ASME TRAINING

DESIGN PART 1
OBJECTIVE
• Basic understanding of the rules
for design and how they are
applied.
• Determine which rules are
applicable to a particular situation
• Determine the appropriate values
that are to be applied to these
rules.
Code does not address all aspects of
design and fabrication
WHAT TO DO WHEN NO
DESIGN RULES ARE GIVEN?
INTERPRETATION ON USE OF FEA
Interpretation: VIII-1-01-12
Subject: Section VIII, Division 1 (1998 Edition,1999 Addenda); U-
2(d), UG-19(b) and (c),
UCI-16, and UCD-16
Date Issued: December 5, 2000
File: BC00-131
Question: If there are no applicable Code rules
in Section VIII, Division 1 for the
design of a vessel or vessel part, may a
finite element analysis be performed in
lieu of a proof test?
Reply: Yes, see U-2(g).
ASME VIII Div1 applicable for
design pressure <= 3000 psi
EXCLUSIONS FROM ASME SCOPE
U-1(C)(2)
• (a) those within scope of other Sections
• (b) Fired process tubular heaters
• (c) Pressure containers with parts of rotating
equipment
• (d) Piping systems for transport of fluids
• (e) Piping components
EXCLUSIONS FROM ASME SCOPE
U-1(C)(2)
EXCLUSIONS FROM ASME SCOPE
U-1(C)(2)
ASME’S SCOPE COVERS
RESPONSIBILITIES – U-2(a)
• The User/Owner’s Responsibility include:-
RESPONSIBILITIES – U-2(b)
The Manufacturer’s responsibility
include:
RESPONSIBILITIES – U-2(e)
The Inspector’s responsibility
include:
MINIMUM THICKNESS UG-16(b)

• SHELL AND HEAD - 1.5mm after

forming exclusive of corrosion
allowance
• Exceptions are:-
– Plates of PHE’s
– Pipes and tubes of HEXs of DN150 and
less
– 6mm for Unfired Steam Boilers
MINIMUM THICKNESS UG-16(b)

• Exceptions are:-
– 2.5mm for shell and heads for
compressed air, steam and water service
exclusive of c.a.
– Tubes of Air cooled HEXs when non
lethal service, protected by fins or other
means, and tube OD between 10mm to
38mm.
UG-16(e)
• Dimensional symbols used in all
design formulas are in the corroded
condition.
DESIGN LOADINGS
MUST CONSIDER ALL LOADINGS IN UG-22
DESIGN LOADINGS
MUST CONSIDER ALL LOADINGS IN UG-22
UG-25(f)
Requirement for drain
THICKNESS OF SHELL UNDER
INTERNAL PRESSURE - UG-27(c)
SPHERICAL SHELL – UG-27(d)
SYMBOLS
Cylindrical Shell
- When thickness > ½ of Inside Radius,
or P> 0.385SE – use Appendix 1-2 for
Thick Cylindrical Shell

For Spherical shell

- When thickness > 0.356R, or
P>0.665SE – use Appendix 1-3 for Thick
Spherical Shell
FORMULAS IN TERMS OF
OUTSIDE RADIUS – App 1-1(a)
Interpretation: VIII-1-89-160
Subject: Section VIII, Division 1, Tensile Strength
(1986 Edition, 1988 Addenda)
Date Issued: December 4, 1989
File: BC89-373
Question: To determine the MAWP of a
pressure vessel meeting all
requirements of Section VIII, Division
1, may the tensile value given in the
mill test report be used instead of the
specified minimum tensile strength
given in stress tables in Subsection C?
Reply: No.
FORMED HEADS
ELLIPSOIDAL HEADS – UG-32(d)
ELLIPSOIDAL HEADS – when out of the
proportion given in UG-32
Use Appendix 1-4(c)
TABLE 1-4.1
TORISPHERICAL HEADS – UG-32(e)
TORISPHERICAL HEADS – when out of the
proportion given in UG-32
Use Appendix 1-4(d)
TABLE 1-4.2
What about Torispherical and
Ellipsoidal heads where t/L < 0.002?

Use Appendix 1-4(f)

-this section deals with formulas to
prevent the heads from buckling
TORISPHERICAL HEADS
Important points to remember
• UG-32(j)
– ICR ≤ head skirt OD
– IKR ≥ 6% of head skirt OD
TORISPHERICAL AND
ELLIPSOIDAL HEADS
Additional reqmt to note – UG-32(b)
HEMISPHERICAL HEADS –
UG-32(f)
CONICAL HEADS – UG-32(g)
CONICAL HEADS – App 1-5(g)
TORICONICAL HEADS AND
SECTIONS – UG-32(h)
APPENDIX 1-5
RULES FOR CONICAL REDUCER SECTIONS AND
CONICAL HEADS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
FLAT SPOT ON TORI, ELLIP OR
HEMI HEADS – UG-32(o)
THICKNESS OF SHELL DUE TO
EXTERNAL PRESSURE– UG-28
LINES OF SUPPORT– L
LINES OF SUPPORT– L
EXTERNAL PRESSURE SHELL
CALCULATION - Methodology
1. Follow steps given in UG-28(c)
2. Design based on maximum length of support L.
3. Factor A is obtained from Fig G of ASME II Part D.
4. Factor B is obtained from applicable material chart in ASME
II Part D.
5. If cone to cylinder junction is not a line of support, the nom
thickness of cone must be ≥ minimum reqd thickness of
adjacent cylindrical shell
6. If cone to cylinder junction is a line of support, the moment
of inertia of the junction must comply with App 1-8.
7. If moment of inertia at the junction is insufficient per App 1-8,
stiffening ring at the junction needs to be provided, but
stiffening ring must be located within a distance of
SQRT(RLtS) or SQRT(RStS)
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
SPHERICAL SHELL
CALCULATION - Methodology
1. Follow steps given in UG-28(d)
2. Factor A is obtained from Fig G of ASME
II Part D.
3. Factor B is obtained from applicable
material chart in ASME II Part D.
4. Sample calculation given in App L-3(b)
MINIMUM SIZE OF ATTACHMENT
WELDS FOR STIFFENING RING –
UG-30(f)
UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS &
COVERS – UG-34
UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS &
COVERS – UG-34
NOZZLE NECK THICKNESS – UG-45

1. For access openings and openings used only

for inspection:
tUG-45 = ta

2. For other nozzles,

Determine tb where
tb = min { tb3, max(tb1, tb2) }
tUG-45 = max (ta, tb)
NOZZLE NECK THICKNESS – UG-45
NOZZLE NECK THICKNESS – UG-45
OPENINGS IN SHELLS – UG-36

1. UG-36(a)(1) – preferably circular, elliptical or obround (2

parallel sides and semircular ends.
2. UG-36(a)(2) – other shape openings – proof test UG-101.
3. Rules in UG-36 to UG-43 apply to openings in cylinders and
cones not exceeding the following size:-
For vessels ID≤1500mm, half the vessel diameter and
≤500mm.
For vessels ID > 1500mm, 1/3 the vessel diameter and
≤1000mm.
4. For openings exceeding above limit, supplemental rules of
App 1-7 or App 1-10 need to be satisfied.
OPENINGS IN PRESSURE VESSELS – UG-36
Openings not requiring reinforcement – UG-36(c)(3)
REINFORCEMENT REQD FOR OPENINGS IN
SHELLS AND FORMED HEADS – UG-37
SEGMENTAL REPADS – UG-37 (h)

Segmental repads are allowed provided:

1. The individual segments are joined by full penetration butt
welds.
2.1 Each butt weld is RT or UT to confirm full penetration or
2.2 For openings in cylinders, the weld is oriented at least 45 deg
from the long axis of the cylinder.

If the above are not complied with, the area A5 shall be multiplied
by 0.75.
Each segment of the repad shall have a clear path to a telltale hole
and shall be tested as required by UG-37(g).
REINFORCEMENT IN FLAT HEADS – UG-39
LIMIT OF REINFORCEMENT – UG-40
STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENT –
UG-41
WELDED CONNECTIONS – UW-15