1 Where did the first mass take place in the Philippines

On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered a Mass to be celebrated which was
officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusion chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then.
Conducted near the shores of the island, the First Holy Mass marked the birth of Roman
Catholicism in the Philippines. Colambu and Siaiu were the first natives of the archipelago,
which was not yet named "Philippines" until the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1543,
to attend the Mass among other native inhabitants.

2 What happened in the Cavite mutiny

Cavite Mutiny, (Jan. 20, 1872), brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite
arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine
nationalist movement. Ironically, the harsh reaction of the Spanish authorities served ultimately
to promote the nationalist cause.
The mutiny was quickly crushed, but the Spanish regime under the reactionary governor Rafael
de Izquierdo magnified the incident and used it as an excuse to clamp down on those Filipinos
who had been calling for governmental reform. A number of Filipino intellectuals were seized
and accused of complicity with the mutineers. After a brief trial, three priests—José Burgos,
Jacinto Zamora, and Mariano Gómez—were publicly executed. The three subsequently became
martyrs to the cause of Philippine independence.

3 Did Rizal retract

The document of the retraction of Jose Rizal, too, is being hotly debated as to its authenticity.
It was supposed to have been signed by Jose Rizal moments before his death. There were
many witnesses, most of them Jesuits. The document only surfaced for public viewing on May
13, 1935. It was found by Fr. Manuel A. Gracia at the Catholic hierarchy’s archive in Manila. But
the original document was never shown to the public, only reproductions of it.
However, Fr. Pio Pi, a Spanish Jesuit, reported that as early as 1907, the retraction of Rizal
was copied verbatim and published in Spain, and reprinted in Manila. Fr. Gracia, who found the
original document, also copied it verbatim.

In both reproductions, there were conflicting versions of the text. Add to this the date of the
signing was very clear in the original Spanish document which Rizal supposedly signed. The
date was “December 29, 1890.”

Later, another supposedly original document surfaced, it bears the date “December 29,
189C”. The number “0” was evidently altered to make it look like a letter C. Then still later,
another supposedly original version came up. It has the date “December 29, 1896”. This time,
the “0” became a “6”.
4 Where did the cry of rebellion happened
he Cry of balintawak (Filipino: Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin), alternately and originally referred to as
the Cry of Balintawak (Filipino: Sigaw ng Balíntawak, Spanish: Grito de Balíntawak), was the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire.
At the close of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros) led by
Andrés Bonifacio rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred to as Caloocan,wider than the
jurisdiction of present-day Caloocan City which may have overlapped into present-day Quezon
City.
Originally the term "cry" referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards
(Guardia Civil). The cry could also refer to the tearing up of community tax certificates (cédulas
personales) in defiance of their allegiance to Spain. This was literally accompanied by patriotic
shouts.
Because of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place where this event took place, the
exact date and place of the Cry is in contention. From 1908 until 1963, the official stance was
that the cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine government declared a
shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.