4/26/2012

CCIE Service Provider Ver. 3.0

Advanced Technologies Class

Service Provider QoS

http://www.INE.com

Quality of Service Overview

• Different service levels for different “classes” (types) of
traffic
• SP QoS Goals
– Traffic admission control from CE
• Enforce a traffic rate per SLA
• Honor / override CE’s classification scheme
– DSCP / IP Precedence to MPLS EXP mappings
– Transit control
• Guarantee bandwidth between sites
• Prioritize important traffic flows
• Sell different transit SLAs

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QoS Models
• IntServ QoS model
– Integrated Services
– Network devices request specific service for
particular flow
• DiffServ QoS model
– Differentiated Services
– Flows get specific service based on traffic
classification done by the network
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Integrated Services QoS

• RSVP – Resource Reservation Protocol
• Original goal was for hosts to request service of the network
– Assumes transit networks will enforce admission control and honor
reservations
– Doesn’t scale; transit network would need to maintain state for every
single flow
• Abandoned with few exceptions
– MPLS TE for our purposes
• RSVP only makes reservation in “control plane”, not “data plane”
– DiffServ must enforce reservations

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Differentiated Services QoS

• Packet markings or attributes used to “differentiate” traffic classes
• IPv4 DiffServ
– DSCP – 6 bits = 64 classes
– IP Precedence – 3 bits = 8 classes
• MPLS DiffServ
– MPLS EXP bits – 3 bits = 8 classes
• Advanced DiffServ
– ACLs
– NBAR
• Locally Significant DiffServ
– QoS Group

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Differentiated Services QoS

• Once classified, traffic can be…
– Guaranteed bandwidth
– Prioritized
– Scheduled
• WFQ
• WRR
• WRED
– Limited
• CAR / Policing
• Shaping

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Traffic Classification Methods

• DiffServ classification through
– MQC Match / Set
• IP Precedence / DSCP / NBAR / ACLs / MPLS EXP /
QoS Group
– Legacy CAR
– Policy Routing

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MPLS VPN QoS Classification

• Marking can occur at many places
– Am I dealing with IP packet, VPN label, TE label, or transport label?
• IP to MPLS
– VPN label imposed on IP packet at PE-CE ingress
• MPLS to MPLS
– Push
• Transport label imposed on VPN label
• MPLS TE label imposed on transport / VPN label
– Swap
• Transport label disposed, new transport label imposed
– Pop
• Transport label disposed to reveal VPN
• MPLS TE label disposed to reveal transport / VPN label
• MPLS to IP
– VPN label disposed to reveal IP packet

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Ultimate Hop Popping

• Last hop in MPLS network advertises implicit null
label by default
– Causes “penultimate” hop to pop label
• Popping label destroys MPLS EXP policy
• Ultimate hop popping forces penultimate hop to
send a blank label (explicit null) to the ultimate
hop
– router(config)# mpls ldp explicit-null
• Allows end-to-end propagation of MPLS EXP
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MPLS VPN QoS Models

• Uniform Mode
– CE IPv4 marking is mapped to MPLS EXP at SP ingress
– SP MPLS EXP may be remarked in transit
– IPv4 egress marking on PE-CE link based on remarked MPLS
EXP
– Customer marking is dependent on SP marking
• Pipe Mode
– CE IPv4 marking may be mapped to MPLS EXP at SP ingress
– SP MPLS EXP may be remarked in transit
– IPv4 not remarked at PE-CE egress
– Customer marking is independent of SP marking

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