Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Types of Concrete Pavement
~ 5.0 m
Profile
or
Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP)
Plan
~10m-15 m
Profile
Continuously Reinforced Concrete
Pavement (CRCP)
Plan
1.0 m - 2.0 m
Profile
Difference Between a Concrete Road (Rigid Pavement)
and Asphalt Road (Flexible Pavement)
How Pavements Carry Loads
3000 kg. 3000 kg.
Concrete Asphalt
pressure
2.0 MPa
Subgrade
3. Advantages of Concrete Roads
LOW MAINTENANCE SAFETY
Savings in Maintenance Cost Shorter Braking distance
Visible at night
Handle Increased Traffic
and Overloading
Less Distruption PROJECT DELIVERY
Handle Wet weather and Avoid Stop Work
flooding Use of Local Product
Assurance of Cement
Supply
SAVINGS
Fuel Savings (less rolling
resistance) GREEN
Use of PFA, GGBS
Save Foreign Exchange
Use Less Raw Materials
Fluctuating Oil Prices
STRATEGIC
New Niche Industry
8
Low Maintenance (1/3)
• Eg. Little or no maintenance on
Kulim Access Road since
construction in 2003.
• A) Savings in maintenance cost
• B) Handle Increased Traffic and
overloading
• C) Engineers can “forget” about the
road and work on other projects.
9
Ability to Handle Increased Traffic and
Overloading (2/3)
10
Less Disruption (to owners and users) (3/3)
• Once project completed, road builders want to move on to
new roads.
• end
11
Savings-Fuel Savings/Less CO2 (1/3)
• 1-7% Fuel Savings (heavy vehicles)
less “rolling resistance”
12
Save on Foreign Exchange (2/3)
13
Safety (1/2)
14
More Visible at Night (2/2)
• Increased visibility:
4 X Surface Reflectivity
Asphalt
15
Green Technology (1/2)
16
Savings on Raw Materials Usage (2/2)
• Less consumption of fossil fuel (non-renewable
energy)
• Less emission of CO2
• Consumes 5X less diesel to construct (thinner)
17
4. Common Complaints
18
A. Higher Initial Cost
• Initial Cost (Construction Cost)
• Acquisition
• Concept Planning
• Preliminary Design
• Detail Design
• Construction Cost
19
B. Difficult & More Expensive to
Repair
20
C. Noise
• Whisper
(Exposed)
Concrete –
e.g.Belgium and
Holland
• US research on
Grinding and
Grooving
technology.
21
D. Wear Out Tyres
22