Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Construction Planning
Introduction
• Hospital building differs from other building types in the complexity of
functional relationships that must exist between the various parts of the
hospital.
• The goal of health service is to improve the health status of a given population
–The service must safeguard equity and fairness of access
–It should be responsive to the perceived health needs of the community
• It should achieve this goal through the provision of efficient and effective health
service
–The health service needs to take into account available resources and the available
means and methods of health care
Factors in hospital planning
• Socio Economic profile of a community
• Existing medical facilities
• Health profile of the region
• Vernacular architecture – Local traditional architecture.
• Local Regulations
• Source of Finance
• Choice of technology
• Climatic Zones- Design and space parameters
Emerging Issues and Strategic Essentials
some of the strategic issues that must be considered are –
• Regionalization
• Pre- planning consideration
• Need assessment
• Plot ratio
• Design for flexibility and expandability
• Fulfill the demand functions – Day care, Home Care and Transmural.
• Emphasize on patient focused hospital
• Focus on energy conservation
• Intelligent buildings
• Create a healing architecture
• Aesthetic – an essential requisite
• Hospital architecture
• Go green
STEPS IN PLANNING
Need assessment
Feasibility report
Architects brief
Appointment of consultant
Award of work
Stage of commissioning
• Expanding on this with the addition of the access corridor and stringing the
rooms out in a line, as in the plan below, we see how the planning grid starts taking
form.
• Looking more closely at this plan we can see something important has been
determined, namely, the positions of the columns that will support the
building.
• We can thus see how the structural grid (in blue), the network of lines defining
the location of columns, has been derived from the planning grid.
• The structural grid need not necessarily be the same as the planning grid, but is
usually derived from it.
• Next example, we can see that the designer has decided to twist the entire
inpatient tower block at an angle to the horizontal / vertical one. This is just
one example of how the planning grid could take almost any conceivable
shape depending on what the designer wants to do with it
2. In semi-urban or rural situations, where the land available is very likely to be
larger with respect to the built-up area desired, determining the planning grid is
another ballgame, one with much greater flexibility in the rules.
• In this situation, the planning grid will be determined by what
designers call as their ‘concept’ for the hospital.
• This ‘concept’ is also an ordering tool, and will have been used to determine
the form of the hospital in even the previous example of the urban site, but
with less freedom.
BED DISTRIBUTION
• The functions of the hospital revolve around the total no. of beds & their
distribution within various depart. & services.
• The no. of beds in a hospital is the yardstick applied when referring to the size
of the hospital, its various services, occupancy rate,etc.
• Types of bed accomodations
• Bed distribution by services
• Space requirements
• Bed planning:
Population = A x S x 100
365 x PO
A = number of patients admissions/1000 populations/year
S = average length of stay PO = percentage occupancy
SPACE REQUIREMENT OF SOME BASIC DEPARTMENT
SITE SELECTION
1. Accessibility to transportation & communication lines
2. Parking facilities
3. Availability of public utilities
4. Proper elevation for drainage & general sanitary measures
5. Freedom from smoke,noise,vapours & other annoyances
6. Future expansion
7. Total cost
Stack diagram
This shows the distribution of the facilities in the various floors
and their vertical distribution with each other.
• OPD located vertically above the main entrance.
• CSSD is located vertically below the OT.
• Emergency department is located vertically below the OT complex and
birthing centre.
EQUIPMENT PLANNING
• The term ‘equipment’ means all items necessary functioning of
all services of the hospital.
• It is necessary to consult with the architect designing the building early so that
the facilities planned will be of sufficient size to accommodate the equipment
& render the necessary services.
• A room by room equipment list is then complied & reviewed by the adm,
medical & depart. staff.
Equipment Planning
• Equipment has profound effect on architectural design of hospital
Depreciable equipment This includes equipment that has a life of five years or more
and is not purchased through construction contracts. These
are large pieces of furniture which have a relatively fixed
location and are capable of being moved e.g., diagnostic and
therapeutic equipment, laboratory instruments, office
furniture etc.
Non depreciable equipment These are small items with a low unit cost and life span of
less than five years. These are generally under the control
of the store room and are bought through other than
construction contracts. They include kitchen
utencils,surgical instruments,linen,waste baskets etc.