Normal Boiler Operation

1. Check work during boiler operation

1.1 Check whether furnace bed temperature thermocouple and related instruments are in normal
operation condition.

1.2 Check the primary air flow to air distribution plate and ensure normal distribution
flow between primary air and secondary air.

1.3 Check percentage oxygen content of flue gas and ensure normal operation of oxygen meter.

1.4 Check bed pressure of combustion chamber, and confirm whether pressure measuring
point and pressure transmission line are blocking and ensure that furnace bed pressure
indication is normal.

1.5 Monitor whether bottom ash discharge system operates normally and monitor bottom ash
discharge temperature.

1.6 Check whether steam drum level is normal. If necessary, blowdown f o r glass level
indicator. Verify that feedwater control valve operates normally.

1.7 Periodically put soot blowing system into operation. when boiler is in normal
operation, if economizer outlet gas temperature is 16℃ higher than normal value, soot
blowing should be performed.

1.8 Check whether boiler area has abnormal sound, vibration or movement.

2 Load adjustment

Boiler load adjustment is to manually or automatically adjust the change of c o a l

f e e d i n g r a t e w i t h t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g air flow. Air and coal should be adjusted by
“small quantity and many times” to avoid f u r n a c e bed temperature fluctuation. The
main method of adjusting boiler load is to adjust furnace bed material height, while control
of furnace bed temperature can be used as auxiliary method to adjust load.

A. During load increase, increase the feed rate o f c o a l and air flow supply. With
f u r n a c e bed temperature unchanged, increase furnace bed material height and heat
absorption capacity of evaporating heating surface. On the contrary, reduce coal feed rate
and air flow supply and furnace bed material height, and boiler evaporation reduce.

B. When increasing the load, firstly increase a little primary air flow and secondary air
flow and then feed a little coal so that the differential pressure of material
layer gradually increases. Then increase a l i t t l e air flow supply and coal feeding
quantity and adjust them alternately until achieve the requirement.

C. When reducing load, firstly reduce coal feeding rate and then properly reduce primary
air flow and secondary air flow, and gradually discharge a part of circulating ash
to reduce differential pressure of material bed. Repeat above procedure until a c h i e v e
the requirement.

D. Changing f u r n a c e bed temperature also can adjust boiler load. Usually high load
corresponds to high bed temperature and low load corresponds to low bed temperature.
However, f u r n a c e bed temperature is restricted in many aspects and amplitude of
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fluctuation is limited. Therefore, compared with changing bed material height, changing
furnace bed temperature to adjust load is limited.

3 Water level control

3.1 Rapid change of s t e a m drum water level can lead to fluctuation of steam
pressure and temperature. If overflow or water shortage accident occurs, the boiler has to
be shut down. Therefore, water should be supplied evenly and continuously during operation
to keep the steam drum water level be normal.

3.2 Normal steam drum level is 180mm below steam drum center line and ±50mm is the
highest and lowest water level for normal level fluctuation. S t e a m drum level
limits: when s t e a m drum level reaches -100mm or +100mm, DCS sends out audible and
visual alarm;

3.3 When steam drum level reaches -200mm or +250mm, MFT acted.

3.4 When the boiler is in low load operation, steam drum water level is slightly/a
little higher than normal level to avoid load increase result in low w a t e r level; on the
contrary, when the boiler is in high load operation, s t e a m drum w a t e r level
should be slightly/a little lower than normal w a t e r level to avoid load decrease
result in high level, but fluctuation range should not exceed the allowable value.

4 Furnace bed temperature control

4.1 Boiler f u r n a c e bed temperature generally is 900 ℃ . Considering load

change and other requirements, furnace bed temperature should be controlled between
±50℃.

4.2 If bed temperature is too high for long, it will happen furnace bed coking/slagging
result in can not operate. On the contrary, if bed temperature is too low, combustion will
be incomplete and even happen to outfire. The main method of adjusting bed temperature is
that adjust the coal feeding and the primary air flow to air distribution plate.

4.3 When bed temperature is above 990℃ (limit temperature 105 0℃), it is necessary
to adjust air flow distribution and generally increase primary air flow to air
distribution plate and reduce secondary air flow accordingly.

5 Steam pressure control

5.1 Depending on different load requirement for bed material height and temperature, steam
pressure fluctuation is maintained between 8.7Mpa-9.3MPa by adjusting boiler coal feeding
and stabilizing boiler combustion.

5.2 Adjusting feed water flow can help control steam pressure and when adjusting feed
water flow, steam drum water level should be kept in the allowable range.

6 Steam temperature control

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Boiler steam temperature is adjusted by spraying desuperheater between stage I and stage
II superheaters. The biggest character of this control method is sensitive and adjustment
without delay.

Superheater outlet temperature is maintained at 525℃-540℃.

7 Air distribution control

Adjusting principle of primary and secondary air:

Primary air adjusts bed material fluidization, bed temperature and pressure. Secondary air
controls total air flow. Under the premise that the primary air meets the fluidization, bed
temperature and differential pressure of the material layer, when the total air flow is
insufficient, the secondary damper can be gradually opened, and the secondary air flow
gradually increases with the load increase.

When it is determined that part of bed material is not properly fluidized yet,
temporarily increase primary air flow and slag discharge.

Pay attention to bed fluidization, combustion and material return conditions. Any problem

found should be promptly solved. When bed temperature increases or decreases, timely

adjust primary and secondary air flow ratio and coal feeding rate etc.

8 Others

8.1 During boiler operation, observe the temperature and resistance change in all parts.
When temperature or resistance is abnormal, check whether it is caused by air leakage, too
much excess air, slagging and abnormal combustion and take measures to eliminate it.

8.2 Adhere to doing overall soot blowing once a shift, and once a day at low load.

8.3 Pay attention to the change of coal quality during operation and adjust the
boiler accordingly according to coal quality.