JLPT Resources – Top Vocab for N1 Exam

JLPT Resources – http://www.tanos.co.
uk/jlpt/
JLPT N1 Vocab List
This is not a cumulative list. (It doesn't contain the vocab needed
by JLPT N2 and below).
Kanji Hiragana English

嗚呼ああ Ah!, Oh!, Alas!
相あい together, mutually, fellow
相変
あいかわ
わららず as ever, as usual, the same
ず
civility, courtesy, compliments, sociability,

愛想あいそ
graces
confrontation, facing, between ourselves,

相対あいたい
no third party, tete-a-tete
あいだが
間柄 relation(ship)
ら
愛憎あいそう likes and dislikes, Love and hate
合間あいま interval
曖昧あいまい vague, ambiguous
敢え
てあえて dare (to do), challenge (to do)
to look up (to), to respect, to depend on,

仰ぐあおぐ to ask for, to seek, to revere, to drink, to
take
1
JLPT Resources – http://www.tanos.co.uk/jlpt/
垢あか dirt, filth
亜科あか suborder, subfamily
銅あかがね copper
証あかし proof, evidence
赤字あかじ deficit, go in the red
明かあかす to pass, spend, to reveal, to divulge

す
赤あかちゃ
ちゃん baby, infant
ん
めいは
明白く、あか obvious, overt, plainly, frankly
らさま
赤ら
むあからむ to become red, to redden, to blush
明るあかるい bright, cheerful

い
1. slope, advance income, crop yield,

上が
りあがり ascent, rise, advance, death, spinning,
completion, stop, finish, after
to enter, to go up, to rise, to climb up, to

上が
るあがる advance, to appreciate, to be promoted, to
improve, to call on,
商人しょうに trader, shopkeeper, merchant

んあきん
1
空間あきま vacancy, room for rent or lease
諦めあきらめ resignation, acceptance, consolation
呆れ
るあきれる to be amazed, to be shocked
悪あく evil, wickedness
灰汁あく Bitter taste, self-assertiveness
1. gaudy, showy, excessive, 2. Vicious, 3.

あくどい
dishonest,
悪日あくび unlucky day
明く
るあくる next, following
憧れあこがれ yearning, longing, aspiration
顎あご chin
麻あさ flax, linen, hemp
明後あさって day after tomorrow

日
朝寝あさねぼ
坊う oversleeping, late riser
浅まあさまし wretched, miserable, shameful, mean,

しいい despicable, abject
1
字あざ section of village
欺くあざむく to deceive
鮮やあざやか vivid, clear, brilliant

か
あざあざわら
笑うう to sneer at, to ridicule, scoff at
味わあじわい flavour, meaning, significance

い
東あずま east, Eastern Japan
焦るあせる to be in a hurry, to be impatient
1. (uk) there, over there, that place, 2. (X)

彼処あそこ
(col) genitals
値あたい value, price, cost, worth, merit
値すあたいす to be worth, to deserve, to merit

るる
私あたし I (fem)
当た hit, success, reaching the mark, per ...,

あたり
り vicinity, neighborhood
当たあたりま usual, common, ordinary, natural,

り前え reasonable, obvious
another person, unrelated person,

他人あだびと
outsider, stranger
1
彼方あちこち here and there

此方
彼方あちら 1. there, yonder, that
彼方あちらこ
此方ちら here and there
deterioration, growing worse, aggravation,

悪化あっか
degeneration, corruption
呆気あっけな
ないい Abrupt, disappointing, unexpected
悪口あっこう abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking
あっさり easily, readily, quickly
圧迫あっぱく pressure, coercion, oppression
扱いあつかい treatment, service
集まあつまる to gather, to collect, to assemble

る
誂えあつらえ
るる to give an order, to place an order
あつりょ
圧力 stress, pressure
く
当てあて object, aim, end, hopes, expectations
宛あて addressed to
当てあてじ phonetic-equivalent character, substitute

字
1
character
当てあてはま
はま to apply (a rule)
る
る
当てあてはめ
はめる to apply, to adapt
る
宛てあてる to address
る
跡継
ぎあとつぎ heir, successor
後回あとまわ putting off, postponing

しし
貴女あなた you, lady
彼のあの that over there
溢れ
るあふれる to flood, to overflow, to brim over
油絵あぶらえ oil painting
炙るあぶる To broil, to grill, to warm, to scorch
あべこべ contrary, opposite, inverse
甘えあまえる to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on

る
甘口あまくち sweet flavour, mildness, flattery, stupidity
1
雨具あまぐ rain gear
天あまつ heavenly, imperial
網あみ net, network
heaven and earth, the universe, nature,

天地てんち
top and bottom, realm, sphere, world
操るあやつる to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings
あやふや uncertain, vague, ambiguous
危ぶ to fear, to have misgivings, to be doubtful,

あやぶむ
む to mistrust
過ちあやまち fault, error, indiscretion
誤るあやまる to make a mistake
歩みあゆみ walking
歩むあゆむ to walk, to go on foot
oh, ah, saw-edged perch (Niphon

あら
spinosus)
あらかじ
予めめ beforehand, in advance, previously
荒ら to lay waste, to devastate, to damage, to

あらす
す invade, to break into
粗筋あらすじ outline, summary
1
dispute, strife, quarrel, dissension,

争いあらそい
conflict, rivalry, contest
改まあらたま
るる to be renewed
荒っあらっぽ rough, rude

ぽいい
凡ゆ
るあらゆる all, every
あられ kind of cookie, cartoon character
現わあらわれ embodiment, materialization

れ
to appear, to come in sight, to become

現わあらわれ
れるる visible, to come out, to embody, to
materialize, to express oneself
有難ありがと
うう Thank you
state, condition, circumstances, the way

有様ありさま
things are or should be, truth
有りありのま
のまま the truth, fact, as it is, frankly
ま
或るある a certain..., some...
或いあるいは or, possibly

は
彼此あれこれ one thing or another, this and that, this or
1
that
to join together, to face, to unite, to be

合わ
すあわす opposite, to combine, to connect, to add
up, to mix, to match, to
合わあわせ joint together, opposite, facing

せ
慌たあわただ
だししい busy, hurried, confused, flurried
い
慌て to become confused (disconcerted

あわてる
る disorganized)
暗殺あんさつ assassination
暗算あんざん mental arithmetic
暗示あんじ hint, suggestion
案じ
るあんじる to be anxious, to ponder
安静あんせい rest
案のあんの sure enough, as usual

定じょう
not very (this form only used as adverb),

余りあんまり not much, remainder, rest, remnant,
surplus, balance, excess, rema
依い depending on
1
良いいい good
伊井いい that one, Italy
否いいえ no, nay, yes, well
いいいいかげ moderate, right, random, not thorough,

加減ん vague, irresponsible, halfhearted
言い
訳いいわけ excuse, explanation
家出いえで running away from home, leaving home
家主いえぬし landlord
如何いかが how, in what way
生かいかす to revive, to resuscitate, to make use of

す
雷いかずち thunder
如何 how?, in what way?, how much?,

いかに
に however, whatever
如何いかにも indeed, really, phrase meaning agreement

にも
怒りいかり anger, hatred
怒るいかる to get angry, to be angry
to warp, to swerve, to deflect, to be

歪むいがむ crooked, to be distorted, to be bent, to
incline, to slant, to be perv
1
粋いき chic, style, purity, essence
域外いきがい outside the area
意気いきごむ to be enthusiastic about, eager

込む
1. details, whole story, sequence of

経緯いきさつ events, particulars, how it started, how
things got this way, 2. c
行きいきちが misunderstanding, miss each other, e.g.,

違いい on the road, to cross each other
行きいきなり suddenly
成り
異議いぎ objection, dissent, protest
いく to come, to orgasm
軍いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight
戦いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight
rearing, training, nurture, cultivation,

育成いくせい
promotion
幾多いくた many, numerous
活けいける to arrange (flowers)

る
異見いけん different opinion, objection
意向いこう intention, idea, inclination
1
移行いこう switching over to
いざ now, come (now), well, crucial moment
碑いしぶみ stone monument bearing an inscription
衣装いしょう clothing, costume, outfit, garment, dress
disposition, spirit, willpower, obstinacy,

意地いじ
backbone, appetite
苛め to tease, to torment, to persecute, to

いじめる
る chastise
移住いじゅう migration, immigration
弄るいじる to touch, to tamper with
where, which, who, anyway, anyhow, at

何れいずれ
any rate
異性いせい the opposite sex
遺跡いせき historic ruins (remains relics)
依然いぜん still, as yet
依存いそん dependence, dependent, reliance
consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust

委託いたく
(person with something), commit
悪戯いたずら tease, prank, trick, practical joke, mischief
頂いただき (top of) head, summit, spire
1
戴きいただき expression of gratitude before meals

ますます
至っ
ていたって very much, exceedingly, extremely
痛むいたむ to hurt, to feel a pain, to be injured
痛め to hurt, to injure, to cause pain, to worry,

いためる
る to bother, to afflict, to be grieved over
炒め
るいためる to stir-fry
to comfort, to care for( sick person), to be

労るいたわる
kind to
市いち market, fair
位地いち place, situation, position, location
一々いちいち one by one, separately
一概いちがい
にに unconditionally, as a rule
一見いち unfamiliar, never before met
一言ひとこと single word
一日いちにち 1. one day, 2. first of month
fixed, settled, definite, uniform,

一定いってい regularized, defined, standardized,
certain, prescribed
1
著しいちじる remarkable, considerable

いしい
一同いちどう all concerned, all of us
一人いちにん one person
1. one copy e.g. of a document, 2. a part,

一部いちぶ
partly, some
一部いちぶぶ a part
分ん
一別いちべつ parting
one side, one phase, front page, the other

一面いちめん
hand, the whole surface
一目いちもく a glance, a look, a glimpse
uniformity, evenness, similarity, equality,

一様いちよう
impartiality
一律いちりつ evenness, uniformity, monotony, equality
一連いちれん a series, a chain, a ream (of paper)
all together, batch, one lump, one bundle,

一括いっかつ
summing up
一気いっき drink!(said repeatedly as a party cheer)
一挙いっきょ at a stroke, with a single swoop

にに
一切いっさい all, everything, without exception, the
1
whole, entirely, absolutely
one mind, wholeheartedness, the whole

一心いっしん
heart
いっそ rather, sooner, might as well
一帯いったい a region, a zone, the whole place
一敗いっぱい one defeat
一変いっぺん complete change, about-face
何時いつ when, how soon
sometime, someday, one day, some time

何時
かいつか or other, the other day, in due course, in
time
何時 (at) any time, always, at all times, never

いつでも
でも (neg), whenever
何時いつのま
の間 before one knows, unnoticed, unawares
にか
にか
何時 forever, for good, eternally, as long as one

いつまで
までも likes, indefinitely
も
何時 always, usually, every time, never (with

いつも
も neg. verb)
意図いと intention, aim, design
営むいとなむ to carry on (e.g. in ceremony), to run a
1
business
free time, leisure, leave, spare time,

暇いとま
farewell
異動いどう a change
to challenge, to contend for, to make love

挑むいどむ
to
いなびか
稲光 (flash of) lightning
り
古いにしえ antiquity, ancient times
祈りいのり prayer, supplication
鼾いびき snoring
今更いまさら now, at this late hour
未だいまだ as yet, hitherto, not yet (neg)
emigration, immigration, emigrant,

移民いみん
immigrant
unwillingly, grudgingly, shaking head in

厭々いやいや
refusal (to children)
卑し greedy, vulgar, shabby, humble, base,

いやしい
い mean, vile
いやに awfully, terribly
厭やいやらし detestable, disagreeable
1
らしい
い
more and more, all the more, increasingly,

愈々いよいよ
at last, beyond doubt
意欲いよく will, desire, ambition
苛々いらいら getting nervous, irritation
入口いりくち entrance, gate, approach, mouth
衣料いりょう clothing
威力いりょく power, might, authority, influence
to get in, to go in, to come in, to flow into,

入るはいる
to set, to set in
衣類いるい clothes, clothing, garments
色々いろいろ various
異論いろん different opinion, objection
所謂いわゆる the so-called, so to speak
印いん seal, stamp, mark, print
員いん member
印鑑いんかん stamp, seal
陰気いんき gloom, melancholy
1
隠居いんきょ retirement, retired person
high and low, up and down, unloading and

上下うえした
loading, praising and blaming
浮か
ぶうかぶ to float, to rise to surface, to come to mind
受かうかる to pass (examination)

る
含嗽うがい gargle, rinse mouth
受け
入れうけいれ receiving, acceptance
受けうけいれ
入れ to accept, to receive
る
る
受け
継ぐうけつぐ to inherit, to succeed, to take over
受けうけつけ
付け to be accepted, to receive (an application)
る
る
受け to catch, to stop the blow, to react to, to

うけとめ
止める take
る
受けうけとり receipt
取り
受身うけみ passive, passive voice
動きうごき movement, activity, trend, development,
1
change
潮うしお tide
氏うじ family name
渦うず swirl
埋ま to be buried, to be surrounded, to
うずまる
る overflow, to be filled
嘘つ liar (sometimes said with not much

うそつき
き seriousness), fibber
打ち business meeting, previous arrangement,

うちあわ
合わせ appointment
せ
打ちうちあわ
合わせる to knock together, to arrange
せる
打ちうちきる to stop, to abort, to discontinue, to close

切る
打ち
消しうちけし negation, denial, negative
to drive in (e.g. nail stake), to devote

打ち
込むうちこむ oneself to, to shoot into, to smash, to
throw into, to cast int
団扇うちわ fan
内訳うちわけ the items, breakdown, classification
1
訴えうったえ lawsuit, complaint
鬱陶うっとう gloomy, depressing

しいしい
写しうつし copy, duplicate, facsimile, transcript
虚ろうつろ blank, cavity, hollow, empty (space)
器うつわ bowl, vessel, container
雨天うてん rainy weather
腕前うでまえ ability, skill, facility
饂飩うどん noodles (Japanese)
to urge, to press, to suggest, to demand,

促すうながす to stimulate, to quicken, to incite, to invite
(attention to)
to groan, to moan, to roar, to howl, to

唸るうなる
growl, to hum, to buzz, to sough
自惚うぬぼれ pretension, conceit, hubris

れ
甘いうまい delicious
生まうまれつ
れつき by nature, by birth, native
き
海路かいろ sea route
産むうむ to give birth, to deliver, to produce
1
埋めうめこむ to bury
込む
梅干うめぼし dried plum
浦うら bay
裏返うらがえ
しし Turn… over, inside out, upside down
売りうりだし sale
出し
売り to put on sale, to market, to become

うりだす
出す popular
to be moist, to be damp, to get wet, to

潤ううるおう profit by, to be watered, to receive
benefits, to favor, to charm, t
五月うるさい noisy, loud, fussy

蝿い
売れ
行きうれゆき Sales,demand
浮気うわき flighty, fickle, wanton, unfaithful
1. upper part, upper stream, left side (of a

上手うわて stage), 2. skillful (only in comparisons),
dexterity (on
上回うわまわ to exceed
るる
植わ
るうわる to be planted
1
運営うんえい management, administration, operation
うんざり tedious, boring, being fed up with
運送うんそう shipping, marine transportation
運賃うんちん freight rates, shipping expenses, fare
云々うんぬん and so on, and so forth, comment
運搬うんぱん transport, carriage
運命うんめい fate
運輸うんゆ transportation
making use of, application, investment,

運用うんよう
practical use
会え understanding
重え -fold, -ply
えい ray (fish)
映写えいしゃ projection
英字えいじ English letter (character)
衛生えいせい health, hygiene, sanitation, medical
映像えいぞう reflection, image
英雄えいゆう hero, great man
1
液えき liquid, fluid
役えき war, campaign, battle
閲覧えつらん inspection, reading
獲物えもの game, spoils, trophy
襟えり neck, collar, lapel, neckband
chance, fate, destiny, relation, bonds,

縁えん
connection, karma
塩えん salt
艶えん charming, fascinating, voluptuous
園えん garden (esp. man-made)
円滑えんかつ harmony, smoothness
縁側えんがわ veranda, porch, balcony, open corridor
沿岸えんがん coast, shore
えんきょ euphemistic, circumlocution, roundabout,

婉曲く indirect, insinuating
えんしゅ
演習 practice, exercises, manoeuvers
う
えんしゅ
演出つ production (e.g. play), direction
演じ to perform (a play), to play (a part), to act

えんじる
る (a part), to commit (a blunder)
1
演ずえんずる to perform, to play

る
沿線えんせん along railway line
縁談えんだん marriage proposal, engagement
遠方えんぽう long way, distant place
harmony, peace, smoothness,

円満えんまん
completeness, satisfaction
尾お tail, ridge
於お at, in, on
甥おい nephew
追いおいこむ to herd, to corner, to drive

込む
美味
しいおいしい delicious, tasty
追いおいだす to expel, to drive out

出す
於い
ておいて at, in, on
お出おいでに
でに to be
なる
なる
老い
るおいる to age, to grow old
1
負うおう to bear, to owe
おうきゅ
応急 emergency
う
黄金おうごん gold
おうしょ
黄色く yellow
応募おうぼ subscription, application
おおい hey!
大方おおかた perhaps, almost all, majority
大柄おおがら large build, large pattern
大げおおげさ grandiose, exaggerated

さ
大事おおごと important, valuable, serious matter
大おおざっ
ざっぱ rough (as in not precise), broad, sketchy
ぱ
大筋おおすじ outline, summary
大空おおぞら heaven, firmament, the sky
大幅おおはば full width, large scale, drastic
大水おおみず flood
公おおやけ official, public, formal, open, governmental
1
お蔭おかげ (your) backing, assistance
お蔭おかげさ Thanks to god, thanks to you

様でまで
可笑
しいおかしい strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous
犯すおかす to commit, to perpetrate, to violate, to rape
to invade, to raid, to trespass, to violate, to

侵すおかす
intrude on
お菜おかず side dish, accompaniment for rice dishes
おくびょ
臆病う cowardice, timidity
遅らおくらす to retard, to delay

す
遅れおくれ delay, lag
起こ
すおこす to raise, to cause, to wake someone
deed, conduct, behavior, action,

行いおこない
asceticism
austere, majestic, dignified, stately, awful,

厳かおごそか
impressive
傲るおごる to be proud
長おさ chief, head
1
押さ to stop, to restrain, to seize, to repress, to

おさえる
える suppress, to press down
お先
におさきに before, ahead, previously
to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit

収ま
るおさまる into, to be settled, to be paid, to be
delivered
to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit

納ま
るおさまる into, to be settled, to be paid, to be
delivered
治ま to be at peace, to clamp down, to lessen

おさまる
る (storm terror anger)
お産おさん (giving) birth
教えおしえ teachings, precept, lesson, doctrine
押し
込むおしこむ to push into, to crowd into
惜しおしむ to be frugal, to value, to regret

む
chattering, talk, idle talk, chat, chitchat,

お喋おしゃべ
りり gossip, chatty, talkative, chatterbox,
blabbermouth
お洒 smartly dressed, someone smartly

おしゃれ
落 dressed, fashion-conscious
押しおしよせ To crowd, to throng, to flock, to swarm

寄せる
1
お祖おじいさ
父さん grandfather, male senior-citizen
ん
お邪 Excuse me for disturbing (interrupting)

おじゃま
魔しします you
ます
雄おす male (animal)
お世
辞おせじ flattery, compliment
襲うおそう to attack
遅くおそくと at the latest

ともも
恐ら
くおそらく perhaps
恐れおそれ fear, horror
to be filled with awe, to feel small, to be

恐れおそれい
入るる amazed, to be surprised, to be
disconcerted, to be sorry, to b
お大おだいじ Take care of yourself

事にに
煽て
るおだてる to stir up, to instigate, to flatter
落ちおちこむ to fall into, to feel down (sad)

込む
1
落ちおちつき calm, composure

着き
落ち fallen leaves, leaf litter, defoliation,

おちば
葉 shedding leaves
落ちおちる to fail (e.g. exam), to fall down, to drop

る
おっかな
い frightening, huge
仰っおっしゃ
しゃ to say, to speak, to tell, to talk
る
る
1. strange, quaint, stylish, chic, spicy,

乙おつ queer, witty, tasty, romantic, 2. 2nd in
rank, second sign of the
お使
いおつかい errand
お手 all over, given in, given up hope, bring to

おてあげ
上げ knees
御手おてあら
洗いい toilet, restroom, lavatory, bathroom (US)
弟おと younger brother
落とおとす to drop, to lose, to let fall

す
訪れおとずれ
るる to visit
1
大人おとなし obedient, docile, quiet

しいい
daughter, young lady, virgin, maiden, little

少女おとめ
girl
お供おとも attendant, companion
衰えおとろえ to become weak, to decline, to wear, to

るる abate, to decay, to wither, to waste away
おどおど coweringly, hesitantly
脅か
すおどかす to threaten, to coerce
脅すおどす to threaten, to menace
驚きおどろき surprise, astonishment, wonder
同いおないど of the same age

年し
女の
子おなのこ woman, girl
お願おねがい
いし please
します
ます
各々おのおの each, every, either, respectively, severally
naturally, as a matter of course, 自ずから

自ずおのずか
からら明らかな（自明の）事実 (self evident
fact)
1
お早おはよう Good morning

う
お祖おばあさ
母さん grandmother, female senior-citizen
ん
怯えおびえる to become frightened, to have a nightmare

る
夥しおびただ
いしい abundantly, innumerably
to wear, to carry, to be entrusted, to have,

帯び
るおびる to take on, to have a trace of, to be tinged
with
覚えおぼえ memory, sense, experience
1. a discount, a prize, 2. something

御負
けおまけ additional, bonus, an extra, 3. an
exaggeration
お巡おまわり
りさ policeman (friendly term)
さん
ん
お宮おみや Shinto shrine
お襁
褓おむつ diaper, nappy
お目 (ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!, an

おめでと
出度う auspicious occasion!
う
面おも face
1
思いおもいつ plan, idea, suggestion

付きき
面白おもしろ
いい interesting, amusing
玩具おもちゃ toy
重なおもなる main, principal, important

る
meaning, tenor, gist, effect, appearance,

趣おもむき
taste, grace, charm, refinement
赴くおもむく to go, to proceed, to become,to visit
じゅうや
重役 An executive
く
重んおもんじ
じるる to respect, to honor, to esteem, to prize
重んおもんず to honor, to respect, to esteem, to prize

ずるる
お休
みおやすみ holiday, absence, rest, Good night
1. (uk) between meal snack, afternoon

お八おやつ refreshment, afternoon tea, 2. mid-day
snack
凡そおよそ about, roughly, as a rule, approximately
及びおよび and, as well as
及ぶおよぶ to reach, to come up to, to amount to, to
1
befall, to happen to, to extend, to match,

to equal
織おり weave, weaving, woven item
檻おり cage, pen, jail cell
折りおりかえ to turn up, to fold back,to turn up (ends of

返すす one’s own trousers)
織物おりもの textile, fabric
織るおる to weave
俺おれ I (ego) (boastful first-person pronoun)
愚かおろか foolish, stupid
疎かおろそか neglect, negligence, carelessness
終わおわる to finish, to close

る
おんしょ tone color, tone quality, timbre,

音色く synthesizer patch
温和おんわ gentle, mild, moderate
仮かり tentative, provisional
科か department, section
個こ article counter
下位かい low rank, subordinate, lower order (e.g.
1
byte)
階かい -floor (counter), stories
改悪かいあく deterioration, changing for the worse
海運かいうん maritime, marine transportation
改革かいかく reform, reformation, innovation
貝殻かいがら shell
かいきゅ
階級 class, rank, grade
う
かいきょ
海峡う channel
会見かいけん interview, audience
介護かいご nursing
開催かいさい holding a meeting, open an exhibition
かいしゅ
回収 collection, recovery
う
かいしゅ
改修う repair, improvement
かいじゅ
怪獣 monster
う
cancellation, rescinding, release, calling

解除かいじょ
off
1
回送かいそう forwarding
階層かいそう class, level, stratum, hierarchy
reclamation (of wasteland), cultivation,

開拓かいたく
pioneer
conversation, conference, discussion,

会談かいだん
interview
改定かいてい reform
改訂かいてい revision
街道かいどう highway
かいにゅ
介入 intervention
う
開発かいはつ development, exploitation
海抜かいばつ height above sea level
介抱かいほう nursing, looking after
解剖かいぼう dissection, autopsy
回覧かいらん circulation
かいりゅ
海流う ocean current
かいりょ
改良 improvement, reform
う
回路かいろ circuit (electric)
1
顧みかえりみ to look back, to turn around, to review

るる
省みかえりみ
るる to reflect
返るかえる to return, to come back, to go back
顔付 (outward) looks, features, face,

かおつき
き countenance, expression
to publish, to print, to carry (an article), to

掲げ
るかかげる put up, to hang out, to hoist, to fly (a sail),
to float (a
踵かかと (shoe) heel
係りかかり official, duty, person in charge
課外かがい extracurricular
書き
取りかきとり dictation
書き to write down, to take dictation, to take

かきとる
取る notes
掻きかきまわ
回すす to stir up, to churn, to ransack, to disturb
欠くかく to lack, to break, to crack, to chip
角かく 1. angle, 2. bishop (shogi)
核かく nucleus, kernel
1
格かく status, character, case
佳句かく beautiful passage of literature
画かく stroke
格差かくさ qualitative difference, disparity
拡散かくさん scattering, diffusion
各種かくしゅ every kind, all sorts
かくしゅ
隔週 every other week
う
確信かくしん conviction, confidence
革新かくしん reform, innovation
definition (math), decision, settlement、確

確定かくてい
定申告(final tax returns)
獲得かくとく acquisition, possession
guarantee, ensure, maintain, insure,

確保かくほ
secure
革命かくめい revolution
確立かくりつ establishment
賭けかけ betting, gambling, a gamble
掛けかけ credit
1
駆けかけあし running fast, double time

足
家計かけい household economy, family finances
駆
けっかけっこ (foot) race
こ
駆け to run (race esp. horse), to gallop, to

かける
る canter
賭け to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to

かける
る gamble
ヶ月かげつ #NAME?
加工かこう manufacturing, processing, treatment
化合かごう chemical combination
嵩張 to be bulky, to be unwieldy, to grow

かさばる
る voluminous
嵩むかさむ to pile up, to increase
かざぐる
風車ま 1. windmill, 2. pinwheel
畏まかしこま
りま certainly!
りました
した
華奢かしゃ delicate, slender, gorgeous
箇所かしょ passage, place, point, part
1
火傷かしょう burn, scald
箇条かじょう itemized form, itemization

書きがき
to chew, to bite (at), to gnaw, to nibble, to

噛るかじる
munch, to crunch, to have a smattering of
faint, dim, weak, indistinct, hazy, poor,

微かかすか
wretched
霞むかすむ to grow hazy, to be misty
to change into, to convert into, to

化す
るかする transform, to be reduced, to influence, to
improve (someone)
to touch lightly, to graze, to take a

掠るかする
percentage (from)
火星かせい Mars (planet)
化石かせき fossil
河川かせん rivers
化繊かせん synthetic fibres
過疎かそ depopulation
過多かた excess, superabundance
難いかたい difficult, hard
片思かたおも unrequited love
1
いい
敵かたき enemy, rival
spirit, character, trait, temperament,

気質きしつ
disposition
a smattering, talk like a baby, speak

片言かたこと
haltingly
片付
けかたづけ tidying up, finishing
to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel

傾くかたぶく over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to
be prone to, to
to incline, to list, to bend, to lean, to tip, to

傾けかたむけ
るる tilt, to slant, to concentrate on, to ruin (a
country), to
固めかためる to harden, to freeze, to fortify

る
to be one-sided, to incline, to be partial, to

偏るかたよる
be prejudiced, to lean, to be biased
傍らかたわら beside(s), while, nearby
課題かだい subject, theme, task
花壇かだん flower bed
家畜かちく domestic animals, livestock, cattle
1
画期かっき epoch-making
活発かっぱつ vigor, active
且つかつ yet, and
divide, cut, halve, separate, split, rip,

割かつ
break, crack, smash, dilute
嘗てかつて once, ever
日付ひづけ date
門かど gate
叶うかなう to come true (wish)
叶え
るかなえる to grant (request wish)
金槌かなづち 1. (iron) hammer, 2. punishment
iron rod, crowbar, horizontal bar

鉄棒かなぼう
(gymnastics)
可成かなり considerably, fairly, quite
becoming a member, joining, entry,

加入かにゅう admission, subscription, affiliation,
adherence, signing
金庫きんこ safe, vault, treasury, provider of funds
予言よげん prediction, promise, prognostication
1
兼ねかねて simultaneously
て
下番かばん going off duty
下品げひん inferior article
華美かび pomp, splendor, gaudiness
花粉かふん pollen
株式かぶしき stock (company)
to react to, to be influenced by, to go

かぶれる
overboard for, to get rashes
貨幣かへい money, currency, coinage
構えかまえ posture, pose, style
構えかまえる to set up
る
加味かみ seasoning, flavoring
噛み
切るかみきる to bite off, to gnaw through
過密かみつ crowded
かめ earthenware pot
かもかもしれ
知れ may, might, perhaps, may be, possibly
ない
ない
1
粥かゆ (rice) gruel
痒いかゆい itchy, itching
揶揄 to ridicule, to tease, to banter with, to

からかう
う make fun of
身体からだ the body
体付からだつ
きき body build, figure
絡むからむ to entangle, to entwine
借りかり borrowing, debt, loan
下吏かり lower official
加留かるた (pt:) (n) playing cards (pt: carta)

多
涸れ
るかれる to dry up, to run out
過労かろう overwork, strain
辛うかろうじ barely, narrowly, just manage to do st

じてて
側かわ side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case
可愛 pretty, cute, lovely, charming, dear,

かわいい
い darling, pet
可愛かわいが to love, to be affectionate

がるる
1
可哀かわいそ poor, pitiable, pathetic

想う
可愛かわいら
らししい lovely, sweet
い
交わ to exchange (messages), to dodge, to

かわす
す parry, to avoid, to turn aside
to take the place of, to relieve, to be

代わ
るかわる substituted for, to be exchanged, to
change places with, to take
代わかわるが
る代わる alternately
わる
乾かん heaven, emperor
管かん pipe, tube
幹かん (tree) trunk
crown, diadem, first, best, peerless, cap,

冠かん naming, designating, initiating on coming
of age, top character ra
観かん look, appearance, spectacle
house, hall, building, hotel, inn,

館かん
guesthouse
簡易かんい SImple, easy, quasi-
感慨かんがい strong feelings, deep emotion
1
寒気かんき cold, frost, chill
簡潔かんけつ brief, concise, simple
還元かんげん Reduce, return
刊行かんこう publication, issue
慣行かんこう customary practice, habit, traditional event
advice, counsel, remonstrance,

勧告かんこく
recommendation
看護かんご nursing, (army) nurse
漢語かんご Chinese word, Sino-Japanese word
換算かんさん conversion, change, exchange
observation, guarding, inspection,

監視かんし
surveillance
かんしゅ
慣習 usual (historical) custom
う
かんしゅ spectators, onlookers, members of the

観衆う audience
かんしょ
干渉 interference, intervention
う
かんしょ
感触く sense of touch, feeling, sensation
肝心かんじん essential, fundamental, crucial, vital, main
1
歓声かんせい cheer, shout of joy
感染かんせん infection, contagion
幹線かんせん main line, trunk line
関税かんぜい customs, duty, tariff
簡素かんそ simplicity, plain
観点かんてん point of view
感度かんど sensitivity, severity (quake)
幹部かんぶ management, (executive) staff, leaders
勘弁かんべん pardon, forgive, excuse
完璧かんぺき perfect, flawless
感無かんむ deep feeling, inexpressible feeling, filled

量りょう with emotion
invitation, solicitation, canvassing,

勧誘かんゆう
inducement, persuasion, encouragement
participation, taking part in, participating

関与かんよ
in, being concerned in
慣用かんよう common, customary
寛容かんよう forbearance, tolerance, generosity
観覧かんらん viewing
1
かんりょ
官僚 bureaucrat, bureaucracy
う
慣例かんれい custom, precedent, of convention
還暦かんれき 60th birthday
貫禄かんろく presence, dignity
緩和かんわ relief, mitigation
蓋がい cover, lid, cap
街がい ~street, ~quarters
外貨がいか imported goods, foreign money
外観がいかん appearance, exterior, facade
がいしょ
外相う Foreign Minister
害す to injure, to damage, to harm, to kill, to

がいする
る hinder
概説がいせつ general statement, outline
corresponding, answering to, coming

該当がいとう
under
街頭がいとう in the street
概念がいねん general idea, concept, notion
外来がいらい imported, outpatient clinic
1
がいりゃ
概略 outline, summary, gist, in brief
く
学芸がくげい arts and sciences, liberal arts
学士がくし university graduate
学説がくせつ theory
楽譜がくふ score (music)
学歴がくれき academic background
崖がけ cliff
雅致がち artistry, good taste, elegance, grace
がっくり heartbroken
がっしょ
合唱う chorus, singing in a chorus
がっしり firmly, solidly, tough
合致がっち agreement, concurrence, conforming to
がっちり solidly built, tightly, shrewd, calculating
月日がっぴ (the) date
combination, union, amalgamation,

合併がっぺい consolidation, merger, coalition, fusion,
annexation, affiliation, incorpor
がる feel
1
側がわ side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case
癌がん cancer
眼科がんか ophthalmology
がんきゅ
眼球 eyeball
う
がんきょ
眼鏡う spectacles, glasses
頑固がんこ stubbornness, obstinacy
願書がんしょ written application or petition
がんじょ
頑丈 solid, firm, stout, burly, strong, sturdy
う
岩石がんせき rock
元年がんねん first year (of a specific reign)
贋物がんぶつ imitation, counterfeit, forgery, sham
originally, primarily, essentially, logically,

元来がんらい
naturally
生き pure, undiluted, raw, crude
期き period, time
企画きかく planning, project
規格きかく standard, norm
1
着飾きかざる to dress up
る
器官きかん organ (of body), instrument
季刊きかん quarterly (e.g. magazine)
危害きがい injury, harm, danger
hesitance, diffidence, feeling constraint,

気兼
ねきがね fear of troubling someone, having
scruples about doing someth
気軽きがる cheerful, buoyant, lighthearted
危機きき crisis
聞き
取りききとり listening comprehension
効きききめ effect, virtue, efficacy, impression

目
帰京ききょう returning to Tokyo
基金ききん fund, foundation
棄権きけん abstain from voting, renunciation of a right
喜劇きげき comedy, funny show
起源きげん origin, beginning, rise
機構きこう mechanism, organization
既婚きこん marriage, married
1
記載きさい mention, entry
気障きざ affectation, conceit, snobbery
兆しきざし signs, omen, symptoms
兆きざし signs, omen, symptoms
軋むきしむ to jar, to creak, to grate,to screech
気象きしょう weather, climate
期日きじつ fixed date, settlement date
記述きじゅつ describing, descriptor
奇数きすう odd number
築くきずく to build, to pile up, to amass
傷付きずつく to be hurt, to be wounded, to get injured

く
規制きせい regulation
汽船きせん steamship
寄贈きぞう donation, presentation
貴族きぞく noble, aristocrat
鍛え to forge, to drill, to temper, to train, to

きたえる
る discipline
来るきたる to come, to arrive, to be due to, to be next,
1
to be forthcoming
気立きだて disposition, nature

て
きちっと exactly, perfectly
几帳きちょう
面めん methodical, punctual, steady
切っ chance, start, cue, excuse, motive,

きっかけ
掛け impetus, occasion
きっかり exactly, precisely
喫茶きっさ tea drinking, tea house
きっちり precisely, tightly
1. (uk) surely, undoubtedly, certainly,

屹度きっと
without fail, 2. sternly, severely
きっぱり clearly, plainly, distinctly
規定きてい regulation, provisions
起点きてん starting point
軌道きどう orbit, railroad track
1st in rank, first sign of the Chinese

甲きのえ
calendar, shell, instep, grade A
気配きはい indication, market trend, worry
規範きはん model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion,
1
example
気品きひん elegance
気風きふう character, traits, ethos
起伏きふく undulation
規模きぼう scale, scope, plan, structure
気ま whim, caprice, whimsy, fickle, moody,

きまぐれ
ぐれ uneven temper
生真 too serious, person who is too serious,

きまじめ
面目 honesty, sincerity
期末きまつ end of term
決まきまりわ
り悪 feeling awkward, being ashamed
るい
い
決ま to be decided, to be settled, to look good

きまる
る in (clothes)
記名きめい signature, register
きゃく
脚色 dramatization (e.g. film)
しょく
きゃくほ
脚本ん Scenario,screenplay
きゃっか
客観 objective
ん
1
規約きやく agreement, rules, code
きゅうえ
救援 relief, rescue, reinforcement
ん
きゅうが temporary absence from school,

休学く suspension
きゅう
究極 ultimate, final, eventual
きょく
きゅうく narrow, tight, stiff, rigid, uneasy, formal,

窮屈つ constrained
きゅうこ
球根 (plant) bulb
ん
きゅうさ
救済い relief, aid, rescue, salvation, help
きゅう
給食 school lunch, providing a meal
しょく
給仕きゅうじ office boy (girl), page, waiter
きゅうせ
休戦ん truce, armistice
旧知きゅうち old friend, old friendship
きゅうで
宮殿 palace
ん
きゅうぼ
窮乏う Extreme poverty
丘陵きゅう hill
1
りょう
both, neither (neg), all, and, as well as,

共きょう including, with, together with, plural
ending
offer, present, submit, serve (a meal),

供きょう
supply
驚異きょうい wonder, miracle
きょうい
教員 teaching staff
ん
教科きょうか subject, curriculum
きょうか
協会い association, society, organization
きょうか
共感 sympathy, response
ん
きょうが
共学く coeducation
conference, consultation, discussion,

協議きょうぎ
negotiation
きょうく
教訓ん lesson, precept, moral instruction
きょうぐ
境遇 environment, circumstances
う
きょうこ
強行う forcing, enforcement
1
きょうこ firm, vigorous, unbending, unyielding,

強硬う strong, stubborn
きょうさ
凶作く bad harvest, poor crop
きょうさ
共産 communism
ん
きょうざ
教材い teaching materials
きょう
教習 training, instruction
しゅう
きょう
郷愁しゅう homesickness
きょう teaching certificate, the teaching

教職しょく profession
きょう reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being

享受じゅ given
興じきょうじ to amuse oneself, to make merry,to enjoy

るる
きょうせ obligation, coercion, compulsion,

強制い enforcement
きょうそ
共存 coexistence
ん
姉妹しまい sisters
きょう co-operation, conciliation, harmony, firm

協調ちょう (market) tone
1
きょうて
協定 arrangement, pact, agreement
い
きょうは
脅迫く threat, menace, coercion, terrorism
きょうめ
共鳴 resonance, sympathy
い
郷里きょうり birth-place, home town
きょうれ
強烈つ strong, intense, severe
共和きょうわ republicanism, cooperation
曲きょく tune, piece of music
きょくげ
局限 limit, localize
ん
きょくた
極端ん extreme, extremity
きょじゅ
居住 residence
う
拒絶きょぜつ refusal, rejection
拒否きょひ denial, veto, rejection, refusal
許容きょよう permission, pardon
距離きょり distance, range
寄与きよ contribution, service
1
清らきよらか clean, pure, chaste

か
気楽きらく at ease, comfortable
煌びきらびや
やかか gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling, gay
limits, end, bounds, period, place to leave

切りきり off, closing sentence, all there is, only,
since
桐きり paulownia tree
切り to change, to exchange, to convert, to

きりかえ
替える renew, to throw a switch, to replace, to
る switch over
気流きりゅう atmospheric current
奇麗きれい pretty, clean, nice, tidy, beautiful, fair
break, pause, gap, end, rift, interruption,

切れ
目きれめ cut, section, notch, incision, end (of a
task)
際きわ edge, brink, verge, side
木綿きわた cotton
極めきわめて exceedingly, extremely

て
僅きん a little, small quantity
近眼きんがん nearsightedness, shortsightedness,
1
myopia
きんきゅ
緊急 urgent, pressing, emergency
う
近々きんきん nearness, before long
近郊きんこう suburbs, outskirts
均衡きんこう equilibrium, balance
近視きんし shortsightedness
禁じ
るきんじる to prohibit
禁ずきんずる to forbid, to suppress

る
勤勉きんべん industry, diligence
勤務きんむ service, duty, work
禁物きんもつ taboo, forbidden thing
勤労きんろう labor, exertion, diligent service
議案ぎあん legislative bill
戯曲ぎきょく play, drama
議決ぎけつ resolution, decision, vote
議事
堂ぎじどう Diet building
1
犠牲ぎせい sacrifice
forgery, falsification, fabrication,

偽造ぎぞう
counterfeiting
議題ぎだい topic of discussion, agenda
技能ぎのう technical skill, ability, capacity
ぎゃくて (sudden) change, reversal, turn-around,

逆転ん coming from behind (baseball)
行ぎょう line, row, verse
ぎょう
業者 trader, merchant
しゃ
ぎょうせ
行政い administration
ぎょうせ achievement, performance, results, work,

業績き contribution
業務ぎょうむ business, affairs, duties, work
玉ぎょく king (shogi)
漁船ぎょせん fishing boat
漁村ぎょそん fishing village
duty, sense of duty, honor, decency,

義理ぎり courtesy, debt of gratitude, social
obligation
1
疑惑ぎわく doubt, misgivings, distrust, suspicion
吟味ぎんみ testing, scrutiny, careful investigation
区く ward, district, section
食いくいちが to cross each other, to run counter to, to

違うう differ, to clash, to go awry
空腹くうふく hunger
division, section, compartment, boundary,

区画くかく
area, block
区間くかん section (of track etc)
茎くき stalk
区切くぎり an end, a stop, punctuation

り
1. to drive, to pass through, 2. to evade, to

潜るくぐる hide, 3. to dive (into or under water), to go
underground
種々くさぐさ variety
嚏くしゃみ sneeze
旧事くじ past events, bygones
籤引くじびき lottery, drawn lot
擽くすぐっ
ぐったい ticklish
たい
1
草臥くたびれ to get tired, to wear out

れるる
下らくだらな
ないい good-for-nothing, stupid, trivial, worthless
example, precedent, the usual, the said,

件くだん
the above-mentioned, (man) in question
口ずくちずさ
さむむ to hum something, to sing to oneself
嘴くちばし beak, bill
朽ちくちる to rot
る
くっきり distinctly, clearly, boldly
屈折くっせつ bending, indentation, refraction
くっ
付くくっつく to adhere to, to keep close to
くっくっつけ
付け to attach
る
る
くつがえ to overturn, to upset, to overthrow, to

覆すす undermine
諄いくどい verbose, importunate, heavy (taste)
くにざか
国境 national or state border
い
首飾くびかざ necklace
1
りり
首輪くびわ necklace, choker
組みくみあわ
合わせ combination
せ
組みくみあわ
合わ to join together, to combine, to join up
せる
せる
組み
込むくみこむ to insert, to include, to cut in (printing)
warehouse, cellar, magazine, granary,

蔵くら
godown, depository, treasury, elevator
苦しくるしめ
めるる to torment, to harass, to inflict pain
to be engulfed in, to be enveloped by, to

包むくるむ wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to
cover with, to dress i
呉れくれぐれ
呉れ repeatedly, sincerely, earnestly
も
も
呉れ to give, to let one have, to do for one, to

くれる
る be given
玄人くろうと expert, professional, geisha, prostitute
黒字くろじ balance (figure) in the black
君主くんしゅ ruler, monarch
1
愚痴ぐち idle complaint, grumble
ぐっと firmly, fast, much, more
ぐらい approximately
群ぐん group (math)
軍艦ぐんかん warship, battleship
ぐんしゅ (social) group, crowd, throng, mob,

群集う multitude
軍事ぐんじ military affairs
軍備ぐんび armaments, military preparations
軍服ぐんぷく military or naval uniform
刑けい penalty, sentence, punishment
頃けい time, about, toward, approximately (time)
傾けい lean, incline
系けい system, lineage, group
経過けいか passage, expiration, progress
rhythmical (e.g. melody), casual (e.g.

軽快けいかい
dress), light, nimble
警戒けいかい warning, admonition, vigilance
計器けいき meter, gauge
1
契機けいき opportunity, chance
敬具けいぐ Sincerely yours
軽減けいげん abatement
掲載けいさい appearance (e.g. article in paper)
傾斜けいしゃ inclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip
形成けいせい formation
形勢けいせい condition, situation, prospects
軽率けいそつ rash, thoughtless, careless, hasty
携帯けいたい carrying something
形態けいたい form, shape, figure
刑罰けいばつ judgement, penalty, punishment
経費けいひ expenses, cost, outlay
警部けいぶ police inspector
軽蔑けいべつ scorn, disdain
経歴けいれき personal history, career
経路けいろ course, route, channel
汚すけがす to disgrace, to dishonour
汚らけがらわ filthy, unfair
1
わししい
い
汚れけがれ uncleanness, impurity, disgrace
汚れ
るけがれる to get dirty, to become dirty
けもの、
獣 beast, brute
けだもの
stinginess, miser, miserliness, skinflint,

吝嗇けち
tightwad, niggard, pinching pennies
結核けっかく tuberculosis, tubercule
血管けっかん blood vessel
doing (with resolve), carrying out (i.e. a

決行けっこう
plan)
決算けっさん balance sheet, settlement of accounts
けっしょ
決勝う decision of a contest, finals (in sports)
けっしょ
結晶 crystal, crystallization
う
結成けっせい formation
結束けっそく union, unity
傑けつ excellence
決意けつい decision, determination
1
決議けつぎ resolution, vote, decision
結合けつごう combination, union
決断けつだん decision, determination
欠乏けつぼう want, shortage, famine
蹴飛 to kick away, to kick off, to kick

けとばす
ばす (someone), to refuse, to reject
貶すけなす to speak ill of
煙た
いけむたい smoky, feeling awkward
煙るけむる to smoke (e.g. fire)
家来けらい retainer, retinue, servant
けれど but, however
圏けん sphere, circle, range
権けん authority, the right (to do something)
権威けんい authority, power, influence
けんぎょ
兼業 side line, second business
う
権限けんげん power, authority, jurisdiction
健在けんざい in good health, well
懸賞けんしょ offering prizes, winning, reward
1
検事けんじ public prosecutor
健全けんぜん health, soundness, wholesome
見地けんち point of view
賢明けんめい wisdom, intelligence, prudence
倹約けんやく thrift, economy, frugality
multi-use, combined use, combination,

兼用けんよう
serving two purposes
けんりょ
権力 power, authority, influence
く
劇団げきだん troupe, theatrical company
激励げきれい encouragement
月謝げっしゃ monthly (tuition) fee
げっそり being disheartened, losing weight
月賦げっぷ monthly installment
下痢げり diarrhoea
original, primitive, primary, fundamental,

原げん
raw
原形げんけい original form, base form
1
現行げんこう present, current, in operation
原作げんさく original work
原子げんし atom
元首げんしゅ ruler, sovereign
原書げんしょ original document
げんしょ
減少 decrease, reduction, decline
う
現場げんば actual spot, scene, scene of the crime
元素げんそ chemical element
原則げんそく principle, general rule
現像げんぞう developing (film)
現地げんち actual place, local
限定げんてい limit, restriction
原点げんてん origin (coordinates), starting point
原典げんてん original (text)
減点げんてん subtract, give a demerit
原爆げんばく atomic bomb
原文げんぶん the text, original
1
厳密げんみつ strict, close
原油げんゆ crude oil
言論げんろん discussion
故こ the late (deceased)
戸こ counter for houses
児こ child, the young of animals
拗らこじらせ Make worse, worsen a situation

せるる
恋す
るこいする to fall in love with, to love
10^38, hundred undecillion (American),

溝こう
hundred sextillion (British)
校こう -school, proof
好意こうい good will, favor, courtesy
行為こうい act, deed, conduct
行員こういん bank clerk
交易こうえき trade, commerce
公演こうえん public performance
後悔こうかい regret, repentance
公開こうかい presenting to the public
1
航海こうかい sail, voyage
工学こうがく engineering
皇居こうきょ Imperial Palace
こうきょ
好況 prosperous conditions, healthy economy
う
抗議こうぎ protest, objection
こうぎょ
鉱業う mining industry
こうぎょ
興業 industrial enterprise
う
高原こうげん tableland, plateau
煌々こうこう
とと brilliantly, brightly
考古こうこが archaeology
学く
交互こうご mutual, reciprocal, alternate
work, construction, handicraft,

工作こうさく
maneuvering
耕作こうさく cultivation, farming
鉱山こうざん mine (ore)
こうしゅ
講習 short course, training
う
1
こうしょ
交渉 negotiations, discussions, connection
う
こうしょ
高尚う high, noble, refined, advanced
行進こうしん march, parade
香辛こうしん spices
料りょう
こうじゅ
口述つ verbal statement
控除こうじょ subsidy, deduction
こうじょ elevation, rise, improvement,

向上う advancement, progress
降水こうすい rainfall, precipitation
洪水こうずい flood
公然こうぜん open (e.g. secret), public, official
抗争こうそう dispute, resistance
構想こうそう plan, plot, idea, conception
拘束こうそく restriction, restraint
後退こうたい retreat, backspace (BS)
brilliance, polish, lustre, glossy finish (of

光沢こうたく
photographs)
1
公団こうだん public corporation
こうちょ favourable, promising, satisfactory, in

好調う good shape
口頭こうとう oral
講読こうどく reading, translation
購読こうどく subscription (e.g. magazine)
こうにゅ
購入う purchase, buy
official recognition, authorization, licence,

公認こうにん
accreditation
光熱こうねつ
費ひ cost of fuel and light
荒廃こうはい ruin
購買こうばい purchase, buy
こうひょ
好評 popularity, favorable reputation
う
交付こうふ delivering, furnishing (with copies)
降伏こうふく capitulation, surrender, submission
興奮こうふん excitement, stimulation, agitation, arousal
公募こうぼ public offering(e.g.,新規株式公募)
巧妙こうみょ ingenious, skillful, clever, deft
1
government business, public use, public

公用こうよう
expense
小売こうり retail
効率こうりつ efficiency
公立こうりつ public (institution)
小柄こがら short (build)
小切こぎって cheque, check

手
国産こくさん domestic products
国定こくてい state-sponsored, national
国土こくど realm
告白こくはく confession, acknowledgement
国防こくぼう national defence
国有こくゆう national ownership
国連こくれん U.N., United Nations
漕ぐこぐ to row, to scull, to paddle （漕ぎ渡る）
焦げ
茶こげちゃ black tea
個々ここ individual, one by one
1
箇箇ここ individual, separate
心地ここち feeling, sensation, mood
心得こころえ knowledge, information
心掛こころが readiness, intention, aim

けけ
心掛こころが
けるける to bear in mind, to aim to do
こころざ
志 will, intention, motive
し
こころざ to plan, to intend, to aspire to, to set aims

志すす (sights on)
心強こころづ heartening, reassuring

いよい
心細こころぼ helpless, forlorn, hopeless, unpromising,

いそい lonely, discouraging, disheartening
試みこころみ trial, experiment
試みこころみ to try, to test

るる
こころよ
快いい pleasant, agreeable
凝らこごらす to freeze, to congeal

す
凝るこごる to congeal, to freeze
1
拵えこしらえ to make, to manufacture

るる
孤児こじ orphan
拗れ
るこじれる to get complicated, to grow worse
故人こじん the deceased, old friend
梢こずえ treetop
個性こせい individuality, personality, idiosyncrasy
戸籍こせき census, family register
小銭こぜに coins, small change
固体こたい solid (body)
答えこたえ answer, response
to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with,

堪え
るこたえる to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave,
to be fit for, t
table with heater, (orig) charcoal brazier in

火燵こたつ
a floor well
古代こだい ancient times
to fuss over, to be particular about, to be

こだわる
concerned about
誇張こちょう exaggeration
1
funny, humorous, comical, laughable,

滑稽こっけい ridiculous, joking (e.g.,道化師の滑稽な仕
草)
国交こっこう diplomatic relations
骨董こっとう
品ひん curio
骨こつ knack, skill
固定こてい fixation
事柄ことがら matter, thing, affair, circumstance
ことごと
悉く altogether, entirely
く
言伝ことづて declaration, hearsay
殊にことに especially, above all
事にことによ
よるると depending on the circumstances
と
孤独こどく isolation, loneliness, solitude
粉々こなごな in very small pieces
此のこの this
このこのあい the other day, lately, recently

間だ
このこのごろ recently
1
好まこのまし
しいい nice, likeable, desirable
個別こべつ particular case
零すこぼす to spill
零れこぼれる to overflow, to spill

る
細や
かこまやか friendly
混むこむ to be crowded
込めこめる to include, to put into

る
to seclude oneself, to be confined in, to be

篭るこもる
implied, to be stuffy
characteristic, tradition, peculiar, inherent,

固有こゆう
eigen-
雇用こよう employment (long term), hire
暦こよみ calendar, almanac

堪え
るこらえる to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave,
to be fit for, t
孤立こりつ isolation, helplessness
1
懲りこりる to learn a lesson, to have enough of

る
此れこれ this
此れ
等これら these
魂こん soul, spirit
根気こんき patience, perseverance, energy
根拠こんきょ basis, foundation
混血こんけつ mixed race, mixed parentage
こんちゅ
昆虫 insect, bug
う
根底こんてい root, basis, foundation
混同こんどう confusion, mixing, merger
今日こんにち
はは hello, good day (daytime greeting id)
今晩こんばん good evening

はは
origin, source, foundation, root, base,

根本こんぽん
principle
御ご go-, honourable
語彙ごい vocabulary, glossary
1
濠ごう moat
Buddhist karma, actions committed in a

業ごう
former life
号ごう number, issue
agreement, consent, mutual

合意ごうい
understanding
合議ごうぎ consultation, conference
強気ごうぎ great, grand
synthesis, composition, synthetic,

合成ごうせい
composite, mixed, combined, compound
護衛ごえい guard, convoy, escort
語句ごく words, phrases
極楽ごくらく paradise
ご苦ごくろう
労様さま Thank you very much for your....
語源ごげん word root, word derivation, etymology
誤差ごさ error
ご座ございま
いま to be (polite), to exist
す
す
ご馳
走ごちそう feast, treating (someone)
1
ご馳ごちそう
走さ feast
さま
ま
毎ごと each respectively
碁盤ごばん Go board
ご無
沙汰ごぶさた not writing or contacting for a while
誤魔ごまかす to deceive, to falsify, to misrepresent

化す
御免ごめんく
くだださい May I come in?
さい
御免ごめんな
なさ I beg your pardon, excuse me
さい
い
御覧ごらんな
なささい (please) look, (please) try to do
い
佐さ help
再さい re-, again, repeated
差異さい difference, disparity
歳さい #NAME?
再会さいかい another meeting, meeting again, reunion
災害さいがい calamity, disaster, misfortune
1
細菌さいきん bacillus, bacterium, germ
細工さいく work, craftsmanship, tactics, trick
採掘さいくつ mining
採決さいけつ vote, roll call
再建さいけん rebuilding, reconstruction, rehabilitation
reappearance, reproduction, return,

再現さいげん
revival
採算さいさん profit
さいしゅ
採集う collecting, gathering
playback, regeneration, resuscitation,

再生さいせい return to life, rebirth, reincarnation, narrow
escape, reclamation, r
最善さいぜん the very best
採択さいたく adoption, selection, choice
再発さいはつ return, relapse, reoccurrence
栽培さいばい cultivation
細胞さいぼう cell (biology)
採用さいよう use, adopt
遮るさえぎる to interrupt, to intercept, to obstruct
1
囀るさえずる to sing, to chirp, to twitter
冴え to be clear, to be serene, to be cold, to be

さえる
る skillful
竿さお rod, pole (e.g. for drying laundry)
栄え
るさかえる to prosper, to flourish
杯さかずき wine cups
逆立さかだち handstand, headstand

ち
逆上さかのぼ to go back, to go upstream, to make

るる retroactive
to prosper, to flourish, to copulate

盛るさかる
(animals)
差額さがく balance, difference, margin
下が to hang down, to abate, to retire, to fall, to

るさがる
step back
一昨さきおと two days before yesterday

昨日とい
before, earlier than, ahead, beyond, away,

先にさきに
previously, recently
詐欺さぎ fraud, swindle
作さく a work, a harvest
1
策さく plan, policy
柵さく fence, paling
削減さくげん cut, reduction, curtailment
錯誤さくご mistake
military or naval operations, tactics,

作戦さくせん
strategy
作物さくぶつ literary work
叫びさけび shout, scream, outcry
裂け
るさける to split, to tear, to burst
捧げ to lift up, to give, to offer, to consecrate, to

ささげる
る devote, to sacrifice, to dedicate
差しさしかか
掛かる to come near to, to approach
る
指図さしず instruction, mandate, order, command
差しさしだす to present, to submit, to tender, to hold out

出す
差しさしつか
支ええる to interfere, to hinder, to become impeded
る
差しさしひく to deduct
引く
1
些事さじ something small or petty, trifle
授けさずける to grant, to award, to teach

る
嘸さぞ I am sure, certainly, no doubt
定ま
るさだまる to become settled, to be fixed
定めさだめる to decide, to establish, to determine

る
錯覚さっかく optical illusion, hallucination
さっきゅ
早急う urgent
察す to guess, to sense, to presume, to judge,

さっする
る to sympathize with
さっと quickly, suddenly
冊さつ counter for books
殺人さつじん murder
偖さて well, now, then
to attain enlightenment, to perceive, to

悟るさとる
understand, to discern
真実さな truth, reality
裁くさばく to judge
1
錆びさび rust (colour)
左程さほど (not) very, (not) much
様さま Mr. or Mrs., manner, kind, appearance
三味さみせん three-stringed Japanese guitar, shamisen

線
侍さむらい Samurai, warrior
然もさも with gusto, with satisfaction
作用さよう action, operation, effect, function
左様さような
ならら good-bye
to carry off, to run away with, to kidnap, to

拐うさらう
abduct
爽や fresh, refreshing, invigorating, clear,

さわやか
か fluent, eloquent
to hinder, to interfere with, to affect, to do

障るさわる
one harm, to be harmful to
酸さん acid
さん Mr or Mrs
酸化さんか oxidation
山岳さんがく mountains
産休さんきゅ maternity leave
1
さんきょ
桟橋う wharf, bridge, jetty, pier
参議さんぎい House of Councillors

院ん
産後さんご postpartum, after childbirth
さんしゅ
産出つ yield, produce
さんしょ
参照 reference, consultation, consultation
う
さんじょ
参上う calling on, visiting
賛成さんせい approval, agreement, support, favour
賛美さんび praise, adoration, glorification
産婦さんふじ maternity and gynecology department

人科んか
産物さんぶつ product, result, fruit
山腹さんぷく hillside, mountainside
さんみゃ
山脈く mountain range
財ざい fortune, riches
財源ざいげん source of funds, resources, finances
1
在庫ざいこ stockpile, stock
財政ざいせい economy, financial affairs
座談ざだんか symposium, round-table discussion

会い
miscellaneous goods, general goods,

雑貨ざっか
sundries
雑ざつ rough, crude
雑談ざつだん chatting, idle talk
various kinds of small trees, assorted

雑木ざつぼく
trees
座標ざひょう coordinate(s)
残金ざんきん remaining money
残酷ざんこく cruelty, harshness
残高ざんだか (bank) balance, remainder
死し death, decease
10^24 (kanji is JIS X 0212 kuten 4906),

し
septillion (American), quadrillion (British)
次じ order, sequence, times, next, below
仕上しあがり finish, end, completion

がり
仕上しあげ end, finishing touches, being finished
1
仕上
げるしあげる to finish up, to complete
明々しあさっ two days after tomorrow

後日て
飼育しいく breeding, raising, rearing
強い
てしいて by force
強いしいる to force, to compel, to coerce

る
仕入 to lay in stock, to replenish stock, to

しいれる
れる procure
しいんと silent (as the grave), (deathly) quiet
歯科しか dentistry
資格しかく qualifications, requirements, capabilities
視覚しかく sense of sight, vision
device, trick, mechanism, gadget, (small)

仕掛
けしかけ scale, half finished, commencement, set
up, challenge
仕掛 to commence, to lay (mines), to set

しかける
ける (traps), to wage (war), to challenge
然ししかし however, but
1
然ししかしな
なが nevertheless, however
がら
ら
moreover, furthermore, nevertheless, and

而もしかも
yet
市街しがい urban areas, the streets, town, city
指揮しき command, direction
色彩しきさい colour, hue, tints
しきじょ ceremonial hall, place of ceremony (e.g.

式場う marriage)
為来
りしきたり customs
頻り frequently, repeatedly, incessantly,

しきりに
に eagerly
仕切 to partition, to divide, to mark off, to settle

しきる
る accounts, to toe the mark
資金しきん funds, capital
施行しっこう 1. execution, enforcing, carrying out
しくじる to fail, to fall through, to blunder
仕組 devising, plan, plot, contrivance,

しくみ
み construction, arrangement
死刑しけい death penalty, capital punishment
1
湿気しける to be damp, to be moist

る
思考しこう thought
志向しこう intention, aim
嗜好しこう taste, liking, preference
視察しさつ inspection, observation
資産しさん property, fortune, means, assets
刺繍ししゅう embroidery
支持しじ support, maintenance
指示しじ indication, instruction, directions
雫しずく drop (of water)
沈め
るしずめる to sink, to submerge
institution, establishment, facility, (army)

施設しせつ
engineer
子息しそく son
to yearn for, to miss, to adore, to love

慕うしたう
dearly
従っしたがっ therefore, consequently, in accordance

てて with
下心したごこ secret intention, motive
1
親し
むしたしむ to be intimate with, to befriend
下調したしら preliminary investigation, preparation

べべ
groundwork, foundation, inclination,

下地したじ aptitude, elementary knowledge of,
grounding in, prearrangement, spade
認めしたため
るる to write up
仕立 to tailor, to make, to prepare, to train, to

したてる
てる send (a messenger)
下取
りしたどり trade in, part exchange
下火したび burning low, waning, declining, die down
disqualification, elimination, incapacity

失格しっかく
(legal)
firmly, tightly, reliable, level-headed,

確りしっかり
steady
質素しっそ simplicity, modesty, frugality
しっちょ
失調 lack of harmony
う
嫉妬しっと jealousy
1
尻尾しっぽ tail (animal)
室しつ room
質疑しつぎ question
home discipline, training, upbringing,

躾しつけ
breeding
仕付 to be used to a job, to begin to do, to

しつける
ける baste, to tack, to plant
指摘してき pointing out, identification
視点してん opinion, point of view, visual point
萎びしなびる to wilt, to fade, to shrivel up

る
嫋かしなやか supple, flexible, elastic
excreta, raw sewage, human waste, night

屎尿しにょう
soil
to outdo, to surpass, to endure, to keep

凌ぐしのぐ out (rain), to stave off, to tide over, to pull
through, to defy, t
始発しはつ first train
芝しば lawn, sod, turf
屡しばしば often, again and again, frequently
暫くしばらく little while
1
痺れ to become numb, to go to sleep (i.e. a

しびれる
る limb)
1. tasteful (clothing), cool, an aura of

渋いしぶい refined masculinity, 2. astringent, sullen,
bitter (taste), 3
私物しぶつ private property, personal effects
しぶとい tenacious, stubborn
司法しほう administration of justice
脂肪しぼう fat, grease, blubber
志望しぼう wish, desire, ambition
萎むしぼむ to wither, to fade (away), to shrivel, to wilt
仕舞しまい end, termination, informal (Noh play)
仕舞 to finish, to close, to do something

しまう
う completely, to put away, to put an end to
しまった Damn it!
management, dealing, settlement,

始末しまつ
cleaning up afterwards
泌み
泌みしみじみ keenly, deeply, heartily
染みしみる to pierce, to permeate

る
1
使命しめい mission, errand, message
締め closing, cut-off, end, deadline, Closed, No

しめきり
切り Entrance
僕しもべ manservant, servant (of God)
社交しゃこう social life, social intercourse
謝絶しゃぜつ refusal
社宅しゃたく company owned house
しゃっく
吃逆り hiccough, hiccup
喋るしゃべる to talk, to chat, to chatter
斜面しゃめん slope, slanting surface, bevel
洒落しゃらく frank, open-hearted
洒落しゃれる to joke, to play on words, to dress stylishly

る
視野しや field of vision, outlook
種しゅ kind, variety, species
衆しゅう masses, great number, the people
circuit, lap, circumference, vicinity, Chou

周しゅう
(dynasty)
しゅうえ
収益 earnings, proceeds, returns
き
1
しゅうが
修学 learning
く
周期しゅうき cycle, period
衆議しゅうぎ
院いん Lower House, House of Representatives
しゅう
就業 employment, starting work
ぎょう
しゅう pursuit of knowledge, studying, learning,

修行ぎょう training, ascetic practice, discipline
しゅうけ
集計 totalization, aggregate
い
しゅうげ
襲撃き attack, charge, raid
収支しゅうし income and expenditure
beginning and end, from beginning to end,

終始しゅうし
doing a thing from beginning to end
修士しゅうし Masters degree program
しゅう
収集しゅう gathering up, collection, accumulation
ornamentation, embellishment,
しゅう
修飾しょく decoration, adornment, polish up (writing),
modification (gram)
しゅうじ
終日 all day
つ
1
しゅう
執着 attachment, adhesion, tenacity
じゃく
accommodation, reception, seating,

しゅうよ
収容う housing, custody, admission, entering (in
a dictionary)
しゅう
修了りょう completion (of a course)
守衛しゅえい security guard, doorkeeper
主演しゅえん starring, playing the leading part
主観しゅかん subjectivity, subject, ego
祝賀しゅくが celebration, congratulations
しゅくめ
宿命 fate, destiny, predestination
い
主権しゅけん sovereignty, supremacy, dominion
手芸しゅげい handicrafts
主催しゅさい organization, sponsorship
取材しゅざい choice of subject, collecting data
趣旨しゅし object, meaning
しゅしょ
主食く staple food
主人しゅじん protagonist, main character, hero(ine) (of

公こう a story), head of household
1
主体しゅたい subject, main constituent
主題しゅだい subject, theme, motif
しゅっけ
出血 bleeding, haemorrhage
つ
しゅっさ
出産ん (child)birth, delivery, production (of goods)
しゅっ
出社 arrival (in a country at work etc.)
しゃ
しゅっ
出生しょう birth
promotion, successful in life (e.g. career),

出世しゅっせ
eminence
出費しゅっぴ expenses, disbursements
しゅっぴ
出品ん exhibit, display
しゅつえ
出演 performance, stage appearance
ん
しゅつだ
出題い proposing a question
しゅつど
出動 sailing, marching, going out
う
主導しゅどう main leadership
主任しゅにん person in charge, responsible official
1
首脳しゅのう head, brains
守備しゅび defense
手法しゅほう technique
私有しゆう private ownership
諸しょ various, many, several
背負 to be burdened with, to carry on back or

せおう
う shoulder
象しょう phenomenon
症しょう illness
wound, injury, hurt, cut, gash, bruise,

傷しょう
scratch, scar, weak point
商しょう quotient
しょう elimination, erasing, dying out, melting

消去きょ away
しょうげ
衝撃き shock, crash, impact, ballistic
しょうげ
証言 evidence, testimony
ん
証拠しょうこ evidence, proof
しょうこ
消耗う exhaustion, consumption
1
しょうご
照合 collation, comparison
う
しょうさ
詳細い detail, particulars
しょうし
昇進 promotion
ん
しょうす
少数う minority, few
称すしょうす to pretend, to take the name of, to feign,

るる to purport
しょうそ
消息く news, letter, circumstances, information
しょうだ
承諾 consent, acquiescence, agreement
く
しょう
象徴ちょう symbol
小児しょうに pediatrics
科か
しょうに
証人ん witness
しょうめ
照明 illumination
い
勝利しょうり victory, triumph, conquest, success, win
しょうれ encouragement, promotion, message,

奨励い address
1
しょくい
職員 staff member, personnel
ん
植民しょくみ
地んち colony
職務しょくむ professional duties
諸君しょくん Gentlemen!, Ladies!
所在しょざい whereabouts
所々しょしょ here and there, some parts (of something)
所持しょじ possession, owning
所属しょぞく attached to, belong to
処置しょち a measure, disposal, treatment, a step
しょっ always, constantly

ちゅう
所定しょてい fixed, prescribed, designated, appointed
所得しょとく income, earnings
初版しょはん first edition
処罰しょばつ punishment
しょひょ
書評う book review
処分しょぶん disposal, dealing, punishment
1
庶民しょみん masses, common people
庶務しょむ general affairs
私用しよう personal use, private business
way, method, resource, remedy,

仕様しよう
(technical) specification
使用しように
人ん employee, servant
調べしらべ preparation, investigation, inspection
知りしりあい acquaintance
合い
退くしりぞく to retreat, to recede, to withdraw
退けしりぞけ
るる to repel, to drive away
記すしるす to note, to write down
指令しれい orders, instructions, directive
代しろ price, materials, substitution
皺しわ wrinkles, creases
新しん new
進化しんか evolution, progress
殿しんがり rear, rear unit guard （行列のしんがり）
1
審議しんぎ deliberation
進行しんこう advance
新興しんこう rising, developing, emergent
振興しんこう promotion, encouragement
report, statement, filing a return,

申告しんこく
notification
新婚しんこん newly-wed
judging, inspection, examination,

審査しんさ
investigation
紳士しんし gentleman
しんしゅ
進出 advance, step forward
つ
信者しんじゃ believer, adherent, devotee, Christian
真珠しんじゅ pearl
しんじゅ
心中う double suicide, lovers suicide
しんじょ
心情 mentality
う
新人しんじん new face, newcomer
神聖しんせい holiness, sacredness, dignity
親善しんぜん friendship
1
真相しんそう truth, real situation
新築しんちく new building, new construction
進呈しんてい presentation
進展しんてん progress, development
神殿しんでん temple, sacred place
進度しんど progress
振動しんどう oscillation, vibration
新入しんにゅ freshman, first-year student

生うせい
信任しんにん trust, confidence, credence
refereeing, trial, judgement, umpire,

審判しんばん
referee
神秘しんぴ mystery
辛抱しんぼう patience, endurance
真理しんり truth
しんりゃ
侵略 aggression, invasion, raid
く
しんりょ medical examination and treatment,

診療う diagnosis
進路しんろ course, route
1
自覚じかく self-conscious
地方ちほう area, locality, district, region, the coast
自我じが self, the ego
磁気じき magnetism
磁器じき porcelain, china
project, enterprise, business, industry,

事業じぎょう
operations
地形ちけい terrain, geographical features, topography
軸じく axis, stem, shaft, axle
自己じこ self, oneself
事項じこう matter, item, facts
時刻じこく
表ひょう table, diagram, chart, timetable, schedule
地獄じごく hell
時差じさ time difference
自在じざい freely, at will, voluntary
自主じしゅ independence, autonomy
自首じしゅ surrender, give oneself up
辞職じしょく resignation
1
自信じしん self-confidence
事前じぜん prior, beforehand, in advance
自尊じそんし self-respect, conceit

心ん
持続じぞく continuation
字体じたい type, font, lettering
辞退じたい refusal
じっくり deliberately, carefully
実質じっしつ substance, essence
実践じっせん practice, put into practice
実態じったい truth, fact
実費じっぴ actual expense, cost price
十分じっぷん 10 minutes
truth, reality, sincerity, fidelity, kindness,

実じつ
faith, substance, essence
実業じつぎょ industrialist, businessman

家うか
じつじょ real condition, actual circumstances,

実情う actual state of affairs
自転じてん rotation, spin
1
自動じどうし intransitive verb (no direct obj)

詞
地主じぬし landlord
耳鼻
科じびか otolaryngology
地元じもと local
弱じゃく weakness, the weak, little less then
じゃっか
若干 some, few, number of
ん
砂利じゃり gravel, ballast, pebbles
じゃじゃんけ
ん拳ん rock-scissors-paper game
住じゅう dwelling, living
じゅう
従業ぎょうい employee, worker
員ん
従事じゅうじ engaging, pursuing, following
じゅうじ fullness, completion, perfection,

充実つ substantiality, enrichment
十字じゅうじ crossroads
路ろ
じゅうた
絨毯ん carpet
1
じゅうな
柔軟 flexible, lithe
ん
じゅうふ duplication, repetition, overlapping,

重複く redundancy, restoration
じゅうほ priceless treasure, convenience,

重宝う usefulness
じゅうら
従来い up to now, so far, traditional
塾じゅく coaching school, lessons
樹木じゅもく trees and shrubs, arbour
樹立じゅりつ establish, create
じゅん local express (train slower than an

準急きゅう express)
準じじゅんじ
るる to follow, to conform, to apply to
準ずじゅんず to apply correspondingly, to correspond

るる to, to be proportionate to, to conform to
助じょ help, rescue, assistant
情じょう feelings, emotion, passion
畳じょう #NAME?
尉じょう jailer, old man, rank, company officer
嬢じょう young woman
1
状じょう shape
superior (rank not class), higher order

上位じょうい (e.g. byte), host computer (of connected
device)
じょうえ
上演 performance (e.g. music)
ん
城下じょうか land near the castle
じょうか
乗客く passenger
じょうく
上空 sky, the skies, high-altitude sky, upper air
う
上司じょうし superior authorities, boss
じょう
情緒しょ emotion, feeling
じょう
上昇 rising, ascending, climbing
しょう
じょうせ
情勢い state of things, condition, situation
じょうね
情熱 passion, enthusiasm, zeal
つ
1. hero, gentleman, warrior, manly person,

丈夫じょうふ 2. good health, robustness, strong, solid,
durable
譲歩じょうほ concession, conciliation, compromise
1
じょうや
条約 treaty, pact
く
じょうり
上陸く landing, disembarkation
じょう
蒸留 distillation
りゅう
除外じょがい exception, exclusion
助言じょげん advice, suggestion
徐行じょこう going slowly
女史じょし Ms.
助詞じょし particle, postposition
助動じょどう
詞し auxiliary verb
自立じりつ independence, self-reliance
人じん man, person, people
人格じんかく personality, character, individuality
人材じんざい man of talent
迅速じんそく quick, fast, rapid, swift, prompt
人体じんたい human body
人民じんみん people, public
1
人目ひとめ glimpse, public gaze
1. moisture, dampness, vapor, 2. dropsy,

水気すいき
edema
水源すいげん source of river, fountainhead
推進すいしん propulsion, driving force
水洗すいせん flushing
吹奏すいそう playing wind instruments
推測すいそく guess, conjecture
水田すいでん (water-filled) paddy field
reasoning, inference, mystery or detective

推理すいり
genre (movie novel etc.)
数詞すうし numeral
崇拝すうはい worship, adoration, admiration, cult
据えすえつけ
付け to install, to equip, to mount
る
る
据え to set (table), to lay (foundation), to place

すえる
る (gun), to apply (moxa)
清々すがすが fresh, refreshing

しいしい
過ぎすぎ past, after
1
救いすくい help, aid, relief
掬うすくう to scoop, to ladle out
少なすくなく
くと at least
とも
も
immediately, soon, easily, right (near),

直ぐすぐ
honest, upright
健やすこやか vigorous, healthy, sound

か
濯ぐすすぐ to rinse, to wash out
進みすすみ progress
勧めすすめ recommendation, advice, encouragement
(trouser) cuff, (skirt) hem, cut edge of a

裾すそ
hairdo, foot of mountain
廃れ to go out of use, to become obsolete, to

すたれる
る die out, to go out of fashion
酸っ
ぱいすっぱい sour, acid
lovely, dreamy, beautiful, great, fantastic,

素敵すてき
superb, cool, capital
即ちすなわち that is, namely, i.e.
すばしこ
い nimble, smart, quick
1
素早すばやい fast, quick, prompt, agile

い
済ま to finish, to get it over with, to settle, to

すます
す conclude, to pay back
to clear, to make clear, to be unruffled, to

澄ま
すすます look unconcerned, to look demure, look
prim, put on airs
済ま
すまない sorry (phrase)
ない
済みすみませ
ません sorry, excuse me
ん
天皇すめらぎ Emperor of Japan
刷りすり printing
剃るする to shave
擦れすれちが chance encounter

違いい
すれすれちが to pass by one another, to disagree, to

違うう miss each other
擦れ to rub, to chafe, to wear, to become

すれる
る sophisticated
すんなり pass with no objection, slim, slender
図々ずうずう
しいしい impudent, shameless
1
decisively, decidedly, once and for all,

ずばり
unreservedly, frankly
ずぶ
濡れずぶぬれ soaked, dripping wet
ずらっと in a line, in a row
sound or act of dragging, loose,

ずるずる inconclusive but unwanted situation,
trailingly
ずれ gap, slippage
ずれる to slide, to slip off
system, organization, imperial command,

制せい laws, regulation, control, government,
suppression, restraint, holdin
製せい -made, make
生育せいいく growth, development, breeding
成果せいか results, fruits
correct, right, correct interpretation

正解せいかい
(answer solution)
regular, legal, formal, established,

正規せいき
legitimate
justice, right, righteousness, correct

正義せいぎ
meaning
1
生計せいけい livelihood, living
政権せいけん administration, political power
精巧せいこう elaborate, delicate, exquisite
制裁せいさい restraint, sanctions, punishment
政策せいさく political measures, policy
清算せいさん liquidation, settlement
星座せいざ constellation
生死せいし life and death
静止せいし stillness, repose, standing still
せいしゅ
青春 youth, springtime of life, adolescent
ん
聖書せいしょ Bible, scriptures
誠実せいじつ sincere, honest, faithful
せいじゅ
成熟く maturity, ripeness
せいじゅ
清純 purity, innocence
ん
せいじょ
正常う normalcy, normality, normal
制すせいする to control, to command, to get the better of

る
1
orderly, regular, well-organized, trim,

整然せいぜん
accurate
盛装せいそう be dressed up, wear rich clothes
盛大せいだい grand, prosperous, magnificent
清濁せいだく good and evil, purity and impurity
制定せいてい enactment, establishment, creation
静的せいてき static
製鉄せいてつ iron manufacture
晴天せいてん fine weather
just, justifiable, right, due, proper,

正当せいとう
equitable, reasonable, legitimate, lawful
成年せいねん majority, adult age
制服せいふく uniform
征服せいふく conquest, subjugation, overcoming
製法せいほう manufacturing method, recipe, formula
精密せいみつ precise, exact, detailed, minute, close
声明せいめい declaration, statement, proclamation
姓名せいめい full name
制約せいやく limitation, restriction, condition, constraints
1
生理せいり physiology, menses
せいりょ influence, power, might, strength, potency,

勢力く force, energy
整列せいれつ stand in a row, form a line
急か
すせかす to hurry, to urge on
伜せがれ son, my son
責務せきむ duty, obligation
世辞せじ flattery, compliment
世帯せたい household
世代せだい generation, the world, the age
clearing (land), opening up, cutting

切開せっかい
through
せっしょ
接触く touch, contact
設置せっち establishment, institution
せっちゅ
折衷 compromise, cross, blending, eclecticism
う
設定せってい establishment, creation
説得せっとく persuasion
節せつ node, section, occasion, time
1
compelling, serious, severe, acute,

切実せつじつ
earnest, pressing, urgent
接続せつぞく
詞し conjunction
切なせつない painful, trying, oppressive, suffocating

い
設立せつりつ establishment, foundation, institution
攻めせめ attack, offence
世論せろん public opinion
仙せん hermit, wizard
前せん before
繊維せんい fibre, fiber, textile
選挙せんきょ election
せんきょ
宣教う religious mission
宣言せんげん declaration, proclamation, announcement
先行せんこう preceding, going first
選考せんこう selection, screening
戦災せんさい war damage, watch devastation
せんしゅ
専修 specialization
う
1
せんじゅ
戦術 Tactics
つ
潜水せんすい diving
先先せんせん
月げつ month before last
先先せんせん week before last

週しゅう
family predecessor, previous age,

先代せんだい
previous generation
先せんだっ
だっ recently, the other day
て
て
せんちゃ
先着く first arrival
先天せんてん a priori, inborn, innate, inherent,

的てき congenital, hereditary
戦闘せんとう battle, fight, combat
せんにゅ
潜入う infiltration, sneaking in
船舶せんぱく ship
専用せんよう exclusive use, personal use
せんりょ occupation, capture, possession, have a

占領う room to oneself
戦力せんりょ war potential, military strength
1
税務ぜいむ
署しょ tax office
是正ぜせい correction, revision
絶版ぜっぱん out of print
絶望ぜつぼう despair, hopelessness
是非 by all means (with sense of not taking no

ぜひとも
とも for an answer)
膳ぜん (small) table, tray, meal
禅ぜん Zen (Buddhism)
全快ぜんかい complete recovery of health
全盛ぜんせい height of prosperity
前提ぜんてい preamble, premise, reason, prerequisite
future prospects, outlook, the journey

前途ぜんと
ahead
全滅ぜんめつ annihilation
ぜんりょ
善良 goodness, excellence, virtue
う
前例ぜんれい precedent
僧そう monk, priest
1
沿うそう to run along, to follow
to accompany, to become married, to

添うそう
comply with
総そう whole, all, general, gross
相応そうおう suitability, fitness
総会そうかい general meeting
創刊そうかん launching (e.g. newspaper), first issue
送金そうきん remittance, sending money
running a wheeled vehicle (e.g. car),

走行そうこう
traveling
synthesis, coordination, putting together,

総合そうごう
integration, composite
search (esp. in criminal investigations),

捜査そうさ
investigation
search (esp. for someone or something

捜索そうさく
missing), investigation
然う
してそうして and, like that
そうしょ
装飾 ornament
く
そうじゅ management, handling, control,

操縦う manipulation
1
創造そうぞう creation
壮大そうだい magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid
騒動そうどう strife, riot, rebellion
遭難そうなん disaster, shipwreck, accident
相場そうば market price, speculation, estimation
装備そうび equipment
創立そうりつ establishment, founding, organization
to add to, to attach, to append, to

添え
るそえる accompany, to garnish, to imitate, to
annex
即座そくざに immediately, right away

に
promotion, acceleration, encouragement,

促進そくしん
facilitation, spurring on
即す to conform to, to agree with, to be adapted

そくする
る to, to be based on
restraint, shackles, restriction,

束縛そくばく
confinement, binding
側面そくめん side, flank, sidelight, lateral
其処そこ that place, there
其処そこで so (conj), accordingly, now, then,
1
で thereupon
損な to harm, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to

そこなう
う fail in doing
其処 everywhere, somewhere, approximately,

そこら
ら that area, around there
素材そざい raw materials, subject matter
obstruction, check, hindrance, prevention,

阻止そし
interdiction
然し
てそして and
訴訟そしょう litigation, lawsuit
育ちそだち breeding, growth
措置そち measure, step
其方そちら over there, the other
素っそっけな
気な cold, short, curt, blunt
い
い
そっちょ
率直く frankness, candour, openheartedness
外方そっぽ look (or turn) the other way
備えそなえつ
付け to provide, to furnish, to equip, to install
ける
る
1
to be furnished with, to be endowed with,

備わ
るそなわる to possess, to be among, to be one of, to
be possessed of
園その garden, park, plantation
そのそのうえ in addition, furthermore

上
その eventually, sooner or later, of the

そのうち
内 previously mentioned
そのそのため hence, for that reason

為
その
外そのほか besides, in addition, the rest
其のそのまま without change, as it is (i.e. now)

儘
聳え
るそびえる to rise, to tower, to soar
素朴そぼく simplicity, artlessness, naivete
染まそまる to dye
る
to run counter to, to go against, to

背くそむく
disobey, to infringe
染めそめる to dye, to colour

る
逸ら
すそらす to turn away, to avert
1
反りそり warp, curvature, curve, arch
其れそれ it, that
其れそれから and then, after that

から
各々それぞれ each, every, either, respectively, severally
其れ
でそれで and (conj), thereupon, because of that
其れそれでは in that situation, well then ...

では
其れ but (still), and yet, nevertheless, even so,

それでも
でも notwithstanding
其れそれとも or, or else

共
其れ
にそれに besides, moreover
其れそれほど to that degree, extent

程
其れ
故それゆえ therefore, for that reason, so
揃いそろい set, suit, uniform
徐々そろそろ gradually, steadily, quietly, slowly, soon
損失そんしつ loss
存続そんぞく duration, continuance
1
沿いぞい along
像ぞう statue, image, figure, picture, portrait
ぞうきょ
増強 augment, reinforce, increase
う
ぞうしょ
蔵相う Minister of Finance
増進ぞうしん promoting, increase, advance
ぞんざい rude, careless, slovenly
ill will, malice, another intention, secret

他意たい purpose, ulterior motive, fickleness,
double-mindedness
interaction, correspondence, coping with,

対応たいおう
dealing with
退化たいか degeneration, retrogression
体格たいかく physique, constitution
大概たいがい in general, mainly
退学たいがく dropping out of school
大金たいきん great cost
待遇たいぐう treatment, reception
対決たいけつ confrontation, showdown
体験たいけん personal experience
1
対抗たいこう opposition, antagonism
対したいして for, in regard to, per

て
たいしゅ
大衆う general public
対処たいしょ deal with, cope
たいしょ
退職 retirement (from office)
く
退治たいじ extermination
態勢たいせい attitude, conditions, preparations
対談たいだん talk, dialogue, conversation
対等たいとう equivalent
滞納たいのう non-payment, default
対比たいひ contrast, comparison
most (e.g. most part), greater, fairly, a

大部たいぶ
good deal, much
対辺たいへん (geometrical) opposite side
待望たいぼう expectant waiting
怠慢たいまん negligence, procrastination, carelessness
対面たいめん interview, meeting
1
対立たいりつ confrontation, opposition, antagonism
たいりょ
体力 physical strength
く
interactive, interaction, conversation,

対話たいわ
dialogue
耐えたえる to bear, to endure

る
絶え
るたえる to die out, to peter out, to become extinct

堪え
るたえる to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave,
to be fit for, t
quantity, amount, volume, number,

高たか
amount of money
高ま
るたかまる to rise, to swell, to be promoted
焚火たきび (open) fire
沢山たくさん many, a lot, much
逞したくまし burly, strong, sturdy

いい
巧みたくみ skill, cleverness
類たぐい a kind
丈たけ height, stature, length, measure, all (one
1
has)
足したしざん addition
算
多数たすうけ
決つ majority rule
助けたすけ assistance
携わたずさわ to participate, to take part

るる
漂うただよう to drift about, to float, to hang in air
館たち 1. mansion, small castle
立方たちかた dancing (geisha)
at once, in a moment, suddenly, all at

忽ちたちまち
once
立ちたちよる to stop by, to drop in for a short visit

寄る
達者たっしゃ skillful, in good health
達成たっせい achievement
たった only, merely, but, no more than
precious, valuable, priceless, noble,

尊いとうとい
exalted, sacred
precious, valuable, priceless, noble,

貴いとうとい
exalted, sacred
1
尊ぶとうとぶ to value, to prize, to esteem, to respect
to sever, to cut off, to suppress, to abstain

絶つたつ
(from)
盾たて shield, buckler, escutcheon, pretext
face, official stance, public position or

建前たてまえ
attitude (as opposed to private thoughts)
たてまつ to offer, to present, to revere, to do

奉るる respectfully
例えたとえ example, even if, if, though, although
仮令たとえ example, even if, if, though, although
他動
詞たどうし transitive verb (direct obj)
辿りたどりつ to grope along to, to struggle on to, to

着くく arrive somewhere after a struggle
to follow (road), to pursue (course), to

辿るたどる
follow up
たなごこ
掌 the palm
ろ
楽し
むたのしむ to enjoy oneself
頼みたのみ request, favor, reliance, dependence
(pt:) (n) (uk) tobacco (pt: tabaco),

煙草たばこ
cigarettes
1
度々たびたび often, repeatedly, frequently
another side, different direction, (on) the

他方たほう
other hand
多忙たぼう busy, pressure of work
給うたまう to receive, to grant
偶にたまに occasionally, once in a while
堪らたまらな
ないい intolerable, unbearable, unendurable
溜またまり collected things, gathering place, arrears

り
賜るたまわる to grant, to bestow
instance, example, case, precedent,

例ためし experience, custom, usage, parallel,
illustration
躊躇
うためらう to hesitate
to keep, to preserve, to hold, to retain, to

保つたもつ maintain, to support, to sustain, to last, to
endure, to keep we
容易たやすい easy, simple, light

い
多様たよう diversity, variety
弛みたるみ slack, slackening, dullness, letdown
1
弛むたるむ to slacken, to loosen, to relax
誰たれ adjectival suffix for a person
to hang, to droop, to drop, to lower, to pull

垂れ
るたれる down, to dangle, to sag, to drip, to ooze,
to trickle, to leave
歎たん grief, sigh, lamentation
roll of cloth (c. 10 yds.), .245 acres, 300

反たん
tsubo
単一たんいつ single, simple, sole, individual, unitory
短歌たんか tanka, 31-syllable Japanese poem
担架たんか stretcher, litter
短気たんき quick temper
探検たんけん exploration, expedition
たんしゅ
短縮
く shortening, abbreviation, reduction
箪笥たんす chest of drawers
炭素たんそ carbon (C)
短大たんだい junior college
たんちょ
単調 monotony, monotone, dullness
う
単独たんどく sole, independence, single, solo (flight)
1
短波たんぱ short wave
蛋白たんぱく protein
質しつ
第だい ordinal
第一だいいち first, foremost, # 1
大胆だいたん bold, daring, audacious
台無
しだいなし mess, spoiled, (come to) nothing
大便だいべん feces, excrement, shit
pay by proxy, act for another, speak for

代弁だいべん
another
台本だいほん Script libretto, scenario
代用だいよう substitution
打開だかい break in the deadlock
妥協だきょう compromise, giving in
丈だけ only, just, as
妥結だけつ agreement
1. blow, shock, strike, damage, 2. batting

打撃だげき
(baseball)
駄作ださく poor work, rubbish
1
だっしゅ
脱出 escape
つ
脱す
るだっする to escape from, to get out
脱退だったい Withdrawal, leavex
だぶだぶ loose, baggy
騙すだます to trick, to cheat, to deceive
implying (negatively) that something is full

だらけ
of e.g. mistakes
怠いだるい sluggish, feel heavy, languid, dull
1. platform, podium, rostrum, 2. (arch)

壇だん
mandala
団結だんけつ unity, union, combination
断言だんげん declaration, affirmation
断然だんぜん firmly, absolutely, definitely
段々だんだん gradually, by degrees
旦那だんな master (of house), husband (informal)
断面だんめん cross section
だんりょ
弾力 elasticity, flexibility
く
治安ちあん public order
1
近付 to approach, to get near, to get

ちかづく
く acquainted with, to get closer
違え
るちがえる to change
契るちぎる to pledge, to promise, to swear
畜産ちくさん animal husbandry
ちくしょ
畜生 beast, brute, damn
う
蓄積ちくせき accumulation, accumulate, store
知性ちせい intelligence
乳ちち milk, breast, loop
父母ちちはは father and mother, parents
縮ま to be shortened, to be contracted, to
ちぢまる
る shrink
窒息ちっそく suffocation
些とちっとも not at all (neg. verb)

も
秩序ちつじょ order, regularity, system, method
知的ちてき intellectual
著ちゃく counter for suits of clothing, arriving at ..
着ちゃく counter for suits of clothing, arriving at ..
1
ちゃく
着手 embarkation, launch
しゅ
ちゃく
着色しょく colouring, coloring
ちゃくせ
着席 sit down, seat
き
ちゃくも
着目く attention
ちゃくり
着陸 landing, alighting, touch down
く
ちゃっこ
着工う start of (construction) work
茶のちゃのま living room (Japanese style)

間
茶の
湯ちゃのゆ tea ceremony
ちやほや pamper, make a fuss of, spoil
ちゅうか
昼間 daytime, during the day
ん
宙返ちゅうが
りえり somersault, looping-the-loop
ちゅうけ
中継 relay, hook-up
い
ちゅうこ
忠告く advice, warning
1
中指ちゅうし middle finger
ちゅう
中傷 slander, libel, defamation
しょう
ちゅうじ
忠実つ fidelity, faithfulness
ちゅうす centre, pivot, mainstay, nucleus,

中枢う backbone, central figure, pillar, key man
ちゅうせ
抽選ん lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots)
ちゅうだ
中断 interruption, suspension, break
ん
ちゅうっ
中腹ぱら irritated, offended
ちゅうど
中毒 poisoning
く
ちゅうに
仲人ん go-between, matchmaker
ちゅうは
昼飯 lunch, midday meal
ん
ちゅうり
中立つ neutrality
中和ちゅうわ neutralize, counteract
腸ちょう guts, bowels, intestines
蝶ちょう butterfly
1
超ちょう super-, ultra-, hyper-
庁ちょう government office
ちょうい
調印 signature, sign, sealing
ん
ちょうか
聴覚く the sense of hearing
ちょうか
長官 chief, (government) secretary
ん
ちょうこ
聴講う lecture attendance, auditing
ちょう
徴収 collection, levy
しゅう
聴診ちょうし
器んき stethoscope
ちょうせ
挑戦 challenge, defiance
ん
ちょうだ
長大い very long, great length
ちょうて
調停 arbitration, conciliation, mediation
い
恰度ちょうど just, right, exactly
ちょうへ
長編ん long (e.g. novel film)
丁目ちょうめ district of a town, city block (of irregular
1
size)
調理ちょうり cooking
調和ちょうわ harmony
ちょく often, frequently, now and then,

ちょく occasionally
ちょくめ
直面ん confrontation
著書ちょしょ literary work, book
貯蓄ちょちく savings
ちょっか
直感 intuition
ん
(ateji) (adv int) (uk) just a minute, a short

一寸ちょっと time, a while, just a little, somewhat,
easily, readily, rath
著名ちょめい well-known, noted, celebrated
ちらっと at a glance, by accident
塵取
りちりとり dustpan
治療ちりょう medical treatment
賃金ちんぎん wages
沈殿ちんでん precipitation, settlement
1
沈没ちんぼつ sinking, foundering
沈黙ちんもく silence, reticence
陳列ちんれつ exhibition, display, show
ついきゅ
追及 gaining on, carrying out, solving (crime)
う
追跡ついせき pursuit
次い
でついで next, secondly, subsequently
追放ついほう exile, banishment
費やついやす to spend, to devote, to waste

す
墜落ついらく falling, crashing
通つう connoisseur, counter for letters
痛感つうかん feeling keenly, fully realizing
つうじょ
通常う common, general, usually
痛切つうせつ keen, acute
杖つえ cane
遣いつかい mission, simple task, doing
使いつかいみ use
道ち
1
仕えつかえる to serve, to work for

る
つかさど
司るる to rule, to govern, to administer
束のつかのま moment, brief time, brief, transient

間
attached to, impression, sociality,

付きつき
appearance, furnished with, under, to
付き to associate with, to keep company with,

つきあう
合う to get on with
月並
みつきなみ every month, common
to be used up, to be run out, to be

尽き
るつきる exhausted, to be consumed, to come to
an end
継ぎつぎめ a joint, joining point

目
1. to breathe, 2. to tell (lies), 3. to vomit, to

吐くつく
disgorge
尽く to exhaust, to run out, to serve (a person),

つくす
す to befriend
作りつくり make-up, sliced raw fish
造りつくり make up, structure, physique
造るつくる to make, to create, to manufacture, to
1
draw up, to write, to compose, to build, to

coin, to cultivate, to org
to mend, to repair, to fix, to patch up, to

繕うつくろう
darn, to tidy up, to adjust, to trim
to join, to piece together, to set (bones), to

接ぐつぐ
graft (trees)
継ぐつぐ to succeed
付けつけくわ
加ええる to add one thing to another
る
告げつげる to inform
る
辻褄つじつま coherence, consistency
途中つちゅう on the way, en route
to support, to become stiff, to become

突っ
張るつっぱる taut, to thrust (ones opponent), to stick to
(ones opinion), to in
筒つつ pipe, tube
銃つつ gun
1. to thrust, to strike, to attack, 2. to poke,

突くつつく
to nudge, to pick at
to be careful, to be chaste or discreet, to

慎むつつしむ
abstain or refrain
1
伝言つてごと verbal message, rumor, word
勤ま to be fit for, to be equal to, to function

つとまる
る properly
勤めつとめさ
先き place of work
努めつとめて make an effort!, work hard!

て
津波つなみ tsunami, tidal wave
抓るつねる to pinch
募るつのる to invite, to solicit help participation etc
唾つば saliva, sputum
呟くつぶやく to mutter, to murmur
瞑るつぶる to close the eyes
壷つぼ tsubo jar, pot, vase
蕾つぼみ bud, flower bud
躓くつまずく to stumble, to trip
摘むつまむ to pinch, to hold, to pick up
詰らつまらな
ないい insignificant, boring, trifling
詰まつまり in short, in brief, in other words, that is to

り say, in the long run, after all, blockade,
1
stuffing, ultimate
積もつもり intention, plan

り
露つゆ dew
強ま
るつよまる to get strong, to gain strength
強めつよめる to strengthen, to emphasize

る
連な
るつらなる to extend, to stretch out, to stand in a row
貫くつらぬく to go through
連ねつらねる to link, to join, to put together

る
釣りつり fishing, angling
吊り
革つりかわ strap
釣鐘つりがね hanging bell
吊るつるす to hang
す
手当 allowance, compensation, treatment,

てあて
て medical care
体てい appearance, air, condition, state, form
提供ていきょ offer, tender, program sponsoring,
1
う furnishing
定義ていぎ definition
提携ていけい cooperation, tie-up, joint business, link-up
decency, style, form, appearance, show,

体裁ていさい
get-up, format
梯子ていし ladder, stairs
ていしょ
定食く set meal, special (of the day)
提示ていじ presentation, exhibit, suggest, citation
訂正ていせい correction, revision
stagnation, tie-up, congestion, retention,

停滞ていたい
accumulation, falling into arrears
邸宅ていたく mansion, residence
定年ていねん retirement age
堤防ていぼう bank, weir
手遅
れておくれ too late, belated treatment
手数てかず number of moves, trouble
手掛 contact, trail, scent, on hand, hand hold,

てがかり
かり clue, key
手掛てがける to handle, to manage, to work with, to
1
ける rear, to look after, to have experience with
手軽てがる easy, simple, informal, offhand, cheap
的てき -like, typical
適応てきおう adaptation, accommodation, conformity
適宜てきぎ suitability
適性てきせい aptitude
手際てぎわ performance, skill, tact
手順てじゅん process, procedure, protocol
手錠てじょう handcuffs, manacles
手近てぢか near, handy, familiar
てっきり surely, certainly, beyond doubt
鉄鋼てっこう iron and steel
to sink in, to penetrate, to devote oneself,

徹す
るてっする to believe in, to go through, to do intently
and exclusively
鉄片てっぺん iron scraps
手配てはい arrangement, search (by police)
手筈てはず arrangement, plan, programme
手引てびき guidance, guide, introduction
1
手本てほん model, pattern
手回
してまわし preparations, arrangements
手元てもと on hand, at hand, at home
照りてりかえ to reflect, to throw back light

返すす
手分
けてわけ division of labour
店てん store, shop, establishment
点火てんか ignition, lighting, set fire to
転回てんかい revolution, rotation
転換てんかん convert, divert
転居てんきょ moving, changing residence
転勤てんきん transfer, transmission
点検てんけん inspection, examination, checking
転校てんこう change schools
天国てんごく paradise, heaven, Kingdom of Heaven
天才てんさい genius, prodigy, natural gift
天災てんさい natural calamity, disaster
1
展示てんじ exhibition, display
てんじょ
天井 ceiling, ceiling price
う
転じ
るてんじる to turn, to shift, to alter, to distract
点線てんせん dotted line, perforated line
天体てんたい heavenly body
rolling about, moving from place to place,

転転てんてん
being passed around repeatedly
てんで (not) at all, altogether, entirely
転任てんにん change of post
展望てんぼう view, outlook, prospect
転落てんらく fall, degradation, slump
to meet by chance, to come across, to

出合
うであう happen to encounter, to hold a
rendezvous, to have a date
出入でいりぐ
り口ち exit and entrance
でかい huge
出来 able man, tumour, growth, boil, ulcer,

できもの
物 abcess, rash, pimple
出切できる to be out of, to have no more at hand
1
出く
わすでくわす to happen to meet, to come across
irresponsible utterance, nonsense,

出鱈
目でたらめ nonsensical, random, haphazard,
unsystematic
出直でなおし adjustment, touch up

し
田園でんえん country, rural districts
source of electricity, power (button on TV

電源でんげん
etc.)
伝説でんせつ tradition, legend, folklore
電線でんせん electric line
transmission (e.g. news), communication,

伝達でんたつ
delivery
ancestral, hereditary, imported,

伝来でんらい
transmitted, handed down
1. if (conjunction), 2. promoted pawn

と
(shogi) (abbr)
問いといあわ
合わせる to enquire, to seek information
せる
問屋といや wholesale store
1
to ask, to question, to charge (i.e. with a

問うとう
crime), to accuse, without regard to (neg)
棟とう place, section, building
等とう et cetera, etc., and the like
陶器とうき pottery, ceramics
とうきゅ
等級う grade, class
討議とうぎ debate, discussion
登校とうこう attendance (at school)
統合とうごう integration, unification, synthesis
倒産とうさん (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency
投資とうし investment
統治とうじ rule, reign, government, governing
統制とうせい regulation, control
当選とうせん being elected, winning the prize
逃走とうそう flight, desertion, escape
統率とうそつ command, lead, generalship, leadership
到達とうたつ reaching, attaining, arrival
到底とうてい (cannot) possibly
1
clashing of swords, felling of trees, ringing

丁々とうとう
of an ax
とうにゅ throw, investment, making (an electrical

投入う circuit)
当人とうにん the one concerned, the said person
逃亡とうぼう escape
冬眠とうみん hibernation, winter sleep
登録とうろく registration, register, entry, record
討論とうろん debate, discussion
遠ざとおざか to go far off

かるる
遠回とおまわ
りり detour, roundabout way
通りとおりか
かか to happen to pass by
かる
る
anyhow, anyway, somehow or other,

兎角とかく generally speaking, in any case, this and
that, many, be apt to
咎め to blame, to find fault, to take someone to

とがめる
る task, to aggravate (an injury)
時折ときおり sometimes
跡切とぎれる to pause, to be interrupted
1
れる
to explain, to advocate, to preach, to

説くとく
persuade
特技とくぎ special skill
特産とくさん specialty, special product
とくしゅ feature (e.g. newspaper), special edition,

特集う report
得点とくてん score, points made, marks obtained, runs
特派とくは send specially, special envoy
特有とくゆう characteristic (of), peculiar (to)
to sharpen, to grind, to scour, to hone, to

研ぐとぐ
polish, to wash (rice)
刺とげ thorn, splinter, spine, biting words
遂げ
るとげる to accomplish, to achieve, to carry out
床とこ bed, sickbed, alcove, padding
所がところが however, while, even if
所でところで by the way, even if, no matter what
age, marriageable age, age of puberty,

年頃としごろ
adolescence, for some years
1
年寄としより old people, the aged

り
戸締
りとじまり closing up, fastening the doors
途上とじょう en route, half way
綴じとじる to bind, to file

る
途絶
えるとだえる to stop, to cease, to come to an end
特許とっきょ special permission, patent
疾っとっくに long ago, already, a long time ago

くに
特権とっけん privilege, special right
咄嗟とっさ moment, instant
取っ
手とって handle, grip, knob
breaking through, breakthrough,

突破とっぱ
penetration
突如とつじょ suddenly, all of a sudden
迚もとても very, awfully, exceedingly
整えととのえ to put in order, to get ready, to arrange, to

るる adjust
1
届けとどけ report, notification, registration
とどこお
滞る to stagnate, to be delayed
る
止ま
るとどまる to be limited to
留めとどめる to stop, to cease, to put an end to

る
止め
るとどめる to stop, to cease, to put an end to
唱えとなえる to recite, to chant, to call upon

る
兎に anyhow, at any rate, anyway, somehow or

とにかく
角 other, generally speaking, in any case
殿様とのさま feudal lord
幕とばり curtain, bunting, act (in play)
帳とばり curtain
扉とびら door, opening
徒歩とほ walking, going on foot
乏し meagre, scarce, limited, destitute, hard

とぼしい
い up, scanty, poor
富とみ wealth, fortune
富むとむ to be rich, to become rich
1
兎も anyhow, anyway, somehow or other,

ともかく
角 generally speaking, in any case
共稼ともかせ working together, (husband and wife)

ぎぎ earning a living together
灯ともしび light
to accompany, to bring with, to be

伴うともなう
accompanied by, to be involved in
共働ともばた
きらき dual income
捕らとらえる to seize, to grasp, to capture, to arrest

える
取りとりあえ
あえず at once, first of all, for the time being
ず
取りとりあつ treatment, service, handling, management

扱いかい
取りとりあつ
扱うかう to treat, to handle, to deal in
鳥居とりい torii (Shinto shrine archway)
取りとりかえ swap, exchange

替え
取り to tackle, to wrestle with, to engage in a

とりくむ
組む bout, to come to grips with
取りとりしま control, management, supervision

締まり
1
取りとりしま
締まる to manage, to control, to supervise
る
取りとりしら
調べ to investigate, to examine
べる
る
取りとりたて
立てる to collect, to extort, to appoint, to promote
る
取り to act as an agent for, to announce

とりつぐ
次ぐ (someone), to convey (a message)
取りとりのぞ
除くく to remove, to take away, to set apart
取りとりひき transactions, dealings, business

引き
取り
巻くとりまく to surround, to circle, to enclose
取りとりまぜ
混ぜ to mix, to put together
る
る
取りとりもど
戻すす to take back, to regain
取りとりよせ
寄せ to order, to send away for
る
る
取りとりわけ especially, above all
1
副とりわけ especially, above all
蕩け
るとろける to be enchanted with
terrible, awful, serious, preposterous,

とんだ
absolutely not
胴どう trunk, body, frame
働どう work, labor
同どう the same, the said, ibid.
agreement, consent, same meaning,

同意どうい
same opinion, approval
動員どういん mobilization
agreement, same opinion, same feeling,

同感どうかん
sympathy, concurrence
動機どうき motive, incentive
どうきゅ
同級う the same grade, same class
同居どうきょ living together
動向どうこう trend, tendency, movement, attitude
同士どうし fellow, companion, comrade
同志どうし same mind, comrade, kindred soul
1
如何 why?, for what reason, how, in what way,

どうして
して for what purpose, what for
如何 by all means, at any cost, no matter what,

どうして
しても after all, in the long run, cravingly, at any
も rate, surely
どうじょ sympathy, compassion, sympathize, pity,

同情う feel for
どうじょ dojo, hall used for martial arts training,

道場う mandala
何卒どうぞ please, kindly, by all means
どうどうぞよ
ぞ宜ろしく pleased to meet you
しく
どうちょ
同調 sympathy, agree with, alignment, tuning
う
動的どうてき dynamic, kinetic
同等どうとう equality, equal, same rights, same rank
堂々どうどう magnificent, grand, impressive
どうにか in some way or other, one way or another
どうにゅ
導入う introduction, bringing in, leading in
同封どうふう enclosure (e.g. in a letter)
同盟どうめい alliance, union, league
1
どうやら it seems like, somehow or other
disturbance, unrest, shaking, trembling,

動揺どうよう pitching, rolling, oscillation, agitation,
excitement, commotion
どうりょ
動力 power, motive power, dynamic force
く
独裁どくさい dictatorship, despotism
読者どくしゃ reader
独自どくじ original, peculiar, characteristic
独占どくせん monopoly
独創どくそう originality
何処どこ where, what place
何処
かどこか somewhere, anywhere, in some respects
土産どさん product of the land
土台どだい foundation, base, basis
何方どちら which, who
土手どて embankment, bank
何方どなた who?
怒鳴どなる to shout, to yell

る
1
何のどの which, what
土俵どひょう arena
土木どぼく public works
well, now, let me see, which (of three or

何れどれ
more)
何々どれどれ which (emphatic)
度忘
れどわすれ lapse of memory, forget for a moment
鈍感どんかん thickheadedness, stolidity
内閣ないかく cabinet, (government) ministry
乃至ないし from...to, between...and, or
内臓ないぞう internal organs, intestines, viscera
内部ないぶ interior, inside, internal
civil war, insurrection, rebellion, domestic

内乱ないらん
conflict
内陸ないりく inland
苗なえ rice seedling
furthermore, still, yet, more, still more,

尚なお
greater, further, less
尚更なおさら all the more, still less
1
中程なかほど middle, midway
流しながし sink
長々ながなが long, drawn-out, very long
殴るなぐる to strike, to hit
嘆くなげく to sigh, to lament, to grieve
投げ to throw down, to abandon, to sacrifice, to

なげだす
出す throw out
和や
かなごやか mild, calm, gentle, quiet, harmonious
名残なごり remains, traces, memory
情けなさけ sympathy, compassion
情けなさけぶ tender-hearted, compassionate

深いかい
為さ
るなさる to do
詰るなじる to rebuke, to scold, to tell off
何故なぜ why, how
何故なぜなら because
なら
名高
いなだかい famous, celebrated, well-known
1
雪崩なだれ avalanche
懐くなつく to become emotionally attached
名付なづける to name (someone)

ける
何気なにげな
ないい casual, unconcerned
何しなにしろ at any rate, anyhow, anyway, in any case

ろ
何卒なにとぞ please
何もなにも nothing
何よ
りなにより most, best
seven days, the seventh day (of the

七日なぬか
month)
名札なふだ name plate, name tag
生臭なまぐさ
いい smelling of fish or blood, fish or meat
生温なまぬる lukewarm, halfhearted

いい
生身なまみ living flesh, flesh and blood, the quick
鉛なまり lead (the metal)
鈍るなまる to become less capable, to grow dull, to
1
become blunt, to weaken
並みなみ average, medium, common, ordinary
滑らなめらか smoothness, glassiness

か
to lick, to taste, to experience, to make fun

嘗め
るなめる of, to make light of, to put down, to treat
with contempt
悩まなやまし
しいい seductive, melancholy, languid
悩まなやます to afflict, to torment, to harass, to molest

す
trouble(s), worry, distress, anguish, agony,

悩みなやみ
problem
平均ならし equilibrium, balance, average, mean
慣らならす to accustom
す
馴ら
すならす to domesticate, to tame
並びならびに and
に
成り to conclude, to consist of, to be practical

なりたつ
立つ (logical feasible viable), to hold true
成るなるたけ as much as possible, if possible

丈
1
成るなるべく as much as possible

べく
慣れなれ practice, experience
馴れなれなれ
馴れしい over-familiar
しい
難なん difficulty, hardships, defect
南なん south
things like ..., or something like that ..

なんか
(often derogatory)
何だ
かなんだか a little, somewhat, somehow
なんだか something or other

んだ
何てなんて how...!, what...!
何となんと what, how, whatever
何となんとな somehow or other, for some reason or

なくく another
何となんとも nothing (with neg. verb), quite, not a bit

も
何な
りなんなり any, anything, whatever
荷に load, baggage, cargo
1
似通にかよう to resemble closely

う
面皰にきび pimple, acne
賑わ to prosper, to flourish, to do thriving

にぎわう
う business, to be crowded with people
悪いにくい hateful, abominable, poor-looking
憎しにくしみ hatred
み
肉親にくしん blood relationship, blood relative
肉体にくたい the body, the flesh
逃げ
出すにげだす to run away, to escape from
西日にしび westering sun
滲むにじむ to run, to blur, to spread, to blot, to ooze
日夜にちや day and night, always
日当にっとう daily allowance
荷造にづくり packing, baling, crating

り
to carry on shoulder, to bear (burden), to

担うになう
shoulder (gun)
二人ににん two persons, two people, pair, couple
1
にもにもかか
拘ら in spite of, nevertheless
わらず
ず
にゅう
入手しゅ obtaining, coming to hand
にゅう
入賞 winning a prize or place (in a contest)
しょう
にゅうよ
入浴く bathe, bathing
尿にょう urine
sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised,

俄かにわか
offhand
認識にんしき recognition, cognizance
妊娠にんしん conception, pregnancy
humanity, empathy, kindness, sympathy,

にんじょ
人情う human nature, common sense, customs
and manners
任務にんむ duty, function, office, mission, task
appointment, nomination, ordination,

任命にんめい
commission, designation
抜かぬかす to omit, to leave out

す
抜け
出すぬけだす to slip out, to sneak away, to excel
1
盗みぬすみ stealing
沼ぬま swamp, bog, pond, lake
音ね sound, note
値打ねうち value, worth, price, dignity

ち
寝か
せるねかせる to put to bed, to lay down, to ferment
捻子ねじ screw, helix, spiral
ねじねじまわ screwdriver
回しし
捻じ
れるねじれる to twist, to wrench, to screw
鼠ねず 1. mouse, rat, 2. dark gray, slate color
妬むねたむ to be jealous, to be envious
強請ねだる to tease, to coax, to solicit, to demand

る
熱湯ねっとう boiling water
熱意ねつい zeal, enthusiasm
ねつりょ
熱量う temperature
粘りねばり stickyness, viscosity
粘るねばる to be sticky, to be adhesive, to persevere,
1
to persist, to stick to
値引ねびき price reduction, discount

き
根回
しねまわし making necessary arrangements
眠たねむたい sleepy
い
練るねる to knead, to work over, to polish up
sense, idea, thought, feeling, desire,

念ねん
concern, attention, care
年鑑ねんかん yearbook
年号ねんごう name of an era, year number
ねんしょ
燃焼 burning, combustion
う
年生ねんせい pupil in .... year, student in .... year
ねんちょ
年長う seniority
ねんりょ
燃料 fuel
う
年輪ねんりん annual tree ring
脳のう brain, memory
農耕のうこう farming, agriculture
1
のうじょ
農場 farm (agriculture)
う
農地のうち agricultural land
のうにゅ
納入う payment, supply
逃すのがす to let loose, to set free, to let escape
逃れのがれる to escape
る
軒並
みのきなみ row of houses
鋸のこぎり saw
望まのぞまし desirable, hoped for

しいい
to look out on, to face, to deal with, to

臨むのぞむ
attend (function)
乗っのっとる to capture, to occupy, to usurp

取る
長閑のどか tranquil, calm, quiet
罵るののしる to speak ill of, to abuse
延べのべ futures, credit (buying), stretching, total
to gulp down, to swallow deeply, to

飲み
込むのみこむ understand, to take in, to catch on to, to
learn, to digest
1
乗りのりかえ transfer (trains buses etc.)

換え
to board, to embark on, to get into (a car),

乗り
込むのりこむ to ship (passengers), to man (a ship), to
help (someone) int
刃は edge (of a sword)
派は clique, faction, school
把握はあく grasp, catch, understanding
肺はい lung
annullment, disposal, abandon, scrap,

廃棄はいき
discarding, repeal
はいきゅ
配給 distribution (eg. films rice)
う
配偶はいぐう
者しゃ spouse, wife, husband
拝啓はいけい Dear (so and so)
background, scenery, setting,

背景はいけい
circumstance
背後はいご back, rear
灰皿はいさら ashtray
廃止はいし abolition, repeal
拝借はいしゃ borrowing
1
排除はいじょ exclusion, removal, rejection
排水はいすい drainage
敗戦はいせん defeat, losing a war
配置はいち arrangement (of resources), disposition
配布はいふ distribution
配分はいぶん distribution, allotment
配慮はいりょ consideration, concern, forethought
配列はいれつ arrangement, array (programming)
映え
るはえる to shine, to look attractive, to look pretty
破壊はかい destruction
墓地はかち cemetery, graveyard
to make progress, to move right ahead

捗るはかどる
(with the work), to advance
果な fleeting, transient, short-lived, momentary,

はかない
い vain, fickle, miserable, empty, ephemeral
諮るはかる to consult with, to confer
図るはかる to plot, to attempt, to plan, to take in, to

deceive, to devise, to design, to refer A to
1
to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off,

剥が
すはがす to skin, to flay, to disrobe, to deprive of, to
detach, t
revocation, annulment, breaking (e.g.

破棄はき
treaty)
泊はく counter for nights of a stay
迫害はくがい persecution
はくじゃ
薄弱く feebleness, weakness, weak
はくじょ
白状 confession
う
to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off,

剥ぐはぐ
to skin, to flay, to disrobe, to deprive of
派遣はけん dispatch, send
励まはげます to encourage, to cheer, to raise (the voice)

す
to be zealous, to brace oneself, to

励むはげむ
endeavour, to strive, to make an effort
剥げ to come off, to be worn off, to fade, to

はげる
る discolor
鋏はさみ scissors
柱はしら pillar, post
1
橋渡はしわた bridge building, mediation

しし
恥はじ shame, embarrassment
弾くはじく to flip, to snap
始めはじめ beginning, start, origin
始めはじめま
ましして How do you do?, I am glad to meet you
て
恥じはじらう to feel shy, to be bashful, to blush

らう
恥じ
るはじる to feel ashamed
蓮はす lotus
筈はず it should be so
to spring, to bound, to bounce, to be

弾むはずむ stimulated, to be encouraged, to get lively,
to treat oneself to, to
破損はそん damage
機はた loom
果たはたして as was expected, really

して
果た to accomplish, to fulfill, to carry out, to

はたす
す achieve
1
裸足はだし barefoot
蜂蜜はちみつ honey
発掘はっくつ excavation, exhumation
outbreak, spring forth, occurrence,

発生はっせい
incidence, origin
発足はっそく starting, inauguration
初はつ first, new
departure, beginning, counter for

発はつ
gunshots
発育はついく (physical) growth, development
発芽はつが burgeoning
発言はつげん utterance, speech, proposal
はつびょ
発病 attack (disease)
う
初耳はつみみ something heard for the first time
the end, the extremity, the limit(s), the

果てはて
result
果て to end, to be finished, to be exhausted, to

はてる
る die, to perish
話しはなしあ
合いい discussion, conference
1
甚だはなはだ very, greatly, exceedingly
華々はなばな brilliant, magnificent, spectacular

しいしい
花び
らはなびら (flower) petal
華やはなやか gay, showy, brilliant, gorgeous, florid

か
to keep someone from doing, to stop, to

阻むはばむ prevent, to check, to hinder, to obstruct, to
oppose, to thwart
浜はま beach, seashore
浜辺はまべ beach, foreshore
to get into, to go into, to fit, to be fit for, to

填ま
るはまる suit, to fall into, to plunge into, to be
deceived, to be
歯磨はみがき dentifrice, toothpaste
填め
るはめる to get in, to insert, to put on, to make love
生やはやす to grow, to cultivate, to wear beard

す
早め to hasten, to quicken, to expedite, to

はやめる
る precipitate, to accelerate
流行はやり fashionable, fad, in vogue, prevailing
1
腹立はらだち anger
ち
原っ
ぱはらっぱ open field, empty lot, plain
張りはりがみ paper patch, paper backing, poster

紙
遥かはるか far, far-away, distant, remote, far off
破裂はれつ explosion, rupture, break off
腫れ to swell (from inflammation), to become

はれる
る swollen
班はん group, party, section (mil)
seal, stamp, monogram signature,

判はん
judgment
版はん edition
繁栄はんえい prospering, prosperity, thriving, flourishing
反感はんかん antipathy, revolt, animosity
版画はんが art print
はんきょ echo, reverberation, repercussion,

反響う reaction, influence
judicial decision, judgement, sentence,

判決はんけつ
decree
反撃はんげき counterattack, counteroffensive,
1
counterblow
反射はんしゃ reflection, reverberation
はんしょ
繁殖 breed, multiply, increase, propagation
く
はんじょ
繁盛う prosperity, flourishing, thriving
反す to be inconsistent with, to oppose, to

はんする
る contradict, to transgress, to rebel
判定はんてい judgement, decision, award, verdict
反応はんのう reaction, response
remnant, fragment, incomplete set,

半端はんぱ
fraction, odd sum, incompleteness
反発はんぱつ repelling, rebound, recover, oppose
insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt,

反乱はんらん
uprising
氾濫はんらん overflowing, flood
黴菌ばいきん bacteria, germ(s)
ばいしょ
賠償う reparations, indemnity, compensation
倍率ばいりつ diameter, magnification
馬鹿ばかばか stupid
馬鹿しい
1
しい
馬鹿ばからし
らしい absurd
い
漠然ばくぜん obscure, vague, equivocal
爆弾ばくだん bomb
爆破ばくは blast, explosion, blow up
暴露ばくろ disclosure, exposure, revelation
化け to appear in disguise, to take the form of,

ばける
る to change for the worse
罰ばち (divine) punishment, curse, retribution
伐ばつ strike, attack, punish
ばてる to be exhausted, to be worn out
発条ばね spring (e.g. coil leaf)
散蒔 to disseminate, to scatter, to give money

ばらまく
く freely
判ばん size (of paper or books)
万ばん many, all
万人ばんじん all people, everybody, 10000 people
万能ばんのう all-purpose, almighty, omnipotent
1
番目ばんめ cardinal number suffix
非ひ faulty-, non-
費ひ cost, expense
延い not only...but also, in addition to,

ひいては
ては consequently
ひかえし
控室つ waiting room
控え to draw in, to hold back, to make notes, to

ひかえる
る be temperate in
悲観ひかん pessimism, disappointment
匹ひき head, small animal counter, roll of cloth
引きひきあげ
上げる to withdraw, to leave, to pull out, to retire
る
率い to lead, to spearhead (a group), to

ひきいる
る command (troops)
引き to undertake, to take up, to take over, to

ひきうけ
受ける be responsible for, to guarantee, to
る contract (disease)
引きひきおこ
起こす to cause
す
引きひきさげ to pull down, to lower, to reduce, to

下げる withdraw
1
引き to seduce, to drag along, to pull, to

ひきずる
ずる prolong, to support
引き to take charge of, to take over, to retire to

ひきとる
取る a private place
引き
分けひきわけ a draw (in competition), tie game
否決ひけつ rejection, negation, voting down
非行ひこう delinquency, misconduct
日頃ひごろ normally, habitually
久しひさしい long, long-continued, old (story)

い
久しひさしぶ
振りり after a long time
悲惨ひさん misery
秘書ひしょ (private) secretary
比重ひじゅう specific gravity
密かひそか secret, private, surreptitious
浸すひたす to soak, to dip, to drench
一向ひたすら earnestly
左利ひだりき left-handedness, sake drinker, left-hander
1
きき
引っ
掻くひっかく to scratch
引っ 1. to hang (something) on (something), to

ひっかけ
掛ける throw on (clothes), 2. to hook, to catch, to
る trap, to ensnar
ひっしゅ
必修 required (subject)
う
匹敵ひってき comparing with, match, rival, equal
eighth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Ram

未ひつじ
1pm-3pm south-southwest June)
必然ひつぜん inevitable, necessary
一息ひといき puffy, a breath, a pause, an effort
単ひとえ one layer, single
personality, character, personal

人柄ひとがら
appearance, gentility
一頃ひところ once, some time ago
人質ひとじち hostage, prisoner
一筋ひとすき a line, earnestly, blindly, straightforwardly
一ま
ずひとまず for the present, once, in outline
一人ひとりで by itself, automatically, naturally
1
でにに
cruel, awful, severe, very bad, serious,

酷いひどい
terrible, heavy, violent
日取ひどり fixed date, appointed day

り
雛ひな young bird, chick, doll
日向ひなた sunny place, in the sun
非難ひなん blame, attack, criticism
避難ひなん taking refuge, finding shelter
日の
丸ひのまる the Japanese flag
火花ひばな spark
日々ひび every day, daily, day after day
悲鳴ひめい shriek, scream
百科ひゃっか encyclopedia
事典じてん
百科ひゃっか
辞典じてん encyclopedia
冷や to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to

ひやかす
かす cool, to refrigerate
日焼
けひやけ sunburn
1
票ひょう label, ballot, ticket, sign
標語ひょうご motto, slogan, catchword
ひょっと possibly, accidentally
平たひらたい flat, even, level, simple, plain

い
比率ひりつ ratio, proportion, percentage
肥料ひりょう manure, fertilizer
比例ひれい proportion
疲労ひろう fatigue, weariness
広ま
るひろまる to spread, to be propagated
貧困ひんこん poverty, lack
品質ひんしつ quality
品種ひんしゅ brand, kind, description
ひんじゃ
貧弱 poor, meagre, insubstantial
く
頻繁ひんぱん frequency
美び beauty
微笑びしょう smile
美術びじゅつ art, fine arts
1
be surprised, be amazed, be frightened,

吃驚びっくり
astonishment
びっしょ
り wet through, drenched
びょう
描写 depiction, description, portrayal
しゃ
びり last on the list, at the bottom
minuscule amount, extremely small

微量びりょう
quantity
sensibility, susceptibility, sensitive (to),

敏感びんかん
well attuned to
貧乏びんぼう poverty, destitute, poor
歩ふ pawn (in chess or shogi)
不意ふい sudden, abrupt, unexpected, unforeseen
封ふう seal
封鎖ふうさ blockade, freezing (funds)
ふうしゅ
風習う custom
1. manners, customs, 2. sex service, sex

風俗ふうぞく
industry
natural features, topography, climate,

風土ふうど
spiritual features
1
不可ふかけつ indispensable, essential

欠
深め
るふかめる to deepen, to heighten, to intensify
ominous, sinister, bad luck, ill omen,

不吉ふきつ
inauspiciousness
不況ふきょう recession, depression, slump
布巾ふきん tea-towel, dish cloth
福ふく good fortune
ふくきゅ
復旧う restoration, restitution, rehabilitation
複合ふくごう composite, complex
福祉ふくし welfare, well-being
覆面ふくめん mask, veil, disguise
膨れ to get cross, to get sulky, to swell (out), to

ふくれる
る expand, to be inflated, to distend, to bulge
business recession, hard times,

不景
気ふけいき depression, gloom, sullenness,
cheerlessness
老け
るふける to age
布告ふこく edict, ordinance, proclamation
1
富豪ふごう wealthy person, millionaire
負債ふさい debt, liabilities
相応ふさわし appropriate
しいい
不在ふざい absence
不山 to romp, to gambol, to frolic, to joke, to

ふざける
戯る make fun of, to flirt
負傷ふしょう injury, wound
incomplete understanding, doubt,

不審ふしん question, distrust, suspicion, strangeness,
infidelity
不振ふしん dullness, depression, slump, stagnation
不順ふじゅん irregularity, unseasonableness
attached, belonging, affiliated, annexed,

付属ふぞく associated, subordinate, incidental,
dependent, auxiliary
負担ふたん burden, charge, responsibility
bad condition, not to work out (ie a deal),

不調ふちょう disagreement, break-off, disorder, slump,
out of form
復活ふっかつ revival (e.g. musical), restoration
復興ふっこう revival, renaissance, reconstruction
1
沸騰ふっとう boiling, seething
仏ふつ French
suddenly, casually, accidentally,

不図ふと
incidentally, unexpectedly, unintentionally
injustice, impropriety, unreasonableness,

不当ふとう
undeservedness, unfair, invalid
不動ふどうさ
real estate
産ん
赴任ふにん (proceeding to) new appointment
腐敗ふはい decay, depravity
不評ふひょう bad reputation, disgrace, unpopularity
不便ふびん pity, compassion
dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval,

不服ふふく objection, complaint, protest,
disagreement
普遍ふへん universality, ubiquity, omnipresence
踏ま
えるふまえる to be based on, to have origin in
文ふみ letter, writings
unknown, obscure, indistinct, uncertain,

不明ふめい ambiguous, ignorant, lack of wisdom,
anonymous, unidentified
1
扶養ふよう support, maintenance
振りふり pretence, show, appearance
振り outset, starting point, drawing or issuing

ふりだし
出し (draft)
不良ふりょう badness, delinquent, inferiority, failure
浮力ふりょく buoyancy, floating power
震わふるわせ
せるる to be shaking, to be trembling
付録ふろく appendix, supplement
分ふん minute
憤慨ふんがい indignation, resentment
紛失ふんしつ losing something
ふんしゅ spewing, gushing, spouting, eruption,

噴出つ effusion
紛争ふんそう dispute, trouble, strife
ふんだん plentiful, abundant, lavish
奮闘ふんとう hard struggle, strenuous effort
粉末ふんまつ fine powder
department, part, category, counter for

部ぶ
copies of a newspaper or magazine
1
部下ぶか subordinate person
ぶかぶか too big, baggy
侮辱ぶじょく insult, contempt, slight
武装ぶそう arms, armament, armed
斑ぶち spots, speckles, mottles
物資ぶっし goods, materials
物体ぶったい body, object
物議ぶつぎ public discussion (criticism)
打付 to knock, to run into, to nail on, to strike

ぶつける
ける hard, to hit and attack
仏像ぶつぞう Buddhist image (statue)
無難ぶなん safety, security
class, group, category, department, field,

部門ぶもん
branch
ぶらぶらさげ
下げ to hang, to suspend, to dangle, to swing
る
る
dangle heavily, swing, sway to and fro,

ぶらぶら aimlessly, idly, lazily, loiter, loaf, be idle,
stroll idly
武力ぶりょく armed might, military power, the sword,
1
force
無礼ぶれい impolite, rude
文化ぶんかざ cultural assets, cultural property

財い
ぶんぎょ division of labor, specialization, assembly-

分業う line production
文語ぶんご written language, literary language
dispersion, decentralization, variance

分散ぶんさん
(statistics)
分子ぶんし numerator, molecule
document, writing, letter, note, records,

文書ぶんしょ
archives
分担ぶんたん apportionment, sharing
分配ぶんぱい division, sharing
分母ぶんぼ denominator
separation, detachment, segregation,

分離ぶんり
isolation
分裂ぶんれつ split, division, break up
兵器へいき arms, weapons, ordinance
閉口へいこう shut mouth
1
(going) side by side, concurrent, abreast,

平行へいこう at the same time, occurring together,
parallel, parallelism
closing, closure, shutdown, lockout,

閉鎖へいさ
unsociable
兵士へいし soldier
へいじょ
平常う normal, usual
平方へいほう square (e.g. metre), square
並列へいれつ arrangement, parallel, abreast
wince, shrink back, succumbing to, being

辟易へきえき
frightened, disconcerted
臍へそ navel, belly-button
隔た
るへだたる to be distant
へりくだ to deprecate oneself and praise the

謙るる listener
経るへる to pass, to elapse, to experience
compilation, editing, completed poem,

編へん
book, part of book
side, left radical of a character, inclining,

偏へん
inclining toward, biased
1
change, reform, revolution, upheaval,

変革へんかく
(the) Reformation
返還へんかん return, restoration
偏見へんけん prejudice, narrow view
返済へんさい repayment
変遷へんせん change, transition, vicissitudes
返答へんとう reply
変動へんどう change, fluctuation
弁解べんかい explanation, justification, defence, excuse
convenience, accommodation, advantage,

便宜べんぎ
expedience
弁護べんご defense, pleading, advocacy
べんしょ next word, compensation, reparation,

弁償う indemnity, reimbursement
弁論べんろん discussion, debate, argument
ぺこぺこ fawn, be very hungry
穂ほ ear (of plant), head (of plant)
nursing, nurturing, rearing, lactation,

保育ほいく
suckling
倣ほう imitate, follow, emulate
1
法案ほうあん bill (law)
collapse, decay (physics), crumbling,

崩壊ほうかい
breaking down, caving in
法学ほうがく law, jurisprudence
abandonment, renunciation, abdication

放棄ほうき
(responsibility right)
treasured article or vessel, outstanding

宝器ほうき
individual
封建ほうけん feudalistic
豊作ほうさく abundant harvest, bumper crop
方策ほうさく plan, policy
奉仕ほうし attendance, service
方式ほうしき form, method, system
放射ほうしゃ radiation, emission
放射ほうしゃ
能のう radioactivity
ほうしゅ
報酬 remuneration, recompense, reward, toll
う
ほうしゅ
放出つ release, emit
報じほうじる to inform, to report

る
1
報ずほうずる to inform, to report

る
leave as is, leave to chance, leave alone,

放置ほうち
neglect
法廷ほうてい courtroom
報道ほうどう information, report
褒美ほうび reward, prize
to bury, to inter, to entomb, to consign to

葬るほうむる
oblivion, to shelve
放りほうりこ
込むむ to throw into
放りほうりだ to throw out, to fire, to expel, to give up, to

出すす abandon, to neglect
飽和ほうわ saturation
retaining warmth, keeping heat in, heat

保温ほおん
insulation
捕獲ほかく capture, seizure
charge, custody, safekeeping, deposit,

保管ほかん
storage
補給ほきゅう supply, supplying, replenishment
補強ほきょう compensation, reinforcement
1
保険ほけん insurance, guarantee
捕鯨ほげい whaling, whale fishing
誇るほこる to boast of, to be proud of
綻びほころび to come apart at the seams, to begin to

るる open, to smile broadly
care, protection, shelter, guardianship,

保護ほご
favor, patronage
乾ほし dried, cured
干しほしもの dried washing (clothes)

物
保守ほしゅ conservative, maintaining
guarantee, security, assurance, pledge,

保障ほしょう
warranty
補償ほしょう compensation, reparation
supplementation, supplement,
補充ほじゅう
replenishment, replenishing
補助ほじょ assistance, support, aid, auxiliary
舗装ほそう pavement, road surface
補足ほそく supplement, complement
発作ほっさ fit, spasm
1
ほっと feel relieved
頬っほっぺた cheek
ぺた
辺りほとり (in the) neighbourhood, vicinity, nearby
殆どほとんど mostly, almost
解くほどく to unfasten
to donate, to give, to conduct, to apply, to

施すほどこす
perform
day care worker in a kindergarten nursery

保母ほぼ
school etc.
health preservation, recuperation,

保養ほよう
recreation
捕吏ほり constable
捕虜ほりょ prisoner (of war)
滅び to be ruined, to go under, to perish, to be

ほろびる
る destroyed
滅ぼ
すほろぼす to destroy, to overthrow, to wreck, to ruin
本格ほんかく propriety, fundamental rules
本館ほんかん main building
本気ほんき seriousness, truth, sanctity
1
本質ほんしつ essence, true nature, reality
本体ほんたい substance, real form, object of worship
本音ほんね real intention, motive
本のほんの mere, only, just
本能ほんのう instinct
本場ほんば home, habitat, center, best place, genuine
本文ほんぶん text (of document), body (of letter)
ほんみょ
本名 real name
う
fourth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Hare

卯ぼう
5am-7am east February)
防衛ぼうえい defense, protection, self-defense
防火ぼうか fire prevention, fire fighting, fire proof
disturbance, obstruction, hindrance,

妨害ぼうがい
jamming, interference
紡績ぼうせき spinning
dumbfounded, overcome with surprise, in

呆然ぼうぜん
blank amazement
ぼうちょ
膨脹 expansion, swelling, increase, growth
う
冒頭ぼうとう beginning, start, outset
1
暴動ぼうどう insurrection, rebellion, revolt, riot, uprising
暴風ぼうふう storm, windstorm, gale
ぼうりょ
暴力 violence
く
募金ぼきん fund-raising, collection of funds
牧師ぼくし pastor, minister, clergyman
母校ぼこう alma mater
ぼっしゅ
没収う forfeited
坊ぼっちゃ
ちゃ son (of others)
ん
ん
ぼつぼつ gradually, here and there, spots, pimples
没落ぼつらく ruin, fall, collapse
ぼやく to grumble, to complain
ぼやける to become dim, to become blurred
rag, scrap, tattered clothes, fault (esp. in a

藍褸ぼろ
pretense), defect, run-down or junky
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of

枚まい
paper)
埋蔵まいぞう buried property, treasure trove
1
舞うまう to dance, to flutter about, to revolve
真上まうえ just above, right overhead
前売まえうり advance sale, booking

り
前置
きまえおき preface, introduction
前まえもっ
もっ in advance, beforehand, previously
て
て
任すまかす to entrust, to leave to a person
負か
すまかす to defeat
賄うまかなう to give board to, to provide meals, to pay
曲がまがる to turn, to bend

る
巻まき volume
紛ら confusing, misleading, equivocal,

まぎらわ
わししい ambiguous
い
紛れまぎれる to be diverted, to slip into

る
膜まく membrane, film
verb suffix to indicate reckless abandon to

捲るまくる
the activity
1
真心まこころ sincerity, devotion
truth, faith, fidelity, sincerity, trust,

誠まこと
confidence, reliance, devotion
真にまことに truly, actually, really
まごつく to be confused, to be flustered
正し
くまさしく surely, no doubt, evidently
正にまさに correctly, surely
勝るまさる to excel, to surpass, to outrival
extra, additional, less objectionable,

増しまし
better, preferable
真下ました right under, directly below
況し still more, still less (with neg. verb), to say

まして
て nothing of, not to mention
交えまじえる to mix, to converse with, to cross (swords)

る
交わ to cross, to intersect, to associate with, to

まじわる
る mingle with, to interest, to join
麻酔ますい anaesthesia
益々ますます increasingly, more and more
不味まずい unappetising, unpleasant (taste

い
1
appearance situation), ugly, unskilful,

awkward, bungling, unwise, untime
股また groin, crotch, thigh
跨が
るまたがる to extend over or into, to straddle
跨ぐまたぐ to straddle
瞬きまたたき wink, twinkling (of stars), flicker (of light)
待ちまちあわ
合わ appointment
せ
せ
間違 to make a mistake, to be incorrect, to be

まちがう
う mistaken
待ちまちどお
遠し looking forward to
しい
い
待ちまちのぞ
望むむ to look anxiously for, to wait eagerly for
1. several, various, divergent, conflicting,

区々まちまち
different, diverse, 2. trivial
末期まっき closing years (period days), last stage
真っまっぷた
二つつ in two equal parts
的まと mark, target
1
纏ままとまり conclusion, settlement, consistency

り
纏めまとめ settlement, conclusion
to escape from, to be rescued from, to

免れまぬかれ
るる avoid, to evade, to avert, to elude, to be
exempted, to be relieved
招きまねき invitation
麻痺まひ paralysis, palsy, numbness, stupor
眩し
いまぶしい dazzling, radiant
目蓋まぶた eyelid
間々まま occasionally, frequently
間もまもなく soon, before long, in a short time

なく
眉まゆ eyebrow
鞠まり ball
丸ご
とまるごと in its entirety, whole, wholly
丸っまるっき completely, perfectly, just as if

きりり
quite, entirely, completely, at all, as if, as

丸でまるで
though, so to speak
1
丸々まるまる completely
to make round, to round off, to roll up, to

丸め
るまるめる curl up, to seduce, to cajole, to explain
away
満月まんげつ full moon
まんじょ
満場 unanimous, whole audience
う
真ん
中まんなか middle, centre, mid-way
真んまんまえ right in front, under the nose

前
真んまんまる
丸いい perfectly circular
三み (num) three
見合みあい formal marriage interview

い
見合 to exchange glances, to postpone, to

みあわせ
わせる suspend operations, to refrain from
る performing an action
見落
とすみおとす to overlook, to fail to notice
未開みかい savage land, backward region, uncivilized
味覚みかく taste, palate, sense of taste
1
見掛 to (happen to) see, to notice, to catch

みかける
ける sight of
三日
月みかずき new moon, crescent moon
見方みかた viewpoint
見苦みぐるし unsightly, ugly

しいい
見込
みみこみ hope, prospects, expectation
未婚みこん unmarried
惨めみじめ miserable
inexperience, unripeness, raw, unskilled,

未熟みじゅく
immature, inexperienced
微塵みじん particle, atom
見すみすぼら
ぼらしい shabby, seedy
しい
見せみせびら
びら to show off, to flaunt
かす
かす
見せ
物みせもの show, exhibition
満たみたす to satisfy, to ingratiate, to fill, to fulfill

す
1
to throw out of order, to disarrange, to

乱すみだす
disturb
乱れ to get confused, to be disordered, to be

みだれる
る disturbed
未知みち not yet known
導くみちびく to be guided, to be shown
身近みぢか near oneself, close to one, familiar
みっしゅ
密集 crowd, close formation, dense
う
密接みっせつ related, connected, close, intimate
見っみっとも
ともない shameful, indecent
ない
蜜みつ nectar, honey
密度みつど density
見積みつもり estimation, quotation

り
未定みてい not yet fixed, undecided, pending
見通 perspective, unobstructed view, outlook,

みとおし
し forecast, prospect, insight
源みなもと source, origin
身なみなり personal appearance
1
峰みね peak, ridge
見逃
すみのがす to miss, to overlook, to leave at large
見晴みはらし view
らし
身振
りみぶり gesture
enquiry, expression of sympathy,

見舞みまい
expression of concern
脈みゃく pulse
lingering affection, attachment, regret(s),

未練みれん
reluctance
見渡 to look out over, to survey (scene), to take

みわたす
す an extensive view of
民主みんしゅ democratic, the head of the nation
みんしゅ private home providing lodging for

民宿く travelers
people, race, nation, racial customs, folk

民族みんぞく
customs
people, race, nation, racial customs, folk

民俗みんぞく
customs
六む (num) six
1
無意むいみ nonsense, no meaning

味
direction, situation, exposure, aspect,

向きむき
suitability
無口むくち reticence
向けむけ for ~, oriented towards ~
婿むこ son-in-law
無効むこう invalid, no effect, unavailable
無言むごん silence
毟るむしる to pluck, to pick, to tear
無邪むじゃき innocence, simple-mindedness

気
結びむすび ending, conclusion, union
結びむすびつ
付きき connection, relation
結びむすびつ to be connected or related, to join together

付くく
結び to combine, to join, to tie on, to attach with

むすびつ
付けける a knot
る
無線むせん wireless, radio
無駄むだづか waste money on, squander money on,

遣いい
1
flog a dead horse
無断むだん without permission, without notice
無知むち ignorance
absurd, unreasonable, excessive, rash,

無茶むちゃ
absurdity, nonsense
無茶むちゃく confused, jumbled, mixed up,

苦茶ちゃ unreasonable
空し vacant, futile, vain, void, empty,

むなしい
い ineffective, lifeless
無念むねん chagrin, regret
無能むのう inefficiency, incompetence
無闇 unreasonably, absurdly, recklessly,

むやみに
に indiscreetly, at random
useless, futility, needlessness,

無用むよう
unnecessariness
群が
るむらがる to swarm, to gather
無論むろん of course, naturally
名産めいさん noted product
めいしょ
名称 name
う
1
めいちゅ
命中 a hit
う
名簿めいぼ register of names
名誉めいよ honor, credit, prestige
めいりょ
明瞭う clarity
明朗めいろう bright, clear, cheerful
目方めかた weight
恵みめぐみ blessing
恵むめぐむ to bless, to show mercy to
目覚めざまし brilliant, splendid, striking, remarkable

しいい
目覚
めるめざめる to wake up
to call, to send for, to put on, to wear, to

召すめす take (a bath), to ride in, to buy, to eat, to
drink, to catch (a
雌めす female (animal)
滅茶めちゃく absurd, unreasonable, excessive, messed

苦茶ちゃ up, spoiled, wreaked
目付
きめつき look, expression of the eyes, eyes
1
滅亡めつぼう downfall, ruin, collapse, destruction
愛でめでたい auspicious
たい
目眩めまい dizziness, giddiness
目盛めもり scale, gradations
面会めんかい interview
免除めんじょ exemption, exoneration, discharge
面す
るめんする to face on, to look out on to
face, honour, reputation, prestige, dignity,

面目めんぼく
credit
設け
るもうける to create, to establish
申しもうしい
入れ to propose, to suggest
れる
る
申しもうしこ application, entry, request, subscription,

込みみ offer, proposal, overture, challenge
申出もうしで proposal, request, claim, report, notice
to report to, to tell, to suggest, to submit,

申しもうしで
出るる to request, to make an offer, to come
forward with informati
申しもうしぶ objection, shortcomings
1
分ん
盲点もうてん blind spot
猛烈もうれつ violent, vehement, rage
藻掻
くもがく to struggle, to wriggle, to be impatient
目録もくろく catalogue, catalog, list
目論 a plan, a scheme, a project, a program,

もくろみ
見 intention, goal
模型もけい model, dummy, maquette
模索もさく groping (for)
若しもし if, in case, supposing
若しもしかし
かしたら perhaps, maybe, by some chance
たら
若しもしかし
かし perhaps, possibly
て
て
若しもしかす
かすると perhaps, maybe, by some chance
ると
若しもしくは or, otherwise

くは
若し
ももしも if
1
齎らもたらす to bring, to take, to bring about

す
凭れ to lean against, to lean on, to recline on,

もたれる
る to lie heavy (on the stomach)
1. hold, charge, keep possession, in

持ちもち charge, 2. wear, durability, life, draw, 3.
usage (suff)
持ち
もちきり hot topic, talk of the town
切り
物体もったい too good, more than one deserves,

ないない wasteful, sacrilegious, unworthy of
以てもって with, by, by means of, because, in view of
専らもっぱら wholly, solely, entirely
持てもてなす to entertain, to make welcome

成す
持て
るもてる to be well liked, to be popular
基もとい basis
物置ものおき storeroom
き
物好
きものずき curiosity
物足ものたり
りな unsatisfied, unsatisfactory
ない
い
1
最早もはや already, now
exemplar, exemplification, exemplum,

模範もはん
model, example
模倣もほう imitation, copying
揉め
るもめる to disagree, to dispute
腿もも thigh, femur
to hold (a meeting), to give (a dinner), to

催すもよおす feel, to show signs of, to develop
symptoms of, to feel (sick
漏らもらす to let leak, to reveal

す
盛りもりあが
上がる to rouse, to swell, to rise
る
漏るもる to leak, to run out
漏れ to leak out, to escape, to come through, to

もれる
る shine through, to filter out, to be omitted
脆いもろい brittle, fragile, tender-hearted
もろに completely, all the way
問もん problem, question
矢や arrow
1
哉や question mark
喧しやかまし noisy, strict, fussy

いい
野外やがい fields, outskirts, open air, suburbs
軈てやがて before long, soon, at length
walking around at night, night train, night

夜行やぎょう
travel
やくしょ
役職 post, managerial position, official position
く
役立 to be useful, to be helpful, to serve the

やくだつ
つ purpose
役場やくば town hall
夜具やぐ bedding
優やさ gentle, affectionate
屋敷やしき mansion
養うやしなう to rear, to maintain, to cultivate
社やしろ Shinto shrine
野心やしん ambition, aspiration, designs, treachery
易いやすい easy
安っやすっぽ cheap-looking, tawdry, insignificant

ぽいい
1
休めやすめる to rest, to suspend, to give relief

る
野生やせい wild
矢鱈
にやたらに randomly, recklessly, blindly
夜中やちゅう all night, the whole night
奴やっこ servant, fellow
やっやっつけ
付け to beat
る
る
矢っ also, as I thought, still, in spite of,

やっぱり
張り absolutely
野党やとう opposition party
病やまい illness, disease
darkness, the dark, black-marketeering,

闇やみ
dark, shady, illegal
病むやむ to fall ill, to be ill
止むやむをえ
を得ない cannot be helped, unavoidable
ない
a little, partially, somewhat, a short time, a

稍やや
while
ややこし puzzling, tangled, complicated, complex
1
遣りやりとお
通すす to carry through, to achieve, to complete
やりやりとげ
遂げ to accomplish
る
る
to do, to have sexual intercourse, to kill, to

遣るやる give (to inferiors animals etc.), to dispatch
(a letter
和らやわらげ
げるる to soften, to moderate, to relieve
優位ゆうい predominance, ascendancy, superiority
憂鬱ゆううつ depression, melancholy, dejection, gloom
有益ゆうえき beneficial, profitable
supremacy, predominance, being superior

優越ゆうえつ
to
勇敢ゆうかん bravery, heroism, gallantry
有機ゆうき organic
夕暮
れゆうぐれ evening, (evening) twilight
融資ゆうし financing, loan
有すゆうする to own, to be endowed with

る
1
lending (money), accommodation,

融通ゆうずう
adaptability, versatility, finance
superiority, superior power,

優勢ゆうせい
predominance, preponderance
優先ゆうせん preference, priority
guidance, leading, induction, introduction,

誘導ゆうどう
incitement, inducement
優美ゆうび grace, refinement, elegance
有望ゆうぼう good prospects, full of hope, promising
遊牧ゆうぼく nomadism
夕焼
けゆうやけ sunset
ゆうりょ
有力 1. influence, prominence, 2. potent
く
幽霊ゆうれい ghost, specter, apparition, phantom
誘惑ゆうわく temptation, allurement, lure
揺さ
ぶるゆさぶる to shake, to jolt, to rock, to swing
茹でゆでる to boil
る
ゆとり reserve, affluence, room, time (to spare)
指差ゆびさす to point at
1
弓ゆみ bow (and arrow)
揺ら
ぐゆらぐ to swing, to sway, to shake, to tremble
緩むゆるむ to become loose, to slacken
緩めゆるめる to loosen, to slow down

る
緩や
かゆるやか lenient
世よ world, society, age, generation
好いよい good
要因よういん primary factor, main cause
溶液ようえき solution (liquid)
用件ようけん business
養護ようご protection, nursing, protective care
用紙ようし blank form
様式ようしき style, form, pattern
要すようする to demand, to require, to take

る
要請ようせい claim, demand, request, application
1
養成ようせい training, development
様相ようそう aspect
用品ようひん articles, supplies, parts
洋風ようふう western style
用法ようほう directions, rules of use
要望ようぼう demand for, request
余暇よか leisure, leisure time, spare time
予感よかん presentiment, premonition
余興よきょう side show, entertainment
預金よきん deposit, bank account
抑圧よくあつ check, restraint, oppression, suppression
浴室よくしつ bathroom, bath
抑制よくせい suppression
欲深よくふか greedy
いい
欲望よくぼう desire, appetite
寄こ
すよこす to send, to forward
横綱よこづな sumo grand champion
1
葦よし reed, bulrush
善し good or bad, merits or demerits, quality,

よしあし
悪し suitability
expectation, anticipation, prediction,

予想よそう
forecast
余所よそみ looking away, looking aside

見
余地よち place, room, margin, scope
依っ therefore, consequently, accordingly,

よって
て because of
very, greatly, much, to a large extent,

余程よっぽど
quite
government party, (ruling) party in power,

与党よとう
government
呼びよびとめ
止め to challenge, to call somebody to halt
る
る
夜更 staying up late, keeping late hours, sitting

よふかし
かし up late at night, nighthawk
夜更よふけ late at night

け
読みよみあげ
上げる to read out loud (and clearly), to call a roll
る
1
寄り to lean against, to recline on, to lean on,

よりかか
掛かる to rely on
る
宜し well, properly, suitably, best regards,

よろしく
く please remember me
弱ま to abate, to weaken, to be emaciated, to

よわまる
る be dejected, to be perplexed
弱め
る
よわめる to weaken
to weaken, to be troubled, to be downcast,

弱るよわる to be emaciated, to be dejected, to be
perplexed, to impair
らいじょ
来場 attendance
う
酪農らくのう dairy (farm)
落下らっか fall, drop, come down
楽観らっかん optimism
abuse, misuse, misappropriation, using to

濫用らんよう
excess
理屈りくつ theory, reason
利根りこん intelligence
利子りし interest (bank)
利潤りじゅん profit, returns
1
理性りせい reason, sense
利息りそく interest (bank)
立体りったい solid body
立法りっぽう legislation, lawmaking
利点りてん advantage, point in favor
略語りゃくご abbreviation, acronym
りゃくだ
略奪 pillage, plunder, looting, robbery
つ
流りゅう styleof, method of, manner of
りゅうつ circulation of money or goods, flow of

流通う water or air, distribution
了りょう finish, completion, understanding
料りょう material, charge, rate, fee
りょうい area, domain, territory, field, region,

領域き regime
りょうか comprehension, consent, understanding,

了解い roger (on the radio)
りょうか
領海 territorial waters
い
りょう both extremities, north and south poles,

両極きょく positive and negative poles
1
りょうこ
良好 favorable, satisfactory
う
りょうし
良識き good sense
りょうし
良質 good quality, superior quality
つ
acknowledgement, understanding (e.g.

りょう
了承しょう please be understanding of the mess
during our renovation)
りょうし
良心ん conscience
領地りょうち territory, dominion
領土りょうど dominion, territory, possession
りょうり compatibility, coexistence, standing

両立つ together
旅客りょかく passenger (transport)
旅券りょけん passport
履歴りれき personal history, background, career, log
理論りろん theory
輪りん counter for wheels and flowers
りんぎょ
林業う forestry
1
類似るいじ analogous
類推るいすい analogy
cruelty, coldheartedness, relentless,

冷酷れいこく
ruthless
冷蔵れいぞう cold storage, refrigeration
冷淡れいたん coolness, indifference
love, love-making, passion, emotion,

恋愛れんあい
affections
れんきゅ
連休 consecutive holidays
う
連日れんじつ every day, prolonged
れんじゅ
連中う colleagues, company, a lot
連帯れんたい solidarity
連邦れんぽう commonwealth, federation of states
連盟れんめい league, union, alliance
老衰ろうすい senility, senile decay
朗読ろうどく reading aloud, recitation
浪費ろうひ waste, extravagance
ろうりょ
労力 labour, effort, toil, trouble
く
1
碌なろくな satisfactory, decent
碌にろくに well, enough, sufficient
1. frank, blunt, plain, outspoken, 2.

露骨ろこつ
conspicuous, open, 3. broad, suggestive
論議ろんぎ discussion
論理ろんり logic
和わ sum, harmony, peace
我が selfishness, egoism, wilfulness,

わがまま
まま disobedience, whim
枠わく frame, slide
惑星わくせい planet
技わざ art, technique
態とわざと on purpose
expressly, specially, doing something

態々わざわざ
especially rather than incidentally
煩わわずらわ
しいしい troublesome, annoying, complicated
渡りわたりど migratory bird, bird of passage

鳥り
詫びわび apology
和風わふう Japanese style
1
和文わぶん Japanese text, sentence in Japanese
藁わら straw
割合わりあい comparatively
にに
割り allotment, assignment, allocation, quota,

わりあて
当て rationing
to cut in, to thrust oneself into, to wedge

割り
込むわりこむ oneself in, to muscle in on, to interrupt, to
disturb
割りわりざん division (math)

算
割引 discount, reduction, rebate, tenths

わりびき
き discounted
悪者わるもの bad fellow, rascal, ruffian, scoundrel
アイデア idea
アクセル accelerator
アップ up
アプロー approach (in golf)

チ
アマチュ
ア amateur
アラブ Arab
1
アルカリ alkali
アルミ aluminum (Al), aluminium
アワー hour
アンケー (fr:) (n) questionnaire (fr: enquete), survey

ト
アンコー
ル encore
イエス Jesus, yes
インター interchange
チェンジ
インター
ナショナ international
ル
インター intercom
フォン
インテリ egghead, intelligentsia
インフォ
メーショ information
ン
インフレ inflation
ウェート waitress
レス
エアメー
ル air mail
1
エレガン elegant
ト
エンジニ
ア engineer
オーケー OK
オートマ automatic
チック
オープン open
オリエン
テーショ orientation
ン
オレンジ an orange
オンライ on-line
ン
カーペッ
ト carpet
カクテル cocktail
カット cut, cutting
カテゴ category
リー
カムバッ
ク comeback
カメラマ cameraman
ン
1
カルテ (de:) (n) clinical records (de: Karte)
カンニン cunning, cheat

グ
ガイド tour guide
ガイド
ブック guidebook
ガレージ garage (at house)
キャッチ catch
キャリア career, career government employee
クイズ quiz
クラブ club, crab
クレーン crane
グラフ graph
グレー grey, gray
ゲスト guest
コーナー corner
コマー a commercial
シャル
コミュニ
ケーショ communication
ン
1
コメント comment
コンタク contact, contact lens

ト
コンテス
ト contest
コントラ contrast
スト
コント
ロール control
コンパス compass
サイクル cycle
サイズ size
to be truant, to be idle, to sabotage by

サボる
slowness
サン
キュー thank you
サンタク Santa Claus

ロース
シート seat, sheet
システム system
シック chic
シナリオ scenario
1
ショー show
ショック shock
ジーパン jeans (lit: jeans pants), dungarees
ジャズ jazz
ジャン jacket, jumper

パー
ジャンプ jump
ジャンボ jumbo
ジャンル genre
スタジオ studio
スチーム steam
ストライ
キ strike
ストレス stress
ストロー straw
stroboscope (lit: strobo), strobe lamp,

ストロボ
stroboscopic lamp
スピード speed
スプリン
グ spring
1
スペース space
スポーツ sports car

カー
スラック
ス slacks
セール sale
セクショ section
ン
セックス sexual intercourse
セレモ
ニー ceremony
センス good sense (for music style tact etc.)
ゼリー 1. jelly, 2. Jerry
ソース source
ソックス socks
ソロ solo
タイトル title
タイピス typist
ト
タイマー timer
タイミン
グ timing
1
タイム time
タイム timely, run-batted-in (baseball), RBI

リー
タイヤ tire, tyre
タイル tile
タレント talent, star, personality
タワー tower
ダース dozen
ダウン down
to coincide (fall on the same day), to have

ダブる two of something, to repeat a school year
after failing
ダンプ dump
チーム
ワーク teamwork
チェンジ change
チャイム chime
チャンネ a channel
ル
ティッ
シュペー tissue paper
パー
1
テレック telex, teletypewriter exchange

ス
データ data
デコレー
ション decoration
デザート dessert
デザイン design
デッサン (fr:) (n) rough sketch (fr: dessin)
デモンス
トレー demonstration
ション
トーン tone
トラブル trouble (sometimes used as a verb)
トランジ
スター transistor
ドライ dry
ドライク
リーニン dry cleaning
グ
ドライ
バー driver, screwdriver
ドライブ drive in
イン
1
ドリル drill
game under lights (e.g. baseball) (lit:

ナイター
nighter), night game
ナプキン napkin
ナンセン
ス nonsense
ニュー new
ニュアン nuance
ス
ネガ (photographic) negative
ノイロー
ゼ (de:) (n) neurosis (de: Neurose)
ハンガー hangar, (coat) hanger, hunger
バー bar
バッジ badge
バット bat, vat
パジャマ pajamas, pyjamas
パチンコ pachinko (Japanese pinball)
パトカー patrol car
パンク 1. (abbr) puncture, bursting, 2. punk
1
ヒント hint
ビールス virus
ビジネス business
ファイト fight
ファイル file
ファン fan, fun
フィル (camera) filter

ター
フェリー ferry
フォーム foam, form
フロント front
ブーツ boots
ブーム boom
ブザー buzzer
ブルー blue
ベース base, bass
ベスト best, vest
ベストセ
ラー best-seller
1
ペア pair, pear
ホース hose
ホール hall, hole
ボイコッ boycott
ト
ボルト volt, bolt
ポーズ pause
ポイント point
ポジショ
ン position
ポット pot
ポンプ pump
マーク mark
マスコミ mass communication
マッサー massage
ジ
ミスプリ
ント misprint
ミセス Mrs.
ミュー music
ジック
1
ミリ milli-, 10^-3
ムード mood
メーカー maker
メッセー message
ジ
メディア media
メロ
ディー melody
モーテル motel
モニター (computer) monitor
ヤング young
ユニーク unique
ユニ uniform
フォーム
ライス rice
ラベル label
ランプ lamp, ramp, headlight, light
ルーズ loose
ルール rule
レース race, lace
1
レギュ regular
ラー
レクリ
エーショ recreation
ン
レッスン lesson
レディー lady
レバー lever, liver
レンジ range, stove
レンタ hire car (lit: rent-a-car)

カー
レントゲ
ン X-ray (lit: Roentgen)
ロープ rope
ローローマじ romanization, Roman letters

マ字
ロマン
チック romantic
ワット watt
近親相姦ー incest
援助交際ー Relationship with compensation,

prostitution
足踏み状態ー standstill
1
局面打開ー breakthrough in deadlocked situation
黒塗りー blackening, redacting

頓珍漢ー absurdity, contradiction
提起—bring suit, raise a claim
順応—adaption
現下—present time, current
突き放すー to thrust away, to refuse bluntly
スッパ抜くー disclose, blow the lid
交通反則—traffic violation
反則—transgression, a violation
捕食—predator
顔面蒼白—have one’s face turning pale
スカすー to leave one’s stable (sumo), to leave one’s
comfort zone.
紛れ込むー disappear into (crowds), lost into
等身大—life size
しがみ付くー to cling
薄汚い〜filthy, dirty
死角—blind spot,
尻ぬぐいー cleaning up after or covering up for someone
else
1

JLPT Resources – Top Vocab for N1 Exam

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JLPT N1 Vocab List

Kanji Hiragana English

相 あい together, mutually, fellow

civility, courtesy, compliments, sociability,

confrontation, facing, between ourselves,

愛憎 あいそう likes and dislikes, Love and hate

曖昧 あいまい vague, ambiguous

to look up (to), to respect, to depend on,

証 あかし proof, evidence

赤字 あかじ deficit, go in the red

明か あかす to pass, spend, to reveal, to divulge

明る あかるい bright, cheerful

1. slope, advance income, crop yield,

to enter, to go up, to rise, to climb up, to

商人 しょうに trader, shopkeeper, merchant

空間 あきま vacancy, room for rent or lease

諦め あきらめ resignation, acceptance, consolation

灰汁 あく Bitter taste, self-assertiveness

1. gaudy, showy, excessive, 2. Vicious, 3.

悪日 あくび unlucky day

憧れ あこがれ yearning, longing, aspiration

麻 あさ flax, linen, hemp

明後 あさって day after tomorrow

浅ま あさまし wretched, miserable, shameful, mean,

鮮や あざやか vivid, clear, brilliant

味わ あじわい flavour, meaning, significance

東 あずま east, Eastern Japan

焦る あせる to be in a hurry, to be impatient

1. (uk) there, over there, that place, 2. (X)

値 あたい value, price, cost, worth, merit

値す あたいす to be worth, to deserve, to merit

当た hit, success, reaching the mark, per ...,

当た あたりま usual, common, ordinary, natural,

another person, unrelated person,

彼方 あちこち here and there

彼方 あちら 1. there, yonder, that

deterioration, growing worse, aggravation,

悪口 あっこう abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking

あっさり easily, readily, quickly

圧迫 あっぱく pressure, coercion, oppression

扱い あつかい treatment, service

集ま あつまる to gather, to collect, to assemble

当て あて object, aim, end, hopes, expectations

当て あてじ phonetic-equivalent character, substitute

後回 あとまわ putting off, postponing

貴女 あなた you, lady

彼の あの that over there

油絵 あぶらえ oil painting

炙る あぶる To broil, to grill, to warm, to scorch

あべこべ contrary, opposite, inverse

甘え あまえる to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on

甘口 あまくち sweet flavour, mildness, flattery, stupidity

雨具 あまぐ rain gear

天 あまつ heavenly, imperial

heaven and earth, the universe, nature,

操る あやつる to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings

あやふや uncertain, vague, ambiguous

危ぶ to fear, to have misgivings, to be doubtful,

過ち あやまち fault, error, indiscretion

誤る あやまる to make a mistake

歩む あゆむ to walk, to go on foot

oh, ah, saw-edged perch (Niphon

相あい together, mutually, fellow

愛憎あいそう likes and dislikes, Love and hate

曖昧あいまい vague, ambiguous

証あかし proof, evidence

赤字あかじ deficit, go in the red

明かあかす to pass, spend, to reveal, to divulge

明るあかるい bright, cheerful

商人しょうに trader, shopkeeper, merchant

空間あきま vacancy, room for rent or lease

諦めあきらめ resignation, acceptance, consolation

灰汁あく Bitter taste, self-assertiveness

悪日あくび unlucky day

憧れあこがれ yearning, longing, aspiration

麻あさ flax, linen, hemp

明後あさって day after tomorrow

浅まあさまし wretched, miserable, shameful, mean,

鮮やあざやか vivid, clear, brilliant

味わあじわい flavour, meaning, significance

東あずま east, Eastern Japan

焦るあせる to be in a hurry, to be impatient

値あたい value, price, cost, worth, merit

値すあたいす to be worth, to deserve, to merit

当たあたりま usual, common, ordinary, natural,

彼方あちこち here and there

彼方あちら 1. there, yonder, that

悪口あっこう abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking

圧迫あっぱく pressure, coercion, oppression

扱いあつかい treatment, service

集まあつまる to gather, to collect, to assemble

当てあて object, aim, end, hopes, expectations

当てあてじ phonetic-equivalent character, substitute

後回あとまわ putting off, postponing

貴女あなた you, lady

彼のあの that over there

油絵あぶらえ oil painting

炙るあぶる To broil, to grill, to warm, to scorch

甘えあまえる to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on

甘口あまくち sweet flavour, mildness, flattery, stupidity

雨具あまぐ rain gear

天あまつ heavenly, imperial

操るあやつる to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings

過ちあやまち fault, error, indiscretion

誤るあやまる to make a mistake

歩むあゆむ to walk, to go on foot

粗筋あらすじ outline, summary

荒っあらっぽ rough, rude

現わあらわれ embodiment, materialization

或いあるいは or, possibly

彼此あれこれ one thing or another, this and that, this or

合わあわせ joint together, opposite, facing

暗算あんざん mental arithmetic

暗示あんじ hint, suggestion

案のあんの sure enough, as usual

伊井いい that one, Italy

否いいえ no, nay, yes, well

いいいいかげ moderate, right, random, not thorough,

家出いえで running away from home, leaving home

如何いかが how, in what way

生かいかす to revive, to resuscitate, to make use of

如何いかにも indeed, really, phrase meaning agreement

怒りいかり anger, hatred

怒るいかる to get angry, to be angry

粋いき chic, style, purity, essence

域外いきがい outside the area

意気いきごむ to be enthusiastic about, eager

行きいきちが misunderstanding, miss each other, e.g.,

異議いぎ objection, dissent, protest

軍いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight

戦いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight

幾多いくた many, numerous

活けいける to arrange (flowers)

異見いけん different opinion, objection

意向いこう intention, idea, inclination

移行いこう switching over to

碑いしぶみ stone monument bearing an inscription

衣装いしょう clothing, costume, outfit, garment, dress

移住いじゅう migration, immigration

弄るいじる to touch, to tamper with

異性いせい the opposite sex

遺跡いせき historic ruins (remains relics)