Hi friends, in this article, I am going to describe the significance of vector group of transformer.

It is very essential information for parallel operation of transformers and is very interesting
also.

The internal connections of transformer windings can be made in a number of ways.

Accordingly, different types of connections have been standardized depending upon the phase
displacement.

There are four vector groups and each group includes three methods of connection of high
voltage and low voltage windings.

Phase displacement between EMFs of high voltage and low voltage windings is expressed as the
clock hour number and is designated by symbols 0, 6, 1, and 11.

For example, the clock hour number 0 represents zero degrees phase displacement between
primary and secondary EMFs. The clock hour number 6 is for 1800 phase displacement, 1 for –
300, 11 for +300.

Significance of Vector Group of Transformer

On the nameplate of three-phase transformer vector group is printed as Yy0, Dd1 etc. Here
Yy0 will mean it’s both the windings are star-connected and phase displacement between
primary and secondary EMFs is zero degree. It is belonging to Group No.1 (refer to table).

Winding Winding
Group Connection Connection Phase Clock – Hour Vector
No. (Primary) (Secondary) Displacement Number Symbol

Star Star Yy0

Delta Delta Dd0
1 Delta Zig-zag 0o 0 Dz0

Star Star Yy6

Delta Delta Dd6
2 Delta Zig-zag 180o 6 Dz6

Delta Star Dy1

Star Delta Yd1
3 Star Zig-zag – 30o 1 Yz1

Delta Star Dy11

Star Delta Yd11
4 Star Zig-zag +30o 11 Yz11
Similarly, Dy1 will mean its primary winding is connected in delta, secondary winding in
the star, phase displacement is – 300 and belonging to Group No. 3.

Information of vector group of a transformer is very significant when it has to operate in

parallel. For a transformer working in isolation, the arrangement of its internal connections is
of little importance.

Transformers will operate in parallel satisfactory if they have,

 the same primary and secondary voltages
 the same tap ratio
 the same percentage impedance, and,
 belonging to the same vector groups.
The two transformers may have their windings connected in star/star and yet it will not be
possible to operate in parallel if one belongs to Group 1 and the other to group 2, unless the
internal connections of the secondary winding of one of the transformers are changed.