HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

Course Instructor: Engr. Arif Asghar Gopang

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture students will be able:
 To describe Hydraulic jump, Gradually varied flow, flow
profiles

2
 HYDRAULIC JUMP
 The rise in the water level in an open channel
 Can be calculated, designed and controlled by
engineers
 Often designed to occur over dam spillways

3
 HYDRAULIC JUMP
o A hydraulic jump occurs when a liquid at a high
velocity discharges into a zone that has a lower
velocity
o The slowing of the liquid leads to an increase in
height that changes the kinetic energy of the
liquid into potential energy
o Some of the energy is dissipated in the form of
heat due to turbulence

4
5
IMPORTANCE OF FROUDE NUMBER
 Defines subcritical flow or supercritical flow
 A froude number greater than 1 is a supercritical
flow whereas a froude number less than 1 is a
subcritical flow
 In order to have a hydraulic jump the froude
number needs to be greater than or equal to 1
 A hydraulic jump occurs when the flow goes from
supercritical flow (Fr > 1) to subcritical flow (Fr <
1) or from an unstable flow to a stable flow
 A hydraulic jump will not occur when a flow goes
from subcritical flow (Fr < 1) to a supercritical
6
flow (Fr > 1)
IMPORTANCE OF FROUDE NUMBER

7
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC JUMP
o Dissipates the energy of water over a spillway
o Prevents scouring on the downstream side of the
dam structure
o Reverses the flow of water
o Maintains a high water level on the downstream
side
o Useful for irrigation purposes

8
 DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC JUMP
o Downstream turbulence can cause damage and
degradation of channel banks
o May cause erosion on hydraulic surfaces
o Undesirable condition for fish passage

9
THANKS