1A.

Normal sites of implantation: Anterior or Posterior wall of the Body

of the Uterus

Abnormal sites of implantation: I will be mentioning a bit more about

each just for general information and not as per se should be written in
the paper.

-It may implant in the ovary.

-The most common site of abnormal implantation is the Uterine Tube

(95%); most of these occur in the Ampulla region (80%). It may also
implant in the Fimbriae. May also implant in the Isthmus too; when it
implants here, the tube tends to rupture easily as the isthmus is a very
narrow portion of the tube (1cm) and relatively unexpendable, and
there is extensive bleeding probably because of the rich anastomoses
between the ovarian and uterine vessels in this area.

-Blastocysts that implant in the ampulla or fimbriae may be expelled in

to the peritoneal cavity , where they usually implant in the rectouterine
pouch.

-It may also implant in the Internal Os of the uterus. The placenta
formed is called the ‘Placenta Previa’ and it bridges the opening and
causes severe, life-threatening bleeding in the 2nd part of pregnancy
and during delivery
-Cervical Implantations are unusual but is also a potential site for
implantation.

1B. Cleavage consists of repeated mitotic divisions of the zygote that

result in an increase in the number of cells (blastomeres). The cells
become smaller with each successive division.

It occurs 30 hours after fertilization, and occurs as the zygote passes

along the uterine tube towards the uterus. The zona pellucida of the
zygote is intact.

Until the 8 cell stage, they form a loose clump of cells.

However, after the 3rd cleavage, the cells maximize their contact with
one another, forming a compact ball held together by tight junctions.

The process of compaction segregates inner cells which are joined via
gap junction to one another from the outer cells.

3 days after fertilization, the compacted embryo divides again to form a

16 cell mass – morula. Inner cells of the morula constitute the inner
cells mass, and surrounding cells constitute the outer cell mass
The inner cell mass gives rise to the tissues of the embryo proper, and
the outer cell mass forms the trophoblast.

3A. Common Fibular Nerve as it winds around the neck of fibula.

3B. The common fibular nerve gives rise to its 2 terminal branches:
Deep Fibular Nerve, and Superficial Fibular Nerve

Motor Loss due to injury of the Deep Fibular Nerve

-Loss of Inversion: Due to the paralysis of the TA and TP

-Loss of dorsiflexion: Due to the paralysis of the muscles of the anterior

compartment of the leg (too lazy to write all of them).

-Loss of ability to extend the extend the toes (Due to paralysis of EDL
and EHL)

Sensory Loss due to injury of the Deep Fibular Nerve

Loss of sensation of the 1st interdigital cleft as this is the area supplied
by the deep fibular nerve
 Motor Loss due to injury of the Superficial Fibular Nerve

-Loss of Eversion: Due to the paralysis of the FL and FB

-Slight Weakness in Plantar flexion: The FL and FB also weakly

plantar flex the ankle

Sensory Loss due to injury of the Superficial Fibular Nerve

-Medial half of the Great Toe

-Lateral 3.5 digits

In summary there is loss of sensation on the entire dorsum of the foot

except the skin of the lateral margin of the foot as it is supplied by the
sural nerve and the skin of the medial side of the foot as far anteriorly
as the head of the metatarsal

4A. – Connective Tissue Proper

In Adults, there are 2 types of Connective tissue present depending on

the preponderance of the collagen present.

 Loose Areolar Connective Tissue: Lamina Propria beneath

epithelial lining of Digestive Tract

 Dense Irregular Connective Tissue: Periosteum, Perichondrium,

Dermis of skin
  Dense Regular Connective Tissue Collagenous: Ligament

 Dense Regular Connective Tissue Elastic: Elastic Artery

Embryonic Connective Tissue

 Mesenchyme: Mesodermal layer of the embryo

 Mucoid Connective Tissue: Matrix of the fetal umbilical cord

Specialized Connective Tissue

 Reticular Connective Tissue: All lymphoid organs except thymus
 Adipose Tissue
 Cartilage
 Bone
 Blood

A5. –Hinge Joint: Elbow Joint

-Ball and Socket Joint: Shoulder Joint

-Ellipsoidal Joint: Wrist Joint

 Pivot Joint: Proximal Radioulnar Joint

Plane Joints: Joints between Carpal and Tarsal Bones

A6. Rotator Cuff is a musculotendinous sheath formed by the 4

flattened which blend with the capsule of the shoulder joint on one
hand and with each other on the other hand, before reaching their
points of insertion.

They give strength and stability to the relatively loose and lax
glenohumeral joint strengthening it from all sides except inferiorly.

The muscles constituting the rotator cuff have a common insertion on

the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

The muscles are as follows:

-Subscapularis

-Supraspinatus

-Infraspinatus

Teres minor

7A. Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuneiforms, 3 Medial Tarsal

7B. Inversion: TA, TP

 Eversion: FL, FB

8A. The left coronary artery gives off the Anterior Interventricular
Branch and the Circumflex Branch

Anterior Interventricular Branch

-Septal Branches (supply the Posterior 2/3rds of the IVS)

-Ventricular Branches

-Left Conus Artery

Circumflex Artery
-Anterior and Posterior Ventricular Branches

-Atrial Branches (Supply SA node in approximately 40% of cases)

-Left Marginal Artery

Posterior IV Artery (in 33% of the cases)

8B. Too simple to be explained

 9A. – The Trachea (bifurcates in to 2 main bronchi here)

- Cardiac Plexus

-The Ascending Aorta

9B. –They are the largest subdivisions of a lobe

-Pyramidal shaped segments of the lung with their apices facing the
lung root and their bases at the pleural surface

-Named according to the segmental bronchus supplying them

- Supplied independently by a segmental bronchus and a tertiary

branch of the pulmonary artery

-Surgically resectable

Clinical Importance: Knowledge of the segments is necessary for

understanding and interpreting radiographs and other medical imaging
of the lungs.

9C. –Intercostal muscles

-Intercostal Nerves

-IC vessels

-Lymphatics