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DIV
THIN THICK
DIELECTRIC THICKNESS
Figure 4.
DIV vs Thickness.
Figure 3.
Miniature Capacitor. DESIGN
REGION
SAFETY
FACTOR
Cooper Power Systems utilizes miniature capacitors,
Figure 3, to obtain partial discharge data of a basic
dielectric system as described in Figure 4. Miniature
DESIGN STRESS
capacitors rather than full-size units are used because
of the problems associated with partial discharge THIN THICK
measurements of large capacitors. Full-size capacitors DIELECTRIC THICKNESS
usually make use of more than one series group and
have large active areas. As a result, the magnitude of Figure 5.
partial discharges becomes infinitesimal with respect to Capacitor Design Criteria.
the total charge flow. Because of this and other inter-
fering factors, the measuring sensitivity is reduced and
the possibility of errors is greatly increased. It has been
found that through the use of miniature capacitors, and testing must establish a design stress which
many hundreds of samples can be tested with relative assures adequate life of the materials. Additionally, a
ease and great assurance of proper data. The miniature safety factor should be applied to the design stress to
systems make use of dielectric configurations, materials prevent the capacitor from operating in corona during
and processing which are identical to full-size capaci- nominal/rated applications. Cooper Power Systems’
tors. Thus, with respect to obtaining characteristic capacitors utilize a minimum safety factor of 180% of
partial discharge data, the miniature system is a very design stress at room temperature. This results in a
effective representation of the actual full-size capacitor. design region for the dielectric thickness which is limited
on one end by the discharge inception voltage and by
Once the DIV of an electrical system is described as a other factors on the thinner dielectric end. As the dielec-
function of the dielectric thickness, it can be used as a tric thickness decreases, the material consistency
design tool. Figure 5 is a representation of the DIV as it becomes less precise.
is considered for the design of capacitors. Experience
2
KILOVAR BRIEFS 7
% of Rated Voltage
Operation of the dielectric system in corona can rapidly 180
cause permanent damage and eventually lead to failure.
However, proper design parameters utilizing an 160
adequate safety factor will allow long operational life of
the dielectric system. 140
3
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