Egyptians were sailing as early as 2750 B.C.

____ were learning more about India and Greek sailors

England through wars and trading.
_______ were also doing exploring and mapping Arabian, Chinese, and other cultures
before the European discoveries began.
Used to measure depth. Lead line
Boating along the nile Egyptian
Egyptian
ships from different cultures on ancient times Chinese
Viking
Greek
Is the art and science of knowing where you are. Navigation
Chronometer Clock
Sailors didn’t even have good tools to tell where
they were going!
old charts
They were not very accurate. No wonder ships
often sailed off course!
Sailors used ____ to help them figure out their Nature
location
Animals like whales and birds let sailors know Land
they were close to _____.
The ______ helped sailors find their location. sun, moon and stars
The ______, also known as ____, helped sailors North Star, Polaris
to figure out their position.
A sailor would see the North Star along one edge,
and where the string fell would tell Quadrant
approximately the ship’s latitude.
A sailor could also use this _____. You lined it up
so the sun shone through one hole onto another, Astrolabe
and the pointer would show your latitude.
Lines of ____ are imaginary lines running east to Latitude
west on the Earth’s surface.
The ____ is an imaginary circle around the Earth Equator
halfway between the North and South Pole.
As you travel north or south from the Equator, latitude lines
______ help to figure out location.
A ship’s ____ tells sailors their position east and Longitude
west.
The red lines are imaginary longitude lines that pole to pole
go from _____.
The _____ is 0 degrees longitude. Prime Meridian
It used the sun’s position to determine latitude. Quadrant
Is the art of directing the movements of the Navigation
crafts from one point to another along the
desired path and has an origin going back to pre-
historic times
Uses satellites 11,000 miles from Earth. GPS
Curious
Explore
So why were navigators trying to sail anywhere Religious reasons
far in the first place? finding gold
Trade
Money
faster routes
Tools of Ancient Navigation Maps
Compass
Hourglass
Binnacle box
Quadrant
“Knots” cylinder
Lead Line
Astrolabe
____ have been used for centuries to help Maps
travelers reach their destination.
Ancient maps used Latitude
Degrees
Cardinal directions
Used to keep time aboard ship. Hourglass
To get a latitude and longitude reading you need GPS
information from three satellites.
Explorers were able to track their location by Hourglass
knowing the time and the distance they traveled.
Inside the ______ there is a compass. The
compass helps in steering the boat in the right Binnacle box
direction. The ____ has half hour time periods
marked on the top.
This tool was used by Christopher Columbus. Quadrant
Calculates distance in a set amount of time. Knots Cylinder
In ___, _____ created a very accurate _____ that 1764
would keep time at sea. Finally sailors had a tool John Harrison
to measure longitude at sea Chronometer
How were the knots calculated? Calculate knots per hour.
1 knot 51 feet
Use a ____ time period to calculate knots. thirty second
120 (“30s”) x 51 ft = 6,120 feet per hour or 1 nautical mile per hour
Information gathering is much much more GPS
reliable and faster.
The ____ was used to make maps. lead line
Ancient ship builders used three patterns to cut Moulding
shapes from wood. This was called _____ .
Used by Portuguese to determine latitude of Astrolabe
navigation.
The _____ was used to guide travelers on their Compass
journey.
_____ is a dominant part of today’s navigation. Technology
Today’s navigation is still based on _____. Mathematics
Collected samples from ocean bottom to help Lead line
explorers determine location.
It measures the angle between the horizon and Astrolabe
Polaris (North Star).
GPS Global Positioning System