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Use Bow Tie Tool For Easy Hazard Identification, 2012, 32d
Use Bow Tie Tool For Easy Hazard Identification, 2012, 32d
Presented at
14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress
Singapore, 21-24 February 2012
What could release the hazard and cause the top event
to occur? What are the ”threats”?
Hazard
Effective visualisation
C
O
R
H T B N
E
A H A S
C
Z R E
R HAZARDOUS O
R Q
A E I EVENT V
U
R A E
E E
D R
T R N
Y
C
E
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Bow Tie Concept
Bow Tie Terminology Definitions
Hazard - Potential source of harm to people, assets, the environment
and company reputation
Top Event - The incident that occurs when a hazard is realized
Threats - What could cause the top event to occur?
Consequences - What could happen if the top event occurs?
Barrier - What directly prevents or reduces the likelihood of a threat?
Recovery Measure - What prevents, minimizes or helps recovery from
the consequence?
Escalation Factor - What could prevent the barrier or recovery measure
from working as intended?
Escalation Factor Control - What prevents or minimizes the chance of
barriers or recovery measures becoming Ineffective?
Bow Tie Analysis Steps
Define top Identify recovery
event For each barrier, preparedness measures
identify escalation for each consequence
•The top event is factors and
the initial controls •Recovery preparedness
consequence measures prevent the top
•Escalation factors event leading to the
cause the barriers consequence
Identify to fail
threats •Controls prevent For each recovery
the escalation preparedness measure, identify
factors from escalation factors and controls
•Threats are the leading to barrier
causes of the top failure •Escalation factors cause the
event. recovery preparedness measure to
fail
Identify •Controls prevent the escalation
consequences factors from leading to recovery
Identify preparedness measure failure
barriers for •Each top event can
each threat have several
consequences
•Barriers prevent the threat
from leading to the top
event. For each Barrier, Recover
•Some barriers are Preparedness Measure and
dependent on each other or Escalation factor control
identify HSE Critical Tasks
subject to common failures
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Major Hazard Classification
BowTies are usually developed for only for Major Hazards – defined
using Risk Assessment Matrix
CONSEQUENCES INCREASING LIKELIHOOD
A B C D E
SEVERITY
Environment
Reputation
Never Heard of in Has Has Has
People
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Typical Major Hazards
20
Typical Major Hazard Barriers
Structures (jackets/decks) – preventive barriers
Hydrocarbon containment - preventive barriers
Chemical injection systems - preventive barriers
Relief systems - preventive barriers
Fire, gas & smoke detectors – recovery barriers
Ignition control – recovery barriers
Shutdown systems – preventive/ recovery barriers
Active & passive fire protection systems – recovery barriers
Firewater pumps & ringmain – recovery barriers
Emergency response equipment – recovery barriers
Emergency communication & power – recovery barriers
Escape, evacuation & rescue provisions – recovery barriers
Life/survival equipment – recovery barriers
Bow Tie Allows Optimised Integrity
Assurance
Barrier Barrier
Threat 1 Consequence 1
Safety
HSE Critical
Critical
Equipment
Elements
Barrier Operational
Assessment Performance
Use of Bow Tie for Effective Control of
Major Hazard
Major Barriers
Hazards
Hazard
Hazard Major Hazard Safety
SafetyCritical
Critical
Register MAH Bow-ties
Bowtie Equipment
Element
Registers
Escalation Controls
HSSE Critical
HSE Critical
Activity Tasks necessary to
to
Activity Sheets
Sheets Tasks necessary
ensure effectiveness of
of MAH barriers
major hazard barriers
Barrier Effectiveness Rating
Effective
Partially Effective
Ineffective
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Inputs to Barrier Effectiveness Assessment
Design standards
Inspection/maintenance records
Test performance results
Asset integrity reporting
Processes & procedures
Audit findings
Incident investigation findings
Personnel competency
Barrier Effectiveness Assessment -
Example
Bow Tie vs Other Methods ?
27
Using Bow Tie Software -THESIS
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THESIS Bow Tie ‘Attributes’
Threat definition
Barrier
Linked document
Escalation Factor
Escalation Control
Linked Activity/Task
Linkage of Critical
Systems
29
THESIS ‘Risk Dashboard’
Management review
of overall risks, or
risk per location
Sorting to order
profile by category
Allows a snapshot of
the major exposure
items
30
THESIS Action Tracking…..Ensuring
Effective Hazard Management
Generation of
Shortfalls to log
deficiencies in
the Management
System
Create and track
actions to
recover
Shortfalls –
ensuring barrier
effectiveness
31
Bow Tie Software Demo - Optional
32