacias, xdis yalbs, safrTxis Semqmnels, erTi sityviT,
cvalebads. amasTanave, es xmauri, es meryeoba, diskursis mier
komunikaciis mizniT warmoiqmneba: isini eZleva mkiTxvels,
raTa maTiT isazrdoos. rasac mkiTxveli kiTxulobs, es aris
kontr-komunikacia; Tu vifiqrebT imaze, rom sityvebis Ta-
154
maSi da ekivoki ormagi gagebis mxolod calkeuli SemTxvevebia,
romlebiTac _ sxvadasxva formiT da sixSiriT _ ganmsWva-
lulia mTeli klasikuri xanis mwerloba (misi polisemiuri
bunebis gamo), maSin davinaxavT, rom literaturis sxvadasxva
saxeebi warmogvidgeba, rogorc xmauris xelovneba; mkiTxveli
swored am nawilobriv komunikacias, naklovan Setyobinebas
moixmars; xolo struqturaciis procesSi mkiTxvels eZleva
Zvirfasi sakvebi _ kontr-komunikacia. mkiTxveli aRmoCn-
deba Tanamzraxveli ara ama Tu im personaJisa, aramed Tavad
diskursisa, im zomiT, rogoriTac is ganaxorcielebs aRqmis
gayofas, komunikaciis `dabinZurebas~: istoriis pozitiuri
gmiri aris diskursi da ara esa Tu is personaJi.
(332 romlebic eSmakurad cdilobdnen, rom Seyvarebuli
verafers mimxvdariyo. * erTi mxriv, siyvaruliT dabrmave-
bul sarazins stratagemis amoxsna ar xelewifeba: struq-
turulad es uTanaswordeba sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis
motyuebas; meore mxriv, dabrmavebis am faqtis dafiqsirebiT,
diskurss mkiTxveli gamocanis pasuxisken mihyavs da aRwers
mistifikacias, rogorc aseTs (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki). **
REF. Seyvarebuli (Tvalze bindgadakruli).
(333) Tavisi saidumlo siyvarulis gamJRavneba xanjali-
viT moulodnelad eZgera sarazinis guls. Tumca mas, Tavisi
Zlieri xasiaTidan gamomdinare, swamda, rom mis grZnobaze ga-
vlenas veraferi moaxdenda. * sarazinma tenoris Rimili mi-
iRo, rogorc ara eSmakobis, aramed TavSeukaveblobis niSani:
is sakuTar Tavs atyuebs (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier sa-
kuTari Tavisken mimarTuli tyuili). ** SEM. energia.
(334) moqandakes SeiZleba erTxelac ar ufiqria, rom
zambinela TiTqmis kurtizani iyo * sarazinis daudevaroba
(raSic eqosaviT meordeba is àmqveyniuri saqmeebisgan Camo-
Soreba~, rasac mas buSardoni Caagonebda) sakuTari Tavis
motyuebis winapirobad iqceva: zambinelasgan kurtizanis
Seqmna misi qalurobis aRiarebas niSnavs, mis socialur
mdgomareobaSi eWvis Setana ki zambinelas sqesTan dakavSi-
rebiT eWvebisgan Tavis daRwevas (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis
mier sakuTari Tavis motyueba).
(335) da verasodes SeZlebda, erTdroulad damtkbariyo
im wminda netarebiTac, axalgazrda qalis saamo siyvaruli
155
rom ganiWebs da im cecxlovani vnebiTac, Teatris msaxiobi qa-
lis siyvarulisTvis rom unda gaiRo. * REF. qalTa paradigma:
axalgazrda qali/kurtizani.
(336) is Cafiqrda da beds damorCilda. * ACT. ìmedi~: 9:
kompensacia (damorCileba).
(337) vaxSami Semoitanes. * ACT. `Rreoba~: 3: vaxSami.
(338) sarazini da zambinela, zedmeti ceremonialis gare-
Se, gverdigverd dasxdnen (* ACT. `saubari II~: 1: gverdigverd
dajdoma).
(339) Sua nadimamde msaxiobebi zomierebas iCendnen * ACT.
Rreoba: 4: wynari dasawyisi.
(340) da moqandakes momReralTan saubari SeeZlo. * ACT.
`saubari II~: 2: laparakis gabma.
(341) is mixvda, rom zambinela Wkviani da daxvewili, * SEM.
gonebrivi ganviTareba. es evfemisturi da konformistuli
sema, romelic zambinelas saxasiaTo dafaze erTgvari hapax-
ia, saSualebas iZleva Seasustos Sokismomgvreli efeqti, ro-
melic SeiZleboda uWkuo qalis saxes gamoewvia.
(342) Tumca gansacvifreblad umecari, * zambinelas
umecreba Seesabameba mis fizikur moumwifeblobas (SEM.
moumwifebloba).
(343) susti nebisyofisa da crumorwmune iyo. * sisuste da
crumorwmunoeba sulmokleobas da simxdales ukavSirdeba
(SEM. sulmokleoba).
(344) misi agebulebis simyife erTgvarad mis msoflxed-
vazec irekleboda. * Tuki zambinelas àgebulebad~ mis vo-
kalur monacemebs miviCnevT, yvelaferi saidumlod darCeba,
magram Tu mis sqesobriv niSnebze visaubrebT, yvelaferi
cxadi gaxdeba: maSasadame, Cven winaSea ormagi gageba (HER.
gamocana 6: ekivoki). ** REF. fsiqo-fiziologiuri kodi: fi-
zikuri naklovaneba da gonebrivi sisuste.
(345) roca vitalianim pirveli Sampanuris boTli gaxsna, *
ACT. `Rreoba~: 5: `Rvino~.
(346) sacobis amovardniT gamowveuli xmauris gamo sara-
zinma Tavisi mezoblis TvalebSi cxoveli SiSi amoikiTxa.*
HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavisken mimarTuli
tyuili (SiSi _ qalurobis damadasturebelia: sarazini Ta-
vis mosatyueblad fsiqologiur mtkicebulebebs iyenebs).
156
LXIII. fsiqologiuri mtkicebuleba
Sampanuris gaxsnis epizodi zambinelas simxdales adas-
turebs, xolo zambinelas simxdale _ misi qalurobis mtki-
cebulebaa. amgvarad, sarazinis tyuili erTi mtkicebule-
bidan meorisken moZraobs. am mtkicebulebebidan zogierTi
induqciuria da uZveles ritorikul RvTaebas _ exemplum-s
efuZneba: zogierTi naratiuli epizodidan (Sampanuris, Sem-
deg gvelis) gamomdinareobs saxasiaTo Strixebi (an, ufro
zustad, epizodi igeba imisTvis, rom daixatos xasiaTi), zo-
gierTis buneba ki deduqciuria: eseni arasrulyofili si-
logizmebi, entimemebia (mankierni, arasrulni Tu, ubralod,
damajerebelni), romelTa mixedviTac, yvela qali mSiSaraa;
maSasadame, zambinela qalia. es ori logikuri sistema erT-
maneTSi ireva: exemplum-i saSualebas iZleva, Camoayalibos
silogizmis mcire gzavnili; zambinelas amavardnili sacobis
eSinia, maSasadame, zambinela qalia. rac Seexeba did gzavnils,
is Cndeba xan narcisul garemoSi (qali gasaRmerTebelia), xan
fsiqologiurSi (qali mSiSaraa), xan esTetikurSi (qali la-
mazia); didi gzavnilis safuZvelSi devs ara mecnieruli We-
Smariteba, aramed (entimemis gansazRvrebasTan sruli Sesaba-
misobiT) gansxvavebuli mosazreba, endoxa. amgvarad, sarazinis
tyuilebi, romelTac is Tavisken mimarTavs, ufro socia-
luri diskursis mieraa Camoyalibebuli: socialur atmo-
sferoSi sruliad CaZiruli subieqti misgan iRebs rogorc
akrZalvebs, aseve alibebs, erTi sityviT, sakuTar sibrmave-
sac da SeiZleba sakuTar sikvdilsac _ vinaidan is sakuTari
Tavis motyuebis Sedegad kvdeba. amasTan, wminda socialuri
diskursi _ fsiqologia _ momakvdinebeli enis saxiT vlin-
deba, romelsac subieqti saboloo kastraciamde mihyavs (am
sityviT induqciuri exemplum-i da deduqciuri silogizmi
gvsurda gagveerTianebina).
(347) misi qaluri agebulebis es uneburi krToma Seyvare-
bulma xelovanma gadaWarbebul mgrZnobelobas miawera. am
sisustem frangi moxibla. * SEM. simxdale (SiSi, qaluroba).
** Tuki qalur agebulebas sityvasityviT gavigebT, maSin is
tyuilia, Tu metaforulad _ maSin is gamocanis amocnobam-
de migviyvans (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki).
157
(348) mamakacis siyvaruli yovelTvis gulisxmobs qalis
mfarvelobis survils! àmieridan SegiZliaT Cemi Zalis imedi
gqondeT da mas fariviT amoefaroT!~ _ es fraza xom siyvaru-
lis yovel ganacxads fonad gasdevs? * HER. andazuri kodi:
siyvaruli.
(349) sarazini Zalian mondomebuli iyo, rom Tavisi lamazi
italieli qaTinaurebiT Seemko, magram ise iqceoda, rogorc
yvela Seyvarebuli _ xan seriozuli iyo, xan mxiaruli, xanac
_ daZabuli. * REF. Seyvarebulis fsiqologia.
(350) erTi SexedviT, ise Canda, TiTqos iq myofTa saubars
guldasmiT usmenda, magram arc erTi warmoTqmuli sityva ar
esmoda, imdenad did siamovnebas aniWebda mis gverdiT yofna,
misi xelis Sexeba, mis mimarT yuradRebis gamoCena. is idumali
siyvaruliT iyo savse. * REF. siyvaruli: qceva da grZnobebi.
(351) mravlismetyvel mzeraTa gacvlis miuxedavad, * `mra-
vlismetyvel mzeraTa gacvla~ ormxrivi siyvarulis niSania.
Tumca, struqturuli TvalsazrisiT, sarazinis grZnobebi
araarsebiTia, vinaidan is ukve didi xania, rac CarTulia di-
skurSi da araferi icvleba; erTaderTi mniSvnelovani zam-
binelas mier gamoxatuli Tanxmobaa da esec TvalTmaqcobaa
(HER. gamocana 6: zambinels mier sarazinis motyueba).
(352) moqandake gaaoca im TavSekavebam, rasac zambinela
mis mimarT iCenda. * sarazini cota ufro metad rom `gaoce-
buliyo~, WeSmaritebasac amoicnobda; amgvarad, es `gaoceba~
(gamocanis) arasruli gamocnobaa da mas sarazini sakuTari
Tavisken mimarTavs (HER. gamocana 6: nawilobrivi gamocnoba,
romelsac sarazini sakuTari Tavisken mimarTavs).
(353) Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom pirvelma man daiwyo sara-
zinisTvis fexis msubuqad dabijeba da Tavisufali da Seyva-
rebuli qalisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xrikebiT gaRizianeba; *
HER. gamocana 6: zambinelas mier sarazinis motyueba. ** REF.
qalTa tipologia.
(354) magram roca sarazinma saubarSi sakuTari cxovre-
bidan erTi epizodi axsena, rac mis TavSeukaveblobaze miu-
TiTebda, * SEM. sificxe (gadaWarbeba). * zambinelas simxdale
(misi qalurobis logikuri wyaro) warmoCenilia ramdenime
magaliTiT (Sampanuri, gveli) da, aseve, Tavad sarazinis mier
158
gamovlenili aqtiuri qmedebebiT. amgvarad, es sema opera-
ciul mniSvnelobas iRebs (imis miuxedavad, rom es ieriSebi
Tavidan zambinelas winaaRmdeg ar yofila mimarTuli); is
grZeli TxrobiTi mimdevrobis elementad iqceva (`safrT-
xe~), romelsac Tan axlavs muqara da romlis obieqtic zam-
binelaa. es yvelaferi grZeldeba iqamde, sanam mistifikacia
ar gamJRavndeba da momRerals sarazinis xeliT sikvdili ar
daemuqreba. muqaraSi gadazrdili es SiSi finaluri krizisis
mauwyebelia (ACT. `safrTxe~: 1: Zaladobis aqti, rogorc saSi-
Si xasiaTis niSani).
(355) is uecrad qalwulebrivi mokrZalebulobiT Seimo-
sa. * REF. qalTa tipologia. ** zambinelas mier gamoCenili
yovelgvari sifrTxile (SiSi Tu sindisis qenjna), nebismier
SemTxvevaSi, intrigis SeCerebis tolfasia da gamocanis gaxs-
nis dasawyisze miuTiTebs; Tumca, aqac SeuZlebelia vTqvaT,
saidan modis mocemuli Setyobineba _ zambinelasgan Tu di-
skursisgan da vis miemarTeba is _ mkiTxvels Tu sarazins: is
ar aris lokalizebuli, rac kidev erTxel gviCvenebs, rom we-
ras sakuTar miznebTan dakavSirebiT absoluturi dumilis
SeinarCuneba SeuZlia; pirdapir rom vTqvaT, es kontr-komu-
nikacia, `kakografiaa~ (HER. gamocana 6: nawilobrivi gamocnoba).
(356) roca vaxSami RreobaSi gadaizarda, * ACT. `Rreoba~:
6: Rreobis saxeldeba (saubaria ritorikul, Tavisi arsiT sa-
xeldebul anonsze: dikursi saxeldebs garkveul erTobas,
romelic Semdgom detalizacias eqvemdebareba).
(357) malagiTa da SeriT SezarxoSebulebma sazogadoebam
simRera wamoiwyo. isini mSvenier duetebs, kalabriul simRe-
rebs, espanur segidiliebs, neapolitanur kanconetebs asru-
lebdnen. * ACT. `Rreoba~: 7: simRera.
(358) simTvrale iRvreboda iq myofTa Tvalebidan, ismoda
musikaSi, gulebSi, xmaSi. uecrad sicocxliT savse mxiarule-
bam, moWarbebulma gulwrfelobam da italiurma sixalasem
amoxeTqa, * ACT. `Rreoba~: 8: grZnobebs ayola (saxeldebuli
anonsi).
(359) romlis Sesaxeb warmodgenac ki ar aqvT maT, vinc mxo-
lod parizul wveulebebs, londonur mejlisebsa Tu vene-
ciuri maRali wris saRamoebs icnobs. * REF. maRali wre.
159
(360) xumroba da sasiyvarulo sityvebi erTmaneTs ere-
oda, rogorc tyviebi omis dros da es yvelaferi sicilSi,
mkrexelur gamonaTqvamebSi, wminda qalwulisa Tu al Bam-
bino-s mimarT aRvlenil sagaloblebSi ikargeboda. * ACT.
`Rreoba~: 9: grZnobebs ayola (1): SeuzRudavi saubari. ** REF.
italiuroba (al Bambino).
(361) viRacas taxtze wamowolils daeZina. * ACT. `Rreo-
ba~: 10: nebas damorCileba (2): Zili.
(362) axalgazrda qali siyvarulis axsnas ismenda da verc
ki amCnevda, xeresis Rvino xaliCaze rogor eRvreboda. * ACT.
`Rreoba~: 1: nebas damorCileba (3): Rvinis daRvra (es Jesti
axalgazrda qalis qcevis kods ar Seesabameba da amgvari Se-
usabamoba kidev ufro amZafrebs qaoss).
(363) am areulobaSi, * ACT. `Rreoba~: 12: grZnobaTa ayo-
la (denominaciuri ganmeoreba). nebis Tavisufleba, Rreobis
fragmenti, ritorikuladaa agebuli: anonsi, sami komponen-
ti, ganmeoreba.
(364) mxolod Cafiqrebuli zambinela ijda Tavzardace-
muliviT. man sasmelze uari Tqva, * ACT. `safrTxe~: 2: msxverp-
lis SiSi.
LXIV. mkiTxvelis xma

...TavzardacemuliviT: vin laparakobs aq? SeuZlebelia
es xma, Tundac iribad, sarazins ekuTvnodes, vinaidan zam-
binelas SiSs mis mier gamovlenil simorcxved aRiqvams. ase-
ve, es xma SeuZlebelia ekuTvnodes saxeldobr mTxrobels,
vinaidan man icis, rom zambinela marTlac Tavzardacemu-
lia. modalizacia (viT) mxolod erTi personaJis interesebs
gamoxatavs da es personaJi aris ara sarazini, ara mTxrobe-
li, aramed Tavad mkiTxveli. mis interesSia, rom WeSmarite-
ba, erTsa da imave dros, saxeldebulic iyos da dafarulic,
rac orazrovnebas Seqmnis da rac diskursSi Tandebul viT-is
daxmarebiT kargad xorcieldeba. is miuTiTebs WeSmaritebas
da mainc deklaraciulad mivyavarT ubralo albaTobamde.
amgvarad, is, rac aq gvesmis, aris gadaadgilebuli xma, romel-
sac mkiTxveli diskurss miandobs, e.i. diskursi mkiTxvelis
interesis gaTvaliswinebiT laparakobs. aqedan cxadia, rom
160
gzavnili arc avtorisgan Setyobinebis gagzavnaa da arc mki-
Txvelisgan misi miReba; es aris Tavad kiTxvis specifikuri
xma: teqstSi laparakobs mxolod erTi _ mkiTxveli.
Cveni crurwmenebis es amoyiraveba (rac kiTxvas recef-
ciul aqtad gardaqmnis an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, mas moTx-
robil TavgadasavalSi ubralo fsiqologiuri Tanamonawi-
leobis aqtad ganixilavs) SeiZleba lingvisturi magaliTis
saSualebiT vaCvenoT: indoevropul zmnaSi (mag. berZnulSi)
erTmaneTs upirispirdeboda ori diaTeza (ufro zustad:
ori gvari): saSuali gvari, romlis mixedviTac, subieqtisgan
momdinare moqmedeba sakuTari Taviskenaa mimarTuli (me vwi-
rav msxverpls CemTvis) da moqmedebiTi gvari, romlis mixed-
viTac igive moqmedeba sxvisTvis aResruleba (mag. sasuliero
piri msxverplSewirvas asrulebs mrevlisaTvis). am Tvalsa-
zrisiT, wera aqtiuria, vinaidan is mkiTxvelis interesebi-
sTvis moqmedebs: is avtoriviT ki ar iqceva, aramed notariu-
siviT, romlis sazogado funqcia ara klientis gemovnebis
dakmayofileba, aramed misi karnaxiT, SemkveTis interesebis
dacviT nusxis Sedgenaa; msgavsi operaciis daxmarebiT _ far-
dis axdis procesis farglebSi _ mkiTxveli ganagebs nawarms,
romelsac TxrobiTi teqsti ewodeba.
(365) samagierod, mgoni zomaze meti Wama; magram gurmano-
ba, rogorc amboben, mimzidvelobasac ki hmatebs mandilo-
sans. * REF. qalebis kodi (isini gurmanebi arian). gurmanoba
qalurobis sabuTia, rogorc is, rom igi mSiSaraa; es qalu-
robis fsiqologiuri mtkicebulebaa (HER. gamocana 6: tyu-
ili: sarazini sakuTar Tavs atyuebs? Tu diskursi atyuebs
mkiTxvels?)
(366) Tavisi satrfos sibrZniT aRfrTovanebuli * sarazi-
ni Tavs ityuebs da SiSs gonierebad gardaqmnis (HER. gamocana
6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis motyueba).
(367) sarazini seriozulad dafiqrda momavalze. `mas
unda, rom Cemze daqorwindes~, _ eubneboda sakuTar Tavs da
am qorwinebaze ocnebebiT ivseboda. egona, rom mTeli cxov-
reba ver amowuravda im bednierebas, romelic misi sulis
siRrmeSi imaleboda. * Tavdapirvelad, sarazinis mier Tavis
motyueba mcdar nominaciasTanaa dakavSirebuli (goniereba
161
SiSis nacvlad), mxolod amis Semdeg gadadis metonimiurad
qcevis mamoZravebel motivebze, rac, Tavis mxriv, burJu-
aziul sazogadoebaSi qorwinebis damaregulirebel kodzea
damokidebuli (Tuki qali uars eubneba mamakacs, es niSnavs,
rom masTan SeuRleba unda) (HER. gamocana 6, sarazinis mi-
er Tavis motyueba). ** REF. SeyvarebulTa fantaziebi.
(368) misi Tanameinaxe vitaliani ki ise xSirad usxamda sas-
mels, rom dilis sami saaTisTvis, sarazinma, * ACT. `mistifi-
kacia~: 6: msxverplis daTroba.
(369) jer kidev arcTu ise mTvralma, halucinaciebTan
gamklavebis Zala dakarga. * aq iwyeba moklevadiani `mota-
ceba~, rac finaluri `motacebisgan~ unda ganvasxvaoT (ACT.
`motaceba~: gamtaceblis moqmedebisTvis mzaoba) (es gataceba
aris `siSmagis~ Sedegi, patara acting out-i).
(370) siSmagis Semotevisas man qali gaitaca * ACT. `gata-
ceba~: 3: msxverplis motaceba.
(371) da im patara buduarSi Seiyvana, romelic darbazs ka-
riT ukavSirdeboda * ACT. `gataceba~: adgilis gamocvla.
(372) da romelzec manamdec araerTxel SeaCera mzera. *
ACT. `gataceba~: 4: gatacebis winaswar Cafiqreba.
(373) italieli qali xanjliT iyo SeiaraRebuli.
_ Tu momiaxlovdebi, _ uTxra man, _ iZulebuli gav-
xdebi, xanjali Cagce mkerdSi! * ACT. `gataceba~: 5: msxverpli
Tavs iaraRiT icavs. ** zambinela icavs ara Tavis saTnoebas,
aramed tyuils; amiT igi miuTiTebs WeSmaritebaze, xolo qme-
debiT _ mianiSnebs. magram sarazini am saqciels kurtizanis
angariSianobas miawers. is Tavs ityuebs: miniSneba da sibrma-
ve ayalibebs ekivoks (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki). *** diskursi
TiTqos zambinelas sakuTar weras uTmobs (iZulebuli ga-
vxdebi); gramatikuli SeTanxmebis wyalobiT (mdedrobiTi sqe-
si – mTargm.), is tyuilis Tanamonawiled gardaiqmneba (HER.
gamocana 6: diskursi atyuebs mkiTxvels). **** zambinela sa-
razins dasaxiCrebiT emuqreba, rasac bolos aRasrulebs ki-
dec: Senamde damamdable; #№526 (SYM. kastracia, dana).
(374) wadi! vici, rom mainc SemizizReb; imden pativs gcem,
rom aq ar dagnebde. ar minda, Seni grZnoba Seuracxvyo *
HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki (zambinelas mier moxmobili mizezi
162
SeiZleba iyos taqtika an gulwrfeloba) ** qalTa Rirseba,
pativiscema, magram ara siyvaruli da a.S.
(375) _ ah! _ wamoiyvira sarazinma, _ cudi saSualeba ga-
moZebne im vnebis cecxlis Casaqrobad, romelsac ganzrax aR-
viveb. * REF. fsiqologia da vnebebis strategia.
(376) nuTu imdenad garyvnili xar, rom axalgazrda, mag-
ram ukve gulgamomSrali kurtizaniviT moiqcevi, romelic
metis gamorCenis mizniT mamakacis grZnobebze TamaSobs? *
REF. qalTa tipologia (kurtizani). ** HER. gamocana 6: sara-
zinis mier Tavis motyueba (sarazini Tavs ityuebs zambinelas
ganzraxvebiT).
LXV. `scena~
zambinela da sarazini replikebs cvlian. TiToeuli rep-

lika tyuilisa Tu SecdomaSi Seyvanis nayofia da esa Tu is
kodi TiToeuli Secdomis gamarTlebas emsaxureba: qalTa
Rirseba pasuxobs qalTa tipologias: personaJebi TiTqos
erTmaneTisken isvrian kodebs da kodebis es gacvla `scenas~
qmnis. amave dros, cxaddeba mniSvnelobis buneba: mniSvnelo-
ba aris Zala, romelic sxva Zalebis, azrebisa da enebis daq-
vemdebarebisken iswrafvis. mniSvnelobis cxovelmyofelo-
ba misi sistematizaciis xarisxzea damokidebuli: yvelaze
Zlieri mniSvneloba aris is, romlis sistematizacias uamra-
vi elementis mocva da iseTi STabeWdilebis Seqmna SeuZlia,
TiTqos mTel saxeldebul samyaros faravs: swored mniSvne-
lobebis saSualebiT ebrZvian erTmaneTs didi ideologiuri
sistemebi. aseTi brZolis modeli ki yovelTvis `scenaa~, rac
sxva araferia Tu ara ori gansxvavebuli kodis dausrulebe-
li dapirispireba, romlebsac erTmaneTTan mxolod Sexebis,
TavianTi sazRvrebis SeTanxmebis gziT aqvT urTierToba (esaa
_ replikebis gacvla, stiqomiTia). sazogadoeba, romelic
samyaros enobriv bunebas SeigrZnobs, rogorc, magaliTad,
Suasaukuneebis sazogadoebis SemTxvevaSi iyo, misi sityvi-
eri xelovnebis triviumiT, rac gulisxmobda, rom enaTa da-
pirispireba WeSmaritebis miRwevis gziT ki ar wydeba, aramed
erTis Zalismieri gamarjvebiT meoreze; amgvar sazogadoe-
163
bas, Tuki misTvis ucxo araa TamaSis suliskveTeba, SeuZlia
am ZalisTvis formaluri gamosavlis micema da am gziT misi
kodificireba: aq saubaria disputatio-s _ termebis momcveli
`gansjis~ Sesaxeb, romlebsac replikebis dausrulebeli gac-
vla-gamocvlis dasruleba _ SemTxveviTi, magram aucilebe-
li _ SeuZliaT. arsebiTad, es iyo erTgvari `terminemebi~, ga-
grZelebis uarmyofeli niSnebi, romlebic TamaSis dasasrul-
ze miuTiTebdnen da romelSic sxvadasxva ena iyo Cabmuli.
(377) _ ki magram, dRes xom paraskevia, _ upasuxa man, *
SEM. crumorwmuneoba (mSiSroba, simxdale).
(378) frangis TavSeukaveblobiT SeSinebulma. * ACT. `SiSi~:
3: msxverplis axali SiSi.
(379) sarazins, romelic RvTismosavi ar iyo, am sityveb-
ma sicili mohgvara. * SEM. uRmerToba. sarazinis uRmerTo-
ba paradigmatulad zambinelas crumorwmuneobas Seesabame-
ba: es paradigma tragikulobiT aris (da iqneba) aRbeWdili:
mxdali arseba Tavis naklovanebas gadascems mamakacs, simbo-
luri figura Zlier suls bilwavs.
(380) zambinela SveliviT Sexta * ACT: motaceba: 6: msxver-
plis gaqceva.
(381) da sadResaswaulo darbazSi gavarda. * ACT. `mota-
ceba~: 7: adgilis Secvla (simetriuli da imis sawinaaRmdego,
rac #№371-Si moxda).
(382) dadevnebul sarazins * ACT. `motaceba~: 8: gakideba.
(383) saSineli siciliT Seegebnen. * HER. `mistifikacia~:
7: sicili strategemis warmatebaze miuTiTebs (koleqtiuri
sicili mistifikaciis mamoZravebelia: Tqvens motyuebaze
mxolod imitom davTanxmdi, rom megobrebis guli momego,
romelTac garToba surdaT. #№512).
(384) man dainaxa savarZelze misvenebuli zambinela, ro-
melic axlaxans gancdili daZabulobis gamo ferdakarguli
da Ronemixdili iyo. * SEM. sisuste, sulmokleoba, simxdale,
qaluroba).
(385) sarazins italiuri cudad esmoda, * REF. qronologia
(es mokle SeniSvna sarazinis mier romSi gatarebuli dReebis
aRricxvas iTvaliswinebs: Rreobamde sami kvira).
164
LXVI. mkiTxveliseuli teqsti I:
`yvelaferi SesabamisobaSia~
saWiroa (damajerebeli), rom sarazins italiuri esmo-

des, vinaidan satrfos replikam is unda SeakrTos da bod-
va Seawyvetinos; magram aranakleb saWiroa (damajerebeli),
rom cudad icodes, radgan mxolod 24 dRea, rac italiaSia
(es qronologiuri kodidan gamomdinare viciT); sarazins iq
didi dro ar unda gaetarebina, radgan ar unda icodes romis
adaT-wesebi, sadac scenaze kastratebi gamodian; am kanonebis
ignorireba ki saWiroa imitom, rom ver daadginos zambinelas
vinaoba da a.S. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, diskursi zedmiwevniT
Caketilia solidarulobebis erTgvar wreSi da es wre, sadac
`yvelaferi kavSirSia~, aris mkiTxveliseuli teqstis wre. mki-
Txveliseuli teqsti, rogorc mosalodnelia, marTulia ara-
winaaRmdegobrivi principiT, magram solidarulobebis ri-
cxvis gamravlebiT, yovel jerze gansxvavebul garemoebaTa
SeuTavseblobis aRniSvniT, relatiuri movlenebis logikis
erTgvari `weboTi~ dakavSirebiT. diskurss es principi akvia-
tebamde mihyavs; is frTxil da undo adamians emsgavseba, ro-
melsac eSinia, rom moulodnelad misi danaSauli gamoaSkara-
vdeba; aseTi adamiani gamudmebiT uTvalTvalebs da emzadeba,
Tavi daicvas mtris moulodneli Semotevisgan, romelic mas
aiZulebs, cnos ulogikobis sircxvili, `saR azrTan~ dapi-
rispireba. pirobiTi niSnebis solidaroba Tavdacvis iaraRi
aRmoCndeba, rac Tvisobrivad daamtkicebs, rom mniSvneloba
aris Zala da is ZalTa balansis wiaRSi warmoiqmneba.
(386) magram mainc gaigo, misi satrfo rogor eCurCule-
boda vitalianis:
_ SeiZleba momklas! * REF. `mistifikacia~: 8: wamqeze-
belsa da mistifikaciis aRmsrulebels Soris Tanamzraxvlo-
bis miniSneba. ** ACT. `safrTxe~: msxverplis mier safrTxis
winaTgrZnoba.
(387) am ucnaurma scenam moqandake sruliad daabnia. gons
moego; Tavidan uZravad idga; Semdeg sityvebi moZebna, sat-
rfos miujda da arwmunebda, rom mas did pativs scemda. bo-
los vnebis Sekavebac moaxerxa da qals mgznebare sityvebiT
165
mimarTa; imis gamosaxatavad, Tu rogor uyvarda, fexqveS
da-ufina (...) * ACT. `gataceba~: 9: gatacebis warumatebloba,
adrindel wesrigSi dabruneba.
(388) Tavisi magiuri mWevrmetyvelebis mTeli simdidre, *
REF. vnebis kodi.
(389) raSic qalebs iSviaTad SeaqvT eWvi. * REF. qalTa
fsiqologia.
(390) dilis pirveli sxivebis gamoCenisTanave, erTma qal-
ma Tanameinaxeebs moulodnelad fraskatiSi wasvla SesTava-
za. * ACT. `gaseirneba~: 1: SeTavazeba. ** ACT. `Rreoba~: 13: Rre-
obis dasasruli (ganTiadi).
LXVII. rogor momzadda Rreoba

viRac _ ara mkiTxveli, aramed personaJi (mocemul Sem-
TxvevaSi sarazini) _ nel-nela uaxlovdeba Rreobis adgils,
rasac xmaurisa da sinaTlis nakadis wyalobiT xvdeba: es aris
siuJetidan momdinare miTiTeba da im fizikuri miniSnebebis
analogiuria, romlebic saSualebas iZleva winaswar gani-
sazRvros moaxloebuli qariSxali, miwisZvra: Cven winaSea
Rreobis namdvili istoria; Semdeg Rreobis Sesaxeb TviT di-
skursi acxadebs: is saxeldebulia; saxeldeba, yovelgvari
nominaciuri ganzogadebis msgavsad (magaliTad, Tavis saxel-
deba), gulisxmobs, rom Rreoba unda gaanalizdes, gamoiyos
misi Semadgeneli elementebi da aRsaniSnebi: Cven Rreobis
ritorikis garemocvaSi varT. Rreobis es nawilebi stereo-
tipuli qmedebebia, romlebic gamocdilebaTa ganmeorebidan
momdinareobs (vaxSami, Sampanuris gaxsna, simRera, Tavisufa-
li qceva): es ki Rreobis empirikaa. metic, Rreobis esa Tu is
monakveTi, romelic zogadi saxeliT _ qcevis Tavisuflebi-
Taa warmodgenili, Tavad Rreobisgan gansxvavebiT, SeiZleba
saerTodac ar gaanalizdes, magram moxdes misi ilustracia
raRac saxasiaTo qcevebiT (Tvlema, Rvinis daRvra): Cven wi-
naSea Rreobis induqciuri logika (magaliTebis bazaze). da-
bolos, Rreoba wynardeba, dasasruls uaxlovdeba: axla ukve
orgiis fizikaSi vimyofebiT. is, rasac proairetikul kods
vuwodebT, Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva kodisgan Sedgeba, romle-
bic gansxvavebuli codnis safuZvelzea Camoyalibebuli. rac
166
ar unda bunebrivi, logikuri, xazovani gveCvenebodes qme-
debebis mimdevroba, is ar eqvemdebareba erT romelime wess;
garda imisa, rom mas SeuZlia gare faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT
sxvadasxva mxares `gadauxvios~ (Cvens SemTxvevaSi zambinelas
motaceba, rac warumatebeli aRmoCnda), is aseve arRvevs yve-
la saxis codnas, wesrigs, kods: saubaria perspeqtiul sivr-
ceze: diskursis materialuroba aris TvalTaxedva, kodebi
_ moZraobis wertilebi, Tavad referenti (Rreoba) _ Car-
CoSi Casmuli gamosaxuleba.
(391) yvela sixarulis yiJiniT miesalma ludovizis vi-
laSi dRis gatarebis ideas. * ACT. `gaseirneba~: 2: saerTo
Tanxmoba.
(392) vitaliani etlebis dasaqiraveblad wavida, * ACT. `ga-
seirneba~: 3: gadasaadgilebeli saSualebis qiraoba.
(393) sarazins zambinelas faetoniT wayvana xvda wilad. *
ACT. `sasiyvarulo gaseirneba~ 1: erTad yofna (erT gadasaad-
gilebel saSualebaSi, faetonSi).
(394) ukve romidan gadiodnen, roca boboqari Ramis gamo
droebiT CaxSobilma mxiarulebam isev ifeTqa. es adamianebi
_ mamakacebi da qalebi, rogorc Cans, miCveulni iyvnen am uc-
naur, usasrulo siamovnebiT aRsavse cxovrebasa da vnebebis
monobas, rac maT yofas erT dausrulebel dResaswaulad,
uzrunvel mxiarulebad gardaqmnida. * ACT. `gaseirneba~: 4:
saerTo mxiaruleba. ** REF. artistis mxiarulebiT savse, bo-
hemuri cxovreba.
(395) mxolod sarazinis Tanamgzavri Canda Ronemixdili.
_ avad xarT? _ hkiTxa sarazinma, _ Sin dabruneba xom ar
gsurT?
_ arc imdenad Zlieri var, rom amden TavaSvebulobas ga-
vuZlo, _ upasuxa man, _ Tavi unda davzogo. * ACT. `safrTxe~:
5: akviatebuli SiSi. ** sarazini isev Tavs ityuebs: Tavidan
man zambinelas winaaRmdegoba miiRo, rogorc goniereba Tu
keklucoba, axla ki misi Ronemixdiloba avadmyofobas miawe-
ra (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis motyueba)
*** zambinelas pasuxi tyuilia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi daR-
liloba Rreobis Sedegia da WeSmariteba, Tuki avadmyofuri
ieri SiSma gamoiwvia; tyuilia, Tu misi simxdale miewereba mis
qalurobas da WeSmaritebaa, Tu am yvelafers kastraciasTan
167
aqvs kavSiri: aq gvaqvs orgvari gageba (HER. gamocana 6: eki-
voki) **** ACT. `sasiyvarulo gaseirneba~: 2: oris saubari.
(396) Tumca Tqven gverdiT Tavs kargad vgrZnob! Tqven rom
ara, am vaxSamze arc davrCebodi. * aq ismis ori damajerebe-
li xma, rac orgvarad SeiZleba gavigoT: 1) operaciuli
damajerebloba amtkicebs, rom zambinela sarazinTan Sey-
varebuliviT Tu ara, megobrulad mainc saubrobs, raTa
masSi gafantos TamaSis eWvi, raSic CaiTries: am SemTxvevaSi
es tyuilia; 2) `fsiqologiuri~ damajerebloba, romlis
mixedviTac, àdamianis ganwyobis winaaRmdegobebs~ Tavisi
logika aqvs da SegviZlia amaSi zambinelas gulwrfeloba
davinaxoT, rac TaRliTobis droebiTi Sewyvetas iTvalis-
winebs (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki). ** daculobis SegrZneba
niSnavs: yvelaferi, seqsis garda; magram am TxovnaSi seqsi,
rogorc aseTi, ar Cans (SYM. dacva, seqsisgan Tavisufali: am
Temas kidev davubrundebiT).
(397) uZilo Ramis gamo mxneoba sruliad davkarge.
_ rogori saTuTi xarT! _ ganagrZo am momxibvleli qmni-
lebis nazi nakvTebiT aRfrTovanebulma sarazinma.
_ Rreobebi xmas mizianebs. * SEM. qaluroba.
(398) axla, roca martoni varT, _ wamoiZaxa xelovanma,
_ da Cemi moZalebuli vnebis ar unda geSinodeT, miTxariT,
rom giyvarvarT! L * ACT. `siyvarulis gancxadeba~: 1: sapasuxo
aRiarebis Txovna.
L
LXVIII. wnuli
Txrobis am monakveTSi (Tumca SeiZleba sxvaganac yofi-

liyo) erTdroulad aris CarTuli araerTi samoqmedo jaWvi:
`safrTxe~, rasac zambinela grZnobs, `sikvdilis survili~,
rasac gmiri ganicdis, “siyvarulSi gamotydoma”, `sasiyvaru-
lo gaseirneba”, `mistifikacia~ da jgufTan erTad `gaseirne-
ba~; mTeli es jaWvi miiwevs win, xan Cerdeba, xan _ erTmaneTSi
ireva. teqsti, romelic TviTSeqmnis procesSia, valensiur
maqmans hgavs, romelic Cven winaSe memaqmanis TiTebis moZra-
obiT iqmneba: Txrobis yoveli èpizodi~, rogorc TiTistari,
Cerdeba im dros, rodesac moqmedebas ganagrZobs misi mezo-
168
beli; Semdeg, roca misi dro dgeba, xeli kvlav iRebs Zafs da
axvevs jaldaze; naxWis gamoCenisTanave, nemsi nel-nela inacv-
lebs win da amagrebs TiToeul Zafs. igive xdeba Txrobis Tan-
mimdevrulobis TiToeul elementTan dakavSirebiT: isini
arian poziciebi, romlebsac, winsvlis gzaze, mniSvneloba
jer ikavebs da Semdeg tovebs; es procesi teqstis mTel man-
Zilze viTardeba. rogorc ki kiTxvis procesSi kodebi erT-
vebian, isini qmnian wnuls (teqsti, qsovili da wnuli erTi da
igivea); TiToeuli Zafi, yoveli kodi, aris xma; es gadawnuli
xmebi ayalibeben nawers. marto darCenili xma ar monawileobs
saerTo saqmeSi, arafers gardaqmnis, is gamoxatavs. magram ro-
gorc ki xeli CaerTveba saqmeSi, raTa umoqmedo Zafebi Sekras
da erTmaneTs daukavSiros, samuSao grZeldeba, iwyeba tran-
sformaciebi. qsovis simboluri mniSvneloba kargad mogvex-
seneba: rodesac froidi qsovis warmoSobaze fiqrobda, masSi
qalis samuSaos xedavda, romelic Tavisi balniT peniss qso-
vda, romelic aklda. arsebiTad, teqsti aris fetiSi da misi
erTmniSvnelovnad wakiTxva an teqstis erTi azrisken wayvana
wnulis CaWras, kastraciis aRsrulebas niSnavs.
(399) _ ratom? _ upasuxa man, _ risTvis? * ACT. `gancxa-
deba~: 2: sapasuxo aRiarebisTvis Tavis arideba. ** zambinelas
pasuxi, rogorc uxerxulobis Semcveli yovelgvari gamoxat-
uleba, Tavs aridebs simarTlis Tqmas da, imavroulad, mi-
uTiTebs WeSmaritebaze (an, sul mcire, mianiSnebs gamocanis
arsebobaze) (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki).
(400) lamazi geCvenebiT, magram Tqven frangi xarT da
Tqveni grZnobebi male gaxundeba. * HER. gamocana 6: sarazini-
sken mimarTuli zambinelas tyuili (gadamiyvarebT, radgan
meryevi xarT, e.i. me namdvilad qali var). ** `gancxadeba~: 3:
siyvarulis SemoTavazebis uaryofis pirveli mizezi (siyvar-
uli cvalebadia). *** REF. xalxTa tipologia siyvarulisadmi
damokidebulebis mixedviT: frangi cvalebadia. **** HER. ga-
mocana 6: tyuili (diskursis mxridan: je vous ai semblé jolie (la-
mazi geCvenebiT) _ Jolie – lamazi _ mdedrobiT sqesSi. Sdr
№
# 373).
(401) ara! Tqven ise ar geyvarebiT, rogorc me minda.
_ miTxariT, rogor gindaT!
169
_ uxamsi miznebis, vnebebis gareSe, wmindad. * ACT. àRi-
areba~: 4: siyvarulis SemoTavazebaze uaris Tqmis meore mi-
zezi (Sesabamisi grZnobebis miRebis SeuZlebloba). ** SYM.
dacva, seqsisgan Tavisufali. *** SYM. kastraciis alibi: ga-
ugebroba. imis miuxedavad, Ggulwrfelia Tu ara zambinela (am
kiTxvas rom vupasuxoT, furclis miRma unda wavikiTxoT), igi
mainc cdilobs kastraciis (Tu gariyulobis) sublimirebas
da qalTa vergagebis didebuli da sevdiani motivi Semoaqvs.
igive motivs gamoiyenebs aseve q-ni de roSfildi, rogorc
ki is, mTxrobelis wyalobiT, kastraciul garemoSi CaerTve-
ba, ambobs: `veravin verasdros gamigebs! amiT vamayob~... #№560.
**** ùxamsi miznebis, vnebebis gareSe, wmindad~ _ aris eki-
voki, vinaidan oridan erTia: seqsis uaryofa dakavSirebu-
lia an fizikur naklTan (WeSmariteba) an es aris maRali ide-
alisken swrafviT ganpirobebuli TavSekaveba (tyuili) (HER.
gamocana 6: ekivoki).
(402) albaT mamakaci ufro metad mZuls, vidre qali. * SYM.
saWurisis neitraluri (ne-uter) arsi.
(403) megobroba mWirdeba... *SYM. Tavdacva, romelic seqss
gamoricxavs. **HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki (gulwrfeli grZnoba
an fandi, zustad gansazRvruli fandebiT).
(404) ��
samyaro udabnoa CemTvis. me var dawyevlili qmnile-
ba, ganwiruli imisTvis, rom bednierebis arsi mesmodes, Sevi-
grZnobde, msurdes da iZulebuli var, vuyurebde, Tu rogor
misxlteba igi xelidan nebismier wuTs, iseve rogorc bevri
sxva ram. * ACT. àRiareba~: 5: mesame mizezi siyvarulis Semo-
Tavazebis uarsayofad (normaluri emociebis SeuZlebloba).
** SYM. gariyuloba, dawyevliloba (ne-uter-ad wodebul siv-
rceSi yofna; saWurisi aRmoCndeba arseba, romelsac arsad
aqvs adgili: is gamoricxulia gansxvavebidan, antiTezidan:
is arRvevs ara sqesTa Soris sazRvars, aramed TviT klasifi-
kaciis princips). *** SYM. saWurisis evfemisturi definicia:
gamouvali survili. **** REF. moZRvruli kodi (bedniereba
gaurbis kacs).
(404) gaxsovdeT, batono, me Tqven ar mogatyuebT. * gra-
matikuli momavali dro miuTiTebs im periodze, rodesac
maqinacia gamJRavndeba: es aris winaswarmetyveleba da kvan-
170
Zis Sekvra (HER. `maqinacia~: 9: winaswar ganWvreta da kvanZis
Sekvra). ** HER. enigma 6: ekivoki. aq orazrovneba gulisxmobs
imas, rom zambinelas `gulwrfeloba~ imdenad zogad aRiare-
baSi vlindeba, rom is WeSmaritebasac moicavs, magram imde-
nad zogadia, rom am WeSmaritebaze miTiTeba SeuZlebelia.
LXIX. ekivoki II: metonimiuri tyuili

ekivoki (arcTu iSviaTad) aaSkaravebs sqess (je suis un être
exclu _ me dawyevlili qmnileba var _ ambobs zambinela; fran-
guli un être _ (qmnileba) warmodgenilia mamrobiTi sqesiT)
da Tavis saxes Cqmalavs (me var kastrati): es aris sinekdoqe,
romelic aRniSnavs mTels _ nawilis nacvlad; magram ambiva-
lenturobis SemTxvevaSi metonimia iseT samuSaos asrulebs,
rodesac is gamoTqmis procesidan uSualo gamoTqmad jer
kidev ar gardaqmnila, roca diskursi (an misi saxiT _ perso-
naJi), erTi mxriv, agrZelebs winsvlas, TandaTan fardas xdis
yvelafers da, meore mxriv, TavSekavebas inarCunebs, asaidu-
mloebs, faravs. is gaCumebis molivlive sicarielis Sevsebis-
ken iswrafvis imis Warbi CvenebiT, rom saubrisas erTmaneT-
Tan aerTebs or gansxvavebul WeSmaritebas _ sityvebisa da
gaCumebis WeSmaritebas; `gariyulis~ gvareobrivi kategoria
orad iyofa (erTi mxriv, mouxelTebeli qalisa da, meore
mxriv, arasasurveli kastratis), mkiTxveli, rogorc adre-
sati, gamudmebiT erT maTgans gulisxmobs, xolo diskursi
_ meores. maSasadame, aq sakomunikacio arxebi kidev iyofa.
am metonimiur tyuils (tyuili imitom, rom yvelafris nawi-
lobriv TqmiT, is Secdomisken migviZRveba an, sul mcire,
WeSmaritebas niRbavs, sicarieles moCvenebiTi sisruliT fa-
ravs) amjerad, rogorc mosalodnelia, strategiuli funq-
cia akisria: sqesobrivi TvalsazrisiT saxeobrivi gansxvaveba
zambinelas gansakuTrebulobaa, rac miCumaTebulia da swo-
red es gansakuTrebuloba aRmoCndeba erTbaSad gadamwyve-
tic _ operaciuli TvalsazrisiT (is gamocanis amocnobas
warmarTavs) da vitaluric _ simboluri TvalsazrisiT (es
Tavad kastraciaa).
(406) gikrZalavT Cems siyvaruls! * ACT. àRiareba~: 6:
siyvarulis akrZalva.
171
(407) mxolod Tqveni erTguli megobari (fr. un ami-mamr.
sqesi) SemiZlia viyo, radgan moxibluli var Tqveni ZaliTa
da xasiaTiT. me mWirdeba Zma, damcveli. iyaviT Cemi Zma * ACT.
àRiareba~: 7: siyvarulis megobrobamde dayvana. * SYM. dacva,
seqsisgan Tavisufali (amaRlebuli mniSvnelobis mqone ali-
biT seqsis uqonlobas faravs). *** zambinela, un ami (megobari
mamakaci)? raki am sityvas mdedrobiTi sqesis formac aqvs _
une amie (megobari qali), niSnavs, rom arCevanis SesaZlebloba
Cndeba da misi mamrobiTi sqesis formiT gamoyeneba naTels
hfens mis transvestitobas. es gamoaSkaraveba mainc ar iZl-
eva raime arsebiT Sedegs: mamxilebeli sityva gadatanilia
frazis saerTo azris uferulobaSi da stereotipul mdgo-
mareobaSi myofi (erTguli megobari iyo), ubralod, iCqmaleba
(HER. gamocana: 6: gamocnoba, sarazinisTvis zambinelas mier
nakarnaxevi).
(408) da sxva araferi. * cxadia, zedmeti mTel am istoriaSi
aris seqsi (SYM. Tavdacva, seqsisgan Tavisufleba).
(409) _ ar miyvardeT? _ Sehyvira sarazinma, _ ki magram,
Cemo Zvirfaso angelozo, Sen xom Cemi cxovreba xar, Cemi bed-
niereba! * ACT. àRiareba~: 8: siyvarulis mtkiceba (Zvirfaso
angelozo. Cemo cxovrebav).
(410) erTi sityvac rom warmomeTqva, zizRiT mkravdiT
xels. * Tu erTi sityvac sakmarisia mdgomareobis gardasa-
qmnelad, es niSnavs, rom am sityvas mamxilebeli Zala aqvs da,
Sedegad, Cven winaSea gamocana (HER. gamocana 6: gamocnoba) **
SYM. niSandebuloba, dawyevliloba, gariyuloba. *** SYM.
tabu sityva `kastratze~.
LXX. kastracia da saWurisoba

xelovanma (balzakma) moaxerxa ganexorcielebina amocana
_ saWurisobis (rogorc siuJetis safuZvlis) da kastraciis
(rogorc simboluri struqturis) Tanxvedrisa, vinaidan pir-
veli sulac ar gulisxmobs meores: SegviZlia movixmoT Cve-
namde moRweuli kastratTa istoriebi (kazanova, prezidenti
de brosi, sadi, stendali). es Sedegi miiRweva struqturuli
xerxiT, romelic simbolur da hermenevtikul plans erTma-
neTTan akavSirebs da axerxebs imas, rom WeSmaritebis Zieba
172
(hermenevtikuli struqtura) kastraciis Zieba aRmoCndeba
(simboluri struqtura), xolo Tavad WeSmariteba _ (siuJe-
turi da ara mxolod simboluri TvalsazrisiT) dakargul
faloss emsgavseba. ori xazis Tanxvdoma (struqturuli) miR-
weulia maT Soris arCevanis gakeTebis SeuZleblobis gamo
(amouxsneloba aris kidec weris erT-erTi `sabuTi~): afazias,
romelic sityva kastrats ukavSirdeba, ormagi mniSvneloba
aqvs, amasTan, es ormagoba amouxsnelia: simbolur doneze, es
gaxlavT tabu, xolo operaciulis mixedviT _ misi amoxsnis
dagvianeba: WeSmariteba erTdroulad aris cenzuriTa da mis-
tifikaciiT Seyovnebuli. sakiTxavi teqstis struqtura ay-
vanilia analitikur Ziebamde. magram aseve SegviZlia vTqvaT
(da meti safuZveli gvaqvs amisTvis), rom siuJetis fsiqoa-
nalitikuri ganxilva (romelic yvelas moicavs _ sarazins,
mTxrobels, avtors, mkiTxvels) aRar aris saWiro: simboluri
Tavis gadaWarbebulobas, arasaWiroebas avlens (imas, rasac
Cven aq aRvniSnavT saxeliT _ simboluri, araferi aqvs saer-
To fsiqoanalitikur mecnierebasTan). aqedan modis balzakis
am novelis unikaluri Rirebuleba: is kastraciis dasaWuri-
sebulobiT, msgavsis msgavsiT ìlustrirebis~ gziT, TviT
ilustrirebis princips auqmebs, ekvivalenturobis orive
mxares (sityvas da simbolos) anadgurebs, rac arc erTi da
arc meore mxarisTvis momgebiani ar aris. latenturi maSinve
daikavebs im adgils, romelic eqspliciturs ekuTvnoda, ni-
Sani miwasTan swordeba da aranairi `reprezentacia~ ukve aRaraa.
(411) _ kekluco! * HER. gamocana 6: sarazini Tavs ityuebs,
is jiutad cdilobs gadaasxvaferos amocnobis is elemente-
bi, romlebsac xan gulwrfelad, xan sifrTxiliT amcnobs mas
zambinela da Tavisi Tanamosaubris yvela uars ukuagdebs. es
kidev erTxel ukugdeba wmindad semantikuri gzebiT cxadde-
ba: zambinelas Setyobinebebidan sarazini mxolod maT kono-
taciur mniSvnelobas iRebs, romelic sasiyvarulo xrikebis
kulturuli kodis meSveobiT warmoiqmneba (aq _ keklucoba).
(412) veraferi SemaSinebs. * SEM. sijiute. ** riskis uaryo-
fa miuTiTebs im adgilze, sadac bedma dartyma unda miayenos
(an, ufro zustad: bediswera aris swored is, rasac sarazini
uaryofs) (ACT. `sikvdilis survili~: 3: yovelgvar riskze
wasvla).
173
(413) miTxari, rom Cemi momavali Sen iqnebi, rom or TveSi
movkvdebi, rom Seni kocnisTvis daviwyevlebi * ACT. `sikvdi-
lis survili~: 4) winaswarmetyveluri wevri (movkvdebi),
bediswerasTan dapirispirebis formiT. * ACT. àRiareba~: si-
cocxlis gaReba (sasurveli sagnis SeZena).
(414) da akoca, * ACT. * `sasiyvarulo gaseirneba~: 3: kocnis
survili.
LXXI. mimarTuli kocna
teqstis pirvel wakiTxvas yovelTvis Tan axlavs ucodin-

roba da amitomac metis gagebis sixarbiTa da mouTmenlobiT
gamoirCeva; meore wakiTxvas ki, romelic ukan tovebs teqs-
tis pirveli wakiTxviT warmoSobil gaurkvevlobas, roca
daZabul molodins gaanaTebs ukve kvanZis ganxsnidan miRe-
buli codna, Cveni sazogadoeba, Tavisi vaWruli imperative-
bidan gamomdinare, umarTebulod akritikebs. amgvari impera-
tivebi gvaiZulebs movixmaroT wigni, Semdeg gadavagdoT igi
im sababiT, rom ukve moZvelebulia da axali viyidoT; swored
es retrospeqtuli kiTxva aniWebs sarazinis kocnas gansa-
kuTrebul mniSvnelobas: sarazini vnebiT kocnis kastrats
(an transvestit biWs), kastracia Semobrundeba Tavad saraz-
inis sxeulSi da Semdeg CvenSic, mkiTxvelebSic, romlebsac
elda gveca, Tavzari dagveca. maSasadame, araswori iqneboda
imis Tqma, rom Tu davTanxmdebiT wignis xelaxla wakiTxvas, es
mxolod inteleqtualuri sargeblis mizniT xdeba (rom ukeT
gavigoT teqsti, viTarebis codniT gavaanalizoT igi); re-
alurad amas TamaSis gamo vakeTebT _ rom gavamravloT aRm-
niSvnelTa ricxvi da ara imitom, rom romeliRac ukanasknel
aRsaniSnamde mivaRwioT.
(415) miuxedavad
��
zambinelas Zalisxmevisa, es vnebiani ko-
cna Tavidan aecilebina. * ACT `SeyvarebulTa gaseirneba~: 4
winaaRmdegoba.
(416) _ miTxari, rom demoni xar, rom Cemi qoneba, Cemi
saxeli, mTeli Cemi dideba gWirdeba! ginda, aRarasodes aRa-
rafers gamovaqandakeb? miTxari! * ACT. àRiareba~: 10: yvelaze
faseulis miZRvna (xelovneba).
174
(417) _ da qali rom ar aRmovCnde? * HER. gamocana 6: mi-
niSneba, romelsac zambinela sarazins karnaxobs. ** yovel-
gvar mizezs imis damastureblad, rom zambinelas siyvaruli
ar SeuZlia (rac aqamdec araerTgzisaa miTiTebuli 400, 401,
404-Si), fsiqologiuri buneba aqvs. amjarad ki win wamoiweva
fizikuri dabrkoleba. mimdinareobs gadasvla grZnobebis
uaryofidan _ romlebic zogierT fsiqologiur atributs
efuZneba (Tqven cvalebadi bunebis xarT, me momTxovni, gan-
sakuTrebuli var) da romelTagan TiToeuli aRmocenebis-
Tanave uaryofilia _ radikalur uaryofaze (me ar var qali).
sagulisxmoa, rom aq banaluri Tanmimdevrulobis iseTi iS-
viaTi elementia warmodgenili, rogoricaa `siyvarulis gan-
cxadeba~; am elementis Sinaarsi skandaluri da anomaliuria,
xolo forma (siyvarulis SeuZlebloba) Tanmimdevrulobis-
Tvis mTel Tavis mkafioobas inarCunebs (ACT. àRiareba~: 11:
fizikuri SeuZlebloba).
(418) _ rbili, vercxlis JReradobis xmiT, morcxvad hki-
Txa zambinelam. * SEM. qaluroba. ** qaluroba (konotire-
buli) uaryofs sakuTar uars (denotireba), niSani Setyobi-
nebaze Zlieri aRmoCndeba, xolo meoreuli mniSvneloba _
Zireulze aRmatebuli (ris gamoyenebasac sarazini _ kono-
taciebis didi momxmarebeli _ ar iviwyebs. sarazins frazaSi
esmis ara is, rasac WeSmaritad aRniSnavs, aramed is, rasac Sei-
Zleba gulisxmobdes) (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinisken mimarTu-
li zambinelas tyuili).
(419) _ ra kargi xumrobaa! _ Sehyvira sarazinma, _ nuTu
ggonia, rom xelovanis Tvals moatyueb? * ACT. àRiareba~: 12:
uaryofis uaryofa. ** REF. realisti xelovanis anatomiuri
codna: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis motyueba. esTetikuri
sabuTi: xelovani ar tyuvdeba.
LXXII. esTetikuri sabuTi

sakuTari Tavis mosatyueblad (misia, romelSic is dau-
cxromel energias xarjavs), sarazini eyrdnoba sam elements:
narcisul sabuTs (me is miyvars, maSasadame, is qalia), fsiqo-
logiurs (qalebi sustebi arian, zambinela ki sustia da a.S.),
esTetikurs (silamaze mxolod qalebisTvisaa damaxasiaTe-
175
beli, maSasadame...). es cru silogizmebi SeiZleba gaerTian-
dnen da gaaZlieron TavianTi tyuili, Camoayalibon erT-
gvari polisilogizmi (Tu rTuli silogizmi): silamaze aris
qalurobis niSani; mxolod xelovans SeuZlia MmSvenierebis
Secnoba. me xelovani var; Tuki me vici, ra aris silamaze, ma-
Sasadame, me vici, ra aris qali da a.S. cxadia, `realisti mki-
Txveli~ hkiTxavs sarazins, rogor ar gamoxata man gaoceba,
rogor ar Seixara warbi, rodesac moismina Tanamosaubris
gaugonari aRiareba (da Tuki qali ar aRmovCndebi?), Tundac
es saboloo gamarjvebisTvis dasWirveboda? rogor dakmayo-
filda maSinve im myar safuZvels moklebuli daskvniT, rome-
lic pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba `realobis~ xmas, Tundac mor-
cxvad da kiTxviTi formiT miwodebuls (Cven ukve viciT, rom
sqesSi eWvis Setana niSnavs masze sabolood uaris Tqmas)? es
warmoaCens, rom `realisti~ xelovani Tavis dikursSi sulac
ar uTmobs adgils `realobas~, magram yovelTvis da yvela pi-
robiT aqcevs yuradRebas ukve daweril `realobas~, erTgvar
prospeqtul kods, aslebis anfiladas, romelic mxedvelo-
bis aredan ikargeba. sxvaTa Soris, es kodi am SemTxvevaSi
plastikuri xelovnebis kodia: swored igi qmnis erTdrou-
lad silamazesac da siyvarulsac, rac aRwerilia pigmalio-
nis miTSi da romlis avtoritetsac sarazini mouxmobs (#№229).
xelovnebis kriteriumebis saSualebiTa da zambinelas aRia-
rebis dablokviT moqandake citirebs erTgvar uzenaes kods,
romelic yovelive `realuris~ safuZvelia; es kodi aris xe-
lovneba, saidanac momdinareobs yovelgvari WeSmariteba da
romlis meSveobiTac xelovanisTvis yvelaferi cxadi xdeba;
xelovani ucdomelia ara Tavisi Semoqmedebis sizustis gamo
(is ar aris `realobis~ mxolod kargi gadmomweri), aramed Ta-
visi kompententurobiT; is icnobs kods, wyaros, safuZvels
da amitom xdeba realobis garanti, mowme da avtori (autor). mas
aqvs ufleba, dainteresebul mxareTa protestis miuxedavad,
daadginos sqeTa sxvaoba, vinaidan xelovnebis pirvelyofi-
li, umaRlesi avtoritetis winaSe maTi cxovreba mainc fe-
nomenebis damaxinjebul samyaros ekuTvnis.
(420) gana aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi tyuilad gWamdi Tvale-
biT, daJinebiT gakvirdebodi da Seni srulqmnilebiT vixi-
176
blebodi? * REF. qronologia (es orientiri TiTqmis sworia:
saRamo TeatrSi, savarZelSi gatarebuli rva dRe, maleve _
Sexvedra dueniasTan, Rreoba da gaseirneba). ** sarazini zam-
binelas mimarT Tavisi aRfrTovanebis winapirobas Tu wyaros
im semasTan kavSirSi gansazRvravs, romelic erTxel ukve iyo
gamoyenebuli (#№162) da es gaxlavT danawevreba-danakuwebis,
Zerwvis mimarT siyvaruli. Tu am qmedebis formis gansazR-
vras movisurvebdiT, maSin misTvis burRva unda gvewodebi-
na. sarazinSi aris burRvis impulsi, erTgvari endoskopiuri
energia, romelic sagans safarvels, Sesamosels aSorebs da
misi Sinagani arsis Ziebisken iswrafvis. zmna _ gakvirdebo-
di _ niSnavs: gikvlevdi, gswavlobdi, giTvalTvalebdi, ga-
mowmebdi. zambinelas TvalierebiT (aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi)
sarazini sammag funqcias axorcielebs, kerZod: nevrozuls,
vinaidan is bavSvobis qcevebs imeorebs (#№162); esTetikurs
(rac misTvis yofierebis safuZvels warmoadgens), vinaidan
xelovani, gansakuTrebiT ki moqandake, aslis WeSmaritebas
kopirebuli sagnis Sinagani, faruli mxaris codniT adastu-
rebs; dabolos, simbolurs _ erTdroulad sabediswerosa
da sasacilos _ vinaidan Tuki sarazinis es kvleva, romelsac
igi aseTi triumfiT warmoaCens (zambinelas qaluroba), ufro
Sors wava, sabolood, Cven winaSe aRmoCndeba arara, romlis-
ganac kastratia Seqmnili; mxolod es arara gaxdeba Tvalsa-
Cino, iseve, rogorc Tavad xelovanis Semoqmedeba damarcxde-
ba, qandakeba ki _ daimsxvreva (sema: danakuweba).
(421) mxolod qals SeiZleba hqondes aseTi mrgvali da nazi
mxrebi, aseTi moxdenili aRnagoba. * esTetikuri sabuTi emya-
reba entimems, romlis wanamZRvari tyuilia (mxolod qalebi
arian lamazebi), vinaidan kastratebic SeiZleba lamazebi iy-
vnen (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavisken mimar-
Tuli tyuili).
(422) _ aha! ese igi, komplimentebi ginda? * (HER. gamocana
6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavisken mimarTuli tyuili (fsi-
qologiuri sabuTi: keklucoba).
(423) _ sabediswero silamaze! _ naRvliani RimiliT wai-
CurCula zambinelam da Tvalebi zecisken aapyro. * ferweru-
li kodi aq mravldeba, zambinela warmoaCens Tavis ukanasknel
177
inkarnacias an aCvenebs Tavis pirvelwyaros _ madonas, ze-
apyrobili TvalebiT. es Zlieri stereotipi paTetikuri ko-
dis mTavari elementia (rafaeli, el greko, iunia da esTeri
rasinTan da a.S.). saxe sadisturia (gasagebia, ratom iwvevs igi
sarazinis `yru siSmages~; #№430), is gamoxatavs wminda, RvTi-
smosav, amaRlebul, pasiur msxverpls (sadiseuli Jiustinas
msgavsad), romlis Tvalebi apyrobilia zecad da maRalfar-
dovnad ambobs: SexedeT mas, rasac me ar vuyureb, rogorc
geneboT, ise moepyariT Cems sxeuls, me is aRar mainteresebs,
Tqven dainteresdiT misiT (REF. paTetikuri kodi).
(424) im wams mis mzeraSi iseTma mtanjvelma, mgznebare sa-
sowarkveTam gaielva, rom sarazini SekrTa. * SYM. dawyevli-
loba, uaryofilyofa (`sasowarkveTa~). ** zambinela naTlad
aCvenebs sarazins Tavisi mdgomareobis arss, rac sasowarkve-
Tas gulisxmobs (dawyevliloba, daRdasmuloba) da amas niS-
nebis erTgvari elegiuri ierarqiiT akeTebs, sadac xmebi
(yvirili, wamoZaxili) ufro damajerebelia, vidre sityvebi,
xedva ufro aRmatebuli, vidre xma, xolo gamomsaxvelobiTi
Jestebi (gulwrfelobis nec plus ultra) ufro sarwmuno, vidre
is, rac garegnulad Cans. sarazini iRebs Setyobinebas, mas
aJrJolebs (is WeSmaritebis pirasaa), magram sadisturi im-
pulsebi aRsaniSnisgan gariyavs (misi formulirebisgan, misi
enaSi gadayvanisgan, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania); aRmniSvne-
li (`zecisken mipyrobili Tvalebi~) ki ubiZgebs ara imisken,
rom kastratis WeSmariteba amoicnos, aramed sakuTari si-
marTlisken _ gaanadguros zambinela, ra sqesisac ar unda
iyos igi (HER. gamocana 6: zambinelas gamotydoma sarazinis
winaSe).
(425) _ batono frango, _ wamoiwyo kvlav zambinelam, _
samudamod daiviwyeT es wuTieri sigiJe. * ACT. `siyvarulSi
gamotydoma~: 13: daviwyebis brZaneba.
(426) me did pativs gcemT, * aq erTmaneTSi sami mniSvnelo-
ba ireva: seqsze uaris Tqma (sasiyvarulo kodis CarCoSi mo-
qceuli pativiscema evfemizmia, rac saSualebas iZleva, part-
nioris survili uaryos ise, rom mis pativmoyvareobas Zalian
Rrma Wriloba ar miayenos); gulwrfeloba (TamaSis gamo Tqven
winaaRmdeg mowyobil intrigaSi CaTreulma, Tqven gagigeT
178
da Tqven mimarT pativiscemiT ganvimsWvale), windaxeduleba
(rodesac simarTles gaigebT, jer yvelaferi dakarguli ar
iqneba, Tavi SeikaveT da es Tavgadasavali CemTvis nakle-
bad sazianod davasruloT), yvela es mniSvneloba, SeiZleba
iTqvas, erTmaneTisgan ar ganirCeva (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki).
(427) magram siyvaruls nu mTxovT; es grZnoba ukve didi
xania CaxSobilia Cems gulSi. me ar maqvs guli! _ wamoiyvira
acremlebulma. _ scena, romelzec mnaxeT, is aplodismente-
bi, musika, dideba _ ganaCenia, romelic gamomitanes; ai, Cemi
cxovreba, sxva ar gamaCnia! * zambinela kidev erTxel ubrun-
deba kastrirebulobis gansazRvrebas. sityva `guli~, evfe-
mizmis saSualebiT, ukve gamoyenebuli iyo swored im or-
ganos aRmniSvnelad, romelic warTmeuli hqonda kastrats.
arasrulfasovani arseba _ ganaCenia garegani arsebobis-
Tvis, romelsac aklia siRrme, sisrule da is Sinagani, saida-
nac sarazinisTvis erTdroulad ibadeba xelovneba, WeSma-
riteba da cxovreba. es gansazRvreba garkveul kulturul
kods (romelic misi citaciaa) eyrdnoba. msaxiobi ganwirulia
imisTvis, rom iyos iseTi, rogoric garegnuladaa (esaa jamba-
zebis tragedia) (SYM. kastratis xvedri).
(428) ramdenime saaTSi Tqven sxvagvari TvaliT Semomxeda-
vT, qali, romelic giyvardaT, aRar iarsebebs. * HER. `misti-
fikacia~: 10: dasasrulis ganWvreta. ** qali Sewyvets arsebo-
bas: 1) imitom, rom movkvdebi; 2) imitom, rom aRar geyvarebiT;
3) imitom, rom qalurobis cru safari CamoiSleba da a.S. es
ambivalenturoba efuZneba imas, rasac metonimiur tyuils
vuwodebT: `qali~ aq aRniSnavs xan erTgvar mTlian individua-
lobas, xan garkveuli sqesis matarebel adamians, xan erTgvar
warmosaxviT obieqts, romlis arsebobac siyvarulis grZno-
biTaa gamowveuli. TvalTmaqcoba mTelsa da nawilebs Soris
igiveobrivi urTierTobis gaTamaSebaSi mgomareobs (HER.
gamocana 6. ekivoki).
(429) moqandakem araferi upasuxa. * replikebSi, romlebi-
Tac is aRiarebs siyvaruls, gamotovebulia arsebiTi da sa-
razinis sadizmi swored am gaucemel `pasuxSi~ cxaddeba (ACT.
gamotydoma: 14: gaCumeba).
(430) is erTianad Seepyro yru siSmages, romelic guls
uwuravda da anTebuli TvalebiT ucqerda am ucnaur qals.
179
mwuxarebiT, melanqoliiTa da sasowarkveTilebiT gamsWva-
luli zambinelas susti xma, misi qcevebi, manerebi, Jestebi,
moqandakes sulSi boboqar vnebas uRviZebda, misi TiToeuli
sityva ki kidev ufro aRagznebda. * am sadistur konfigura-
cias aq ori funqcia aqvs: erTi mxriv, raRac periodSi ltol-
va SesaZleblobas arTmevs, rom WeSmariteba gaacnobieros,
romelsac Tanamosaubre atyobinebs da gzidan misi CamoSo-
rebis mcdelobis mimarT sakuTari damokidebuleba gamoxa-
tos; meore mxriv, es ltolva mocemul SemTxvevaSi saSuale-
bas aZlevs, ganaviTaros Zaladobis, agresiulobis sema, rac
imTaviTve mWidrod daukavSirda sarazins: mniSvneloba TiT-
qos qmedebaSi gadaizreba (SEM. Zaladoba, gadaWarbeba).
(431) am wuTebSi maT miaRwies kidec fraskatis * ACT.
`SeyvarebulTa gaseirneba~: 5: daniSnulebis adgilamde mis-
vla ** ACT. gaseirneba: 5: mogzaurobis miznis miRweva.
(432) roca xelovanma Tavis satrfos etlidan Camosasvle-
lad xeli SeaSvela, * ACT. `SeyvarebulTa gaseirneba~: 6: et-
lidan gadmosvlaSi daxmareba (es elementi pasuxobs #№393-s:
imave etlSi asvla).
(433) igrZno, rom zambinela erTianad kankalebda.
_ ra gWirT? _ SesZaxa man ferdakarguli zambinelas da-
naxvisas, _ mirCevnia movkvde, Tuki Tqveni tanjvis uneblie
mizezad viqeci.
_ gveli! _ waiCurCula zambinelam da miuTiTa ankaraze,
romelic Txrilis gaswvriv misrialebda, am sazizRari qve-
warmavlebis meSinia.
sarazinma ankaras Tavi quslis dartymiT gausrisa. * gve-
lis epizodi mtkicebulebis (probatio) erT-erTi elementia,
romlis entimema (sxvaTa Soris, mcdari) CvenTvis ukve cnobi-
lia: yvela qali mSiSaraa; zambinela mSiSaraa da, maSasadame,
zambinela qalia. gvelis epizodi mcire exemplum-s (SEM. sul-
mokleoba, SiSi) emsaxureba.
LXXIII. aRsaniSni, rogorc daskvna

gvelis epizodi, erTsa da imave dros, exemplum-icaa
(adreuli xanis ritorikis induqciis iaraRi) da aRmniSvne-
lic (romelic saxasiaTo semasTan gvagzavnis da am SemTxve-
vaSi kastrats ukavSirdeba). klasikur teqstSi semantikuri
180
procesi logikuri procesisgan ganuyofelia: e.i. aRmniSvne-
lidan aRsaniSnamde gzis avlisas, amave dros, daRma mimarTu-
lebiTac unda daveSvaT, magaliTidan _ zogad cnebamde, ro-
melsac es magaliTi warmoSobs. aRmniSvnelsa (gvelis SiSi) da
aRsaniSns (iyo qaliviT mgrZnobiare) Soris igive distancias
vxedavT, rasac endoqsalur wanamZRvarsa (mSiSara arsebebs
gvelebis eSiniaT) da mis rakursul daskvnas Soris (zambi-
nela mSiSaraa). semuri sivrce hermenevtikul sivrces ekvris:
saubaria imis Sesaxeb, rom klasikuri teqstis perspeqtivaSi
yovelTvis unda gamoikveTos idumali an saboloo WeSmari-
teba (idumali aris is, rac bolos gamoCndeba).
(434) _ ra gabeduli xarT! _ SesZaxa mkvdari qvewarmavlis
xilviT aSkarad SeSinebulma zambinelam. * SEM. mSiSroba. es
Tviseba iZleva saSualebas, rom ganidevnos `dacva~ _ `seqsis
gareSe~ siyvarulis alibi.
(435) _ aba, _ Tqva mxatvarma RimiliT, _ nuTu isev gabe-
davT da imis mtkicebas mohyvebiT, rom qali ar xarT? * fra-
zis forma (`nuTu isev gabedavT da imis mtkicebas mohyvebiT~)
xiluli faqtebis srul gamarjvebaze miuTiTebs. magram es
mtkicebuleba mcdari entimemidan momdinare daskvnaa (mSi-
Sara xarT, e.i. qali xarT) (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier
sakuTari Tavisken mimarTuli tyuili: qalurobis fsiqolo-
giuri sabuTi).
(436) isini Tanamgzavrebs SeuerTdnen da ludovizis vi-
las tyeSi gaiseirnes, romelic im dros kardinal Cikoniaras
ekuTvnoda. * ACT. `gaseirneba~: 6: tyeSi gaseirneba. kardinal
Cikoniaras xseneba namdvilad araarsebiTia (ar aqvs aranairi
funqciuri datvirTva); Tumca, imis garda, rom is realo-
bis efeqts qmnis, aseve, zambinelas mfarvelisa da sarazinis
mkvlelis saxelis Semotanas emsaxureba: es aris `webo~, rasac
sakiTxavi teqsti iyenebs.
(437) dila Seyvarebuli moqandakisTvis Cqara miilia, *
REF. siyvaruli da dro, romelic Cqara gadis.
(438) magram is aRsavse iyo aTasgvari wvrilmani detaliT,
romelic am susti da saTuTi bunebis mqone adamianis keklu-
cobas, umweobasa da kopwiaobas warmoaCenda. * SEM. simxdale
da qaluroba.
181
(439) is iyo qali, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli anazdeuli Si-
SebiT, umizezo axirebebiT, instinqturi aRtkinebebiT, mou-
lodneli siTamamiT, kvexniTa da grZnobaTa momxibvleli si-
natifiT. * SEM. qaluroba. frazis wyaro gaugebaria. vin la-
parakobs? sarazini? mTxrobeli? avtori? balzaki, rogorc
avtori? balzaki, rogorc kaci? romantizmi? burJuazia?
uzenaesi sibrZne? yvela am wyaros Serwyma qmnis weras.
(440) uecrad mindorSi moseirne mxiaruli momRerlebis
mcire jgufma, romelic Sors wasuliyo, kbilebamde Seiara-
Rebuli ramdenime kaci dainaxa, romelTa aRkazmuloba eWvs
iwvevda. «avazakebi!» _ wamoiZaxa viRacam da yvelam nabijs
auCqara, raTa Tavi kardinalis sasaxlis galavnisTvis See-
farebinaT. am gadamwyvet wuTs sarazinma dainaxa, rom ferwa-
sul zambinelas fexis gadadgmis Zalac ki aRar hqonda. xelSi
aiyvana, gulSi Caixuta da gaiqca. roca uaxloes talaveramde
miaRwia, satrfo miwaze Camosva. * avazakTa epizodi exemplum-ia
(SEM. simxdale, SiSi, qaluroba).
LXXIV. azris marTva

klasikuri Txroba yovelTvis iwvevs ucvlel STabeWdi-
lebas: TiTqos, Tavdapirvelad, avtoris SemecnebaSi aRsa-
niSni (an zogadi warmodgena) Cndeba, Semdeg ki, Tavisi warmo-
saxviTi niWis farglebSi, is eZiebs `swor~ aRmniSvnelebs, da-
majerebel magaliTebs; klasikosi avtori xelosans hgavs, mas
Tavi aqvs daxrili azris dazgaze da winaswar SemuSavebuli
konceptis arsis gamosaxatavad saukeTeso gamomsaxvelobiT
detalebs arCevs. magaliTad, aviRoT _ mSiSroba; am Tvisebis
gamosaxatad unda SeirCes Sampanuris gaxsnisas gamowveuli
xmauris SiSi, gvelis an avazakebis istoria. Tumca niSnebis
mqone warmosaxvis unari ufro momgebiania maSin, rodesac or-
mag sargebels iZleva; aseT dros warmosaxva ormagi niSnebis
warmoSobas cdilobs, romelTac erTmaneTTan solidaruli
damokidebuleba aqvT da rac mwerluri teqstis ganmsazR-
vrelia; magaliTad aviRoT aseve uRmerToba; avtors SeeZlo
sruliad dakmayofilebuliyo gmiris CvenebiT, romelic Rv-
Tismsaxurebis dros erToba, magram ufro didi xelovnebaa,
urwmunoebis bavSvur midrekilebasTan dakavSireba (rodesac
182
mogviTxrobs, rom wirvis dros sarazini amoralur figurebs
kveTda) an zambinelas crumorwmunoebasTan misi dapirispi-
reba (razec sarazins ecineba); moqandakis qmedeba da simxdale
Txrobis sxva qselebSic gvxvdeba; amdenad, rac ukeTaa gaTvli-
li aRmniSvnelebis anastomozuri SeerTeba, miT ufro `kar-
gad gakeTebulad~ iTvleba teqsti. Zvel ritorikaSi magali-
Tebis arCevani da TvalsaCino mtkicebulebebi farTo sferos
(administraciul danayofs), e.w. inventio-s efuZneboda: dasa-
buTebis mizani (sagnisTvis safuZvlis moZebna) Sesabamisi ar-
gunmentebis swori TanmimdevrobiT SerCeva da dalageba iyo,
risTvisac esa Tu is wesi (saxeldobr, topika) gamoiyeneboda;
amis msgavsad, klasikosi avtori, rogorc mTxrobeli, ibadeba
maSin, rodesac is mniSvnelobis marTvis unars avlens, rasac
ormagi _ semantikuri da veqtoruli elferi aqvs. marTlac,
mniSvnelobis mimarTuloba klasikuri teqstis mmarTvel or
did funqcias gansazRvravs: avtori yovelTvis moZraobs aR-
saniSnidan aRmniSvnelisken, Sinaarsidan formisken, Canafi-
qridan teqstisken, gatacebidan gamoxatvisken, kritikosi
ki sapirispiro gzas adgeba _ aRmniSvnelebidan aRsaniSnTan
midis. rogorc ki ganvsazRvravT azrs, rogorc dinebas, ema-
nacias, sulier sunTqvas, romelic gamoedineba aRsaniSnidan
da aRmniSvnelisken miemarTeba, azris marTva aRmoCndeba WeS-
mariti semiurgia, RvTaebrivi unari; avtori aris RmerTi (is
ibadeba aRsaniSnidan), xolo kritikosi _ qurumia, romelic
saRvTo werilis gaSifvras cdilobs.
(441) amixseniT, _ uTxra sarazinma, _ es gadaWarbebuli
sisuste, romelic nebismier sxva qalSi sazizRrobad, Se-
mawuxeblad momeCveneboda da misi sul mcire gamovlinebac
ki sakmarisi iqneboda, rom Cemi misdami siyvaruli Camqra-
liyo, TqvenSi ratom momwons, ratom majadoebs? * simboluri
TvalsazrisiT, gmiri, Tavis mxriv, raRacebSi gamotydeba; is
cdilobs gansazRvros, ra moswons zambinelaSi da es swored
naklovaneba, ar-yofnis yofna, kastracia aRmoCndeba. Tumca,
ramdenadac Sors ar unda wavides sarazini amgvar TviTana-
lizSi, is mainc agrZelebs Tavis motyuebas da isev orazro-
van enas irCevs: Tuki ukiduresi sisuste umaRles ierarqiul
safexurzea, maSin simxdale aRmatebuli qalurobis, Sinagani
183
siRrmis, ze-qalobis konotaciaa; da piriqiT, Tuki ukidu-
resobas ukanasknel siRrmed ganvsazRvravT, maSin is zambi-
nelas sxeulis centris aRmniSvneli gaxdeba, rac aryofnis
igiveobrivia. es gaxlavT sarazinis sityvebSi erTmaneTze
dadebuli ori zRvari, sadac ori ena erTmaneTs kveTs, ese-
nia: crurwmeniT, endoqsebiT, silogizmebiT, kulturuli
referenciebiT gajerebuli socialuri ena (am enas aucile-
blad gamoaqvs daskvna zambinelas qalurobis Sesaxeb) da sim-
boluri ena, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gamudmebiT migviTiTebs
sarazinsa da kastracias Soris kavSirze (SYM. kastraciis
midrekileba).
(442) _ oh! rogor miyvarxarT! _ SesZaxa, _ yvela Tqve-
ni naklovaneba, SiSi, gulubryviloba, mSvenierebas hmatebs
Tqvens suls. * naklovaneba (naklovaneba, SiSi, bavSvuroba, e.i.
yvelaferi, rac kastracias axasiaTebs) qmnis danamats, riTac
zambinela gansxvavdeba _ 1) sxva qalebisgan (zambinelas Ta-
viseburebaze dafuZnebuli sarazinis Secdoma); 2) zogadad,
qalebisgan (sarazinis simarTle, romelsac zambinelaSi kas-
trati uyvars) (SYM. mankierebis siWarbe).
(443) vgrZnob, rom SeviZulebdi safos msgavs Zlier, gabe-
dul, energiiT, vnebiT savse qals. * rTuli iqneboda avtors
amaze ufro cxadad warmoeCina saraziniseuli warmodgena
qalze, romlisac eSinoda: es damsaWurisebeli qalia, rome-
lic adgils biologiur sqesTa RerZis sawinaaRmdego mxares
ikavebs (vinme safo). gavixsenoT, rom teqstSi ukve SevxvdiT
amgvarad aqtiuri qalebis zogierT saxes: qalbatoni de lan-
ti, axalgazrda qalbatoni, romelic mTxrobels uyvars da
qalis substituti _ buSardoni, mesakuTre dedis rolis
Semsrulebeli, romelic Tavis Svils seqsisgan icavs. Tu bedi
am konkretul qmedebaSi warmoCenilia, rogorc gansazRvru-
li da winaswardasaxuli qmedeba, romelic axerxebs, rom ori
urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlena moulodnelad erTmaneTs
daafinos da gaaerTianos, maSin gamodis, rom sarazini aq Ta-
vis bedisweras gvamcnobs (an imas, rac sabedisweroa mis Tavga-
dasavalSi): safosgan, kastratori qalisgan Tavis gadasarCe-
nad, is TavSesafars kastrirebul arsebasTan eZebs, romlis
naklovaneba mas TviTrwmenas hmatebs; Tumca es arseba mas
ufro did safrTxes uqmnis, vidre safo da Tavisi sicarie-
184
lis siRrmeSi iTrevs: sarazini cdilobs gaeqces kastracias
da amitom Tavadve kastrirdeba; es kargad cnobili saxe ase
gamoixateba sizmrebsa da TxrobebSi: adamiani eZiebs TavSe-
safars im mkvlelis xelebSi, romelic mosaklavad dasdevs
(SYM. kastraciis SiSi).
(444) oh, susto da tkbilo qmnilebav! rogor SeiZleboda
sxvagvari yofiliyaviT? * zambinelas gansxvavebuloba (es
nakli Zalian Zvirfasi danamatia, vinaidan Tavad Tayvanisce-
mis obieqtis arsia) aucilebelia: yvelaferi gamarTlebulia,
ara mxolod kastrati, aramed kastraciuli swrafvanic (SYM.
kastraciis fataluroba).
(445) ra arabunebrivi iqneboda es angelozis xma, es nazi
xma rom sxva sxeulidan amosuliyo. * arsebiTi, aRmafrTova-
nebeli gansxvavebuloba aq Tavis Sesaferis adgils _ sxeuls
poulobs. Tu sarazini waikiTxavda imas, rasac ambobda, is
kastratisadmi swrafvas verc SecdomiT gaamarTlebda da
verc sublimaciiT; is Tavad ayalibebs WeSmaritebas, gamo-
canis, zambinelas da sakuTari Tavis WeSmaritebas. aq xdeba
simboluri elementebis marTebuli rigis aRdgena: gansxva-
vebuli azris, miTis enis, kulturul kodis sapirispirod,
romelic kastrats qalis provokaciad, xolo mis mimarT ga-
Cenil swrafvas _ bunebis sawinaaRmdegod miiCnevs, sarazini
amtkicebs, rom gasaocari xmisa da kastrirebuli sxeulis
Sexameba bunebrivia: sxeuli gamoscems xmas da xma amarTlebs
sxeuls; zambinelas xmis siyvaruli niSnavs giyvardes sxeu-
li, saidanac is amodis da rogoric is aris (SYM. kastratis
siyvaruli).
(446) _ imeds ver mogcemT, ar SemiZlia, _ uTxra momRe-
ralma. * ACT. `gamotydoma~: 15: iqedan wasvlis moTxovna.
(447) _ Tan ase nu melaparakebiT, * ACT. `gamotyoma~ 16:
dadumebis moTxovna.
(448) Torem dagcineben. * HER. `mistifikacia~: 11: ekivoki.
zambinelas gafrTxileba orazrovania: erTi mxriv, is miuTi-
Tebs mistifikaciis realur motivze, kerZod, sarazinis da-
cinvis survilze. meore mxriv ki safrTxeze saubrobs maSin,
roca siave ukve Cadenilia.
(449) TeatrSi siaruls ver agikrZalavT, magram Tu giyvar-
varT an goniereba SemogrCeniaT, iq aRar moxvideT; *ACT. `ga-
motydoma~: 17: saboloo daTxovna.
185
LXXV. siyvarulSi gamotydoma
siyvarulSi gamotydoma (raRac sruliad banaluri,

ukve dawerilis saxeobrivi ganxorcielebaa) mtkicebisa
(miyvarxarT) da uaryofis (ar giyvarvarT) ubralo monacvleo-
baa; amasTan, formaluri TvalsazrisiT, es aRiareba, erTsa
da imave dros, variaciulobasac gulisxmobs (am sityvis mu-
sikaluri mniSvnelobiT) da dausruleblobasac. variaciebi
elementebis simwiridan (sul oria) warmoiSoba, rac gvaiZu-
lebs, TiToeuli maTganisTvis mTeli rigi gansxvavebuli aRm-
niSvnelebi veZeboT. am SemTxvevaSi am aRmniSvnelTa funqcias
motivebi (siyvarulis an siyvarulis uaryofis) asruleben,
Tumca sxva nawarmoebebSi (magaliTad, lirikul poemaSi) aR-
mniSvnelebad SeiZleba metaforuli substitutebi iqcnen.
siyvarulSi gamotydomis formebis istoriuli mimoxlva am va-
riaciebis ganxilvisa da imis dadgenis saSualebas mogvcemda,
ras niSnavs sityvebi _ `mesaubreT siyvarulze~, gagvego, ga-
nicada Tu ara am mniSvnelobam cvlilebebi da a.S. dausrule-
bloba ganmeorebis Sedegia: ganmeoreba aRmocendeba swored
maSin, roca ar arsebobs procesis SeCerebis raime mizezi. am
ori maxasiaTebliT (variaciuloba da dausrulebloba) ukve
vxedavT, rom siyvarulSi gamotydoma (Sewynarebuli Tu ua-
ryofili) kamaTis diskursia, im `scenis~ (XIV) msgavsad, roca
sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT (sxvadasxva metaforuli mimarTu-
leba) moZravi ori ena erTmaneTs exeba; maT Soris saerTo mxo-
lod isaa, rom erTsa da imave paradigmas ekuTvnian, e.i. Tanx-
moba/uaryofis paradigmas, rac, saerTo jamSi, nebismieri pa-
radigmis wminda formaa imgvarad, rom siyvarulis ukugdeba
(an masSi gamotydoma) mniSvnelobis erTgvar akviatebul Ta-
maSad, litaniad warmogvidgeba, romelic monacvleobis prin-
cipze agebul, froidiseul bavSvis TamaSs mogvagonebs; anda,
induistebis RmerTis TamaSs hgavs, romelic dausruleblad
qmnis da anadgurebs samyaros, mas (Cvens samyaros) ubralo sa-
TamaSod gardaqmnis, xolo ganmeorebuli sxvaobebidan Tavad
TamaSs, mniSvnelobas, rogorc umaRles TamaSs warmoSobs.
(450) damijereT, batono! _ uTxra man seriozuli xmiT. *
gamocana 6: gardauvali da Seyovnebuli fardis axda.
186
(451) _ah! gaCumdi, _ wamoiyvira gabruebulma xelovanma,
* aq sityva «kastratis» warmoTqma Sewyda (vinaidan, bolos
da bolos, zambinela gadawyvets, `seriozuli xmiT~ warmo-
Tqvas simarTle) (SYM. tabu sityvaze _ kastrati) ** HER. ga-
mocana 6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis motyueba. gmiris sa-
sicocxlo interesSi Sedis, ar gaigos simarTle, maSin, roca
diskursis sasicocxlo interesi enigmis amocnobis SeCerebas
ukavSirdeba.
LXXVI. personaJi da diskursi

sarazini awyvetinebs zambinelas da amiT WeSmaritebis
gacxadebas aCerebs. Tuki personaJs realisturi TvaliT Se-
vxedavT da davijerebT, rom sarazini qaRaldis furclis
miRma cxovrobs, maSin am Sewyvetinebis motivebis Zieba unda
daviwyoT (gmiris aRfrTovaneba, WeSmaritebis aracnobieri
uaryofa da a.S.), xolo Tuki diskurss realisturad Sevxeda-
vT da moTxrobil istorias ganvixilavT, rogorc meqanizms,
romelmac bolomde unda imoqmedos, maSin unda vaRiaroT,
rom Txrobis rkinis kanoni moiTxovs, mis (Txrobis) kvlav
gasagrZeleblad sityva «kastrati» ar warmoiTqvas. WeSma-
ritebis Sesaxeb es ori xedva Tundac gansxvavebul da erT-
maneTisgan damoukidebel (sawinaaRmdegosac ki) warmodge-
nebs miekuTvnebodnen, erTmaneTs mainc gaamyareben; Sedegad,
warmoiSoba saerTo fraza, romelic moulodnelad daakav-
Sirebs ori gansxvavebuli enis fragments: sarazini aris ga-
bruebuli, vinaidan diskursi ar unda damTavrdes; diskursi,
Tavis mxriv, SesaZloa gagrZeldes, vinaidan gabruebuli sa-
razini laparakobs da aravisi esmis. kanonzomierebis es ori
wredi `gadauwyvetelia~ da swori naratiuli wera Tavad es
gadauwyvetelobaa. amitomac, kritikuli TvalsazrisiT,
personaJis Txrobidan gayvana iseTive Secdomaa, rogorc
(qcevis savaraudo motivebiT aRWurvil) fsiqologiur per-
sonaJad gardaqmnis mizniT misi saweri qaRaldidan amoyvana.
personaJi da diskursi Tanamzraxvelebad cxaddebian; dis-
kursi personaJidan Tavis Tanamzraxvels qmnis: es Teur-
giuli TviTgamocalkevebis forma aris miTologiuri pro-
cedura, romlis saSualebiT RmerTma Tavisze daqvemdebare-
187
buli subieqti Seqmna, kacma cxovrebis Tanamgzavri SeiZina
da a.S. da es ukve erTxel Seqmnili sruliad damoukidebeli
qmnileba TamaSis SesaZleblobas iZleva. asevea diskursic: is
qmnis personaJebs ara imitom, rom maT erTmaneTSi CvenTvis
iTamaSon, aramed diskursma Tavad iTamaSos maTTan, miaRwios
maTTan Tanamzraxvelobas, raTa kodebis uwyveti cvla uzru-
nvelyos. personaJebi diskursis gansakuTrebuli tipebia da
diskursi, Tavis mxriv, sxvaTa msgavsi personaJia.
(452) dabrkolebebi Cems gulSi siyvaruls kidev ufro aR-
vivebs. * REF. vnebis dinamika.
(453) zambinela moxdenil da mokrZalebul pozaSi gaiyina.
dumda, TiTqos winaswar grZnobda raRac ubedurebas da amaze
fiqrobda. * ACT. `safrTxe~: 6: ubedurebis winaTgrZnoba.
(454) roca romSi dabrunebis dro dadga, oTxadgilian
samgzavro karetaSi avida, moqandakes ki mkacrad ubrZana, et-
liT marto dabrunebuliyo. * ACT. `gaseirneba~: 7: dabruneba.
** ACT. sasiyvarulo gaseirneba: 7: cal-calke dabruneba.
(455) gzad sarazinma mtkiced gadawyvita, zambinela moe-
tacebina. mTeli dRe erTmaneTze uazro gegmebis Camoyalibe-
biT iyo dakavebuli. * REF. qronologia: gaseirnebas motace-
bisgan erTi dRe aSorebs (magram gaseirnebas `motacebisgan~
erTi ubralo wertili hyofs) ** ACT. `motaceba~: 7: gadawyve-
tileba da gegmebi.
(456) SeRamebisas, roca ukve saxlidan gadioda, raTa ro-
gorme miekvlia sasaxlisTvis, romelSic zambinela cxovrob-
da, * ACT. `motaceba~: 2: winaswari informaciis Segroveba.
(457) karis zRurblTan megobars SeefeTa.
_ Cemo Zvirfaso, _ uTxra am ukanasknelma, Cvenma elCma
gamomgzavna, raTa am saRamos TavisTan migiwvios. SesaniSnav
koncerts awyobs * ACT. `koncerti~: 1: miwveva.
(458) da roca gaigeb, rom iq zambinela (Zambinella _ ar-
tiklis gareSe) iqneba... * italiuri ena Tavis struqturaSi
Tavisuflad uSvebs artikls sakuTari saxelis win. es wesi Sei-
Zleba sxvagan umniSvneloa, magram aq hermenevtikuli xasiaTi
aqvs, vinaidan gamocana zambinelas sqess ukavSirdeba: frangi
mkiTxvelisTvis mdedrobiTi sqesis artikli (la) saxels mde-
drobiTi sqesis gagebas aniWebs, romlis winac is dgas (es aris
188
gavrcelebuli saSualeba, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva, trans-
vestitis mdedrobiT sqesze miuTiTos) da amitom diskursi,
romelic zambinelas sqesTan dakavSirebuli tyuilis dafar-
vaze zrunavs (risi msxverplic sarazini xdeba), zambinelas
saxels gamudmebiT (erTi-ori gamonaklisis garda) mdedro-
biT sqesis artikliT iyenebs (La Zambinella). amgvarad, artiklis
yovel dakargvas aqvs gamocanis gamocnobis hermenevtikuli
funqcia, rasac sarazinis satrfo qalis kategoriidan mama-
kacurSi gadahyavs (Zambinellla). ase CaRdeba namdvili TamaSi am
artiklis saSualebiT, romelic, situaciidan gamomdinare,
xan Cndeba da xan qreba. am epizodSi megobari, romelic sara-
zins mimarTavs, romaul wes-Cveulebebs icnobs da frangTan
frangulad moubari, momRerlis saxelis defeminizacias mi-
marTavs (HER. gamocana 6: gamocnoba, romliskenac sarazins
sazogadoeba miuTiTebs).
(459) _ zambinela! (Zambinella _ artiklis gareSe) _ aR-
moxda sarazins da am saxelis xsenebamac ki wonasworoba daa-
kargvina, _ vgiJdebi masze!
_ sxvebsac ase emarTebaT! _ upasuxa megobarma. * sara-
zinma zambinelas saxeli artiklis gareSe gaimeora, rac sul
sxva mizeziT gaakeTa; upirvelesad, im albaTobidan gamomdi-
nare (e.i. sxvadasxva informaciuli rigis erTgvari fsiqolo-
giuri TanxvedriT), rom sarazinma cudad icoda italiuri
(qronologiuri kodi amas araerTgzis miuTiTebs), amitom
artiklis arseboba-ararsebobas raime arsebiT mniSvnelo-
bas ar aniWebs; metic, stilisturi TvalsazrisiT, sarazinis
wamoyvireba saxelis erTgvar nulovan safexurs qmnis, rome-
lic gaSiSvlebuli arsiT warmodgeba, yovelgvar morfolo-
giur gaformebamde (igive SemTxveva iyo #№205-Sic, sadac sara-
zini zambinelas arsebobas xalxis aRfrTovanebuli yvirilis
wyalobiT Seityobs). sarazins arafers eubneba megobris mier
uartiklod naxsenebi sityva momRerlis mamrobiT sqesTan
dakavSirebiT; Tavis mxriv, arc mis mierve ganmeorebuli saxe-
lis mamrobiTi forma uqmnis warmodgenas zambinelas saidu-
mlos Sesaxeb (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis
motyueba) ** orive replika (458 da 459) adasturebs, rom dis-
kursi axali orazrovnebisken midis: sarazinis megobari zam-
189
binelaTi esTetikuri TvalsazrisiTaa aRfrTovanebuli; sa-
razini giJdeba masze, radgan uyvars (HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki).
(460) Tu Cemi megobrebi xarT, mejlisis Semdeg _ Sen, vieni,
loterburgi da alegreni _ erT saqmeSi unda damexmaroT.
_ kardinalis mkvlelobaSi xom ar mogviwevs monawileoba?
_ ara, ara, _ uTxra sarazinma, _ iseTs arafers gTxovT,
rasac patiosani kaci ver gaakeTebs. * ACT. `motaceba~: Ta-
namzraxvelebis Seyra. vieni, romelic aq Cndeba, Semdeg zambi-
nelas adonisis formiT gamosaxavs qandakebaSi da, amgvarad,
reproduqciuli jaWvis uwyvetobas uzrunvelyofs (SYM.
sxeulTa reproduqcia).
(461) Cafiqrebuli gegmis gansaxorcieleblad moqandakem
Zalian mcire droSi moamzada yvelaferi. * ACT: motaceba: 4:
mosataceblad Tadarigis daWera.
(462) is elCTan erT-erTi bolo gamocxadda, * ACT. `kon-
certi~: 2: gvian misvla. banaluri epizodis (koncertze was-
vla) aseve banalur elements (gvian misvla) SeiZleba didi
operaciuli Zala hqondes: sarazinsac igive daemarTa, rac
prustiseul mTxrobels, romelic hercoginia germantis
koncertze dagvianebiT mivida; dagvianebam masSi reminiscen-
ciebi gamoiwvia, rac Semdeg mis naSroms daedo safuZvlad.
LXXVII. sakiTxavi teqsti II:

sazRvruli/msazRvreli
Cven ukve viciT sakiTxavi teqstis solidarobis kano-

ni: yvelaferi urTierTkavSirSia da rac SeiZleba ukeT
unda ukavSirdebodes erTmaneTs (LXVII). vieni sarazinis
Tanamzraxvelicaa da misi memkvidrec (is zambinelas saxes
STamomavlobas gadascems); diskursis msvlelobaSi es ori
funqcia droismieri manZiliTaa gayofili ise rom, erTi
mxriv, iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos vieni siuJetSi pirvelad
wminda SemTxveviTobis gamo mogvevlina da Cven arc ki viciT,
eqneba Tu ara mas raime funqcia momavalSi (rogorc ki sin-
tagmuri kompanionebi _ vieni, loterburgi da alegreni _
gamoCndebian diskursSi, samudamod qrebian) da, meore mxriv,
vieni mogvianebiT kvlav imitom Cndeba (#№546), rom zambinelas
190
qandakeba Seqmnas; maSasadame, is CvenTvis cnobilia da swo-
red am cnobam unda moitanos logikuri dakmayofileba: gana
normaluri ar aris, rom vieni im qandakebis asls iRebs, ro-
melic sarazinma Seqmna, vinaidan sarazini misi megobari iyo?
sakiTxavi teqstis zneobrivi, Rirebuli kanoni, mizez-Sede-
gobrivi jaWvis Sevsebas moiTxovs; amisTvis yoveli msazR-
vreli SeZlebisdagvarad kargad unda ganisazRvros, raTa
Sualeduri mdgomareoba, ormagi orientacia moipovos da er-
Tgvar mizanmimarTul svlaSi CaerTos: moxucis siyrue saSu-
alebas iZleva mTxrobels miuTiTos, rom is mas icnobs (#№70),
magram es siyruec asakobrivia. aseve xdeba aq: sarazini sael-
CoSi gamarTul koncertze igvianebs _ es faqti gulixmobs
axsnas (motacebis mzadebas dro dasWirda) da, amave dros, ax-
snis funqciasac asrulebs: zambinela am dros ukve mReris, is
msmenelis winaSea da Relavs, Cikoniara amas amCnevs da iZleva
gankargulebas, Tval-yuri adevnon sarazins, Semdeg ki mok-
lan igi. maSasadame, sarazinis dagvianeba aris erTgvari gza-
jvaredini, erTbaSad gansazRvruli da ganmsazRvreli, rac
SesaZlebels xdis motacebasa da mkvlelobas Soris bunebrivi
anastomozi Camoayalibos. aseTia naratiuli qsovili: erTi
SexedviT gveCveneba, rom is daSoriSorebuli gamonaTqvame-
bisganaa moqsovili, romelTagan TiToeuli Txrobis saerTo
mimdinareobaSia CarTuli da Tavidan ise aRiqmeba, rogorc
raRac usargeblo grova (romlis usargebloba gamonagonis
damowmebas emsaxureba im efeqtis xarjze, rasac Tavis droze
realuris efeqti vuwodeT), magram sinamdvileSi igi fsevdo-
logikuri kavSirebiT, damokidebulebebiT, ormagad orien-
tirebuli elementebiTaa gajerebuli: sabolood, amgvari
literaturis sisavse winaswar gamoTvlis Sedegad iqmneba; mo-
cemul SemTxvevaSi gafantuloba enis TvalSeudgam usasru-
lobaSi azrebis windauxedavi gabneva ki ar aris, aramed ukve
erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, damagnitebuli elementebis
ubralo, droebiTi SeCereba, romlebic mzad arian erTmane-
Tisken iswrafvon, raTa kompaq-turad moTavsdnen saerTo
yuTSi.
(463) magram, samagierod, sagzao etliT, romelSic Roni-
eri cxenebi iyo Sebmuli da mas romis erT-erTi yvelaze Tav-
191
zexelaRebuli veturini marTavda. * ACT. `motaceba~: 5: swra-
fi gadaadgilebis saSualeba: ** REF. italiuroba (vetturini).
(464) saelCos sasaxle xalxiT iyo savse. * ACT. `koncerti~:
3: didi xalxmravloba. ** popularoba (xalxmravloba zambi-
nelas popularobaze miuTiTebs; es popularoba funqciur
mniSvnelobas atarebs, vinaidan momRerlis da, aqedan gamom-
dinare, de lantis ojaxis maRal mdgomareobas amarTlebs).
(465) moqandake ver icnes da amitom im darbazamde miRweva
gauWirda, romelSic zambinela mReroda. * ACT. `koncerti~: 4:
sakoncerto darbazSi SeRweva. sarazins darbazSi SesaRwevad
didi dro dasWirda ara mxolod imitom, rom bevri xalxi iyo,
aramed imitom, rom kidev erTxel miuTiTos: zambinela saxel-
ganTqmulia. ** REF. qronologia. damswreebi sarazins ar ic-
noben, vinaidan is romSi axali Casulia (rac, Tavis mxriv, misi
arakompententurobis mizezia): `yvelaferi urTierTkavSir-
Sia~. *** Tavis mxriv, diskursi zambinelas saxels mamrobiT
sqesSi iyenebs (sarazinis megobris msgavsad), Tumca WeSmari-
teba jer kidev ar aris gamJRavnebuli _ arc sarazinisTvis,
arc mkiTxvelisTvis. saqme isaa, rom diskursi (realisturi)
miTiurad miiswrafvis eqspresiuli funqciisken: is Tavs aCve-
nebs, TiTqos raRac winare referentis (realuri) arsebobis
sjera, romelic unda daafiqsiros, gadaiRos, gaasajaroos,
Tumca mocemul momentSi referenti anu momRerali, mTeli
Tavisi materialurobiT, ukve diskursis Tvalwinaa; dis-
kursi darbazSia da mis winaSe mamakacis samosSi gamowyobil
zambinelas xedavs: didi sicrue iqneboda, Tuki diskursi
SemdegSic misi qalurobis mkicebas Seecdeboda (HER. gamo-
cana 6: amocnoba, rasac diskursi mkiTxvels karnaxobs).
(466) albaT aq damswre kardinalebis, episkoposebisa da
abatebis pativsacemad Seimosa is (elle) mamakacis samosliT,
daxveuli kululebi ukan nawnavad daimagra da gverdze daSna
daikida _ mimarTa sarazinma gverdiT mjdoms. * zambinelas
gamocana or _ qalisa (#№323) da mamakacis (aq) Sesamosels So-
risaa moqceuli. Sesamoseli ama Tu im sqesis mikuTvnebulo-
bis udavo mtkicebulebad iTvleba (Tu iTvleboda); erTia
mxolod, sarazini, rac ar unda moxdes, tyuilis erTgulia,
cdilobs, uaryos udavo faqti, usityvod miiRos igi, ar ga-
192
moiZios misi namdvili mizezi (HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis Ta-
vis motyueba). ** am wuTidan zambinelas qaluroba `citire-
bis~ (is _ elle) sagnad iqceva da cxadia, mas amieridan seriozu-
lad aravin miiRebs. Tumca am citaciis warmomavloba kvlav
gamocanad rCeba: vin warmoaCina sityviT mis mdedrobiToba?
diskursma? Tu sarazinma gaakeTa maxvili nacvalsaxelze (is
_ elle)? (HER. gamocana 6: `gamocnoba~). ** `daxveuli Tma~ `rea-
luri~ detalia, magram ara Tavisi sizustis ZaliT, aramed
imiT, rom is neopoleli ragazzo-s saxes aTavisuflebs; es saxe
ki, romelic Seesabameba kastratis istoriul kods, saSuale-
bas iZleva pirtitvela biWi gaaSiSvlos da am gziT gamocana
ufro advilad gamoicnos, vidre daSniTa da SesamosliT (HER.
gamocana 6: gamocnoba da REF. kastratis istoriuli kodi).
(467) _ is! (elle) vin is (elle)? _ hkiTxa moxucma, romelsac
sarazinma saubari gauba.
_ (La) zambinela!
_ (La) zambinela! _ wamoiZaxa romaelma Tavadma. _ xu-
mrobT? * HER. gamocana 6: gamocanis gamocnoba, romelsac sa-
razins sazogadoeba sTavazobs. kiTxvaze pasuxi imis Sedegad
Cndeba, rom tyuili erTgvarad Zaxilisa da kiTxvis intona-
ciebis wyalobiT iryeva. Tumca, radganac gamocana biolo-
giur sqess ekuTvnis, yovelgvari uaryofa alternatiuli
aRmoCndeba da paradigmis meore wevrs dauyovnebliv azianebs.
(468) _ mTvaridan CamoxvediT Tu ra? * yvela qronolo-
giuri `Wde~ sruliad obieqturad gvarwmunebs, rom sarazi-
nis italiuri gamocdileba xanmokle iyo; es qronologiuri
marSruti aq diegeturi funqciiT sruldeba: cdomileba,
romelSic sarazini cxovrobda da ris gafantvasac moxuci
Tavadi kiji cdilobda, gmiris gamoucdelobiT ixsneba (HER.
gamocana 6: amocnoba: sicruis iribi ganmarteba).
(469) rodis iyo, rom romis Teatris scenaze qalebi gamo-
diodnen? nuTu ar iciT, vin asrulebs qalis rolebs romis
papis samflobeloSi? * HER. gamocana 6: gamocnoba (gamonaT-
qvamis evfemisturi da ganzogadebuli xasiaTis, Tavad akr-
Zaluli sityvis warmouTqmelobis miuxedavad, WeSmaritebis
ukeT gamoxatva SeuZlebelia: zambinela kastratia) ** REF.
musikis istoria papis saxelmwifoSi.
193
LXXVIII. sikvdili arcodnis gamo
yoveldRiuri codnis Sejameba, anu kulturuli kodebi,
mravalricxovani TxrobiTi silogizmebis did gzavnils
qmnian, romelsac safuZvlad aucileblad gansxvavebuli
Sexeduleba (`cxadi~, rogorc Zveli logikosebi ityodnen),
endoqsaluri WeSmariteba _ erTi sityviT, `sxvaTa~ diskur-
si udevs. msgavsi entimemebis wyalobiT, sarazins udrekad
sjera zambinelas qaluri bunebisa da Tavisi briyvulad age-
buli da briyvuladve dasabuTebuli daskvnebis gamo kvdeba:
mas klavs sxvisi, am diskursisgan ganuyofeli naklic, dama-
dasturebeli sabuTebis siWarbec da diskursis naklebobac;
mravali citatisgan Semdgari kulturuli kodi mTlianobaSi
enciklopediuri codnis mcire, ucnaurad aWrelebul kre-
buls, erTgvar uazrobas qmnis: swored es uazroba warmo-
Sobs yoveldRiur `realobas~, romelsac egueba da romelSic
cxovrobs individi. am enciklopediis naklovaneba, am kultu-
rul qsovilSi arsebuli erTi naxvreti, SeiZleba sikvdiliT
dasruldes. sarazinma ar icis papis karis wesebi da is Tavis
codnasa (`nuTu ar iciT...~) da sxvebis diskursSi arsebuli
xarvezis gamo mokvdeba. sagulisxmoa, rom es diskursi, bo-
los da bolos (Zalian gvian; magram gana imTaviTve gvian ar
iyo?), sarazinis yuramde sasaxlis karis moxuci `realistis~
xmis wyalobiT aRwevs (masac xom surda warmatebulad daeban-
debina Tavisi ragazzo-s xma?), romelic `realobis~ safuZvelSi
arsebul cxovrebiseul codnas atarebs. socialuri simarT-
le, instituciebis kodi _ realobis principi _ uxeSad ewi-
naaRmdegeba simbolos eSmakur konstruqciebs (rasac mTeli
novela ukavia) da mowodebulia, rom maTze samarTliani ga-
marjveba moipovos.
(470) es me var, Cemo batono, vinc zambinelas Tavisi xma
uboZa! yvelaferi gadavixade am cuRlutisTvis, misi simRe-
ris maswavleblisTvisac ki. magram warmoidgineT, imdenad
umaduri aRmoCnda, rom Cems saxlSi fexi erTxelac ar Se-
moudgams. * sityva «cuRlutis» gaCena (ce drôle (mamr. sqesi) _
là), rac arc mdedrobiT sqesze miuTiTebs da arc kastratze,
Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, sqesTa Soris (rac kastratis ganusa-
zRvruli statusis gamo, mTeli novelis ganmavlobaSi are-
194
uli iyo da xan qalurobis arss warmoadgenda, xan sruliad
uaryofda yovelgvar sqess) normalur mimarTebas aRadgens
(Tumca xanmokled). (SYM. biologiuri sqesebis RerZi). SYM.
kastraciamde.
LXXIX. kastraciamde
kijis mcire diskursi, romliTac simarTle cxaddeba,
aseve ori TvalsazrisiTaa mniSvnelovani, kerZod ki im sa-
xeTa mixedviT, romelTac is Sobs. upirvelesad, zambinelas
igi biWad moixseniebs, riTac sarazins aiZulebs, ze-qalidan
_ cuRlut, anc biWamde (neapoleli axalgazrda, xuWuWa
TmiT) daeSvas: gmiris arsebaSi warmoiSoba procesi, rasac
paradigmul dacemas vuwodebdiT: erTmaneTisgan Seuvali
sazRvriT gayofili ori elementi (erTi mxriv _ zeqali, xe-
lovnebis mizani da safuZveli da, meore mxriv, CamoZonZili,
WuWyiani anci biWi, romelic neapolis Rarib quCebSi darbis)
moulodnelad erT pirovnebaSi erTiandeba: warmoiSoba SeuZ-
lebeli gaerTianeba (Tuki gamoviyenebT makiavelis gamoTqmas);
sxvaobaze dafuZnebuli mniSvneloba (wesdebis Sesabamisad)
qreba, is metad aRar arsebobs da es damxoba _ sasikvdiloa.
amas garda, im drois gaxsenebiT, rodesac zambinela jer ki-
dev ar iyo kastrirebuli (es Cveni varaudi ki ar aris, aramed
konotaciis ubralo gavrcobaa), kiji xatavs erTgvar scenas
da warsuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb mcire romans qmnis: ai, ragazzo,
romelic Seifara da upatrona moxucma da romelmac opera-
ciis (yvelaferi gadavixade) da misi ganaTlebis xarjebi Tavis
Tavze aiRo; Semdeg varskvlavadqceuli proteJis umaduro-
ba, romelmac cinikurad airCia ufro mdidari mfarveli, Za-
lauflebis mqone da, erTi SexedviT, ufro Seyvarebuli (kar-
dinali). cxadia, es saxe sadisturi funqciis matarebelia: is
aiZulebs sarazins, Tavis satrfoSi biWi dainaxos (mTel no-
velaSi es erTaderTi miniSnebaa pederastiaze), amasTan, ad-
vilad gasagebi gaxados kastracia da gamoxatos igi, rogorc
sruliad realuri (droSi moqceuli: uwin da Semdeg) qirur-
giuli operacia; dabolos, amxels kijis, rogorc kastraciis
iniciators (mas, vinc operaciis safasuri gadaixada), rome-
lic sarazins Tavisi laybobiT kastraciisa da sikvdilis-
195
ken miuZRveba: es uRimRamo, yovelgvari simboluri Zalisgan
carieli, yoveldRiurobiT dabinZurebuli, endoqsaluri
kanonis Tavdajerebuli damcveli arseba mniSvnelobis sazR-
vrebidan gadis da Tavad `bedisweris~ ganmsazRvrel figurad
iqceva. amgvaria laybobis (ybedoba _ ityodnen prusti da
jeimsi) agresiuli funqcia, rac sxvisi diskursis, anu imaze
momakvdinebeli sityvis arss Seadgens, vidre warmogvidgenia.
(471) da kidev, Tu gamdidrdeba, me unda mimadlodes. *
aq iribadaa naTqvami, rom zambinelas varskvlavis momavali
elodeba. aqve unda gavixsenoT, rom me-18 saukuneSi kas-
trats SeeZlo gamorCeuli adgili daekavebina sazogadoeba-
Si, maRali mdgomareobisTvis mieRwia da saerTaSoriso do-
nis varskvlavi gamxdariyo. magaliTad, kafarelim sahercogo
(san donato) iyida, hercogi gaxda da didebuli sasaxle aiSe-
na. farinelim (ìl ragazzo~) inglisi (sadac hendeli Searcxvina)
oqroTi datvirTulma datova da espaneTSi gadavida, sadac
Tavisi yoveldRiuri simReriT (yovelTvis erTsa da imave si-
mReras mReroda) filipe V mistikuri leTargiisgan gankurna,
romelic 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kastrats yovelwliur pensi-
as uxdida (Zveli franguli frankiT _ 14 milions); qveyani-
dan karlos III-is mier gaZevebulma farinelim boloniaSi di-
debuli sasaxle aiSena. es magaliTebi im kastratebis mdgoma-
reobaze miuTiTebs, romlebmac zambinelas msgavs warmatebas
miaRwies; amgvarad, operacia, romlis Tanxac moxucma kijim
gadaixada, SeiZleboda rentabeluri yofiliyo; am wmindad
finansur interesebze miniSnebidan gamomdinare (aRarafers
vambobT imaze, rom fuli arasodesaa neitraluri, simbolu-
ri TvalsazrisiT), diskursi erTmaneTs ukavSirebs de lan-
tis ojaxis simdidresa (rac aris gamocanaTa jaWvis sawyisi
Tema da `parizuli cxovrebis scenis~ `siuJeti~) da mis saeWvo
warmomavlobas, e.i. kastraciis operacias, romlis Tanxac
romaelma Tavadma (interesiT Tu garyvnilebiT) axalgazrda
neapoleli biWisTvis gadaixada da romelmac Semdeg igi `mi-
atova~ (SEM. gamoCenili varskvlavi).
(472) baton kijis kidev didxans SeeZlo elaparaka, magram
sarazini aRar usmenda, saSinelma simarTlem sulierad SeZ-
ra. mexi daeca. adgilze gaqvavda * HER. gamocana 6: gamoc-
nobis sanqcireba. sruli amocnoba sam etapad mimdinareobs:
1) tyuilis gamoaSkaraveba 2) axsna 3) Sedegi.
196
LXXX. kvanZis gaxsna da gamocnoba
dramatul TeatrSi, rogorc brexti ambobda, kvanZis

gaxsnisadmi interesi Zalian mZafria, epikur TeatrSi ki _
siuJetis ganviTarebisadmi. sarazini dramatuli novelaa (ra
mouva gmirs? rogor `daasrulebs~ igi?), magram kvanZis gaxsna
masSi fardis axdas eqvemdebareba: WeSmariteba aris is, rac
gaixsneba. am WeSmaritebas SeiZleba saxeli sxvadasxvagvarad
daerqvas, imisda mixedviT, ramdenad damajerebelia (kri-
tikuli TvalsazrisiT relevanturia) igi: siuJeturi Tval-
TaxedviT, WeSmariteba aris referenti (realuri obieqti):
zambinela kastratia; fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, es ube-
durebaa: me Seviyvare kastrati; simboluri kuTxiT _ naTlis
mofena: zambinelaSi me Seviyvare kastrati; Txrobis mixed-
viT _ winaswarmetyveleba: raxan kastracia Semexo, unda mo-
vkvde. nebismier SemTxvevaSi WeSmariteba predikatia, rac
bolos da bolos, napovnia, subieqti ki Tavisi damatebiTaa
aRWurvili; vinaidan Tuki personaJs mxolod siuJetis ganvi-
Tarebis doneze, e.i. epikuri TvalTaxedviT ganvixilavT, yo-
velTvis usrulad, Seuvseblad warmogvidgeba, rogorc Ta-
visi finaluri predikatis ZiebaSi moxetiale subieqti. amave
dros, am xetialisas gmiri verafers poulobs, tyuilisa da
Secdomebis garda. gamocana swored predikatis uqonlobaa;
fardis axdiT diskursi logikur formulas avsebs da es napov-
ni sisrule dramis kvanZs xsnis: saWiroa, rom bolos subieqti
gansazRvrebiT Seimosos (daeuflos mas) da mTeli dasavluri
azrovnebis dedaujredi (subieqts+predikati) Seivsos. pre-
dikatis es droebiTi xetiali SeiZleba TamaSis Tvalsazri-
siT aRiweros. dramatuli Txroba orpartnioriani TamaSia,
romelSic SecdomaSi Sesvla da simarTle monawileobs. Ta-
vidan maTi urTierTobisTvis damaxasiTebelia ganusazRvre-
lobis maRali xarisxi, isini erTmaneTisgan Sors daxetiale-
ben, magram nel-nela es orive qseli erTmaneTs uaxlovdeba,
erTmaneTSi aRwevs, gansazRvruloba matulobs da, masTan er-
Tad, Tavad subieqtic ufro myarad dgas. maSasadame, fardis
axda bolo dartymaa, romlis wyalobiTac yovelgvari sawyi-
si albaToba aucileblobaSi gadaizrdeba. amgvarad, TamaSi
197
damTavrebulia, dramis kvanZi ìxsneba~, subieqti predikats
(da simyares) iZens. diskurss isRa darCenia, rom gaCumdes.
imis sawinaaRmdegod, rac epikur nawarmoebSi mimdinareobs
(rogorc is brexts warmoedgina), aq araferia gacxadebuli
(uSualod mkiTxvelis samsjavros gadacemuli), Cans mxolod
erTi ram, isic erT jerze da boloSi; da es gaxlavT dasasru-
lis Cveneba.
(473) da egreT wodebul momReral kacs (le prétendu chanteu-
se) miaSterda. * es formula _ le prétendu chanteuse _ enigmuria.
bunebrivi iqneboda am frazis mdedrobiTi sqesiT gamoxatva
_ la prétendue chanteuse, radgan zambinelaSi (la Zambinella) si-
mRera ki ar aris ègreT wodebuli~, aramed misi mdedrobiTi
sqesi, rac aq mamrobiTiTaa (erTaderTi gramatikuli sqesi,
rasac ena kastratis aRsaniSnavad iyenebs) gamoxatuli da,
amgvarad, ar SeiZleba ègreT wodebuli~ iyos; an, SesaZle-
belia, zambinelas pirovneba, misi ieris miuxedavad, TvalT-
maqcobiT, siyalbiT, TviTmarqviaobiT Seilaxa; am ègreT wo-
debuli~ ieris gasaqrobad, zambinela kastratis kostiumiT
unda Seimosos, magram es papis karze gaTvaliswinebuli ar
yofila (HER. gamocana 6. gamocnoba).
(474) moqandakis aelvarebul mzeras, rogorc Cans, anda-
manturi zemoqmedeba hqonda, * ACT. ìncidenti~ (koncertze,
speqtaklze): 1: scenaze mdgomi artistis yuradRebis mipy-
robis mcdeloba.
(475) vinaidan musikosma uneburad gamoxeda * ACT. ìnci-
denti~: 2: yuradRebis gamowveva. ** REF. italiuroba (amieri-
dan diskursi zambinelas mdedrobiT sqesSi ukve aRar svams).
(476) da zeciuri xma auTrTolda. * ACT. “incidenti~: 3:
artistis aRelveba. ** ACT. `safrTxe~ (rac zambinelas emuq-
reba): 7: SiSiT gamowveuli reaqcia.
(477) mis bageebs mijaWvul sazogadoebas uneburma Cur-
Culma gadauara, ramac igi kidev ufro Seacbuna. * ACT. ìnci-
denti~: 4: saerTo aRelveba.
(478) skamze Camojda da simRera Sewyvita. * ACT. ìnciden-
ti~: 5: simReris, speqtaklis Sewyveta.
(479) kardinalma Cikoniaram, romelmac Tavisi prote-
Jes mzeras Tvali almacerad gaayola, frangi dainaxa. * ACT.
198
`mkvleloba~: 2: msxverplis moniSvna. `mkvlelobis~ Tanmim-
devruloba koncertze momxdari incidentis wyalobiT vi-
Tardeba, rac funqciurad gamarTlebulicaa: incidentis
gareSe (rac Tavad sarazinis dagvianebam gamoiwvia) zambinela
cocxali ver gadarCeboda, sarazini ki ar mokvdeboda.
(480) saeklesio saqmeebSi Tavisi erT-erTi damxmarisken
gadaixara da moqandakis saxeli hkiTxa. * ACT. `mkvleloba~: 3:
gamokiTxva.
(481) roca saWiro pasuxi miiRo, * ACT. `mkvleloba~: 4: in-
formaciis miReba.
(482) xelovani yuradRebiT SeaTvaliera. *ACT. `mkvle-
loba~: 5: mdgomareobis Sefaseba da Sinagani gadawyvetilebis
miReba.
(483) Semdeg Tanmxleb abats raRac ubrZana, ris Semdegac
es ukanaskneli saswrafod gauCinarda. * ACT. `mkvleloba~:
6: saidumlo gankarguleba. Tanmimdevrulobis am nawils ara
mxolod operaciuli, aramed semuri funqciac aqvs: is pir-
quS àtmosferos~ qmnis (eklesiis faruli Zalaufleba, akr-
Zaluli siyvaruli, saidumlo gankargulebebi da a.S.), iseTs,
rogoric, bedis ironiiT, ase aklda imedgacruebul sarazins,
romelic sasiyvarulo Sexvedris nacvlad, komediantebis
Rreobaze moxvda (#№316).
(484) amasobaSi zambinela gons moego da * ACT. ìnciden-
ti~: 6: Tavis xelSi ayvana.
(485) simRera ganagrZo, * ACT. incidenti: 7: simReris, speq-
taklis gagrZeleba.
(486) romelic man TviTneburad Sewyvita; * SEM. ganTqmu-
li varskvlavi.
LXXXI. pirovnebis xma

novela da Cveni analizic dasasruls uaxlovdeba. maSa-
sadame, saWiroa isev davubrundeT TiToeul xmas (TiToeul
kods), romelTa wnulic teqsts qmnis. ai, Cven winaSea erT-
erTi bolo sema. ra SeiZleba mogvces am semebis analizma?
sema (anu Tavad konotaciuri aRsaniSni) konotatoria, ro-
melic konkretul pirovnebasTan, adgilTan, sagnebTan gvag-
zavnis, xolo misi aRsaniSni _ esa Tu is niSania. niSani aris
199
zedsarTavi, atributi, predikati (mag. zebunebrivi, bneli,
ganTqmuli, rTuli, ukiduresi, uRmerTo da a.S.). da Tun-
dac cxadi iyos konotacia, misi aRsaniSnis saxeldeba mainc
saeWvo, miaxloebiTi da arastabiluria; Tu ras davarqmevT
am aRsaniSns, didwiladaa damokidebuli Cven mier SerCeuli
kritikuli xedvis kuTxeze: sema araferia, Tu ara amosavali
wertili, mniSvnelobis gza, romelic SegviZlia gansxvavebu-
li peizaJebiT, Tematikuri konfiguraciebiT movawesrigoT
(Cven aq amgvari mowesrigebis arc erTi SesaZlebloba ar ga-
gvixorcielebia, SevadgineT misi niSnebis sia, magram dala-
geba ar gvicdia). Tuki sagnebTan an garemosTan dakavSirebul
semebs gverdiT gadavdebT, romlebic isedac iSviaTia (yovel
SemTxvevaSi, am novelaSi), maSin aRmoCndeba, rom yovelgvari
sema pirovnebis ideologias ukavSirdeba (klasikur teqstSi
semebis gaanalizeba amgvari ideologiis gamovlenas niSnavs):
pirovneba semebis erTobliobaa (da piriqiT, semebs SeuZlia
erTi personaJidan meoreSi gadasvla, oRond erTgvar sim-
bolur siRrmemde unda CavideT, sadac pirovnebis gageba Ta-
vis relevanturobas kargavs: aqedan gamomdinare, sarazini
da mTxrobeli saerTo semebis matarebelni arian). amgvarad,
klasikuri TvalTaxedviT (ufro fsiqologiuriT, vidre sim-
boluriT), sarazini iseTi semebis jami, erTobliobaa, rogo-
rebicaa: mousvenroba, xelovnebis niWi, damoukidebloba, Za-
ladoba, gadaWarbebuloba, qaluroba, ulamazoba, rTuli xa-
siaTi, uRmerToba, danakuwebis siyvaruli, nebeloba da a.S. da
amave dros, Cndeba iluzia, rom am erTobliobas raRac Zvir-
fasi naSTi agvirgvinebs (individualurobis msgavsi raRac,
romelsac Tvisobrivi, gamouTqmeli buneba aqvs da Semadge-
neli niSnebis vulgarul gamoTvlas gaurbis); da am iluzias
qmnis sakuTari saxeli, romelic sakuTari SinaarsiTaa Sev-
sebuli. sakuTari saxeli SesaZleblobas aZlevs pirovnebas,
semebs miRma iarsebos, Tumca is mTlianad maTi jamisgan Sed-
geba. rogorc ki saxeli warmoiSoba (Tundac nacvalsaxelis
formiT), rogorc semebis Tavmomyreli da SemakavSirebeli,
isini (semebi) predikatebad, WeSmaritebis induqtorebad gar-
daiqmnebian, xolo saxeli subieqti xdeba.
amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Txrobis Tavisebureba aris
ara siuJeturi moqmedeba, aramed personaJi, rogorc saku-
200
Tari saxeli. semuri masala (romelic Cveni siuJetis istoriaSi
zogierT moments Seesabameba) sakuTrebis ideas myofobiT av-
sebs, xolo saxels _ zedsarTavebiT. semebis inventarizacia
da struqturacia, pirovnebis xmis wvdoma, SeiZleba bevrad
daexmaros fsiqologiur kritikas, nawilobriv _ Tematurs,
nawilobriv _ fsiqoanalitikurs: yvelaferi damokidebu-
lia im doneze, romelzec semebis nominacias SevaCerebT.
(487) Tumca cudad Seasrula * dabneuloba grZeldeba, ma-
gram dakavSirebulia ukve ara koncertze momxdar incident-
Tan, aramed im safrTxesTan, rac, rogorc zambinela grZnobs,
mas emuqreba (ACT. `saSiSroeba~: 8: safrTxis molodini).
(488) da mravali Txovnis miuxedavad, gadaWriT ganacxada
uari, kidev rame emRera, * ACT. ìncidenti~: koncertis, war-
modgenis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqma.
(489) es uari Tavneba tiraniis pirveli ganacxadi iyo, ra-
mac mogvianebiT niWze aranakleb Seuwyo xeli didebisken mis
svlas * saxelganTqmuloba. moxmobili leqsia saSualebas iZ-
leva moixelTos yovelgvari konotaciuri semis arsi: saxel-
ganTqmulobis `TviTneburi~ buneba aranair leqsikonSi ar
gvxvdeba, mas SeiZleba mxolod floberis `sayovelTaod mi-
Rebuli azrebis leqsikonSi~ mivakvlioT, romelic farTod
gavrcelebuli konotaciebis leqsikoni aRmoCndeboda. **
zambinelas mier nagrZnobi `safrTxisgan~ male axali Txro-
biTi Tanmimdevruloba ganviTardeba, romelic sarazinis
mier kastratis motacebisas sruliad konkretuli muqaridan
iRebs saTaves; amgvarad, aq ukve am Tanmimdevrulobis ganvi-
Tarebas eyreba safuZveli: momavalma drom (mogvianebiT) da-
gvarwmuna, rom zambinela sarazinis agresias gadaurCa (ACT.
muqara: 1: kvanZis gaxsnis winaswarmetyveleba).
(490) imasac amboben, rom Tavis uzarmazar qonebas is ga-
regnul mSvenierebas ufro unda umadlodes, vidre sakuTar
xmas. * gamocanis jaWvi axla ukve TiTqmis aRdgenilia. mas
Semdeg, rac zemoT moxmobili leqsiis wyalobiT SevityveT,
ra didi qonebis patronia kastrati, gasagebi gvrCeba, aris Tu
ara moxucebuli zambinela qalbaton de lantis biZa, rac de
lantis ojaxis qonebis warmomavlobas naTels mohfens (HER.
gamocana: 2: lantebis qoneba; TemasTan dabruneba). is faqti,
201
rom zambinelas uzarmazari qonebis mosapoveblad silamaze
ufro daexmara, vidre xma, naTlad adasturebs im sasiyva-
rulo `mfarvelobas~, romelsac mis mimarT kardinali iCens;
amgvarad, de lantis ojaxis simdidre, Tavisi warmomavlo-
biT, ùwminduria~ (misi wyaro `prostituciaa~).
(491) _ es qalia, warmoTqva sarazinma, romelsac egona,
rom marto iyo, aq raRac saidumlo intriga imaleba. kardi-
nali Cikoniara papsa da mTel roms atyuebs! * HER. gamocana 6:
sarazinis mier Tavis motyueba. tyuilisTvis fardis axdasac
ki ar SeuZlia sarazinis mier sakuTari Tavis motyuebaze ga-
vlenis moxdena: Cven ukve viciT, rom moqandake upiratesobas
ufro utyuar kodebs aniWebs, vidre faqtebs. * REF. makiavelu-
ri kodi (saidumlo intrigebis warmosaxuli qseli, mzakvru-
li ciliswamebani, yvelganmwvdomi da gawafuli tyuili: pa-
ranoiuli sivrce da papisa da florenciuli italiis kodi).
(492) moqandakem darbazi saswrafod datova, * ACT. `kon-
certi~: 5: darbazis datoveba.
(493) Tavisi megobrebi Sekriba * ACT. `motaceba~: 5: Tana-
mzraxvelTa Sekreba.
(494) da sasaxlis ezoSi damala. * ACT. `motaceba~: 7:
Casafreba.
(495)zambinela sarazinis wasvlam gaaoca da TiTqos daam-
Svida. * ACT. `safrTxe: 9: damSvideba.
(496) SuaRamisken iseTi Cqari nabijebiT gaiara sasaxlis
darbazebi, TiTqos Casafrebul mters eZebda * REF. qrono-
logia (SuaRamisken, anu im saRamos, roca koncerti Sedga).
** ACT. `safrTxe~: 10: eWvis qveS yofna. am momentidan `safr-
Txis~ Tanmimdevruloba gzas uTmobs `muqaris~ Tanmimdevru-
lobas. amasTan, moqmedeba brundeba saxelosnoSi, sadac zam-
binelas ise miiyvanen, rogorc sarazinis tyves. miuxedavad
imisa, rom orive proairetizmi Zalian hgavs erTmaneTs, isini
sxvadasxvagvarad wesrigdebian. incidentebiT ganmeorebuli
safrTxe winaTgrZnobisa Tu reaqciebis jaWvad yalibdeba, mu-
qara _ krizisuli modelis Sesabamisad agebul Tanmimdevru-
lobad; safrTxe SeiZleba iyos Ria, usasrulo seria, xolo
muqara _ Caketili, dasasrulis momTxovni struqtura. Tu-
mca orive Tanmimdevrulobas Soris arsebobs struqturuli
202
kavSiri: aqa-iq gabneuli safrTxis elementebi muqaris obie-
qtze mianiSnebs; zambinelas, rogorc ukve karga xnis win mo-
niSnul msxverpls, muqaris Semcveli krizisis stadiaSi Ses-
vla SeuZlia.
(497) da iqauroba datova. * ACT. `motaceba~: 8: msxverplis
mSvidobiani wasvla.
(498) sasaxlis zRurblis gadalaxvisTanave moxerxebu-
lad Seipyres viRac kacebma, romlebmac pirSi cxvirsaxoci
CaCares da sarazinis mier daqiravebul karetaSi Casves. * ACT.
`motaceba~: 9: motaceba, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. struqtu-
rulad es motaceba uzadodaa organizebuli: Tanamzraxve-
lebi Segrovebulia № # 440-Si, Seikribnen №
# 493-Si, Causafrdnen
#№494-Si, xolo kareta (swrafmavali transporti) motacebis
adgilze #№463-Si miiyvanes).
(499) SiSiT Sepyrobili zambinela ekipaJis kuTxeSi miiyuJa
da ar inZreoda; am dros Tavis win samariseburi siCumiT mocu-
li moqandake dainaxa. * ACT. `muqara~: 2: SeSinebuli msxverpli.
(500) bevri ar uvliaT. * ACT. `motaceba~: 10: mgzavroba.
sxva TxrobiT teqstSi es elementi zogjer dausrulebel ka-
talizs emorCileba, rac SeiZleba mTeli romanisa Tu mTeli
filmis ganmavlobaSi gaiwelos.
(501) male sarazinis mier motacebulma zambinelam mxa-
tvris bnel da TiTqmis cariel saxelosnoSi amoyo Tavi. *
ACT. `motaceba~: 1: ganmartoebul adgilas misvla.
(502) SiSisgan cocxal-mkvdari momRerali skamze miesvena
* ACT. `muqara~: 3: usicocxlo msxverpli.
(503) da verc ki bedavda, mis winaSe mdgari qalis qandake-
bisTvis Seexeda, romelSic sakuTari nakvTebi ecnaureboda.
_ teqstis meore versia ufro logikuri iqneboda: `romelSic
man sakuTari nakvTebi icno~. * ACT. `qandakeba~: 1: obieqtis
Tematizacia, romlis garSemoc male qmedebaTa mTeli rigi
moiyris Tavs. SYM. sxeulTa reproduqcia: qandakeba im gr-
Zeli jaWvis erT-erTi rgoli aRmoCndeba, romelSic idealu-
ri qalis sxeuli mravalgzis gamravldeba _ zambineladan _
Jirodes endimionamde.
(504) sityvac
��
ar warmouTqvams, magram kbilebi ukawkaweb-
da. SiSs erTianad Seepyro. * ACT. `muqara~: damunjebuli
msxverpli.
203
(505) sarazini
��
oTaxSi bolTas scemda. moulodnelad zam-
binelas win SeCerda.
_ simarTle miTxari, * HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki. gamoca-
na amocnobilia, Tumca gmiri mainc meryeobs: frazaSi _ si-
marTle miTxari _ igulisxmeba: 1) rom sarazinis eWvi grZel-
deba da Tan imedsac itovebs; 2) rom amieridan is zambinelas
Cveulebriv `gaiZverad~ Tvlis, romlisTvisac nebadarTulia
SenobiT mimarTva (aqamde sarazinma zambinelas SenobiT mxo-
lod 2-jer mimarTa, #№444-sa da #№445-Si, magram maSin mas ise
esaubreboda, rogorc zeaRmatebul arsebas, romelsac li-
rikis keTilSobilur enaze unda elaparako).
(506) yru da minavlebuli xmiT warmoTqva, * dasavleTSi
iTvleba, rom yru bgera (sxeulis siRrmidan amomavali) raRac
idumalisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, saidumlo grZnobis kono-
tirebas axdens: sarazinma icis, rom zambinela ar aris qali
(HER. gamocana 6: gamocanis pasuxi, romelic sarazinma saku-
Tar Tavs ukarnaxa).
(507) _ Sen qali xar? * HER. gamocana 6: ekivoki (am frazaSi
CarTuli tyuili Tavisi kiTxviTi formiT koreqtirdeba).
(508) kardinali Cikoniara... * HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis
mier Tavis motyueba (sarazini ubrundeba azrs romauli in-
trigebis Sesaxeb (#№491), anu cdilobs axsnas is, rac zambi-
nelas qalobis dajerebis saSualebas miscems). REF. makiave-
luri kodi.
(509) muxlebze dacemulma zambinelam pasuxis nacvlad
Tavi daxara. * HER. gamocana 6: sarazinisTvis zambinelas mier
nakarnaxevi gamocanis pasuxi.
(510) _ o, diax, qali xar _ SesZaxa mxatvarma gaSmagebiT,
vinaidan isic ki... _ da sityva aRar dausrulebia.
_ ara! _ wamoiwyo isev _ ara! is (il) ase ar daecemoda. *
HER. gamocana 6: sarazinis mier Tavis motyueba. fsiqologiur
sabuTs sarazini ukanasknelad mihyavs cdomilebisken, Tavis
siSmages ukanasknel TavSesafars aZlevs. sarazini, romelmac
qalurobis arsi qalTa sisusteSi dainaxa, amjerad axal fi-
guras _ kastrats Seejaxa, romlisTvisac biologiuri ar-
sebebis zneobriv ierarqiaSi adgili unda moeZebna; absolu-
turi, upirobo sisustis qalur bunebasTan dakavSirebisken
204
swrafviT, sarazini kastrats raRac Sualedur adgilas aTav-
sebs (`TviT kastratsac ar SeuZlia aseTi unamusobis Cadena~);
entimema, saidanac momdinareobs nebismieri sabuTi, moce-
mul SemTxvevaSi, ase igeba: arsebaTagan yvelaze sulmokle _
qalia; zambinela ki, Tavisi damcirebuli poziTa da qceviT,
Tavs sulmokleobis umcires safexurze svams; Sedegad, zam-
binela mainc qalia. ** SYM. tabu sityva `kastratze~. *** SYM.
saSuali sqesis grafikulad Cveneba: mkveTradaa gamoyofili
nacvalsaxeli is (il), romlis mamrobiTi buneba eWvqveS dgeba.
(511) _ oh, nu momklavT! _ SesZaxa aqviTinebulma zambi-
nelam. * ACT. `muqara~: 5: Sewyalebis pirveli mudara. srulia-
dac ar aris aucilebeli, rom Sewyalebis Txovna usaTuod
uSualo muqaras mohyves, igi SeiZleba erTgvarma SfoTianma
gancdebmac gamoiwvios, romlebic arsebuli mdgomareobiTa
da im siSmagiTaa konotirebuli, riTac sarazinia Sepyrobili.
(512) Tqvens motyuebaze mxolod imitom davTanxmdi, rom
megobrebis guli momego, romelTac sicili surdaT. * HER.
`maqinacia~: 2: strategemis gamoaSkaraveba (Cven ukve viciT,
rom sicili kastraciis substiututia).
(513) _ sicili! _ jojoxeTuri xmiT warmoTqva mo-
qandakem, _ sicili? da Sen gabede, kacis grZnobebze geTamaSa?
* sicilis damsaWurisebeli roli aq kastraciis safrTxis
winaaRmdeg sarazinis mamakacuri protestiT dasturdeba.
cnobilia, rom adleri gvTavazobda mamakacuri protesti
gvewodebina yvelafrisTvis, rac sxva adamianebTan mimarTe-
biT pasiur mdgomareobas ewinaaRmdegeboda, Semdeg ki es
protesti ufro zustad ganisazRvra iseTi gagebis Semota-
niT, rogoricaa qalurobaze uaris Tqma. marTlac, sarazini
uaryofs qalurobas, Tumca amgvari Tvisebebi mis xasiaTs ar
aklia; `paradoqsi~, rasac Tavad sarazini warmoaCens, aris is,
rom misi mamakacuroba, sicilis damsaWurisebeli iaraRis
wyalobiT, swored im arsebisganaa xelyofili, vinc sruliad
moklebulia mamakacur sawyiss (SYM. mamakacuri protesti).
(514) o, SemiwyaleT! _ SesTxova zambinelam. * ACT.
`muqara~: 6: Sewyalebis meore Txovna.
(515) wesiT, unda momekali! _ da gamZvinvarebulma sara-
zinma xmali iSiSvla, * ACT. muqara~: 7: sikvdilis pirveli
205
muqara (pirobiTi kilo gvamcnobs, rom muqara, savaraudod,
aRar aRsruldeba).
(516) magram _ civad ganagrZo _ * ACT. `muqara~: 8: uari
muqaraze.
(517) Seni sxeuli am basri maxviliTac rom ganmegmira,
nuTu vpovebdi masSi raime iseT grZnobas, romelic SurisZi-
ebis wyurvils damiamebda? Sen arara xar! qali rom yofili-
yavi an mamakaci, mogklavdi! * SYM. kastrati _ araraoba.
sarazini Semdegnairad fiqrobs: `Sen kastraciis wreSi Cemi
CaTreva scade. Senze Suris saZieblad da dasasjelad unda
damesaWurisebine (Seni sxeuli maxvilis am mWreli piriT rom
gamekveTa), magram amas veRar gavakeTeb, radgan ukve saWurisi
xar~. survilis dakargva kastrats sicocxlis da sikvdilis
miRma ayenebs, ris gamoc igi klasifikaciis yovelgvari Car-
Codan gamodis: rogor unda mokla is, rac aranair gansazR-
vrebas ar eqvemdebareba? marTlacda, rogor unda CavwvdeT
im movlenas, romelic arRvevs ara biologiuri sqesis Sina-
gani wesrigis paradigmas (transvestits am wesrigis Semob-
runeba SeuZlia, magram ver gaaqrobs mas: kaci rom yofiliya-
vi, mogklavdi), aramed TviT gansxvavebis arsebobas, saidanac
ara mxolod cxovreba, aramed mniSvnelobac warmoiqmneba.
amqveynad yvelaze saSineli sikvdili ki ara, sicocxlesa da
sikvdils Soris arsebuli sazRvris rRvevaa.
(518) magram... zizRis gamomxatveli JestiT ganagrZo
sarazinma, * SYM. tabu sityva `kastratze~. ** SYM. saSinele-
ba, dawyevliloba, marginaluroba.
(519) ramac aiZula Tavi moebrunebina da am dros qandakeba
dainaxa. * ACT. `qandakeba~: 2: manamde ukve Tematizebuli sag-
nis SemCneva.
LXXXII. Glissando
erTsa da imave frazaSi gverdigverd ori kodia das-
muli: es operacia imdenad saxasiaToa sakiTxavi teqstisT-
vis, rom umniSvnelod ver CavTvliT. orive kodi erT enobriv
mTlianobaSia gaerTianebuli da, erTi SexedviT, erTmaneT-
Tan bunebriv kavSirSia: amgvari bunebrioba (rac, ubralod,
aTaswleulobiT arsebuli sintaqsis bunebis gamomJRavne-
206
baa) warmoiqmneba yovel jerze, roca diskurss am or kods
Soris daxvewili (am sityvis maTematikuri gagebiT, amocanis
daxvewilad amoxsna) urTierTobis damyarebis Zala Seswevs.
es daxvewiloba erTgvari kauzaluri glisandos meSveobiT
miiRweva, rac, magaliTad, simboluri da proairetuli fe-
nomenebis erT frazad gaerTianebaSi gamoixateba. amgvarad,
kastratis mimarT zizRi (simboluri elementi) da qandakebis
ganadgureba (proaireteuli elementi) wvrili kauzalobebis
mTeli jaWvis daxmarebiT yalibdeba, romlebic erTmaneTis
gverdigverd, mijriT ewyobian da Zafis kvanZebisgan Seqmnil
qsovils emsgavsebian, romelic erTi SexedviT gluvia: 1) kas-
tratis mzera sarazinSi zizRs iwvevs; 2) es zizRi misi mzeris
survils ukargavs; 3) ardanaxvis survili Tavs abrunebinebs;
4) am mobrunebisas misi Tvalebi SeniSnavs qandakebas da a.S.
amgvarad aRmocendeba kavSirTa mTeli wyeba, rac saSualeba
iZleva, simbolur da operaciul sistemaTa rabebis msgavsad,
mTeli Tavisi bunebriobiT gza gakvalos winadadebisken
(`sarazini zizRis gamomxatveli JestiT Tavs moabrunebs da
swored am dros dainaxavs qandakebas~). diskursis zedapirze
asvlisas citirebuli kodi Tavis maxasiaTebel niSans kar-
gavs da (rogorc axal Sesamosels) `maradiuli~ frazidan mo-
sul sintaqsur formas iRebs. es forma mas umankoebas aniWebs
da sasaubro enis usazRvro bunebaSi aRasaydrebs.
(520) _ es xom iluziaa! _ wamoiZaxa man. * ACT. `qandakeba~:
3: imedgacrueba (Tematizirebuli obieqtis tyuiliT, sicar-
ieliT). ** HER. gamocana: 6: gamocanis amoxsna Tavad sarazinis
mier.
(521) Semdeg zambinelas miubrunda da ganagrZo: qalis
guls SeeZlo CemTvis TavSesafrad, samSoblod qceuliyo.
debi xom ar gyavs, Sen rom ggavdnen? ara? * SYM. sxeulis re-
produqcia. ** zambinelas debis moxseneba saSualebas iZleva,
wuTierad gamoisaxos qali-kastrati, romelic Sesworebuli,
gankurnebuli kastratia (SYM. aRdgenili kastrati).
LXXXIII. pandemia
kastracia gadamdebi seniviTaa, is azianebs yvelafers,
rasac ki Seexeba (is Seexo sarazins, mTxrobels, axalgazrda
qals, Txrobas, oqros): aseTia am novelis erT-erTi `mtkice-
207
buleba~ (`sarazini~). igivea qandakebis SemTxvevaSic: Tuki is
iluziaa, imitom ki ara, rom xelovnuri saSualebebiT amza-
debs realuri sagnis asls, romlis materialuroba misTvis
miuwvdomelia (banaluri mosazreba), aramed imitom, rom es
sagani (la Zambinella) _ carielia. `realisturi~ nawarmoebis
amosavali unda iyos modelis mTlianoba, rogorc WeSmar-
iteba, romelsac aslis gamkeTebli xelovani Signidan unda
icnobdes (Cven ukve viciT, ra funqcias asrulebs ganmosva
moqandake sarazinisTvis); zambinelas SemTxvevaSi, nebis-
mieri qandakebis Sinagani sicariele (rac, ueWvelia, izidavs
qandakebis moyvarulT da xatmbrZolobas simbolur kon-
teqsts aniWebs) saWurisis umTavres naklovanebas asaxavs:
qandakebaSi ironiuli WeSmariteba da dramatuli uxamsoba
vlindeba: modelis sicarielem asli daipyro da mas saza-
reli mniSvneloba mianiWa: qandakeba kastraciis metonimi-
uri ZaliT Selaxuli aRmoCnda. Zneli ar aris gavigoT, rom am
Zalas gmiri upirispirebs sxva metonimias _ qalurobis bed-
nierebismomtan da madlismomfen metonimias. nanatri debi
saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovidginoT aRdgenili, sqesdab-
runebuli da gankurnebuli kastrati, romelmac zians Tavi
daaRwia, rogorc sazarel garss, mxolod WeSmariti qaluro-
ba rom SeenarCunebina. zogierT erSi arsebobs wesi, romlis
Tanaxmadac, mamakacebi colad irTaven ara konkretul qals,
aramed erTgvar ojaxs (sororati, sororaluri poligamia,
levirati). asevea sarazinic: gamofituli garsisgan (romel-
mac xelSi Seatova kastrati) is zambinelaseuli arsisken
garbis, arsisken, romelic mogvianebiT marianinasa da fili-
poSi airekleba.
(522) maS, mokvdi! * ACT. `muqara~: 9: mokvliT meored
damuqreba.
(523) magram ara, sjobs icocxlo! SenTvis sicocxle xom
sikvdilze uaresia? * ACT. `muqara~: 11: muqaris uaryofa
** SYM. kastrati, romelic yovelgvari sistemis miRmaa.
sikvdili aq xelyofili, damaxinjebuli, saxewarTmeulia (im-
ave gagebiT, rasac gamoxatavs sityva _ damaxinjebuli) kas-
traciis wyalobiT. arsebobs WeSmariti sikvdili, aqtiuri,
romelic klasifikacias eqvemdebareba da rac sicocxlis
208
sistemis nawils Seadgens, xolo sistemis gareT myofi kas-
trati sikvdilsac ver imsaxurebs.
(524) me arc sakuTari sisxli menaneba, arc cxovreba, mag-
ram Cemi momavali da gulSi Cakluli sixaruli madardebs.
Cemi bedniereba Senma sustma xelma Seiwira. * sarazini saub-
robs Tavis sikvdilze, romelsac, rogorc Cans, ukve Seegua
(ACT. `sikvdilis survili~: 5: sakuTar sikvdilze winaswar
saubari). ** SYM. kastracia gadamdebia.
(525) ra imedi unda wargtaco yovelive imisTvis, rac CemSi
Cakali? Senamde damamdable. giyvardes, uyvarde! es sityvebi
amieridan CemTvisac iseve uazroa, rogorc SenTvis. * SYM.
kastracia gadamdebia: sarazini dasaWurisebulia.
LXXXIV. sruli literatura

zambinelas arsebaSi Cabudebulma borotebam, bolos da
bolos, sarazinic (`Sens simaRlemde daveSvi~) daazarala. aq
cxaddeba kastraciis gadamdebi Zala, romlis metonimiuri
Zala Seuqcevadia: sakmarisia kastraciisTvis damaxasiaTe-
bel sicarielesTan Sexeba, rom ara mxolod sqesi ispoba,
aramed xelovnebac imsxvreva (nadgurdeba qandakeba), ena
kvdeba (`giyvardes, uyvarde! es sityvebi amieridan CemTvisac
iseve uazroa, rogorc SenTvis~); yovelive aqedan ki cxadi
xdeba, rom sarazinis metafizikis mixedviT, azri, xelovneba
da sqesi _ erT substituciur jaWvs qmnis da es sisrulis
jaWvia. balzakiseuli novela, rogorc xelovnebis nimuSi
(TxrobiTi), polisemiis mobilizebiT (klasikuri teqstis
polisemia) da sqesis TematizebiT, ukve Tavad xdeba sisru-
lis simbolo (Tumca, male davrwmundebiT, rom is raRac
sxvas _ am sisrulis katastroful rRvevas asaxavs): teqsti
savsea mravalobiTi, wyvetili da uwesrigo mniSvnelobebiT
da, amis miuxedavad, is mainc bolomde gawmendilia frazebis
`bunebrivi~ moZraobis wyalobiT: es aris teqsti-kvercxi. re-
nesansis xanis erTma avtorma (pier fabri) dawera Txzuleba,
saTauriT: `sruli ritorikis didi da WeSmariti xelovneba~
(Le grand et vrai art de pleine rhétorique). aqedan gamomdinare,
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom yoveli klasikuri teqsti (sakiTxavi
teqsti) impliciturad sruli literaturis mTel xelovne-
209
bas, anu iseT literaturas gulisxmobs, romelic, komodis
msgavsad, gadavsebulia mowesrigebulad dalagebuli mniS-
vnelobebiT (amgvar teqstebSi arasodes araferi ikargeba,
vinaidan mniSvneloba yvelaframde aRwevs). aseTi literatu-
ra mdedrs mogvagonebs, romelic savsea aRmniSvnelebiT da
maT Sobas kritika ar daayovnebs; is siRrmemde moZravi muxtiT
aRsavse zRvas emsgavseba, romelic usasrulobis da naoWas-
xmulis iers aniWebs mas; is mzesac hgavs, romelic didebisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli sisavsiT asxivebs da romelsac literatu-
ra Tavis Semqmnelebs mohfens. dabolos, is hgavs xelovnebas,
romelic Riad acxadebs Tavisi instituciuri bunebis Sesa-
xeb. es aris sruli literatura, sakiTxavi teqsti, romelic
ukve veRar Seasrulebs weris funqcias: simboluri sisrule
(romelic romantikul xelovnebaSi kulminacias aRwevs) Cveni
kulturis ukanaskneli avataria.
(526) realuri qalis Semyure, yovelTvis am warmosax-
viT qalze vifiqreb... _ da man imedgacruebis gamomxatveli
JestiT qandakebaze miuTiTa. * qandakeba, warmosaxviTi qali
(idealuri) da realuri qali _ sxeulebis reproduqciuli
jaWvis rgolebia, romlebic kastraciisTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li naklulovanebis wyalobiT, sabediswerodaa gawyvetili
(SYM. sxeulTa asli). ** ACT. `qandakeba~: 4: Tematizebuli
obieqtiT gamowveuli uimedoba.
(527) _ yovelTvis memaxsovreba zeciuri harpia, romelic
Tavis brWyalebs Caasobs Cems grZnobebs da yvela qals aras-
rulqmnilebis beWeds daasvams! * SYM. kastraciis buneba,
romelic seniviT gadamdebia. harpiebis saxe, erTsa da imave
dros, konotaciurad miuTiTebs kastraciaze (brWyalebis
gamo) da danaSaulis SegrZnebaze (eriniebis motividan gamo-
mdinare). qalTa sxeulebis kodi, Tavisi arsiT dawerili ko-
di (vinaidan es aris xelovnebis, kulturis kodi), amieridan
naklovanebiT iqneba daRdasmuli.
(528) urCxuli! * es mimarTva aq sityvasityviTi mniSvne-
lobiTaa gamoyenebuli. urCxuli bunebis miRmaa da klas-
ifikacias ar eqvemdebareba, is moklebulia azrs (es sema ukve
daukavSirda moxucs) (SEM _ bunebis miRmuri).
(529) Sen, romelic sicocxles verafers mianiWeb, * SYM.
sxeulTa gamravleba.
210
LXXXV. gawyvetili jaWvi
zambinela, rogorc `warmosaxviTi~ qali (e.i. Tanamed-

rove enaze rom vTqvaT, sarazinSi sakuTari qvecnobieris
ucodinrobiT aRmocenebuli qali), SemTxveviTi, fragmen-
tuli gamonaTqvamebisa (ramdenic realuri qalicaa, imdenive
fetiSia) da yovelgvari silamazis safuZvelSi arsebuli
kodis, anu Sedevris, rogorc amosavali wertilisa da sabo-
loo miznis damakavSirebeli rgolis funqcias asrulebda.
sakmarisi iyo am rgolis amovardna (vinaidan is uxorcoa),
rom mTeli satranslacio sistema daingra. aman ganapiroba
sarazinis imedgacrueba, sxeulTa jaWvi ki Seikra. maSasadame,
kastraciis banalurma gansazRvrebam (`Sen, romelic sicocx-
les verafers mianiWeb~), struqturuli mniSvneloba SeiZina
da ara marto sxeulTa esTetikuri gamravlebis process Se-
exo (realisturi xelovnebiseuli àsli~), aramed zogadad
metonimiur Zalasac: danaSauli, anu dasabamieri ubedureba
(ùrCxuli!~) swored aslebis cirkulaciis procesis moSlas
(esTetikuri Tu biologiuri), mniSvnelobaTa mowesrigebu-
li urTierTSeRwevisTvis xelis SeSlas gulisxmobs. maTi
gadabma arasasurvelia, rac, enis msgavsad, klasifikaci-
isa da ganmeorebis safuZvelzea warmoSobili. metonimiuri
bunebis (sakmaod Zlierad gamoxatuli) mqone kastracia, imav-
droulad, yovelgvar metonimias axSobs: cxovrebiseuli da
xelovnebiseuli movlenebis SemakavSirebeli jaWvebi iseve
gawyvetili aRmoCndeba, rogorc male qandakebac daimsxvre-
va, romelic sxeulebis translaciis cnobil process ganasa-
xierebs (magram qandakeba gadarCeba da raRac miseuli gada-
ecema adoniss, endimions, de lantebs, mTxrobels, mkiTxvels).
(530) CemTvis samyaro yvela qalisagan gaaukacriele... *
SYM. kastracia pandemiuria. ** gmiris fizikur sikvdils
win uswrebs sami nawilobrivi sikvdili _ qalebisTvis, sia-
movnebisTvis, xelovnebisTvis (ACT. `sikvdilis survili~: 6:
sikvdili qalebisTvis).
(531) sarazini SeSinebuli momRerlis pirispir dajda;
amomSrali Tvalebidan ori msxvili cremli gadmoucurda,
mis mamakacur loyaze grZlad Camogorda da miwaze daewve-
211
Ta: es sibrazis mwvave da mwveli cremlebi iyo. * REF. crem-
lebis kodi. gmiris kodi mamakacs uflebas aZlevs, mxolod
garkveuli istoriuli xasiaTis mqone ritualis Zalian viw-
ro sazRvrebSi itiros. magaliTad, miSle aqebda wminda lu-
dovikos da, amave dros, Surda misi, radgan igi `cremlebis
madls~ flobda; aseve bevrs tirian rasinis tragediebSi da
a.S. iaponiaSi ki samuraebisgan memkvidreobiT miRebul buSi-
dos cxovrebis xelovnebaSi, yovelgvari garegnuli emociis
gamoxatva akrZalulia. Tavad sarazins oTxi mizezis gamo aqvs
tirilis ufleba: ganadgurda misi ocneba mxatvrobaze, siy-
varulze; vinaidan is unda mokvdes (is veRar icocxlebs mas
Semdeg, rac itira); vinaidan is martoa (kastrati xom araraa);
vinaidan Tavad mamakacurobasa da cremlebs Soris arsebuli
sxvaoba paTetikuria, miT ufro, rom cremli cota (sul ori
wveTi) da mwvelia (is ukavSirdeba ara saZulvel sinotives,
rac qalurobasTan asocirdeba, aramed cecxls _ mSralsa da
mamakacurs).
(532) _ siyvaruli aRar arsebobs! movkvdi yovelgvari
siamovnebisaTvis, adamianuri grZnobebisaTvis! * SYM. kas-
traciiT dasnebovneba. ** ACT. `sikvdilis survili~: 7: sia-
movnebaTa, grZnobebis dasasruli.
(533) am sityvebiT man xeli waavlo CaquCs da qandakebas
iseTi arnaxuli ZaliT esrola, * ACT. `sikvdilis survili~:
8: kvdoma xelovnebisTvis. ** ACT. `qandakeba~: 5: damangreveli
qceva.
(534) rom aacila; Tumca egona, rom Tavisi giJuri war-
mosaxvis es Zegli gaanadgura. *ACT. `qandakeba~: 6: gadarCeni-
li qandakeba. **SYM. sxeulis reproduqcia: jaWvi, in extremis,
SenarCunebulia.
(535) Semdeg xmali aiRo da momRerals mosaklavad
mouqnia.*ACT. `muqara~: 11: mokvlis mesame muqara.
(536) zambinelas saSineli yvirili aRmoxda. *ACT. `muqara~:
12: daxmarebisTvis xmoba. msxverplis mier dasaxmareblad
moxmoba ori TxrobiTi jaWvis _ `muqarisa~ da `mkvlelobis~
gaerTianebis saSualebas iZleva. msxverpli gadarCeba, rad-
gan Tavdamsxmeli mokvdeba: erTis mxsnelebi meoris mkvle-
lebi aRmoCndebian.
212
LXXXVI. empiriis xma
male proairetikul mimdevrobaTa jaWvi dasruldeba da
Txrobac mokvdeba. ra viciT Cven am mimdevrobaTa Sesaxeb?
is, rom isini kiTxvis Cveneuli unaridan momdinareoben, rom-
lis saSualebiTac, Sesabamisi saxelwodebebiT vcdilobT,
qmedebaTa esa Tu is rigi ganvazogadoT; im qmedebebisa, rom-
lebic, Tavis mxriv, adamianur gamocdilebaTa erovnuli sa-
ganZuridanaa amokrebili; rom, rogorc Cans, am proairetizme-
bis tipologiis gansazRvra rTulia, an, ukidures SemTxveva-
Si, albaTobis, empiriis, ukve-gakeTebulis an ukve-dawerilis
logikas eqvemdebarebian; vinaidan maTi wevrebis raodenoba
da rigi _ cvalebadia: maTgan zogi (kerZod, rodesac sauba-
ria yoveldRiur yofaze) nasesxebia yoveldRiur wvrilman
qmedebaTa praqtikuli rezervidan (karze dakakuneba, Sex-
vedris daTqma), sxvebi ki romaniseuli modelebis dawerili
nakrebidanaa aRebuli (motaceba, siyvarulis gamocxadeba,
mkvleloba); isic viciT, rom es mimdevrobebi Zalian advilad
eqvemdebareba katalizs, advilad ikvirteba da `xed~ ayvaveba
SeuZlia; rom logikur-droismier wesrigs daqvemdebarebi-
sas, isini sakiTxav teqsts uZlieres safuZvels uqmnian; rom
TavianTi tipobrivad xazovani, sintagmaturad mowesrige-
buli bunebis wyalobiT, isini SeiZleba TxrobiTi teqstebis
struqturuli analizisTvis sasurvel masalad gamodgnen.
(537) imwamsve oTaxSi sami mamakaci Semovarda * ACT.
`muqara~: 3: mxsnelebis mosvla. ** ACT. `mkvleloba~: 7: mkv-
lelebis Semosvla.
(538) da xanjlis sami dartymiT gangmiruli moqandake iqve
daeca. * ACT. `muqara~: 14: agresoris moSoreba. ** ACT. mkv-
leloba: 8: gmiris mokvla. iaraRi kodirebulia: xmali Rirse-
bis, Seuracxyofili siyvarulis, mamakacuri protestis fa-
likuri iaraRia (riTac sarazins jer zambinelas moxibvla
surda (301-Si), Semdeg ki kastratis gangmirva (535-Si) scada;
xolo xanjali (patara falosi) daqiravebuli mkvlelebis
ubadruki iaraRia, rac zustad Seefereba dasaWurisebul
gmirs.
(539) _ es kardinal Cikoniarasgan! _ Tqva erT-erTma maTgan-
ma. *ACT. `mkvleloba~: 9: mkvlelobis xelmoweriT gamyareba.
213
(540) qristianisTvis gaRebuli Rirseuli wyaloba, _
waiCurCula frangma sulis amosvlamde. * mkvlelis reli-
giurobaze ironiuli miniSnebis miuxedavad, msxverplis
piridan amosuli kurTxeva mkvlelobas TviTmkvlelobad
gardaqmnis: gmiri sikvdils sakuTar TavTan dadebuli
SeTanxmebis (240-Si) da im simboluri bedisweris Sesabami-
sad iRebs, romelsac kastraciasTan Sexebisas danebda (ACT.
`sikvdilis survili~: 9: sakuTari sikvdilis miReba).
(541) kardinalis bnelma emisrebma * REF. romanisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli bundovaneba (ix. qvemoT, daketili etli).
LXXXVII. mecnierebis xma

kulturuli kodebi, saidanac saraziniseulma teqstma
amdeni referenciebi amokriba, male miileva (yovel SemTx-
vevaSi, sxva teqstebSi gadainacvleben; aseTi teqstebi sak-
maodaa, rom isini gaiTavison): mcirewlovani mecnierebis
zrdasruli xma, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, gangveSoreba. faq-
tobrivad, moxmobili citatebi codnis erTgvari nakrebi-
dan, anonimuri wignidan momdinareobs, romlis saukeTeso
nimuSi, cxadia, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloa. marTlac, erTi
mxriv, es wigni-winamZRoli mecnierebisa (empiriuli dak-
virvebebis) da sibrZnis wignia, meore mxriv ki teqstSi gamoye-
nebuli didaqtikuri masala (xSirad imitomaa gamoyenebuli,
rom, rogorc ukve vnaxeT, esa Tu is msjeloba davasabuToT
an werilobiTi sityvis avtoritetiT ganvamtkicoT gancde-
bi), romelic metwilad Seesabameba klasikuri burJuaziuli
ganaTlebis mimRebi keTisindisieri moswavlis gankargule-
baSi arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis daaxloebiT 7 Tu 8 kre-
buls; am krebulebSi Sedioda: literaturis istoria (bai-
roni, aTas erTi Rame, ana redklifi, homerosi), xelovnebis
istoria (miqelanjelo, rafaeli, berZnuli saswauli), isto-
riis saxelmZRvanelo (ludoviko XV-is saukune), praqtiku-
li medicinis mokle kursi (avadmyofoba, gamojanmrTeleba,
sibere), fsiqologiuri traqtati (siyvarulis fsiqologia,
eTnikuri fsiqologia da a.S.), narkvevi zneobis Sesaxeb (misi
laTinuri versia: qristianobisa da stoikosebiseuli mora-
li), logikis saxelmZRvanelo (logikis silogizmi), ritori-
214
ka da maqsimebisa da andazebis krebuli, romelic exeba sico-
cxles, sikvdils, tanjvas, qalebs, asaks da a.S. wmindad wigni-
eri warmomavlobis miuxedavad, yvela am kods, burJuaziuli
ideologiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli cvlilebis wyalobiT,
romelic kulturas bunebad gardaqmnis, pretenzia aqvs, rom
TviT sinamdvilis, `cxovrebis~ utyuar safuZvlad iqces. am
gziT klasikur teqstSi `cxovreba~ sayovelTaod gavrcele-
buli azrebis an anbanuri WeSmaritebebis gulisamrev narevad,
sulisSemxuTvel safarvelad gardaiqmneba. swored am kul-
turul kodebSi koncentrirdeba balzakiseuli moZvelebu-
loba. maTSi gvxvdeba is, risi (ga)dawerac dRes SeuZlebelia.
es moZvelebuloba, simarTle rom iTqvas, ostatobis nakle-
bobidan an avtoris mier Tavis SemoqmedebaSi momavlis marc-
vlebis aRmocenebis uunarobidan ar momdinareobs. is ufro
metad sruli literaturis ganuyofeli nawilia, romelsac
masSive Cabudebuli momakvdinebeli stereotipebis mTeli
armia Casafrebia. amitomac, yovel epoqaSi swored sxvadasx-
vanairi xrikebis gziT Cndeboda referenciaTa (kulturuli
kodebis) kritika sruli literaturis sazRvrebze; iq, sadac
(gaugonari akrobatikisa da eWvebis fasad) dasaSvebi xdeba,
rom stereotipi kritikas daeqvemdebaros (gadmoinTxes igi)
ise, rom am dros sxva, axal streotips, kerZod, ironias ar miv-
marToT. SesaZloa, swored amis gakeTeba moaxerxa floberma
(amas kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT) `buvarsa da pekiuSeSi~, sadac
saskolo kodebis ori gadamweris TviT statusis ganusazR-
vrelobaa `warmodgenili~, vinaidan avtori (floberi) maTze
saubrisas aranair metaenas ar mimarTavs (potenciursac ki).
marTlac, kulturuli kodi am SemTxvevaSi ugunurebas ems-
gavseba: nuTu SesaZlebelia ugunurebis moTokva ise, rom am
dros sakuTari Tavi gonierad ar warmovaCinoT? SeiZleba Tu
ara, rom erTma kodma meoreze gaimarjvos ise, rom am dros
TviT kodebis mravlobiToba winaswargansazRvrulad ar
gaauqmos? ai, amitomaa, rom mxolod weras, romelic farTod
iyenebs mravlobiTobis princips, SeuZlia Zalisxmevis gareSe
SeewinaaRmdegos TiToeuli enis imperializms.
(542) zambinelas uambes, rom misi aRelvebuli mfarveli
SesasvlelTan, daxurul etlSi elodeboda, raTa Tavisi gu-
lis swori gaTavisuflebisTanave waeyvana * ACT. `muqara~: 15:
215
mxsnelebTan erTad dabruneba: ** ACT. `mkvleloba~: 10: sabo-
loo ganmarteba.
(543) _ ki magram, _ miTxra qalbatonma roSfidma, _ ra
kavSiri aqvs am istorias lantebTan nanax moxucTan? * HER.
gamocana 4: (vin aris moxuci?): formulireba.
(544) qalbatono, kardinalma Cikoniaram zambinelas
qandakeba moqandakis saxelosnodan wamoiRo da brZana, rom
is marmarilosgan gamoekveTaT. qandakeba axla albanis muze-
umSi inaxeba. * ACT. `qandakeba~: 7: mopovebuli qandakeba (ad-
re sarazins misi damsxvreva surda, magram CaquCi aacdina). **
erTmaneTTan gadaZaxilis mqone sxeulebis gaorebuli jaW-
vis kidev erTi rgoli marmariloSi aRdgenili qandakeba aR-
moCndeba, xolo reproducirebuli energiis wyaro _ kvlav
survili iqneba: Cikoniaram, romelic sindisis qenjnas sulac
ar ganicdida, sakuTari msxverplis qmnilebis mflobeli gax-
da da sayvarlis gamosaxulebas metoqis TvalebiT umzerda.
es qandakeba (rogorc nivTis xelidan xelSi gadacemis Tama-
Sis dros) mas Tavis survils da, amasTan, kastraciasac ga-
dascems, rac kardinals mocemul SemTxvevaSi memkvidreobiT
gadaeca. es survili vienis (qalbaton de roSfidisTvis sa-
survel) adonissa da Jirodes endimionSic SeaRwevs, romel-
sac sanaxavad mTvare ewvia (SYM. sxeulTa reproduqcia).
(545) aq is 1791 wels de lantis ojaxma ipova * REF. qrono-
logia. informacia marTlac bundovania, radgan romelime
sxva TariRTan misi Sepirispireba SeuZlebelia (Tumca, arc
erT maTgans ar ewinaaRmdegeba; magaliTad, is vienis biogra-
fiasac eTavseba, romelic 1809 wels gardaicvala); es yve-
laferi wmindad realuris efeqts qmnis, vinaidan iTvleba,
rom araferia TariRze `realuri~. ** HER. gamocana 3 (vin ar-
ian de lantebi?): savaraudo pasuxi (arsebobs kavSiri de lan-
tebsa da qandakebas Soris).
(546) da vienis misi aslis Seqmna sTxova. * SYM. sxeulis
reproduqcia.
LXXXVIII. qandakebidan _ ferweramde

sarazini mokvda, zambinela qandakebidan tiloze gada-
saxlda. amiT raRac saSiSi sawyisi dacxra, daSoSminda, dam-
Svidda. didi moculobis qandakebis brtyel gamosaxulebad
216
gardaqmniT aslma dakarga, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Seanela mainc,
mtkivneuli problema, romelic novelis furclebidan igr-
Znoboda. qandakebas SeiZleba garSemo Semouaro, mis SigniT
Seixedo; erTi sityviT, mas aqvs siRrme da TiTqos daTvalie-
rebisken, gamoZiebisken, masSi SeRwevisken mogviwodebs. ide-
alur SemTxvevaSi qandakeba gvTavazobs sisrules da Tavisi
Sinaganis realurobas (amitomaa tragikuli is, rom es Sina-
gani carieli, dasaWurisebuli aRmoCndeba); sarazini Tvlis,
rom srulqmnili qandakeba mxolod safarveli unda iyos,
romlis miRmac namdvili qali imaleba (im pirobiT, rom Ta-
vad qalia Sedevri); Tan am qalis realobam unda daadasturos
da uzrunvelyos im marmarilos kanis sinamdvile, romliTac
isaa Semosili (sapirispiro mimarTebas gamoxatavs miTi pig-
malionis Sesaxeb, sadac ukve qandakeba gardaiqmneba realur
qalad). amis sapirispirod, ferweras SeiZleba hqondes zeda-
piri, Tumca moklebulia Sinagans: mas ar SeuZlia gamoiwvios
tilos miRma Wvretis kadnieri survili (gamonaklisia ukve
moxseniebuli frenhoferi, romelic ocnebobda suraTis
siRrmeSi moZraobaze, rogorc gareT seirnobaze, sadac ti-
loze gamosaxuli figurebis irgvliv ivlida da maT namdvi-
lobaSi darwmundeboda). qandakebis saraziniseuli esTetika
tragikulia, mas ocnebebis sisavsidan dasaWurisebuli sica-
rielisken daSveba, mniSvnelobidan u-mniSvnelobaSi gadasvla
emuqreba. tilos esTetika, romelic ufro metad gulgrilia,
vidre simboluri, SedarebiT mSvidia. qandakeba tydeba, ti-
lo ki, ubralod, ijRabneba (rogorc es TviTganadgurebisas
daemarTa ùcnob Sedevrebs~). grZeli reproduqciuli jaWvis
gavliT, vienisa da Jirodes tiloebTan misvlisas, zambinelas
bneliT moculi istoria gvSordeba da mxolod carieli da
`mTvareuli~, Tundac idumali, gamocanasaviT rCeba, magram,
samagierod, sakmaod uwyinaria (Tumca daxatuli adonisis
ubralo Sexedvasac SeuZlia xelaxla gaaqtiuros metonimiis
makastrirebeli unari; cdunebis msxverpli axalgazrda qa-
li mTxrobels sTxovs ambis moyolas, romelic Semdgom ori-
ves daasaWurisebs). ukanaskneli gardasaxva ki (tilodan _
daweril `reprezentaciaze~ gadasvla) TiTqos yvela winama-
val asls gadafaravs. amave dros, weris daxmarebiT, Sinaganis
217
fantazma kidev ufro uZlurdeba, radgan weras erTaderTi
substancia _ Sualeduroba aqvs.
(547) asi wlis moxuci zambinelas naxvidan ramdenime wu-
Tis Semdeg Tqven ixileT portreti, romelzec oci wlis zam-
binela iyo gamosaxuli. es suraTi mogvianebiT Jirodes «en-
dimionis» STagonebis wyarod iqca. misi nakvTebi adonisSic
SegiZliaT amoicnoT. * REF. qronologia (1758 wels zambinela
20 wlisaa. Tuki de lantis ojaxis wveulebaze is marTlac 100
wlis moxucia, maSin es niSnavs, rom moTxrobili ambavi 1838
wels moxda, e.i. 8 wlis Semdeg, rac es novela balzakma dawera.
Sdr. #№55) ** HER. gamocana 4 (vin aris moxuci?), nawilobrivi
gamocnoba (gamocana exeba moxucis vinaobas: is zambinelaa.
gamosacnobi misi naTesauri kavSirebi, de lantebTan misi kav-
Siria) *** SYM. sxeulTa asli. **** HER. gamocana 5 (vin aris
adonisi?), gamocnoba (es aris 20 wlis zambinela).
(548) _ ki magram, zambinela qalia (cette) Tu mamakaci (ce)?
_ qalbatono, is marianinas didi babuaa, babuamisis Zma *
HER. gamocana 4: saboloo amocnoba (moxucis naTesauri ka-
vSiris dadgena) ** HER. gamocana 3: gamocnoba (vin arian de
lantebi? zambinelas naTesavebi). *** ra gramatikuli sqesi
unda mivusadagoT kastrats? cxadia, saSualo; magram fran-
gul enaSi aseTi sqesi ar arsebobs. aqedan gamomdinare, Cvene-
biTi nacvalsaxelebis _ ce/cette -is (ce-es, mamr. cette-es, mdedr.)
monacvleoba da maTi meryevi moZraoba srulad Seesabameba
fizikur kanonebs da es sqesis erTgvar Sualedurobas qmnis,
rac rogorc mamrobiTi, ise mdedrobiTi sqesisgan sruliad
gamoarCevs (SYM. saSualo).
(549) axla ukve xvdebiT, ase saguldagulod ratom malavs
Tavisi simdidris warmomavlobas qalbatoni de lanti, rome-
lic emyareba... * HER. gamocana 2 (de lantis ojaxis simdidris
warmomavloba), gamocnoba.
LXXXIX. WeSmaritebis xma

axla ukve yvela gamocana gamocnobilia, didi hermene-
vtikuli fraza ki dasrulebuli (oRond procesi, rasac Se-
gviZlia kastraciis metonimiuri vibracia vuwodoT, kidev
erTxans gagrZeldeba. am vibraciis ukanaskneli talRebi
218
axalgazrda qals da mTxrobelsac Seexeba). Cven ukve viciT,
ra morfemebisgan (Tu `hermenevtemebisgan~) Sedgeba es her-
menevtikuli fraza, WeSmaritebis gamJRavnebis es periodi
(ritorikuli gagebiT). esenia: 1) Tematizacia, anu im subieq-
tis emfatikuri aRniSvna, romelic gamocanis sagania; 2) gamo-
canis Cafiqreba, rogorc metalingvisturi niSani, romelic
sxvadasxvagvari gziT gvamcnobs, rom Cven winaSea gamocana da
mis hermenevtikul (Tu gamocanur) tipze migvaniSnebs; 3) ga-
mocanis Camoyalibeba; 4) pasuxis gacemis aRTqma (an pasuxis
Txovna); 5) tyuili, TvalTmaqcoba, romelic, SeZlebisdagva-
rad, mis adresatisadmi mimarTulobis TvalsazrisiT unda
ganisazRvros (erTi personaJis mier meoris motyueba, am uka-
nasknelis mier sakuTari Tavis motyueba, diskursis mier mki-
Txvelis motyueba); 6) ekivoki, an orazrovneba, erTsa da imave
gamonaTqvamSi sicruisa da WeSmaritebis SeTavseba; 7) dab-
lokva, gamocanis amoxsnis SeuZleblobis konstatacia; 8) ga-
davadebuli (Tumca gamiznuli) pasuxi; 9)nawilobrivi pasuxi,
rodesac niSanTagan mxolod erTi saxeldeba, xolo maTi jami
simarTlis sruli amocnobis SesaZleblobas mogvcemda; 10) ga-
mocnoba, fardis axda, rac wminda wylis gamocanaSi (romlis
nimuSadac yovelTvis sfinqsis mier oidiposisTvis dasmuli
SekiTxva rCeba) saboloo nominacia, ukanaskneli sityvis aR-
moCena da warmoTqmaa.
(550) _ sakmarisia! _ Semawyvetina mbrZanebluri toniT.
ramdenime wuTi Rrma mdumarebaSi davyaviT * SYM. kastraciis
tabu. ** SYM. kastraciis saSineleba. de lantis ojaxis simdi-
dresTan dakavSirebuli zizRi (`parizuli cxovrebis scenis~
Tema) ramdenime mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli: es aris prosti-
tuciiTa (ragazzo, romelsac jer moxuci kiji patronobda da
Semdeg _ kardinali Cikoniara) da sisxliT (sarazinis sikvdi-
li) daRdasmuli simdidre, magram, upirvelesad, is kastra-
ciis msgavsi bunebis matarebeli SiSiTaa gaJRenTili.
(551) _ aba! ras ityviT? _ vkiTxe.
_ oh, _ Sehyvira man, fexze wamoxta da oTaxSi didi na-
bijebiT siaruls mohyva. Semdeg momiaxlovda da Secvlili
xmiT miTxra: * kastarcia seniviT ipyrobs qals: is avadmyofo-
bis simptomebs amJRavnebs (aRgzneba, caxcaxi) (SYM. kastra-
ciis damasnebovnebeli buneba).
219
(552) _ Tqven me didi xniT gamiCineT zizRi cxovrebisa da
vnebis mimarT. * SYM. kastraciis damasnebovnebeli buneba.
** kastraciis Tema mTxrobels Semoaqvs (ACT. `Txroba~: 13:
Txrobis damasaWurisebeli zemoqmedeba).
XC. balzakiseuli teqsti

didi xniT? ara. beatrisi, grafinia artur de roSfildi,
daibada 1808 wels, iqorwina 1828 wels; mas Zalian male mo-
bezrda qorwineba; mTxrobelma igi de lantis ojaxis mier
mowyobil wveulebaze daaxloebiT 1830 wels waiyvana da, misi
sityvebidan gamomdinare, kastraciiT dasnebovnda; am ambi-
dan sam welze cota naklebis gasvlis Semdeg, italiaSi, te-
nor kontisTan erTad gaiqca; Tavisi megobrisa da metoqis,
felisite de tuSis jibrze, gaxmaurebuli sasiyvarulo Tav-
gadasavali hqonda kalisto de genikTan; Semdeg palferinis
sayvareli gaxda da a.S. marTlac, kastracia sasikvdilo seni
ar aris, misgan gankurneba SesaZlebelia. magram gankurnebis-
Tvis aucilebelia sarazinis sazRvrebidan gaRweva da sxva
teqstebSi gadasvla (beatrisa, modesta minioni, evas qaliS-
vili, qalis meore silueti, Tavadis asul de kadinianis sa-
idumloebebi da a.S.). yvela es teqsti erTian, balazakiseul
teqsts qmnis da safuZvels moklebulia is, rom masSi sara-
zinis teqsti ar SevitanoT (es sruliad realuria, Tuki Se-
vecdebiT da mravlobiTobis TamaSs ganvagrZobT da gavaviTa-
rebT). TandaTan, teqsts SeuZlia, nebismier sistemasTan nel-
nela daamyaros kavSiri. inter-teqsts mxolod erTi kanoni _
usasrulo ganaxlebaTa kanoni aqvs. Tavad avtors, Zveli kri-
tikis am odnav moZvelebul RvTaebas, SeuZlia (an erT dRes
SesZlebs) sxvebis msgavs teqstad gardaiqmnas; amisTvis sakma-
risia pirovneba subieqtad, sayrdenad, wyarod, avtoritetad,
mamad, (TviT)gamoxatvis gziT sakuTari qmnilebis Semqmnelad
ar warmoadginos. sakmarisi iqneba misi, rogorc qaRaldze Seq-
mnili arsebis, xolo misi cxovrebis, rogorc bio-grafiis (am
sityvis etimologiuri mniSvnelobiT), referenciis gareSe
weris, masalis damakavSireblisa da ara warmomqmnelis aRqma.
am SemTxvevaSi, kritikis amocana (Tuki SeiZleba kidev raime
kritikaze laparaki) iqneba avtoris dokumenturi pirovne-
bis romaniseul da mouxelTebel figurad gardaqmna, romel-
220
sac yovelgvari pasuxismgebloba moexsneba da romelsac mxo-
lod misi teqstis mravlobiTobaSi mivakvlevT: msgavsi Sroma
mTeli Tavgadasavalia da mis Sesaxeb ukve mogviTxres ara
kritikosebma, aramed Tavad avtorebma, magaliTad, prustma
da Jan Jenem.
(553) urCxulebze romc ar vsaubrobdeT, gana yvela ada-
mianuri grZnoba sabolood sastik imedgacruebamde ar midis?
Cven, dedebs, Svilebi gvxocaven TavianTi saSineli qcevebiTa
Tu gulgrilobiT, colebs qmrebi gvRalatoben, sayvarlebi
gviviwyeben, gvtoveben. megobroba! nuTu arsebobs igi? * mo-
naTxrobis gavleniT TviTkastraciis procesSi myofi axal-
gazrda qali sakuTar sens maSinve niRbavs amaRlebuli ver-
siis wina planze wamoweviT _ seqsisgan TavSekavebas gamar-
Tlebas uZebnis da maRali zneobis keTilSobiluri da maame-
beli avtoritetiT Sefervis gziT mas (seqsisgan TavSekavebas)
Rirseulobis elfers aniWebs (SYM. kastraciis alibi). ** es
msoflio sevdis, amaoebisa da im umaduri, stoikuri da mom-
xibvleli rolis aRmniSvneli kodia, romelsac keTilSobi-
li msxverplebi _ dedebi, colebi, sayvarlebi da megobrebi
(REF. vanitas vanitatum _ amaoeba amaoebaTa) asruleben.
(554) xvalve RvTis morCili gavxdebodi, rom ar SemeZlos
cxovrebis qariSxalSi Seuvali kldesaviT davdge. * SYM. kas-
traciis alibi: saTnoeba (kulturuli kodi).
(555) Tuki qristianis momavalic ìluziaa~, is xom mxolod
sikvdilis Semdeg daingreva. * REF. qristianobis kodi.
(556) marto damtoveT!
_ ah, _ vuTxari me, _ dasja gcodniaT. * axalgazrda qali,
romelsac kastracia Seexo, mTxrobelTan gamarTul molapa-
rakebas arRvevs, sanacvlos migebaze uars acxadebs da Tavis
partniors uariT gaistumrebs (`Txroba~: 14: SeTanxmebis gau-
qmeba). ** SYM. mTxrobeli kastraciaSia CaTreuli (is daisaja
imitom, rom ambavi `mouTxro~).
XCI. cvlileba
Seyvarebuli kaci sargeblobs ucnauri moxucisa da idu-
malebiT moculi portretis mimarT Tavisi satrfos mxridan
gamomJRavnebuli cnobismoyvareobiT da mas garigebas sTa-
221
vazobs: simarTle _ erTi Ramis nacvlad, Txroba _ sxeulis
wil. axalgazrda qali Seecada, SevaWreboda da Semdeg gari-
gebisTvis Tavi daeRwia, Tumca bolos mainc daTanxmda da
Txrobac daiwyo; magram aRmoCnda, rom igi Zalian swrafad
ganviTarebul, saSinel sneulebas eziara. am senis gamavrce-
lebeli Tavad ambavia; amitomac es seni mSvenier msmenelsac
gadaedeba, romelsac siyvarulis mimarT uaryofiTi damo-
kidebuleba uCndeba da garigebis pirobis SesrulebaSi xels
uSlis. sakuTar maxeSi moxvedril Seyvarebul mamakacs
siyvarulze uars eubnebian, radgan kastraciis Sesaxeb am-
bis Txroba ukvalod ver Caivlida. es siuJeti gvaswavlis,
rom Txroba (rogorc obieqti) gardaqmnis Txrobas (rogorc
moqmedebas): Setyobineba da misi konkretuli magaliTi pa-
rametrebis TvalsazrisiT arian dakavSirebulni; arasdros
xdeba ise, rom erT mxares iyos gamonaTqvami, rogorc Sede-
gi da meore mxares _ gamonaTqvami, rogorc procesi. Txroba
sapasuxismgeblo da, imavdroulad, sabazro urTierTobeb-
Tan dakavSirebuli qmedebaa (xom ar arian isini erTmaneTis
igiveobrivi? orive SemTxvevaSi xom awon-dawonvis procesi
mimdinareobs, romlis ganviTarebis bedic (transformaci-
is SesaZlebloba) Tavad saqonlis fasidan, Txrobis Temi-
dan gamomdinareobs. amitom esATema saboloo ar aris; is arc
Txrobis mizania, arc _ zRvari, arc dasasruli (`sarazini~
ar aris àmbavi kastratis Sesaxeb~): monaTxrobis Tema, ro-
melic TviTonvea misi mniSvnelobac, raRac amaRorZinebel
Zalas asxivebs, rac sityvasa da imis mamxilebel, demistifi-
katorul «umankoebaze» axdens gavlenas, rasac TviTonve
gvatyobinebs: TviT «monaTxrobi» gviambobs sakuTari Tavis
Sesaxeb. sabolood, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Txrobis sagani ar
arsebobs: Txroba mxolod sakuTar Tavze gviambobs _ Txro-
ba sakuTar Tavs yveba.
(557) xom ar vcdebi?
_ diax, cdebiT, _ vupasuxe da gabeduleba movikribe, _
raxan es istoria mogiyeviT, romelic italiaSi ase cnobilia,
aqve SemiZlia Tanamedrove civilizaciis progresis mimarT
pativiscemiTac gangawyoT _ axla aseT ubedur arsebebs ukve
aRar qmnian. * simarTle rom iTqvas, marcxisTvis ganwiruli
ukanaskneli mcdelobiT, ris gamoc mTxrobeli `gabedule-
222
bas~ ikrebs, igi cdilobs, kastraciis yovlismomcvel saSi-
nelebas (rac yvelas da yvelafers asenianebs, romelTa So-
risac mTxrobeli ukanaskneli msxverplia), istoriiseuli
keTilgonierebiT, pozitiuri faqtis saSualebiT daupiris-
pirdes: Tavi davaneboT simbolos, ambobs is, miwaze Camovi-
deT, `realobaSi~, istoriaSi: kastratebi ukve aRar arsebo-
ben. avadmyofoba daZleulia, is Wiris, keTris msgavsad gaqra
evropis miwidan: simbolurobis daucxromeli nakadis winaSe,
rasac `sarazinis~ araerTi personaJi mohyveba, mTxrobelis
winadadeba araseriozulad gamoiyureba da eWvs iwvevs, xolo
argumenti _ sicilismomgvrelia (SYM. kastraciis gadamde-
bi Zala uaryofilia) ** SEM. racionaluroba, asimboluroba
(es sema erTxel ukve daukavSirda mTxrobels) ** REF. kastra-
tebis istoria. istoriuli kodi, romelsac mTxrobeli imow-
mebs, gvamcnobs, rom ukanaskneli cnobili kastratebi iyvnen
_ kresCentini, romelmac rkinis gvirgvinis ordeni miiRo mas
Semdeg, rac mas napoleonma venaSi mousmina (1805 wels), Sem-
deg ki parizSi Caiyvana, sadac 1846 wels gardaicvala da ve-
luti, romelmac ukanasknelad 1826 wels imRera da 1861 wels
gardaicvala.
(558) _ parizi, _ Tqva man, _ stumarTmoyvare qalaqia!
misi kari yvelanairi simdidrisTvis Riaa – samarcxvino iqne-
ba igi Tu sisxlSi amosvrili. TavSesafars aq damnaSavec pou-
lobs da uRirsic, * REF. parizi, oqro, axali sazogadoebis
uzneoba da a.S.
(559) mxolod saTnoebas ar aqvs sakurTxeveli. marTlac,
wminda sulebis samkvidrebeli mxolod zecaa! * SYM. kastra-
ciis idealizebuli alibi (zeca Seundobs kastratebs, rogo-
rebadac yvela gardaviqmeniT). REF. zneobis kodi (saTnoeba _
araamqveyniuria).
(560) veravin verasdros gamigebs! amiT vamayob... * markiza,
zambinelas msgavsad, romelTanac simbolur WrilSi dawyvil-
da, gariyulobas, uCveulobas _ «gagebis SeuZleblobad»
asaRebs. idumalebiT moculi qali xom didebulia, Zvirfasad
Semosili, warmosaxvis nayofi, azrebiT aRsavse, adamiani, ro-
melzec Rirs saubari (vamayob amiT). da es qalbatoni warma-
tebulad enacvleba kastrats, misive Semzaravi sicarieliT,
223
_ kastrats, romlis Sesaxebac araferia saTqmeli (romelsac
araferi SeuZlia Tqvas sakuTar Tavze, ar SeuZlia Tavi war-
mosaxos) (SYM. kastraciis alibi: idumalebiT moculi qali).
LCII. sami Sesasvleli

novelis simboluri sivrce mxolod erTi obieqtiTaa da-
kavebuli, romelic am sivrces amTlianebs (da Cven garkve-
uli uflebas gvaZlevs, rom mas saxeli davarqvaT, misi aRwe-
riT garkveuli siamovneba miviRoT, rac TviT siboloebis
sistemas da gmiris simbolur Tavgadasavals, iqneba es moqan-
dake Tu mTxrobeli, erTgvar privilegirebul mdgomareobas
aniWebs). es obieqti adamianis sxeulia da sarazini sxeulis
topologiur transgresiebze mogviTxrobs. aq Sinaganis da
gareganis antiTeza gauqmebulia, Sinagani _ carielia, dakav-
Sirebul sxeulTa jaWvi _ gawyvetili, sasiyvarulo garigeba
_ darRveuli. am simbolur sivrceSi moxvedra sami gziT Se-
iZleba, romelTagan arc erTi ar aris mTavari; amitom es sami
TanabarmniSvnelovani Sesasvlelis mqone teqsti, simbolur
doneze, Seqcevadia. ritorikul gzas Tu gavyvebiT, antiTezis
transgresias, winaaRmdegobebis daZlevasa da gansxvavebaTa
gauqmebas davinaxavT. sakuTriv kastraciis gzaze survilis
pandemiuri sicarielisa da SemoqmedebiTi jaWvis (sxeuli da
nawarmoebi) rRvevis winaSe aRmovCndebiT. ekonomikuri Tval-
sazrisiT Tuki SevxedavT, nebismieri fulis erTeulis cva-
lebadobas davinaxavT da Tvalwin warmogvidgeba carieli,
wamomavlobisa da surnelis armqone oqro, romelic raimeze
mimaniSneblidan niSnad gardaiqmna. Cven winaSe aRmoCndeba
moTxroba, romelsac mosvenebas ar aZlevs is ambavi, romlis
Sesaxebac mogviTxrobs. samive gzas erTsa da imavemde, yovel-
gvari klasifikaciis gaqrobamde mivyavarT: teqsti ambobs,
rom momakvdinebelia gamyofi xazis gauqmeba, paradigmatuli
barieris moxsna, rac mniSvnelobis funqcionirebas uzrun-
velyofs (antiTezis kedeli), cxovrebis gameoreba (biolo-
giuri sqesebis opozicia) da sakuTrebis xelSeuxebloba (amas
garigeba moiTxovs). saerTo jamSi, novela struqturaTa
sayovelTao ngrevis gansaxierebaa (Cven xom sakiTxavi teqs-
tis xelovnebas veziarebiT), kerZod, enobrivi struqturisa,
224
romelsac, Cveulebriv, winaaRmdegobaTa gamijvnis principi
aregulirebs, gramatikul sqesTa struqturisa (saSualo sqe-
si adamianis aRsaniSnavad ar gamoiyeneba), sxeulTa struqtu-
risa (sxeulis sxvadasxva nawilebi urTierTs ver Caenacvle-
ba, xolo biologiuri sqesebi ekvivalenturobis kanons ar
eqvemdebareba) da kapitalis struqturisa (axali socialu-
ri klasis _ gadamyidvelebis da ara miwaTmoqmedebis klasis
mier Seqmnil parizul oqros ar aqvs warmomavloba; is uar-
yofs mimoqcevis yovelgvar normas, gacvlis yovel wess, ama
Tu im xaziT miRebuli sakuTrebis memkvidreobiT miRebas; Ta-
vad es sityvac _ `sakuTreba~ _ aq orazrovania; masSi, erTsa
da imave dros, sityvisTvis Tavisi mniSvnelobis dabruneba da
materialuri dovlaTis ganawileba igulisxmeba). es katas-
trofiuli ngreva yovelTvis erTi da igive, kerZod, Tavisu-
fal sarbielze gamoWrili metonimiis formiT warmoCndeba.
nebismieri paradigmuli barieris ganadgurebiT es metonimia
dakanonebuli substituciis SesaZleblobasac _ sakuTriv
mniSvnelobis gaCenis SesaZleblobasac anadgurebs: winaaR-
mdegobaTa, biologiur sqesTa da materialuri simdidris
sistematuri dapirispireba ukve SeuZlebeli xdeba; samar-
Tliani ekvivalentobis principi – reprezentaciis SesaZle-
bloba _ sagnebisTvis sakuTari, individualuri, gamijnuli
reprezentantebis miniWeba _ ganuxorcielebelia. sarazini
reprezentaciis rRvevis, niSanTa, biologiur sqesTa da ma-
terialuri qonebis gafantuli (pandemiuri) cirkulaciis
gansaxierebaa.
(561) da markiza Cafiqrda... * Cafiqrebul markizas SeeZlo
bevr rameze efiqra, imazec, rac ukve moxda da imazec, rac
moxdeba, Tumca amis Sesaxeb verasdros verafers gavigebT.
Cafiqrebis dausrulebeli uvertiura (swored es aris misi
struqturuli funqcia) am ukanasknel leqsias yovelgvari
klasifikaciis miRma aTavsebs.
XCIII. moazrovne teqsti

markizas msgavsad, klasikuri teqstic fiqrebiTaa savse,
masSi bevri mniSvnelobaa (rogorc zemoT vnaxeT). rogorc
Cans, is raRac ukanasknel mniSvnelobas saTadarigod ina-
225
xavs da ar acxadebs, magram misTvis Tavisufal, sapatio ad-
gils tovebs. mniSvnelobis es nulovani xarisxi (romelic mis
gauqmebas ki ara, mis aRiarebas iTvaliswinebs), es damatebi-
Ti, gauTvaliswinebeli mniSvneloba (rac impliciturobis
Teatraluri niSania) aris Cafiqrebulobis niSani. Cafiqrebu-
loba (saxeebis, teqstebis) imaze miuTiTebs, risi gamoTqmac
ar SeiZleba da ara imis, ramac gamoTqma ver moaxerxa. Tuki
klasikur teqsts saTqmeli araferi aqvs imis garda, rasac am-
bobs, «gvamcnobs» mainc, rom `yvelafers ar ambobs~. es alu-
ziuroba kodirebulia CafiqrebulobiT, romelic sakuTari
Tavis aRmniSvnelia: is TiTqos avsebs teqsts, Tan panikurad
eSinia, rom usasrulod ar aRavsos da diskursi mas amatebs Se-
niSvnas _ «da ase Semdeg». rogorc Cafiqrebuli gamomety-
veleba migvaniSnebs, rom adamianis goneba Zlivs Sekavebuli
metyvelebiTaa gadavsebuli, klasikuri teqstis niSanTa sis-
tema Tavisi sisrulis niSansac iTvaliswinebs: gamometyvele-
bis msgavsad, teqsti ufro mravlismTqmeli xdeba (sakuTari
gamomsaxvelobis aRniSnvas iwyebs), Sinagani sivrciT imoseba,
romlis savaraudo siRrmemac misi mravlobiTobis usruloba
unda Seavsos. `raze CafiqrebulxarT?~ _ giCndebaT survili,
hkiTxoT klasikur teqsts, riTac mis TavSekavebul mowode-
bas exmaurebiT. Tumca, vinaidan es teqsti gacilebiT TvalT-
maqcia, vidre sxva teqstebi, romlebic situaciidan Tavis da-
Zvrenis mizniT gvpasuxoben _ araferzeo, amitom (klasikuri
teqsti) saerTod ar gvpasuxobs da mniSvnelobis winaSe zRu-
desaviT aRmarTavs sam wertils.
226
onore de balzaki
1
sa ra zin i
2
Rrma fiqrebSi viyavi CaZiruli; 3xmauriani dResaswaulebis
dros ase TviT araseriozul adamianebsac emarTebaT xolme;
4
burbonTa elises sasaxlis saaTma SuaRamis mosvla gvamcno.
5
fanjris RiobSi mjdars 6da muaris naoWebiani fardis miRma dama-
luls, 7SemeZlo mSvidad meWvrita saxlis baRisTvis, sadac saRa-
mos vatarebdi. 8aqa-iq TovliT naxevrad dafaruli xeebis mkrTa-
li siluetebi bundovnad Canda mTvariT ganaTebuli Rrubliani
cis rux fonze. am landebis garemoSi isini Tovlian sadaraSi naxe-
vrad gaxveul moCvenebebs Camohgavdnen, TiTqos saxelganTqmul
naxat `micvalebulTa rokvas~ imeorebdnen. 9sapirispiro mxares
Semobrunebuls ki 10cocxalTa cekviT SemeZlo davmtkbariyavi! 11
Cem win iSleboda didebuli darbazi, oqro-vercxliT morTuli
kedlebiT, mocimcime WaRebiT, mbrwyinavi sanTlebiT. aq fusfu-
sebdnen, danarnarebdnen da peplebiviT dafarfatebdnen parizis
yvelaze lamazi qalebi, yvelaze mdidrebi da cnobilni, didebu-
lad morTulni, TvalsimomWreli briliantebiT gabrwyinebul-
ni! yvavilebi damagrebuli hqondaT Tavze, mkerdze, TmebSi, ka-
bebze mimobneuli Tu girliandebad dagrexili kabis kalTebis
gaswvriv. msubuqi TrTolva, vnebiani moZraobebi arxevda maT naz
sxeulebze Semoxveul abreSumis maqmanebs, arSiebs, muslins. aqa-
iq gaielvebda xolme viRacis cecxlovani mzera, TiTqos WaRebis
sinaTles, almasebis brwyinvas ejibreboda da isedac agizgize-
bul gulebs acxovelebda. aseve moulodnelad SeamCnevdiT, qa-
lebi rogor mravalmniSvnelovanad ukravdnen Tavs sayvarlebs
da momabezrebeli gamometyvelebiT aniSnebnen qmrebze. TamaSis
dros yovel moulodnel Semobrunebas Tan axlda oqros wkriali
da partniorebis wamoZaxili, rac musikis hangebs da mosaubre-
Ta butbuts erTvoda. sunamoebis talRa da simTvralis orTqli
sabolood abruebda da avadmyofurad aRagznebda am Sezarxo-
Sebuli brbos warmosaxvas, romelsac yvelaferi hqonda, rac ki
sacduri SeiZleboda cxovrebas misTvis eboZebina. 12amgvarad,
Cems marjvniv sikvdilis bneli da mdumare saxe wamomarTuli-
yo, marcxniv _ normis sazRvrebSi Zlivs moqceuli bakqanalia:
aqeT _ civi, pirquSi, mgloviare buneba, iqiT _ cxovrebiseuli
227
bednierebiT mTvrali adamianebi. 13am ori gansxvavebuli sura-
Tis zRvarze, romelTa dausrulebeli saxesxvaobiT ganmeoreba
parizs msoflioSi yvelaze mxiarul da, amasTan, yvelaze filo-
sofiur qalaqad aqcevs, maseduaniviT narevi grZnobebiTa da fi-
qrebiT viyavi Sepyrobili _ xan mxiaruliT, xan SavbneliT. mar-
cxena fexs musikis ritms vayolebdi, marjvena ki TiTqos samare-
Si mqonda. marjvena fexi marTlac gameyina gamWoli qaris gamo,
romelmac naxevari sxeuli damizro. amavdroulad, meore mxares
darbazis notio siTbos vgrZnobdi, rac wveulebebze ase xSirad
iwvevs usiamovno gancdas.
_14batonma lantim es saxli axlaxan SeiZina?
_ ara, male aTi weli gaxdeba, rac marSalma karilianom mihyida.
_ ras ambobT!
_ am adamianebs didi qoneba unda hqondeT!
_ albaT, asea!
_ ra wveulebaa! ra kadnierebamde misuli fufuneba.
_ rogor fiqrobT, isini iseTive mdidrebi arian, rogorebic
batoni nusinJeni da batoni gondrevili?
_ 15gana ar icodiT?...
Tavi wamovwie da orive mosaubre davinaxe; maSinve mivxvdi,
rom isini cnobismoyvare parizelTa modgmas ekuTvnodnen, rom-
lebsac mxolod es kiTxvebi aRelvebdaT: `ratom?~, `rogor?~,
“saidan gaCnda?”, `vin aris?~, `ra xdeba?~, `ra gaakeTa?~ maT xma-
dabla daiwyes saubari da iqaurobas gaecalnen, raTa ganmarto-
ebuliyvnen, sadme, myudrod mdgar savarZelze moekalaTebinaT
da mSvidad esaubraT. sxvaTa saidumloebebis moyvarulTaTvis
aqaurobaze ukeTesi sivrce Znelad Tu moiZebneboda.
16
aravin icoda, saidan movida de lantis ojaxi 17an saidan hqon-
da mas es mravalmilioniani qoneba, vaWrobiT moipova igi, TaRli-
TobiT Tu memkvidreobiT.
18
ojaxis yvela wevri laparakobda italiurad, frangulad,
espanurad, inglisurad da germanulad, Tan iseTi srulyofile-
biT, ifiqrebdiT, rom didxans icxovres yvela am xalxs Soris.
boSebi iyvnen? iqneb mekobreTa STamomavalni?
_ 19iqneb eSmakisgan arian! _ ambobdnen axalgazrda politi-
kanebi _ miRebebi ki SesaniSnavi aqvT.
_ romc gamego, rom grafma de lantim romeliRac afrikeli
begi gaZarcva, mainc SevirTavdi mis qaliSvils _ SesZaxa mavanma
filosofosma.
228
20
vin ar isurvebda marianinas, 16 wlis qaliSvilis SerTvas,
romlis mSveniereba aRmosavleli poetebis fantaziebis cocxal
gansaxierebad warmogidgebodaT. rogorc sulTnis qaliSvils
aladinis jadosnuri lampridan, saxe masac Cadris qveS unda
daemala. misi simRera Crdilavda iseT arasrulyofil talan-
tebs, rogorebicaa _ malibrani, zontagi Tu fodori, romel-
Tac srulqmnilebamde raRac erTi mTavari yovelTvis akldaT.
marianina ki erTnairi srulyofilebiT axerxebda gaeerTianebi-
na bgeris siwminde, gasaocari simkveTre, ritmisa da intonaciis
grZnoba, siwrfele da teqnika, mkacri TavdaWeriloba da gulSi
Camwvdomoba. es gogona gansxeulebuli saidumlo poezia iyo,
romelic yvela xelovnebas aerTianebda da maZiebelTaTvis mou-
xelTebeli rCeboda. mSvidi da Tavmdabali, ganaTlebuli da go-
nebamaxvili, marTlac yvelas Crdilavda, dedis garda.
21
SexvedrixarT odesme qalebs, romelTa gamaognebel mSvenie-
rebas asaki verafers aklebs da romlebic 36 wlis asakSi ufro sa-
survelni arian, vidre 15 wliT adre? maT saxeze mgznebare suli
irekleba, TiTqos sxiviTaa mosili, TiToeuli nakvTi goniere-
biT brwyinavs, kanis yoveli fori mTroTolvare elvarebis mata-
rebelia, gansakuTrebiT saRamos Suqze. maTi Tvalebi momxibvle-
lad gizidavs da uargyofs, gesaubreba an mdumarebs; siarulis
manera uSualobiTa da daxvewili ostaturobiTaa savse, keklu-
curad naz da Tbil xmaSi ki intonaciebis uSreti melodiuroba
ismis. maTi qeba malamod edeba yvelaze ufro ampartavnul Tav-
moyvareobas, xolo warbebis moZraoba, TvalTagan gamomkrTali
mcire brwyinvaleba, maTi tuCebis msubuqi TrTolva, raRac wmin-
daTawminda SiSiT aRavsebs maT, vinc sakuTar cxovrebasa da bed-
nierebas am qalbatonebs ukavSirebs. siyvarulSi gamoucdeli da
lamazi sityvebiT moxibluli gogona SeiZleba advilad Secdes,
magram amgvar qalebTan urTierTobisas mamakaci baton de Jo-
kurs unda hgavdes, romelsac tkivilis Sekaveba SeuZlia maSinac
ki, roca tualetSi damaluls damlagebeli qali or TiTs karis
RriWoSi moayolebs...
am yovlisSemZle sirinozebis siyvaruli xom sakuTari sico-
cxlis sasworze Segdebas niSnavs? da, albaT, amitomac gviyvars
isini ase vnebianad. aseTi iyo grafinia de lantic.
22
filipos, marianinas Zmas, Tavisi dis msgavsad, saocari sila-
maze dedisgan memkvidreobiT ergo. erTi sityviT, es axalgazrda
229
kaci gansxeulebuli antinoe gaxldaT, oRond agebulebiT uf-
ro Txeli iyo. sigamxdre da moxdenili formebi harmoniulad
erwymoda mis siymawviles, xolo zeTisxilisferi kani, sqeli war-
bebi da misi xaverdovani Tvalebis cecxli, samomavlo mamakacu-
ri vnebebisa da keTilSobiluri gatacebebis sawindari gaxldaT!
Tuki axalgazrda gogonebs filipo mamakacis idealad miaCndaT,
maT dedebsac ar aviwydebodaT igi, radgan safrangeTSi erT-erT
sasurvel sasiZod Tvlidnen.
23
mimzidveloba, simdidre da goniereba am bavSvebs swored de-
disgan ergoT. 24 b-ni de lanti momcro tanisa iyo, uSno, nayvavi-
lari saxiT, espaneliviT pirquSi da bankiriviT mosawyeni; Tumca
mas gonier politikosad miiCnevdnen, albaT imitom, rom iSvia-
Tad icinoda da gamudmebiT meternixsa da velingtons citirebda.
25
es idumalebiT moculi ojaxi iseTive momxiblavi iyo, ro-
gorc baironis poema, romlis bundovanebas maRali sazogadoe-
bis TiToeuli wevri sxvadasxvagvarad ganmartavda da strofi-
dan strofSi gadasul amaRlebul da bundovan sagalobels uwo-
debda. 26 sifrTxile, rasac q-ni da b-ni de lantebi TavianT war-
momavlobasTan, warsulsa da msoflios oTx qveyanasTan kavSiris
Sesaxeb iCendnen, TavisTavad, didxans aravis unda gakvirveboda
parizSi. vespasianes aqsioma arc erT qveyanaSi ise ar gaugiaT,
rogorc safrangeTSi. aq sisxliTa Tu WuWyiT dabinZurebuli
oqros monetebi Crdils ar ayenebs Tqvens reputacias da mTeli
sidiadiT warmoCndeba. mTavaria, maRalma sazogadoebam gaar-
kvios, ramdenad mdidari xarT da maSinve migiReben im adamianTa
rigebSi, romelTa simdidrec Tqvensas uswordeba; amisTvis ara-
vin mogTxovT Tqveni warmomavlobis damadasturebel sigel-gu-
jars, radgan yvelam kargad uwyis, raoden iafi Rirs igi. qalaqSi,
sadac socialuri problemebi algebruli gantolebis saSuale-
biT wydeba, avantiuristebs warmatebis SesaniSnavi SesaZleblo-
ba aqvT. am ojaxs boSuri warmomavlobac rom hqonoda, is imdenad
mdidari iyo, imdenad mimzidveli, rom maRali sazogadoeba advi-
lad Seundobda mas am patara saidumloebas.
27
magram, samwuxarod, de lantis ojaxis idumalebiT moculi
garemo, ana radklifis romanebis msgavsad, gamudmebiT cnobi-
smoyvareobiT savse interess iwvevda.
28
dakvirvebulma adamianebma, anu iseTebma, romelTac yovel-
Tvis ainteresebT, romel maRaziaSi iyideT Sandlebi, an ramdeni
230
gadaixadeT binisTvis, Tuki is moswonT, SeniSnes, rom dResaswa-
ulebze, koncertebze, mejlisebze, RonisZiebebze, romlebsac
grafis meuRle awyobda, drodadro viRac ucnauri adamiani
Cndeboda. 29es iyo mamakaci. 30pirvelad igi stumrebiT savse dar-
bazSi koncertis dros naxes. rogorc Cans, is aqeT marianinas mo-
majadoebelma xmam miizida.
_31raRac uecrad Semcivda, _ mimarTa Tanmxlebs karTan
axlos mjdomma qalbatonma.
iqve mdgomi mamakaci qalebs gaecala.
_ ra ucnauria, damcxa! _ Tqva qalbatonma ucnobis wasvlis
Semdeg. SeiZleba giJad CamTvaloT, magram mainc vfiqrob, rom es
sicive im SaviT mosili kacisgan modioda, romelic axlaxan wa-
vida. 32male maRali sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gazvia-
debisken swrafvis wyalobiT, am idumalebiT mocul pirovnebas
uamravi TavSesaqcevi gamocana, metismetad uazro gansazRvreba
da sasacilo eWvi daukavSirda: 33SeiZleba is ar yofila vampiri,
sisxlismwoveli, boroti suli, xelovnuri adamiani, faustisa da
robin gudfelous msgavsi arseba, magram fantastikis moyvarul-
Ta sityvebiT, mas mainc hqonda yvela am adamianis msgavsi arse-
bis Tvisebebi. 34drodadro Cndebodnen germanelebi, romelTac
sjerodaT am gamogonili xumrobisa, romelSic parizelTa Rvar-
Zlianoba vlindeboda. 35ucnobi ki, ubralod, moxuci iyo.
36
zogierTi axalgazrda kaci, romlebsac CveodaT, yovel
diliT evropis momavali ramdenime daxvewili fraziT gada-
ewyvitaT, ucnobSi viRac did kriminals, ganuzomeli simdidris
mflobels xedavda. ambis mTxzvelebi am moxucis cxovrebas aR-
werdnen da im Semzaravi danaSaulebebis WeSmaritad gansacvi-
frebel detalebs gadmoscemdnen, romlebic TiTqos maisoris
mefis samsaxurSi yofnisas Caidina. bankirebi ki, ufro pozitiu-
ri adamianebi, damajereblad sxva zRapars miiCnevdnen. _ `kargi
erTi~! _ ambobdnen isini TavianTi ganieri mxrebis Semwynare-
bluri aweviT, _ ès sabralo moxuci, ubralod, genueli Tavia!~
_ 37batono Cemo, Tu Tavxedobad ar CamiTvliT, iqneb amix-
snaT, ras gulisxmobT `genuel TavSi”?
_ es aris kaci, romelmac uzarmazari kapitali daagrova da,
cxadia, mis janmrTelobasa da sicocxlezea damokidebuli am
ojaxis keTildReoba.
231
38
maxsovs, q-n de eparTan movismine, rogor amtkicebda erTi
hipnoziori, rom istoriuli monacemebis guldasmiTi Seswavli-
sa da moxucis SuSis qveS moqcevis Sedegad, igi cnobili balzamo,
an rogorc mas uwodeben, kaliostro aRmoCnda. am Tanamedrove
alqimikosis Tanaxmad, sicilieli avanturisti sikvdils gadau-
rCa da Tavs imiT iqcevs, rom Tavisi SviliSvilebisTvis oqros
amzadebs. feretis mosamarTlem am ucnob pirovnebaSi grafi de
sen-Jermeni amoicno. 39Cvens droSi urwmuno sazogadoebisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli STagonebuli toniTa da damcinavi saxiT na-
Tqvami yvela es abdaubda kidev ufro aZlierebda de lantis oja-
xis mimarT aRZrul eWvebs. dabolos, garemoebaTa ucnauri dam-
TxveviT, am ojaxis wevrebma Tavad misces sababi sazogadoebaSi
Worebis agorebas, radgan ase asaidumloebdnen TavianT kavSirs
moxucTan da mis cxovrebas yovelgvari cnobismoyvareobis ga-
movlinebisgan ifaravdnen.
41
moxucis yoveli gamoCena im oTaxebs gareT, romlebic mas
de lantis saxlSi ekava, ojaxis wevrTa did mRelvarebas iwvevda.
TiTqos es raRac zemaRali mniSvnelobis movlena iyo. mxolod
filipo, marianina, q-ni de lanti da moxuci msaxuri sargeblobd-
nen upiratesobiT, daxmarebodnen ucnobs siarulSi, adgomasa Tu
dajdomaSi. TiToeuli maTgani yuradRebiT akvirdeboda mis mci-
re moZraobasac ki. 42Canda, rom am grZneul pirovnebaze iyo damo-
kidebuli mTeli ojaxis bedniereba, cxovreba Tu keTildReoba.
43
ra iyo es _ SiSi Tu siyvaruli? maRali sazogadoebis warmo-
madgenlebi ver poulobdnen miniSnebasac ki, rac maT am kiTxva-
ze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmarebodaT. 44 Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ro-
meliRac uxilavi sakurTxevlis siRrmeSi damaluli de lantis
ojaxis es idumali suli, moulodnelad da Cumad gamoCndeboda
xolme darbazebSi, Zveli zRaprebis frTian drakonze amxedre-
buli feriebis msgavsad, romlebic imisTvis ecxadebodnen ada-
mianebs, rom disonansi SeetanaT dResaswaulSi, romelzec maTi
dapatiJeba daaviwydaT. 45mxolod dakvirvebuli Tvali SeamC-
nevda aseT dros maspinZelTa SeSfoTebas, romelTac araCveu-
lebrivad exerxebodaT sakuTari grZnobebis dafarva. 46 Tumca,
zogjer, Sua kadrilis cekvisas, maT Soris yvelaze miamiti ma-
rianina SeSinebul mzeras miapyrobda xolme moxucs, romelsac
mocekvaveTa jgufidan Tvalyurs adevnebda, an filipo gaarRve-
232
vda brbos, raTa masTan misuliyo da mis gverdiT darCeniliyo,
iseTi sinaziTa da yuradRebiT aRsavse, TiTqos adamianTa mcire
Sexeba an sulis Sebervac ki daamsxvrevda am ucnaur qmnilebas.
grafinia yovelTvis cdilobda, TiTqos SemTxveviT miaxleboda
mas; aseT SemTxvevaSi misi saxis yoveli moZraoba erTdroulad
gamoxatavda sinazesa da pirmoTneobas, morCilebasa da despo-
tizms; or Tu sam sityvas warmoTqvamda da moxuci TiTqmis yo-
velTvis emorCileboda mis nebas, an vinmes gaayvaninebda xolme
darbazidan an Tavad gahyavda. 47 roca qalbatoni de lanti iq ar
iyo, grafi aTas xriks mimarTavda, rom mas miaxloeboda; magram
moxuci, rogorc Cans, didad ar ugdebda yurs da grafic gaTa-
mamebuli bavSviviT eqceoda, romelsac deda kaprizebs ukmayo-
filebs an misi gakapasebis eSinia. 48zogierTi mouridebeli da
daufiqrebeli bedavda da graf de lantis gamokiTxvas iwyeb-
da, magram es civi da TavSekavebuli kaci iseT gamometyvelebas
iRebda, TiTqos cnobismoyvareTa kiTxvebi arc esmoda. amgvarad,
moxucis vinaobis dadgenis araerTgzisi mcdelobis Semdeg, rac
ojaxis yvela wevris sifrTxilis gamo amao Seiqna, am mkacrad da-
culi saidumlos gamokvlevas ukve aRaravin cdilobda. maRali
sazogadoebis jaSuSebi, doylapia usaqmurebi da politikosebi
brZoliT daiRalnen da am saidumlos gamoZieba Sewyvites.
49
magram am wuTSic ki, SesaZlebelia, am brwyinvale darbazSi
iyvnen filosofosebi, romlebic miirTmevdnen nayins, SarbaTs an
magidaze dgamdnen daclil punSis Wiqebs da ambobdnen:
_ ar gamikvirdeba, Tu gavigeb, rom eseni TaRliTebi arian.
am moxucs, romelic sul sadRac imaleba da mxolod zamTris an
zafxuli buniobisas Cndeba, mkvlelis gamometyveleba aqvs...
_ an gakotrebulis...
_ es TiTqmis erTi da igivea. adamianisTvis zogjer gakotre-
ba uaresia, vidre sikvdili.
_ 50batonebo, me 20 luidori davde, maSasadame, 40 mekuTvnis.
_ ki batono, magram magidaze mxolod 30 darCa.
_ ah! ai, SexedeT, ra areuli sazogadoebaa. aq TamaSic ki
SeuZlebelia.
_ marTalia... magram male eqvsi Tve gaxdeba, rac TvaliT ar
gvinaxavs is sulieri. rogor fiqrobT, viTom cocxali arsebaa?
_ aba, vin icis...
es ukanaskneli sityvebi Cems maxloblad viRac ucnobebma war-
moTqves, romlebic wavidnen. 51swored im wuTebSi, rodesac saku-
233
Tar fiqrebs vajamebdi, romlebSic erTmaneTSi ireoda sinaTle
da wyvdiadi, sicocxle da sikvdili. Cems giJur warmosaxvaSi,
iseve rogorc Cems TvalTa winaSe, erTmaneTs enacvleboda xan
dResaswauli, mTeli Tavisi brwyinvalebiT, xanac _ baRis Sav-
bneli suraTi. 52ar vici, ramden xans davyavi adamianis cxovrebis
gamomxatveli medlis am ori mxaris Sesaxeb fiqrebSi, 53magram
uecrad axalgazrda qalis mogudulma sicilma gamomafxizla.
54
gaognebuli davrCi im suraTis xilviT, romelic Cem Tvalwin
gadaiSala. 55 bunebis raRac ucnauri kaprizis gamo, gaorebuli
fiqri, romelic Cems gonebaSi trialebda, iqidan gamovida da Cem
win dadga _ xorcSesxmuli, cocxali; is Cemi Tavidan amoCqefda,
rogorc minerva iupiteris Tavidan, didi da Zlieri, erTbaSad
asi wlisac da ocdaori wlisac, cocxalica da mkvdaric. 56sa-
kuTari oTaxidan gamoparuli Cia moxuci, saknidan gamoqceuli
giJiviT, mardad gaZvra marianinas xmiT gatacebuli stumrebis
zurgs ukan, romelmac es-esaa daasrula tankredis kavatana.
57
TiTqos is miwis qvemodan raRac Teatraluri meqanizmis wyalo-
biT amoimarTa. 58uZravi da pirquSi saxiT, ramdenime wuTis gan-
mavlobaSi Tvals adevnebda dResaswauls, romlis xmauri albaT
miswvda mis smenas. TiTqos gabruebuli iyo, magram sagnebs iseTi
yuradRebiT akvirdeboda, rom amden xalxs verc ki amCnevda. 59ue-
crad, yovelgvari ceremoniis gareSe, SeCerda parizis yvelaze
momxibvleli qalis siaxloves, 60axalgazrda, natifi formebiT
gamorCeul da elegantur mocekvavesTan, erT imaTganTan, rom-
lebic bavSvebiviT norCebi arian, iseTi sustni, vardisferni da
TeTrni, iseTi gamWvirvaleni, rom gegonebaT, kacis mzera ise ga-
aRwevs maTSi, rogorc mzis sxivebi _ gamWvirvale minaSi. 61isini
idgnen aq, Cem win, orni, erTad, gaerTianebulni da ise mWidrod
mikrulni, rom ucnobi exeboda mis gazis kabas, yvavilebis gir-
liandebs, mis talRovan Tmas, mdidrul qamars.
62
es axalgazrda qali q-n de lantis wveulebaze me miviyvane.
radgan is pirvelad iyo am saxlSi,M Sevunde uneburi moguduli
sicili, magram mainc Sevecade, SemeCerebina igi mbrZanebluri
JestebiT, ramac daafiqra da STaagona, rom pativi eca gverdiT
myofisTvis. 63is CemTan axlos dajda. 64moxucs ar surda moSore-
boda Tavis momxibvlel mezobels, romelsac Rrmad moxucebis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli mdumare da bavSvurad umizezo JinianobiT
234
miekra. 65axalgazrda qalTan axlos rom damjdariyo, dasakeci
skami unda moetana. mis yovel moZraobas daRad aCnda momakvdine-
beli sicive, dambladacemulTa qmedebebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
briyvuli yoymani. is nela, sifrTxiliT dajda Tavis skamze 66da
ramdenime sityva gaurkvevlad Caibutbuta. misi gabzaruli xma
WaSi Cavardnili qvis xmaurs hgavda. 67SeSfoTebulma axalgazrda
qalma xeli momiWira, TiTqos raRac safrTxisgan Tavis dacvas
cdilobda da akankalda, 68 roca am kacma mas mas ori gayinuli,
momwvano feris, mqrqali sadafisferi Tvali miapyro.
_ 69meSinia, _ Cemken gadmoixara da yurSi CamCurCula.
_ 70SegiZliaT xmamaRla ilaparakoT, vupasuxe me, _ mas Za-
lian cudad esmis.
_ maSasadame, Tqven mas icnobT?
_ diax.
71
Semdeg man gadawyvita, yuradRebiT Seeswavla gverdiT myofi
arseba, romelsac Znelad Tu uwodebdi adamians _ es iyo forma
usubstanciod, yofna usicocxlod an sicocxle umoZraod. 72Cemi
Tanmxlebi Sepyrobili iyo imgvari Zlieri cnobismoyvareobiT,
romelic ubiZgebs qalebs, eZion saSiSi emociebi, naxon awyveti-
li vefxvi an uzarmazari gveli da, amave dros, aZrwunebdeT fi-
qri imaze, rom yovelive amas myife barieri aSorebT. 73 Cia moxucs
zurgi dRiur muSasaviT moRunvoda, Tumca aSkarad etyoboda,
rom odesRac saSualo simaRlis unda yofiliyo. am adamianis ga-
daWarbebuli sigamxdre da kidurebis sinatife amtkicebda, rom
yovelTvis moxdenili proporciebi eqneboda.
74
mas Savi abreSumis mokle Sarvali ecva, romelic xorcga-
clili barZayebis garSemo daSvebuli afrasaviT frialebda.
75
anatoms rom moxucis patara fexebi enaxa, romelsac sxeuli
eWira, maSinve SeniSnavda asakobrivi gamofitulobis Semzarav
niSnebs. 76misi fexebi saflavis qvaze gadajvaradinebul or Zvals
mogagonebdaT. 77adamianuri arsebobis araraobis mimarT saSine-
li grZnoba ganmsWvalavda guls, roca am myife meqanizmSi wle-
biT gamowveul saSineli rRvevis niSnebs dainaxavdiT. 78ucnobs
TeTri, oqrosferi ZafiT naqargi Jileti ecva, rogorsac Zvel
droSi atarebdnen. misi perangi siTeTrisgan qaTqaTebda. mker-
dze yviTel iarusebad efina siZvelisgan narinjisfrad qceu-
li inglisuri maqmanis Jabo, imdenad Zvirfasi, rom nebismier
235
dedofals SeSurdeboda. magram masze es maqmanebi ZonZs ufro
waagavda, vidre samkauls. am Jaboebs Soris mzesaviT brwyinavda
fasdaudebeli brilianti. 79es Zvelmoduri simdidre, es uZvir-
fasesi da ugemovno samkaulebi, am ucnaur arsebas gansakuTre-
bul iers aZlevda. 80CarCo Rirseul portrets imsaxurebda. mas
Savi, usiamovno da erTianad danaoWebuli saxe hqonda, nikapi _
Camovardnili, safeTqlebi _ Cacvenili, Tvalebi _ Rrma, moyvi-
Talo fosoebSi Cakarguli. yvrimalis Zvlebi, romlebic meti-
smeti sigamxdris gamo win iyo wamosuli, loyebis CaRrmavebebs
mkveTrad warmoaCenda. 81xelovnuri ganaTebis wyalobiT yvela es
simrude Suq-Crdilebis ucnaur TamaSs qmnida, rac mis saxes ada-
mianur niSanwyals sabolood aclida. 82wlebs ise Zalumad miekra
am arsebis Zvlebze yviTeli da sifrifana saxis kani, rom uamravi
naoWiT aRevso, romelTagan zogi bavSvis mier nasroli qvisgan
wylis zedapirze gamkrTali rkalebiviT wriseburi iyo, zogi mi-
nis bzarebiviT varskvlavis formis, magram yovelTvis ise Rrma
da ise SemWidroebuli, rogorc wignis furclebis SemonaWeri.
83
xSirad SeiZleba Sexvde SemaZrwunebeli garegnobis moxucs, ma-
gram Cven winaSe mdgar moCvenebas gansakuTrebulad usicocxlo,
xelovnuri arsebis iers saxeze sqlad dadebuli ferumarili
aniWebda, warbebi ki ise ubrwyinavda lampis Suqze, rom mis niRa-
biviT saxes xelovanis mier kargad daweril portretad garda-
qmnida. sabednierod, misi gvamis msgavsi Tavis qala Ria feris pa-
rikSi iyo Semaluli, romlis auracxeli kululi gansakuTrebul
pretenziulobaze miuTiTebda. 84am fantasmagoriuli pirovnebis
qaluri sikekluce cxadad vlindeboda wyvili sayuriT, oqros
beWdebiT, romelTa fasdaudebeli qvebi gaZvaltyavebul Ti-
Tebze brwyinavda, saaTis jaWviT, romelic qalis kiserze moel-
vare briliantis yelsabams hgavda. 85mis iaponuri kerpis msgavs
86
molurjo tuCebze ki daundobeli da damcinavi, micvalebulis
msgavsi Rimili gayinuliyo. 87qandakebasaviT mdumare, uZravi mo-
xuci romeliRac gardacvlili hercoginias Zveli kabebis msgavs
muSkis suns afrqvevda, romlebic memkvidreebma karadis ujri-
dan aRweris mizniT amoaTries. 88roca moxuci mzeras mocekva-
veebisken mimarTavda, mogeCvenebodaT, rom mis Tvalis gugebs
ar SeeZloT naTeli aereklaT da is raRac xelovnuri, uxilavi
ZaliT moZraobda; xolo roca mzeras raimeze SeaCerebda, mxil-
236
vels eWvs uCenda, rom mas mzeris raimeze gadatana SeeZlo. 89am
adamianuri narCenebis maxloblad Canda axalgazrda qali. 90misi
moSiSvlebuli da TeTri yeli, mxrebi da gulispiri, savse forme-
bi, gafurCqnuli silamaze da alebastrisfer Sublze dafenili
xSiri Tmebi _ siyvaruls STagagonebdaT. misi Tvalebi naTels
ki ar STanTqavda, aramed afrqvevda. am nazi mSvenierebiT aRsa-
vse da sulmTlad axalgazrda qalis haerovani kululebi, misi
surnelovani sunTqva, am aCrdilisa da mtvrad qceuli kacisTvis
Zalian mZime, Zlieri da mSfoTvare mogeCvenebodaT: 91ah! es marT-
lac iyo sikvdili da sicocxle, Cems fiqrebSi xorcSesxmuli ja-
dosnuri arabeski, saswaulebrivad mSvenieri qaluri sxeulis
mqone naxevrad amazrzeni qimera.
_ qveynad arcTu iSviaTia amgvar arsebebs Soris qorwineba _
gavifiqre.
_ 92mas saflavis suni asdis! _ SeSinebulma wamoiyvira axal-
gazrda qalma 93da momekra, radgan Cemgan eloda dacvas; misma am
impulsurma saqcielma mimaxvedra, rom Zalian SeSinda.
_ 94es raRac saSineli xilvaa, _ gaagrZela man, _ metxans aq
veRar davrCebi. Tu kidev Sevxedav, nel-nela davijereb, rom Ta-
vad sikvdili movida Cems wasayvanad. magram cocxalia ki?
95
da man am fenomenisken xeli 96imgvari gambedaobiT gaiwo-
da, rogorsac qalebi TavianTi nebelobiT iZenen; 97magram civma
oflma daasxa, vinaidan ver moaswro moxucs Sexeboda, rom yur-
Tasmenis wamRebi Wriala bgerebi gaigona. es mkivani xma, Tu es xma
iyo, moxucs sruliad gamomSrali yelidan aRmoxda. 98am yvirils
maSinve mohyva raRac bavSvuri da, amave dros, gansakuTrebuli
xmovanebis mqone konvulsiuri xvela. 99xmaurze marianinam, fili-
pom da qalbatonma de lantim Tvalebi Cven mogvapyres. maTi mze-
ra elvasaviT gakrTa. axalgazrda qali mzad iyo, Tundac senis
fskerze damaluliyo.
100
is mxarze dameyrdno da buduarisken wamiyvana; qalma Tu
kacma, yvelam gza dagviTmo. gaviareT sadResaswaulo darbazi da
patara, naxevradwriul oTaxSi SevediT. 101SiSisgan acaxcaxebuli
Cemi Tanmxlebi taxtze daeca da TiTqmis ver acnobierebda, sad
iyo.
_ 102qalbatono, xom ar gagiJdiT! _ vuTxari mas.
_ 103Tavad gansajeT, _ amoiRo xma dumilis Semdeg. am dros
SesaZlebloba momeca, misi mzeriT davmtkbariyavi, _ 104gana dam-
237
naSave var? ratom uSvebs qalbatoni de lanti, rom bunebis Sec-
domam mis saxlSi ixetialos?
_105sakmarisia, vupasuxe _ Tqven sxva tutucebs baZavT, Cveu-
lebriv, Cia moxucs, safrTxobelad miiCnevT.
_106gaCumdiT! _ SemekamaTa iseTi mediduri da damcinavi ga-
mometyvelebiT, rogoric SeiZleba miiRon qalebma, romelTac
TavianTi simarTlis Cveneba surT.
_ 107ra lamazi buduaria! _ wamoiZaxa, roca garSemo mimoixe-
da, _ kedlebze Ggakruli cisferi atlasi yovelTvis gasaocar
efeqts qmnis. ra xasxasaa! 108ah! ra kargi suraTia! _D daamata Sem-
deg, adga da didebul CarCoSi Casmul portrets miuaxlovda.
am saocrebis mxilvelni ramdenime wami gavirindeT. 109raRac
zebunebrivi funjiT Seqmnil 110suraTze gamosaxuli iyo lomis
tyavze wamowolili adonisi. 111buduaris SuaSi dakidebulma
alebastris lampam es tilo msubuqi naTliT gaanaTa, ramac saSu-
aleba mogvca, naxati mTeli Tavisi mSvenierebiT aRgveqva.
_ 112gana SeiZleba arsebobdes aseTi srulyofili qmnileba?
_ mkiTxa man 113mas Semdeg, rac kmayofilebiT aRsavse nazi Rimi-
liT Seiswavla adonisis natifi da moxdenili sxeulis konture-
bi, misi poza, feri, Tmebi, erTi sityviT, mTlianad.
_ 114zedmetad lamazia mamakacis pirobaze, _ daamata man,
rodesac iseTi yuradRebiT daaTvaliera suraTi, TiTqos mis wi-
naSe metoqe idga.
115
oh, ra Zlierad vigrZeni im wuTebSi eWvianobis Semoteva;
116
odesRac erTi poeti amaod marwmunebda, rom SeiZleba ieWvia-
no suraTebze, graviurebze, qandakebebze, romlebSic xelovanni,
erTgulni im doqtrinisa, romelsac isini yvelafris ideali-
zaciisken mihyavs, adamianur mSvenierebas azviadeben.
_ 117es aris portreti _ vupasuxe me _ romelic vienis funjs
ekuTvnis. 118magram am did mxatvars arasodes unaxavs originali
da Tqveni aRfrTovaneba SeiZleba ramdenadme Sesustdes, roca
gaigebT, rom am naxatis modeli qalis qandakeba iyo.
_ 119magram, vin aris igi?
me Sevyoymandi.
_ minda vicode, vin aris igi, _ daamata man daJinebiT.
_ 120mgoni, _ vuTxari, _ es adonisi... qalbatoni de lantis...
naTesavTagania.
238
121
Sevwuxdi, rodesac davinaxe, rom am mSvenieri naxatis Wvre-
tisas is isev gaitaca fiqrebma. Semdeg mdumared daeSva taxt-
ze, gverdiT mivujeqi, aviRe misi xeli, magram mas es arc ki Se-
uniSnavs! portretis Semyures Cemi arseboba aRarc ki axsovda!
122
uecrad siCumeSi qalis msubuqi fexis xma da kabis Sriali ga-
isma 123da davinaxeT axalgazrda marianina, romelsac ucodveli
da wminda gamometyveleba ufro met brwyinvalebas aniWebda,
vidre garegnuli mSveniereba da sinorCe. is nela modioda da
dedobrivi mzrunvelobiTa da qaliSvilis sinaziT iWerda mor-
Tul-mokazmul moCvenebas, romlis gamoc sakoncerto darbazi
mivatoveT; 124marianina win miuZRveboda moxucs, mSfoTvared
ufrTxildeboda mis TiToeul aramyar nabijs. 125maT gaWirvebiT
miaRwies karamde, romelic SpaleriT iyo dafaruli. 126iq maria-
ninam msubuqad daakakuna. 127maSinve, raRac jadosnurad, maRali,
xmeli kaci gamoCnda, romelic ojaxis erTgvar keTil suls hga-
vda. 128vidre moxucs am misteriul mcvels Caabarebda, 129gogonam
mowiwebiT akoca mosiarule gvams da am umanko alersSi daufara-
vad gamoCnda is graciozuli sinaze, romlis saidumlo qalTagan
mxolod rCeulebma ician.
_ 130Addio, Addio! _ uTxra mas Tavisi axalgazrduli, moRuRu-
ne xmiT 131da ukanasknel marcvalze gansakuTrebuli srulqmni-
lebiT Sesrulebuli rulada daamata, oRond dabali xmiT, ri-
Tac TiTqos Tavisi gulisnadebis poeturad gamoxatva surda.
132
uecrad moxucs TiTqos raRac gaaxsenda da saidumlo oTaxis
zRurblze SeCerda. samariseburi
��
siCumis wyalobiT misi mker-
didan amomavali mZime amooxvra gavigoneT; 133man yvelaze lamazi
beWedi moixsna maT Soris, romlebic mis gamxmar TiTebs amSveneb-
da da marianinas ubeSi Caudo. 134patara keklucma siciliT aiRo
samkauli, TiTze xelTaTmanis zemodan gaikeTa 135da swrafad gai-
qca salonisken, saidanac im wuTSi kadrilis preludia ismoda.
136
man SegvniSna:
_ ah, Tqven aq iyaviT? _ Tqva man gawiTlebulma.
ise gviyurebda, TiTqos raRacis kiTxva surda,137Semdeg ki Ta-
visi asakisTvis damaxasiaTebeli uzrunvelobiT kavalerisken
gaiqca.
_ 138ras niSnavs es yvelaferi? _ SemekiTxa Cemi axalgazrda
Tanamgzavri. nuTu es misi qmaria? 139mgonia, rom sizmarSi var.
sad var?
239
_ Tqven! _ vupasuxe, _ Tqven, qalbatono, vinc ase aRmafr-
Tovanebeli xarT, visac yvelaze SeumCneveli grZnobebis gageba
SegiZliaT da ZalgiZT, kacis gulSi ise aRZraT Rrma da nazi gr-
Znobebi, rom igi ar SeuracxyoT, CanasaxSive ar gabzaroT, Tqven,
vinc TanaugrZnobT gulis wuxils da italieli Tu espaneli qa-
lebis vnebian sulTan Serwymuli parizelis goneba gaqvT...
is mSvenivrad mixvda, rom Cemi sityvebi mware ironiiT iyo ga-
jerebuli, magram ar SeimCnia da momibrunda:
_ ah! Tqven gindaT, rom Tqveni gemovnebis mixedviT gardam-
qmnaT. saSineli Zaladobaa! gsurT, rom me me ar viyo?
_ ara, me araferi ar minda! _ wamoviyvire misi saxis mkacri
gamometyvelebiT SeSinebulma. 140magram aRiareT, rom mZafri
vnebebis Sesaxeb ambebis mosmena giyvarT; vnebebisa, romlebsac
Cvens gulebSi saocari samxreTeli qalebi aRZraven.
_ 141da mere ra!
_ ai, ra! xval saRamos aTi saaTisken moval TqvenTan da am
ojaxis saidumlos gagimxelT.
_ 142ara, _ mipasuxa man jiuti gamometyvelebiT, minda axlave
miamboT.
_ Tqven jer kidev ar mogiciaT ufleba dagmorCildeT, roca
ambobT _ `minda~...
_ 143axlave minda am saidumlos gageba, _ mipasuxa iseTi si-
kekluciT, romelsac adamianis imedgacruebamde miyvana Seu-
Zlia. _ xval iqneb aRarc ki momindes Tqveni mosmena...
144
man gaiRima da Cven erTmaneTs davSordiT; is, rogorc yo-
velTvis, amayi da Tavdajerebuli, me _ Zveleburad sasacilo.
mas eyo gambedaoba, valsi Seesrulebina axalgazrda adiutantTan;
me ki xan vbrazobdi, xan vibutebodi, xan aRtacebuli viyavi, xan
siyvaruliT vivsebodi, xan _ eWvebi mRrRnida.
_ 145xvalamde! _ miTxra man daaxloebiT Ramis 2 saaTze, roca
mejliss tovebda.
_ 146ar moval! _ gavifiqre _ migatoveb. Sen, albaT,
aTasjer ufro Wirveuli xar, ufro saocari... vidre SemiZlia
warmovidgino...
147
meore dRes 148patara, eleganturad morTul oTaxSi,
cecxlis win visxediT; is _ patara divanze, me _ baliSebze, TiT-
qmis mis ferxTiT da TvalebSi Sevyurebdi. quCaSi siCume iyo.
240
lampa msubuqad anaTebda. es iyo sulis maamebeli erT-erTi im
saucxoo saRamoTagani, romelsac verasodes daiviwyeb; es iyo
simSvidesa da survilSi ganvlili saaTebi, romelTa xibli yo-
velTvis sinanuliT gaxsendeba, maSinac ki, roca ufro did bed-
nierebas ganicdi. ras SeuZlia sulidan warxocos pirveli siyva-
rulis cocxali anabeWdi?
_ 149daiwyeT, _ miTxra man, _ gismenT.
_ 150magram dawyebas ver vbedav. ambavSi mTxrobelisTvis saxi-
faTo adgilebia. Tuki gamitaca, SemaCereT.
_ 151miambeT.
_ 152gemorCilebiT.
_ 153ernest-Jan sarazini bezansoneli advokatis erTaderTi
Svili iyo, _ daviwye mcire pauzis Semdeg. _ mamamisma sakmaod
kanonierad daagrova kapitali, romelic weliwadSi 6-idan 8-a-
Tas livramde aRwevda, rac provinciisTvis im dros kolosalur
Tanxad iTvleboda. moxuc sarazins, romelsac erTi vaJis garda
aravin hyavda, ar surda raime daeklo misi ganaTlebisTvis. mas
imedi hqonda, rom odesme igi sasamarTlo uwyebis moxele gaxde-
boda da didxans icocxlebda _ ise, rom xandazmulobisas, san-
dueli miwaTmoqmedis, matio sarazinis SviliSvili, parlamen-
tis sadideblad, saxelmwifo gerbiT damSvenebul savarZelSi
mokalaTdeboda da CaTvlemda. magram gangebam moxuc advokats
es sixaruli ar arguna. 154mcirewlovani sarazini aRsazrdelad
iezuitebs miabares. 155is daudgromeli xasiaTis, 156niWieri bavSvi
iyo; 157Taviseburad mecadineoba surda, xSirad avlenda meambo-
xur bunebas, xandaxan saaTobiT eZleoda SfoTian fiqrebs, xanac
megobrebis TamaSs adevnebda Tvals, xan ki Tavs homerosis gmi-
rad warmoidgenda. 158garTobisas zedmet mgznebarebas avlenda.
amxanagebTan konfliqti iSviaTad mTavrdeboda usisxlod. Tu
maTze susti aRmoCndeboda, ikbineboda. 159xan energiiT iyo aRsa-
vse, xan Zalagamoclili, xan ugunuri, xan _ emociuri, misi uc-
nauri xasiaTi 160 SiSs aRuZravda rogorc maswavleblebs, ise amxa-
nagebs. 161berZnuli enis safuZvlebis Seswavlis nacvlad, Rirsi
mamis portrets xatavda, romelic Tukidides fragments xsnida,
aseve xatavda maTematikis maswavleblis, prefeqtis, mejinibis,
gamomcdelis karikaturebs da mTel kedlebs raRac uTavbolo
eskizebiT faravda. 162eklesiaSi, RvTismsaxurebis dros, uflis
241
sadideblis galobis nacvlad erToboda da skamze daniT naWde-
vebs akeTebda. 163Tu sadme xis naWers moiparavda, misgan romelime
wmindanis figuras kveTda; Tu xes, qvas an fanqars ver ipovida,
Tavis Canafiqrs puris guliT axorcielebda. 164roca samlo-
cvelos kedelze gamosaxul wmindanTa saxeebs gadmoxatavda an
Tavad akeTebda improvizacias, yovelTvis da yvelgan uxeS mo-
naxazebs tovebda, romelTa amoraluri xasiaTi imeds ukargavda
axalgazrda berebsa da, rogorc boroti enebi ambobdnen, Rimils
hgvrida moxuc iezuitebs. 165bolos, Tu kolejis qronikas davu-
jerebT, is saswavleblidan gamoagdes, 166radgan erTxel, vnebis
paraskevs, roca aRsarebis saTqmelad Tavis rigs elodeboda,
SeSis naWrisgan qriste gamokveTa, romelzec iseTi saSineli
urwmunoeba iyo gamosaxuli, rom misi Semqmneli udavod mZime
sasjels imsaxurebda. esec ar ikmara, eyo kadniereba da es sakma-
od cinikuri figura sakurTxevelSi Seitana.
167
sarazini Seecada, parizSi epova TavSesafari, raTa 168mamis
wyevlas gaqceoda. 169Zlieri nebelobis mqone moqandake, romli-
sTvisac dabrkolebebi ucxo iyo, Tavisi niWis midrekilebas da-
emorCila da buSardonis saxelosnoSi mivida. 170mTeli dRe muSa-
obda da saRamoobiT mowyalebas iTxovda, rom earseba. 171axal-
gazrda xelovanis winsvliTa da niWierebiT aRfrTovanebuli
buSardoni 172male mixvda mowafis gasaWirs, keTilganwyobiT
ganimsWvala mis mimarT da SviliviT eqceoda. 173Semdeg, rodesac
sarazinis genia warmoCnda 174im namuSevrebiT, romlebSic momava-
li talanti axalgazrdul gznebas ebrZvis, 175didsulovani bu-
Sardoni Seecada, igi mamasTan Seerigebina, raTa mSoblis mfarve-
loba daebrunebina. cnobili moqandakis avtoritetis wyalobiT
sarazinis mamam mrisxaneba mowyalebiT Secvala. mTeli bezansoni
amayobda imiT, rom momavali didi pirovneba maT mxareSi daibada.
pirveli aRfrTovanebis fonze xelmomWirne mamis Tavmoyvareo-
ba srulad dakmayofilda da igi cdilobda, SvilisTvis materia-
luri Semweoba gaewia, raTa mas Tavaweuls evlo sazogadoebaSi.
176
xangrZlivma da bejiTma swavlam, romelsac qandakeba moiTxo-
vs, 177droTa ganmavlobaSi sarazinis ficxi xasiaTi da veluri
suli daacxro. buSardoni winaswar Wvretda, Tu ra Zlieri vnebe-
bi SeiZleboda afeTqebuliyo am axalgazrda sulSi, 178romelic
SesaZlebelia iseve mZlavrad iyo nawrTobi, rogorc miqelanje-
242
los suli. 179amitom cdilobda, misi energia uwyveti muSaobiT
CaexSo. man Tavisi dauokebeli mowafe CarCoebSi moaqcia; muSa-
obas ukrZalavda da garTobisken mouwodebda maSin, roca xeda-
vda, rom sarazins fiqris grigali gaitacebda; sapasuxismgeblo
samuSaos ki im wuTebSi avalebda, roca igi TavaSvebulobisTvis
emzadeboda. 180Tumca am ficx pirovnebaze yvelaze ufro efeqtu-
rad alersma imoqmeda; maswavlebelma Tavis mowafeze gavlenis
moxdena da masSi madlierebis grZnobis gaRviZeba mSobliuri ke-
TilganwyobiT moaxerxa.
181
ocdaori wlis asakSi sarazinma Tavi daaRwia im sasikeTo
zegavlenas, romelsac buSardoni mis zne-Cveulebebsa da cno-
bierebaze axdenda. 182misi genia aRiares da Sesrulebuli namu-
SevrebisTvis 183madam de pompaduris Zmis, xelovnebis moamage
markiz de marinis mier dawesebuli jildo gadasces. 184didrom
buSardonis mowafis qandakebas Sedevri uwoda. 185daRonebulma
moxucma moqandakem Wabuki, 186romelic aqamde, Tavisi mrwamsidan
gamomdinare, yovelgvari amqveyniuri saqmisgan Sors idga, ita-
liaSi gauSva.
187
sarazini 6 weli iyo buSardonis Tanamesufre. 188mas Tavi-
si saqme kanovasaviT uyvarda. mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi igi
ganTiadisas dgeboda, raTa saxelosnoSi wasuliyo, ukan ki Ra-
miT brundeboda 189da mxolod Tavis muzasTan erTad cxovrobda.
190
Teatr `komedi franseSi~ mxolod Tavisi maswavleblis Tanx-
lebiT Tu wavidoda, magram ise uxerxulad grZnobda Tavs q-n
Jofrenis gverdiT da im did samyaroSi, romelSic buSardoni mis
CarTvas cdilobda, rom am epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebel Tavqarian
siamovnebas ganmartoeba erCivna. 191mas mxolod qandakeba 192da
operis varskvlavi _ klotilda uyvarda. 193magram es sasiyvaru-
lo kavSiri didxans ar gagrZelebula. 194sarazini sakmaod Seu-
xedavi, yovelTvis cudad Cacmuli da Tavisi bunebiT imdenad
Tavisufali iyo, rom pirad cxovrebaSi araviTar SezRudvas ar
aRiarebda. 195cnobilma momReralma, mosalodneli gansacdelis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT, moqandake umal Tavis sayvarel xelov-
nebas daubruna. 196am ambis gamo sofi arnum moswrebulad ixumra.
Tu ar vcdebi, is gaocebuli iyo imiT, rom misi megobrisadmi sa-
razinis interesma qandakeba gadawona.
197
1758 wels sarazini italiaSi wavida. 198am mogzaurobis dros
misi mgznebare warmosaxva italiis spilenZisferi cis qveS gaR-
243
vivda da xelovnebis samSobloSi mofenil gasaocar monumenteb-
Tan Sexebam mis arsebaSi Cauqrobeli cecxli aagizgiza.A axal-
gazrda xelovani qandakebebiT, freskebiT, naxatebiT tkbeboda.
199
romSi Casvlisas 200SejibrebisTvis ukve mzad iyo da surda,
Tavisi saxeli miqelanjelosa da buSardonis saxelebs Soris Ca-
ewera. pirvel xanebSi Tavis dros saxelosnoSi muSaobasa da im
xelovnebis nimuSebis yuradRebiT Seswavlas Soris anawilebda,
romlebic ase mravladaa romSi.
201
romSi ori kvira eqstazur mdgomareobaSi gaatara, nebismie-
ri mgrZnobiare axalgazrdis msgavsad, romelmac es nangreveba-
dqceuli qalaqi-dedofali ixila. 202erT saRamos Teatr àrjen-
tinas~ estumra, 203romlis winac xalxis teva aRar iyo. 204man Sek-
rebilTa simravlis mizezi ikiTxa.205adamianebi ori sityviT
pasuxobdnen:
_ zambinela! iomeli!
206
sarazini TeatrSi Sevida 207da parterSi 208or sakmaod msu-
qan abats Soris CaeWeWya: 209Tumca gaumarTla, scenasTan axlos
moxvda. 210farda aiwia. 211cxovrebaSi pirvelad mousmina musikas,
212
romliT mogvril siamezec, baron vorbaxTan gamarTul saRamo-
ze, mWevrmetyvelurad saubrobda Jan-Jak ruso. 213iomelis RvTa-
ebrivma harmoniam axalgazrda moqandakeze udidesi STabeWdi-
leba moaxdina, misi grZnobebi gaayuCa. erTmaneTTan ostaturad
Sexamebuli italiuri xmebis am Taviseburma sinazem eniTauwe-
reli netareba mohgvara. 214damunjda, adgilidan veRar iZvroda,
verc ki grZnobda, rom or abats Soris imyofeboda. 215suli Ti-
Tqos yurebsa da TvalebSi gadausaxlda. egona, rom xmas mTeli
sxeuliT isrutavda. 216uecrad aplodismentebma iquxa da scena-
ze primadona gamoCnda. 217is keklucad gamovida avanscenaze da
sazogadoebas usazRvro madlierebiT miesalma. sinaTle, xalxis
aRtaceba, sceniuri iluzia, momxibvleli kostiumi, rac imxanad
sakmaod macdurad gamoiyureboda, amZafrebda STabeWdilebas,
218
romelic am qalma gamoiwvia. 219sarazins siamovnebis yvirili
aRmoxda. 220is aRfrTovnebuli iyo im idealuri silamaziT, rasac
bunebaSi amden xans eZebda, roca erTi, xSirad usaxuri modelis-
gan, fexebis momxibvlel simrgvales iRebda, meorisgan – mkerdis
konturebs, mesamisgan _ axalgazrda qalis yelTan SeerTebul
TeTr mxrebs, viRac qaliSvilis xelebs, mozardis gluv, priala
244
muxlebs. 222sicocxliT savse da naz zambinelaSi Tavi moeyara qa-
lis sxeulis saocrad daxvewil proporciebs, rac mas didi xania
swyuroda da romlis mkacri da, amave dros, vnebiT aRsavse Sem-
fasebeli mxolod moqandake SeiZleboda yofiliyo. 223metyveli
bage, siyvaruliT savse Tvalebi, kanis damabrmavebeli siTeTre.
224
yvela am detals daumateT mxatvris aRfrTovanebaSi momyva-
ni 225Zveli berZnis saWreTliT gamoqandakebuli veneras mTeli
srulqmnileba. 226xelovani ver kmayofildeboda im sworupovari
xazebis daxvewilobiT, romliTac xelebi sxeuls uerTdeba, ye-
lis saucxoo simrgvaliT, harmoniulad morkaluli warbebiT,
cxviriT, saxis unaklo ovaliT, sicocxliT savse konturebis
siwmindiT, xSiri, aprexili wamwamebis silamaziT, romlebic did,
vnebiT aRsavse quTuToebs Semojarvoda... 227is ufro meti iyo,
vidre qali _ is iyo Sedevri. 228am saocar qmnilebaSi ipovidiT
siyvarulis dapirebasac, mamakacebs rom ase aRafrTovanebs da
iseT mSvenierebasac, TviT yvelaze mkacr kritikossac rom
daakmayofilebs.
229
sarazini TvalebiT Wamda pigmalionis am qandakebas, rome-
lic kvarcxlbekidan misTvis Camosuliyo. 230roca zambinelam
simRera daiwyo, 231gaSmagda 232da ciebam moicva; 233Semdeg igrZno,
rom sadRac, misi arsebis siRrmeSi, rasac sxva sityvis uqonlo-
bis gamo Cven guls vuwodebT, cecxli agizgizda! 234mas ar dau-
kravs taSi, ubralod, dumda 235da grZnobda, rom nel-nela sigiJe
ipyrobda; 236amgvari gaSmageba SeiZleba mxolod im asakSi ganvica-
doT, roca Cveni survilebi warmoudgenlad mZafri, saSineli da
jojoxeTuria. 237sarazins Teatris scenaze avardna da am qalis
daufleba mounda. erTgvari sulieri daTrgunulobiT gaasmage-
buli misi energia (romlis mizezic Znelad Tu aixsneba, vinaidan
es movlenebi im sferoSi mimdinareobs, romelic adamianis mze-
risTvis miuwvdomelia), mtkivneuli da TavSeukavebeli gadmoR-
vrisken iswrafoda. 238gverdidan rom SegexedaT, civi da briyvi
kaci gegonebodaT. 239dideba, mecniereba, momavali, gvirgvini,
yvelaferi Camoingra, gacamtverda.
240
misi siyvarulis mopoveba an sikvdili! – aseTi iyo ganaCeni,
romelic sarazinma Tavs gamoutana. 241iseTi gabruebuli iyo, rom
verc darbazs xedavda, verc msmenels, verc msaxiobebs, musikac
ki ar esmoda. 242metic, masa da zambinelas Soris manZili ar ar-
245
sebobda; sarazini eufleboda momRerals, masze miSterebuli
TvalebiT ipyrobda. TiTqmis eSmakeuli ZaliT grZnobda misi
xmis TrTolvas, mis Tmaze dayrili pudris surnels, xedavda mis
saxes, SeeZlo daeTvala cisferi ZarRvebi, romlebic mis abre-
SumiviT kans kidev ufro warmoaCenda. 243bolos, zambinelas rbi-
li, nazi, wkriala, ZafiviT msubuqi xma, romelic sios qrolvaze
icvlis formas, sustdeba da Zlierdeba, vrceldeba da ikargeba,
mZafrad ekveTa mis suls. 244sarazinis bages Zlieri siamovnebiT
gamowveuli uneburi Sekivleba dascda, 245romlis msgavsi adami-
anurma vnebebma iSviaTad SeiZleba gamoiwvios. 246male iZulebu-
li gaxda Teatri daetovebina. 247fexebi ukankalebda da TiTqmis
aRar emorCileboda. ise Zalagamoclili da dasustebuli iyo,
rogorc ganerviulebuli adamiani, romelic saSinel sibrazes
ahyva. man iseTi siamovneba da, amasTan, imgvari tkivili gadai-
tana, rom misi cxovreba larnakidan uecrad gadmoRvril wyals
daemsgavsa. dacarielda, gatyda, Tavs im mZime avadmyofobiT
Sepyrobil adamianad grZnobda, romelsac gamojanmrTelebis
imedi daukargavs. 248auxsneli sevdiT moculi 249eklesiis kibeze
Camojda. zurgiT taZris svets mieyrdno da areulma fiqrebma
sizmariviT gaitaca. vneba mexiviT daatyda Tavs. 250saxlSi dabru-
nebuli 251SepyrobiliviT muSaobda, rac cxovrebaSi siaxlis gaCe-
naze miuTiTebs. pirveli siyvarulis cecxlis mopovebis Semdeg,
romelic siamovnebasTan iseve axlosaa, rogorc tanjvasTan,
mas sakuTari mouTmenlobisa da siSmagis sxva geziT warmarTva
surda da gadawyvita, zambinelas saxe maxsovrobiT Seeqmna. misma
survilebma TiTqos frTa Seisxa. 252zogierT furcelze zambine-
la gamoxatuli iyo iseT mSvid da civ pozaSi, rogorsac upira-
tesobas aniWebdnen rafaeli, jorjone da sxva didi mxatvrebi.
253
sxvagan mas Tavi natifad daexara, ruladas asrulebda da sa-
kuTar xmas TiTqos Tavadve usmenda. 254sarazinma Tavisi sayvar-
lis portreti yvela pozaSi daxata _ vualis gareSe, damjdari,
fexze mdgomi, dawolili, umankoebiTa Tu siyvaruliT savse; man
Tavisi gaSmagebuli fanqris wyalobiT ganaxorciela yvela axi-
rebuli idea, romelic Cvens warmosaxvaSi maSin Rvivdeba, roca
sayvarel adamianze fiqriT varT aRvsilni. 255magram misi Smagi
fiqrebi naxatis sazRvrebs scdeboda. 256is uyurebda zambinelas,
saubrobda masTan, emudareboda, ukavSirebda cxovrebisa da bed-
246
nierebis aTas wels, warmosaxvaSi masTan erTad ganicdida cxo-
vrebis mravalferovan epizodebs, 257gegmavda, Tu SeiZleba ase
iTqvas, masTan erTad gasatarebel momavals. 258meore diliT man
TeatrSi msaxuri gagzavna, raTa mTeli sezonisTvis loJa scenis
axlos eqiravebina. 259Semdeg, rogorc vnebebiT savse sulis mqo-
ne axalgazrdam, 260arCeuli gzis sirTuleebi gaazviada da ga-
dawyvita, pirvel xanebSi Tavisi vnebebi satrfos TayvaniscemiT
daekmayofilebina.
261
magram siyvarulis es oqros xana, rodesac sakuTari grZ-
nobebiT vtkbebiT da bednierebas Cvensave gancdebSi vpoulobT,
262
sarazinisTvis didxans ar gagrZelebula. 263Semdgom ganviTa-
rebuli movlenebi misTvis moulodneli aRmoCnda, 264radgan jer
kidev im Wabukuri halucinaciis xiblSi imyofeboda, romelic
erTdroulad gulubryviloc iyo da sasiamovnoc. 265erTi kvi-
ris ganmavlobaSi mTeli cxovreba gaiara: dilaobiT Tixas zel-
da 266da, miuxedavad imisa, rom vualebi, kabebi, korsetebi, baf-
Tebi, zambinelas tans ufaravda, mainc cdilobda zambinelas
sxeulis asli gamoeZerwa; 267saRamos ki Tavis loJaSi adrianad
mokalaTdeboda, savarZelze marto wamowveboda da opiumiT mT-
vrali TurqiviT iseTi savse da uxvi bednierebiT tkbeboda, ro-
goric SeiZleba mxolod inatro. 268jer is TandaTan gauSinaur-
da im cxovel emociebs, romlebsac mas Tavisi gulismpyrobeli
aRuZravda, 269Semdeg ki iswavla, Tvalebi mSvidad miepyro misT-
vis da 270aRar eWvrita ugono mgznebarebiT, ramac gacnobis pir-
vel dReebSi mxecad aqcia. misi vneba ufro Rrma da mSvidi gaxda:
271
sakuTar TavSi Caketili moqandake ar uSvebda, rom megobrebs,
misi warmosaxvebTan dakavSirebuli, ocnebebiTa da imedebiT
Semkuli, bednierebiT savse martooba daerRviaT. 272mas ise Zlie-
rad da miamitad uyvarda, rom eZaleboda ubiwo eWvebi, romlebic
pirveli siyvarulisas gvipyrobs xolme 273da ukve imaze fiqric
ki daiwyo, rom movida moqmedebis, xrikebis, imis codnis dro, Tu
sad cxovrobda zambinela, hyavda Tu ara deda, biZa, meurve, oja-
xi, mis naxvasa da masTan saubarze ocnebobda. sarazinis guli am
Tamami azrebiT ise Zlierad ikumSeboda, rom maTi ganxorciele-
ba meore dRisTvis gadahqonda 274da sakuTari fizikuri tanjviT
iseve tkbeboda, rogorc gonebiT gancdili siamovnebiT.
– 275magram, _ Semawyvetina qalbatonma roSfidma, _ jer kidev
ver vxedav marianinas da mis Cia moxucs.
247
_ Tqven mis garda veravis xedavT! _ wamoviyvire moTminebi-
dan gamosuli avtoriviT, romelsac warmatebuli scenis efeqts
urRveven.
_ 276ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi, _ ganvagrZe pauzis Sem-
deg, _ sarazini ise erTgulad midioda da moikalaTebda xolme
Tavis loJaSi, misi mzera iseT siyvaruls gamoxatavda, 277rom am
adamianis vnebas zambinelas xmis mimarT mTeli parizi Seityob-
da, es ambavi aq rom momxdariyo; 278magram italiaSi, qalbatono,
speqtaklze misulebs TavianTi angariSi, TavianTi vneba, Tavian-
Ti gulis interesi aqvT, rac sxvebis WogritiT Tvalierebas ga-
moricxavs. 279Tumca moqandakis sigiJe operis momRerlebs mxed-
velobidan didxans ver gamoeparebodaT. 280erT saRamos frangma
SeamCnia, rom kulisebSi masze icinodnen. 281Znelia iTqvas, ras Ca-
idenda igi, 282scenaze zambinela rom ar gamosuliyo. man sarazins
mravlismetyveli mzera miapyro. 283qalis gamoxedva xSirad imaze
mets ambobs, vidre mas surs. 284es gamoxedva moqandakisTvis namd-
vili gamocxadeba iyo. sarazini uyvardaT! `Tu es mxolod axire-
baa, _ fiqrobda is, da ukve mzad iyo, Tavisi satrfo gadaWarbe-
bul mgznebarebaSi daedanaSaulebina, _ TviTonac ar uwyis, ra
emuqreba. imedia, es axireba mTeli cxovreba gamyveba!” 285am dros
sarazinis yuradReba loJis karze samgzis msubuqma dakakunebam
miipyro. 286man kari gaaRo.
287
loJaSi moxuci qali Seipara, romelsac idumali gamomet-
yveleba hqonda.
_ 288axalgazrdav, _ Tqva man, _ Tu gsurT, bednieri iyoT,
windaxeduleba gamoiCineT, sawvimari moisxiT, Tvalebze ganieri
qudi CamoifareT da saRamos 10 saaTisTvis korsos quCaze, sa-
stumro èspaneTis~ win damelodeT.
_ 289moval, _ upasuxa man 290da duenias damWknar xelebSi 2
luidori Caudo.
291
sarazini loJidan mas Semdeg gavarda, 292rac zambinelasgan
niSani miiRo. qalma vnebiani quTuToebi morcxvad daxara, Ti-
Tqos gauxarda, rom mas gauges. 293moqandake Sinisken gamalebiT
garboda, raTa SeerCia Cacmuloba, romelic gamorCeul momxibv-
lelobas SesZenda.
294
Teatridan gamosvlisas 295erTma ucnobma mas mxarze xeli
mohkida, SeaCera da yurSi CasCurCula:
_ Tavs gaufrTxildiT, batono frango, saqme sikvdil-sicocx-
les exeba. kardinali Cikoniara misi mfarvelia da nu exumrebiT.
248
296
im wuTSi sarazinsa da zambinelas Soris eSmaks jojoxeTis
ufskrulic rom gaexsna, sarazini mas albaT erTi naxtomiT gada-
laxavda. moqandakis siyvaruli, homerosis mier aRwerili ukvda-
vi RmerTebis raSebis msgavsad, Tvalis daxamxamebaSi gadakveTda
ganuzomel sivrceebs.
_ 297saxlidan gasvlisTanave sikvdilic rom melodes, kidev
ufro viCqarebdi, _ upasuxa man.
_ 298Poverino!* _ iyvira ucnobma da gauCinarda.
299
SeyvarebulisTvis safrTxe xom Svebaa? 300sarazinis mosamsa-
xures arasdros unaxavs, rom mis batons Semosvaze ase ezrunos.
301
buSardonis naCuqari saukeTeso xmali, klotildas naboZebi
yelsaxvevi, oqrosferi ZafiT naqargi kamzoli, vercxlis ZafiT
naqsovi Jileti, oqros saTuTune, Zvirfasi saaTi, _ yvelaferi
gamozida skivridan 302da gamoewyo im qaliSviliviT, romelmac
Tavis pirvel siyvaruls win unda Cauaros. 303siyvaruliTa da ime-
diT mTvrali sarazini daTqmul dros 304labadaSi cxvirCargu-
li garboda Sexvedraze, romelic moxucma dauniSna. duenia
elodeboda.
_ daagvianeT! _ uTxra man. _ 305wamomyeviT!
igi frangs sxvadasxva viwro quCis gavliT miuZRveboda 306da
erTi sakmaod lamazi sasaxlis win gaCerda. 307dueniam daakakuna
308
da maT winaSe kari gaiRo. 309Semdeg sarazini kibeebis labirin-
TiT waiyvana, mTvariT sustad ganaTebuli SuSabandebi da oTa-
xebi gaatara. bolos kars miadgnen. 310WuWrutanebidan mkveTri
sinaTle da mxiaruli, xmamaRali laparaki gamodioda.
311
sarazini TiTqos dabrmavda, roca moxucis sityvaze am sai-
dumlo oTaxSi SeuSves da uecrad gaCaxCaxebul, mdidrulad
morTul darbazSi aRmoCnda, romlis SuagulSic wmidaTawmida
boTlebiTa da laliviT moelvare, waxnagebiani, macdunebeli
surebiT damZimebuli sufra iyo gaSlili. 312man icno Teatris
momRerlebi, 313romelTa Soris ramdenime momxibvleli qalic
SeniSna. yvelani mzad iyvnen Rreobis dasawyebad, radgan mis gar-
da aRaravis elodnen. 314sarazinma moZalebuli wyena CaixSo 315da
Tavi mtkiced daiWira.
316
moqandakes imedi hqonda, rom daxvdeboda mcired ganaTe-
buli oTaxi, satrfo _ anTebul buxarTan, iqve, or nabijze mima-
* ital. sabralo!
249
luli vinme eWviani metoqe, sikvdili da siyvaruli, erTmaneTi-
sTvis CurCuliT gulis gadaSla, saxifaTo kocna, erTmaneTTan
ise axlos mitanili saxeebi, rom zambinelas Tmebi mis surviliT
savse da bednierebisgan gaxurebul Subls Sexeboda.
_ 317molxenas gaumarjos! _ iyvira man. _ Signori e belle donne*,
neba miboZeT, mogvianebiT mec migiwvioT da Cemi madliereba ga-
movxato im daxvedrisTvis, romelic sabralo moqandakisTvis ga-
marTeT. 318mas Semdeg, rac iq myofi, garegnulad nacnobi adamia-
nebisgan, sakmaod Tbili misalmeba miiRo, 319scada, ganier, Rrma
savarZels miaxloeboda, 320romelzec zantad miwolili zambine-
la eloda. 321oh, rogor feTqavda sarazinis guli, roca man Tva-
li mokra mis patara fexebs, romelzec Ria fexsacmelebi ecva da,
romlebic, neba miboZeT, vTqva, qalbatono, odesRac qalis fexs
iseT sikekluces aniWebda, iseT mgrZnobiares xdida, rom war-
moudgenelia, mis mimarT mamakaci gulgrili darCeniliyo. kar-
gad Semotmasnili mwvaneisrebiani TeTri windebi, mokle kabebi,
maRalqusliani, cxvirwawvetebuli fexsacmelebi ludoviko XV
mefobis xanaSi, albaT, cotaTi mainc uwyobda xels evropisa da
samRvdeloebis demoralizacias.
_ cotaTi? _ ikiTxa markizam, _ ese igi, Tqven araferi
wagikiTxavT!
_ 322zambinelas _ RimiliT ganvagrZe _ fexi fexze urcxvad
gadaedo da ancad arxevda. es iyo hercoginiebisTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli Wirveuli, magram macdunebeli sinaziT savse poza. 323man
Teatraluri Sesamoseli gaixada da korsaJi gamouCnda, romelic
mis werwet tans gamokveTda, xolo xabarda da cisferi yvavilebiT
moqarguliA atlasis kaba mis mSvenier aRnagobas kidev ufro war-
moaCenda. 324momRerlis mkerdis silamaze metismeti sikekluciT
imaleboda maqmanebs miRma da damabrmavebeli siTeTriT elvareb-
da; 325daaxloebiT qalbaton diubariviT iyo davarcxnili; misi
saxe farTo Tavsaburavis qveS ufro natifi Canda, pudric Zalian
uxdeboda. 326aseTi mSvenieri momRerlis xilva misi gaRmerTebis
tolfasi iyo. 327man moqandakes macduneblad Sescina. 328sarazini,
romelic ukmayofilo iyo imiT, rom zambinelasTan mowmeebis ga-
reSe saubris saSualeba ar mieca, 329mis maxloblad Tavazianad da-
jda da saubari musikaze gauba, Tan xotbas asxamda mis talants,
330
magram siyvarulis, SiSisa da imedisgan xma uTrToda.
* ital. batonebo da mSveniero qalbatonebo!
250
_ 331risi geSiniaT? _ hkiTxa mas vitalianim, dasis yvelaze
cnobilma momReralma, _ damSviddiT! Tqven aq erTi metoqec
ki ar gyavT! _ tenorma es Tqva da gaiRima. bageebze igive Rimi-
li aesaxaT Tanameinaxeebsac, 332romlebic eSmakurad cdilobd-
nen, rom Seyvarebuli verafers mimxvdariyo. 333Tavisi saidumlo
siyvarulis gamJRavneba xanjaliviT moulodnelad eZgera sa-
razinis guls. Tumca mas, Tavisi Zlieri xasiaTidan gamomdinare,
swamda, rom mis grZnobaze gavlenas veraferi moaxdenda. 334mo-
qandakes SeiZleba erTxelac ar ufiqria, rom zambinela TiTqmis
kurtizani iyo 335da verasodes SeZlebda, erTdroulad damtk-
bariyo im wminda netarebiTac, axalgazrda qalis saamo siyvaru-
li rom ganiWebs da im cecxlovani vnebiTac, Teatris msaxiobi
qa-lis siyvarulisTvis rom unda gaiRo. 336is Cafiqrda da beds
damorCilda.
337
vaxSami Semoitanes. 338sarazini da zambinela, zedmeti cere-
monialis gareSe, gverdigverd dasxdnen. 339Sua nadimamde msaxio-
bebi zomierebas iCendnen 340da moqandakes momReralTan saubari
SeeZlo. 341is mixvda, rom zambinela Wkviani da daxvewili, 342Tumca
gansacvifreblad umecari, 343susti nebisyofisa da crumorwmu-
ne iyo. 344misi agebulebis simyife erTgvarad mis msoflxedvazec
irekleboda. 345roca vitalianim pirveli Sampanuris boTli gax-
sna, 346sacobis amovardniT gamowveuli xmauris gamo, sarazinma
Tavisi mezoblis TvalebSi cxoveli SiSi amoikiTxa. 347misi qaluri
agebulebis es uneburi krToma Seyvarebulma xelovanma gadaWar-
bebul mgrZnobelobas miawera. am sisustem frangi moxibla. 348ma-
makacis siyvaruli yovelTvis gulisxmobs qalis mfarvelobis
survils! àmieridan SegiZliaT Cemi Zalis imedi gqondeT da mas
fariviT amoefaroT!~ _ es fraza xom siyvarulis yovel ganac-
xads fonad gasdevs? 349sarazini Zalian mondomebuli iyo, rom Ta-
visi lamazi italieli qaTinaurebiT Seemko, magram ise iqceoda,
rogorc yvela Seyvarebuli _ xan seriozuli iyo, xan mxiaruli,
xanac _ daZabuli. 350erTi SexedviT, ise Canda, TiTqos iq myof-
Ta saubars guldasmiT usmenda, magram arc erTi warmoTqmuli
sityva ar esmoda, imdenad did siamovnebas aniWebda mis gverdiT
yofna, misi xelis Sexeba, mis mimarT yuradRebis gamoCena. is idu-
mali siyvaruliT iyo savse. 351mravlismetyvel mzeraTa gacvlis
miuxedavad, 352moqandake gaaoca im TavSekavebam, rasac zambinela
251
mis mimarT iCenda. 353Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom pirvelma man dai-
wyo sarazinisTvis fexis msubuqad dabijeba da Tavisufali da
Seyvarebuli qalisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xrikebiT gaRizianeba;
354
magram roca sarazinma saubarSi sakuTari cxovrebidan erTi
epizodi axsena, rac mis TavSeukaveblobaze miuTiTebda, 355is ue-
crad qalwulebrivi mokrZalebulobiT Seimosa.
356
roca vaxSami RreobaSi gadaizarda, 357malagiTa da SeriT
SezarxoSebulebma sazogadoebam simRera wamoiwyo. isini mSve-
nier duetebs, kalabriul simRerebs, espanur segidiliebs, nea-
politanur kanconetebs asrulebdnen. 358simTvrale iRvreboda
iq myofTa Tvalebidan, ismoda musikaSi, gulebSi, xmaSi. uecrad
sicocxliT savse mxiarulebam, moWarbebulma gulwrfelobam
da italiurma sixalasem amoxeTqa, 359romlis Sesaxeb warmodge-
nac ki ar aqvT maT, vinc mxolod parizul wveulebebs, londo-
nur mejlisebsa Tu veneciuri maRali wris saRamoebs icnobs.
360
xumroba da sasiyvarulo sityvebi erTmaneTs ereoda, rogorc
tyviebi omis dros da es yvelaferi sicilSi, mkrexelur gamona-
TqvamebSi, wminda qalwulisa Tu al Bambino*-s mimarT aRvlenil sa-
galoblebSi ikargeboda. 361viRacas taxtze wamowolils daeZina.
362
axalgazrda qali siyvarulis axsnas ismenda da verc ki amCnev-
da, xeresis Rvino xaliCaze rogor eRvreboda. 363am areulobaSi
364
mxolod Cafiqrebuli zambinela ijda TavzardacemuliviT. man
sasmelze uari Tqva, 365samagierod, mgoni zomaze meti Wama; magram
gurmanoba, rogorc amboben, mimzidvelobasac ki hmatebs mandi-
losans. 366Tavisi satrfos sibrZniT aRfrTovanebuli 367sarazini
seriozulad dafiqrda momavalze. `mas unda, rom Cemze daqor-
windes~, _ eubneboda sakuTar Tavs da am qorwinebaze ocnebebiT
ivseboda. egona, rom mTeli cxovreba ver amowuravda im bednie-
rebas, romelic misi sulis siRrmeSi imaleboda. 368misi Tanamei-
naxe vitaliani ki ise xSirad usxamda sasmels, rom dilis sami
saaTisTvis, sarazinma, 369jer kidev arcTu ise mTvralma, haluci-
naciebTan gamklavebis Zala dakarga. 370siSmagis Semotevisas, man
qali gaitaca 371da im patara buduarSi Seiyvana, romelic darbazs
kariT ukavSirdeboda 372da romelzec manamdec araerTxel SeaCe-
ra mzera. 373italieli qali xanjliT iyo SeiaraRebuli.
* ital. yrma ieso
252
_ Tu momiaxlovdebi, _ uTxra man, _ iZulebuli gavxdebi, xan-
jali Cagce mkerdSi! 374wadi! vici, rom mainc SemizizReb; imden pa-
tivs gcem, rom aq ar dagnebde. ar minda, Seni grZnoba Seuracxvyo.
_ 375ah! _ wamoiyvira sarazinma, _ cudi saSualeba gamoZebne
im vnebis cecxlis Casaqrobad, romelsac ganzrax aRviveb. 376nu-
Tu imdenad garyvnili xar, rom axalgazrda, magram ukve gul-
gamomSrali kurtizaniviT moiqcevi, romelic metis gamorCenis
mizniT, mamakacis grZnobebze TamaSobs?
_ 377ki magram, dRes xom paraskevia, _ upasuxa man, 378frangis
TavSeukaveblobiT SeSinebulma.
379
sarazins, romelic RvTismosavi ar yofila, am sityvebma si-
cili mohgvara. 380zambinela SveliviT Sexta 381da sadResaswaulo
darbazSi gavarda. 382dadevnebul sarazins 383saSineli siciliT
Seegebnen. 384man dainaxa savarZelze misvenebuli zambinela, ro-
melic axlaxans gancdili daZabulobis gamo ferdakarguli da
Ronemixdili iyo.
385
sarazins italiuri cudad esmoda, magram 386mainc gaigo, misi
satrfo rogor eCurCuleboda vitalianis:
_ SeiZleba momklas!
387
am ucnaurma scenam moqandake sruliad daabnia. gons moego;
Tavidan uZravad idga; Semdeg sityvebi moZebna, satrfos miujda
da arwmunebda, rom mas did pativs scemda. bolos vnebis Sekave-
bac moaxerxa da qals mgznebare sityvebiT mimarTa; imis gamosa-
xatavad, Tu rogor uyvarda, fexqveS daufina 388Tavisi magiuri
mWevrmetyvelebis mTeli simdidre, 389romelSic qalebs iSviaTad
SeaqvT eWvi.
390
dilis pirveli sxivebis gamoCenisTanave, erTma qalma Tana-
meinaxeebs moulodnelad fraskatiSi wasvla SesTavaza. 391yvela
sixarulis yiJiniT miesalma ludovizis vilaSi dRis gatarebis
ideas. 392vitaliani etlebis dasaqiraveblad wavida. 393sarazins
zambinelas faetoniT wayvana xvda wilad. 394ukve romidan gadiod-
nen, roca boboqari Ramis gamo droebiT CaxSobilma mxiarulebam
isev ifeTqa. es adamianebi _ mamakacebi da qalebi, rogorc Cans,
miCveuli iyvnen am ucnaur, usasrulo siamovnebiT aRsavse cxo-
vrebasa da vnebebis monobas, rac maT yofas erT dausrulebel
dResaswaulad, uzrunvel mxiarulebad gardaqmnida. 395mxolod
sarazinis Tanamgzavri Canda Ronemixdili.
253
_ avad xarT? _ hkiTxa sarazinma, _ Sin dabruneba xom ar
gsurT?
_ arc imdenad Zlieri var, rom amden TavaSvebulobas ga-
vuZlo, _ upasuxa man, _ Tavi unda davzogo. 396Tumca Tqven gver-
diT Tavs kargad vgrZnob! Tqven rom ara, am vaxSamze arc davrCe-
bodi. 397uZilo Ramis gamo mxneoba sruliad davkarge.
_ rogori saTuTi xarT! _ ganagrZo am momxibvleli qmnile-
bis nazi nakvTebiT aRfrTovanebulma sarazinma.
_ Rreobebi xmas mizianebs.
_ 398axla, roca marto varT, _ wamoiZaxa xelovanma, _ da Cemi
moZalebuli vnebis ar unda geSinodeT, miTxariT, rom giyvarvarT! L
_ 399ratom? _ upasuxa man, _ risTvis? _ 400lamazi geCvene-
biT, magram Tqven frangi xarT da Tqveni grZnobebi male gaxunde-
ba. 401ara! Tqven ise ar geyvarebiT, rogorc me minda.
_ miTxariT, rogor gindaT!
_ uxamsi miznebis, vnebebis gareSe, wmindad. 402albaT mamakaci
ufro metad mZuls, vidre qali. 403megobroba mWirdeba... 404sa-
myaro udabnoa CemTvis. me dawyevlili qmnileba var, imisTvis
ganwiruli, rom bednierebis arsi mesmodes, SevigrZnobde, msur-
des da iZulebuli var, vuyurebde, Tu rogor misxlteba igi xe-
lidan nebismier wuTs, iseve rogorc bevri sxva ram. 405gaxsovdeT,
batono, me Tqven ar mogatyuebT. 406gikrZalavT Cems siyvaruls!
407
mxolod Tqveni erTguli megobari SemiZlia viyo, radgan moxi-
bluli var Tqveni ZaliTa da xasiaTiT. me Zma, damcveli mWirdeba.
iyaviT Cemi Zma 408da sxva araferi.
_ 409ar miyvardeT? _ Sehyvira sarazinma, _ ki magram, Cemo Zvir-
faso angelozo, Sen xom Cemi cxovreba xar, Cemi bedniereba!
_410sakmarisia erTi sityva giTxraT, rom zizRiT mkravT
xels.
_ 411kekluco! 412veraferi SemaSinebs.
_ 413miTxari, rom Cemi momavali Sen iqnebi, rom or TveSi mo-
vkvdebi, rom Seni kocnisTvis daviwyevlebi _ 414da akoca, 415zam-
binelas Zalisxmevis miuxedavad, rom es vnebiani kocna Tavidan
aecilebina.
_ 416miTxari, rom demoni xar, rom Cemi qoneba, Cemi saxeli,
mTeli Cemi dideba gWirdeba! ginda aRarasodes aRarafers gamo-
vaqandakeb? miTxari!
254
_ 417da qali rom ar aRmovCnde? _ 418rbili, vercxlis JRera-
dobis xmiT, morcxvad hkiTxa zambinelam.
_ 419ra kargi xumrobaa! _ Sehyvira sarazinma, _ nuTu ggo-
nia, rom xelovanis Tvals moatyueb? 420gana aTi dRis ganmavlo-
baSi tyuilad gWamdi TvalebiT, daJinebiT gakvirdebodi da Seni
srulqmnilebiT vixiblebodi? 421mxolod qals SeiZleba hqondes
aseTi mrgvali da nazi mxrebi, aseTi moxdenili aRnagoba. 422aha!
ese igi, komplimentebi ginda?
_ 423sabediswero silamaze! _ naRvliani RimiliT waiCurCu-
la zambinelam da Tvalebi zecisken aapyro. 424im wams mis mzeraSi
iseTma mtanjvelma, mgznebare sasowarkveTam gaielva, rom sara-
zini SekrTa.
_ 425batono frango, _ wamoiwyo kvlav zambinelam, _ samuda-
mod daiviwyeT es wuTieri sigiJe. 426me did pativs gcemT, 427magram
siyvaruls nu mTxovT; es grZnoba ukve didi xania CaxSobilia Cems
gulSi. me ar maqvs guli! _ wamoiyvira acremlebulma. _ scena,
romelzec mnaxeT, is aplodismentebi, musika, dideba _ gana-
Cenia, romelic gamomitanes; ai, Cemi cxovreba, sxva ar gamaCnia!
428
ramdenime saaTSi Tqven sxvagvari TvaliT SemomxedavT, qali,
romelic giyvardaT, aRar iarsebebs.
429
moqandakem araferi upasuxa. 430is erTianad Seepyro yru siS-
mages, romelic guls uwuravda da anTebuli TvalebiT ucqerda
am ucnaur qals. mwuxarebiT, melanqoliiTa da sasowarkveTi-
lebiT gamsWvaluli zambinelas susti xma, misi qcevebi, mane-
rebi, Jestebi, moqandakes sulSi boboqar vnebas uRviZebda, misi
TiToeuli sityva ki kidev ufro aRagznebda. 431am wuTebSi maT
miaRwies kidec fraskatis. 432roca xelovanma Tavis satrfos et-
lidan Camosasvlelad xeli SeaSvela, 433igrZno, rom zambinela
erTianad kankalebda.
_ ra gWirT? _ SesZaxa man ferdakarguli zambinelas danaxvi-
sas, _ mirCevnia movkvde, Tuki Tqveni tanjvis uneblie mizezad
viqeci.
_ gveli! _ waiCurCula zambinelam da miuTiTa ankaraze, ro-
melic Txrilis gaswvriv misrialebda, am sazizRari qvewarma-
vlebis meSinia.
sarazinma ankaras Tavi quslis dartymiT gausrisa.
_ 434ra gabeduli xarT! _ SesZaxa mkvdari qvewarmavlis xil-
viT aSkarad SeSinebulma zambinelam.
255
_ 435aba, _ Tqva mxatvarma RimiliT, _ nuTu isev gabedavT da
imis mtkicebas mohyvebiT, rom qali ar xarT?
436
isini Tanamgzavrebs SeuerTdnen da ludovizis vilas tyeSi
gaiseirnes, romelic im dros kardinal Cikoniaras ekuTvnoda.
437
dila Seyvarebuli moqandakisTvis Cqara miilia, 438magram is
aRsavse iyo aTasgvari wvrilmani detaliT, romelic am susti
da saTuTi bunebis mqone adamianis keklucobas, umweobasa da ko-
pwiaobas warmoaCenda. 439is iyo qali, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ana-
zdeuli SiSiT, umizezo axirebebiT, instinqturi aRtkinebebiT,
moulodneli siTamamiT, kvexniTa da grZnobaTa momxibvleli
sinatifiT. 440uecrad mindorSi moseirne mxiaruli momRerlebis
mcire jgufma, romelic Sors wasuliyo, kbilebamde SeiaraRebu-
li ramdenime kaci dainaxa, romelTa aRkazmuloba eWvs iwvevda.
«avazakebi!» _ wamoiZaxa viRacam da yvelam nabijs auCqara, raTa
Tavi kardinalis sasaxlis galavnisTvis SeefarebinaT. am gadam-
wyvet wuTs sarazinma dainaxa, rom ferwasul zambinelas fexis
gadadgmis Zalac ki aRar hqonda. xelSi aiyvana, gulSi Caixuta da
gaiqca. roca uaxloes talaveramde miaRwia, satrfo miwaze Ca-
mosva.
_ 441amixseniT, _ uTxra sarazinma, _ es gadaWarbebuli si-
suste, romelic nebismier sxva qalSi sazizRrobad, Semawuxe-
blad momeCveneboda da misi sul mcire gamovlinebac ki sakmarisi
iqneboda, rom Cemi misdami siyvaruli Camqraliyo, TqvenSi ratom
momwons, ratom majadoebs? _ 442oh! rogor miyvarxarT! _ Ses-
Zaxa, _ yvela Tqveni naklovaneba, SiSi, gulubryviloba, mSvenie-
rebas hmatebs Tqvens suls. 443vgrZnob, rom SeviZulebdi safos
msgavs Zlier, gabedul, energiiT, vnebiT savse qals. 444oh, susto
da tkbilo qmnilebav! rogor SeiZleboda sxvagvari yofiliya-
viT? 445ra arabunebrivi iqneboda es angelozis xma, es nazi xma rom
sxva sxeulidan amosuliyo.
_ 446imeds ver mogcemT, ar SemiZlia, _ uTxra momReralma. _
447
Tan ase nu melaparakebiT, 448Torem dagcineben. 449TeatrSi sia-
ruls ver agikrZalavT, magram Tu giyvarvarT an goniereba Semo-
grCeniaT, iq aRar moxvideT; 450damijereT, batono! _ uTxra man
seriozuli xmiT.
_ 451ah! gaCumdi, _ wamoiyvira gabruebulma xelovanma, 452dab-
rkolebebi Cems gulSi siyvaruls kidev ufro aRvivebs.
256
453
zambinela moxdenil da mokrZalebul pozaSi gaiyina. dumda,
TiTqos winaswar grZnobda raRac ubedurebas da amaze fiqrobda.
454
roca romSi dabrunebis dro dadga, oTxadgilian samgzavro ka-
retaSi avida, moqandakes ki mkacrad ubrZana, etliT marto da-
brunebuliyo. 455gzad sarazinma mtkiced gadawyvita, zambinela
moetacebina. mTeli dRe erTmaneTze uazro gegmebis Camoyalibe-
biT iyo dakavebuli. 456SeRamebisas, roca ukve saxlidan gadioda,
raTa rogorme miekvlia sasaxlisTvis, romelSic zambinela cxo-
vrobda, 457karis zRurblTan megobars SeefeTa.
_ Cemo Zvirfaso, _ uTxra am ukanasknelma, _ Cvenma elCma
gamomgzavna, raTa am saRamos TavisTan migiwvios. SesaniSnav kon-
certs awyobs 458da roca gaigeb, rom iq zambinela iqneba...
_ 459zambinela! _ aRmoxda sarazins da am saxelis xsenebamac
ki wonasworoba daakargvina, _ vgiJdebi masze!
_ sxvebsac ase emarTebaT! _ upasuxa megobarma.
_ 460Tu Cemi megobrebi xarT, mejlisis Semdeg _ Sen, vieni,
loterburgi da alegreni _ erT saqmeSi unda damexmaroT.
_ kardinalis mkvlelobaSi xom ar mogviwevs monawileoba?
_ ara, ara, _ uTxra sarazinma, _ iseTs arafers gTxovT, ra-
sac patiosani kaci ver gaakeTebs.
461
Cafiqrebuli gegmis gansaxorcieleblad moqandakem Zalian
mcire droSi moamzada yvelaferi. 462is elCTan erT-erTi bolo
gamocxadda, 463magram, samagierod, sagzao etliT, romelSic Ro-
nieri cxenebi iyo Sebmuli da mas romis erT-erTi yvelaze Tav-
zexelaRebuli veturini marTavda. 464saelCos sasaxle xalxiT
iyo savse. 465moqandake ver icnes da amitom im darbazamde miRweva
gauWirda, romelSic zambinela mReroda.
_ 466albaT aq damswre kardinalebis, episkoposebisa da abate-
bis pativsacemad Seimosa is (elle*) mamakacis samosliT, daxveuli
kululebi ukan nawnavad daimagra da gverdze daSna daikida _
mimarTa sarazinma gverdiT mjdoms.
_ 467is! (elle) vin is (elle)? _ hkiTxa moxucma, romelsac sarazin-
ma saubari gauba.
_ (La**) zambinela!
* Elle _ mdedrobiTi sqesis gamomxatveli mesame piris nacvalsaxeli.

** La
�� _ mdedrobiTi sqesis gamomxatveli artikli.
257
_ (La) zambinela! _ wamoiZaxa romaelma Tavadma. _ xumro-
bT? 468mTvaridan CamoxvediT Tu ra? 469rodis iyo, rom romis Te-
atris scenaze qalebi gamodiodnen? nuTu ar iciT, vin asrulebs
qalis rolebs romis papis samflobeloSi? 470es me var, Cemo ba-
tono, vinc zambinelas Tavisi xma uboZa! yvelaferi gadavixade
am cuRlutisTvis, misi simReris maswavleblisTvisac ki. magram
warmoidgineT, imdenad umaduri aRmoCnda, rom Cems saxlSi fexi
erTxelac ar Semoudgams. 471da kidev, Tu gamdidrdeba, me unda mi-
madlodes.
472
baton kijis kidev didxans SeeZlo elaparaka, magram sara-
zini aRar usmenda, saSinelma simarTlem sulierad SeZra. mexi
daeca. adgilze gaqvavda 473da egreT wodebul momReral kacs
miaSterda. 474moqandakis aelvarebul mzeras, rogorc Cans, an-
damanturi zemoqmedeba hqonda, 475vinaidan musikosma uneburad
gamoxeda 476da zeciuri xma auTrTolda. 477mis bageebs mijaWvul
sazogadoebas uneburma CurCulma gadauara, ramac igi kidev
ufro Seacbuna. 478skamze Camojda da simRera Sewyvita. 479kardi-
nalma Cikoniaram, romelmac Tavisi proteJes mzeras Tvali al-
macerad gaayola, frangi dainaxa. 480saeklesio saqmeebSi Tavisi
erT-erTi damxmarisken gadaixara da moqandakis saxeli hkiTxa.
481
roca saWiro pasuxi miiRo, 482xelovani yuradRebiT SeaTva-
liera. 483Semdeg Tanmxleb abats raRac ubrZana, ris Semdegac
es ukanaskneli saswrafod gauCinarda. 484amasobaSi zambinela
gons moego da 485simRera ganagrZo, 486romelic man TviTneburad
Sewyvita; 487Tumca cudad Seasrula 488da mravali Txovnis miuxe-
davad, gadaWriT ganacxada uari, kidev rame emRera. 489es uari Ta-
vneba tiraniis pirveli ganacxadi iyo, ramac mogvianebiT niWze
aranakleb Seuwyo xeli didebisken mis svlas. 490imasac amboben,
rom Tavis uzarmazar qonebas is garegnul mSvenierebas ufro
unda umadlodes, vidre sakuTar xmas.
_ 491es qalia, _ warmoTqva sarazinma, romelsac egona, rom
marto iyo, _ aq raRac saidumlo intriga imaleba. kardinali
Cikoniara papsa da mTel roms atyuebs!
492
moqandakem darbazi saswrafod datova, 493Tavisi megobrebi
Sekriba 494da sasaxlis ezoSi damala. 495zambinela sarazinis was-
vlam gaaoca da TiTqos daamSvida. 496SuaRamisken iseTi Cqari na-
bijebiT gaiara sasaxlis darbazebi, TiTqos Casafrebul mters
eZebda 497da iqauroba datova. 498sasaxlis zRurblis gadalaxvis-
258
Tanave moxerxebulad Seipyres viRac kacebma, romlebmac pirSi
cxvirsaxoci CaCares da sarazinis mier daqiravebul karetaSi
Casves. 499SiSiT Sepyrobili zambinela ekipaJis kuTxeSi miiyuJa
da ar inZreoda; am dros Tavis win samariseburi siCumiT moculi
moqandake dainaxa. 500bevri ar uvliaT. 501male sarazinis mier mo-
tacebulma zambinelam mxatvris bnel da TiTqmis cariel saxe-
losnoSi amoyo Tavi. 502SiSisgan cocxal-mkvdari momRerali
skamze miesvena 503da verc ki bedavda, mis winaSe mdgari qalis qan-
dakebisTvis Seexeda, romelSic sakuTari nakvTebi ecnaureboda.
504
sityvac ar warmouTqvams, magram kbilebi ukawkawebda. SiSs
erTianad Seepyro. 505sarazini oTaxSi bolTas scemda. moulod-
nelad zambinelas win SeCerda.
_ MsimarTle miTxari, _ 506yru da minavlebuli xmiT warmo-
Tqva, _ 507Sen qali xar? 508kardinali Cikoniara...
509
muxlebze dacemulma zambinelam pasuxis nacvlad Tavi
daxara.
_ 510o, diax, qali xar _ SesZaxa mxatvarma gaSmagebiT, vinaidan
isic ki... _ da sityva aRar dausrulebia.
_ ara! _ wamoiwyo isev _ ara! is ase ar daecemoda.
_ 511 oh, nu momklavT! _ SesZaxa aqviTinebulma momReralma.
512
Tqvens motyuebaze mxolod imitom davTanxmdi, rom megobre-
bis guli momego, romelTac garToba surdaT.
_ 513garToba! _ jojoxeTuri xmiT aRmoxda moqandakes, _
garToba? da Sen gabede, kacis grZnobebze geTamaSa?
_ 514o, SemiwyaleT! _ SesTxova zambinelam.
_ 515wesiT, unda momekali! _ da gamZvinvarebulma sarazinma
xmali iSiSvla, _ 516magram _ civad ganagrZo _ 517Seni sxeuli am
basri maxviliTac rom ganmegmira, nuTu vpovebdi masSi raime iseT
grZnobas, romelic SurisZiebis wyurvils damiamebda? Sen arara
xar! qali rom yofiliyavi an mamakaci, mogklavdi! 518magram... _
zizRis gamomxatveli JestiT ganagrZo sarazinma, 519ramac aiZu-
la Tavi moebrunebina da am dros qandakeba dainaxa.
_ 520es xom iluziaa! _ wamoiZaxa man.
512
Semdeg zambinelas miubrunda da ganagrZo: qalis guls
SeeZlo CemTvis TavSesafrad, samSoblod qceuliyo. debi xom ar
gyavs, Sen rom ggavdes? ara?
_ 522maS, mokvdi! 523magram ara, sjobs icocxlo! SenTvis sico-
cxle xom sikvdilze uaresia? 524me arc sakuTari sisxli menaneba,
259
arc cxovreba, magram Cemi momavali da gulSi Cakluli sixaruli
madardebs. Cemi bedniereba Senma sustma xelma Seiwira. 525ra ime-
di unda wargtaco yovelive imisTvis, rac CemSi Cakali? Senamde
damamdable. giyvardes, uyvarde! es sityvebi amieridan CemTvi-
sac iseve uazroa, rogorc SenTvis. 526realuri qalis Semyure,
yovelTvis am warmosaxviT qalze vifiqreb... _ da man imedgacru-
ebis gamomxatveli JestiT qandakebaze miuTiTa. _ 527yovelTvis
memaxsovreba zeciuri harpia, romelic Tavis brWyalebs Caasobs
Cems grZnobebs da yvela qals arasrulqmnilebis beWeds daas-
vams! 528urCxulo! 529Sen, romelic sicocxles verafers mianiWeb,
530
CemTvis samyaro yvela qalisgan gaaukacriele...
531
sarazini SeSinebuli momRerlis pirispir dajda; amomSra-
li Tvalebidan ori msxvili cremli gadmoucurda, mis mamakacur
loyaze grZlad Camogorda da miwaze daewveTa: es sibrazis mwvave
da mwveli cremlebi iyo.
_ 532siyvaruli aRar arsebobs! movkvdi yovelgvari siamovne-
bisTvis, adamianuri grZnobebisTvis!
533
am sityvebiT man xeli waavlo CaquCs da qandakebas iseTi ar-
naxuli ZaliT esrola, 534rom aacila; Tumca egona, rom Tavisi
giJuri warmosaxvis es Zegli gaanadgura. 535Semdeg xmali aiRo da
momRerals mosaklavad mouqnia. 536zambinelas saSineli yvirili
aRmoxda. 537imwamsve oTaxSi sami mamakaci Semovarda 538da xanjlis
sami dartymiT gangmiruli moqandake iqve daeca.
_ 539es kardinal Cikoniarasgan! _ Tqva erT-erTma maTganma.
_ 540qristianisTvis gaRebuli Rirseuli wyaloba, _ waiCur-
Cula frangma sulis amosvlamde.
541
kardinalis bnelma emisrebma 542zambinelas uambes, rom misi
aRelvebuli mfarveli SesasvlelTan, daxurul etlSi elode-
boda, raTa Tavisi gulis swori gaTavisuflebisTanave waeyvana.
_ 543ki magram, _ miTxra qalbatonma roSfidma, _ ra kavSiri
aqvs am istorias de lantebTan nanax moxucTan?
_ 544qalbatono, kardinalma Cikoniaram zambinelas qandakeba
moqandakis saxelosnodan wamoiRo da brZana, rom is marmarilos-
gan gamoekveTaT. qandakeba axla albanis muzeumSi inaxeba. 545aq is
1791 wels de lantis ojaxma ipova 546da vienis misi aslis Seqmna
sTxova. 547asi wlis moxuci zambinelas naxvidan ramdenime wuTis
Semdeg, Tqven ixileT portreti, romelzec oci wlis zambinela
iyo gamosaxuli. es suraTi mogvianebiT Jirodes «endimionis»
260
STagonebis wyarod iqca. misi nakvTebi adonisSic SegiZliaT
amoicnoT.
_ 548ki magram, zambinela qalia Tu mamakaci?
_ qalbatono, is marianinas didi babuaa, babuamisis Zma. 549axla
ukve xvdebiT, ase saguldagulod ratom malavs Tavisi simdidris
warmomavlobas qalbatoni de lanti, romelic emyareba...
_ 550sakmarisia! _ Semawyvetina mbrZanebluri toniT. ramde-
nime wuTi Rrma mdumarebaSi davyaviT.
_ 551aba! ras ityviT? _ vkiTxe.
_ oh, _ Sehyvira man, fexze wamoxta da oTaxSi didi nabijebiT
siaruls mohyva. Semdeg momiaxlovda da Secvlili xmiT miTxra:
_ 552Tqven me didi xniT gamiCineT zizRi cxovrebisa da vnebis
mimarT. 553urCxulebze romc ar vsaubrobdeT, gana yvela adamia-
nuri grZnoba sabolood sastik imedgacruebamde ar midis? Cven,
dedebs, Svilebi gvxocaven TavianTi saSineli qcevebiTa Tu gul-
grilobiT, colebs qmrebi gvRalatoben, sayvarlebi gviviwyeben,
gvtoveben. megobroba! nuTu arsebobs igi? 554xvalve RvTis morCi-
li gavxdebodi, rom ar SemeZlos cxovrebis qariSxalSi Seuvali
kldesaviT davdge. 555Tuki qristianis momavalic ìluziaa~, is
xom mxolod sikvdilis Semdeg daingreva. _ 556marto damtoveT!
_ ah, _ vuTxari me, _ dasja gcodniaT.
_ 557xom ar vcdebi?
_ diax, cdebiT, _ vupasuxe da gabeduleba movikribe, _ raxan
es istoria mogiyeviT, romelic italiaSi ase cnobilia, aqve Se-
miZlia Tanamedrove civilizaciis progresis mimarT pativisce-
miTac gangawyoT _ axla aseT ubedur arsebebs ukve aRar qmnian.
_ 558parizi, _ Tqva man, _ stumarTmoyvare qalaqia! misi
kari yvelanairi simdidrisTvis Riaa – samarcxvino iqneba igi
Tu sisxlSi amosvrili. TavSesafars aq damnaSavec poulobs da
uRirsic, 559mxolod saTnoebas ar aqvs sakurTxeveli. marTlac,
wminda sulebis samkvidrebeli mxolod zecaa! 560veravin veras-
dros gamigebs! amiT vamayob...
561
da markiza Cafiqrda...
parizi. noemberi. 1830 weli
rolan bartis mier balzakis teqstis muxlebad dayofis gamo,

novelis zogierTi adgili originalis CarCoebSia moqceuli.
261

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rolan barti

Tra­du­it du français par

wigni gamoica franguli institutis sagamomcemlo daxmare-

ti­ra­Ji: 500 eg­zem­p­la­ri

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-

amboben, asketuri cxovrebis wyalobiT zogierTi budis-

mwerluri teqstebis Sesaxeb, albaT, bevri araferi iTqme-

III. konotacia: winaaRmdeg

am zomierad mravalobiTi (anu ubralod: polisemiuri)

IV. da mainc _ konotaciis sasargeblod

konotaciis zemoaRniSnuli kritika nawilobrivaa mar-

me vkiTxulob teqsts _ es gancxadeba, romelic Tan-

Tu gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT teqstis mravlobiTo-

VII. danawevrebuli teqsti

amitomac Cven vanawevrebT teqsts da vinaidan Cve-

VIII. daCexili teqsti

Zalian mniSvnelovania is, rom amgvari danawevreba yo-

IX. ramdengvari wakiTxva SeiZleba?

dabolos, saWiroa SevTanxmdeT kidev erT Tavisuf-

rac Seexeba teqsts, romelic SevarCie (ra mizeziT Sev-

XI. xuTi kodi

SemTxveviTobis wyalobiT (magram aris ki aq SemTxve-

XII. xmaTa qsovili

xuTi kodi qmnis erTgvar qsels, topikas, romelSic

dResaswauli, gareubani, mdidruli kerZo saxli _ gareg-

XIV. antiTeza I: damateba

Tavisi arsebobis aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi ritorikam

Sualeduroba antiTezis ritorikul Tu paradigmul

sakiTxavi teqstis sivrce yovelmxriv SeiZleba Sevada-

silamaze (simaxinjisgan gansxvavebiT) WeSmaritad aux-

XVII. kastraciis veli

erTi SexedviT, sarazini biologiuri sqesebis amomwurav

siuJeturi TvalsazrisiT, arc filipo da arc marianina

XIX. miniSneba, niSani, fuli

Zvelad (gvatyobinebs teqsti) fuli `amxelda~. is niSnis

XX. xmebis gabneva

vin laparakobs? nuTu es mecnierebis xmaa, romelic `pi-

XXI. ironia, parodia

Tavad diskursis mier Ggacxadebuli ironiuli kodi

XXII. Zalian bunebrivi qmedebebi

iTvleba, rom arsebobs uvnebel niadagze amozrdili,

nebismieri mxatvruli aRwera aris garkveuli perspeqti-

XXIV. transformacia, rogorc TamaSi

metaforuli gadatvirTva (wyali, SuSa, wigni) warmoSobs

portretSi ise `dafusfuseben~ azrebi, TiTqos isini viRa-

XXVI. aRsaniSni da WeSmariteba

yvela aRsaniSni, romelic Seadgens portrets, aris `WeS-

XXVII. antiTeza II. Qqorwili

XXVIII. personaJi da saxe

maSinve, rogorc ki msgavsi semebi ramdenjerme zedized

XXIX. alebastris lampa

XXX. miRma da aqeT mxares

srulqmnileba aris kodis kide (dasawyisi Tu dasasruli,

XXXI. Sewyvetili gadaZaxili

winaswar arsebuli wignis, kodis gareSe ar arsebobs

WeSmaritebas odnav SevexeT, magram Semdeg man sxva mxa-

XXXIV. mniSvnelobis enamravloba

yovelgvari romanuli qmedebebisTvis (romelsac warmo-

XXXV. realuri, ganxorcielebadi

ra moxdeboda, Tu marianina marTlac Seasrulebda addio-s

XXXVI. Cakecva da gaSla

XXXVII. hermenevtikuli fraza

XXXVIII. Txroba _ SeTanxmeba

Txrobis safuZveli _ survilia. maSasadame, Txroba rom

Traduit du français par

tiraJi: 500 egzemplari