ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

teacher as well as our principal who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
Volleyball, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research
and I came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends
who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.
 INDEX

SR NO. TOPIC PG NO.

1. History of the game
2. Terminologies
3. Rules and Regulations
4. New or latest changes in
rules
5. Official signal
6. Training gadgets or
equipments
7. Common Sports Injuries
8. Important Venues and
tournaments
9. Team list
10. Awardees
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the physical education project titled:

“VOLLEYBALL” has been successfully completed by Rhiya Gupta of class XII ROSE in partial

fulfilment of Central Board of Secondary Education leading to the award of Annual Examination

2019-2020

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

SCHOOL STAMP PRINCIPAL’S SIGNATURE

 HISTORY

Volleyball history goes way back to the late 19th century. William
Morgan invented volleyball in 1895 at the Holyoke, Massachusetts,
YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he served as
Director of Physical Education.

Morgan originally Called his new game of Volleyball, Mintonette.

The name Volleyball came about after a demonstration game of the sport, when a spectator
commented that the game involved much "volleying" and game was renamed Volleyball. This game
had derived from some of the characteristics from hand ball and tennis. The first rules, written
Down by William G

Morgan, called for a net 1.98 m high, a 7.6×15.2 m court, and any number of players. A match was

composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the
number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents’ court. In case of a
serving error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul. When
we go in past we can see during the time of Second World War the game of volleyball gained its
popularity. Many soldier learnt volleyball during the training. The international volleyball
association was established after Second World War.

The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900. An
international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was founded in 1947,
and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women. The first world
championship was held at Prague. Volleyball federation of India was established in 1951. The first
national championship was held at Chennai in 1952. The history of Olympic volleyball traces back
to the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where volleyball was played as part of an American sports
demonstration event after the foundation of FIVB and some continental confederations, it began
to be considered for official inclusion. In 1957, a special tournament was held at thE 53rd IOC
session in Sofia, Bulgaria to support such request. The competition was a success, and the sport
was officially included in the program for the 1964 Summer Olympics.
 RULES AND
REGULATIONS
 The breadth of service area is 9m instead of 3m
 The attack line has been extended upto 1.75m outside
 on both sides of dotted marking.
 According to new rule Libero is a new special player in team. He is a player of Backline .He
is not allowed to attack from the attacking area. He can play only for defense. He wears
coloured T-shirt different from other players. Neither he can do service nor block. A Libero
has a fixed position during he game. He cannot take part in rotation.
 A coloured ball is permitted in competition.
 All international matches are played are played in best of 5 set
 After each set the team shall change their ends.
 First four sets consist of 25 point search where as fifth set consist of 15points.
 If the score reaches 24-24 or 14-14 respectively two clear points are needed for victory.
 Each team can contact the ballt hree times so as to pass it in the court of opponent.
 Lifting,passing,carryingandscooping the ball shall be known as holding.
 The first service can be received from any part of the body but it should be only a single
touch.
 6 substitutions are allowed in a sIngle set. Only a Libero has to be substituted by a Libero.
 After a team gains the serve its members,except the Libero must rotate in a Clock wise
direction.
 A player in the back zone cannot attack from the front zone.
 Time-out requests must be made by showing the corresponding hand signal, when the ball
is Out of play and before the whistle forservice.
 TERMINOLOGY

The court diagram shows the official volleyball indoor specifications. The official indoor court
dimension is 9 meters by 18 meters with an attack line 3 meters from the center line.

Basic Volleyball Terminology

Ace : A serve that scores a point without the receiving team being able to return the serve back over
the net.

Back-One: When a volleyball is set quickly or low to the middle hitter or the right side hitter.

Back-Two: A high set of the volleyball to the middle or the right side hitter.

Bump : A first hit or pass that is used to set an attack.

Carry: A fault in which the volleyball is held for too long of time in the player's hands.

Cross: A play in which the middle hitter jumps for a one, and the weak-side hitter, having moved to
the middle of the court, takes an approach for a two at the same location.

Cut : an attack shot taken at an extreme angle.

Dig : A first hit of an attack ball resulting in a successful pass. Often the volleyball is hit low or
close to the ground.

Double contact : A fault where a player hits the volleyball two times in a row.

Dump: When a player hits the ball over the net on the second contact. This is generally a surprise
play when the setter appears to be setting the ball but then quickly hits it over the net and into an
open spot.

Five-one (5-1) : A volleyball formation where there is one main setter and five attack players. A
common formation for high-level teams.

Floater : A type of serve where the volleyball is intentionally hit with no spin. This can be effective
as the ball can move erratically making it difficult to hit.

Four-two (4-2) : A volleyball formation using four attackers and two setters. Usually used for
beginning teams.

Jump serve: A type of serve where the server tosses the ball into the air and then jumps up and hits
the serve as the ball is coming down. The idea is to get a higher angle and allow for the serve to be
hit harder. This type of serve takes lots of practice to perfect.

Kill : a successful spike attack.

Mis-hit : A bad hit or one that is not hit the way the volleyball player wanted to hit it.

Pancake : A type of dig when the player uses the back of their hand flat to the ground allowing the
ball to bounce off their hand for the hit.

Side out : A loss in the point that causes a change in serve.

Six-two (6-2) : Six player offense where there are two designated setters in the back row.

Spike : A type of attack where the ball is hit down over the net with good force and speed.

Strong side : The left side of the court. It's call this because most players are right handed and it's
easier to attack from this side for a right hander.

Tip : A soft hit attack used to get the ball over the net quickly.
 SPECIFIC WARM UP EXERCISES

BALL THROW: A ball is needed for this drill. Find a partner and stand across the court from
each other. Using your hitting arm throw the ball back and forth to each to other warming up your
hitting shoulder and arm. This only needs to be done for a couple of minutes to loosen up the
shoulder joint.

SPIKE DRILL : A ball is needed for this drill. Find a partner and stand across the court from
each other. Throw the ball up into the air and spike it down into the ground so that after once
bounce it should reach your partner. Do this only as long as it takes to warm- up your shoulder.

SETTING DRILL: A ball is needed for this drill. Standing about ten feet apart set the ball back
and forth. As your forearms loosen up try and move the distance back so that you are setting from
further away.

PASSING DRILL: A ball is needed for this drill. Standing about ten feet apart start passing the
ball back and forth, concentrating on making good passes to your partner.

SERVING: This drill requires an equal amount of players on either side of the net and a ball for
each player. This is just a quick serving warm-up.
 SPECIFIC CONDITIONING EXERCISES

ON THE LINE: Starting on the end line sprint up to the ten- foot line, then sprint back to the
end line. Next, sprint to the middle line, then back to the end line. Sprint to the far ten- foot line,
back to the end line, and finally to the far end line and back. You should touch each line with your
hand as you run.

GOING FOR THE BLOCK: Draw a line, or some other mark, on a wall equal to the height of
the net. Jump up and down quickly, with arms raised like you attempting a block at the top of the
net. Do this for a couple minutes keeping a fast pace. Now slow it down, by doing full jumps from a
squatting position with your backside parallel to your knees as you attempt the next jump.

SCATTERBALL: The coach rolls a ball out on the ground and a single player has to touch it. The
second they touch it, the coach should have another ball rolling out in an opposite direction for the
player to touch. Repeat this process for about a minute or so. Players in the drill should bring balls
back to the coach to roll out.
 FAULTS

It is mandatory to toss the ball while performing the

service .

Failing to do so, the service shall be considered faulty.

A service is rendered faulty if the server's foot is touching the service line.

Blocking a service is considered as foul.

A player making 2 consecutive touches of the ball is considered as a foul. Sending the ball to the
opponent's court by using more than 3 touches is considered as a foul. While spiking or blocking
the ball

, if any part of the body touches the net, then it Is considered a fault.

If a person's foot penetrates into the opponent court, then the play in which it occurred so is
rendered faulty and is considered as foul.

If the ball is sent to the opponent's court by a Libero, then it is considered as foul. While sending
the ball to the opponent's court the ball should pass between the 2 antennas and over the net.

Failing to satisfy any of these 2 conditions, the play shall be rendered as faulty.
OFFICIAL SIGNALS
TRAINING GADGETS AND EQUIPMENTS

Solid Ball:

Contrary to popular belief, not all volleyballs are the same. The ball is the single most important
piece of equipment in the game. A good ball will alleviate pain caused by hitting it over the net or
between teammates. If a game is being played indoors, a leather ball will work best. It cannot be
used outside because it may become wet and damaged. A cloth ball may be used as well. This will
not sting as much on the arms and lasts a long time without costing a fortune. For outdoor play, a
synthetic leather ball is recommended.

Knee Pads:

Volleyball knee pads prevent injuries. However, a person should choose pads according to age and
experience. For instance, younger athletes should use thicker pads, since these players have less
experience diving for the ball. Older athletes with more knowledge may choose thinner knee pads.
They work well to prevent bruising and burns. All knee pads must fit comfortably around the leg
area.

Ankle Braces:

The most common injury associated with a volleyball player is a sprained ankle. To avoid the
problem, it is wise to invest in a good pair of ankle braces. Since braces have proven to lower
injuries by 40 percent, certain volleyball team coaches mandate them. They provide stability to the
area without compromising activity. Lace-up braces guard the sides, front, and back of the ankles.
They are especially important when setting the ball, at the time of frequent under-the-net contact.

Proper Footwear:

Mens and womens volleyball shoes are essential gear for the game. These shoes contain a gum
rubber sole to provide maximum traction. These shoes are designed to protect the foot during side-
to-side movement. The front padding of the shoes is thick, so the legs do not suffer pain from
continuous jumping. A smart shoe choice will be made of leather and contain a low heel. This
provides top support and helps to prevent sprains as well.

Volleyball duffle Bag:

After having the right volleyball gear and clothing, it is important to have a dedicated piece of
equipment to keep everything organized and easy to access. The bag should be simple to carry.
Most people prefer a backpack style, where the weight can be evenly distributed across both
shoulders. The bag should also contain numerous compartments and pockets. This will give space
to separate equipment and keep clean items away from sweaty and used garments.
Court Antenna:-

An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of fiber glass or similar
material. An antenna is fastened at the outer edge of each side band. The antennae are placed on
opposite sides of the net. The top 80 cm of each antenna extends above the net and is marked with
10 cm stripes of contrasting color, preferably red and white.

Net:-

The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 meters long made of 10 cm square black mesh. At its top a
horizontal band, 7 cm wide, made of two-fold white canvas, is sewn along its full length. Each
extreme end of the band has a hole, through which passes a cord, fastening the band to the posts
for keeping it taut. Within the band, a flexible cable fastens the net to the posts and keeps its top
taut and bottom.
 COMMON SPORTS INJURIES

Rotator Cuff Tendinitis

During serving and spiking, the rotator cuff muscles are important in generating the necessary
power to move the shoulder. While rarely completely torn in young players, these muscles can get
irritated or fatigued with overuse. Often, rest and physical therapy services may be enough to
resolve pain. If pain persists, talk to your physician.

Finger Injuries
Fingers are vulnerable to injury during volleyball activities, such as blocking, setting, and digging.
Common finger injuries include fractures, dislocations, and tendon and ligament tears. If you are
unable to bend the finger, consultation with your sports medicine professional or athletic trainer is
important. Treatment can vary significantly depending on the injury

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury

Like ankle sprains, most ACL injuries in volleyball players occur when a player lands awkwardly
after jumping. Usually ACL tears are associated with a "pop" and immediate knee swelling.
Examination by a physician and MRI are often used to confirm the ACL injury.

Because ACL tears do not heal, those wishing to return to sports activities are encouraged to have
the ACL reconstructed. Recovery time is usually at least six to nine months.

Low-Back Pain
The low back is a common source of chronic pain among volleyball players. The cause of most low-
back pain is related to muscle or ligament strain. The pain usually resolves with rest, physical
therapy and athletic training services.

Ankle Sprains
Ankle injuries are the most common injury to volleyball players and responsible for the most lost
playing time. Ankle sprains should be immobilized for as short as time as possible to allow for
quicker rehabilitation.

Every ankle sprain needs an 8-week course of daily rehabilitation exercise to decrease the risk of
re- injury. Usually injuries can be treated nonoperatively with bracing and physical therapy or
home rehabilitation exercises. Occasionally, though, ankle sprains can be associated with subtle
fractures or cartilage injuries. Continued pain after several weeks should prompt further
evaluation, including X-rays and/or MRIs.

Patellar Tendinitis
Patellar tendinitis is inflammation of the tendon that connects the kneecap to the tibia (or shin
bone).

Patellar tendinitis is common in any athlete subjected to repetitive, forceful jumping activities,
such as spiking and blocking.Patellar tendon straps are helpful in unloading the stress to the
patellar tendon and are often the first line of treatment. Physical therapy and athletic training
services focused on stretching and strengthening are also helpful. Specific attention to landing
from jumping (eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscles) in rehabilitation is often
beneficial. Occasionally, patellar tendinitis persists despite therapy and surgery is required.
 IMPORTANT VENUES AND
TOURNAMENTS

• Olympic Games (International-Men and Women-Quadrennial)

• FIVB World Championship (International- Men and Women-Quadrennial)

• FIVB World Cup (International-Men and Women-Quadrennial)

• FIVB World Grand Champions Cup

(International-Men and Women-Annual)

• FIVB World League (International-Men- Annual)

• FIVB World Grand Prix (International- Women- Annual)

• FIVB Club World Championship (Continental Club Championship Winners- men and
Women-Annual)

• Federation Cup (National-Men and Women- Annual)

• VFI National Championships (National-Men and Women-Annual)

 TEAM LIST

MENS WOMENS
i. Ashwal Rai i. Anusri Ghosh
ii. Manoj L M ii. Nirmala
iii. Prabhakaran iii. Poornima M S
iv. Ajith Lal iv. Preeti Singh
v. Amit Gulia v. Priyanka Khedkar
vi. Pankaj Sharma vi. Rekha S
vii. Jerome Vinith vii. Terin Antony
viii. Vinith Kumar viii. Tiji Raju
ix. Naveen Raja Jacob ix. Sruthi.M
x. Kamalesh x. Jini.K.S
xi. Ashish Chaudhary xi. Smisha.K.S
xii. Mohan Ukkrapandi xii. Narmada P.
AWARDEES