APPLICATION OF HIGH QUALITY (GROUP II, III) BASE OILS

TO SPECIALTY LUBRICANTS

WOO-SIK MOON,
YONG-RAE CHO and
JUNG-SIK CHUN
SK Corporation

JANUARY 28, 2000

6th ANNUAL FUELS & LUBES ASIA CONFERENCE
SINGAPORE

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 Presentation Overview

• Introduction
- High Quality Base Oils
• High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils
from Fuels Hydrocracker Residue
• Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
- General Performance
- Dissolving Ability
• Applications UCO Process Products in Specialties
- Agricultural Spray Oils
- White Oils
- Coning Oils
- Transformer Oils
• Summary

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 High Quality Base Oils

• Low Volatility
• Excellent Oxidation Stability
• Excellent Low Temperature Properties
• Inherent VI being above 120

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 High Quality Base Oils

Market Forces of High Quality Base Oils

Push Pull
Formulation

Fuel efficiency OEM

Cost

Energy saving Oil Co.

Safety
High Quality
Volatility Base Oils Performance
Use
People Maintenance
Environ. friendly
Value

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 High Quality Base Oils

Four Main Options of High Quality Base Oils

• PAOs
• Di-Esters
•Wax Isomerised Base Oils
• Severely Hydrocracked Base Oils

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 High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils from Fuels
Hydrocracker Residue

SK UCO Lube Process

Fuel Hydrocracking Complex Gases

VGO HDT HDC Vacuum

Fuels
Reduced Reactor Reactor Stripper
Crude Vacuum
Distil'n
Unit
UCO (Hydrocracker Residue)

VR
BASE OILS,
WHITE OILS
Vacuum
Distil'n HDW HDT Vacuum
Unit Reactor Reactor Stripper

Lube Hydrodewaxing Complex

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 High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils from Fuels
Hydrocracker Residue

Catalysts and Operating Conditions in Hydro-Finishing Unit

for Production of White Mineral Oils

Former Current
Catalyst Description Ni, W on Alumina Pd on high Surface
with Promoter Carrier
Temperature, ‘C 245 ~ 340 230 ~ 300
Pressure, kg/cm2G 155 ~ 190 155 ~ 190
Space Velocity, kg/l/hr 1.0 1.0

SK Corporation
 High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils from Fuels
Hydrocracker Residue

Summary

• Severe Hydrocracking and Recycling of Fuels hydrocracker

Residue (UCO)
• UCO is Feedstock for High Quality VHVI Base Oils Production
• All Hydro-processing Route
- Utilization of Hydro-isomerized Dewaxing with fuels
Hydrocracker Residue and High Pressure Hydro-finishing
• Economic Process for Production High Quality Base Oils and
White Mineral Oils
- Integration of Fuels Hydrocracker and Lube Process with
Noble Metallic Catalysts

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 Product Quality of UCO Lube Process

A VHVI Base Oil, YUBASE

• 3 Viscosity grades in 2 Quality levels with VI’s in the range

110 - 135
• API Group 2, Group 3 Base Oil
• Severely Hydro-Cracked Base Oil

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 Product Quality of UCO Lube Process

Typical Properties of YUBASE

YUBASE-3 YUBASE-4 YUBASE-6

(API Gr-II) (API Gr-III) (API Gr-III)
Viscosity @ 40'C, cSt 12.3 19.1 32.5
Viscosity @100'C, cSt 3.1 4.2 6.0
Viscosity Index 115 126 133
Flash point, COC, 'C 196 220 234
Pour point, 'C -24 -15 -15
CCS vis. @-25'C, cP <500 770 2220
Noack volatility, wt% 40.0 14.5 7.0
Sulfur content, ppm <1 <1 <1
Aromatics, wt% <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

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 Product Quality of UCO Lube Process

Property Comparison of 150N Grades

Solvent Lube Hydro VHVI Synthetic

Refined Cracking YU-6 PAO-6
Viscosity @ 40'C, cSt 30.3 29.8 32.5 31.0
Viscosity @100'C, cSt 5.0 5.1 6.0 5.9
Viscosity Index 95 99 133 135
Flash point, COC, 'C 216 222 234 234
Pour point, 'C -12 -12 -15 -60
CCS vis. @-25'C, cP 4500 4000 2220 900
Noack volatility, wt% 17.0 16.5 7.0 6.8
Sulfur content, ppm 5800 300 <1 <1
Aromatics, wt% 22.5 3.5 <0.5 <0.5
RBOT, +0.3%AO, min 185 250 520 540
PCT, mg (1) 158 140 58 32

Note (1) : with 13.0% ACEA A3/B3 DI + 10.0wt% OCP VII

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 Product Quality of UCO Lube Process

Dissolving Ability Comparison of 150N Grades

Solvent Lube Hydro VHVI Naphthene

Refined Cracking YU-6 150N
Aniline point, 'C 100 116 126 79
Vis.-Grav. Constant 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.87
Carbon type distribution
Cp, % 57 64 79 47
Cn, % 38 35 21 42
Ca, % 5 1 0 11

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 Product Quality of UCO Lube Process

Summary

• Very Good Viscosity-Temperature Behavior

and Good Low Temperature Properties
• Excellent Oxidative and Thermal Stability
• Very Low Volatility
• Similar to PAO in General Performances
• No Toxic Potential
• Lack of Dissolving Ability

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 Applications of UCO Process Product

High Quality Base Oils Based Lubricants Advantages

Properties / Improvements Reasons

• Better Low Temp. Properties
• Low Oil Consumption and
Higher Flash, Fire Points
• Higher Thermal and Oxidative
Stability (Longer Life)
• Good Friction Behavior and
Wear Reduction
• Environmentally Friend
Low Wax, High VI
Low Volatility, Narrow Boiling
Ranges
High Saturates, Good Additive
Response
High VI, Low Aromatics
Low Aromatics, Low Volatility

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 Applications of UCO Process Product

Principal Uses of UCO Process Products

Automotive Oils Industrial Oils Specialties

PCMO Hydraulic Fluids Heat transfers
HDDO Turbine Oils Quenching Oils
Gear Oils Compressor Oils Cutting Oils
ATFs Vacuum Pump Oils Process Oils
Tractor Fluids Rolling Oils Spray Oils
Shock Absorber Oils White Oils
Textile Oils
Transformer Oils

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Agricultural Spray Oils

Base Oil Properties for Citrus Spray Oils

General
YUBASE-4 Criteria
Viscosity @40'C, cSt 19.1 60N~100N
Unsulfonated Residue, vol% >99 >92
Paraffinic Carbon (Cp), % 78 >60
Boiling Range by GCD
10% off, ‘C 395.0
90% off, ‘C 541.5
90% - 10% off, ‘C 56.5 <65
Carbon No. by GCD Data
10% ~ 90% off point 24~30 16~30

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Agricultural Spray Oils

Surfactants for UCO Process Product in Citrus Spray Oils

General
Spray Oil Dosage
YUBASE-4, wt% 99.35 balance
Emulsifier Package, wt% 0.65 1~3
Nonylphenoxypolyetoxy ethanol
1-Decanol
1-Octanol

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Agricultural Spray Oils

Field Test Results of UCO Process Product based Spray Oil

Spray Oil Chemical Pesticide

Test Field Northern Cheju Island, Korea
Applying Plants 9 Trees of Citrus Fruit
Target Pests Mites (Panonychus Citri)
Spraying Pesticides 1% Emulsion 0.2% Tebufenpyrad
% Mortality
@ 3days after spraying 93.8 100
@ 7days after spraying 98.7 100
@14days after spraying 99.4 99.7
@21days after spraying 99.4 99.5
Phytotoxicity none -
in 2%Emulsion Spraying

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

White Oils

Test Results of UCO Process Product as White Oils

PHAZOL-3 PHAZOL-4 PHAZOL-6 General Criteria

Viscosity @40'C, cSt 12.3 19.1 32.5
Sulfur, ppm <1 <1 <1 <1
UV Absorbance, DMSO
@260~350nm 0.018 0.020 0.021 <0.100
Readily Carbonizable pass pass pass pass
Substance

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

White Oils

Property Comparison of 70N Grade White Oils for Cosmetics

PHAZOL-3 Conventional Remark

Feedstock - Lube Hydrocracking
Base Oils
Yield Test by 3% Oleum
Acid Treating, vol% - 89 + 5% EtOH
Composition Analysis
Paraffins, wt% 41.7 30.6 ASTM D2549
Naphthenes, wt% 58.3 69.4 and D2786
Aromatics Trace Trace
GC-Mass Analysis
Below C18, vol% 1.0 3.4 Spike Peak
Spike Peak in GC Graph. None Detected n-Paraffins

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

SK Corporation
 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

SK Corporation
 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Coning Oils

Surfactants for UCO Process Product in Coning Oils

Coning Oil
YUBASE-3, wt% 92.0
Emulsifier Package, wt% 8.0
Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether
Sorbitan monooleate
Phosphate ester
Etoxylated nonyl-phenol
Oleic acid

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Coning Oils

Property Comparison of UCO Process Product based and

Conventional Base OiIs based Coning Oils
YUBASE-3 based Convent’l (A) Convent’l (B)
Appearance of Emulsion Milky White Yellowish Milky White
Emulsion Stability (1)
Light Emulsion, % - 90 -
Clear Emulsion,% 100 8 100
Oil Layer, % - 2 -
Evaporation Loss, wt% 4.0 13.7 13.0

Note (1) : Stability of 10% Solution in Tap Water, after 24hrs

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Transformer Oils

Property Comparison of UCO Process Product based and

Conventional Base OiIs based Transformer Oils
Hydrotreated
YUBASE-L3 Naphthene Paraffin Oil
Viscosity @40℃, cSt 12.1 11.7 8.4
Flash Point, PMCC, ℃ 194 136 144
Pour point, ℃ -42 -33 -21
Copper Corrosion @100℃/3hrs 1-a 2-a 1-b
Dissipation Factor, % 0.03 <0.001 0.002
Impulse Breakdown Voltage, 77.5 48 90
Point/Sphere @3.2mm, kV
Gassing Tendency +31 -19 -4
@8KV/50℃, ? l/min
Oxidation Stability @125℃/75Hrs 0.19 0.20 0.38
TAN, mgKOH/g

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Transformer Oils

Improving Gassing Tendency Performance of UCO Process

Product based Transformer Oils

YU-L3 + C13 Aro. Compound (1)

YUBASE-L3 1% C13 2% C13 3% C13

Gassing Tendency +31 -23 -26 -29

@8KV/50℃, ? l/min

Note (1) : C13 Aro. Compound is Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixture of Carbon No.10
~ 13 with Two Benzene Ring.

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 Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties

Summary

• Increasing their Applications to Industrial Lubricating Oils

and Specialties.
• Expected Limitation of Applications in Specialty Lubricant Areas
- Lack of Dissolving Ability by More Paraffinic Nature
• Can be Solved by Careful Selection of Additives and/or
Formulation with Adequate Aromatic Compounds
• Provide Various Advantages over Conventional Base Oils
based Specialty Lubricants

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