Group:

Group Leader:
Abdul Jabbar Bozdar 16CE44
Other Members:
Nakeeb Laghari 16CE20
Mohsin Memon 16CE41
Mohsin Chandio 16CE74
Amjad Zardari 16CE122

Topic:
Town Planning
(Islamabad)
 Introduction:
Town Planning is art of using the land and siting of
buildings and linked routes in order to save the economy,
accessibility and splendor.
A city should be constructed to give its citizens safety and
Gladness.
Town Planning offers well balanced social and financial
developments and answerable administration of means
and environment safety.
Town Planning preserve the aesthetics in the design of all
elements of town plan.

Abstract :
Here we are describing the town planning of
Islamabad. The city’s master plan divides the city
into at zones including administrative, diplomatic
enclave, residential areas, educational sectors,
industrial sectors, commercial areas and rural and
green areas.
 Discussions:
It is an art and science of arrangement the use of Land
and setting the buildings and communication directions
so as to secure the maximum workable degree of
convenience, budget and beauty
•physical, social and economic planning of an urban
environment •It encompasses many different disciplines
and brings them all under a single umbrella.
• The simplest definition of town planning is that it is the
organization of all elements of a town or other town
environment

IF PLANNING WAS NOT THERE

•Uneven & Chaotic development –conflicting urban
scenario
•Mixed Land use Industries bouncing up in residential
zones
•Congested Transportation Network –abundant traffic
than expected
 ROLE OF PLANNERS
•Consider –“human communities are always in the
process of changing”
•Recognize –“the complication of communities”

AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF TOWN PLANNING

HEALTH
•To create and endorse healthy conditions and
environments for all the People.
•To make right use of the land for the right purpose by
zoning.
•To ensure orderly development.
•To avoid violation of one zone over the other.

CONVENIENCE

•social, economic, cultural and recreational amenities

etc.
•Recreational amenities open spaces, parks, gardens &
playgrounds, town halls stadiums community centers,
cinema houses, and theatres.

BEAUTY

•To preserve the liberation of the town.

•To preserve the aesthetics in the design of all elements
of town or city plan.

TYPES OF SURVEYS

REGIONAL SURVEYS
done over a region dealing with
•PHYSICAL FACTORS : like
topography, physically difficult
land, geology, landscape.
PHYSICAL ECONOMIC FACTORS :like agricultural value of the
land, mineral resources and water gathering lands, areas
with public services, transportation linkages etc.
like areas of impact of towns and villages,
SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS:

employment, population changes etc.

TOWN SURVEY
Done at much small scale and apart from the above data
collected from the regional surveys it also include

•LANDUSE SURVEYS

•DENSITY SURVEYS

•SURVEYS FOR THE AGE AND CONDITION OF THE BUILDINGS

•TRAFFIC SURVEYS

•OTHER SOCIAL SURVEYS

SURVEYING TECHNIQUES
•SELF SURVEYS mailing questionnaires to the persons
to be surveyed.
•INTERVIEWS- by asking questions to the people to be
surveyed.
•DIRECT INSPECTION -when the surveyor himself
inspects the conditions concerned.
•OBSERVERS PARTICIPATION-when the observer
himself participate in gaining the data required.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANS

Structural Plan
•A structure plan is one that singles out for
thoughtfulness of certain aspect of the environment
usually the land uses, the main movement systems and
the location of serious facilities and buildings.
• Such a plan aims to influence certain key vocational
decisions while identifying that there are many other
things that can’t and possibly should not be decided at
the outset.

Comprehensive Plan
•The comprehensive plan seeks to combine in one
document the preparations for all aspects of city
development.
•It includes an analysis of the city’s economy, its
demographic features, and the history of its spatial
development as a prolog to plan for how the city should
evolve over 20 year period.

Developmental Plan
•MEANS A PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OR REDEVELOPMENT OR
IMPROVEMENT OF THE AREA WITHIN THE INFLUENCE OF A
PLANNING AUTHORITY .

•It includes a regional plan, master plan, complete

development plan and a new town development plan.

GEDDISIAN TRIAD –Patrick Geddes

•Father of modern town planning .
•First to link sociological ideas into town planning
into town planning .
•Survey before plan i.e. diagnosis before cure.
Patrick Geddes –Planning concepts
•Rural development Urban Planning and City Design
Rural development, Urban Planning and City Design
are not the same and accepting a common planning process is
disasturous
•“Conurbation” ‐waves of population influx to large
cities, followed by overfilling and slum formation, and then the
wave of backflow –
the whole process resulting in amorphous sprawl, waste, and
unnecessary uselessness.

The sequence of planning is to be:

•Regional survey
•Rural development
•Town planning
•City design

EKISTICS
•Ekistics is the study of human settlement, which
observes not only built forms, but also the border of
time, movements and systems in the built Environment.
•Doxiadis saw the ekistics as an logical approach to
balance the junction of past, present and future in
human settlements as well as a system for creatively
copying with the growth of population, quick change and
the pressure of large scale, high-density housing.

Planning of Islamabad –Capital City Of Pakistan

INTRODUCTION
Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in
the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. The
area has historically been a part of the intersections of
the Rawalpindi and the North-West Frontier Province
Islamabad is located at 33°40′N, 73°10′E.

NEED OF ISLAMABAD
After independence in 1947, Pakistan realized the need
of capital city to serve the new state. Than Islamabad, a
new capital of Pakistan was conceived in 1959, planned
from 1959 to 1963 by a Greek architect-planner C. A.
Doxiadis, and started employment in 1961.
 SITE SELECTION
1. Site is straight connected to Grand Truck (GT) Road
site for Islamabad.
2. Site was selected by its close closeness to the
existing urban area of Rawalpindi
3. Rawalpindi helped in the development of Islamabad
by providing the access to prevailing transport
network.
4. Supplying labour for the development and obliging
early inhabitants and offices for Islamabad (ibid).

ZONING OF SITE
The land was acquired from the North-West
Frontier Province and Punjab in 1960, for the purpose of
forming Pakistan's new capital. According to the 1960
master plan, the ICT involved the city of Rawalpindi, and
was to be utilized as following:
1. Rawalpindi; 259 km²
2. Islamabad Proper (including the institutional and
industrial areas);
 220.15 km²
3. Islamabad (Margalla Hills) Park; 220.15 km²
4. Islamabad Rural Area; 446.20 km²

GRID IRON PATTERN

The city was considered into grid-iron patterns
developed into 2 kilometers by 2 kilometers sectors
separated by the order of wide principal roads (60 ft.)
comprising Islamabad and Rawalpindi area.
The sectors were used for dissimilar land uses such as
residential, educational, commercial and administrative.
Housing is provided in grid-iron arrangement sectors
on disciplined order of communities according to their
income groups.
In the square grid of sectors, four communities
clustered around an enlarged shopping centre. To slow
down traffic, shopping activities were prepared in the
centre of a larger square settlement.
The city is divided into eight basic zone types:
Administrative zone;
• Diplomatic Enclave zone;
• Residential Areas;
• Educational Sectors;
• Industrial Sectors;
• Commercial Areas;
• Rural Areas;
• Green Areas.

Each division has its own shopping area, a green belt and
public park. The population of the city 66% is urban. It is
thus the most innovative region in Pakistan.
Islamabad is divided into several different sectors, each
identified by a letter of the Roman alphabet and a
number, with each sector covering an area of
approximately 2 km x 2 km. Each sector is more divided
into 4 sub-sectors. The sectors currently in use are
lettered from D to I.
 Dynapolis
The cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi will develop
as twin cities helping each other in complementary ways.
Islamabad will be the capital of the nation and will serve
mainly administrative and cultural functions. Rawalpindi
will remain the regional centre serving industrial and
commercial functions.
The master plan for both cities has the elasticity to
allow for future developments of the centre. It has been
designed on the basis of the ideal city of the future and
to form a dyna-metropolis. Each is planned to develop
animatedly towards the south-west, their centre cores
growing instantaneously and together with their
residential and other functions. Overall, Botka (1995)
found this idea very useful for long term benefit of the
city.

Hierarchical Distribution of
Roads
Islamabad is planned according to a hierarchical system
of communities of several classes, each class comprising
the functions corresponding to its size.
These communities are properly served by a major
transference system developed within wide corridors of
a grid-iron configuration.
Local and collector low speed roads, wide sidewalks,
ordinary roads and bicycles lanes within the lower class
“human communities” provide access to the major
transportation system.
The above hierarchical system of communities and
transportation facilities, contributes to the decrease of
travel distances/times and accidents, and to the
promotion of green transport (walking, cycling, public
transport).

COMMUNICATION AND TRAFFIC

CONTROL
Types of street or road system used in Islamabad are
rectangular or grid iron street system the street have
equal width and they cross each other at right angle
The advantage of this system is convenient to traffic
and so a speedy and free traffic can be conserved.
 The houses are built in rectangular blocks so
convenient, economical and most suited for building
construction
There is no expenditure of land since no irregular
portion are left out.
• But the disadvantages of this system are they don’t
provide short cuts which provide a direct access to
trade and shopping centers .
• Since Islamabad is situated on the POTOHAR Plateue
the surface is uneven where grid iron street shape
become inconvenience, uneasiness and moreover it
become expensive.
• In spite of the undulating Plain of Potwar having
deeply battered water courses, the main roads
aligned straight. In fact, Taylor (1967) found that
straight roads resulted roller-coaster inclines for
some areas.
• That’s why diaxodis didn’t follow this pattern firmly
but at certain points follows terrain.
• Grid iron pattern provided in road system is the
chief enemy of traffic and road users
 (CLARENCESTIEN). Because it provided too many
joints and crossing, and there is more chances of
road accidents

Refference:
www.slideshare.net
www.scribd.com

THERE IS NO REAL ENDING. ITS JUST

THE PLACE WHERE YOU STOP THE STORY.