PROJEK STDF - CABI – ICCO : LATIHAN FASILITATOR

PPPK Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, 16-20 Jun 2014

PENGELUARAN KOKO DI MALAYSIA

Raize Shah Hussain
 www.koko.gov.my

KANDUNGAN PEMBENTANGAN

● Senario Pengeluaran Koko Dunia

● Senario Pengeluaran Koko Malaysia
● Perangkaan Industri Koko Malaysia
● Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia
● Sejarah Prestasi Varieti Koko Di Malaysia
Senario Pengeluaran Koko Dunia www.koko.gov.my

PENGELUARAN KOKO DUNIA

2012/13: 3.931 Juta Tan

Asia & Oceania:

12.7%
(500,000 tan)
Amerika Latin: Afrika
15.7% 71.6%
(618,000 tan) (2.813 juta tan)
Negara Pengeluar Koko Utama
www.koko.gov.my

1600 1486
1445
1400
8 Negara Pengeluar Utama
1200 (ribu tan)
1000 879 835
800
2011/12
600
440 420 2012/13
400
207 225 235 225 193 192 220 185
200
39 41
0
Permintaan dan Penawaran Koko Dunia www.koko.gov.my

4,500 4.05 juta tan

(2012/13)
4,000

3,500

3,000 3.93 juta tan

‘000 Tonnes

(2012/13)
2,500
1.56 Mil. Tonnes
2,000 (1970/71)

1,500
1.42 Mil. Tonnes Grindings Production
1,000 (1970/71)
1970/71
1972/73
1974/75

1986/87
1988/89

2000/01
2002/03
2004/05
1976/77
1978/79
1980/81
1982/83
1984/85

1990/91
1992/93
1994/95
1996/97
1998/99

2006/07
2008/09
2010/11
2012/13
 www.koko.gov.my

Menurut ICCO : 2012/2013 permintaan melebihi pengeluaran dan

Dunia mengalami defisit sebanyak 175,000 tan. Untuk tahun 2013
/2014 permintaan sekali lagi melebihi pengeluaran dan defisit dunia
iaitu sekitar 115,000 tan, berikutan La Nina dijangka bermula dari
Julai 2014.

Kita kini memasuki satu tempoh defisit biji koko dunia di mana
permintaan melebihi pengeluaran dan mungkin akan mencapai
tahap sama sekitar 2020. Harga biji koko dijangka akan tetap
setinggi US$3,664 menjelang 2019 menurut unjuran ICCO

Tukaran Matawang (11/06/2014) - 1 US$ = RM3.20


Palm oil prices set for a
volatile 2013 in
oversupplied market
Palm oil prices are set to start 2013 on a
sour note as record high stocks and
rising output in South-East Asia
overwhelm already weak demand, while
regulatory uncertainty in top buyers India
and China adds to the gloomy outlook.
www.koko.gov.my
Palm Oil Prices Poised
To Go Down in Surplus
Market
02/04/2013 (Hindu Business Line) -
Crude palm oil prices have been under
intense downward pressure for last
several months.
From a supply perspective, Indonesian
production is likely to remain strong for
the next three years at least; and any
slowdown will not materialise until about
2016. CPO production in the world’s
largest producing country is set to
expand by at least 2 million tonnes (mt)
each year next 4-5 years because of
new plantings that were undertaken in
2007-10.

Rubber May Take Crown
as King of Ivory Coast's
Economy
The Government's target is to produce
up to 600,000 tonnes by the end of
2020. In 2011, about 318,000 hectares
of land area was dedicated to rubber, up
from 304,000 hectares a year earlier.
www.koko.gov.my
Cocoa giving way to
rubber in Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast, the world's top cocoa
producer, is witnessing a rubber
boom. According to media reports,
farmers are felling their aging cocoa
trees to plant rubber which brings higher
earnings to them. The country's rubber
output has climbed to a record 234,000
tonnes in 2011, from 183,000 tonnes in
2007, according to IRSG
 www.koko.gov.my

Global cocoa prices could more than double by

2020 if output lags - Petra

By Michael Taylor
JAKARTA, March 26 (Reuters) - Global cocoa prices could more than double by
2020, rallying to a level last seen 36 years ago, if production fails to catch up with
demand, a director at Singapore-based Petra Foods PEFO.SI said on Tuesday.

Global output needs to hit at least 4 million tonnes by 2020, which is 1 million more
than now, to prevent a spike in cocoa prices, he said at the Asia Choco Congress in
Jakarta.
Petra Foods was the world’s third largest supplier of cocoa ingredients before it sold
its cocoa business to Swiss chocolate maker Barry Callebaut BARN.S in a deal
announced in December.
 www.koko.gov.my

ICCO sees global cocoa deficit in next four year

Revises up 2012/13 deficit to 86,000 T

Sees demand exceeding supply by 50,000-60,000 T in next 4 yrs
Robust demand seen from China

KUALA LUMPUR, Oct 7 (Reuters) - The global cocoa market will be in deficit in the
next four years, a top official of the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) said,
underscoring the impact of rising consumption in Asia and supply problems.

The ICCO, which groups producers and consumers, revised up its global cocoa
deficit estimated in the crop year ending September 2013 to 86,000 tonnes from
52,000 tonnes previously. The new cocoa crop year has started in October.
"We are still going to be in a deficit for the next four years, but closer to 50,000 to
60,000 tones," ICCO executive director Jean-Marc Anga told Reuters on Monday
on the sidelines of a cocoa conference.
PROSPEK HARGA 2013/2014 www.koko.gov.my

London, Tawau and Raub Prices

(Jan-Oct 2013)
PENGELUARAN 2013/14 10,000

Cote d’Ivoire - menurun 0.4% 9,000

RM/Tonne
8,000
Ghana - menurun 3.3% 7,000

Indonesia – menurun 4.4% 6,000

5,000
ICCO – menurun 2.4% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jul Aug Sep

Raub Tawau London

PERMINTAAN 2013/14
ICCO – meningkat 1.1%

STRUKTUR EKONOMI 2013/14

ICCO – DEFISIT 115,000 tan

Sumber : ICCO Quarterly Bulletin

 www.koko.gov.my

KENAPA PENGELUARAN BIJI KOKO

DIRAMAL TURUN?
(60%>26 Tahun)

KURANGNYA PENANAMAN BARU

MASALAH PENYAKIT & PEROSAK
Buah Hitam & CSSV (West African)
CPB (Malaysia & Indonesia)
Witches Broom & Monilia disease (Latin America)

13 Sumber : ADM
 www.koko.gov.my

KAWASAN TANAMAN KOKO

 www.koko.gov.my

KAWASAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT

Pengeluaran – Kadar
Negara
Pertumbuhan Tahunan
Thailand 9.96 %
Indonesia 8.11 %
Philippines 5.26 %
Colombia 4.92 %
Papua New Guinea 3.92 %
Peru 2.50 %
Malaysia 1.64 %
Ecuador 1.00 %
 Senario Pengeluaran Koko Malaysia www.koko.gov.my

350,000
285,608 Tonnes
247,000 Tonnes (2013)
300,000 (1990)

250,000

200,000
Tonnes

150,000
36,500 Tonnes
100,000 (1980)
2,809 Tonnes
(2013)
50,0006,000 Tonnes
(1980)
0

2011
1984

1989

1992

1994

1997

2002

2005

2007

2010
1980
1981
1982
1983

1985
1986
1987
1988

1990
1991

1993

1995
1996

1998
1999
2000
2001

2003
2004

2006

2008
2009

2012
2013
Production Grindings
Perangkaan Industri Koko Di Malaysia www.koko.gov.my

Maklumat 2010 2011 2012 2013e

Keluasan (ha) 20,083 20,848 11,748 13,728

Semenanjung Malaysia 4,287 4,307 2,812 3,127
Sabah 7,108 6,983 4,120 5,050
Sarawak 8,688 9,557 4,816 5,551
Pekebun Kecil 14,785 16,255 9,026 11,026
Estet 24 22 9 8
Biji Koko Kering/Ha (kg) 1,275 331 434 284
Pendapatan Kasar (RM/Ha) 1,688 936 652 584
Pengeluaran (tan) 15,654 4,605 3,645 2,809
Purata Harga Tahunan
Harga RM/tan (SMC 2)
- Tawau 8,466 8,081 6,511 6,314
- Raub 9,331 8,553 6,851 6,442
Pendapatan Eksport (RM ‘000) 4,189,465 4,215,435 3,690,221 3,625,151

Pengisaran (tan) 302,366 299,271 299,525 285,608

Nilai Import (RM ‘000) 3,679,687 3,973,023 3,598,208 3,424,110
 www.koko.gov.my

Kepentingan Pengisaran (CMG)

Bermula 2012 - Malaysia telah maju dan berkembang sehingga
menjadi pengisar kelima terbesar di dunia walau pun dengan
pengeluaran biji koko yang sikit, CMG perlu mencari jalan dengan
mengimport biji koko. Program SPS bukan sahaja di Malaysia
tetapi juga dilaksanakan di Afrika dan baru sahaja tamat. Ini
sepatutnya menggalakkan penambahbaikan dalam memastikan
pematuhan kepada keperluan-keperluan SPS

Maklumat tentang pelaksanaan program ini boleh didapati dalam

laman web ICCO termasuk satu laporan lengkap mengenai
program tersebut. Bagi mencapai visi Malaysia untuk menjadi
Raja Choklat Asia dalam bahagian hiliran pemprosesan koko,
bantuan dan kerjasama semua sektor dalam negara ini diperlukan
dan SPS adalah salah satu tujuan utama program cocoasafe ini
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia www.koko.gov.my
 Kawasan Penanaman Koko Malaysia
(mengikut Wilayah) www.koko.gov.my

Kawasan Penanaman Koko (hektar)

Tahun
Semenanjung Sabah Sarawak Malaysia
1955 265 31 - 296
1960 577 1,170 - 1,747
1965 761 2,374 - 3,135
1970 3,362 4,019 - 7,381
1975 17,587 9,823 2,870 30,280
1980 57,345 57,984 8,526 123,855
1985 106,932 172,713 24,252 303,897
1989 138,773 205,260 70,203 414,236
1990 137,931 179,648 75,886 393,465
1995 47,704 113,691 28,732 190,127
2000 15,142 51,810 8,814 75,766
2005 8,894 21,591 2,913 33,398
2006 9,085 18,545 3,752 31,382
2007 6,724 17,890 4,617 29,231
2008 6,196 8,876 5,630 20,702
2009 3,662 6,260 7,415 17,338
2010 3,920 6,809 8,688 19,417
2011 4,051 6,935 9,557 20,544
Sources : DOA Malaya (1956) ; DOA North Borneo (1959, 1961) ; DOA Sabah (1966, 1971, 1976)
DOS Malaysia (1988); MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Malaysia
(mengikut Wilayah) www.koko.gov.my

Sources : DOA Malaya (1956) ; DOA North Borneo (1959, 1961) ; DOA Sabah (1966, 1971,
1976) DOS Malaysia (1988); MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).
Pengeluaran Biji Koko Kering Malaysia
(mengikut wilayah) www.koko.gov.my

Dried cocoa bean production (tonnes)

Year Pen. M’sia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia
1970 - 2,000* - 2,000*
1975 - 13,000* - 13,000*
1980 22,678 12,358 1,464 36,500
1985 32,616 65,395 9,989 108,000
1989 80,000 143,000 20,000 243,000
1990 80,800 145,000 21,200 247,000
1995 34,073 91,953 5,449 131,475
2000 22,536 44,546 3,180 70,262
2005 11,121 14,570 2,273 27,964
2006 15,259 14,818 1,860 31,937
2007 21,871 11,474 1,835 35,180
2008 21,067 5,475 1,413 27,955
2009 13,213 3,688 1,251 18,152
2010 10,654 3,673 1,327 15,654
2011 2,040 1,754 811 4,605

Sources : DOS Malaysia (1988)* ; MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

Pengeluaran Biji Koko Kering Malaysia
(mengikut wilayah) www.koko.gov.my

Sources : DOS Malaysia (1988)* ; MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

Harga Harga Biji Koko Kering Malaysia
(mengikut wilayah) www.koko.gov.my

Sources : www.koko.gov.my
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia
Mengikut Wilayah Dan Sektor Tahun 1988, 2007 dan 2011 www.koko.gov.my

Keluasan Tanaman Koko (hektar)

1988 2007 2011
Wilayah
Pekebun Pekebun Pekebun
Estet Jumlah Estet Jumlah Estet Jumlah
Kecil Kecil Kecil

90,441 51,309 5,948 776 3,827 224

Smjg 141,750 6,724 4,051
(64%)* (36%) (88%) (12%) (95%) (5%)

58,712 2,932 4,617 0 9,557

Sarawak 61,644 4,617 0 9,557
(95%) (5%) (100%) (0%) (100%)

57,393 147,073 14,197 3,693 6,079 856

Sabah 204,466 17,890 6,935
(28%) (72%) (79%) (21%) (88%) (12%)

206,546 201,314 24,762 4,469 19,464 1,080

Malaysia 407,860 29,231 20,544
(51%) (49%) (85%) (15%) (95%) (5%)

Source: MCB (2008a, 2012).

* Figure in parenthesis denotes percentage of cocoa cultivated area by sector.
Purata Produktiviti Tanaman Koko
Malaysia (mengikut sektor) www.koko.gov.my

Purata Produktiviti (kg/ha)

Tahun Estet 1 Pekebun Kecil * Malaysia 2
1990 - - 628
1995 - - 692
1996 761 689 716
1997 805 759 756
1998 864 747 770
1999 864 838 835
2000 815 1,000 939
2001 921 1,087 1,013
2002 734 1,156 999
2003 527 962 809
2004 600 881 807
2005 534 946 841
2006 429 1,205 1,068
2007 438 1,544 1,396
2008 316 2,033 1,721
2009 329 1,914 1,668
2010 340 1,440 1,330
Source: 1. MCB (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008c).
2. MCB (2001a, 2008a).
* Estimated from the relevant data in MCB (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008c).
Kekangan dan Senario Semasa www.koko.gov.my

Penanaman koko lazimnya menjadi satu tanaman penting untuk

pekebun kecil di mana :

(1) keperluan buruh yang lebih banyak berbanding dengan sawit

dan satu pendapatan lebih baik
(2) keperluan untuk teknologi dan pengetahuan serta kemahiran
pengurusan
(3) merupakan pertanian intensif dan pengoptimuman ialah 4-6
ha setiap ladang
(4) Bukan sahaja dalam pembangunan modal insan, keperluan
untuk berpengetahuan, penggunaan pendekatan panduan dan
pengendalian betul serta storan racun perosak dalam ladang
dan SPS ialah maklumat kritikal di mana pekebun dan semua
pihak berkaitan mesti mengambil perhatian.
Kekangan dan Senario Semasa www.koko.gov.my

(5) Memastikan pengeluaran mencapai permintaan dalam

negara dan sepatutnya mempunyai pembekalan bahan-bahan
mentah kepada pengisar-pengisar.
(6) Pengeluaran tidak seharusnya tamat hanya sebagai bahan-
bahan mentah (biji koko kering) dengan pengetahuan teknologi-
teknologi terkini yang sedia ada tetapi sepatutnya berkembang
lebih kepada pengeluaran produk akhir seperti coklat dalam
komuniti.
(7) Konsep pembangunan kelompok dan industri kecil dan
sederhana akan mempunyai ladang yang mengemukakan
rantaian makanan dalam komuniti.
Ringkasan Klon Terpilih
Di Pusat Penyelidikan Dan Pembangunan LKM www.koko.gov.my

Potensi Hasil
No. Klon Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering
(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)
1 KKM 26 38.1 1.40 1.76
2 KKM 27 38.9 1.70 1.86
3 KKM 1 39.3 2.15 3.93
4 KKM 19 40.0 1.90 2.70
5 KKM 15 40.5 1.60 2.41
6 KKM 17 41.9 2.10 2.26
7 KKM 28 45.6 1.92 2.31
8 KKM 3 47.0 2.10 2.11
9 KKM 22 48.3 2.01 2.42
10 KKM 4 51.5 2.10 2.04
11 KKM 5 52.1 2.43 2.02
12 KKM 2 53.3 1.90 3.56
13 KKM 6 62.2 2.24 1.99
14 KKM 25 64.9 2.40 2.44
15 PBC 131 24.1 1.30 1.44
 Potensi Hasil
No. Klon Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering
www.koko.gov.my
(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)
16 PBC 113 26.5 1.35 1.50
17 PBC 159 26.7 1.41 1.56
18 BAL 244 27.7 1.43 1.59
19 PBC 179 29.8 1.43 1.59
20 PBC 123 30.1 1.31 1.45
21 PBC 112 34.5 1.38 1.53
22 PBC 211 37.6 2.25 2.50
23 PBC 140 37.7 1.51 1.68
24 PBC 130 37.8 1.72 1.91
25 PBC 139 39.1 2.03 2.25
26 PBC 178 41.9 2.03 2.25
27 PBC 137 44.1 2.03 2.25
28 PBC 210 48.2 2.03 2.25
29 PBC 207 49.4 2.03 2.25
30 PBC 208 49.4 2.03 2.25
31 PBC 223 50.6 2.03 2.25
32 PBC 246 51.1 2.25 2.50
33 BAL 209 51.7 2.15 2.39
34 RP 1 43.0 1.80 2.00
35 QH 1003 45.7 1.83 2.03
 www.koko.gov.my

Potensi Hasil
No. Klon Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering
(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)
36 QH 37 58.3 2.93 3.15 Dari tahun 2000 ke
37 QH 968 59.7 2.68 2.88 atas, klon MCB terpilih
38 BR 25 60.4 2.42 2.69
mempunyai saiz biji
39 QH 326 61.9 3.11 3.35
yang lebih besar, biji
40 QH 22 69.4 3.24 3.51
41 QH 1176 71.0 2.75 3.06
berat dan faktor-faktor
42 QH 186 78.0 3.08 3.33 sedia ada khususnya
43 QH 240 78.1 2.88 3.10 kandungan lemak.
44 QH 1287 79.4 3.29 3.66
45 QH 441 101.2 3.61 3.88 Perbandingan pada
46 MCB C2 46.0 2.63 2.92 buah dan berat biji
47 MCB C4 52.0 2.49 2.77 kering setiap pokok dan
48 MCB C3 54.0 2.83 3.14 hasil menunjukkan
49 MCB C1 62.0 3.23 3.59 produktiviti yang lebih
50 MCB C5 98.0 5.17 5.74
baik
MCB ACC55 www.koko.gov.my
MCB ACC55 www.koko.gov.my
KLON MCB (KIRI) PBC 123 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my
KLON LKMJ 55 (KIRI) LKMJ 25 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my
KLON LKMJ 55 (KIRI) LKMJ 25 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my
 www.koko.gov.my
Karekteristik Dalam
Klon Komersil Yang ● Pemilihan saiz kacang yang besar
Disyorkan: dengan berat >1.0g

● Pokok dipilih dengan bilangan buah tinggi

> 100/ thn

● Bilangan biji setiap buah lebih baik dalam

35

● Kandungan kulit koko sekitar 10% dan

lebih rendah

Lokasi : LKM Hilir Perak

● Pokok yang berhasil awal, pengeluaran
Tarikh : 17 April 2014 tinggi yang konsisten untuk satu tempoh
yang > 30 tahun
 www.koko.gov.my
Karekteristik Dalam
Klon Komersil Yang
Disyorkan: ● Pokok - bentuk dan seni bina untuk
kerja mudah : tegak, mudah untuk
penuaian buah tanpa menjejaskan
pengeluaran.

● Pemilihan untuk rintangan kepada

serangga perosak dan penyakit

● Komposisi / nisbah kandungan lemak

Lokasi : LKM Hilir Perak
Tarikh : 17 April 2014
dan serbuk dikaitkan dengan keperluan
industri, permintaan pengguna dan
kejejasan dari segi ekonomi : genting
harga sekarang.
 KLON KOKO LKM (MCB)
www.koko.gov.my

MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD

1ST SERIES CLONE FEATURES 3RD SERIES CLONE FEATURES

MCBC 1 MCBC 2 MCBC 3 MCBC 4 MCBC 5

MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD

2ND SERIES CLONE FEATURES

MCBC 13 MCBC 14
MCBC 6 MCBC 7 MCBC 8 MCBC 9
www.koko.gov.my
 www.koko.gov.my

спасибо
merci cảm ơn cô faleminderit

stuh-tee salamat asante sana

Assalamualikum zikomo
urakoze
ありがとう terima kasih gracias
kiitos
thank you ke itumetse tak
நன்றி dhanyawaad शुक्रिया
xie-xie mersi efharistó danke
благодаря 谢谢 grazie teşekkür ederim
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
History of
Cocoa varieties www.koko.gov.my

performance in www.koko.gov.my

Malaysia
● The early hybrid planting materials showed
that evaluation by the 5th year of production
about 1 ton/ha of dry cocoa beans was
achieved and the yield subsequently was
rather consistent and would fluctuate within a
30% variation as is expected for open field
plantings depending on environmental factors
of sunshine, rain, fertiliser inputs and tree
management.
● Clonal planting materials developed showed
that by the 5th year production achieved 2
Venue: Malaysian Cocoa Board tons/ha and the subsequent years fluctuate
CRDC Hilir Perak, Perak
within the same band in view of the
Date: 07 – 17 April 2014
environmental factors expected to interfere.
Dry bean yields of PBC clones at HMPB
PRANG BESAR Research Station, Kajang, www.koko.gov.my
Selangor (1980s onwards)

CLONE 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y 7Y 8Y 9Y 10Y 11Y

PBC 113 337 987 1268 1583 1767 1742 1904 2547 1379 1330 1794
PBC 123 606 808 1552 1842 1833 1513 2007 1469 1451 2078 1879
PBC 130 402 899 1483 1671 2232 2958 3112 2474 1970 1730 2357
PBC 131 460 1086 1354 1448 2203 1782 1490 1496 1657 1925 2556
PBC 127 394 1066 1342 1694 1971 2173 1972 1498 1674 1714 2058
PBC 139 630 874 1540 2100 2246 1584 1469 1275 1581 1843 1800
PBC 140 665 784 1677 2424 2179 1868 1995 1982 1516 1811 2134
PBC 159 322 913 1366 1529 2348 1860 1984 1823 1928 1967 2140
PBC 178 204 512 858 1604 1579 2170 2570 2674 1886 1658 1890
PBC 179 226 840 1042 1683 1817 2075 2106 2192 2348 2098 2414
MEAN 425 877 1348 1758 2018 1973 2061 1943 1739 1815 2102

HYBRID 252 446 688 1012 1085 968 958 891 820 798 904
Source: Chong, CF. (1987). Characteristics of Prang Besar Cocoa Clones. SASS Seminar Palm
Kernel Utilization and Recent Advances in Cocoa Cultivation. 11-13 June 1987, Tawau Sabah.
Yield performance of some DOA Sabah
clones at Agriculture Research Station,
www.koko.gov.my
Quoin Hill Tawau Sabah

DRIED BEAN YIELD (kg/ha)

CLONE
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7 MEAN

BR 25 2543 3189 3930 3986 2445 3038 2249 3054

QH 22 2209 2473 3182 3190 2530 2886 2134 2658

QH 441 3561 3729 4371 3020 2274 2897 1981 3119

QH 186 3604 2958 3440 3096 2082 2910 2022 2873

QH 240 2652 2850 3786 2468 1943 3030 2399 2733

QH 37 2507 3348 3885 2767 2689 3649 2493 3048

PBC123 2948 4770 3295 4240 3719 1643 1552 3167

KKM 22 2194 3746 2351 2704 2319 1520 1410 2321

Graphical presentation of clonal planting
materials selected and evaluated in the
1990s at Quoin Hill Sabah www.koko.gov.my

6000

5000

4000
Kg/Ha

3000

2000

1000

0
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7
BR 25 QH 22 QH 441 QH 186
QH 240 QH 37 PBC123 KKM 22
Cocoa clones released officially for
commercial planting in Malaysia www.koko.gov.my

Pods Dry cocoa Beans Dry cocoa beans

(No./tree/yr) (Kg/tree/yr) (ton/ha/yr)
Clone

Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev

KKM 47.40 8.59 2.00 0.29 2.42 0.62

PBC 38.84 9.50 1.77 0.36 1.97 0.39

QH 67.18 16.00 2.80 0.56 3.05 0.58

MCB 62.40 20.71 3.27 1.10 3.63 1.22

 www.koko.gov.my

Established Seed
Garden 54
Nurseri yang disiap untuk www.koko.gov.my

bekalan anak benih koko dan

anak benih cantuman

55
www.koko.gov.my

56
 Kawasan ladang yang tidak terurus dan semak serta tidak produktif yang
ekonomik

www.koko.gov.my

Blok 33C/34C in the year 2001 was full of weeds

Field preparation for planting would need a certain degree of use of

weedicides/herbicides that are quite narrow spectrum such as glyphosate for
grasses and depending on weather conditions systemic or contact herbicides
would be used.The ability to establish shade and subsequent mulching with the
slow removal of extensive shade from early establishment would circumvate the
use of herbicides until excellent mulching obtained by 2nd to 3rd year there is no
need to use herbicides.
Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko - klon (Cantuman)
www.koko.gov.my
Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko (Pembaik-baik Koko)
www.koko.gov.my
Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko (Penilaian Koko Hybrid)

www.koko.gov.my
 Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko tunggal (Koko & Gliricidia)

www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
 www.koko.gov.my

Tanaman Kelapa
Matag - Koko

65
 www.koko.gov.my

Tanaman Kelapa
MAWA - Koko
66
 www.koko.gov.my

Tanaman Malayan Tall -

koko

67
 www.koko.gov.my

Anak benih klon koko yang

ditanam 2000 di blok 1D ladang A
telah mula mengeluarkan hasil
dalam tahun 2004
Cocoa Planting development Program with smallholders

www.koko.gov.my
 www.koko.gov.my

Projek ECER, Gua

Musang
 www.koko.gov.my

ABORIGINES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT,

Kg. Pendeq Pos Yum, Perak
www.koko.gov.my
 www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my
спасибо
merci cảm ơn cô faleminderit

stuh-tee salamat asante sana

Assalamualikum zikomo
urakoze
ありがとう terima kasih gracias
kiitos
thank you ke itumetse tak
நன்றி dhanyawaad शुक्रिया
xie-xie mersi efharistó danke
благодаря 谢谢 grazie teşekkür ederim
 www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

THANK YOU
 Correlation of dry cocoa bean production
to the clones selected www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

r = 0.980

Correlation analysis of the varieties showed an r-value of 0.98;

where 98% of the values can be explained by the dry bean
produced per tree in relation to the clone selected.
 Correlation of productivity to selected
cocoa clones released for planting www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

r = 0.998

This indicated that over time improvement in yield is attained

with improved varieties, where the yield co-relationship
determined was 0.998.
 Comparison of bean characteristics in
relation to cocoa clones selected www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Dry bean weight No. of beans Shell content Cocoa butter

Pod value
(g) per pod (%) content (%)
Clone

Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev

KKM 22.26 3.59 1.12 0.09 41.57 8.05 11.11 1.27 55.64 3.41

PBC 21.91 2.63 1.19 0.12 39.44 3.43 15.07 1.62 56.64 1.75

QH 24.17 2.45 1.14 0.17 38.58 3.94 15.91 1.72 53.83 2.95

MCBC 19.14 1.21 1.38 0.08 36.60 1.52 56.20 1.64

Correlation of average dry bean weight to
the clones selected www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my

r = 0.796

The average dry bean weight correlation analysis between clones had a lower r-
value of 0.796 suggesting that there is less trait significance with regard to
average bean size. Improvement in precision of data collection can be noted
with decrease in standard deviation of almost all the parameters recorded,
especially for the MCBC Series.