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Nordic Steel Construction Conference 2015

Tampere, Finland
23-25 September 2015

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Czech Technical University in Prague
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Elasticresistance [kNm] 93.3 90.0 1.04
Designresistance [kNm] 140.0 149.0 0.94
Rotationcapacity [mrad] 15.0 58.8 0.26



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