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Bet Lesson5 Power Flow On Ac Transmission Lines PDF
Bet Lesson5 Power Flow On Ac Transmission Lines PDF
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Objectives
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Introduction
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
AC Power Flow Overview
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
AC Power Flow Overview
R XL
VS VR
1/2X
1/2XC
C
• Different lines have different values for R, XL, and XC, depending on:
• Length
• Conductor spacing
• Conductor cross-sectional area
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Resistance in AC Circuits
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Power in Out-of-Phase AC Circuits
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Power in Out-of-Phase AC Circuits
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Power in Out-of-Phase AC Circuits
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Review
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Flow of Real Power
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Power Flow
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Real Power Flow
Where,
P = Real power in MW
VS = Sending-end voltage
VR = Receiving-end voltage
X = Line impedance between buses
= Angle delta between bus voltages
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Real Power Flow
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Real Power Flow
Angle
Angular difference
between buses
VB
VA
Angle
IA
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #1
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #2
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Real Power Flow
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Flow of Real Power Summary
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Flow of Reactive Power
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Flow of Reactive Power
Where,
Q = Reactive Power in MVAR
VS = Sending-end voltage
ΔV = Difference between bus voltages VS and VR
X = Line Impedance between buses
= Phase angle between VS and VR
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Flow of Reactive Power
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #3
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #4
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Flow of Reactive Power Summary
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Integrating Real & Reactive
Power Flows
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 1
EB EA Bus Bus
A B
MW
MVAR
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 2
EA EB Bus Bus
A B
MW
MVAR
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 3
Bus Bus
EA A B
MW
EB MVAR
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 4
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 5
Bus Bus
EA A B
EB MW
MVAR
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 6
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Scenario 7
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #5
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #5
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Summary
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Questions?
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Disclaimer:
PJM has made all efforts possible to accurately document all
information in this presentation. The information seen here
does not supersede the PJM Operating Agreement or the
PJM Tariff both of which can be found by accessing:
http://www.pjm.com/documents/agreements/pjm-
agreements.aspx
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Resources and References
PJM©2014 7/11/2013