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Synthesis Lab
Class 1106
Pran Panichkul
Apinya Ungjaroensap
Pichitphon Kemphetch
Natthamon Suwanpimol
Pannavich Torsavetpong
Tanapat Suengphaisankul
Abstract
In this lab activity, the problem we faced was in the filtration process. The
way we poured a mixture over the filter paper made our results less accurate, so
we decided to repeat this process in order to get the correct result. Two main
methods we have done are synthesis and filtration. With the data from the
experiment and calculation, we were able to find the percent yield and see the
amount of product that actually produced by the reaction.
Introduction
Chemical reaction is a process in which one or more reactants are converted
into a new product. To indicate how reactants and products used up and made a
reaction, scientists came up with stoichiometry, a chemical equation used to
calculate the amount of reactants and products. Most of all stoichiometric
problems can be solved in just four simple steps: balance the equation, convert
units of a given substance into moles, calculate the moles of substances yielded by
using the mole ratio, and convert moles of wanted substances into desired units
(SparkNotes, 2019.) By doing this process, you can determine which one is the
limiting reagent -- the reactant that is entirely used up first -- and which one is the
excess reagent: the reactant that is not completely used up when the reaction is
finished. Furthermore, you can also point out the theoretical yield which is the
maximum amount of product resulting from the limiting reagent. Actual yield is the
amount of product that you actually gain from the experiment. In order to see how
good your experiment is, you can look at the percent yield, the quantity of reactant
that has been converted to a product. This can be calculated by (actual yield/
theoretical yield)*100 (Meredith, 2019.)
In this experiment, we are going to synthesize the copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2.
The reactants consisted of copper sulphate (solution A) combining with two
different amounts of sodium hydroxide (solution B/C). After we observe the
reaction of the combination of these solutions, we are going to proceed with the
filtration process. When everything is all set, we will dry it overnight in the oven. On
the next experimental day, we will weight the filter paper and solid product in order
to use in the calculation part. At the end of the lab, we will apply the stoichiometry
to find out what the limiting/excess reagent are and see whether it is match to our
result. Moreover, we will use its equation to calculate how well we have done in the
experiment by calculating the percent yield.
Objective
To distinguish the reaction between solution A+B and solution A+C after
filtration, determine which of the solution is limiting and excess reagent, and find
the percent yield of the product.
Material and Method
Chemical and Laboratory apparatus
● CuSO4 solution (Solution A 2.5g of CuSO4 in 50 mL of water )
● N aOH solution (Solution B 0.2g of N aOH in 25 mL of water )
● N aOH solution (Solution C 0.6g of N aOH in 25 mL of water )
● 100 mL beaker
● 50 mL graduated cylinder
● Stirring rod
● Filter paper
● Weighing paper
● Spatula
● Watch glass
● Funnel
● Ring stand & clamp
Experimental (Day 1)
Preparation of CuSO4 solution (Solution A)
1. Weight 2.5 g of CuSO4 dissolve in 50 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes
Preparation of N aOH solution (Solution B)
1. Weight 0.2 g of N aOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes
Preparation of N aOH solution (Solution B)
1. Weight 0.6 g of N aOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes
Synthesis of Cu(OH)2
1. Mix 25 mL of CuSO4 solution (Solution A) with 25 mL of N aOH solution
(Solution B)
2. Stir for 2-3 minutes
3. Weight the filter paper, and then record it on data table
4. Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique
5. Rinse the solid product (the rest of product left on beaker) with 10 mL of
distilled water
6. Clean the filtered solid residue (during filtration) with 10 mL of distilled water
for 2 times in order to remove N a2 SO4 salt
7. Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water
8. Carefully remove filter paper with filtered solid residue to watch glass
9. Dry it overnight in the oven
10. Repeat step 1-9 by using 25 mL of N aOH solution by using Solution C
instead of Solution B
Experimental (Day 2)
11. Weight mass of filter paper and solid product
12. Calculate the % yield of the reaction
Results
Reaction Reaction Weight of Weight of Weight of Solid product
Solution observation filter filter paper + Solid observation
(chemical/physical) paper Solid product (chemical/physical)
product